import httpx
import asyncio
from typing import List, Dict, Any

DEFAULT_TIMEOUT = 25.0


async def fetch_json(
    url: str,
    params: dict = None,
    headers: dict = None,
    timeout: float = DEFAULT_TIMEOUT,
) -> dict:
    """Fetch JSON from URL with timeout."""
    async with httpx.AsyncClient(timeout=timeout, follow_redirects=True) as client:
        try:
            r = await client.get(url, params=params, headers=headers or {})
            r.raise_for_status()
            return r.json()
        except Exception as e:
            return {"error": str(e)}


async def fetch_text(
    url: str,
    params: dict = None,
    headers: dict = None,
    timeout: float = DEFAULT_TIMEOUT,
) -> str:
    """Fetch raw text/XML from URL with timeout."""
    async with httpx.AsyncClient(timeout=timeout, follow_redirects=True) as client:
        try:
            r = await client.get(url, params=params, headers=headers or {})
            r.raise_for_status()
            return r.text
        except Exception as e:
            return ""


def normalize_result(
    title: str,
    authors: list,
    year: int,
    abstract: str,
    doi: str,
    pdf_url: str,
    source: str,
    university: str = None,
    citation_count: int = None,
) -> dict:
    """Normalize a search result to common format."""
    return {
        "title": title or "N/A",
        "authors": authors or [],
        "year": year,
        "abstract": abstract or "",
        "doi": doi or "",
        "pdfUrl": pdf_url or "",
        "source": source,
        "university": university or "",
        "citationCount": citation_count,
    }