| { |
| "schema_version": "1.0", |
| "level": "species", |
| "genus": "Clostridium", |
| "species": "botulinum", |
|
|
| "overview": { |
| "short": "Clostridium botulinum is a Gram-positive, anaerobic, spore-forming rod that produces botulinum neurotoxin.", |
| "clinical_context": "Responsible for botulism, a severe neuroparalytic illness caused by toxin ingestion or production in vivo." |
| }, |
|
|
| "expected_fields": { |
| "Gram Stain": "Positive", |
| "Shape": "Rods", |
| "Motility": "Positive", |
| "Capsule": "Negative", |
| "Spore Formation": "Positive", |
| "Haemolysis": "Variable", |
| "Haemolysis Type": "Variable", |
| "Media Grown On": [ |
| "Blood Agar", |
| "Egg Yolk Agar" |
| ], |
| "Colony Morphology": [ |
| "Irregular", |
| "Spreading" |
| ], |
| "Oxygen Requirement": "Anaerobic", |
| "Growth Temperature": "10//48", |
| "Catalase": "Negative", |
| "Oxidase": "Negative", |
| "Indole": "Variable", |
| "Urease": "Negative", |
| "Citrate": "Negative", |
| "Methyl Red": "Variable", |
| "VP": "Negative", |
| "H2S": "Variable", |
| "DNase": "Negative", |
| "ONPG": "Negative", |
| "Coagulase": "Negative", |
| "Gelatin Hydrolysis": "Positive", |
| "Esculin Hydrolysis": "Negative", |
| "Nitrate Reduction": "Variable", |
| "NaCl Tolerant (>=6%)": "Negative", |
| "Lipase Test": "Positive", |
| "Lysine Decarboxylase": "Negative", |
| "Ornithine Decarboxylase": "Negative", |
| "Ornitihine Decarboxylase": "Negative", |
| "Arginine dihydrolase": "Negative", |
| "Glucose Fermentation": "Variable", |
| "Lactose Fermentation": "Negative", |
| "Sucrose Fermentation": "Variable", |
| "Maltose Fermentation": "Variable", |
| "Mannitol Fermentation": "Negative", |
| "Sorbitol Fermentation": "Negative", |
| "Xylose Fermentation": "Variable", |
| "Rhamnose Fermentation": "Negative", |
| "Arabinose Fermentation": "Variable", |
| "Raffinose Fermentation": "Negative", |
| "Trehalose Fermentation": "Variable", |
| "Inositol Fermentation": "Negative", |
| "Gas Production": "Variable", |
| "TSI Pattern": "Unknown", |
| "Colony Pattern": "Unknown", |
| "Pigment": "None", |
| "Motility Type": "Peritrichous" |
| }, |
|
|
| "species_markers": [ |
| { |
| "field": "Lipase Test", |
| "value": "Positive", |
| "importance": "high", |
| "notes": "Supports identification of proteolytic C. botulinum groups." |
| }, |
| { |
| "field": "Motility", |
| "value": "Positive", |
| "importance": "medium", |
| "notes": "Helps differentiate from non-motile clostridia such as C. perfringens." |
| }, |
| { |
| "field": "Glucose Fermentation", |
| "value": "Variable", |
| "importance": "medium", |
| "notes": "Reflects heterogeneity across toxin groups." |
| } |
| ], |
|
|
| "common_confusions": [ |
| { |
| "species": "Clostridium sporogenes", |
| "reason": "Genetically related with overlapping biochemical and enzymatic traits." |
| } |
| ], |
|
|
| "when_to_question_identification": [ |
| "Lipase negativity argues against proteolytic C. botulinum.", |
| "Strong carbohydrate fermentation suggests another clostridial species.", |
| "Non-spore-forming phenotype is inconsistent." |
| ], |
|
|
| "recommended_next_tests": [ |
| { |
| "test": "Botulinum toxin detection", |
| "reason": "Definitive identification and clinical relevance.", |
| "api_kit": "Not applicable" |
| }, |
| { |
| "test": "Lipase activity on Egg Yolk Agar", |
| "reason": "Supports differentiation of proteolytic strains.", |
| "api_kit": "API 20A" |
| }, |
| { |
| "test": "MALDI-TOF MS", |
| "reason": "Species-level identification when databases are appropriate.", |
| "api_kit": "Not applicable" |
| } |
| ] |
| } |
