Equivalency pairings + rehabilitation engine: the s. 36 screening suite

canlex_us_equivalency: 13 curated US->Canadian offence pairings with every
maximum penalty verified against the corpus text of the Criminal Code and
CDSA. Headlines: one US DUI = serious criminality via hybrid deeming (with
the Tran 2017 SCC 50 commission-date caveat for pre-2018-12-18 offences);
cannabis simple possession has NO Canadian equivalent post-legalization;
a single disorderly conduct equates to s. 175 (pure summary) and grounds
nothing; property offences split at the Canadian $5,000 line. Hill
methodology chunk included; honest no-pairing fallback.

canlex_rehabilitation: pure rule engine (canlex/rehab.py) for IRPA
s. 36(3)(c) + IRPR ss. 17/18/18.1, rules verified verbatim against the
corpus consolidation -- deemed rehabilitation (10 clean years single /
5 years two-plus-summary; never for serious criminality), individual
applications at 5 years, record-suspension route for in-Canada convictions,
the 18.1 two-summary exemption. 10 unit tests.

Together with canlex_us_disposition these form the three-step US-record
screening flow: conviction? -> equivalent offence? -> cured by time?
Reviewed by the user 2026-07-15.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

canlex/rehab.py

@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+"""Criminal-rehabilitation assessment under IRPA s. 36(3)(c) and IRPR ss. 17-18.1.
+
+Pure rule logic, verified against the corpus text of IRPR ss. 17, 18 and 18.1
+(SOR-2002-227, current consolidation) and IRPA s. 36(3). The rules:
+
+  Deemed rehabilitation (IRPR s. 18(2)) -- automatic, no application:
+    (a) ONE foreign conviction, indictable-equivalent, punishable in Canada by
+        a maximum of LESS THAN 10 years: 10 years after sentence completion,
+        with the cleanliness conditions (i)-(vii).
+    (b) TWO OR MORE foreign convictions that would all be summary offences:
+        5 years after the sentences were completed, with conditions.
+    (c) ONE committed act (s. 36(1)(c)/(2)(c)), <10-year maximum: 10 years
+        after the commission, with conditions.
+  Serious criminality (>=10-year maximum equivalent) can NEVER be deemed
+  rehabilitated -- only an individual application.
+
+  Individual rehabilitation (IRPA s. 36(3)(c), period per IRPR s. 17):
+  eligible to APPLY 5 years after sentence completion (conviction branches)
+  or 5 years after commission (act branches). Available for serious
+  criminality too.
+
+  In-Canada convictions are outside the rehabilitation scheme entirely --
+  the cure is a record suspension (IRPA s. 36(3)(b)) -- EXCEPT the IRPR
+  s. 18.1 prescribed class: inadmissible SOLELY for two or more in-Canada
+  summary-only convictions, exempt from s. 36(2)(a) five years after the
+  sentences were completed.
+"""
+
+BASES = ("foreign-conviction", "foreign-act", "canada-conviction")
+COUNTS = ("one", "two-plus-summary-only", "multiple")
+
+
+def assess(basis, max_penalty_lt_10, count, years_elapsed, clean_record):
+    """Assess rehabilitation status. Returns a dict:
+    {status, provision, explanation, caveats}.
+
+    basis: how the inadmissibility arises (BASES).
+    max_penalty_lt_10: True if the equivalent Canadian offence's maximum term
+        is under 10 years (False = serious criminality territory).
+    count: 'one' | 'two-plus-summary-only' | 'multiple' (COUNTS).
+    years_elapsed: full years since sentence completion (conviction bases)
+        or since commission (act basis).
+    clean_record: True if there are no other convictions or committed acts
+        (the s. 18(2) (i)-(vii) conditions, simplified -- see caveats).
+    """
+    caveats = [
+        "The 'clean record' answer stands in for the detailed conditions in "
+        "IRPR s. 18(2)(i)-(vii) (no Canadian indictable conviction ever; no "
+        "recent summary convictions; at most one older summary conviction; no "
+        "other committed acts) -- confirm each condition against the full "
+        "record before relying on deemed rehabilitation.",
+        "A temporary resident permit (IRPA s. 24) remains available at any "
+        "time regardless of rehabilitation status.",
+        "Time runs from the day AFTER completion of the ENTIRE sentence -- "
+        "including probation, fines and driving prohibitions -- not from the "
+        "conviction date.",
+    ]
+
+    if basis == "canada-conviction":
+        if count == "two-plus-summary-only":
+            if years_elapsed >= 5:
+                return _r("exempt", "IRPR s. 18.1",
+                          "Inadmissible solely for two or more in-Canada "
+                          "summary-only convictions, and at least five years "
+                          "have passed since the sentences were completed: "
+                          "the person is in the prescribed class exempt from "
+                          "IRPA s. 36(2)(a).", caveats)
+            return _r("not-yet", "IRPR s. 18.1",
+                      "The in-Canada two-summary-only exemption requires five "
+                      "years since the sentences were completed "
+                      f"({years_elapsed} elapsed).", caveats)
+        return _r("record-suspension-route", "IRPA s. 36(3)(b)",
+                  "Rehabilitation does not apply to in-Canada convictions. "
+                  "The cure is a record suspension under the Criminal Records "
+                  "Act (IRPA s. 36(3)(b)); once ordered and not revoked, the "
+                  "conviction cannot ground inadmissibility.", caveats)
+
+    since = ("sentence completion" if basis == "foreign-conviction"
+             else "the commission of the act")
+
+    if not max_penalty_lt_10:
+        # Serious criminality: deemed rehabilitation is never available.
+        if years_elapsed >= 5:
+            return _r("eligible-to-apply", "IRPA s. 36(3)(c); IRPR s. 17",
+                      "The equivalent Canadian offence carries a maximum of "
+                      "10 years or more (serious criminality), so deemed "
+                      "rehabilitation is NOT available -- but at least five "
+                      f"years have passed since {since}, so the person is "
+                      "eligible to APPLY for individual rehabilitation.",
+                      caveats)
+        return _r("not-yet", "IRPR s. 17",
+                  "Serious criminality: deemed rehabilitation is not "
+                  "available, and the five-year eligibility period to apply "
+                  f"for individual rehabilitation has not yet run "
+                  f"({years_elapsed} of 5 years since {since}).", caveats)
+
+    if count == "multiple":
+        if years_elapsed >= 5:
+            return _r("eligible-to-apply", "IRPA s. 36(3)(c); IRPR s. 17",
+                      "More than one indictable-equivalent conviction/act: "
+                      "deemed rehabilitation is not available (IRPR s. 18(2) "
+                      "covers only a single such conviction or act), but the "
+                      "five-year period to apply for individual "
+                      "rehabilitation has run.", caveats)
+        return _r("not-yet", "IRPR s. 17",
+                  "Multiple indictable-equivalent matters: only individual "
+                  "rehabilitation is possible, and its five-year eligibility "
+                  f"period has not run ({years_elapsed} of 5 years).", caveats)
+
+    if count == "two-plus-summary-only":
+        para = "IRPR s. 18(2)(b)"
+        need = 5
+    elif basis == "foreign-act":
+        para = "IRPR s. 18(2)(c)"
+        need = 10
+    else:
+        para = "IRPR s. 18(2)(a)"
+        need = 10
+
+    if years_elapsed >= need and clean_record:
+        return _r("deemed-rehabilitated", para,
+                  f"All {para} requirements appear met: {years_elapsed} years "
+                  f"since {since} (needs {need}), a qualifying single/summary "
+                  "profile, and a clean record. The person is deemed "
+                  "rehabilitated -- the matter cannot ground inadmissibility "
+                  "under IRPA s. 36(3)(c).", caveats)
+    if years_elapsed >= 5:
+        why = (f"only {years_elapsed} of {need} years have run"
+               if years_elapsed < need else
+               "the record is not clean, which defeats deemed rehabilitation")
+        return _r("eligible-to-apply", f"{para}; IRPR s. 17",
+                  f"Deemed rehabilitation is not (yet) made out ({why}), but "
+                  "five years have passed, so the person is eligible to APPLY "
+                  "for individual rehabilitation.", caveats)
+    return _r("not-yet", f"{para}; IRPR s. 17",
+              f"Neither deemed rehabilitation ({years_elapsed} of {need} "
+              "years) nor application eligibility (five years) has been "
+              "reached.", caveats)
+
+
+def _r(status, provision, explanation, caveats):
+    return {"status": status, "provision": provision,
+            "explanation": explanation, "caveats": caveats}

canlex/server.py

@@ -480,6 +480,171 @@ def _match_dispositions(data, disposition, state):
     return [e for _, e in scored[:2]]
 
 
+class EquivalencyInput(BaseModel):
+    """Input for canlex_us_equivalency."""
+    model_config = ConfigDict(str_strip_whitespace=True, extra="forbid")
+
+    offense: str = Field(
+        ...,
+        description="The US offence as charged or described, e.g. 'DUI', "
+        "'petty theft', 'aggravated assault', 'possession of a controlled "
+        "substance', 'disorderly conduct'.",
+        min_length=2, max_length=200,
+    )
+
+
+def _load_equivalency():
+    from canlex.config import DATA_DIR
+    path = DATA_DIR / "curated" / "us_equivalency.json"
+    if not path.exists():
+        return None
+    return json.loads(path.read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
+
+
+@mcp.tool(name="canlex_us_equivalency",
+          annotations={"title": "US Offence Equivalency", **_READONLY})
+def canlex_us_equivalency(params: EquivalencyInput) -> str:
+    """Map a common US offence to its Canadian equivalent and the resulting
+    IRPA s. 36 inadmissibility branch (serious criminality vs criminality vs
+    none), from CanLex's curated pairing table with corpus-verified maximum
+    penalties.
+
+    This is step 2 of a s. 36 analysis (step 1: is the disposition a
+    conviction -- canlex_us_disposition; step 3: rehabilitation --
+    canlex_rehabilitation, which takes this tool's max-penalty answer as
+    input). Covers the COMMON pairings (DUI, theft, assault, fraud, drugs,
+    cannabis, disorderly conduct...); anything unusual gets the Hill
+    methodology and an honest no-entry statement.
+
+    Returns:
+        str: Markdown -- the pairing with penalty, branch, caveats and
+        authorities, or the Hill framework when nothing matches.
+    """
+    from canlex.commentary import BANNER
+    data = _load_equivalency()
+    if data is None:
+        return ("The equivalency dataset is not present in this deployment. "
+                "Apply Hill v Canada (MEI) (1987), 73 NR 315 (FCA): compare "
+                "essential elements, or the evidence of what was done, or "
+                "both; remember IRPA s. 36(3)(a) hybrid deeming.")
+    q = set(re.findall(r"[a-z0-9]+", params.offense.lower()))
+    scored = []
+    for p in data.get("pairings", []):
+        best = 0.0
+        for t in p["us_terms"]:
+            toks = set(re.findall(r"[a-z0-9]+", t.lower()))
+            if toks:
+                best = max(best, len(q & toks) / len(toks))
+        if best > 0.4:
+            scored.append((best, p))
+    scored.sort(key=lambda x: -x[0])
+    parts = [BANNER]
+    if scored:
+        for _, p in scored[:2]:
+            lines = [f"US offence: {'; '.join(p['us_terms'][:5])}",
+                     f"Canadian equivalent: {p['canadian_offence']}",
+                     f"Maximum penalty (verified): {p['penalty']}",
+                     f"Inadmissibility branch: {p['branch']}", "",
+                     p["analysis"]]
+            if p.get("caveats"):
+                lines.append("")
+                lines += [f"- CAVEAT: {c}" for c in p["caveats"]]
+            if p.get("authorities"):
+                lines += ["", "Authorities:"]
+                lines += [f"- {a['cite']} ({a['court']}): {a['holding']}"
+                          for a in p["authorities"]]
+            parts.append("\n".join(lines))
+    else:
+        parts.append(
+            f"No curated pairing matches '{params.offense}'. Apply the Hill "
+            "framework (below) to the actual foreign statute -- compare "
+            "essential elements, or the evidence of what was done, or both.")
+    for m in data.get("methodology", []):
+        if m["id"] == "equivalency-framework":
+            parts.append("---\n\nGoverning framework:\n\n" + m["text"])
+            break
+    parts.append("Retrieve the Canadian provisions with canlex_get_section "
+                 "to verify elements and penalties; feed the max-penalty "
+                 "answer into canlex_rehabilitation for step 3.")
+    return "\n\n".join(parts)
+
+
+class RehabInput(BaseModel):
+    """Input for canlex_rehabilitation."""
+    model_config = ConfigDict(str_strip_whitespace=True, extra="forbid")
+
+    basis: str = Field(
+        ...,
+        description="How the inadmissibility arises: 'foreign-conviction' "
+        "(IRPA s. 36(1)(b)/(2)(b)), 'foreign-act' (s. 36(1)(c)/(2)(c)), or "
+        "'canada-conviction' (s. 36(1)(a)/(2)(a)).",
+        pattern="^(foreign-conviction|foreign-act|canada-conviction)$",
+    )
+    max_penalty_lt_10: bool = Field(
+        ...,
+        description="True if the equivalent Canadian offence's maximum term "
+        "of imprisonment is LESS THAN 10 years (remember IRPA s. 36(3)(a): "
+        "hybrid offences count as indictable at their indictable maximum).",
+    )
+    count: str = Field(
+        ...,
+        description="'one' (a single conviction or act), "
+        "'two-plus-summary-only' (two or more, all summary-equivalent), or "
+        "'multiple' (more than one indictable-equivalent matter).",
+        pattern="^(one|two-plus-summary-only|multiple)$",
+    )
+    years_elapsed: int = Field(
+        ..., ge=0, le=100,
+        description="Full years since the day after completion of the ENTIRE "
+        "imposed sentence (conviction bases) or since the act was committed "
+        "(act basis).",
+    )
+    clean_record: bool = Field(
+        ...,
+        description="True if the person has no other convictions or "
+        "committed acts anywhere (the IRPR s. 18(2)(i)-(vii) conditions, "
+        "simplified -- the answer carries a caveat to confirm in detail).",
+    )
+
+
+@mcp.tool(name="canlex_rehabilitation",
+          annotations={"title": "Criminal Rehabilitation Assessment", **_READONLY})
+def canlex_rehabilitation(params: RehabInput) -> str:
+    """Assess whether a person is deemed rehabilitated, eligible to apply for
+    individual rehabilitation, or neither, under IRPA s. 36(3)(c) and IRPR
+    ss. 17-18.1 -- the time-based cures for criminal inadmissibility.
+
+    Rules verified against the current IRPR consolidation: deemed
+    rehabilitation (automatic) for a single <10-year-maximum foreign
+    conviction after 10 clean years, two-plus summary-only convictions after
+    5 years, or a single committed act after 10 years; individual
+    rehabilitation applications after 5 years (available even for serious
+    criminality, which can never be deemed); record suspensions for in-Canada
+    convictions. This is step 3 of a s. 36 screening: step 1 is whether the
+    disposition is a conviction (canlex_us_disposition), step 2 is offence
+    equivalency (which also supplies the max-penalty input here).
+
+    Returns:
+        str: The assessment with the governing provision, explanation and
+        mandatory caveats. Curated logic -- verify against the cited
+        provisions via canlex_get_section.
+    """
+    from canlex.rehab import assess
+    from canlex.commentary import BANNER
+    r = assess(params.basis, params.max_penalty_lt_10, params.count,
+               params.years_elapsed, params.clean_record)
+    lines = [BANNER, "",
+             f"REHABILITATION STATUS: {r['status'].upper().replace('-', ' ')}",
+             f"Governing provision(s): {r['provision']}", "",
+             r["explanation"], "", "Caveats:"]
+    lines += [f"- {c}" for c in r["caveats"]]
+    lines.append("")
+    lines.append("Retrieve the provisions with canlex_get_section (act "
+                 "'IRPR', sections '17'/'18'/'18.1'; act 'IRPA', section "
+                 "'36').")
+    return "\n".join(lines)
+
+
 @mcp.tool(name="canlex_us_disposition",
           annotations={"title": "US Disposition vs IRPA 'Conviction'", **_READONLY})
 def canlex_us_disposition(params: DispositionInput) -> str:

data/curated/us_equivalency.json

@@ -0,0 +1,285 @@
+{
+ "reviewed": "2026-07-15",
+ "_provenance": "Authored 2026-07-12. Every Canadian maximum penalty verified against the corpus text of the Criminal Code (C-46) and CDSA (C-38.8), current consolidations; branch classifications apply IRPA s. 36(3)(a) (hybrid offences deemed indictable). Tran v Canada, 2017 SCC 50 (in-corpus) supplies the commission-date rule for assessing maximum penalties. Equivalency methodology per Hill v Canada (MEI) (1987), 73 NR 315 (FCA), as set out in IRB Legal Services, Sponsorship Appeals Ch. 2 (Criminal Refusals). These are the COMMON pairings only -- an unusual offence needs the full Hill analysis against the actual foreign statute.",
+ "methodology": [
+  {
+   "id": "equivalency-framework",
+   "title": "How offence equivalency works (step 2 of the s. 36 analysis)",
+   "text": "Equivalency asks whether the foreign offence, if committed in Canada, would constitute a federal offence of the required seriousness. The governing test is Hill v Canada (MEI) (1987), 73 NR 315 (FCA): equivalency can be established (1) by comparing the precise wording and essential elements of the two provisions; (2) by examining the evidence of what the person actually did, to see whether it would satisfy the essential elements of the Canadian offence; or (3) by a combination of both. Key rules: (a) HYBRID DEEMING -- IRPA s. 36(3)(a): an offence prosecutable either way in Canada is deemed indictable, at its indictable maximum, even if it would likely proceed summarily; (b) TIMING -- Tran v Canada, 2017 SCC 50: the maximum penalty is assessed as of the DATE OF COMMISSION, so a later increase in the Canadian maximum does not retroactively convert criminality into serious criminality; (c) THRESHOLDS -- Canadian property offences split at $5,000 (theft, fraud, mischief), so the value in the foreign record often decides the branch; (d) the comparison is with the CANADIAN offence's elements -- a foreign offence broader than its Canadian counterpart requires the evidence branch of Hill to see what was actually done; (e) purely SUMMARY Canadian equivalents (e.g. causing a disturbance, s. 175) cannot ground s. 36(2)(b) inadmissibility on a single conviction -- only the two-or-more-convictions branch reaches them."
+  }
+ ],
+ "pairings": [
+  {
+   "id": "dui",
+   "us_terms": [
+    "DUI",
+    "DWI",
+    "OWI",
+    "OUI",
+    "driving under the influence",
+    "driving while intoxicated",
+    "operating under the influence",
+    "drunk driving",
+    "impaired driving"
+   ],
+   "canadian_offence": "Criminal Code s. 320.14 (operation while impaired / over the legal limit); punishment s. 320.19",
+   "penalty": "Hybrid; indictable maximum 10 years (s. 320.19(1)(a): 'liable to imprisonment for a term of not more than 10 years')",
+   "branch": "SERIOUS CRIMINALITY -- IRPA s. 36(1)(b): via s. 36(3)(a) hybrid deeming, a single ordinary US DUI conviction equates to an offence punishable by 10 years",
+   "status": "judicially-considered",
+   "analysis": "The single most consequential everyday pairing: one US misdemeanor DUI grounds serious criminality, because Canada's impaired-driving offence is hybrid with a 10-year indictable maximum since December 18, 2018. Deemed rehabilitation is therefore unavailable (10-year-or-more maximum); only individual rehabilitation or a TRP cures it.",
+   "caveats": [
+    "TIMING (Tran, 2017 SCC 50): for offences COMMITTED before December 18, 2018, the equivalent was the former s. 253 (maximum 5 years) -- criminality under s. 36(2)(b) only, not serious criminality, and deemed rehabilitation remains available.",
+    "Zero-tolerance administrative per-se findings are not convictions (see the DUI entry in the dispositions helper); this pairing addresses criminal DUI convictions.",
+    "A US 'wet reckless' plea-down maps to careless/dangerous driving analysis, not s. 320.14 -- check what was actually convicted."
+   ],
+   "authorities": [
+    {
+     "cite": "Tran v Canada (Public Safety), 2017 SCC 50",
+     "court": "Supreme Court of Canada",
+     "holding": "The maximum term for equivalency/seriousness purposes is assessed as of the date of commission; subsequent increases do not apply retrospectively."
+    }
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "theft-under",
+   "us_terms": [
+    "petty theft",
+    "petit larceny",
+    "shoplifting",
+    "misdemeanor theft",
+    "theft under"
+   ],
+   "canadian_offence": "Criminal Code s. 334(b) (theft not exceeding $5,000)",
+   "penalty": "Hybrid; indictable maximum 2 years (s. 334(b)(i))",
+   "branch": "CRIMINALITY -- IRPA s. 36(2)(b) (foreign national); a permanent resident is NOT inadmissible on this alone",
+   "status": "guidance-only",
+   "analysis": "Ordinary shoplifting equates to theft under $5,000: hybrid, deemed indictable, 2-year maximum. One conviction makes a foreign national inadmissible for criminality; two convictions not arising from a single occurrence also engage s. 36(2)(b). Deemed rehabilitation after 10 years (single) per IRPR s. 18(2)(a).",
+   "caveats": [
+    "Convert the stolen value at the offence date: a US 'felony grand theft' at a low state threshold (some states: $500+) may still be theft UNDER $5,000 in Canadian terms -- the CANADIAN threshold controls the branch.",
+    "Value over $5,000 -> s. 334(a), 10-year maximum -> serious criminality (see theft-over)."
+   ],
+   "authorities": []
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "theft-over",
+   "us_terms": [
+    "grand theft",
+    "grand larceny",
+    "felony theft",
+    "auto theft",
+    "grand theft auto"
+   ],
+   "canadian_offence": "Criminal Code s. 334(a) (theft exceeding $5,000); motor vehicle theft s. 333.1",
+   "penalty": "Indictable maximum 10 years (s. 334(a): 'not more than 10 years'); motor vehicle theft (s. 333.1) hybrid, 10 years",
+   "branch": "SERIOUS CRIMINALITY -- IRPA s. 36(1)(b), where the value genuinely exceeds $5,000 (or the subject is a motor vehicle under s. 333.1)",
+   "status": "guidance-only",
+   "analysis": "Theft of property over $5,000 (Canadian dollars, at the offence date) is a 10-year offence: serious criminality; no deemed rehabilitation.",
+   "caveats": [
+    "The US felony label does not control -- verify the actual value against the Canadian $5,000 line; borderline values with exchange-rate movement deserve the evidence branch of Hill."
+   ],
+   "authorities": []
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "assault-simple",
+   "us_terms": [
+    "simple assault",
+    "misdemeanor assault",
+    "battery",
+    "simple battery",
+    "assault in the fourth degree"
+   ],
+   "canadian_offence": "Criminal Code s. 266 (assault)",
+   "penalty": "Hybrid; indictable maximum 5 years (s. 266(a): 'not exceeding five years')",
+   "branch": "CRIMINALITY -- IRPA s. 36(2)(b)",
+   "status": "guidance-only",
+   "analysis": "US simple assault/battery generally equates to s. 266: hybrid, 5-year maximum -- criminality, not serious criminality. Deemed rehabilitation available after 10 years (single conviction).",
+   "caveats": [
+    "Bodily injury, a weapon, or choking moves the equivalent to s. 267 (10 years) -> serious criminality (see assault-aggravated).",
+    "Domestic-violence variants equate to the same assault provisions; the DV character matters to sentencing and to some US dispositions, not to the Canadian equivalency.",
+    "Some US assault statutes cover mere threats -- threat-only conduct maps to s. 264.1 (uttering threats, 5 years), same branch."
+   ],
+   "authorities": []
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "assault-aggravated",
+   "us_terms": [
+    "aggravated assault",
+    "assault with a deadly weapon",
+    "ADW",
+    "felony assault",
+    "assault causing injury",
+    "domestic battery with injury"
+   ],
+   "canadian_offence": "Criminal Code s. 267 (assault with a weapon / causing bodily harm / choking); s. 268 (aggravated assault)",
+   "penalty": "s. 267: hybrid, indictable maximum 10 years; s. 268: indictable, maximum 14 years",
+   "branch": "SERIOUS CRIMINALITY -- IRPA s. 36(1)(b)",
+   "status": "guidance-only",
+   "analysis": "Weapon involvement or bodily harm lifts the Canadian equivalent to s. 267 (10 years) or s. 268 (wounding/maiming, 14 years): serious criminality either way; no deemed rehabilitation.",
+   "caveats": [
+    "US 'aggravated' labels sometimes rest only on the victim's status (e.g. assault on an officer) -- if no weapon/injury, the closer equivalent may be s. 270 (assaulting an officer, hybrid 5 years) -> criminality only. Use the evidence branch."
+   ],
+   "authorities": []
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "fraud",
+   "us_terms": [
+    "fraud",
+    "bad checks",
+    "check fraud",
+    "insufficient funds",
+    "credit card fraud",
+    "identity theft",
+    "wire fraud"
+   ],
+   "canadian_offence": "Criminal Code s. 380 (fraud); s. 342 (credit card offences); s. 402.2 (identity theft)",
+   "penalty": "s. 380(1)(a): indictable maximum 14 years where value exceeds $5,000; s. 380(1)(b): hybrid, 2 years where value $5,000 or less",
+   "branch": "SERIOUS CRIMINALITY over $5,000 (36(1)(b)); CRIMINALITY at or under $5,000 (36(2)(b))",
+   "status": "guidance-only",
+   "analysis": "Fraud splits on the $5,000 line exactly like theft. Bad-check convictions are usually small-value: hybrid 2-year equivalents -> criminality. Larger frauds (14 years) are serious criminality.",
+   "caveats": [
+    "Many US bad-check statutes criminalize mere non-payment without dishonesty elements -- where intent to defraud is not an element, the Canadian equivalent may fail on essential elements; use the Hill evidence branch."
+   ],
+   "authorities": []
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "drug-possession",
+   "us_terms": [
+    "drug possession",
+    "possession of a controlled substance",
+    "simple possession",
+    "cocaine possession",
+    "meth possession",
+    "narcotics possession"
+   ],
+   "canadian_offence": "CDSA s. 4(1) (possession); punishment s. 4(3)-(6) by schedule",
+   "penalty": "Schedule I (cocaine, heroin, meth, fentanyl): hybrid, indictable maximum 7 years (s. 4(3)(a): 'not exceeding seven years'); Schedule III: hybrid, 3 years",
+   "branch": "CRIMINALITY -- IRPA s. 36(2)(b) (7-year maximum is below the 10-year serious-criminality line)",
+   "status": "guidance-only",
+   "analysis": "Simple possession of hard drugs equates to CDSA s. 4(1): hybrid, 7-year maximum for Schedule I -- criminality, NOT serious criminality. Deemed rehabilitation available after 10 clean years for a single conviction.",
+   "caveats": [
+    "CANNABIS IS DIFFERENT: see the cannabis entry -- simple possession within legal limits is no longer an offence in Canada at all.",
+    "Possession WITH INTENT to distribute equates to trafficking (see drug-trafficking): a completely different branch."
+   ],
+   "authorities": []
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "cannabis-possession",
+   "us_terms": [
+    "marijuana possession",
+    "cannabis possession",
+    "possession of marijuana",
+    "weed possession"
+   ],
+   "canadian_offence": "None for simple possession within legal limits -- the Cannabis Act legalized adult possession of up to 30 g of dried cannabis (public)",
+   "penalty": "Not an offence in Canada (within limits); over-limit possession: Cannabis Act s. 8, hybrid, maximum 5 years less a day",
+   "branch": "NO INADMISSIBILITY for simple possession equivalents: with no equivalent Canadian offence, neither s. 36(1)(b) nor s. 36(2)(b) can be made out",
+   "status": "guidance-only",
+   "analysis": "A US conviction for simple marijuana possession (an amount lawful in Canada) has no Canadian equivalent offence since October 17, 2018 -- there is nothing to equate, so the conviction cannot ground criminal inadmissibility. This is the clearest 'NO' in the pairing table.",
+   "caveats": [
+    "Quantities beyond Canadian legal limits, distribution, sale, cultivation beyond limits, and import/export DO have Cannabis Act equivalents (ss. 8-14; import/export max 14 years -> serious criminality).",
+    "The equivalency is assessed against Canadian law at the ADMISSIBILITY DECISION date for the would-it-be-an-offence question -- post-legalization assessments of old possession convictions find no equivalent offence.",
+    "US felony marijuana TRAFFICKING remains serious criminality (Cannabis Act s. 9/10 or CDSA analysis)."
+   ],
+   "authorities": []
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "drug-trafficking",
+   "us_terms": [
+    "drug trafficking",
+    "possession with intent to distribute",
+    "PWID",
+    "drug distribution",
+    "sale of a controlled substance",
+    "drug dealing"
+   ],
+   "canadian_offence": "CDSA s. 5 (trafficking / possession for the purpose)",
+   "penalty": "Schedule I or II: indictable, maximum LIFE (s. 5(3)(a): 'liable to imprisonment for life'); Schedule III/V: hybrid, 10 years",
+   "branch": "SERIOUS CRIMINALITY -- IRPA s. 36(1)(b) for any schedule (all branches reach at least 10 years)",
+   "status": "guidance-only",
+   "analysis": "Any trafficking or possession-with-intent conviction equates to CDSA s. 5: serious criminality at every schedule level. No deemed rehabilitation; individual rehabilitation after 5 years or TRP only.",
+   "caveats": [
+    "Also engages potential organized-criminality analysis (s. 37) where a criminal organization is involved."
+   ],
+   "authorities": []
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "disorderly-conduct",
+   "us_terms": [
+    "disorderly conduct",
+    "disturbing the peace",
+    "public disturbance",
+    "breach of the peace",
+    "public intoxication"
+   ],
+   "canadian_offence": "Criminal Code s. 175 (causing a disturbance)",
+   "penalty": "SUMMARY ONLY -- s. 175 is a pure summary conviction offence",
+   "branch": "A SINGLE conviction grounds NO inadmissibility: s. 36(2)(b) requires an indictable-equivalent, and s. 175 is not one. TWO OR MORE convictions (not from a single occurrence) engage s. 36(2)(b)'s second branch",
+   "status": "guidance-only",
+   "analysis": "The most common harmless record: one US disorderly conduct/disturbing-the-peace conviction, equated to s. 175 (summary only), makes NOBODY inadmissible -- not even a foreign national. The two-or-more branch changes that, and IRPR s. 18(2)(b) then offers deemed rehabilitation five years after the sentences.",
+   "caveats": [
+    "Check what the conviction actually covers: some US disorderly statutes bundle assaultive or threatening conduct that would equate to hybrid offences -- the evidence branch of Hill controls where the statute is broader than s. 175.",
+    "Public intoxication alone typically has no federal Canadian equivalent at all (provincial regulatory matter) -- even cleaner than s. 175."
+   ],
+   "authorities": []
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "resisting-arrest",
+   "us_terms": [
+    "resisting arrest",
+    "obstruction",
+    "obstructing an officer",
+    "evading arrest",
+    "failure to comply with police"
+   ],
+   "canadian_offence": "Criminal Code s. 129 (resisting or obstructing a peace officer)",
+   "penalty": "Hybrid; indictable maximum 2 years (s. 129(d): 'not exceeding two years')",
+   "branch": "CRIMINALITY -- IRPA s. 36(2)(b)",
+   "status": "guidance-only",
+   "analysis": "Non-violent resisting/obstruction equates to s. 129: hybrid, 2-year maximum -- criminality only.",
+   "caveats": [
+    "Vehicle flight equates to s. 320.17 (flight from police: hybrid, 10 years) -> SERIOUS criminality -- distinguish on-foot obstruction from vehicular flight.",
+    "Assaulting the officer moves it to s. 270 or s. 267 territory."
+   ],
+   "authorities": []
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "threats",
+   "us_terms": [
+    "criminal threatening",
+    "terroristic threats",
+    "menacing",
+    "harassment threats",
+    "intimidation"
+   ],
+   "canadian_offence": "Criminal Code s. 264.1 (uttering threats)",
+   "penalty": "Hybrid; indictable maximum 5 years for threats to cause death or bodily harm (s. 264.1(2)(a))",
+   "branch": "CRIMINALITY -- IRPA s. 36(2)(b)",
+   "status": "guidance-only",
+   "analysis": "Threat offences equate to s. 264.1: hybrid, 5-year maximum -- criminality. Criminal harassment courses of conduct equate to s. 264 (10 years) -> serious criminality instead.",
+   "caveats": [
+    "'Terroristic threats' is a state-law label with no terrorism content -- do not confuse with IRPA s. 34 security grounds absent actual terrorism facts.",
+    "Repeated/stalking conduct: s. 264 criminal harassment (10 years) -> serious criminality."
+   ],
+   "authorities": []
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "mischief-vandalism",
+   "us_terms": [
+    "vandalism",
+    "criminal mischief",
+    "malicious mischief",
+    "property damage",
+    "graffiti"
+   ],
+   "canadian_offence": "Criminal Code s. 430 (mischief)",
+   "penalty": "Value over $5,000: hybrid, indictable maximum 10 years (s. 430(3)); $5,000 or under: hybrid, 2 years (s. 430(4))",
+   "branch": "CRIMINALITY at or under $5,000 (36(2)(b)); SERIOUS CRIMINALITY over $5,000 (36(1)(b))",
+   "status": "guidance-only",
+   "analysis": "Vandalism splits on the $5,000 damage value like the other property offences. Ordinary graffiti/vandalism records are 2-year equivalents -> criminality.",
+   "caveats": [
+    "The damage figure in the US record (restitution ordered is a good proxy) decides the branch -- convert to CAD at the offence date."
+   ],
+   "authorities": []
+  }
+ ]
+}

tests/test_rehab.py

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+"""Unit tests for the rehabilitation rule engine (canlex/rehab.py).
+
+Offline; the rule table mirrors IRPR ss. 17, 18(2)(a)-(c) and 18.1.
+
+    python -m unittest discover -s tests
+"""
+import unittest
+
+from canlex.rehab import assess
+
+
+class DeemedRehabTests(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_single_foreign_conviction_deemed_after_10_clean_years(self):
+        r = assess("foreign-conviction", True, "one", 10, True)
+        self.assertEqual(r["status"], "deemed-rehabilitated")
+        self.assertIn("18(2)(a)", r["provision"])
+
+    def test_not_deemed_at_9_years_but_eligible_to_apply(self):
+        r = assess("foreign-conviction", True, "one", 9, True)
+        self.assertEqual(r["status"], "eligible-to-apply")
+
+    def test_dirty_record_defeats_deemed(self):
+        r = assess("foreign-conviction", True, "one", 12, False)
+        self.assertEqual(r["status"], "eligible-to-apply")
+
+    def test_two_summary_convictions_deemed_after_5_years(self):
+        r = assess("foreign-conviction", True, "two-plus-summary-only", 5, True)
+        self.assertEqual(r["status"], "deemed-rehabilitated")
+        self.assertIn("18(2)(b)", r["provision"])
+
+    def test_committed_act_deemed_after_10_years(self):
+        r = assess("foreign-act", True, "one", 10, True)
+        self.assertEqual(r["status"], "deemed-rehabilitated")
+        self.assertIn("18(2)(c)", r["provision"])
+
+
+class SeriousCriminalityTests(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_never_deemed_even_after_decades(self):
+        r = assess("foreign-conviction", False, "one", 30, True)
+        self.assertEqual(r["status"], "eligible-to-apply")
+        self.assertIn("17", r["provision"])
+
+    def test_under_5_years_nothing_available(self):
+        r = assess("foreign-conviction", False, "one", 3, True)
+        self.assertEqual(r["status"], "not-yet")
+
+
+class InCanadaTests(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_record_suspension_route(self):
+        r = assess("canada-conviction", True, "one", 20, True)
+        self.assertEqual(r["status"], "record-suspension-route")
+        self.assertIn("36(3)(b)", r["provision"])
+
+    def test_two_summary_class_exempt_after_5_years(self):
+        r = assess("canada-conviction", True, "two-plus-summary-only", 5, True)
+        self.assertEqual(r["status"], "exempt")
+        self.assertIn("18.1", r["provision"])
+
+    def test_two_summary_class_not_yet_at_4_years(self):
+        r = assess("canada-conviction", True, "two-plus-summary-only", 4, True)
+        self.assertEqual(r["status"], "not-yet")
+
+
+class MultipleIndictableTests(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_never_deemed_apply_only(self):
+        r = assess("foreign-conviction", True, "multiple", 15, True)
+        self.assertEqual(r["status"], "eligible-to-apply")
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    unittest.main()