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---
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title: Denali AI
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short_description: Vision-Language Models for Garment Classification
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---
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# Denali AI β Vision-Language Models for Garment Classification
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<div align="center">
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**Advancing structured attribute extraction from garment images through multi-stage reinforcement learning**
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[](https://huggingface.co/Denali-AI)
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[](https://huggingface.co/datasets/Denali-AI/eval-hard-3500)
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[](https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0)
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[](https://huggingface.co/Denali-AI/qwen3-vl-2b-sft-grpo-v9)
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</div>
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---
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## Abstract
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Denali AI develops and benchmarks vision-language models (VLMs) for **structured garment attribute extraction** β the task of analyzing a garment image and producing a complete JSON object describing 9 key attributes: type, color, pattern, neckline, sleeve length, closure, brand, size, and defect type.
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We systematically evaluate the impact of **supervised fine-tuning (SFT)**, **Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO)**, and **Group-relative Trajectory-based Policy Optimization (GTPO)** across multiple model architectures (Qwen3-VL, Qwen3.5-VL, InternVL3, Florence-2) and scales (0.8B to 122B parameters). Our best model, **Qwen3-VL-2B SFT+GRPO v9**, achieves **89.5% weighted score** with **100% JSON parse rate** on the eval_hard_3500 benchmark.
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---
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## Leaderboard
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| Rank | Model | Architecture | Params | Training | Weighted | SBERT+NLI | JSON% | Throughput |
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|:----:|-------|-------------|:------:|----------|:--------:|:---------:|:-----:|:----------:|
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| 1 | **[Qwen3-VL-2B SFT+GRPO v9](https://huggingface.co/Denali-AI/qwen3-vl-2b-sft-grpo-v9)** | Qwen3-VL | 2B | SFT+GRPO | **89.5%** | 78.5% | 100% | 15.9/s |
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| 2 | [InternVL3-2B GRPO+GTPO Full](https://huggingface.co/Denali-AI/internvl3-2b-grpo-gtpo-full) | InternVL3 | 2B | GRPO+GTPO | **72.7%** | 64.3% | 100% | 11.8/s |
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| 3 | [InternVL3-2B GRPO+GTPO FP8](https://huggingface.co/Denali-AI/internvl3-2b-grpo-gtpo-fp8) | InternVL3 | 2B | GRPO+GTPO | **72.2%** | 63.8% | 100% | 14.3/s |
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| 4 | [Qwen3.5-2B SFT+GRPO+GTPO v8](https://huggingface.co/Denali-AI/qwen35-2b-sft-grpo-gtpo-merged) | Qwen3.5-VL | 2B | SFT+GRPO+GTPO | **65.3%** | 60.1% | 100% | 11.3/s |
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| 5 | [Qwen3.5-2B SFT v7](https://huggingface.co/Denali-AI/qwen35-2b-sft-merged) | Qwen3.5-VL | 2B | SFT | **63.7%** | 58.9% | 100% | 11.6/s |
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| 6 | [Qwen3.5-35B GPTQ-Int4](https://huggingface.co/Denali-AI/qwen35-35b-a3b-gptq-int4) | Qwen3.5 MoE | 35B (3B) | Zero-shot | **50.7%** | 48.7% | 14% | 1.6/s |
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| 7 | Qwen3.5-9B NVFP4 v10 | Qwen3.5-VL | 9B | Zero-shot | **47.0%** | 46.0% | 8% | 1.7/s |
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| 8 | Qwen3.5-2B NVFP4 v10 | Qwen3.5-VL | 2B | Zero-shot | **42.9%** | 42.9% | 0% | 4.0/s |
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---
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## Task Definition
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Given a single garment image, the model must extract **9 structured attributes** as a valid JSON object:
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```json
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{
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"type": "t-shirt",
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"color": "navy blue",
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"pattern": "solid",
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"neckline": "crew neck",
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"sleeve_length": "short sleeve",
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"closure": "pullover",
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"brand": "Nike",
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"size": "M",
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"defect_type": "small hole on left shoulder"
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}
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```
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### Field Importance Weights
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Not all fields are equally important. The weighted score uses domain-specific multipliers:
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| Field | Weight | Rationale |
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|-------|:------:|-----------|
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| **Type** | 2.5x | Critical for inventory routing and categorization |
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| **Defect** | 2.0x | Directly impacts quality control and pricing |
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| **Brand** | 1.5x | Essential for authentication and valuation |
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| **Size** | 1.5x | Required for accurate listing and search |
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| Color, Pattern, Neckline, Sleeve, Closure | 1.0x | Standard descriptive attributes |
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---
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## Key Results
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### Per-Field Performance
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### Accuracy vs Throughput
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**Key finding:** Qwen3-VL-2B v9 achieves the best accuracy-throughput trade-off at 89.5% weighted score and 15.9 samples/s β making it the Pareto-optimal choice for production deployment.
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### Structured Output Reliability
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Fine-tuned models achieve **100% JSON parse rate**, while zero-shot baselines (GPTQ, NVFP4) fail to produce valid JSON in 86-100% of cases. This demonstrates that **SFT is essential** for teaching structured output format, regardless of model scale.
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### Impact of Training Stages
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**Left panel:** Adding GRPO+GTPO to Qwen3.5-2B improves brand recognition from 15.6% to 24.8% and defect detection from 89.5% to 95.1%, with a +1.6% overall gain.
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**Right panel:** FP8 quantization of InternVL3-2B shows <1% accuracy degradation across all fields while reducing memory footprint, confirming FP8 as a practical deployment optimization.
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---
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## Model Collections
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### By Architecture
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| Collection | Models | Description |
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|------------|:------:|-------------|
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| [**Qwen3-VL**](https://huggingface.co/collections/Denali-AI/qwen3-vl-models-69c70950fca01f437228c29b) | 1 | Top-performing Qwen3-VL based models |
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| [**Qwen3.5-VL**](https://huggingface.co/collections/Denali-AI/qwen35-vl-models-69c70802ab21ae73a116cc92) | 7 | Qwen3.5-VL models (0.8B to 122B) |
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| [**InternVL3**](https://huggingface.co/collections/Denali-AI/internvl3-models-69c70803ab21ae73a116cca2) | 5 | InternVL3 models (1B, 2B) |
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| [**Florence-2**](https://huggingface.co/collections/Denali-AI/florence-2-models-69c70802f1456fd2264216e8) | 3 | Florence-2 encoder-decoder models |
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| [**Benchmarks**](https://huggingface.co/collections/Denali-AI/benchmarks-and-datasets-69c708037d77aba79963c1a7) | 2 | Evaluation and training datasets |
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---
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## Training Pipeline
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All fine-tuned models follow the **Denali-AI Multi-Stage RL Pipeline**:
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```
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βββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ
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β Denali-AI Training Pipeline β
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βββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ
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β
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βββββββββββββββββββββββΌββββββββββββββββββββββ
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βΌ βΌ βΌ
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ββββββββββββ ββββββββββββββββ ββββββββββββββββ
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β Stage 1 β β Stage 2 β β Stage 3 β
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β SFT βββββββββΆβ GRPO βββββββΆβ GTPO β
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β (LoRA) β β (Rewards) β β (Trajectory) β
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ββββββββββββ ββββββββββββββββ ββββββββββββββββ
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β β β
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JSON format Field accuracy Coherence &
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acquisition optimization regularization
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```
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### Stage 1: Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT)
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- **Method:** LoRA (r=16, alpha=32) on frozen base model
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- **Data:** [train-10k-balanced-v3](https://huggingface.co/datasets/Denali-AI/train-10k-balanced-v3) β 10,000 curated samples
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- **Objective:** Teach valid JSON output format and basic field extraction
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- **Key outcome:** 100% JSON parse rate
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### Stage 2: Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO)
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- **Method:** Reward-based RL without a critic model
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- **Reward engine:** 3-layer scoring system
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- Layer 1: JSON validity gate (binary)
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- Layer 2: Structural correctness (20% weight)
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- Layer 3: Per-field content accuracy (80% weight)
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- **Key outcome:** Improved field-level accuracy, especially for challenging fields
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### Stage 3: Group-relative Trajectory-based Policy Optimization (GTPO)
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- **Method:** Conflict-aware gradient optimization with entropy regularization
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- **Key outcome:** Trajectory-level coherence and reduced field-level conflicts
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---
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## Evaluation Methodology
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### Benchmark
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All models are evaluated on [**eval_hard_3500**](https://huggingface.co/datasets/Denali-AI/eval-hard-3500) β a curated benchmark of 3,500 challenging garment images selected for diversity in:
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- Garment type (tops, bottoms, dresses, outerwear, accessories)
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- Visual complexity (patterns, prints, multi-color)
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- Edge cases (ambiguous attributes, partially visible labels)
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### Metrics
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We employ a **comprehensive multi-metric evaluation framework** rather than relying on exact match:
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| Metric | Model | Description |
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|--------|-------|-------------|
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| **SBERT Cosine** | all-MiniLM-L6-v2 | Semantic similarity via sentence embeddings |
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| **NLI Score** | nli-MiniLM2-L6-H768 | Natural language inference entailment |
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| **Levenshtein Ratio** | β | Fuzzy string matching distance |
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| **Token F1** | β | Token-level precision and recall |
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| **SBERT+NLI Combined** | β | Primary metric: average of SBERT cosine and NLI |
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| **Weighted Score** | β | Field-weighted aggregate (see weights above) |
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This multi-metric approach captures semantic similarity rather than requiring exact string matches, which is critical for fields like color ("navy blue" vs "dark blue") and defect descriptions.
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### Evaluation Protocol
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- **Inference:** 8 concurrent workers via OpenAI-compatible API (vLLM)
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- **Samples:** All 3,500 samples, no subsampling
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- **Compute:** NVIDIA RTX PRO 6000 Blackwell (98 GB VRAM)
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- **Reproducibility:** Fixed prompts, deterministic sampling (temperature=0)
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---
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## Key Findings
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1. **Architecture matters more than scale.** The 2B Qwen3-VL (89.5%) outperforms the 35B Qwen3.5 MoE (50.7%) by a wide margin, largely due to the zero-shot model's inability to produce valid JSON.
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2. **SFT is non-negotiable for structured output.** All fine-tuned models achieve 100% JSON parse rate; all zero-shot models fail at 0-14%. No amount of model scale compensates for the lack of format training.
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3. **RL provides meaningful but modest gains.** GRPO+GTPO adds +1.6% weighted score over SFT-only for Qwen3.5-2B, with the largest gains on brand (+9.2pp) and defect (+5.6pp).
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4. **FP8 quantization is effectively free.** InternVL3-2B loses <1% accuracy with FP8, while gaining 21% throughput improvement (11.8 vs 14.3 samples/s).
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5. **Brand and size are the hardest fields.** Even the best model (v9) achieves only 89.3% on brand and 95.8% on size, while defect detection reaches 97.2%.
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---
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## Datasets
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| Dataset | Samples | Purpose | Link |
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|---------|:-------:|---------|------|
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| **eval_hard_3500** | 3,500 | Evaluation benchmark (hard subset) | [Link](https://huggingface.co/datasets/Denali-AI/eval-hard-3500) |
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| **train_10k_balanced_v3** | 10,000 | Training data (balanced sampling) | [Link](https://huggingface.co/datasets/Denali-AI/train-10k-balanced-v3) |
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| 221 |
+
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| 222 |
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---
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+
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## Citation
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| 225 |
+
|
| 226 |
+
```bibtex
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| 227 |
+
@misc{denali-ai-2026,
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| 228 |
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title={Structured Garment Attribute Extraction via Multi-Stage Reinforcement Learning},
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| 229 |
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author={Denali AI},
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| 230 |
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year={2026},
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| 231 |
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publisher={HuggingFace},
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url={https://huggingface.co/Denali-AI}
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| 233 |
+
}
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+
```
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| 235 |
+
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## License
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| 237 |
+
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| 238 |
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All models and datasets are released under the [Apache 2.0 License](https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0).
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| 239 |
+
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## Contact
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| 241 |
+
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- **Organization:** [Denali Advanced Integration](https://denaliai.com)
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- **Issues:** [GitHub](https://github.com/Denali-AI)
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- **HuggingFace:** [Denali-AI](https://huggingface.co/Denali-AI)
|