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{
"schema_version": "1.0",
"level": "genus",
"genus": "Aerococcus",
"overview": {
"short": "Aerococcus species are Gram-positive cocci that often appear in clusters or tetrads and resemble streptococci or staphylococci on initial examination.",
"clinical_context": "Associated with urinary tract infections, bacteremia, endocarditis, and invasive infections, particularly in elderly or immunocompromised patients."
},
"expected_fields": {
"Gram Stain": "Positive",
"Shape": "Cocci",
"Motility": "Negative",
"Capsule": "Variable",
"Spore Formation": "Negative",
"Haemolysis": "Variable",
"Haemolysis Type": "Variable",
"Media Grown On": [
"Blood Agar"
],
"Colony Morphology": [
"Small",
"Grey",
"Alpha-haemolytic or Non-haemolytic"
],
"Oxygen Requirement": "Facultative Anaerobe",
"Growth Temperature": "30//37",
"Catalase": "Negative",
"Oxidase": "Negative",
"Indole": "Negative",
"Urease": "Negative",
"Citrate": "Negative",
"Methyl Red": "Unknown",
"VP": "Unknown",
"H2S": "Negative",
"DNase": "Negative",
"ONPG": "Unknown",
"Coagulase": "Negative",
"Gelatin Hydrolysis": "Negative",
"Esculin Hydrolysis": "Negative",
"Nitrate Reduction": "Negative",
"NaCl Tolerant (>=6%)": "Negative",
"Lipase Test": "Negative",
"Lysine Decarboxylase": "Unknown",
"Ornithine Decarboxylase": "Unknown",
"Ornitihine Decarboxylase": "Unknown",
"Arginine dihydrolase": "Negative",
"Glucose Fermentation": "Positive",
"Lactose Fermentation": "Variable",
"Sucrose Fermentation": "Variable",
"Maltose Fermentation": "Variable",
"Mannitol Fermentation": "Negative",
"Sorbitol Fermentation": "Negative",
"Xylose Fermentation": "Negative",
"Rhamnose Fermentation": "Unknown",
"Arabinose Fermentation": "Negative",
"Raffinose Fermentation": "Unknown",
"Trehalose Fermentation": "Variable",
"Inositol Fermentation": "Negative",
"Gas Production": "Negative",
"TSI Pattern": "Unknown",
"Colony Pattern": "Unknown",
"Pigment": "None",
"Motility Type": "None"
},
"field_notes": {
"Catalase": "Typically catalase-negative, but weak or pseudo-positive reactions may occur.",
"Haemolysis": "Most species are alpha-haemolytic or non-haemolytic on blood agar.",
"Shape": "Often described as cocci in tetrads or clusters, which can mimic staphylococci."
},
"key_differentiators": [
{
"field": "Catalase",
"expected": "Negative",
"distinguishes_from": ["Staphylococcus"],
"notes": "Catalase negativity helps separate Aerococcus from staphylococci."
},
{
"field": "NaCl Tolerant (>=6%)",
"expected": "Negative",
"distinguishes_from": ["Enterococcus"],
"notes": "Lack of growth in high salt differentiates Aerococcus from enterococci."
},
{
"field": "Haemolysis",
"expected": "Variable",
"distinguishes_from": ["Streptococcus"],
"notes": "Haemolysis pattern combined with colony morphology aids differentiation."
}
],
"common_confusions": [
{
"genus": "Streptococcus",
"reason": "Similar Gram-positive cocci morphology and haemolysis patterns."
},
{
"genus": "Enterococcus",
"reason": "Overlapping biochemical reactions in urinary isolates."
},
{
"genus": "Staphylococcus",
"reason": "Clustered cocci appearance on Gram stain may be misleading."
}
],
"when_to_question_identification": [
"Catalase-positive reaction suggests Staphylococcus.",
"Growth in 6.5% NaCl suggests Enterococcus.",
"Beta-haemolysis with streptococcal morphology suggests Streptococcus."
],
"recommended_next_tests": [
{
"test": "Catalase test (repeat)",
"reason": "Weak reactions may require confirmation."
},
{
"test": "NaCl tolerance (6.5%)",
"reason": "Useful for exclusion of Enterococcus."
},
{
"test": "MALDI-TOF MS",
"reason": "Preferred method for accurate genus and species identification."
}
],
"supported_species": [
"urinae",
"viridans",
"sanguinicola",
"christensenii"
]
} |