{
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "level": "species",
  "genus": "Comamonas",
  "species": "testosteroni",

  "overview": {
    "short": "Comamonas testosteroni is a Gram-negative, aerobic, non-fermentative rod primarily associated with environmental sources.",
    "clinical_context": "Rare opportunistic pathogen occasionally isolated from bloodstream, respiratory, or wound infections."
  },

  "expected_fields": {
    "Gram Stain": "Negative",
    "Shape": "Rods",
    "Motility": "Positive",
    "Capsule": "Negative",
    "Spore Formation": "Negative",
    "Haemolysis": "Negative",
    "Haemolysis Type": "None",
    "Media Grown On": [
      "Blood Agar",
      "Nutrient Agar"
    ],
    "Colony Morphology": [
      "Smooth",
      "Grey",
      "Non-pigmented"
    ],
    "Oxygen Requirement": "Aerobic",
    "Growth Temperature": "20//42",
    "Catalase": "Positive",
    "Oxidase": "Positive",
    "Indole": "Negative",
    "Urease": "Negative",
    "Citrate": "Positive",
    "Methyl Red": "Negative",
    "VP": "Negative",
    "H2S": "Negative",
    "DNase": "Negative",
    "ONPG": "Negative",
    "Coagulase": "Negative",
    "Gelatin Hydrolysis": "Variable",
    "Esculin Hydrolysis": "Negative",
    "Nitrate Reduction": "Positive",
    "NaCl Tolerant (>=6%)": "Negative",
    "Lipase Test": "Negative",
    "Lysine Decarboxylase": "Negative",
    "Ornithine Decarboxylase": "Negative",
    "Ornitihine Decarboxylase": "Negative",
    "Arginine dihydrolase": "Negative",
    "Glucose Fermentation": "Negative",
    "Lactose Fermentation": "Negative",
    "Sucrose Fermentation": "Negative",
    "Maltose Fermentation": "Negative",
    "Mannitol Fermentation": "Negative",
    "Sorbitol Fermentation": "Negative",
    "Xylose Fermentation": "Negative",
    "Rhamnose Fermentation": "Negative",
    "Arabinose Fermentation": "Negative",
    "Raffinose Fermentation": "Negative",
    "Trehalose Fermentation": "Negative",
    "Inositol Fermentation": "Negative",
    "Gas Production": "Negative",
    "TSI Pattern": "Unknown",
    "Colony Pattern": "Unknown",
    "Pigment": "None",
    "Motility Type": "Polar"
  },

  "species_markers": [
    {
      "field": "Citrate",
      "value": "Positive",
      "importance": "high",
      "notes": "Major discriminator from Comamonas kerstersii."
    },
    {
      "field": "Nitrate Reduction",
      "value": "Positive",
      "importance": "high",
      "notes": "Supports identification when combined with citrate positivity."
    },
    {
      "field": "Environmental Source",
      "value": "Common",
      "importance": "medium",
      "notes": "Frequently isolated from soil and water."
    }
  ],

  "common_confusions": [
    {
      "species": "Comamonas kerstersii",
      "reason": "Overlapping morphology and non-fermentative biochemistry."
    },
    {
      "genus": "Achromobacter",
      "reason": "Shared oxidase-positive, non-fermentative profile."
    }
  ],

  "when_to_question_identification": [
    "Citrate negativity suggests Comamonas kerstersii.",
    "Clinical isolation from intra-abdominal infections favors C. kerstersii.",
    "Glucose fermentation excludes Comamonas species."
  ],

  "recommended_next_tests": [
    {
      "test": "Citrate utilization",
      "reason": "Primary biochemical discriminator.",
      "api_kit": "API 20NE"
    },
    {
      "test": "Nitrate reduction",
      "reason": "Supports species-level separation.",
      "api_kit": "API 20NE"
    },
    {
      "test": "MALDI-TOF MS",
      "reason": "Definitive species identification.",
      "api_kit": "Not applicable"
    }
  ]
}