{ "cells": [ { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "# Welcome to the start of your adventure in Agentic AI" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "\n", " \n", " \n", " \n", " \n", "
\n", " \n", " \n", "

Are you ready for action??

\n", " Have you completed all the setup steps in the setup folder?
\n", " Have you read the README? Many common questions are answered here!
\n", " Have you checked out the guides in the guides folder?
\n", " Well in that case, you're ready!!\n", " \n", "
" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "\n", " \n", " \n", " \n", " \n", "
\n", " \n", " \n", "

This code is a live resource - keep an eye out for my updates

\n", " I push updates regularly. As people ask questions or have problems, I add more examples and improve explanations. As a result, the code below might not be identical to the videos, as I've added more steps and better comments. Consider this like an interactive book that accompanies the lectures.

\n", " I try to send emails regularly with important updates related to the course. You can find this in the 'Announcements' section of Udemy in the left sidebar. You can also choose to receive my emails via your Notification Settings in Udemy. I'm respectful of your inbox and always try to add value with my emails!\n", " \n", "
" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "### And please do remember to contact me if I can help\n", "\n", "And I love to connect: https://www.linkedin.com/in/eddonner/\n", "\n", "\n", "### New to Notebooks like this one? Head over to the guides folder!\n", "\n", "Just to check you've already added the Python and Jupyter extensions to Cursor, if not already installed:\n", "- Open extensions (View >> extensions)\n", "- Search for python, and when the results show, click on the ms-python one, and Install it if not already installed\n", "- Search for jupyter, and when the results show, click on the Microsoft one, and Install it if not already installed \n", "Then View >> Explorer to bring back the File Explorer.\n", "\n", "And then:\n", "1. Click where it says \"Select Kernel\" near the top right, and select the option called `.venv (Python 3.12.9)` or similar, which should be the first choice or the most prominent choice. You may need to choose \"Python Environments\" first.\n", "2. Click in each \"cell\" below, starting with the cell immediately below this text, and press Shift+Enter to run\n", "3. Enjoy!\n", "\n", "After you click \"Select Kernel\", if there is no option like `.venv (Python 3.12.9)` then please do the following: \n", "1. On Mac: From the Cursor menu, choose Settings >> VS Code Settings (NOTE: be sure to select `VSCode Settings` not `Cursor Settings`); \n", "On Windows PC: From the File menu, choose Preferences >> VS Code Settings(NOTE: be sure to select `VSCode Settings` not `Cursor Settings`) \n", "2. In the Settings search bar, type \"venv\" \n", "3. In the field \"Path to folder with a list of Virtual Environments\" put the path to the project root, like C:\\Users\\username\\projects\\agents (on a Windows PC) or /Users/username/projects/agents (on Mac or Linux). \n", "And then try again.\n", "\n", "Having problems with missing Python versions in that list? Have you ever used Anaconda before? It might be interferring. Quit Cursor, bring up a new command line, and make sure that your Anaconda environment is deactivated: \n", "`conda deactivate` \n", "And if you still have any problems with conda and python versions, it's possible that you will need to run this too: \n", "`conda config --set auto_activate_base false` \n", "and then from within the Agents directory, you should be able to run `uv python list` and see the Python 3.12 version." ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 1, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [], "source": [ "# First let's do an import. If you get an Import Error, double check that your Kernel is correct..\n", "\n", "from dotenv import load_dotenv\n" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 2, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "True" ] }, "execution_count": 2, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "# Next it's time to load the API keys into environment variables\n", "# If this returns false, see the next cell!\n", "\n", "load_dotenv(override=True)" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "### Wait, did that just output `False`??\n", "\n", "If so, the most common reason is that you didn't save your `.env` file after adding the key! Be sure to have saved.\n", "\n", "Also, make sure the `.env` file is named precisely `.env` and is in the project root directory (`agents`)\n", "\n", "By the way, your `.env` file should have a stop symbol next to it in Cursor on the left, and that's actually a good thing: that's Cursor saying to you, \"hey, I realize this is a file filled with secret information, and I'm not going to send it to an external AI to suggest changes, because your keys should not be shown to anyone else.\"" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "\n", " \n", " \n", " \n", " \n", "
\n", " \n", " \n", "

Final reminders

\n", " 1. If you're not confident about Environment Variables or Web Endpoints / APIs, please read Topics 3 and 5 in this technical foundations guide.
\n", " 2. If you want to use AIs other than OpenAI, like Gemini, DeepSeek or Ollama (free), please see the first section in this AI APIs guide.
\n", " 3. If you ever get a Name Error in Python, you can always fix it immediately; see the last section of this Python Foundations guide and follow both tutorials and exercises.
\n", " \n", "
" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 3, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "OpenAI API Key exists and begins nvapi-i9\n" ] } ], "source": [ "# Check the key - if you're not using OpenAI, check whichever key you're using! Ollama doesn't need a key.\n", "\n", "import os\n", "openai_api_key = os.getenv('OPENAI_API_KEY')\n", "\n", "if openai_api_key:\n", " print(f\"OpenAI API Key exists and begins {openai_api_key[:8]}\")\n", "else:\n", " print(\"OpenAI API Key not set - please head to the troubleshooting guide in the setup folder\")\n", " \n" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 4, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [], "source": [ "# And now - the all important import statement\n", "# If you get an import error - head over to troubleshooting in the Setup folder\n", "# Even for other LLM providers like Gemini, you still use this OpenAI import - see Guide 9 for why\n", "\n", "from openai import OpenAI" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 5, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [], "source": [ "# And now we'll create an instance of the OpenAI class\n", "# If you're not sure what it means to create an instance of a class - head over to the guides folder (guide 6)!\n", "# If you get a NameError - head over to the guides folder (guide 6)to learn about NameErrors - always instantly fixable\n", "# If you're not using OpenAI, you just need to slightly modify this - precise instructions are in the AI APIs guide (guide 9)\n", "\n", "openai = OpenAI() #light weight library to connect open Ai end points to cloud " ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 6, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [], "source": [ "# Create a list of messages in the familiar OpenAI format\n", "\n", "messages = [{\"role\": \"user\", \"content\": \"What is 2+2?\"}]" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 7, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "2 + 2 = 4\n" ] } ], "source": [ "# And now call it! Any problems, head to the troubleshooting guide\n", "# This uses GPT 4.1 nano, the incredibly cheap model\n", "# The APIs guide (guide 9) has exact instructions for using even cheaper or free alternatives to OpenAI\n", "# If you get a NameError, head to the guides folder (guide 6) to learn about NameErrors - always instantly fixable\n", "\n", "response = openai.chat.completions.create(\n", " model=\"qwen/qwen3-next-80b-a3b-instruct\",\n", " messages=messages\n", ")\n", "\n", "print(response.choices[0].message.content)\n" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 8, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [], "source": [ "# And now - let's ask for a question:\n", "\n", "question = \"Please propose a hard, challenging question to assess someone's IQ. Respond only with the question.\"\n", "messages = [{\"role\": \"user\", \"content\": question}]\n" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 10, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "If a clock loses 12 minutes every hour and another gains 8 minutes every hour, both starting at 12:00 noon, after how many real hours will they next show the same time simultaneously, and what time will they display?\n" ] } ], "source": [ "# ask it - this uses GPT 4.1 mini, still cheap but more powerful than nano\n", "\n", "response = openai.chat.completions.create(\n", " model=\"qwen/qwen3-next-80b-a3b-instruct\",\n", " messages=messages\n", ")\n", "\n", "question = response.choices[0].message.content\n", "\n", "print(question)\n" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 11, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [], "source": [ "# form a new messages list\n", "messages = [{\"role\": \"user\", \"content\": question}]\n" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 12, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "We are given two clocks:\n", "\n", "- **Clock A**: Loses 12 minutes every real hour → so it runs slow.\n", "- **Clock B**: Gains 8 minutes every real hour → so it runs fast.\n", "\n", "Both start at **12:00 noon** (real time).\n", "\n", "We are to find: \n", "> After how many **real hours** will they **next show the same time simultaneously**, and **what time will they display**?\n", "\n", "---\n", "\n", "### Step 1: Understand how each clock behaves\n", "\n", "Let’s denote:\n", "\n", "- Let $ t $ be the number of **real hours** that have passed.\n", "\n", "Then:\n", "\n", "- **Clock A** (losing 12 min/hour): \n", " In $ t $ real hours, it loses $ 12t $ minutes. \n", " So, the time shown by Clock A is: \n", " $$\n", " \\text{Time}_A = 12:00 - \\frac{12t}{60} \\text{ hours} = 12:00 - 0.2t \\text{ hours}\n", " $$\n", "\n", "- **Clock B** (gaining 8 min/hour): \n", " In $ t $ real hours, it gains $ 8t $ minutes. \n", " So, the time shown by Clock B is: \n", " $$\n", " \\text{Time}_B = 12:00 + \\frac{8t}{60} \\text{ hours} = 12:00 + \\frac{2t}{15} \\text{ hours}\n", " $$\n", "\n", "But we are working with **clock times**, which are modulo 12 hours (since analog clocks repeat every 12 hours). So we need to find when the **displayed times** on both clocks are the same **modulo 12 hours**.\n", "\n", "Let’s convert everything to **minutes** for easier calculation.\n", "\n", "---\n", "\n", "### Step 2: Convert to minutes\n", "\n", "Let $ t $ = real hours → $ 60t $ real minutes.\n", "\n", "- Clock A loses 12 minutes per real hour → so in $ t $ real hours, it only advances: \n", " $$\n", " 60t - 12t = 48t \\text{ minutes}\n", " $$\n", "\n", "- Clock B gains 8 minutes per real hour → so it advances: \n", " $$\n", " 60t + 8t = 68t \\text{ minutes}\n", " $$\n", "\n", "We want the **displayed times** on both clocks to be the same.\n", "\n", "Since clocks are **12-hour cycles**, the displayed time is the time modulo 12 hours = 720 minutes.\n", "\n", "So we want:\n", "\n", "$$\n", "48t \\equiv 68t \\pmod{720}\n", "$$\n", "\n", "Subtract:\n", "\n", "$$\n", "68t - 48t = 20t \\equiv 0 \\pmod{720}\n", "$$\n", "\n", "So:\n", "\n", "$$\n", "20t \\equiv 0 \\pmod{720}\n", "\\Rightarrow 720 \\mid 20t\n", "\\Rightarrow \\frac{20t}{720} \\text{ is integer}\n", "\\Rightarrow \\frac{t}{36} \\text{ is integer}\n", "\\Rightarrow t \\equiv 0 \\pmod{36}\n", "$$\n", "\n", "So the **smallest positive** $ t $ is $ \\boxed{36} $ real hours.\n", "\n", "---\n", "\n", "### Step 3: What time do they show?\n", "\n", "We now compute the time shown on **either clock** after 36 real hours.\n", "\n", "Use Clock A: it has advanced $ 48t = 48 \\times 36 = 1728 $ minutes.\n", "\n", "Convert to hours: \n", "$ 1728 \\div 60 = 28.8 $ hours = 28 hours + 0.8×60 = 28h 48m\n", "\n", "Now, since clocks are 12-hour cycles, we take modulo 12 hours = 720 minutes.\n", "\n", "So compute $ 1728 \\mod 720 $:\n", "\n", "- $ 720 \\times 2 = 1440 $\n", "- $ 1728 - 1440 = 288 $ minutes\n", "\n", "So the displayed time is 288 minutes past 12:00.\n", "\n", "Convert 288 minutes to hours: \n", "$ 288 \\div 60 = 4.8 $ hours = 4 hours + 48 minutes → **4:48**\n", "\n", "But is it AM or PM? Since we started at 12:00 noon, and 36 hours have passed in real time:\n", "\n", "- 36 hours = 1 day + 12 hours → so 12:00 noon + 36 hours = **12:00 midnight + 12 hours = 12:00 noon again?**\n", "\n", "Wait, let’s track real time:\n", "\n", "- Start: Day 0, 12:00 noon\n", "- After 24 hours: Day 1, 12:00 noon\n", "- After 36 hours: Day 1, 12:00 midnight + 12 hours → **Day 2, 12:00 noon**\n", "\n", "So real time is **12:00 noon again**.\n", "\n", "But the clocks are not showing real time.\n", "\n", "We found that **both clocks show 288 minutes past 12:00**, which is **4 hours 48 minutes**.\n", "\n", "Since both clocks started at **12:00 noon**, and we are to report the **time they display**, we don’t need AM/PM — just the **clock face time**.\n", "\n", "So **4:48**.\n", "\n", "But is it 4:48 AM or PM? On a 12-hour clock, it's just **4:48**.\n", "\n", "But we need to be careful: since both clocks have advanced by multiples of 12 hours? Let’s check:\n", "\n", "- Clock A: advanced 1728 minutes = 28.8 hours = 2×12 + 4.8 → so 4.8 hours past 12:00 → 4:48\n", "- Clock B: advanced 68×36 = 2448 minutes\n", "\n", "Check 2448 mod 720:\n", "\n", "- 720 × 3 = 2160\n", "- 2448 - 2160 = 288 minutes → same as above → **4:48**\n", "\n", "So both show **4:48**.\n", "\n", "But since the clocks are analog 12-hour clocks, **4:48** is unambiguous.\n", "\n", "---\n", "\n", "### ✅ Final Answer:\n", "\n", "- **After 36 real hours**, both clocks will next show the same time.\n", "- The time they display is **4:48**.\n", "\n", "---\n", "\n", "### Double-check:\n", "\n", "Let’s verify with real time:\n", "\n", "After 36 real hours:\n", "\n", "- Real time: 12:00 noon + 36 hours = 12:00 noon two days later.\n", "- Clock A (slow): loses 12 min/hour → total loss = 36 × 12 = 432 minutes = 7 hours 12 minutes → so it shows: \n", " 12:00 noon - 7h12m = **4:48 AM** (but on a 12-hour clock, just 4:48)\n", "- Clock B (fast): gains 8 min/hour → total gain = 36 × 8 = 288 minutes = 4h48m → so it shows: \n", " 12:00 noon + 4h48m = **4:48 PM** → again, on a 12-hour clock, just **4:48**\n", "\n", "So both show **4:48** on the clock face.\n", "\n", "Perfect.\n", "\n", "---\n", "\n", "### ✅ Answer:\n", "\n", "**After 36 real hours**, both clocks will next show the same time, which is **4:48**.\n" ] } ], "source": [ "# Ask it again\n", "\n", "response = openai.chat.completions.create(\n", " model=\"qwen/qwen3-next-80b-a3b-instruct\",\n", " messages=messages\n", ")\n", "\n", "answer = response.choices[0].message.content\n", "print(answer)\n" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 13, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/markdown": [ "We are given two clocks:\n", "\n", "- **Clock A**: Loses 12 minutes every real hour → so it runs slow.\n", "- **Clock B**: Gains 8 minutes every real hour → so it runs fast.\n", "\n", "Both start at **12:00 noon** (real time).\n", "\n", "We are to find: \n", "> After how many **real hours** will they **next show the same time simultaneously**, and **what time will they display**?\n", "\n", "---\n", "\n", "### Step 1: Understand how each clock behaves\n", "\n", "Let’s denote:\n", "\n", "- Let $ t $ be the number of **real hours** that have passed.\n", "\n", "Then:\n", "\n", "- **Clock A** (losing 12 min/hour): \n", " In $ t $ real hours, it loses $ 12t $ minutes. \n", " So, the time shown by Clock A is: \n", " $$\n", " \\text{Time}_A = 12:00 - \\frac{12t}{60} \\text{ hours} = 12:00 - 0.2t \\text{ hours}\n", " $$\n", "\n", "- **Clock B** (gaining 8 min/hour): \n", " In $ t $ real hours, it gains $ 8t $ minutes. \n", " So, the time shown by Clock B is: \n", " $$\n", " \\text{Time}_B = 12:00 + \\frac{8t}{60} \\text{ hours} = 12:00 + \\frac{2t}{15} \\text{ hours}\n", " $$\n", "\n", "But we are working with **clock times**, which are modulo 12 hours (since analog clocks repeat every 12 hours). So we need to find when the **displayed times** on both clocks are the same **modulo 12 hours**.\n", "\n", "Let’s convert everything to **minutes** for easier calculation.\n", "\n", "---\n", "\n", "### Step 2: Convert to minutes\n", "\n", "Let $ t $ = real hours → $ 60t $ real minutes.\n", "\n", "- Clock A loses 12 minutes per real hour → so in $ t $ real hours, it only advances: \n", " $$\n", " 60t - 12t = 48t \\text{ minutes}\n", " $$\n", "\n", "- Clock B gains 8 minutes per real hour → so it advances: \n", " $$\n", " 60t + 8t = 68t \\text{ minutes}\n", " $$\n", "\n", "We want the **displayed times** on both clocks to be the same.\n", "\n", "Since clocks are **12-hour cycles**, the displayed time is the time modulo 12 hours = 720 minutes.\n", "\n", "So we want:\n", "\n", "$$\n", "48t \\equiv 68t \\pmod{720}\n", "$$\n", "\n", "Subtract:\n", "\n", "$$\n", "68t - 48t = 20t \\equiv 0 \\pmod{720}\n", "$$\n", "\n", "So:\n", "\n", "$$\n", "20t \\equiv 0 \\pmod{720}\n", "\\Rightarrow 720 \\mid 20t\n", "\\Rightarrow \\frac{20t}{720} \\text{ is integer}\n", "\\Rightarrow \\frac{t}{36} \\text{ is integer}\n", "\\Rightarrow t \\equiv 0 \\pmod{36}\n", "$$\n", "\n", "So the **smallest positive** $ t $ is $ \\boxed{36} $ real hours.\n", "\n", "---\n", "\n", "### Step 3: What time do they show?\n", "\n", "We now compute the time shown on **either clock** after 36 real hours.\n", "\n", "Use Clock A: it has advanced $ 48t = 48 \\times 36 = 1728 $ minutes.\n", "\n", "Convert to hours: \n", "$ 1728 \\div 60 = 28.8 $ hours = 28 hours + 0.8×60 = 28h 48m\n", "\n", "Now, since clocks are 12-hour cycles, we take modulo 12 hours = 720 minutes.\n", "\n", "So compute $ 1728 \\mod 720 $:\n", "\n", "- $ 720 \\times 2 = 1440 $\n", "- $ 1728 - 1440 = 288 $ minutes\n", "\n", "So the displayed time is 288 minutes past 12:00.\n", "\n", "Convert 288 minutes to hours: \n", "$ 288 \\div 60 = 4.8 $ hours = 4 hours + 48 minutes → **4:48**\n", "\n", "But is it AM or PM? Since we started at 12:00 noon, and 36 hours have passed in real time:\n", "\n", "- 36 hours = 1 day + 12 hours → so 12:00 noon + 36 hours = **12:00 midnight + 12 hours = 12:00 noon again?**\n", "\n", "Wait, let’s track real time:\n", "\n", "- Start: Day 0, 12:00 noon\n", "- After 24 hours: Day 1, 12:00 noon\n", "- After 36 hours: Day 1, 12:00 midnight + 12 hours → **Day 2, 12:00 noon**\n", "\n", "So real time is **12:00 noon again**.\n", "\n", "But the clocks are not showing real time.\n", "\n", "We found that **both clocks show 288 minutes past 12:00**, which is **4 hours 48 minutes**.\n", "\n", "Since both clocks started at **12:00 noon**, and we are to report the **time they display**, we don’t need AM/PM — just the **clock face time**.\n", "\n", "So **4:48**.\n", "\n", "But is it 4:48 AM or PM? On a 12-hour clock, it's just **4:48**.\n", "\n", "But we need to be careful: since both clocks have advanced by multiples of 12 hours? Let’s check:\n", "\n", "- Clock A: advanced 1728 minutes = 28.8 hours = 2×12 + 4.8 → so 4.8 hours past 12:00 → 4:48\n", "- Clock B: advanced 68×36 = 2448 minutes\n", "\n", "Check 2448 mod 720:\n", "\n", "- 720 × 3 = 2160\n", "- 2448 - 2160 = 288 minutes → same as above → **4:48**\n", "\n", "So both show **4:48**.\n", "\n", "But since the clocks are analog 12-hour clocks, **4:48** is unambiguous.\n", "\n", "---\n", "\n", "### ✅ Final Answer:\n", "\n", "- **After 36 real hours**, both clocks will next show the same time.\n", "- The time they display is **4:48**.\n", "\n", "---\n", "\n", "### Double-check:\n", "\n", "Let’s verify with real time:\n", "\n", "After 36 real hours:\n", "\n", "- Real time: 12:00 noon + 36 hours = 12:00 noon two days later.\n", "- Clock A (slow): loses 12 min/hour → total loss = 36 × 12 = 432 minutes = 7 hours 12 minutes → so it shows: \n", " 12:00 noon - 7h12m = **4:48 AM** (but on a 12-hour clock, just 4:48)\n", "- Clock B (fast): gains 8 min/hour → total gain = 36 × 8 = 288 minutes = 4h48m → so it shows: \n", " 12:00 noon + 4h48m = **4:48 PM** → again, on a 12-hour clock, just **4:48**\n", "\n", "So both show **4:48** on the clock face.\n", "\n", "Perfect.\n", "\n", "---\n", "\n", "### ✅ Answer:\n", "\n", "**After 36 real hours**, both clocks will next show the same time, which is **4:48**." ], "text/plain": [ "" ] }, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "display_data" } ], "source": [ "from IPython.display import Markdown, display\n", "\n", "display(Markdown(answer))\n", "\n" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "# Congratulations!\n", "\n", "That was a small, simple step in the direction of Agentic AI, with your new environment!\n", "\n", "Next time things get more interesting..." ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "\n", " \n", " \n", " \n", " \n", "
\n", " \n", " \n", "

Exercise

\n", " Now try this commercial application:
\n", " First ask the LLM to pick a business area that might be worth exploring for an Agentic AI opportunity.
\n", " Then ask the LLM to present a pain-point in that industry - something challenging that might be ripe for an Agentic solution.
\n", " Finally have 3 third LLM call propose the Agentic AI solution.
\n", " We will cover this at up-coming labs, so don't worry if you're unsure.. just give it a try!\n", " \n", "
" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": null, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [], "source": [ "# First create the messages:\n", "\n", "messages = [{\"role\": \"user\", \"content\": \"Something here\"}]\n", "\n", "# Then make the first call:\n", "\n", "response =\n", "\n", "# Then read the business idea:\n", "\n", "business_idea = response.\n", "\n", "# And repeat! In the next message, include the business idea within the message" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [] } ], "metadata": { "kernelspec": { "display_name": "agents", "language": "python", "name": "python3" }, "language_info": { "codemirror_mode": { "name": "ipython", "version": 3 }, "file_extension": ".py", "mimetype": "text/x-python", "name": "python", "nbconvert_exporter": "python", "pygments_lexer": "ipython3", "version": "3.12.9" } }, "nbformat": 4, "nbformat_minor": 2 }