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app.py
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@@ -27,27 +27,5 @@ from scientifc literature and evaluated legislative defnitions of ponds, wetland
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a large dataset of pond characteristics and ecosystem function from a global literature survey and compared
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ecosystem structural and functional metrics among ponds, wetlands, and lakes. Finally, we propose an evidencebased pond defnition.
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Results and discussion
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Current scientifc defnitions of ponds. We compiled existing scientifc defnitions of ponds by conducting a backwards and forwards search of papers referenced in or subsequently referencing three seminal
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pond papers8,17,18 (see “Methods”). We ultimately compiled 54 pond defnitions from scientifc literature (data
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available19). Te variables most ofen included in defnitions were surface area (91% of defnitions), depth (48%),
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permanence (48%), origin (i.e., natural or human-made; 33%), and standing water (33%; Fig. 2a). When surface
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area or depth were included in defnitions, they were ofen mentioned qualitatively (e.g., “small” and “shallow”).
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Of the 61% of defnitions that included a maximum pond surface area, the range was 0.1 to 100 ha, the median
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was 2 ha, and all but two defnitions were≤10 ha (Fig. 2b). For depth, only 17% of studies provided a maximum
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depth cutof, which ranged 2 to 8 m (Fig. 2c). Of the 26 defnitions mentioning permanence, 22 stated that ponds
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could be temporary or permanent and only three indicated that ponds are exclusively permanent waterbodies.
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Of the 18 defnitions mentioning origin, 17 mentioned that ponds could be natural or human-made with the
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remaining study indicating ponds can have diverse origins.
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Other important factors included in defnitions related to morphometry. For example, 30% of defnitions
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mentioned the potential for plants to colonize the entire basin, which relates to high light penetration (mentioned
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in 11% of defnitions) and/or shallow depths. For example, Wetzel11 defnes ponds as having enough light penetration that macrophyte photosynthesis can occur over the entire waterbody. As such, these conditions may be
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Figure 1. We call lentic waterbodies by a variety of names in the English language including ponds, lakes,
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wetlands, reservoirs, oxbows, prairie potholes, vernal pools, lagoons, dams, puddles, and shallow lakes. Tese
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names may or may not correspond to ecological and systematic diferences. Generally, laypeople and experts, as
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individuals, will quickly diferentiate among broad categories of ponds, lakes, and wetlands; however, individuals
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may respond in diferent ways depending on their background and experiences. We present three diferent
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images of waterbodies that could each be categorized as lake, pond, or wetland using objective (e.g., morphology
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or vegetative cover) or more subjective criteria keeping cognizant of the complexity within and potential overlap
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among waterbody types.
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"""
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st.write(summarizer(ARTICLE, max_length=130, min_length=30, do_sample=False))
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a large dataset of pond characteristics and ecosystem function from a global literature survey and compared
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ecosystem structural and functional metrics among ponds, wetlands, and lakes. Finally, we propose an evidencebased pond defnition.
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Results and discussion
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"""
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st.write(summarizer(ARTICLE, max_length=130, min_length=30, do_sample=False))
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