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{
"schema_version": "1.0",
"level": "genus",
"genus": "Azotobacter",
"overview": {
"short": "Azotobacter species are Gram-negative, obligately aerobic, free-living nitrogen-fixing rods commonly found in soil and water.",
"clinical_context": "Rarely associated with human disease; most isolates are environmental or laboratory contaminants."
},
"expected_fields": {
"Gram Stain": "Negative",
"Shape": "Rods",
"Motility": "Variable",
"Capsule": "Positive",
"Spore Formation": "Negative",
"Haemolysis": "Negative",
"Haemolysis Type": "None",
"Media Grown On": [
"Nutrient Agar"
],
"Colony Morphology": [
"Large",
"Mucoid",
"Smooth"
],
"Oxygen Requirement": "Aerobic",
"Growth Temperature": "20//37",
"Catalase": "Positive",
"Oxidase": "Positive",
"Indole": "Negative",
"Urease": "Negative",
"Citrate": "Positive",
"Methyl Red": "Negative",
"VP": "Negative",
"H2S": "Negative",
"DNase": "Negative",
"ONPG": "Negative",
"Coagulase": "Negative",
"Gelatin Hydrolysis": "Variable",
"Esculin Hydrolysis": "Negative",
"Nitrate Reduction": "Variable",
"NaCl Tolerant (>=6%)": "Negative",
"Lipase Test": "Negative",
"Lysine Decarboxylase": "Negative",
"Ornithine Decarboxylase": "Negative",
"Ornitihine Decarboxylase": "Negative",
"Arginine dihydrolase": "Negative",
"Glucose Fermentation": "Negative",
"Lactose Fermentation": "Negative",
"Sucrose Fermentation": "Negative",
"Maltose Fermentation": "Negative",
"Mannitol Fermentation": "Negative",
"Sorbitol Fermentation": "Negative",
"Xylose Fermentation": "Negative",
"Rhamnose Fermentation": "Negative",
"Arabinose Fermentation": "Negative",
"Raffinose Fermentation": "Negative",
"Trehalose Fermentation": "Negative",
"Inositol Fermentation": "Negative",
"Gas Production": "Negative",
"TSI Pattern": "Unknown",
"Colony Pattern": "Unknown",
"Pigment": "Variable",
"Motility Type": "Peritrichous"
},
"field_notes": {
"Oxygen Requirement": "Azotobacter species are strictly aerobic despite nitrogen fixation.",
"Capsule": "Prominent polysaccharide capsule contributes to mucoid colonies.",
"Glucose Fermentation": "Azotobacter are non-fermenters; energy is derived via oxidative metabolism."
},
"key_differentiators": [
{
"field": "Oxygen Requirement",
"expected": "Aerobic",
"distinguishes_from": ["Enterobacter", "Klebsiella"],
"notes": "Strict aerobic growth helps exclude Enterobacterales."
},
{
"field": "Capsule",
"expected": "Positive",
"distinguishes_from": ["Pseudomonas"],
"notes": "Heavy capsule and mucoid colonies are characteristic."
},
{
"field": "Glucose Fermentation",
"expected": "Negative",
"distinguishes_from": ["Enterobacterales"],
"notes": "Non-fermentative metabolism separates Azotobacter from many Gram-negative rods."
}
],
"common_confusions": [
{
"genus": "Pseudomonas",
"reason": "Both are aerobic Gram-negative rods and oxidase positive."
},
{
"genus": "Burkholderia",
"reason": "Environmental origin and non-fermentative metabolism may overlap."
}
],
"when_to_question_identification": [
"Growth under anaerobic conditions argues against Azotobacter.",
"Strong glucose fermentation suggests Enterobacterales.",
"Lack of capsule suggests another aerobic Gram-negative rod."
],
"recommended_next_tests": [
{
"test": "Oxidative/Fermentative glucose test",
"reason": "Confirms oxidative (non-fermentative) metabolism."
},
{
"test": "Nitrogen fixation testing",
"reason": "Demonstrates characteristic nitrogen-fixing capability."
},
{
"test": "MALDI-TOF MS",
"reason": "Reliable for environmental species identification."
}
],
"supported_species": [
"chroococcum",
"vinelandii"
]
} |