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"schema_version": "1.0",
"level": "genus",
"genus": "Anaerococcus",
"overview": {
"short": "Anaerococcus species are Gram-positive anaerobic cocci, commonly isolated from skin, soft tissue, and genitourinary tract infections.",
"clinical_context": "Frequently recovered from polymicrobial anaerobic infections, including abscesses, wound infections, and genital tract specimens."
},
"expected_fields": {
"Gram Stain": "Positive",
"Shape": "Cocci",
"Motility": "Negative",
"Capsule": "Variable",
"Spore Formation": "Negative",
"Haemolysis": "Variable",
"Haemolysis Type": "Variable",
"Media Grown On": [
"Blood Agar",
"Anaerobic Blood Agar"
],
"Colony Morphology": [
"Small",
"Grey",
"Smooth"
],
"Oxygen Requirement": "Anaerobic",
"Growth Temperature": "35//37",
"Catalase": "Negative",
"Oxidase": "Negative",
"Indole": "Variable",
"Urease": "Negative",
"Citrate": "Negative",
"Methyl Red": "Unknown",
"VP": "Unknown",
"H2S": "Negative",
"DNase": "Negative",
"ONPG": "Negative",
"Coagulase": "Negative",
"Gelatin Hydrolysis": "Variable",
"Esculin Hydrolysis": "Negative",
"Nitrate Reduction": "Variable",
"NaCl Tolerant (>=6%)": "Negative",
"Lipase Test": "Negative",
"Lysine Decarboxylase": "Negative",
"Ornithine Decarboxylase": "Negative",
"Ornitihine Decarboxylase": "Negative",
"Arginine dihydrolase": "Negative",
"Glucose Fermentation": "Positive",
"Lactose Fermentation": "Variable",
"Sucrose Fermentation": "Variable",
"Maltose Fermentation": "Variable",
"Mannitol Fermentation": "Negative",
"Sorbitol Fermentation": "Negative",
"Xylose Fermentation": "Negative",
"Rhamnose Fermentation": "Negative",
"Arabinose Fermentation": "Negative",
"Raffinose Fermentation": "Negative",
"Trehalose Fermentation": "Variable",
"Inositol Fermentation": "Negative",
"Gas Production": "Variable",
"TSI Pattern": "Unknown",
"Colony Pattern": "Unknown",
"Pigment": "None",
"Motility Type": "Unknown"
},
"field_notes": {
"Oxygen Requirement": "Strict anaerobes; growth in oxygenated conditions argues against Anaerococcus.",
"Catalase": "Typically negative, helping differentiate from some other Gram-positive cocci.",
"Shape": "Often seen as cocci in clusters, pairs, or short chains."
},
"key_differentiators": [
{
"field": "Oxygen Requirement",
"expected": "Anaerobic",
"distinguishes_from": ["Staphylococcus", "Streptococcus"],
"notes": "Strict anaerobic growth differentiates Anaerococcus from most aerobic cocci."
},
{
"field": "Catalase",
"expected": "Negative",
"distinguishes_from": ["Staphylococcus"],
"notes": "Catalase negativity supports anaerobic cocci identification."
}
],
"common_confusions": [
{
"genus": "Finegoldia",
"reason": "Both are Gram-positive anaerobic cocci commonly isolated from similar clinical sites."
},
{
"genus": "Peptoniphilus",
"reason": "Overlapping anaerobic coccal morphology and biochemical inactivity."
}
],
"when_to_question_identification": [
"Growth under aerobic conditions argues against Anaerococcus.",
"Catalase positivity suggests another Gram-positive coccus.",
"Spore formation excludes Anaerococcus."
],
"recommended_next_tests": [
{
"test": "Anaerobic incubation confirmation",
"reason": "Confirms obligate anaerobic growth."
},
{
"test": "MALDI-TOF MS",
"reason": "Reliable identification among anaerobic cocci with overlapping biochemistry."
},
{
"test": "16S rRNA sequencing",
"reason": "Useful for definitive identification in complex polymicrobial infections."
}
],
"supported_species": [
"prevotii",
"vaginalis"
]
} |