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"schema_version": "1.0",
"level": "genus",
"genus": "Enterobacter",
"overview": {
"short": "Enterobacter species are Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic rods within the Enterobacterales, commonly isolated from clinical and environmental sources.",
"clinical_context": "Often recovered from opportunistic infections including urinary tract, respiratory, and bloodstream infections."
},
"expected_fields": {
"Gram Stain": "Negative",
"Shape": "Rods",
"Motility": "Variable",
"Capsule": "Variable",
"Spore Formation": "Negative",
"Haemolysis": "Negative",
"Haemolysis Type": "None",
"Media Grown On": [
"MacConkey Agar",
"Blood Agar"
],
"Colony Morphology": [
"Smooth",
"Grey",
"Moist"
],
"Oxygen Requirement": "Facultative Anaerobe",
"Growth Temperature": "10//45",
"Catalase": "Positive",
"Oxidase": "Negative",
"Indole": "Variable",
"Urease": "Variable",
"Citrate": "Positive",
"Methyl Red": "Negative",
"VP": "Positive",
"H2S": "Negative",
"DNase": "Negative",
"ONPG": "Positive",
"Coagulase": "Negative",
"Gelatin Hydrolysis": "Variable",
"Esculin Hydrolysis": "Variable",
"Nitrate Reduction": "Positive",
"NaCl Tolerant (>=6%)": "Negative",
"Lipase Test": "Negative",
"Lysine Decarboxylase": "Positive",
"Ornithine Decarboxylase": "Variable",
"Ornitihine Decarboxylase": "Variable",
"Arginine dihydrolase": "Negative",
"Glucose Fermentation": "Positive",
"Lactose Fermentation": "Variable",
"Sucrose Fermentation": "Positive",
"Maltose Fermentation": "Positive",
"Mannitol Fermentation": "Positive",
"Sorbitol Fermentation": "Variable",
"Xylose Fermentation": "Positive",
"Rhamnose Fermentation": "Variable",
"Arabinose Fermentation": "Positive",
"Raffinose Fermentation": "Variable",
"Trehalose Fermentation": "Positive",
"Inositol Fermentation": "Negative",
"Gas Production": "Variable",
"TSI Pattern": "A/A",
"Colony Pattern": "Unknown",
"Pigment": "None",
"Motility Type": "Peritrichous"
},
"field_notes": {
"Lactose Fermentation": "Often delayed or variable on MacConkey Agar.",
"Motility": "Most species are motile, but non-motile strains occur.",
"Indole": "Indole reactions vary by species and are not genus-defining."
},
"key_differentiators": [
{
"field": "VP",
"expected": "Positive",
"distinguishes_from": ["Escherichia", "Shigella"],
"notes": "VP positivity helps separate Enterobacter from MR-positive Enterobacterales."
},
{
"field": "Citrate",
"expected": "Positive",
"distinguishes_from": ["Escherichia"],
"notes": "Citrate utilization supports Enterobacter over E. coli."
},
{
"field": "Motility",
"expected": "Positive",
"distinguishes_from": ["Klebsiella"],
"notes": "Motility differentiates Enterobacter from typically non-motile Klebsiella."
}
],
"common_confusions": [
{
"genus": "Klebsiella",
"reason": "Shared lactose fermentation and mucoid colony appearance can cause confusion."
},
{
"genus": "Citrobacter",
"reason": "Overlapping biochemical reactions including citrate positivity and sugar fermentation."
}
],
"when_to_question_identification": [
"Non-motile isolate with strong capsule suggests Klebsiella.",
"Indole-positive with MR-positive profile suggests Escherichia or Citrobacter.",
"H2S production argues against Enterobacter."
],
"recommended_next_tests": [
{
"test": "Indole test",
"reason": "Useful for narrowing species-level identification."
},
{
"test": "Motility testing",
"reason": "Helps distinguish from Klebsiella."
},
{
"test": "Molecular identification or MALDI-TOF",
"reason": "Recommended due to biochemical overlap within Enterobacterales."
}
],
"supported_species": [
"cloacae",
"asburiae",
"hormaechei",
"kobei",
"ludwigii"
]
} |