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{
"schema_version": "1.0",
"level": "genus",
"genus": "Enterococcus",
"overview": {
"short": "Enterococcus species are Gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic cocci that are part of normal gastrointestinal flora but frequently cause opportunistic infections.",
"clinical_context": "Common causes of urinary tract infections, bacteremia, endocarditis, and intra-abdominal infections, particularly in healthcare settings."
},
"expected_fields": {
"Gram Stain": "Positive",
"Shape": "Cocci",
"Motility": "Negative",
"Capsule": "Variable",
"Spore Formation": "Negative",
"Haemolysis": "Variable",
"Haemolysis Type": "Variable",
"Media Grown On": [
"Blood Agar",
"Bile Esculin Agar"
],
"Colony Morphology": [
"Small",
"Grey",
"Smooth"
],
"Oxygen Requirement": "Facultative Anaerobe",
"Growth Temperature": "10//45",
"Catalase": "Negative",
"Oxidase": "Negative",
"Indole": "Negative",
"Urease": "Negative",
"Citrate": "Negative",
"Methyl Red": "Positive",
"VP": "Negative",
"H2S": "Negative",
"DNase": "Negative",
"ONPG": "Negative",
"Coagulase": "Negative",
"Gelatin Hydrolysis": "Variable",
"Esculin Hydrolysis": "Positive",
"Nitrate Reduction": "Negative",
"NaCl Tolerant (>=6%)": "Positive",
"Lipase Test": "Negative",
"Lysine Decarboxylase": "Negative",
"Ornithine Decarboxylase": "Negative",
"Ornitihine Decarboxylase": "Negative",
"Arginine dihydrolase": "Variable",
"Glucose Fermentation": "Positive",
"Lactose Fermentation": "Variable",
"Sucrose Fermentation": "Variable",
"Maltose Fermentation": "Positive",
"Mannitol Fermentation": "Variable",
"Sorbitol Fermentation": "Variable",
"Xylose Fermentation": "Negative",
"Rhamnose Fermentation": "Variable",
"Arabinose Fermentation": "Negative",
"Raffinose Fermentation": "Variable",
"Trehalose Fermentation": "Positive",
"Inositol Fermentation": "Negative",
"Gas Production": "Negative",
"TSI Pattern": "Unknown",
"Colony Pattern": "Unknown",
"Pigment": "None",
"Motility Type": "None"
},
"field_notes": {
"NaCl Tolerant (>=6%)": "A defining feature of Enterococcus and a key genus-level discriminator.",
"Esculin Hydrolysis": "Bile esculin positivity is characteristic and diagnostically important.",
"Catalase": "Typically negative; weak pseudocatalase reactions may occur."
},
"key_differentiators": [
{
"field": "NaCl Tolerant (>=6%)",
"expected": "Positive",
"distinguishes_from": ["Streptococcus"],
"notes": "Growth in high salt differentiates Enterococcus from most streptococci."
},
{
"field": "Esculin Hydrolysis",
"expected": "Positive",
"distinguishes_from": ["Streptococcus"],
"notes": "Bile esculin positivity supports Enterococcus identification."
}
],
"common_confusions": [
{
"genus": "Streptococcus",
"reason": "Shared Gram-positive coccal morphology and overlapping hemolysis patterns."
},
{
"genus": "Aerococcus",
"reason": "Coccal morphology and variable hemolysis may overlap in routine culture."
}
],
"when_to_question_identification": [
"NaCl intolerance argues against Enterococcus.",
"Strong catalase positivity suggests Staphylococcus.",
"Bile esculin negativity is inconsistent."
],
"recommended_next_tests": [
{
"test": "PYR test",
"reason": "Rapid confirmation of Enterococcus genus.",
"api_kit": "API Strep"
},
{
"test": "Bile esculin test",
"reason": "Supports genus-level identification.",
"api_kit": "API Strep"
},
{
"test": "MALDI-TOF MS",
"reason": "Reliable species-level identification.",
"api_kit": "Not applicable"
}
],
"supported_species": [
"faecalis",
"faecium",
"gallinarum"
]
} |