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"schema_version": "1.0",
"level": "species",
"genus": "Bacillus",
"species": "anthracis",
"overview": {
"short": "Bacillus anthracis is a non-motile, encapsulated, Gram-positive spore-forming rod and the causative agent of anthrax.",
"clinical_context": "A high-consequence pathogen requiring immediate public health notification."
},
"expected_fields": {
"Gram Stain": "Positive",
"Shape": "Rods",
"Motility": "Negative",
"Capsule": "Positive",
"Spore Formation": "Positive",
"Haemolysis": "Negative",
"Haemolysis Type": "None",
"Media Grown On": [
"Blood Agar"
],
"Colony Morphology": [
"Large",
"Non-haemolytic",
"Ground-glass"
],
"Oxygen Requirement": "Aerobic",
"Growth Temperature": "35//37",
"Catalase": "Positive",
"Oxidase": "Variable",
"Indole": "Negative",
"Urease": "Negative",
"Citrate": "Variable",
"Methyl Red": "Variable",
"VP": "Negative",
"H2S": "Negative",
"DNase": "Negative",
"ONPG": "Negative",
"Coagulase": "Negative",
"Gelatin Hydrolysis": "Positive",
"Esculin Hydrolysis": "Negative",
"Nitrate Reduction": "Positive",
"NaCl Tolerant (>=6%)": "Negative",
"Lipase Test": "Negative",
"Lysine Decarboxylase": "Negative",
"Ornithine Decarboxylase": "Negative",
"Ornitihine Decarboxylase": "Negative",
"Arginine dihydrolase": "Negative",
"Glucose Fermentation": "Variable",
"Lactose Fermentation": "Negative",
"Sucrose Fermentation": "Negative",
"Maltose Fermentation": "Variable",
"Mannitol Fermentation": "Negative",
"Sorbitol Fermentation": "Negative",
"Xylose Fermentation": "Negative",
"Rhamnose Fermentation": "Negative",
"Arabinose Fermentation": "Negative",
"Raffinose Fermentation": "Negative",
"Trehalose Fermentation": "Negative",
"Inositol Fermentation": "Negative",
"Gas Production": "Negative",
"TSI Pattern": "Unknown",
"Colony Pattern": "Unknown",
"Pigment": "None",
"Motility Type": "None"
},
"species_markers": [
{
"field": "Motility",
"value": "Negative",
"importance": "critical",
"notes": "Non-motility is a key discriminator from B. cereus group."
},
{
"field": "Haemolysis",
"value": "Negative",
"importance": "critical",
"notes": "Non-haemolytic colonies strongly suggest B. anthracis."
},
{
"field": "Capsule",
"value": "Positive",
"importance": "critical",
"notes": "Poly-D-glutamate capsule is a defining virulence factor."
}
],
"common_confusions": [
{
"species": "Bacillus cereus",
"reason": "Close genetic relationship but differs in motility and haemolysis."
}
],
"when_to_question_identification": [
"Any haemolysis excludes B. anthracis.",
"Motility excludes B. anthracis.",
"Pigment production argues against B. anthracis."
],
"recommended_next_tests": [
{
"test": "Gamma phage susceptibility",
"reason": "Highly specific for Bacillus anthracis.",
"api_kit": "Not applicable (reference laboratory assay)"
},
{
"test": "Capsule demonstration",
"reason": "Confirms virulence-associated capsule."
},
{
"test": "PCR for anthrax toxin genes",
"reason": "Definitive confirmation in reference laboratories."
}
]
} |