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docs/disease_docs.txt

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+### Plant Pathologist's Guide to Infected Crops
+
+This guide provides an overview of various infected crops, the diseases affecting them, and advice for treatment and prevention.
+
+---
+
+#### **Apple**
+
+**1. Apple Scab Leaf**  
+- **Cause**: Fungus *Venturia inaequalis*.  
+- **Symptoms**: Olive-green to black spots on leaves, fruits, and twigs. Leaves may curl and drop prematurely.  
+- **Treatment**:  
+  - Apply fungicides containing captan, mancozeb, or myclobutanil.  
+  - Remove and destroy fallen leaves to reduce fungal spores.  
+  - Use resistant apple varieties like 'Enterprise' or 'Liberty.'
+
+**2. Apple Rust Leaf**  
+- **Cause**: Fungus *Gymnosporangium spp.*  
+- **Symptoms**: Bright orange or yellow spots on leaves; may cause premature defoliation.  
+- **Treatment**:  
+  - Use fungicides containing sulfur or myclobutanil.  
+  - Remove nearby juniper trees, as they are alternate hosts for the fungus.
+
+---
+
+#### **Bell Pepper**
+
+**3. Bell Pepper Leaf Spot**  
+- **Cause**: Bacteria *Xanthomonas campestris*.  
+- **Symptoms**: Water-soaked spots that enlarge and turn brown; yellow halos around spots.  
+- **Treatment**:  
+  - Apply copper-based bactericides.  
+  - Use disease-free seeds and rotate crops.  
+  - Avoid overhead irrigation.
+
+---
+
+#### **Corn**
+
+**4. Corn Gray Leaf Spot**  
+- **Cause**: Fungus *Cercospora zeae-maydis*.  
+- **Symptoms**: Long gray or tan lesions on leaves; reduced photosynthesis.  
+- **Treatment**:  
+  - Apply fungicides like strobilurins or triazoles.  
+  - Rotate crops and practice no-till farming.  
+
+**5. Corn Leaf Blight**  
+- **Cause**: Fungus *Exserohilum turcicum*.  
+- **Symptoms**: Long, elliptical lesions on leaves; blighting under severe infections.  
+- **Treatment**:  
+  - Use fungicides containing azoxystrobin or propiconazole.  
+  - Plant resistant hybrids.
+
+**6. Corn Rust Leaf**  
+- **Cause**: Fungus *Puccinia spp.*  
+- **Symptoms**: Reddish-brown pustules on leaves; reduced yield in severe cases.  
+- **Treatment**:  
+  - Apply fungicides like pyraclostrobin.  
+  - Plant rust-resistant corn varieties.
+
+---
+
+#### **Potato**
+
+**7. Potato Leaf Early Blight**  
+- **Cause**: Fungus *Alternaria solani*.  
+- **Symptoms**: Dark concentric rings on leaves; leaf yellowing and death.  
+- **Treatment**:  
+  - Use fungicides like chlorothalonil or mancozeb.  
+  - Rotate crops and remove plant debris.
+
+**8. Potato Leaf Late Blight**  
+- **Cause**: Fungus *Phytophthora infestans*.  
+- **Symptoms**: Water-soaked lesions on leaves; white fungal growth under high humidity.  
+- **Treatment**:  
+  - Apply fungicides like metalaxyl or mancozeb.  
+  - Plant resistant varieties like 'Russet Burbank.'  
+  - Avoid overhead irrigation.
+
+---
+
+#### **Squash**
+
+**9. Squash Powdery Mildew Leaf**  
+- **Cause**: Fungus *Podosphaera xanthii*.  
+- **Symptoms**: White powdery patches on leaves and stems; reduced vigor.  
+- **Treatment**:  
+  - Apply fungicides like sulfur or neem oil.  
+  - Ensure proper spacing for airflow.
+
+---
+
+#### **Tomato**
+
+**10. Tomato Early Blight Leaf**  
+- **Cause**: Fungus *Alternaria solani*.  
+- **Symptoms**: Dark concentric rings on leaves and stems; leaf defoliation.  
+- **Treatment**:  
+  - Apply fungicides like mancozeb or chlorothalonil.  
+  - Remove infected plant debris.  
+
+**11. Tomato Septoria Leaf Spot**  
+- **Cause**: Fungus *Septoria lycopersici*.  
+- **Symptoms**: Small circular spots with dark edges on lower leaves.  
+- **Treatment**:  
+  - Use fungicides like copper-based sprays.  
+  - Practice crop rotation.
+
+**12. Tomato Leaf Bacterial Spot**  
+- **Cause**: Bacteria *Xanthomonas spp.*  
+- **Symptoms**: Water-soaked spots turning brown; defoliation under severe infections.  
+- **Treatment**:  
+  - Apply copper-based bactericides.  
+  - Use disease-free seeds and avoid overhead watering.
+
+**13. Tomato Leaf Late Blight**  
+- **Cause**: Fungus *Phytophthora infestans*.  
+- **Symptoms**: Water-soaked lesions; white fungal growth under humid conditions.  
+- **Treatment**:  
+  - Use fungicides like chlorothalonil or mancozeb.  
+  - Destroy infected plants and avoid wet foliage.
+
+**14. Tomato Leaf Mosaic Virus**  
+- **Cause**: *Tomato mosaic virus* (ToMV).  
+- **Symptoms**: Mottled, distorted leaves; reduced fruit yield.  
+- **Treatment**:  
+  - Remove and destroy infected plants.  
+  - Disinfect tools and avoid handling plants when wet.
+
+**15. Tomato Leaf Yellow Virus**  
+- **Cause**: *Tomato yellow leaf curl virus* (TYLCV).  
+- **Symptoms**: Yellowing and curling of leaves; stunted growth.  
+- **Treatment**:  
+  - Use insect-proof netting to prevent whiteflies.  
+  - Apply insecticides like imidacloprid.  
+
+**16. Tomato Mold Leaf**  
+- **Cause**: Fungus *Cladosporium fulvum*.  
+- **Symptoms**: Yellow spots on upper leaf surfaces; moldy growth underneath.  
+- **Treatment**:  
+  - Apply fungicides like chlorothalonil or copper-based sprays.  
+  - Ensure proper ventilation.
+
+**17. Tomato Two-Spotted Spider Mites Leaf**  
+- **Cause**: Mites *Tetranychus urticae*.  
+- **Symptoms**: Yellow stippling on leaves; webbing under severe infestation.  
+- **Treatment**:  
+  - Use miticides or insecticidal soaps.  
+  - Maintain adequate humidity and wash plants regularly.
+
+---
+
+#### **Grape**
+
+**18. Grape Leaf Black Rot**  
+- **Cause**: Fungus *Guignardia bidwellii*.  
+- **Symptoms**: Brown spots with black borders on leaves; shriveled fruit.  
+- **Treatment**:  
+  - Apply fungicides like mancozeb or myclobutanil.  
+  - Prune and remove infected plant parts.  
+  - Ensure good air circulation in vineyards.
+
+---
+
+By implementing these treatment and prevention measures, farmers can effectively manage crop diseases and maintain healthy yields.

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