Blame for app.py

"""
Simulador del Perceptron — Gradio
Ejecuta la clase Perceptron real (NumPy puro, sin scikit-learn) en vivo.

Correr localmente:  python app.py
Desplegar:          Hugging Face Spaces, SDK "Gradio", subiendo estos
                     archivos por arrastrar-y-soltar (sin git). Ver requirements.txt.
"""

import gradio as gr
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import spaces

plt.rcParams["figure.facecolor"] = "#ffffff"
plt.rcParams["axes.facecolor"] = "#ffffff"


# ------------------------------------------------------------------ MODELO
class Perceptron:
    """Perceptron de Rosenblatt, implementado unicamente con NumPy."""

    def __init__(self, input_size, learning_rate=0.1, epochs=100):
        self.lr = learning_rate
        self.epochs = epochs
        self.weights = np.zeros(input_size)
        self.bias = 0.0
        self.history = []  # (epoca, pesos, bias, errores) por epoca

    def activation_function(self, z):
        return 1 if z >= 0 else 0

    def predict(self, x):
        z = np.dot(x, self.weights) + self.bias
        return self.activation_function(z)

    def fit(self, X, y):
        self.history = [(0, self.weights.copy(), self.bias, None)]
        converged_at = None
        for epoch in range(1, self.epochs + 1):
            total_errors = 0
            for xi, target in zip(X, y):
                prediction = self.predict(xi)
                error = target - prediction
                if error != 0:
                    self.weights = self.weights + self.lr * error * xi
                    self.bias = self.bias + self.lr * error
                    total_errors += 1
            self.history.append((epoch, self.weights.copy(), self.bias, total_errors))
            if total_errors == 0 and converged_at is None:
                converged_at = epoch
                break
        self.converged_at = converged_at
        return self


GATES = {
    "AND": np.array([0, 0, 0, 1]),
    "OR": np.array([0, 1, 1, 1]),
    "XOR": np.array([0, 1, 1, 0]),
}
X = np.array([[0, 0], [0, 1], [1, 0], [1, 1]])

COLOR_C0, COLOR_C1, COLOR_ACCENT, COLOR_DIM = "#1a5fb4", "#c1440e", "#0a8f78", "#d9d0bd"


@spaces.GPU()
def entrenar(gate_name, lr, max_epochs):
    # El entrenamiento en si es puro NumPy en CPU -- este decorador solo
    # existe para satisfacer el requisito de arranque de ZeroGPU en el
    # plan gratuito de Hugging Face Spaces (no cambia el algoritmo).
    y = GATES[gate_name]
    p = Perceptron(input_size=2, learning_rate=lr, epochs=int(max_epochs))
    p.fit(X, y)
    return p.history, p.converged_at


def fig_frontera(snapshot, y):
    _, w, b, _ = snapshot
    fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(4.3, 4.3))
    for clase, color, marcador in [(0, COLOR_C0, "o"), (1, COLOR_C1, "s")]:
        mascara = y == clase
        ax.scatter(X[mascara, 0], X[mascara, 1], c=color, marker=marcador,
                   s=280, edgecolors="white", linewidths=2, zorder=3, label=f"clase {clase}")
    x1_vals = np.linspace(-0.5, 1.5, 100)
    if abs(w[1]) > 1e-9:
        ax.plot(x1_vals, -(w[0] * x1_vals + b) / w[1], "--", color=COLOR_ACCENT, linewidth=2.5)
    elif abs(w[0]) > 1e-9:
        ax.axvline(-b / w[0], linestyle="--", color=COLOR_ACCENT, linewidth=2.5)
    ax.set_xlim(-0.5, 1.5); ax.set_ylim(-0.5, 1.5)
    ax.set_xlabel("x1"); ax.set_ylabel("x2")
    ax.set_title("Frontera de decisión")
    ax.grid(alpha=0.25)
    ax.legend(loc="upper left", bbox_to_anchor=(1.02, 1), frameon=False)
    fig.tight_layout()
    return fig


def fig_convergencia(history, epoca_actual):
    epocas = [h[0] for h in history[1:]]
    errores = [h[3] for h in history[1:]]
    colores = [COLOR_ACCENT if e == epoca_actual else COLOR_DIM for e in epocas]
    fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(4.6, 4.3))
    ax.bar(epocas, errores, color=colores, width=0.8)
    ax.set_xlabel("Época"); ax.set_ylabel("Errores")
    ax.set_ylim(0, max(4, max(errores) if errores else 4))
    ax.set_title("Convergencia — errores por época")
    ax.grid(alpha=0.25, axis="y")
    fig.tight_layout()
    return fig


def texto_metricas(snapshot):
    _, w, b, errores = snapshot
    errores_txt = "–" if errores is None else str(errores)
    return (
        f"| Peso w₁ | Peso w₂ | Sesgo b | Errores esta época |\n"
        f"|---|---|---|---|\n"
        f"| **{w[0]:.2f}** | **{w[1]:.2f}** | **{b:.2f}** | **{errores_txt}** |\n"
    )


def texto_ecuacion(snapshot):
    _, w, b, _ = snapshot
    return f"```\nz = {w[0]:.2f}·x1 + {w[1]:.2f}·x2 + ({b:.2f})\n```"


def texto_veredicto(history, converged_at, epoca_idx, gate, max_epochs):
    snapshot = history[epoca_idx]
    errores = snapshot[3]
    total_epocas = len(history) - 1
    if converged_at is not None and snapshot[0] >= converged_at:
        return f"### ✅ Convergió\nEl Perceptrón encontró una frontera que separa las dos clases sin errores en la época **{converged_at}**. La compuerta **{gate}** es linealmente separable."
    if epoca_idx == total_epocas and converged_at is None:
        return (
            f"### ❌ No converge\nTras **{int(max_epochs)}** épocas, el error sigue sin llegar a cero "
            f"(quedó en {errores}). **{gate}** no es linealmente separable — no existe ninguna recta que "
            "separe sus dos clases, por eso el Perceptrón simple oscila indefinidamente en vez de converger."
        )
    return f"### ⏳ Entrenando…\nÉpoca **{snapshot[0]}** de {int(max_epochs)} — {errores} error(es) en esta pasada."


def tabla_lr(gate):
    filas = []
    for lr_cmp in [0.1, 0.01]:
        hist_cmp, conv_cmp = entrenar(gate, lr_cmp, 300)
        ultima = hist_cmp[-1]
        filas.append([
            lr_cmp,
            conv_cmp if conv_cmp is not None else "> 300 (no converge)",
            round(float(ultima[1][0]), 2),
            round(float(ultima[1][1]), 2),
            round(float(ultima[2]), 2),
        ])
    return filas


# ------------------------------------------------------------------ CALLBACKS
def on_params_change(gate, lr, max_epochs):
    history, converged_at = entrenar(gate, lr, max_epochs)
    total_epocas = len(history) - 1
    snapshot = history[-1]
    return (
        history, converged_at,
        gr.update(minimum=0, maximum=total_epocas, value=total_epocas),
        fig_frontera(snapshot, GATES[gate]),
        fig_convergencia(history, snapshot[0]),
        texto_metricas(snapshot),
        texto_ecuacion(snapshot),
        texto_veredicto(history, converged_at, total_epocas, gate, max_epochs),
        tabla_lr(gate),
        f"### Efecto de la tasa de aprendizaje — {gate}",
    )


def on_epoch_change(history, converged_at, epoca_idx, gate, max_epochs):
    epoca_idx = int(epoca_idx)
    snapshot = history[epoca_idx]
    return (
        fig_frontera(snapshot, GATES[gate]),
        fig_convergencia(history, snapshot[0]),
        texto_metricas(snapshot),
        texto_ecuacion(snapshot),
        texto_veredicto(history, converged_at, epoca_idx, gate, max_epochs),
    )


# ------------------------------------------------------------------ UI
TEORIA_MD = """
| Suma ponderada | Activación (escalón) | Regla de aprendizaje |
|---|---|---|
| `z = w1·x1 + w2·x2 + b` | `ŷ = 1 si z≥0, si no 0` | `w += η·e·x`  `b += η·e` |
"""

with gr.Blocks(title="Simulador del Perceptrón") as demo:
    gr.Markdown("# 🧠 Simulador del Perceptrón")
    gr.Markdown("Rosenblatt · 1958 · Mark I Perceptron — la misma clase `Perceptron` en NumPy del notebook, corriendo en vivo.")

    with gr.Accordion("📐 El modelo matemático", open=False):
        gr.Markdown(TEORIA_MD)

    with gr.Row():
        gate_radio = gr.Radio(list(GATES.keys()), value="AND", label="Compuerta lógica")
        lr_dropdown = gr.Dropdown([0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5], value=0.1, label="Tasa de aprendizaje (η)")
        epochs_number = gr.Number(value=100, minimum=5, maximum=300, step=5, label="Épocas máx.")

    epoch_slider = gr.Slider(minimum=0, maximum=4, value=4, step=1, label="Época")

    with gr.Row():
        plot_frontera = gr.Plot(label="Frontera de decisión")
        plot_convergencia = gr.Plot(label="Convergencia")

    metricas_md = gr.Markdown()
    ecuacion_md = gr.Markdown()
    veredicto_md = gr.Markdown()

    lr_titulo_md = gr.Markdown("### Efecto de la tasa de aprendizaje — AND")
    lr_tabla = gr.Dataframe(
        headers=["η", "Épocas hasta converger", "w1", "w2", "bias"],
        interactive=False,
    )

    gr.Markdown("Mismo algoritmo que `ANALISIS_PERCEPTRON.ipynb` — Taller de Inteligencia Artificial, Perceptrón de Rosenblatt.")

    history_state = gr.State()
    converged_state = gr.State()

    params_outputs = [
        history_state, converged_state, epoch_slider,
        plot_frontera, plot_convergencia, metricas_md, ecuacion_md, veredicto_md,
        lr_tabla, lr_titulo_md,
    ]
    gate_radio.change(on_params_change, [gate_radio, lr_dropdown, epochs_number], params_outputs)
    lr_dropdown.change(on_params_change, [gate_radio, lr_dropdown, epochs_number], params_outputs)
    epochs_number.change(on_params_change, [gate_radio, lr_dropdown, epochs_number], params_outputs)

    epoch_slider.change(
        on_epoch_change,
        [history_state, converged_state, epoch_slider, gate_radio, epochs_number],
        [plot_frontera, plot_convergencia, metricas_md, ecuacion_md, veredicto_md],
    )

    demo.load(on_params_change, [gate_radio, lr_dropdown, epochs_number], params_outputs)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    demo.launch(theme=gr.themes.Soft(primary_hue="teal"))