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"schema_version": "1.0",
"level": "species",
"genus": "Erysipelothrix",
"species": "tonsillarum",
"overview": {
"short": "Erysipelothrix tonsillarum is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile short rod most commonly associated with animals and environmental exposure rather than classic erysipeloid.",
"clinical_context": "More often isolated from animals (e.g., tonsils/oropharynx) and may appear in mixed cultures; human disease is less commonly described than E. rhusiopathiae."
},
"expected_fields": {
"Gram Stain": "Positive",
"Shape": "Short Rods",
"Motility": "Negative",
"Capsule": "Negative",
"Spore Formation": "Negative",
"Haemolysis": "Variable",
"Haemolysis Type": "Variable",
"Media Grown On": [
"Blood Agar"
],
"Colony Morphology": [
"Small",
"Grey",
"Translucent",
"Smooth"
],
"Oxygen Requirement": "Facultative Anaerobe",
"Growth Temperature": "20//42",
"Catalase": "Negative",
"Oxidase": "Negative",
"Indole": "Negative",
"Urease": "Negative",
"Citrate": "Negative",
"Methyl Red": "Positive",
"VP": "Negative",
"H2S": "Variable",
"DNase": "Negative",
"ONPG": "Negative",
"Coagulase": "Negative",
"Gelatin Hydrolysis": "Negative",
"Esculin Hydrolysis": "Negative",
"Nitrate Reduction": "Negative",
"NaCl Tolerant (>=6%)": "Negative",
"Lipase Test": "Negative",
"Lysine Decarboxylase": "Negative",
"Ornithine Decarboxylase": "Negative",
"Ornitihine Decarboxylase": "Negative",
"Arginine dihydrolase": "Negative",
"Glucose Fermentation": "Positive",
"Lactose Fermentation": "Negative",
"Sucrose Fermentation": "Variable",
"Maltose Fermentation": "Negative",
"Mannitol Fermentation": "Negative",
"Sorbitol Fermentation": "Negative",
"Xylose Fermentation": "Negative",
"Rhamnose Fermentation": "Negative",
"Arabinose Fermentation": "Negative",
"Raffinose Fermentation": "Negative",
"Trehalose Fermentation": "Negative",
"Inositol Fermentation": "Negative",
"Gas Production": "Negative",
"TSI Pattern": "Unknown",
"Colony Pattern": "Unknown",
"Pigment": "None",
"Motility Type": "None"
},
"species_markers": [
{
"field": "H2S",
"value": "Variable",
"importance": "high",
"notes": "Compared with E. rhusiopathiae, H2S may be less consistently observed; treat as supportive rather than definitive."
},
{
"field": "Clinical Context",
"value": "Animal-associated / commensal-leaning",
"importance": "medium",
"notes": "Frequently associated with animal reservoirs; human clinical relevance may require correlation."
}
],
"common_confusions": [
{
"species": "Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae",
"reason": "Very close overlap in routine phenotypic testing; separation often requires MALDI-TOF or molecular identification."
},
{
"genus": "Listeria",
"reason": "Short rod appearance; motility and catalase help separate."
}
],
"when_to_question_identification": [
"Clear and reproducible H2S positivity plus classic erysipeloid context favors E. rhusiopathiae.",
"Motility suggests non-Erysipelothrix short rods.",
"Catalase positivity argues against Erysipelothrix."
],
"recommended_next_tests": [
{
"test": "MALDI-TOF MS",
"reason": "Most practical method to separate E. tonsillarum from E. rhusiopathiae in routine workflows.",
"api_kit": "Not applicable"
},
{
"test": "H2S detection on TSI or iron-containing media",
"reason": "Use as a supportive feature; interpret cautiously due to variability.",
"api_kit": "API Coryne"
},
{
"test": "Molecular identification (e.g., sequencing)",
"reason": "Useful where MALDI libraries are limited or when clinical stakes are high.",
"api_kit": "Not applicable"
}
]
} |