| { |
| "schema_version": "1.0", |
| "level": "genus", |
| "genus": "Cupriavidus", |
|
|
| "overview": { |
| "short": "Cupriavidus species are Gram-negative, aerobic, non-fermentative rods within the Betaproteobacteria, notable for environmental resilience and metal resistance.", |
| "clinical_context": "Occasionally isolated from opportunistic infections, particularly in immunocompromised patients or from contaminated medical devices and water sources." |
| }, |
|
|
| "expected_fields": { |
| "Gram Stain": "Negative", |
| "Shape": "Rods", |
| "Motility": "Positive", |
| "Capsule": "Negative", |
| "Spore Formation": "Negative", |
| "Haemolysis": "Negative", |
| "Haemolysis Type": "None", |
| "Media Grown On": [ |
| "Blood Agar", |
| "Chocolate Agar" |
| ], |
| "Colony Morphology": [ |
| "Smooth", |
| "Grey", |
| "Non-pigmented" |
| ], |
| "Oxygen Requirement": "Aerobe", |
| "Growth Temperature": "20//37", |
| "Catalase": "Positive", |
| "Oxidase": "Positive", |
| "Indole": "Negative", |
| "Urease": "Variable", |
| "Citrate": "Variable", |
| "Methyl Red": "Negative", |
| "VP": "Negative", |
| "H2S": "Negative", |
| "DNase": "Negative", |
| "ONPG": "Negative", |
| "Coagulase": "Negative", |
| "Gelatin Hydrolysis": "Variable", |
| "Esculin Hydrolysis": "Negative", |
| "Nitrate Reduction": "Variable", |
| "NaCl Tolerant (>=6%)": "Negative", |
| "Lipase Test": "Variable", |
| "Lysine Decarboxylase": "Negative", |
| "Ornithine Decarboxylase": "Negative", |
| "Ornitihine Decarboxylase": "Negative", |
| "Arginine dihydrolase": "Positive", |
| "Glucose Fermentation": "Negative", |
| "Lactose Fermentation": "Negative", |
| "Sucrose Fermentation": "Negative", |
| "Maltose Fermentation": "Negative", |
| "Mannitol Fermentation": "Negative", |
| "Sorbitol Fermentation": "Negative", |
| "Xylose Fermentation": "Negative", |
| "Rhamnose Fermentation": "Negative", |
| "Arabinose Fermentation": "Negative", |
| "Raffinose Fermentation": "Negative", |
| "Trehalose Fermentation": "Negative", |
| "Inositol Fermentation": "Negative", |
| "Gas Production": "Negative", |
| "TSI Pattern": "K/K", |
| "Colony Pattern": "Unknown", |
| "Pigment": "None", |
| "Motility Type": "Polar" |
| }, |
|
|
| "field_notes": { |
| "Oxidase": "Typically oxidase-positive, helping distinguish from many Enterobacterales.", |
| "Arginine dihydrolase": "Commonly positive and useful in non-fermenter differentiation.", |
| "Glucose Fermentation": "Non-fermentative metabolism is a key defining trait." |
| }, |
|
|
| "key_differentiators": [ |
| { |
| "field": "Oxidase", |
| "expected": "Positive", |
| "distinguishes_from": ["Acinetobacter"], |
| "notes": "Oxidase positivity separates Cupriavidus from oxidase-negative non-fermenters." |
| }, |
| { |
| "field": "Arginine dihydrolase", |
| "expected": "Positive", |
| "distinguishes_from": ["Burkholderia"], |
| "notes": "Supports Cupriavidus identification among Betaproteobacteria." |
| }, |
| { |
| "field": "Glucose Fermentation", |
| "expected": "Negative", |
| "distinguishes_from": ["Enterobacter", "Escherichia"], |
| "notes": "Non-fermentative metabolism excludes Enterobacterales." |
| } |
| ], |
|
|
| "common_confusions": [ |
| { |
| "genus": "Burkholderia", |
| "reason": "Overlapping non-fermentative profiles and environmental association." |
| }, |
| { |
| "genus": "Ralstonia", |
| "reason": "Phylogenetic relatedness and similar biochemical reactions." |
| } |
| ], |
|
|
| "when_to_question_identification": [ |
| "Oxidase negativity suggests Acinetobacter or other non-fermenters.", |
| "Strong glucose fermentation argues against Cupriavidus.", |
| "Growth failure under aerobic conditions is inconsistent." |
| ], |
|
|
| "recommended_next_tests": [ |
| { |
| "test": "Oxidase test", |
| "reason": "Initial confirmation of non-fermentative oxidase-positive profile.", |
| "api_kit": "API 20 NE" |
| }, |
| { |
| "test": "Arginine dihydrolase", |
| "reason": "Helpful discriminator among non-fermenters.", |
| "api_kit": "API 20 NE" |
| }, |
| { |
| "test": "MALDI-TOF MS", |
| "reason": "Reliable genus- and species-level identification for environmental non-fermenters.", |
| "api_kit": "Not applicable" |
| } |
| ], |
|
|
| "supported_species": [ |
| "gilardii", |
| "metallidurans", |
| "pauculus" |
| ] |
| } |
