import re

def extract_video_id(url: str) -> str:
    patterns = [
        r"v=([a-zA-Z0-9_-]{11})",
        r"youtu\.be/([a-zA-Z0-9_-]{11})",
        r"shorts/([a-zA-Z0-9_-]{11})"
    ]

    for p in patterns:
        m = re.search(p, url)
        if m:
            return m.group(1)

    raise ValueError("Invalid YouTube URL")