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"schema_version": "1.0",
"level": "genus",
"genus": "Acidaminococcus",
"overview": {
"short": "Acidaminococcus species are Gram-negative, anaerobic cocci belonging to the class Negativicutes, characterized by amino acid fermentation rather than carbohydrate metabolism.",
"clinical_context": "Part of the normal gastrointestinal flora and occasionally isolated from polymicrobial anaerobic infections."
},
"expected_fields": {
"Gram Stain": "Negative",
"Shape": "Cocci",
"Motility": "Negative",
"Capsule": "Unknown",
"Spore Formation": "Negative",
"Haemolysis": "Negative",
"Haemolysis Type": "None",
"Media Grown On": [
"Blood Agar"
],
"Colony Morphology": [
"Small",
"Grey",
"Convex"
],
"Oxygen Requirement": "Obligate Anaerobe",
"Growth Temperature": "35//37",
"Catalase": "Negative",
"Oxidase": "Negative",
"Indole": "Negative",
"Urease": "Negative",
"Citrate": "Negative",
"Methyl Red": "Negative",
"VP": "Negative",
"H2S": "Negative",
"DNase": "Negative",
"ONPG": "Negative",
"Coagulase": "Negative",
"Gelatin Hydrolysis": "Negative",
"Esculin Hydrolysis": "Negative",
"Nitrate Reduction": "Negative",
"NaCl Tolerant (>=6%)": "Negative",
"Lipase Test": "Negative",
"Lysine Decarboxylase": "Negative",
"Ornithine Decarboxylase": "Negative",
"Ornitihine Decarboxylase": "Negative",
"Arginine dihydrolase": "Negative",
"Glucose Fermentation": "Negative",
"Lactose Fermentation": "Negative",
"Sucrose Fermentation": "Negative",
"Maltose Fermentation": "Negative",
"Mannitol Fermentation": "Negative",
"Sorbitol Fermentation": "Negative",
"Xylose Fermentation": "Negative",
"Rhamnose Fermentation": "Negative",
"Arabinose Fermentation": "Negative",
"Raffinose Fermentation": "Negative",
"Trehalose Fermentation": "Negative",
"Inositol Fermentation": "Negative",
"Gas Production": "Negative",
"TSI Pattern": "K/K",
"Colony Pattern": "Unknown",
"Pigment": "None",
"Motility Type": "None"
},
"field_notes": {
"Gram Stain": "Despite being Gram-negative, Acidaminococcus belongs to a lineage phylogenetically related to Gram-positive bacteria.",
"Glucose Fermentation": "Species do not ferment carbohydrates and instead utilize amino acids for energy.",
"Oxygen Requirement": "Strict anaerobiosis is a defining characteristic."
},
"key_differentiators": [
{
"field": "Oxygen Requirement",
"expected": "Obligate Anaerobe",
"distinguishes_from": ["Neisseria", "Veillonella"],
"notes": "Strict anaerobic growth separates Acidaminococcus from aerobic Gram-negative cocci."
},
{
"field": "Shape",
"expected": "Cocci",
"distinguishes_from": ["Bacteroides", "Fusobacterium"],
"notes": "Coccoid morphology helps differentiate from anaerobic Gram-negative rods."
},
{
"field": "Glucose Fermentation",
"expected": "Negative",
"distinguishes_from": ["Veillonella"],
"notes": "Lack of carbohydrate fermentation supports Acidaminococcus."
}
],
"common_confusions": [
{
"genus": "Veillonella",
"reason": "Both are anaerobic Gram-negative cocci isolated from similar clinical contexts."
},
{
"genus": "Megasphaera",
"reason": "Phylogenetic relatedness within Negativicutes."
}
],
"when_to_question_identification": [
"Aerobic or facultative growth argues against Acidaminococcus.",
"Carbohydrate fermentation suggests Veillonella.",
"Rod-shaped morphology excludes this genus."
],
"recommended_next_tests": [
{
"test": "Anaerobic growth confirmation",
"reason": "Essential for correct genus assignment."
},
{
"test": "Amino acid fermentation profiling",
"reason": "Characteristic metabolic feature of Acidaminococcus."
},
{
"test": "MALDI-TOF MS",
"reason": "Recommended due to biochemical inertness and rarity."
}
],
"supported_species": [
"fermentans",
"intestini"
]
} |