Update data/rag/knowledge_base/Erysipelothrix/genus.json
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data/rag/knowledge_base/Erysipelothrix/genus.json
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{
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"genus": "Erysipelothrix",
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"taxonomy": {
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"family": "Erysipelotrichaceae",
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"order": "Erysipelotrichales",
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"class": "Erysipelotrichia",
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"phylum": "Firmicutes"
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},
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"overview": "Erysipelothrix is a genus of thin, non-spore-forming, Gram-positive to gram-variable rods. They are zoonotic pathogens found in animals, fish, soil, and organic matter. Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is the primary human pathogen, causing erysipeloid skin infection and occasionally endocarditis. E. tonsillarum is primarily animal-associated and rarely pathogenic in humans.",
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"key_traits": [
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"Gram-positive slender rods; may appear gram-variable",
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"Non-spore-forming",
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"Catalase negative",
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"Non-motile (key discriminator vs Listeria)",
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"Microaerophilic to facultatively anaerobic",
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"Produces H2S on TSI slant (important diagnostic feature)",
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"Resistant to salt and survives harsh environments",
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"Alpha-hemolysis sometimes observed on blood agar"
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],
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"ecology": "Found in animals (especially swine, poultry, and fish), soil, decaying organic matter, and animal products. Often carried in tonsils of pigs and other mammals.",
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"pathogenicity": "E. rhusiopathiae causes erysipeloid skin infection, diffuse cutaneous disease, arthritis, and endocarditis. Most human infections occur through occupational exposure involving animals or fish. E. tonsillarum is rarely implicated in human disease.",
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"genus_level_biochemistry": {
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"general_tendencies": [
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"Non-motile Gram-positive rods that produce H2S on TSI agar.",
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"Catalase negative (helps distinguish from Corynebacterium).",
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"Do not form spores (distinguishes from Bacillus).",
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"Slow-growing, often requiring enriched media.",
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"Produce hydrogen sulfide even without blackening of butt (H2S on slant)."
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],
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"non_definitive_tests": [
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"Colonial morphology overlaps with Listeria and Corynebacterium.",
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"Gram stain variability increases with culture age."
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]
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},
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"genus_differentiation": {
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"from_close_genera": [
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"Listeria: motile (tumbling) and catalase positive; Erysipelothrix is non-motile and catalase negative.",
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"Corynebacterium: catalase positive; Erysipelothrix is catalase negative.",
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"Arcanobacterium: CAMP reactions and β-hemolysis differ; Erysipelothrix shows minimal hemolysis.",
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"Bacillus: spore-forming; Erysipelothrix does not form spores.",
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"Lactobacillus: often catalase negative but do not produce H2S."
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],
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"key_rag_filters": [
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"H2S-positive Gram-positive rod → Erysipelothrix strongly likely.",
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"Non-motile + catalase negative + occupational fish/meat exposure → E. rhusiopathiae.",
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"Animal tonsil isolate → E. tonsillarum more likely."
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]
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},
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"diagnostics": {
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"typical_lab_findings": [
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"Slender gram-variable rods",
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"Non-motile",
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"Catalase negative",
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"H2S-positive on TSI slant",
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"Slow growth, small translucent colonies"
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],
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"important_tests": [
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"TSI slant for H2S",
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"Catalase test",
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"Motility test",
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"MALDI-TOF MS",
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"16S sequencing for species resolution"
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],
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"confirmation_methods": [
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"MALDI-TOF MS",
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"16S rRNA sequencing",
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"Whole-genome sequencing for animal studies"
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]
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},
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"notes": "H2S production on TSI is the single most distinctive diagnostic feature.",
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"references": [
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"Manual of Clinical Microbiology",
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"Zoonotic Erysipelothrix infection literature"
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]
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}
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