"""
Feature extraction module for skill classification.

This module provides functions to extract features from the SkillScope dataset,
starting with TF-IDF vectorization of textual data from pull request issues.

Dataset Information (from nlbse_tool_competition_data_by_issue):
- 7,154 issues from 11 Java repositories
        - 226 total columns:
            - 2 text columns: 'issue text' (title) and 'issue description' (body)
            - metadata and other columns containing PR/file/context information
            - 217 label columns: domain/subdomain skill labels (142 active labels in this DB)

Label Characteristics:
- Multi-label classification problem
- Average 32.9 labels per issue (median: 31)
- Highly imbalanced: some labels appear in all issues, others in very few
- Top labels: Language, Data Structure, DevOps, Error Handling
"""

from pathlib import Path
import re
import sqlite3
from typing import Optional, Tuple

import joblib

# Import per lo Stemming
from nltk.stem import PorterStemmer
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
from sklearn.feature_extraction.text import TfidfVectorizer

from hopcroft_skill_classification_tool_competition.config import (
    MODELS_DIR,
    PROCESSED_DATA_DIR,
    RAW_DATA_DIR,
)

# Inizializza lo stemmer una volta per efficienza
stemmer = PorterStemmer()


def clean_github_text(text: str, use_stemming: bool = True) -> str:
    """
    Clean GitHub issue text as per SkillScope paper (Aracena et al. process).
    Removes emojis, URLs, HTML tags, and other noise commonly found in GitHub text.
    Optionally applies stemming.

    Args:
        text: Raw text from GitHub issue
        use_stemming: If True, apply Porter stemming (recommended for TF-IDF).
                     If False, keep original words (recommended for Embeddings/LLMs).

    Returns:
        Cleaned text string (stemmed if use_stemming=True)
    """
    if pd.isna(text) or text is None:
        return ""

    text = str(text)

    # Remove URLs (http/httpss/www)
    text = re.sub(r"http\S+|www\.\S+", "", text)

    # Remove HTML tags
    text = re.sub(r"<[^>]+>", "", text)

    # Remove markdown code blocks
    text = re.sub(r"```[\s\S]*?```", "", text)

    # Remove inline code
    text = re.sub(r"`[^`]*`", "", text)

    # Remove emojis and non-ASCII characters
    text = text.encode("ascii", "ignore").decode("ascii")

    # Remove extra whitespace
    text = re.sub(r"\s+", " ", text)

    text = text.strip()

    # Stemming condizionale: solo per TF-IDF, non per Embeddings
    if use_stemming:
        try:
            tokens = text.split()
            stemmed_tokens = [stemmer.stem(token) for token in tokens]
            text = " ".join(stemmed_tokens)
        except Exception as e:
            print(f"Warning: Stemming failed for text snippet '{text[:50]}...'. Error: {e}")
            # Ritorna il testo pulito ma non stemmato in caso di errore
            return text.strip()

    return text


def get_dataset_info(df: pd.DataFrame) -> dict:
    """
    Get summary information about the dataset.

    Args:
        df: Input dataframe

    Returns:
        Dictionary containing dataset statistics
    """
    text_cols = get_text_columns(df)
    label_cols = get_label_columns(df)

    # Convert to binary labels
    binary_labels = (df[label_cols] > 0).astype(int)
    labels_per_issue = binary_labels.sum(axis=1)
    issues_per_label = binary_labels.sum(axis=0)

    info = {
        "total_issues": len(df),
        "total_columns": len(df.columns),
        "text_columns": text_cols,
        "num_text_columns": len(text_cols),
        "label_columns": label_cols,
        "num_labels": len(label_cols),
        "avg_labels_per_issue": labels_per_issue.mean(),
        "median_labels_per_issue": labels_per_issue.median(),
        "max_labels_per_issue": labels_per_issue.max(),
        "min_labels_per_issue": labels_per_issue.min(),
        "avg_issues_per_label": issues_per_label.mean(),
        "labels_with_no_issues": (issues_per_label == 0).sum(),
    }

    return info


def load_data_from_db(db_path: Optional[Path] = None) -> pd.DataFrame:
    """
    Load data from the SQLite database.

    Args:
        db_path: Path to the SQLite database file.
                 If None, uses default path in data/raw/skillscope_data.db

    Returns:
        DataFrame containing the nlbse_tool_competition_data_by_issue table
    """
    if db_path is None:
        db_path = RAW_DATA_DIR / "skillscope_data.db"

    conn = sqlite3.connect(db_path)

    # Load the main table
    query = "SELECT * FROM nlbse_tool_competition_data_by_issue"
    df = pd.read_sql_query(query, conn)

    conn.close()

    print(f"Loaded {len(df)} records from database")
    return df


def get_text_columns(df: pd.DataFrame) -> list:
    """
    Identify text columns in the dataframe (typically issue title, body, etc.).

    Args:
        df: Input dataframe

    Returns:
        List of column names containing textual data
    """
    # Text columns from SkillScope database schema
    # Based on exploration: issue text (title) and issue description (body)
    text_cols = ["issue text", "issue description"]

    return [col for col in text_cols if col in df.columns]


def get_label_columns(df: pd.DataFrame) -> list:
    """
    Identify label columns (domains/subdomains with API counts).

    Args:
        df: Input dataframe

    Returns:
        List of column names containing labels
    """
    # Metadata columns to exclude from labels
    # Based on exploration: these are not skill labels
    exclude_cols = [
        "Repo Name",
        "PR #",
        "issue text",
        "issue description",
        "created_at",
        "author_name",
    ]

    # Label columns are numeric but not metadata. Use pandas is_numeric_dtype
    # to be robust to dtype representations.
    from pandas.api.types import is_numeric_dtype

    label_cols = [
        col for col in df.columns if col not in exclude_cols and is_numeric_dtype(df[col])
    ]

    return label_cols


def combine_text_fields(
    df: pd.DataFrame, text_columns: list, use_stemming: bool = True
) -> pd.Series:
    """
    Combine multiple text fields into a single text representation.
    Applies text cleaning as per SkillScope paper.

    Args:
        df: Input dataframe
        text_columns: List of column names to combine
        use_stemming: If True, apply stemming (for TF-IDF). If False, keep original words (for Embeddings).

    Returns:
        Series containing cleaned and combined text for each row
    """
    # Apply cleaning to each text column and then combine
    combined_text = (
        df[text_columns]
        .fillna("")
        .astype(str)
        .apply(
            lambda x: " ".join(
                x.map(lambda text: clean_github_text(text, use_stemming=use_stemming))
            ),
            axis=1,
        )
    )
    return combined_text


def extract_tfidf_features(
    df: pd.DataFrame,
    text_columns: Optional[list] = None,
    max_features: Optional[int] = 2000,
    min_df: int = 2,
    max_df: float = 0.95,
    ngram_range: Tuple[int, int] = (1, 2),
) -> Tuple[np.ndarray, TfidfVectorizer]:
    """
    Extract TF-IDF features from textual data.

    Args:
        df: Input dataframe
        text_columns: List of text columns to use. If None, auto-detect.
        max_features: Maximum number of features to extract (default: 2000 for balanced sparsity)
        min_df: Minimum document frequency for a term to be included
        max_df: Maximum document frequency (ignore terms appearing in >max_df of docs)
        ngram_range: Range of n-grams to consider (e.g., (1,2) for unigrams and bigrams)

    Returns:
        Tuple of (feature matrix, fitted vectorizer)
    """
    if text_columns is None:
        text_columns = get_text_columns(df)

    if not text_columns:
        raise ValueError("No text columns found in dataframe")

    # Combine text fields (with stemming for TF-IDF)
    print(f"Combining text from columns: {text_columns}")
    combined_text = combine_text_fields(df, text_columns, use_stemming=True)

    # Initialize TF-IDF vectorizer
    vectorizer = TfidfVectorizer(
        max_features=max_features,
        min_df=min_df,
        max_df=max_df,
        ngram_range=ngram_range,
        stop_words="english",
        lowercase=True,
        strip_accents="unicode",
    )

    # Fit and transform
    print(
        f"Extracting TF-IDF features with max_features={max_features if max_features else 'All'}, "
        f"ngram_range={ngram_range}"
    )
    tfidf_matrix = vectorizer.fit_transform(combined_text)

    print(
        f"Extracted {tfidf_matrix.shape[1]} TF-IDF features from {tfidf_matrix.shape[0]} samples"
    )

    return tfidf_matrix.toarray(), vectorizer


def extract_embedding_features(
    df: pd.DataFrame,
    text_columns: Optional[list] = None,
    model_name: str = "all-MiniLM-L6-v2",
    batch_size: int = 32,
) -> Tuple[np.ndarray, object]:
    """
    Extract LLM embeddings from textual data using Sentence Transformers.

    Args:
        df: Input dataframe
        text_columns: List of text columns to use. If None, auto-detect.
        model_name: Name of the pre-trained model to use
        batch_size: Batch size for encoding

    Returns:
        Tuple of (feature matrix, model object)
    """
    try:
        from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer
    except ImportError as e:
        raise ImportError(
            f"sentence-transformers import failed: {e}. Try running: pip install sentence-transformers"
        ) from e

    if text_columns is None:
        text_columns = get_text_columns(df)

    if not text_columns:
        raise ValueError("No text columns found in dataframe")

    # Combine text fields (without stemming for embeddings - LLMs need full words)
    print(f"Combining text from columns: {text_columns}")
    combined_text = combine_text_fields(df, text_columns, use_stemming=False)

    # Load model
    print(f"Loading embedding model: {model_name}")
    model = SentenceTransformer(model_name)

    # Encode
    print(f"Extracting embeddings for {len(combined_text)} samples...")
    embeddings = model.encode(
        combined_text.tolist(),
        batch_size=batch_size,
        show_progress_bar=True,
        convert_to_numpy=True,
    )

    print(f"Extracted embeddings shape: {embeddings.shape}")

    return embeddings, model


def prepare_labels(df: pd.DataFrame, label_columns: Optional[list] = None) -> pd.DataFrame:
    """
    Prepare multi-label binary matrix from label columns.

    Args:
        df: Input dataframe
        label_columns: List of label columns. If None, auto-detect.

    Returns:
        DataFrame with binary labels (1 if label present, 0 otherwise)
    """
    if label_columns is None:
        label_columns = get_label_columns(df)

    # Convert to binary: any value > 0 means label is present
    labels = (df[label_columns] > 0).astype(int)

    print(f"Prepared {len(label_columns)} labels")
    print(f"Label distribution:\n{labels.sum().describe()}")

    return labels


def create_feature_dataset(
    db_path: Optional[Path] = None,
    save_processed: bool = True,
    feature_type: str = "tfidf",  # 'tfidf' or 'embedding'
    model_name: str = "all-MiniLM-L6-v2",
) -> Tuple[np.ndarray, pd.DataFrame, list, list]:
    """
    Main function to create the complete feature dataset.

    Args:
        db_path: Path to SQLite database
        save_processed: Whether to save processed data to disk
        feature_type: Type of features to extract ('tfidf' or 'embedding')
        model_name: Model name for embeddings (ignored if feature_type='tfidf')

    Returns:
        Tuple of (features, labels, feature_names, label_names)
    """
    # Load data
    df = load_data_from_db(db_path)

    # Get dataset info
    info = get_dataset_info(df)
    print("\n=== Dataset Information ===")
    print(f"Total issues: {info['total_issues']:,}")
    print(f"Text columns: {info['text_columns']}")
    print(f"Number of labels: {info['num_labels']}")
    print(f"Avg labels per issue: {info['avg_labels_per_issue']:.2f}")
    print(f"Labels with no issues: {info['labels_with_no_issues']}")

    # Extract features
    text_columns = get_text_columns(df)
    label_columns = get_label_columns(df)

    feature_names = []

    vectorizer = None

    if feature_type == "tfidf":
        features, vectorizer = extract_tfidf_features(df, text_columns=text_columns)
        feature_names = vectorizer.get_feature_names_out()
    elif feature_type == "embedding":
        features, _ = extract_embedding_features(
            df, text_columns=text_columns, model_name=model_name
        )
        feature_names = [f"emb_{i}" for i in range(features.shape[1])]
    else:
        raise ValueError(f"Unknown feature_type: {feature_type}")

    # Prepare labels
    labels = prepare_labels(df, label_columns)

    # Save processed data
    if save_processed:
        # Path: processed/{feature_type}/
        output_dir = PROCESSED_DATA_DIR / feature_type
        output_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)

        features_path = output_dir / f"features_{feature_type}.npy"
        labels_path = output_dir / f"labels_{feature_type}.npy"

        np.save(features_path, features)
        np.save(labels_path, labels.values)

        print(f"\nSaved processed data to {output_dir}")
        print(f"  - {features_path.name}: {features.shape}")
        print(f"  - {labels_path.name}: {labels.shape}")

        # Save vectorizer and label names to models/ directory for inference
        MODELS_DIR.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)

        if feature_type == "tfidf" and vectorizer is not None:
            vectorizer_path = MODELS_DIR / "tfidf_vectorizer.pkl"
            joblib.dump(vectorizer, vectorizer_path)
            print(f"  - Saved TF-IDF vectorizer to: {vectorizer_path}")

        # Always save label names (needed for both tfidf and embedding inference)
        label_names_path = MODELS_DIR / "label_names.pkl"
        joblib.dump(label_columns, label_names_path)
        print(f"  - Saved {len(label_columns)} label names to: {label_names_path}")

    return features, labels, feature_names, label_columns


def load_processed_data(
    feature_name: str = "tfidf", data_dir: Optional[Path] = None
) -> Tuple[np.ndarray, np.ndarray]:
    """
    Load processed features and labels from disk.

    Args:
        feature_name: Name prefix of the features to load (e.g., 'tfidf', 'bow', 'embeddings')
        data_dir: Path to processed data directory. If None, uses default.

    Returns:
        Tuple of (features, labels)
    """
    if data_dir is None:
        data_dir = PROCESSED_DATA_DIR

    features_path = data_dir / f"features_{feature_name}.npy"
    labels_path = data_dir / f"labels_{feature_name}.npy"

    features = np.load(features_path)
    labels = np.load(labels_path)

    print(f"Loaded processed data from {data_dir}")
    print(f"  - Feature type: {feature_name}")
    print(f"  - Features shape: {features.shape}")
    print(f"  - Labels shape: {labels.shape}")

    return features, labels


if __name__ == "__main__":
    features, labels, feature_names, label_names = create_feature_dataset(feature_type="embedding")

    print("\n=== Feature Extraction Summary ===")
    print(f"Features shape: {features.shape}")
    print(f"Labels shape: {labels.shape}")
    print(f"Number of feature names: {len(feature_names)}")
    print(f"Number of labels: {len(label_names)}")