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{
"schema_version": "1.0",
"level": "species",
"genus": "Cryptococcus",
"species": "laurentii",
"overview": {
"short": "Cryptococcus laurentii is an environmental yeast occasionally implicated in opportunistic infection, typically less virulent than C. neoformans/gattii.",
"clinical_context": "Rarely isolated from clinical specimens; when involved, often in immunocompromised hosts or device-associated settings."
},
"expected_fields": {
"Gram Stain": "Variable",
"Shape": "Yeast",
"Motility": "Negative",
"Capsule": "Variable",
"Spore Formation": "Negative",
"Haemolysis": "Negative",
"Haemolysis Type": "None",
"Media Grown On": [
"Sabouraud Dextrose Agar",
"Blood Agar"
],
"Colony Morphology": [
"Smooth",
"Cream",
"Moist"
],
"Oxygen Requirement": "Aerobe",
"Growth Temperature": "20//35",
"Catalase": "Positive",
"Oxidase": "Negative",
"Indole": "Negative",
"Urease": "Positive",
"Citrate": "Negative",
"Methyl Red": "Unknown",
"VP": "Unknown",
"H2S": "Negative",
"DNase": "Negative",
"ONPG": "Negative",
"Coagulase": "Negative",
"Gelatin Hydrolysis": "Negative",
"Esculin Hydrolysis": "Negative",
"Nitrate Reduction": "Negative",
"NaCl Tolerant (>=6%)": "Negative",
"Lipase Test": "Negative",
"Lysine Decarboxylase": "Negative",
"Ornithine Decarboxylase": "Negative",
"Ornitihine Decarboxylase": "Negative",
"Arginine dihydrolase": "Negative",
"Glucose Fermentation": "Negative",
"Lactose Fermentation": "Negative",
"Sucrose Fermentation": "Negative",
"Maltose Fermentation": "Negative",
"Mannitol Fermentation": "Negative",
"Sorbitol Fermentation": "Negative",
"Xylose Fermentation": "Negative",
"Rhamnose Fermentation": "Negative",
"Arabinose Fermentation": "Negative",
"Raffinose Fermentation": "Negative",
"Trehalose Fermentation": "Negative",
"Inositol Fermentation": "Variable",
"Gas Production": "Negative",
"TSI Pattern": "Unknown",
"Colony Pattern": "Unknown",
"Pigment": "None",
"Motility Type": "None"
},
"species_markers": [
{
"field": "Capsule",
"value": "Variable",
"importance": "medium",
"notes": "Encapsulation may be weak/variable compared with C. neoformans/gattii."
},
{
"field": "Growth Temperature",
"value": "20//35",
"importance": "high",
"notes": "Weaker growth at 37°C vs pathogenic complexes can support non-neoformans species."
},
{
"field": "Inositol Fermentation",
"value": "Variable",
"importance": "medium",
"notes": "Inositol utilization may be less consistent than in neoformans/gattii."
}
],
"common_confusions": [
{
"species": "Cryptococcus neoformans",
"reason": "Both can be urease-positive yeasts; capsule and growth at 37°C are often more robust in C. neoformans."
},
{
"genus": "Rhodotorula",
"reason": "Environmental yeasts can overlap; pigmentation differences may help but are not always reported."
}
],
"when_to_question_identification": [
"Strong capsule plus consistent 37°C growth may indicate C. neoformans/gattii instead.",
"Urease negativity suggests other yeast genera.",
"A strong sugar fermentation profile is inconsistent with Cryptococcus."
],
"recommended_next_tests": [
{
"test": "MALDI-TOF MS",
"reason": "Best practical discriminator for non-neoformans Cryptococcus species.",
"api_kit": "Not applicable"
},
{
"test": "Growth at 37°C",
"reason": "Helps separate pathogenic complexes from more environmental species.",
"api_kit": "Not applicable"
},
{
"test": "Molecular identification",
"reason": "Useful if MALDI is inconclusive or to confirm unusual isolates.",
"api_kit": "Not applicable"
}
]
} |