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GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN


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Glacial lake distribution has been analyzed as per area range vs. elevation range-wise, given in Table 22 and Figure 27. It is noted that, 52.46% of glacial lakes (405) are situated in altitude range of 3,001 - 4,000 m amsl, which constitutes a total lake area of 54.61%. However, majority of glacial lakes (334) of size < 5 ha lies in the range of 3,001 - 4,000 m. It has been further noticed that, no lakes are lying at very high altitude of > 5,000 m.

5. RESULTS
5.2 Subbasin-Wise Statistics
Area-Elevation range-wise Distribution


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Table: Table 22: Area range-wise vs. Elevation range-wise distribution of GL in Dibang subbasin

| S. No. | Lake Area Range (ha) | Elevation Range (m) - up to 3,000 - No. of Lakes | Elevation Range (m) - up to 3,000 - Total Lake Area (ha) | Elevation Range (m) - 3,001 - 4,000 - No. of Lakes | Elevation Range (m) - 3,001 - 4,000 - Total Lake Area (ha) | Elevation Range (m) - 4,001 - 5,000 - No. of Lakes | Elevation Range (m) - 4,001 - 5,000 - Total Lake Area (ha) | Elevation Range (m) - > 5,000 - No. of Lakes | Elevation Range (m) - > 5,000 - Total Lake Area (ha) | Total - No. of Lakes | Total - Lake Area (ha) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0.25 - 0.5 | 0 | 0.00 | 13 | 5.34 | 11 | 4.56 | 0 | 0.00 | 24 | 9.90 |
| 2 | 0.5 - 1 | 0 | 0.00 | 34 | 25.03 | 48 | 35.92 | 0 | 0.00 | 82 | 60.95 |
| 3 | 1 - 5 | 0 | 0.00 | 178 | 485.06 | 156 | 414.64 | 0 | 0.00 | 334 | 899.70 |
| 4 | 5 - 10 | 0 | 0.00 | 81 | 594.52 | 63 | 435.92 | 0 | 0.00 | 144 | 1,030.44 |
| 5 | 10 - 50 | 2 | 27.46 | 90 | 1,778.56 | 83 | 1,726.28 | 0 | 0.00 | 175 | 3,532.30 |
| 6 | > 50 | 0 | 0.00 | 9 | 698.00 | 4 | 335.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 13 | 1,032.81 |
| | **Total** | **2** | **27.46** | **405** | **3,586.02** | **365** | **2,952.62** | **0** | **0.00** | **772** | **6,566.10** |


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Figure: Figure 27: Area range-wise vs. Elevation range-wise distribution of GL in Dibang subbasin

**Figure 27: Area range-wise vs. Elevation range-wise distribution of GL in Dibang subbasin**


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GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN

**Type-Elevation range-wise Distribution**

Glacial lake distribution has also been analyzed as per type-wise vs. elevation range-wise, given in Table 23 and Figure 28. The dominant lake type in the subbasin i.e., Other Glacial Erosion lakes (601) with 77.85% are predominantly located in the elevation range of 3,001 - 4,000 m (53.58%). The other dominant lake type, Cirque Erosion Lakes are distributed predominantly in 3,001 - 5,000 m and 4,001 - 5,000 m elevation ranges with 40.43% and 59.57% respectively. Only 2 lakes of total Other Moraine-dammed Lakes lie above 4,000 m elevation. Elevation range-type-wise distribution of glacial lakes has been represented in Figure 29.


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Table: Table 23: Type-wise vs. Elevation range-wise distribution of GL in Dibang subbasin

| S. No. | Elevation Range (m) | Types of Glacial Lake M(e) | Types of Glacial Lake M(l) | Types of Glacial Lake M(lg) | Types of Glacial Lake M(o) | Types of Glacial Lake I(s) | Types of Glacial Lake I(d) | Types of Glacial Lake E(c) | Types of Glacial Lake E(v) | Types of Glacial Lake E(o) | Types of Glacial Lake O | Total |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| 1 | up to 3,000 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 2 | 3,001 - 4,000 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 57 | 0 | 322 | 26 | 405 |
| 3 | 4,001 - 5,000 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 84 | 0 | 279 | 0 | 365 |
| 4 | > 5,000 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| | **Total** | **1** | **0** | **0** | **1** | **0** | **0** | **141** | **0** | **601** | **28** | **772** |

S. No.
Elevation Range (m)
Types of Glacial Lake M(e)
Types of Glacial Lake M(l)
Types of Glacial Lake M(lg)
Types of Glacial Lake M(o)
Types of Glacial Lake I(s)
Types of Glacial Lake I(d)
Types of Glacial Lake E(c)
Types of Glacial Lake E(v)
Types of Glacial Lake E(o)
Types of Glacial Lake O
Total


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Figure: Figure 28: Type-wise vs. Elevation range-wise distribution of GL in Dibang subbasin

**Figure 28: Type-wise vs. Elevation range-wise distribution of GL in Dibang subbasin**


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GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN


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Figure: Figure 29: Elevation range-Type-wise spatial distribution of GL in Dibang subbasin

**Figure 29: Elevation range-Type-wise spatial distribution of GL in Dibang subbasin**


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.2 Subbasin-Wise Statistics > 5.2.3 Dihang Subbasin
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The Dihang subbasin is the Seventh largest subbasin of the Brahmaputra River basin covering a total area of 22,158 Km² i.e. 5.54% of the total basin area (Figure 30). It is formed by the confluence of two small rivers, Namphuk and Namchik, which originate in the Patkai hills, part of the Eastern Himalayan ranges in Arunachal Pradesh. Shyom River is one of the main tributary of Dihang River. A total of 433 glacial lakes has been mapped, covering a total area of 2,923.66 ha i.e. 0.13% of the total area of the subbasin.

GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN

5. RESULTS
5.2 Subbasin-Wise Statistics
5.2.3 Dihang Subbasin


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In Dihang subbasin, glacial lakes have been distributed in all 6 classes of area ranges. Table 24 and Figure 31 shows the area range-wise distribution of glacial lakes for the Dihang subbasin. About 275 (63.51%) lakes are with < 5 ha lake area contributing to 17.44% of total lake area. The remaining lakes with > 5 ha in size are only 158 (36.49%) but contributing to 82.56% of total lake area in the subbasin.

5. RESULTS
5.2 Subbasin-Wise Statistics
Area range-wise Distribution


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Table: Table 24: Area range-wise distribution of GL in Dihang subbasin

| S. No. | Lake Area Range (ha) | No. of Lakes | Total Lake Area (ha) | Total Lake Area (%) |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| 1 | 0.25 - 0.5 | 39 | 13.89 | 0.48 |
| 2 | 0.5 - 1 | 60 | 43.21 | 1.48 |
| 3 | 1 - 5 | 176 | 452.83 | 15.49 |
| 4 | 5 - 10 | 78 | 543.84 | 18.60 |
| 5 | 10 - 50 | 77 | 1,602.17 | 54.80 |
| 6 | > 50 | 3 | 267.72 | 9.16 |
| | **Total** | **433** | **2,923.66** | **100.00** |

S. No.
Lake Area Range (ha)
No. of Lakes
Total Lake Area (ha)
Total Lake Area (%)


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GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN

**Type-wise Distribution**

Distribution of different types of glacial lakes in the Dihang subbasin is given in Table 25 and Figure 32. Out of 10 types of glacial lakes, 7 types of lake are present in the Dihang subbasin, where Other Glacial Erosion lakes are found to be the maximum with 301 (69.52%) occupying a total lake extent of 1,696.49 ha at 58.03% in the subbasin. After that, Cirque Erosion Lake are in majority with 108 (24.94%) extend over a total lake area of 922.66 ha (31.56%).


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Table: Table 25: Type-wise distribution of GL in Dihang subbasin

| S. No. | Code | Types of Glacial Lake | No. of Lakes | Total Lake Area (ha) | Total Lake Area (%) |
| :---: | :--- | :--- | :---: | :---: | :---: |
| 1 | M(e) | End-moraine Dammed Lake | 1 | 6.82 | 0.23 |
| 2 | M(l) | Lateral Moraine Dammed Lake | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 3 | M(lg) | Lateral Moraine Dammed Lake with Ice | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 4 | M(o) | Other Moraine Dammed Lake | 18 | 213.54 | 7.30 |
| 5 | I(s) | Supra-glacial Lake | 3 | 1.31 | 0.04 |
| 6 | I(d) | Glacier Ice-dammed Lake | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 7 | E(c) | Cirque Erosion Lake | 108 | 922.66 | 31.56 |
| 8 | E(v) | Glacier Trough Valley Erosion Lake | 1 | 70.17 | 2.40 |
| 9 | E(o) | Other Glacial Erosion Lake | 301 | 1,696.49 | 58.03 |
| 10 | O | Other Glacial Lake | 1 | 12.67 | 0.43 |
| | | **Total** | **433** | **2,923.66** | **100.00** |

S. No.
Code
Types of Glacial Lake
No. of Lakes
Total Lake Area (ha)
Total Lake Area (%)


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GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN


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Glacial lake distribution by area range vs. type-wise is given in Table 26 and Figure 33. The lakes with < 5 ha in size (63.51%) are dominant with Other Glacial Erosion (78.91%) and Cirque Erosion lake (16.36%). Lakes with > 5 ha (36.49%) are dominated by Other Glacial Erosion lakes (53.16%). All types of Moraine Dammed lakes, which constitute about 4.39% are predominantly with < 5 ha in water spread.

5. RESULTS
5.2 Subbasin-Wise Statistics
Area range-Type-wise Distribution


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Table: Table 26: Area range-wise vs. Type-wise distribution of GL in Dihang subbasin

| S. No. | Lake Area Range (ha) | M(e) | M(l) | M(lg) | M(o) | I(s) | I(d) | E(c) | E(v) | E(o) | O | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0.25 - 0.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 35 | 0 | 39 |
| 2 | 0.5 - 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 53 | 0 | 60 |
| 3 | 1 - 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 40 | 0 | 129 | 0 | 176 |
| 4 | 5 - 10 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 34 | 0 | 40 | 0 | 78 |
| 5 | 10 - 50 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 29 | 0 | 42 | 1 | 77 |
| 6 | > 50 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 3 |
| | **Total** | **1** | **0** | **0** | **18** | **3** | **0** | **108** | **1** | **301** | **1** | **433** |

S. No.
Lake Area Range (ha)
M(e)
M(l)
M(lg)
M(o)
I(s)
I(d)
E(c)
E(v)
E(o)
O
Total


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Figure: Figure 33: Area range-wise vs. Type-wise distribution of GL in Dihang subbasin

**Figure 33: Area range-wise vs. Type-wise distribution of GL in Dihang subbasin**


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GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN

**Elevation range-wise Distribution**

Elevation range-wise distribution of the glacial lakes in the Dihang subbasin has been shown in Table 27 and Figure 34. Majority of glacial lakes are situated below 4,000 m elevation range i.e. 229 (52.89%) with total lake area of 1,640.37 ha (56.11%) and remaining 47.11% glacial lakes are above 4,000 m elevation.


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Table: Table 27: Elevation range-wise distribution of GL in Dihang subbasin

| S. No. | Elevation Range (m) | No. of Lakes | Total Lake Area (ha) | Total Lake Area (%) |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| 1 | up to 3,000 | 2 | 26.48 | 0.91 |
| 2 | 3,001 - 4,000 | 227 | 1,613.89 | 55.20 |
| 3 | 4,001 - 5,000 | 204 | 1,283.29 | 43.89 |
| 4 | > 5,000 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| | **Total** | **433** | **2,923.66** | **100.00** |

S. No.
Elevation Range (m)
No. of Lakes
Total Lake Area (ha)
Total Lake Area (%)


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Figure: Figure 34: Elevation range-wise distribution of GL in Dihang subbasin

**Figure 34: Elevation range-wise distribution of GL in Dihang subbasin**


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GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN


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Glacial lake distribution has been analyzed as per area range vs. elevation range-wise, given in Table 28 and Figure 35. It is noted that, 47.11% of glacial lakes (204) and 52.42% of glacial lakes (227) are situated in the range of 4,001 – 5,000 m and 3,001 – 4,000 m amsl respectively, which also constitutes total lake area of 2,897.18 ha (99.09%). However, no glacial lakes lies above 5,000 m. Lakes in the elevation of range of 3,001 – 4,001 m and 4,001 – 5,000 m are well distributed in all the lake area ranges.


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Table: Table 28: Area range-wise vs. Elevation range-wise distribution of GL in Dihang subbasin

| S. No. | Lake Area Range (ha) | Elevation Range (m) - up to 3,000 - No. of lakes | Elevation Range (m) - up to 3,000 - Total Lake Area (ha) | Elevation Range (m) - 3,001 - 4,000 - No. of lakes | Elevation Range (m) - 3,001 - 4,000 - Total Lake Area (ha) | Elevation Range (m) - 4,001 - 5,000 - No. of lakes | Elevation Range (m) - 4,001 - 5,000 - Total Lake Area (ha) | Elevation Range (m) - > 5,000 - No. of lakes | Elevation Range (m) - > 5,000 - Total Lake Area (ha) | Total - No. of lakes | Total - Lake Area (ha) |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| 1 | 0.25 - 0.5 | 0 | 0.00 | 17 | 5.88 | 22 | 8.01 | 0 | 0.00 | 39 | 13.89 |
| 2 | 0.5 - 1 | 0 | 0.00 | 26 | 18.53 | 34 | 24.68 | 0 | 0.00 | 60 | 43.21 |
| 3 | 1 - 5 | 0 | 0.00 | 95 | 246.22 | 81 | 206.61 | 0 | 0.00 | 176 | 452.83 |
| 4 | 5 - 10 | 1 | 5.76 | 49 | 336.78 | 28 | 201.30 | 0 | 0.00 | 78 | 543.84 |
| 5 | 10 - 50 | 1 | 20.72 | 38 | 842.51 | 38 | 738.94 | 0 | 0.00 | 77 | 1,602.17 |
| 6 | > 50 | 0 | 0.00 | 2 | 164.00 | 1 | 104.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 3 | 267.72 |
| **Total** | | **2** | **26.48** | **227** | **1,613.89** | **204** | **1,283.29** | **0** | **0.00** | **433** | **2,923.66** |


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Figure: Figure 35: Area range-wise vs. Elevation range-wise distribution of GL in Dihang subbasin

**Figure 35: Area range-wise vs. Elevation range-wise distribution of GL in Dihang subbasin**


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GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN


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Glacial lake distribution has also been analyzed as per type-wise vs. elevation range-wise, given in Table 29 and Figure 36. The dominant lake type in the subbasin i.e., Other Glacial Erosion lakes (69.51%) are predominantly located in the elevation range of 3,001 – 4,000 m (54.82%). Other Moraine Dammed are distributed predominantly in the elevation range of 4,001 – 5,000 m i.e. 94.44%. Elevation range-type-wise distribution of glacial lakes has been represented in Figure 37.

5. RESULTS
5.2 Subbasin-Wise Statistics
Type-Elevation range-wise Distribution


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Table: Table 29: Type-wise vs. Elevation range-wise distribution of GL in Dihang subbasin

| S. No. | Elevation Range (m) | M(e) | M(l) | M(lg) | M(o) | I(s) | I(d) | E(c) | E(v) | E(o) | O | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | up to 3,000 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2 | 3,001 - 4,000 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 56 | 1 | 165 | 1 | 227 |
| 3 | 4,001 - 5,000 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 52 | 0 | 134 | 0 | 204 |
| 4 | > 5,000 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| | **Total** | **1** | **0** | **0** | **18** | **3** | **0** | **108** | **1** | **301** | **1** | **433** |

S. No.
Elevation Range (m)
M(e)
M(l)
M(lg)
M(o)
I(s)
I(d)
E(c)
E(v)
E(o)
O
Total


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Figure: Figure 36: Type-wise vs. Elevation range-wise distribution of GL in Dihang subbasin

**Figure 36: Type-wise vs. Elevation range-wise distribution of GL in Dihang subbasin**


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GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN


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Figure: Figure 37: Elevation range-Type-wise spatial distribution of GL in Dihang subbasin

Figure 37: Elevation range-Type-wise spatial distribution of GL in Dihang subbasin


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The Jia Bharali subbasin is the eighth largest subbasin of the Brahmaputra River basin covering a total area of 13,084 Km² i.e. 3.27% of the total basin area (Figure 38). Bhareli River and Bichom River are the two main tributaries. The Bhareli river originates in the hills of Arunachal Pradesh and flows through the heart of Tezpur before its confluence with the Brahmaputra River. A total of 234 glacial lakes has been mapped, covering a total area of 640.12 ha i.e. 0.04% of the total area of the subbasin.

GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN

**Area range-wise Distribution**

In Jia Bharali subbasin, glacial lakes have been distributed in 5 classes of area ranges except > 50 ha range. Table 30 and Figure 39 shows the area range-wise distribution of glacial lakes for the Jia Bharali subbasin. About 200 (85.47%) lakes are with < 5 ha lake area contributing to 43.05% of total lake area. The remaining lakes with > 5 ha in size are only 34 (14.53%) contributing to 56.95% of total lake area in the subbasin.

5. RESULTS
5.2 Subbasin-Wise Statistics
5.2.4 Jia Bharali Subbasin


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Table: Table 30: Area range-wise distribution of GL in Jia Bharali subbasin

| S. No. | Lake Area Range (ha) | No. of Lakes | Total Lake Area (ha) | Total Lake Area (%) |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| 1 | 0.25 - 0.5 | 43 | 16.00 | 2.50 |
| 2 | 0.5 - 1 | 63 | 43.82 | 6.85 |
| 3 | 1 - 5 | 94 | 215.77 | 33.71 |
| 4 | 5 - 10 | 24 | 168.51 | 26.32 |
| 5 | 10 - 50 | 10 | 196.02 | 30.62 |
| 6 | > 50 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| | **Total** | **234** | **640.12** | **100.00** |


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National Remote Sensing Centre, ISRO, Hyderabad | 49

GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN


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Distribution of different types of glacial lakes in the Jia Bharali subbasin is given in Table 31 and Figure 40. Out of 10 types of glacial lakes, 5 types of lake are present in the Jia Bharali subbasin, where Other Glacial Erosion Lakes are found to be the maximum with 192 (82.05%) occupying a total lake extent of 520.46 ha at 81.31% in the subbasin. After that, Other Moraine Dammed Lake and Cirque Erosion lakes are in majority with 26 (11.11%) and 13 (5.56%) and extend over a total lake area of 46.05 ha (7.19%) and 51.5 ha (8.05%) respectively.

5. RESULTS
5.2 Subbasin-Wise Statistics
Type-wise Distribution


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Table: Table 31: Type-wise distribution of GL in Jia Bharali subbasin

| S. No. | Code | Types of Glacial Lake | No. of Lakes | Total Lake Area (ha) | Total Lake Area (%) |
| :---: | :--- | :--- | :---: | :---: | :---: |
| 1 | M(e) | End-moraine Dammed Lake | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 2 | M(l) | Lateral Moraine Dammed Lake | 1 | 13.80 | 2.16 |
| 3 | M(lg) | Lateral Moraine Dammed Lake with Ice | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 4 | M(o) | Other Moraine Dammed Lake | 26 | 46.05 | 7.19 |
| 5 | I(s) | Supra-glacial Lake | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 6 | I(d) | Glacier Ice-dammed Lake | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 7 | E(c) | Cirque Erosion Lake | 13 | 51.50 | 8.05 |
| 8 | E(v) | Glacier Trough Valley Erosion Lake | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 9 | E(o) | Other Glacial Erosion Lake | 192 | 520.46 | 81.31 |
| 10 | O | Other Glacial Lake | 2 | 8.31 | 1.30 |
| | | **Total** | **234** | **640.12** | **100.00** |


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GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN


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Glacial lake distribution by area range vs. type-wise is given in Table 32 and Figure 41. The lakes with < 5 ha in size (85.47%) are dominant with Other Glacial Erosion lakes (83%) and Other Moraine Dammed (11.50%). Lakes with > 5 ha (14.53%) are dominated by Other Glacial Erosion Lake (76.47%). All types of Moraine Dammed lakes, which constitute about 85.18% are predominantly with < 5 ha in water spread.


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Table: Table 32: Area range-wise vs. Type-wise distribution of GL in Jia Bharali subbasin

| S. No. | Lake Area Range (ha) | Types of Glacial Lake | | | | | | | | | | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| | | **M(e)** | **M(l)** | **M(lg)** | **M(o)** | **I(s)** | **I(d)** | **E(c)** | **E(v)** | **E(o)** | **O** | |
| 1 | 0.25 - 0.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 37 | 0 | 43 |
| 2 | 0.5 - 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 51 | 1 | 63 |
| 3 | 1 - 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 78 | 0 | 94 |
| 4 | 5 - 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 18 | 1 | 24 |
| 5 | 10 - 50 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 10 |
| 6 | > 50 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| **Total** | | **0** | **1** | **0** | **26** | **0** | **0** | **13** | **0** | **192** | **2** | **234** |

S. No.
Lake Area Range (ha)
Types of Glacial Lake
Total


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.2 Subbasin-Wise Statistics > Area range-Type-wise Distribution
Type: text

GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN

**Elevation range-wise Distribution**

Elevation range-wise distribution of the glacial lakes in the Jai Bharali subbasin has been shown in Table 33 and Figure 42. Majority of glacial lakes are situated in 4,001 - 5,000 m elevation range i.e. 195 (83.33%) with total lake area of 500.45 ha (78.18%) and remaining 23 glacial lakes constituting area of 44.00 ha (6.87%) are in > 5000 m elevation range.


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.2 Subbasin-Wise Statistics > Area range-Type-wise Distribution
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Table: Table 33: Elevation range-wise distribution of GL in Jia Bharali subbasin

| S. No. | Elevation Range (m) | No. of Lakes | Total Lake Area (ha) | Total Lake Area (%) |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| 1 | up to 3,000 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 2 | 3,001 - 4,000 | 16 | 95.67 | 14.95 |
| 3 | 4,001 - 5,000 | 195 | 500.45 | 78.18 |
| 4 | > 5,000 | 23 | 44.00 | 6.87 |
| | **Total** | **234** | **640.12** | **100.00** |


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.2 Subbasin-Wise Statistics > Area range-Type-wise Distribution
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Figure: Figure 42: Elevation range-wise distribution of GL in Jia Bharali subbasin

**Figure 42: Elevation range-wise distribution of GL in Jia Bharali subbasin**


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.2 Subbasin-Wise Statistics > Area range-Type-wise Distribution
Type: text

GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN

**Area-Elevation range-wise Distribution**

Glacial lake distribution has been analyzed as per area range vs. elevation range-wise, given in Table 34 and Figure 43. It is noted that, 83.33% of glacial lakes (195) are situated in high altitude range i.e. 4,001 - 5,000 m amsl out of total of 234 lakes. However, only 23 glacial lakes lies above the 5,000 m elevation, predominantly having size of < 5ha. It has been further noticed that, 82.35% of lakes > 5 ha are lying within in high altitude range i.e. 4,001 - 5,000 m, with majority in the ranges of 5 - 10 ha.


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.2 Subbasin-Wise Statistics > Area range-Type-wise Distribution
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Table: Table 34: Area range-wise vs. Elevation range-wise distribution of GL in Jia Bharali subbasin

| S. No. | Lake Area Range (ha) | Elevation Range (m) up to 3,000: No. of lakes | Elevation Range (m) up to 3,000: Total Lake Area (ha) | Elevation Range (m) 3,001 - 4,000: No. of lakes | Elevation Range (m) 3,001 - 4,000: Total Lake Area (ha) | Elevation Range (m) 4,001 - 5,000: No. of lakes | Elevation Range (m) 4,001 - 5,000: Total Lake Area (ha) | Elevation Range (m) > 5,000: No. of lakes | Elevation Range (m) > 5,000: Total Lake Area (ha) | Total: No. of lakes | Total: Lake Area (ha) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0.25 - 0.5 | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 0.43 | 37 | 13.89 | 5 | 1.68 | 43 | 16.00 |
| 2 | 0.5 - 1 | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 0.87 | 55 | 38.15 | 7 | 4.80 | 63 | 43.82 |
| 3 | 1 - 5 | 0 | 0.00 | 11 | 27.12 | 75 | 169.77 | 8 | 18.88 | 94 | 215.77 |
| 4 | 5 - 10 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 21 | 149.87 | 3 | 18.64 | 24 | 168.51 |
| 5 | 10 - 50 | 0 | 0.00 | 3 | 67.25 | 7 | 128.77 | 0 | 0.00 | 10 | 196.02 |
| 6 | > 50 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 |
| | **Total** | **0** | **0.00** | **16** | **95.67** | **195** | **500.45** | **23** | **44.00** | **234** | **640.12** |


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GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN

**Type-Elevation range-wise Distribution**

Glacial lake distribution has also been analyzed as per type-wise vs. elevation range-wise, given in Table 35 and Figure 44. The dominant lake type in the subbasin i.e., Other Glacial Erosion Lakes (82.05%) are predominantly located in the elevation range of 4,001 - 5,000 m (93.22%). The other dominant lake type, namely, Other Moraine Dammed Lakes are distributed predominantly in very high altitude elevation range of > 5,000 m. All (100%) of all types of Moraine Dammed lakes lies above 4,000 m elevation. Elevation range-type-wise distribution of glacial lakes has been represented in Figure 45.


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Table: Table 35: Type-wise vs. Elevation range-wise distribution of GL in Jia Bharali subbasin

| S. No. | Elevation Range (m) | Types of Glacial Lake M(e) | Types of Glacial Lake M(l) | Types of Glacial Lake M(lg) | Types of Glacial Lake M(o) | Types of Glacial Lake I(s) | Types of Glacial Lake I(d) | Types of Glacial Lake E(c) | Types of Glacial Lake E(c) | Types of Glacial Lake E(v) | Types of Glacial Lake O | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | up to 3,000 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2 | 3,001 - 4,000 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 16 |
| 3 | 4,001 - 5,000 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 179 | 2 | 195 |
| 4 | > 5,000 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 23 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 23 |
| | **Total** | **0** | **1** | **0** | **26** | **0** | **0** | **13** | **0** | **192** | **2** | **234** |

S. No.
Elevation Range (m)
Types of Glacial Lake M(e)
Types of Glacial Lake M(l)
Types of Glacial Lake M(lg)
Types of Glacial Lake M(o)
Types of Glacial Lake I(s)
Types of Glacial Lake I(d)
Types of Glacial Lake E(c)
Types of Glacial Lake E(c)
Types of Glacial Lake E(v)
Types of Glacial Lake O
Total


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Figure: Figure 44: Type-wise vs. Elevation range-wise distribution of GL in Jia Bharali subbasin

**Figure 44: Type-wise vs. Elevation range-wise distribution of GL in Jia Bharali subbasin**


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GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN


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Figure: Figure 45: Elevation range-Type-wise spatial distribution of GL in Jia Bharali subbasin

Figure 45: Elevation range-Type-wise spatial distribution of GL in Jia Bharali subbasin


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.2 Subbasin-Wise Statistics > 5.2.5 Lhasa Tsangpo Subbasin
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The Lhasa Tsangpo subbasin is the third largest subbasin of the Brahmaputra River basin covering a total area of 32,896 Km² i.e. 8.23% of the total basin area (Figure 46). The Lhasa River is the longest of the Yarlung Tsangpo tributaries. It flows through the south of the Tibet Autonomous Region of China, and is a left tributary of the Yarlung Tsangpo which is about 450 kilometers long. Tsenrak Chu is one of the main tributaries of the Lhasa Tsangpo River. A total of 1,225 lakes were mapped, covering a total area of 6,980.94 ha i.e. 0.21% of the total area of the subbasin.

GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN

5. RESULTS
5.2 Subbasin-Wise Statistics
5.2.5 Lhasa Tsangpo Subbasin


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In Lhasa Tsangpo subbasin, glacial lakes have been distributed in all area ranges. Table 36 and Figure 47 shows the area range-wise distribution of glacial lakes for the Lhasa Tsangpo subbasin. About 1,048 (85.55%) lakes are with < 5 ha lake area contributing to 19.33% of total lake area. The remaining lakes with > 5 ha in size are only 177 (14.45%) contributing to 80.67% of total lake area in the subbasin.


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.2 Subbasin-Wise Statistics > Area range-wise Distribution
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Table: Table 36: Area range-wise distribution of GL in Lhasa Tsangpo subbasin

| S. No. | Lake Area Range (ha) | No. of Lakes | Total Lake Area (ha) | Total Lake Area (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0.25 - 0.5 | 267 | 98.10 | 1.41 |
| 2 | 0.5 - 1 | 294 | 209.19 | 3.00 |
| 3 | 1 - 5 | 487 | 1,041.65 | 14.92 |
| 4 | 5 - 10 | 84 | 567.46 | 8.13 |
| 5 | 10 - 50 | 72 | 1,413.21 | 20.24 |
| 6 | > 50 | 21 | 3,651.33 | 52.30 |
| | **Total** | **1,225** | **6,980.94** | **100.00** |

S. No.
Lake Area Range (ha)
No. of Lakes
Total Lake Area (ha)
Total Lake Area (%)


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GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN


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Distribution of different types of glacial lakes in the Lhasa Tsangpo subbasin is given in Table 37 and Figure 48. Out of 10 types of glacial lakes, only 7 types of lake are present in the Lhasa Tsangpo subbasin, where Other Glacial Erosion Lakes are found to be the maximum with 673 (54.94%) occupying a total lake area extent of 3,824.79 ha at 54.79% in the subbasin. Two other types of lake, namely, Other Moraine Dammed and Other Glacier lakes are 126 (10.29%) and 389 (31.76%) and extend over lake area of 220.78 ha (3.16%) and 2,759.67 ha (39.53%) respectively.


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Table: Table 37: Type-wise distribution of GL in Lhasa Tsangpo subbasin

| S. No. | Code | Types of Glacial Lake | No. of Lakes | Total Lake Area (ha) | Total Lake Area (%) |
| :---: | :---: | :--- | ---: | ---: | ---: |
| 1 | M(e) | End-moraine Dammed Lake | 9 | 70.26 | 1.01 |
| 2 | M(l) | Lateral Moraine Dammed Lake | 1 | 20.39 | 0.29 |
| 3 | M(lg) | Lateral Moraine Dammed Lake with Ice | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 4 | M(o) | Other Moraine Dammed Lake | 126 | 220.78 | 3.16 |
| 5 | I(s) | Supra-glacial Lake | 4 | 2.16 | 0.03 |
| 6 | I(d) | Glacier Ice-dammed Lake | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 7 | E(c) | Cirque Erosion Lake | 23 | 82.90 | 1.19 |
| 8 | E(v) | Glacier Trough Valley Erosion Lake | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 9 | E(o) | Other Glacial Erosion Lake | 673 | 3,824.79 | 54.79 |
| 10 | O | Other Glacial Lake | 389 | 2,759.67 | 39.53 |
| | | **Total** | **1,225** | **6,980.94** | **100.00** |

S. No.
Code
Types of Glacial Lake
No. of Lakes
Total Lake Area (ha)
Total Lake Area (%)


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GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN

**Area range-Type-wise Distribution**

Glacial lake distribution by area range vs. type-wise is given in Table 38 and Figure 49. The lakes with < 5 ha in size (85.55%) are dominant with Other Glacial Erosion Lake (55.05%) and Other Glacial lake (31.29%). Lakes with > 5 ha (14.45%) are equally by Other Glacial Erosion Lake (54.23%) and Other Glacial lake (34.46%). All types of Moraine Dammed lakes, which constitutes about 11.10% are predominantly with < 5 ha in water spread


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Table: Table 38: Area range-wise vs. Type-wise distribution of GL in Lhasa Tsangpo subbasin

| S. No. | Lake Area Range (ha) | M(e) | M(l) | M(lg) | M(o) | I(s) | I(d) | E(c) | E(v) | E(o) | O | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0.25 - 0.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 28 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 132 | 104 | 267 |
| 2 | 0.5 - 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 39 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 167 | 84 | 294 |
| 3 | 1 - 5 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 15 | 0 | 278 | 140 | 487 |
| 4 | 5 - 10 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 40 | 32 | 84 |
| 5 | 10 - 50 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 42 | 22 | 72 |
| 6 | > 50 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 14 | 7 | 21 |
| | **Total** | **9** | **1** | **0** | **126** | **4** | **0** | **23** | **0** | **673** | **389** | **1,225** |

S. No.
Lake Area Range (ha)
M(e)
M(l)
M(lg)
M(o)
I(s)
I(d)
E(c)
E(v)
E(o)
O
Total


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GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN

**Elevation range-wise Distribution**

Elevation range-wise distribution of the glacial lakes in the Lhasa Tsangpo subbasin has been shown in Table 39 and Figure 50. Except one, all glacial lakes are situated above 4,000 m elevation range i.e. 1,224 (99.92%) with total lake area of 6,980.46 ha (99.99%) and remaining 1 glacial lake is in the range of 3,001 - 4,000 m elevation.


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.2 Subbasin-Wise Statistics > Type-wise Distribution
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Table: Table 39: Elevation range-wise distribution of GL in Lhasa Tsangpo subbasin

| S. No. | Elevation Range (m) | No. of Lakes | Total Lake Area (ha) | Total Lake Area (%) |
| :---: | :--- | :---: | :---: | :---: |
| 1 | up to 3,000 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 2 | 3,001 - 4,000 | 1 | 0.49 | 0.01 |
| 3 | 4,001 - 5,000 | 376 | 3,684.05 | 52.77 |
| 4 | > 5,000 | 848 | 3,296.40 | 47.22 |
| | **Total** | **1,225** | **6,980.94** | **100.00** |

S. No.
Elevation Range (m)
No. of Lakes
Total Lake Area (ha)
Total Lake Area (%)


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Figure: Figure 50: Elevation range-wise distribution of GL in Lhasa Tsangpo subbasin

**Figure 50: Elevation range-wise distribution of GL in Lhasa Tsangpo subbasin**


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GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN


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Glacial lake distribution has been analyzed as per area range vs. elevation range-wise, given in Table 40 and Figure 51. It is noted that, 30.69% of glacial lakes (376) are situated in high altitude range i.e. 4,001 - 5,000 m amsl, which also constitutes maximum total lake area within that range i.e. 52.77%. However, 848 glacial lakes lies above 5,000 m, has majority of its lakes are < 5 ha i.e. 87.38%. Maximum lakes lying in high altitude range is of size ranging 1 - 5 ha (i.e. 138), followed by lakes of size 0.25 – 0.5 ha (i.e. 92). It has been further noticed that, 18.61% of lakes > 5 ha are lying within in high altitude range i.e. 4,001 - 5,000 m, majority of them falling in size ranging of 10 - 50 ha.


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Table: Table 40: Area range-wise vs. Elevation range-wise distribution of GL in Lhasa Tsangpo subbasin

| S. No. | Lake Area Range (ha) | Elevation Range (m) - up to 3,000 - No. of lakes | Elevation Range (m) - up to 3,000 - Total Lake Area (ha) | Elevation Range (m) - 3,001 - 4,000 - No. of lakes | Elevation Range (m) - 3,001 - 4,000 - Total Lake Area (ha) | Elevation Range (m) - 4,001 - 5,000 - No. of lakes | Elevation Range (m) - 4,001 - 5,000 - Total Lake Area (ha) | Elevation Range (m) - > 5,000 - No. of lakes | Elevation Range (m) - > 5,000 - Total Lake Area (ha) | Total - No. of lakes | Total - Lake Area (ha) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0.25 - 0.5 | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 0.49 | 92 | 34.98 | 174 | 62.63 | 267 | 98.10 |
| 2 | 0.5 - 1 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 76 | 54.79 | 218 | 154.40 | 294 | 209.19 |
| 3 | 1 - 5 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 138 | 284.08 | 349 | 757.57 | 487 | 1,041.65 |
| 4 | 5 - 10 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 26 | 181.03 | 58 | 386.43 | 84 | 567.46 |
| 5 | 10 - 50 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 29 | 566.75 | 43 | 846.46 | 72 | 1,413.21 |
| 6 | > 50 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 15 | 2,562.00 | 6 | 1,089.00 | 21 | 3,651.33 |
| **Total** | | **0** | **0.00** | **1** | **0.49** | **376** | **3,684.05** | **848** | **3,296.40** | **1,225** | **6,980.94** |


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GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN


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Glacial lake distribution has also been analyzed as per type-wise vs. elevation range-wise, given in Table 41 and Figure 52. The dominant lake types in the subbasin i.e., Other Glacial Erosion Lakes (54.93%) are predominantly located in the very high elevation range of > 5,000 m (69.22%). The other dominant lake type, namely, Other Moraine Dammed and Other Glacial lakes are also seen > 5,000 m elevation range i.e. 14.85% and 11.43% respectively. All types of Moraine-dammed lakes, lie above 5,000 m elevation. Elevation range-type-wise distribution of glacial lakes has been represented in Figure 53.


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Table: Table 41: Type-wise vs. Elevation range-wise distribution of GL in Lhasa Tsangpo subbasin

| S. No. | Elevation Range (m) | Types of Glacial Lake M(e) | Types of Glacial Lake M(l) | Types of Glacial Lake M(lg) | Types of Glacial Lake M(o) | Types of Glacial Lake I(s) | Types of Glacial Lake I(d) | Types of Glacial Lake E(c) | Types of Glacial Lake E(c) | Types of Glacial Lake E(o) | Types of Glacial Lake O | Total |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| 1 | up to 3,000 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2 | 3,001 - 4,000 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 3 | 4,001 - 5,000 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 85 | 291 | 376 |
| 4 | > 5,000 | 9 | 1 | 0 | 126 | 4 | 0 | 23 | 0 | 588 | 97 | 848 |
| | **Total** | **9** | **1** | **0** | **126** | **4** | **0** | **23** | **0** | **673** | **389** | **1,225** |

S. No.
Elevation Range (m)
Types of Glacial Lake M(e)
Types of Glacial Lake M(l)
Types of Glacial Lake M(lg)
Types of Glacial Lake M(o)
Types of Glacial Lake I(s)
Types of Glacial Lake I(d)
Types of Glacial Lake E(c)
Types of Glacial Lake E(c)
Types of Glacial Lake E(o)
Types of Glacial Lake O
Total


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Figure: Figure 52: Type-wise vs. Elevation range-wise distribution of GL in Lhasa Tsangpo subbasin

**Figure 52: Type-wise vs. Elevation range-wise distribution of GL in Lhasa Tsangpo subbasin**


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GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN


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Figure: Figure 53: Elevation range-Type-wise spatial distribution of GL in Lhasa Tsangpo subbasin

**Figure 53: Elevation range-Type-wise spatial distribution of GL in Lhasa Tsangpo subbasin**


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.2 Subbasin-Wise Statistics > 5.2.6 Lohit Subbasin
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The Lohit subbasin is the sixth largest subbasin of the Brahmaputra River basin covering a total area of 25,799 Km² i.e. 6.45% of the total basin area (Figure 54). Lohit River is a river in Arunachal Pradesh in India. It is a tributary to the Brahmaputra River. It originates in eastern Tibet, in the Zayal Chu range and surges through Arunachal Pradesh for 200 km, before reaching in the plains of Assam. The river flows through Mishmi hills to meet the Siang at the head of the Brahmaputra valley. Kangri Karpo Chu and Zang Chu are two main tributaries of Lohit River. A total of 2,276 glacial lakes has been mapped, covering a total area of 11,529.23 ha i.e. 0.44% of the total area of the subbasin.

GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN

**Area range-wise Distribution**

In Lohit subbasin, glacial lakes have been distributed in all area ranges. Table 42 and Figure 55 shows the area range-wise distribution of glacial lakes for the Lohit subbasin. About 1,819 (79.92%) lakes are with < 5 ha lake area contributing to 22.28% of total lake area. The remaining lakes with > 5 ha in size are 457 (20.08%) contributing to 77.72% of total lake area in the subbasin.

5. RESULTS
5.2 Subbasin-Wise Statistics
5.2.6 Lohit Subbasin


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Table: Table 42: Area range-wise distribution of GL in Lohit subbasin

| S. No. | Lake Area Range (ha) | No. of Lakes | Total Lake Area (ha) | Total Lake Area (%) |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| 1 | 0.25 - 0.5 | 466 | 165.05 | 1.43 |
| 2 | 0.5 - 1 | 496 | 360.40 | 3.13 |
| 3 | 1 - 5 | 857 | 2,043.43 | 17.73 |
| 4 | 5 - 10 | 229 | 1,615.47 | 14.01 |
| 5 | 10 - 50 | 209 | 3,989.56 | 34.62 |
| 6 | > 50 | 19 | 3,355.32 | 29.12 |
| | **Total** | **2,276** | **11,529.23** | **100.00** |


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GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN


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Distribution of different types of glacial lakes in the Lohit subbasin is given in Table 43 and Figure 56. Out of 10 types of glacial lakes, only 7 types of lake are present in the Lohit subbasin, where Other Glacial lakes are found to be the maximum with 1,572 (69.06%) occupying a total lake extent of 6,632.45 ha at 57.53% in the subbasin. After that, Other Moraine Dammed lakes are in majority with 386 (16.95%) and extend over a total area of 1,589.65 ha at 13.79%. in the subbasin.


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Type: table
Table: Table 43: Type-wise distribution of GL in Lohit subbasin

| S. No. | Code | Types of Glacial Lake | No. of Lakes | Total Lake Area (ha) | Total Lake Area (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | M(e) | End-moraine Dammed Lake | 59 | 850.32 | 7.38 |
| 2 | M(l) | Lateral Moraine Dammed Lake | 5 | 102.81 | 0.89 |
| 3 | M(lg) | Lateral Moraine Dammed Lake with Ice | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 4 | M(o) | Other Moraine Dammed Lake | 386 | 1,589.65 | 13.79 |
| 5 | I(s) | Supra-glacial Lake | 12 | 11.00 | 0.10 |
| 6 | I(d) | Glacier Ice-dammed Lake | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 7 | E(c) | Cirque Erosion Lake | 82 | 879.15 | 7.63 |
| 8 | E(v) | Glacier Trough Valley Erosion Lake | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 9 | E(o) | Other Glacial Erosion Lake | 1,572 | 6,632.45 | 57.53 |
| 10 | O | Other Glacial Lake | 160 | 1,463.85 | 12.70 |
| | | **Total** | **2,276** | **11,529.23** | **100.00** |


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GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN

**Area range-Type-wise Distribution**

Glacial lake distribution by area range vs. type-wise is given in Table 44 and Figure 57. The lakes with < 5 ha in size (79.92%) are dominant with Other Glacial Erosion (70.20%) and Other Moraine Dammed lakes (17.70%). Lakes with > 5 ha (20.08%) are also dominated by Other Glacial Erosion lakes (64.55%). All types of Glacier Erosion lakes, which constitute about 72.67% are predominantly with < 5 ha in water spread.


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Table: Table 44: Area range-wise vs. Type-wise distribution of GL in Lohit subbasin

| S. No. | Lake Area Range (ha) | M(e) | M(l) | M(lg) | M(o) | I(s) | I(d) | E(c) | E(e) | E(o) | O | Total |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| 1 | 0.25 - 0.5 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 92 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 310 | 55 | 466 |
| 2 | 0.5 - 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 102 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 348 | 40 | 496 |
| 3 | 1 - 5 | 24 | 3 | 0 | 128 | 4 | 0 | 27 | 0 | 619 | 52 | 857 |
| 4 | 5 - 10 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 36 | 0 | 0 | 21 | 0 | 158 | 4 | 229 |
| 5 | 10 - 50 | 18 | 0 | 0 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 33 | 0 | 127 | 7 | 209 |
| 6 | > 50 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 2 | 19 |
| | **Total** | **59** | **5** | **0** | **386** | **12** | **0** | **82** | **0** | **1,572** | **160** | **2,276** |

S. No.
Lake Area Range (ha)
M(e)
M(l)
M(lg)
M(o)
I(s)
I(d)
E(c)
E(e)
E(o)
O
Total


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National Remote Sensing Centre, ISRO, Hyderabad | 67

GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN

**Elevation range-wise Distribution**

Elevation range-wise distribution of the glacial lakes in the Lohit subbasin has been shown in Table 45 and Figure 58. Majority of glacial lakes are situated above 4,000 m elevation range i.e. 1,990 (87.43%) with total lake area of 7,575.13 ha (65.70%) and remaining 12.57% glacial lakes are below 4,000 m elevation.


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Table: Table 45: Elevation range-wise distribution of GL in Lohit subbasin

| S. No. | Elevation Range (m) | No. of Lakes | Total Lake Area (ha) | Total Lake Area (%) |
| :---: | :--- | :---: | :---: | :---: |
| 1 | up to 3,000 | 5 | 58.10 | 0.50 |
| 2 | 3,001 - 4,000 | 281 | 3,896.04 | 33.79 |
| 3 | 4,001 - 5,000 | 1,735 | 7,025.16 | 60.93 |
| 4 | > 5,000 | 255 | 549.93 | 4.77 |
| | **Total** | **2,276** | **11,529.23** | **100.00** |


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Figure: Figure 58: Elevation range-wise distribution of GL in Lohit subbasin

**Figure 58: Elevation range-wise distribution of GL in Lohit subbasin**


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GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN

**Area-Elevation range-wise Distribution**

Glacial lake distribution has been analyzed as per area range vs. elevation range-wise, given in Table 46 and Figure 59. It is noted that, 76.20% of glacial lakes (1,735) are situated in high altitude range i.e. 4,001 - 5,000 m amsl, which constitutes maximum share of total lake area within that range i.e. 60.91%. It has been further noticed that, 71.49% of lakes > 5 ha are lying within high altitude range i.e. 4,001 - 5,000 m, majority of them falling in size range of 1 - 5 ha. However, 5 glacial lakes lie below 3,000 m and 255 lakes above 5,000 m elevation range.


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Table: Table 46: Area range-wise vs. Elevation range-wise distribution of GL in Lohit subbasin

| S. No. | Lake Area Range (ha) | Elevation Range (m) up to 3,000: No. of lakes | Elevation Range (m) up to 3,000: Total Lake Area (ha) | Elevation Range (m) 3,001 - 4,000: No. of lakes | Elevation Range (m) 3,001 - 4,000: Total Lake Area (ha) | Elevation Range (m) 4,001 - 5,000: No. of lakes | Elevation Range (m) 4,001 - 5,000: Total Lake Area (ha) | Elevation Range (m) > 5,000: No. of lakes | Elevation Range (m) > 5,000: Total Lake Area (ha) | Total: No. of lakes | Total: Lake Area (ha) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0.25 - 0.5 | 0 | 0.00 | 29 | 10.75 | 365 | 129.20 | 72 | 25.10 | 466 | 165.05 |
| 2 | 0.5 - 1 | 1 | 0.62 | 34 | 25.47 | 395 | 286.49 | 66 | 47.82 | 496 | 360.40 |
| 3 | 1 - 5 | 2 | 6.01 | 118 | 275.41 | 648 | 1,559.14 | 89 | 202.87 | 857 | 2,043.43 |
| 4 | 5 - 10 | 0 | 0.00 | 49 | 355.34 | 162 | 1,139.26 | 18 | 120.87 | 229 | 1,615.47 |
| 5 | 10 - 50 | 2 | 51.47 | 43 | 904.24 | 154 | 2,880.58 | 10 | 153.27 | 209 | 3,989.56 |
| 6 | > 50 | 0 | 0.00 | 8 | 2,325.00 | 11 | 1,030.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 19 | 3,355.32 |
| | **Total** | **5** | **58.10** | **281** | **3,896.04** | **1,735** | **7,025.16** | **255** | **549.93** | **2,276** | **11,529.23** |


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Figure: Figure 59: Area range-wise vs. Elevation range-wise distribution of GL in Lohit subbasin

**Figure 59: Area range-wise vs. Elevation range-wise distribution of GL in Lohit subbasin**


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GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN

**Type-Elevation range-wise Distribution**

Glacial lake distribution has also been analyzed as per type-wise vs. elevation range-wise, given in Table 47 and Figure 60. The dominant lake type in the subbasin i.e., Other Glacial Erosion lakes (69.06%) are predominantly located in the elevation range of 4,001 - 5,000 m. The other dominant lake type, namely, Other Moraine Dammed and Supra-glacial lakes are distributed in high altitude range (4,001 - 5,000 m), i.e. 16.95% and 0.52%. Elevation range-type-wise distribution of glacial lakes has been represented in Figure 61.


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Table: Table 47: Type-wise vs. Elevation range-wise distribution of GL in Lohit subbasin

| S. No. | Elevation Range (m) | M(e) | M(l) | M(lg) | M(o) | I(s) | I(d) | E(c) | E(v) | E(o) | O | Total |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| 1 | up to 3,000 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 5 |
| 2 | 3,001 - 4,000 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 4 | 0 | 16 | 0 | 205 | 50 | 281 |
| 3 | 4,001 - 5,000 | 29 | 3 | 0 | 176 | 8 | 0 | 65 | 0 | 1,345 | 109 | 1,735 |
| 4 | > 5,000 | 27 | 2 | 0 | 204 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 21 | 0 | 255 |
| | **Total** | **59** | **5** | **0** | **386** | **12** | **0** | **82** | **0** | **1,572** | **160** | **2,276** |

S. No.
Elevation Range (m)
M(e)
M(l)
M(lg)
M(o)
I(s)
I(d)
E(c)
E(v)
E(o)
O
Total


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Figure: Figure 60: Type-wise vs. Elevation range-wise distribution of GL in Lohit subbasin

**Figure 60: Type-wise vs. Elevation range-wise distribution of GL in Lohit subbasin**


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GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN


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Figure: Figure 61: Elevation range-Type-wise spatial distribution of GL in Lohit subbasin

Figure 61: Elevation range-Type-wise spatial distribution of GL in Lohit subbasin


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The Lower Yarlung Tsangpo subbasin is the second largest subbasin of the Brahmaputra River basin covering a total area of 74,334 Km² i.e. 18.59% of the total basin area (Figure 62). Major tributaries of Yarlung Tsangpo include Nyangchu River, Lhasa River, Nyang River, and Parlung Tsangpo. It originates at Angsi Glacier in western Tibet, southeast of Mount Kailash and Lake Manasarovar, it later forms the South Tibet Valley and Yarlung Tsangpo Grand Canyon before passing into the state of Arunachal Pradesh, India. A total of 4,979 glacial lakes has been mapped, covering a total area of 26,371.81 ha i.e. 0.35% of the total area of the subbasin.

5. RESULTS
5.2 Subbasin-Wise Statistics
5.2.7 Lower Yarlung Tsangpo Subbasin


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Figure: Figure 62: Location map of the Lower Yarlung Tsangpo subbasin

**Figure 62: Location map of the Lower Yarlung Tsangpo subbasin**


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GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN

**Area range-wise Distribution**

In Lower Yarlung Tsangpo subbasin, glacial lakes have been distributed in all area ranges. Table 48 and Figure 63 shows the area range-wise distribution of glacial lakes for the Lower Yarlung Tsangpo subbasin. About 3,967 (79.67%) lakes are with < 5 ha lake area contributing to 22.12% of total lake area. The remaining lakes with > 5 ha in size are 1,012 (20.33%) contributing to 77.88% of total lake area in the subbasin.


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Table: Table 48: Area range-wise distribution of GL in Lower Yarlung Tsangpo subbasin

| S. No. | Subbasin | No. of Lakes | Total Lake Area (ha) | Total Lake Area (%) |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| 1 | 0.25 - 0.5 | 904 | 328.04 | 1.24 |
| 2 | 0.5 - 1 | 1,024 | 735.02 | 2.79 |
| 3 | 1 - 5 | 2,039 | 4,769.34 | 18.08 |
| 4 | 5 - 10 | 529 | 3,724.79 | 14.12 |
| 5 | 10 - 50 | 429 | 8,081.12 | 30.64 |
| 6 | > 50 | 54 | 8,733.50 | 33.12 |
| | **Total** | **4,979** | **26,371.81** | **100.00** |

S. No.
Subbasin
No. of Lakes
Total Lake Area (ha)
Total Lake Area (%)


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GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN


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Distribution of different types of glacial lakes in the Lower Yarlung Tsangpo subbasin is given in Table 49 and Figure 64. Out of 10 types of glacial lakes, 9 types of lake are present in the Lower Yarlung Tsangpo subbasin, where Other Glacial Erosion lakes are found to be the maximum with 3,832 (76.96%) occupying a total lake extent of 15,111.18 ha at 57.30% in the subbasin. After that, Other Moraine Dammed lakes are in majority with 694 (13.93%) and extend over a total area of 2,362.46 ha at 8.96% in the subbasin.


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Table: Table 49: Type-wise distribution of GL in Lower Yarlung Tsangpo subbasin

| S. No. | Code | Types of Glacial Lake | No. of Lakes | Total Lake Area (ha) | Total Lake Area (%) |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| 1 | M(e) | End-moraine Dammed Lake | 96 | 2,355.92 | 8.93 |
| 2 | M(l) | Lateral Moraine Dammed Lake | 11 | 27.05 | 0.10 |
| 3 | M(lg) | Lateral Moraine Dammed Lake with Ice | 1 | 0.33 | 0.00 |
| 4 | M(o) | Other Moraine Dammed Lake | 694 | 2,362.46 | 8.96 |
| 5 | I(s) | Supra-glacial Lake | 25 | 13.59 | 0.05 |
| 6 | I(d) | Glacier Ice-dammed Lake | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 7 | E(c) | Cirque Erosion Lake | 114 | 1,294.92 | 4.91 |
| 8 | E(v) | Glacier Trough Valley Erosion Lake | 6 | 3,375.74 | 12.80 |
| 9 | E(o) | Other Glacial Erosion Lake | 3,832 | 15,111.18 | 57.30 |
| 10 | O | Other Glacial Lake | 200 | 1,830.62 | 6.94 |
| | | **Total** | **4,979** | **26,371.81** | **100.00** |

S. No.
Code
Types of Glacial Lake
No. of Lakes
Total Lake Area (ha)
Total Lake Area (%)


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**GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN**


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Glacial lake distribution by area range vs. type-wise is given in Table 50 and Figure 65. The lakes with < 5 ha in size (79.67%) are dominant with Other Glacial Erosion (78.32%) and Other Moraine Dammed lakes (14.99%). Lakes with > 5 ha (20.33%) are also dominated by Other Glacial Erosion lakes (71.64%). All types of Glacier Erosion lakes, which constitute about 79.37% are predominantly with < 5 ha in water spread.


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Table: Table 50: Area range-wise vs. Type-wise distribution of GL in Lower Yarlung Tsangpo subbasin

| S. No. | Subbasin | M(e) | M(l) | M(lg) | M(o) | I(s) | I(d) | E(c) | E(v) | E(o) | O | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0.25 - 0.5 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 137 | 14 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 700 | 44 | 904 |
| 2 | 0.5 - 1 | 6 | 4 | 0 | 164 | 8 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 798 | 38 | 1,024 |
| 3 | 1 - 5 | 23 | 2 | 0 | 294 | 3 | 0 | 38 | 0 | 1,609 | 70 | 2,039 |
| 4 | 5 - 10 | 21 | 1 | 0 | 56 | 0 | 0 | 33 | 0 | 396 | 22 | 529 |
| 5 | 10 - 50 | 32 | 1 | 0 | 38 | 0 | 0 | 32 | 0 | 305 | 21 | 429 |
| 6 | > 50 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 6 | 24 | 5 | 54 |
| | **Total** | **96** | **11** | **1** | **694** | **25** | **0** | **114** | **6** | **3,832** | **200** | **4,979** |

S. No.
Subbasin
M(e)
M(l)
M(lg)
M(o)
I(s)
I(d)
E(c)
E(v)
E(o)
O
Total


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Figure: Figure 65: Area range-wise vs. Type-wise distribution of GL in Lower Yarlung Tsangpo subbasin

**Figure 65: Area range-wise vs. Type-wise distribution of GL in Lower Yarlung Tsangpo subbasin**


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***

**GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN**


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Elevation range-wise distribution of the glacial lakes in the Lower Yarlung Tsangpo subbasin has been shown in Table 51 and Figure 66. Majority of glacial lakes are situated above 4,000 m elevation range i.e. 4,878 (97.97%) with total lake area of 24,875.68 ha (94.32%) and remaining 2.03% glacial lakes are below 4,000 m elevation.

5. RESULTS
5.2 Subbasin-Wise Statistics
Elevation range-wise Distribution


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Table: Table 51: Elevation range-wise distribution of GL in Lower Yarlung Tsangpo subbasin

| S. No. | Elevation Range (m) | No. of Lakes | Total Lake Area (ha) | Total Lake Area (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | up to 3,000 | 2 | 40.11 | 0.15 |
| 2 | 3,001 - 4,000 | 99 | 1,456.03 | 5.52 |
| 3 | 4,001 - 5,000 | 3,056 | 16,552.09 | 62.76 |
| 4 | > 5,000 | 1,822 | 8,323.58 | 31.56 |
| | **Total** | **4,979** | **26,371.81** | **100.00** |

S. No.
Elevation Range (m)
No. of Lakes
Total Lake Area (ha)
Total Lake Area (%)


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Figure: Figure 66: Elevation range-wise distribution of GL in Lower Yarlung Tsangpo subbasin

**Figure 66: Elevation range-wise distribution of GL in Lower Yarlung Tsangpo subbasin**


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GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN


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Glacial lake distribution has been analyzed as per area range vs. elevation range-wise, given in Table 52 and Figure 67. It is noted that, 61.37% of glacial lakes (3,056) are situated in high altitude range i.e. 4,001 - 5,000 m amsl, which constitutes maximum share of total lake area within that range i.e. 62.76%. It has been further noticed that, 58.85% of lakes > 5 ha are lying within high altitude range i.e. 4,001 - 5,000 m, majority of them falling in size range of 1 - 5 ha. However, 2 glacial lakes lie below 3,000 m and 1,822 lakes above 5,000 m elevation range.


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Table: Table 52: Area range-wise vs. Elevation range-wise distribution of GL in Lower Yarlung Tsangpo subbasin

| S. No. | Lake Area Range (ha) | Elevation Range (m) - up to 3,000 - No. of lakes | Elevation Range (m) - up to 3,000 - Total Lake Area (ha) | Elevation Range (m) - 3,001 - 4,000 - No. of lakes | Elevation Range (m) - 3,001 - 4,000 - Total Lake Area (ha) | Elevation Range (m) - 4,001 - 5,000 - No. of lakes | Elevation Range (m) - 4,001 - 5,000 - Total Lake Area (ha) | Elevation Range (m) - > 5,000 - No. of lakes | Elevation Range (m) - > 5,000 - Total Lake Area (ha) | Total - No. of lakes | Total - Lake Area (ha) |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| 1 | 0.25 - 0.5 | 0 | 0.00 | 20 | 7.64 | 514 | 188.22 | 370 | 132.18 | 904 | 328.04 |
| 2 | 0.5 - 1 | 0 | 0.00 | 17 | 11.67 | 600 | 433.46 | 407 | 289.89 | 1,024 | 735.02 |
| 3 | 1 - 5 | 1 | 4.04 | 36 | 77.62 | 1,220 | 2,890.09 | 782 | 1,797.59 | 2,039 | 4,769.34 |
| 4 | 5 - 10 | 0 | 0.00 | 9 | 66.53 | 369 | 2,592.23 | 151 | 1,066.03 | 529 | 3,724.79 |
| 5 | 10 - 50 | 1 | 36.07 | 11 | 223.71 | 312 | 6,017.32 | 105 | 1,804.01 | 429 | 8,081.11 |
| 6 | > 50 | 0 | 0.00 | 6 | 1,069.00 | 41 | 4,431.00 | 7 | 3,233.88 | 54 | 8,733.51 |
| **Total** | | **2** | **40.11** | **99** | **1,456.03** | **3,056** | **16,552.09** | **1,822** | **8,323.58** | **4,979** | **26,371.81** |


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***

GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN


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Glacial lake distribution has also been analyzed as per type-wise vs. elevation range-wise, given in Table 53 and Figure 68. The dominant lake type in the subbasin i.e., Other Glacial Erosion lakes (76.96%) are predominantly located in the elevation range of 4,001 - 5,000 m. The other dominant lake type, namely, Other Moraine Dammed and Cirque Erosion Lakes are distributed in high altitude range (4,001 - 5,000 m), i.e. 48.70% and 77.19%. Elevation range-type-wise distribution of glacial lakes has been represented in Figure 69.

5. RESULTS
5.2 Subbasin-Wise Statistics
Type-Elevation range wise Distribution


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Table: Table 53: Type-wise vs. Elevation range-wise distribution of GL in Lower Yarlung Tsangpo subbasin

| S. No. | Subbasin | Types of Glacial Lake - M(e) | Types of Glacial Lake - M(l) | Types of Glacial Lake - M(lg) | Types of Glacial Lake - M(o) | Types of Glacial Lake - I(s) | Types of Glacial Lake - I(d) | Types of Glacial Lake - E(c) | Types of Glacial Lake - E(v) | Types of Glacial Lake - E(o) | Types of Glacial Lake - O | Total |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| 1 | up to 3,000 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| 2 | 3,001 - 4,000 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 22 | 8 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 40 | 20 | 99 |
| 3 | 4,001 - 5,000 | 57 | 9 | 1 | 338 | 11 | 0 | 88 | 4 | 2,411 | 137 | 3,056 |
| 4 | > 5,000 | 32 | 2 | 0 | 333 | 6 | 0 | 25 | 1 | 1,380 | 43 | 1,822 |
| **Total** | | **96** | **11** | **1** | **694** | **25** | **0** | **114** | **6** | **3,832** | **200** | **4,979** |

S. No.
Subbasin
Types of Glacial Lake - M(e)
Types of Glacial Lake - M(l)
Types of Glacial Lake - M(lg)
Types of Glacial Lake - M(o)
Types of Glacial Lake - I(s)
Types of Glacial Lake - I(d)
Types of Glacial Lake - E(c)
Types of Glacial Lake - E(v)
Types of Glacial Lake - E(o)
Types of Glacial Lake - O
Total


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GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN

GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN


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The Manas subbasin is the fourth largest subbasin of the Brahmaputra River basin covering a total area of 32,166 Km² i.e. 8.04% of the total basin area (Figure 70). The Manas River is formed by the joining of two rivers of similar catchment area, the Mangde Chu and the Dangme Chu. It is a transboundary river in the Himalayan foothills between southern Bhutan and India. Kuru Chu, Bumtang, and Mangde Chu are the main tributaries of Manas River. A total of 2,526 glacial lakes has been mapped, covering a total area of 11,318.96 ha i.e. 0.35% of the total area of the subbasin.

GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN

**Area-range-wise Distribution**

In Manas subbasin, glacial lakes have been distributed in all area ranges. Table 54 and Figure 71 shows the area range-wise distribution of glacial lakes for the Manas subbasin. About 2,037 (80.64%) lakes are with < 5 ha lake area contributing to 24.85% of total lake area. The remaining lakes with > 5 ha in size are 489 (19.36%) contributing to 75.15% of total lake area in the subbasin.

5. RESULTS
5.2 Subbasin-Wise Statistics
5.2.8 Manas Subbasin


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Table: Table 54: Area range-wise distribution of GL in Manas subbasin

| S. No. | Lake Area Range (ha) | No. of Lakes | Total Lake Area (ha) | Total Lake Area (%) |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| 1 | 0.25 - 0.5 | 582 | 204.74 | 1.81 |
| 2 | 0.5 - 1 | 492 | 352.31 | 3.11 |
| 3 | 1 - 5 | 963 | 2,256.31 | 19.93 |
| 4 | 5 - 10 | 239 | 1,694.77 | 15.03 |
| 5 | 10 - 50 | 224 | 4,221.54 | 37.26 |
| 6 | > 50 | 26 | 2,589.31 | 22.85 |
| | **Total** | **2,526** | **11,318.96** | **100.00** |

S. No.
Lake Area Range (ha)
No. of Lakes
Total Lake Area (ha)
Total Lake Area (%)


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GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN

**Type-wise Distribution**

Distribution of different types of glacial lakes in the Manas subbasin is given in Table 55 and Figure 72. Out of 10 types of glacial lakes, 7 types of lake are present in the Manas subbasin, where Other Glacial Erosion lakes are found to be the maximum with 1,719 (68.05%) occupying a total lake extent of 5,554.27 ha at 49.07% in the subbasin. After that, Other Moraine Dammed lakes are in majority with 410 (16.23%) and extend over a total area of 1,430.07 ha at 12.63% in the subbasin.


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Table: Table 55: Type-wise distribution of GL in Manas subbasin

| S. No. | Code | Types of Glacial Lake | No. of Lakes | Total Lake Area (ha) | Total Lake Area (%) |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| 1 | M(e) | End-moraine Dammed Lake | 47 | 1,674.77 | 14.80 |
| 2 | M(l) | Lateral Moraine Dammed Lake | 3 | 56.95 | 0.50 |
| 3 | M(lg) | Lateral Moraine Dammed Lake with Ice | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 4 | M(o) | Other Moraine Dammed Lake | 410 | 1,430.07 | 12.63 |
| 5 | I(s) | Supra-glacial Lake | 67 | 64.47 | 0.57 |
| 6 | I(d) | Glacier Ice-dammed Lake | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 7 | E(c) | Cirque Erosion Lake | 243 | 1,976.10 | 17.46 |
| 8 | E(v) | Glacier Trough Valley Erosion Lake | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 9 | E(o) | Other Glacial Erosion Lake | 1,719 | 5,554.27 | 49.07 |
| 10 | O | Other Glacial Lake | 37 | 562.33 | 4.97 |
| | | **Total** | **2,526** | **11,318.96** | **100.00** |


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GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN

**Area range-type-wise Distribution**

Glacial lake distribution by area range vs. type-wise is given in Table 56 and Figure 73. The lakes with < 5 ha in size (80.64%) are dominant with Other Glacial Erosion (71.91%) and Other Moraine Dammed lakes (16.93%). Lakes with > 5 ha (19.36%) are also dominated by Other Glacial Erosion lakes (51.94%). All types of Glacier Erosion lakes, which constitute about 77.76% are predominantly with < 5 ha in water spread.


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Table: Table 56: Area range-wise vs. Type-wise distribution of GL in Manas subbasin

| S. No. | Subbasin | M(e) | M(l) | M(lg) | M(o) | I(s) | I(d) | E(c) | E(v) | E(o) | O | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0.25 - 0.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 114 | 43 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 416 | 7 | 582 |
| 2 | 0.5 - 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 91 | 20 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 364 | 8 | 492 |
| 3 | 1 - 5 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 140 | 2 | 0 | 113 | 0 | 685 | 15 | 963 |
| 4 | 5 - 10 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 29 | 1 | 0 | 61 | 0 | 139 | 1 | 239 |
| 5 | 10 - 50 | 22 | 2 | 0 | 34 | 1 | 0 | 56 | 0 | 106 | 3 | 224 |
| 6 | > 50 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 9 | 3 | 26 |
| **Total** | | **47** | **3** | **0** | **410** | **67** | **0** | **243** | **0** | **1,719** | **37** | **2,526** |


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GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN

**Elevation range-wise Distribution**

Elevation range-wise distribution of the glacial lakes in the Manas subbasin has been shown in Table 57 and Figure 74. Majority of glacial lakes are situated above 4,000 m elevation range i.e. 2,474 (97.94%) with total lake area of 11,087.29 ha (97.95%) and remaining 2.05% glacial lakes are below 4,000 m elevation.


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Table: Table 57: Elevation range-wise distribution of GL in Manas subbasin

| S. No. | Elevation Range (m) | No. of Lakes | Total Lake Area (ha) | Total Lake Area (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | up to 3,000 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 2 | 3,001 - 4,000 | 52 | 231.67 | 2.05 |
| 3 | 4,001 - 5,000 | 1,656 | 8,137.45 | 71.89 |
| 4 | > 5,000 | 818 | 2,949.84 | 26.06 |
| **Total** | | **2,526** | **11,318.96** | **100.00** |


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GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN

**Area-Elevation range-wise Distribution**

Glacial lake distribution has been analyzed as per area range vs. elevation range-wise, given in Table 58 and Figure 75. It is noted that, 65.55% of glacial lakes (1,656) are situated in high altitude range i.e. 4,001 - 5,000 m amsl, which constitutes maximum share of total lake area within that range i.e. 71.89%. It has been further noticed that, 63.32% of lakes < 5 ha are lying within high altitude range i.e. 4,001 - 5,000 m, majority of them falling in size range of 1 - 5 ha. However, no glacial lakes lie below 3,000 m and 818 lakes above 5,000 m elevation range.


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Table: Table 58: Area range-wise vs. Elevation range-wise distribution of GL in Manas subbasin

| S. No. | Lake Area Range (ha) | Elevation Range (m) up to 3,000: No. of lakes | Elevation Range (m) up to 3,000: Total Lake Area (ha) | Elevation Range (m) 3,001 - 4,000: No. of lakes | Elevation Range (m) 3,001 - 4,000: Total Lake Area (ha) | Elevation Range (m) 4,001 - 5,000: No. of lakes | Elevation Range (m) 4,001 - 5,000: Total Lake Area (ha) | Elevation Range (m) > 5,000: No. of lakes | Elevation Range (m) > 5,000: Total Lake Area (ha) | Total: No. of lakes | Total: Lake Area (ha) |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| 1 | 0.25 - 0.5 | 0 | 0.00 | 5 | 2.12 | 337 | 119.12 | 240 | 83.50 | 582 | 204.74 |
| 2 | 0.5 - 1 | 0 | 0.00 | 3 | 2.20 | 282 | 201.74 | 207 | 148.37 | 492 | 352.31 |
| 3 | 1 - 5 | 0 | 0.00 | 28 | 71.57 | 671 | 1,584.98 | 264 | 599.76 | 963 | 2,256.31 |
| 4 | 5 - 10 | 0 | 0.00 | 10 | 74.33 | 182 | 1,291.23 | 47 | 329.20 | 239 | 1,694.77 |
| 5 | 10 - 50 | 0 | 0.00 | 6 | 81.45 | 166 | 3,089.22 | 52 | 1,050.86 | 224 | 4,221.54 |
| 6 | > 50 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 18 | 1,851 | 8 | 738.15 | 26 | 2,589.31 |
| | **Total** | **0** | **0.00** | **52** | **231.67** | **1,656** | **8,137.45** | **818** | **2,949.84** | **2,526** | **11,318.96** |


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GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN

**Type-Elevation range-wise Distribution**

Glacial lake distribution has also been analyzed as per type-wise vs. elevation range-wise, given in Table 59 and Figure 76. The dominant lake type in the subbasin i.e., Other Glacial Erosion lakes (68.05%) are predominantly located in the elevation range of 4,001 - 5,000 m. The other dominant lake type, namely, Other Moraine Dammed and Cirque Erosion Lakes are distributed in high altitude range (4,001 - 5,000 m), i.e. 17.07% and 90.94%. Elevation range-type-wise distribution of glacial lakes has been represented in Figure 77.


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Table: Table 59: Type-wise vs. Elevation range-wise distribution of GL in Manas subbasin

| S. No. | Subbasin | Types of Glacial Lake: M(e) | Types of Glacial Lake: M(l) | Types of Glacial Lake: M(lg) | Types of Glacial Lake: M(o) | Types of Glacial Lake: I(s) | Types of Glacial Lake: I(d) | Types of Glacial Lake: E(c) | Types of Glacial Lake: E(v) | Types of Glacial Lake: E(o) | Types of Glacial Lake: O | Total |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| 1 | up to 3,000 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2 | 3,001 - 4,000 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 38 | 2 | 52 |
| 3 | 4,001 - 5,000 | 15 | 1 | 0 | 70 | 35 | 0 | 221 | 0 | 1,280 | 34 | 1,656 |
| 4 | > 5,000 | 32 | 2 | 0 | 340 | 32 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 401 | 1 | 818 |
| | **Total** | **47** | **3** | **0** | **410** | **67** | **0** | **243** | **0** | **1,719** | **37** | **2,526** |

S. No.
Subbasin
Types of Glacial Lake: M(e)
Types of Glacial Lake: M(l)
Types of Glacial Lake: M(lg)
Types of Glacial Lake: M(o)
Types of Glacial Lake: I(s)
Types of Glacial Lake: I(d)
Types of Glacial Lake: E(c)
Types of Glacial Lake: E(v)
Types of Glacial Lake: E(o)
Types of Glacial Lake: O
Total


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GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN


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Figure: Figure 77: Elevation range-Type-wise spatial distribution of GL in Manas subbasin

Figure 77: Elevation range-Type-wise spatial distribution of GL in Manas subbasin


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The Puna Tsang Chu subbasin is the tenth largest subbasin of the Brahmaputra River basin covering a total area of 10,204 Km² i.e. 2.55% of the total basin area (Figure 78). The Puna Tshang Chu Basin has been formed by the joining of the Mo Chu and Pho Chu Rivers. The Mo Chu originates from the northeastern slope of Chomolhari and the Pho Chu from the western slope of Kula Gangri. Mo Chu and Pho Chu are the two main tributaries of Sankosh River. A total of 921 glacial lakes has been mapped, covering a total area of 3,880.79 ha i.e. 0.38% of the total area of the subbasin.

5. RESULTS
5.2 Subbasin-Wise Statistics
5.2.9 Puna Tsang Chu Subbasin


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Figure: Figure 78: Location map of the Puna Tsang Chu subbasin

Figure 78: Location map of the Puna Tsang Chu subbasin


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In Puna Tsang Chu subbasin, glacial lakes have been distributed in all area ranges. Table 60 and Figure 79 shows the area range-wise distribution of glacial lakes for the Puna Tsang Chu subbasin. About 737 (80.02%) lakes are with < 5 ha lake area contributing to 26.70% of total lake area. The remaining lakes with > 5 ha in size are 184 (19.98%) contributing to 73.30% of total lake area in the subbasin.


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Table: Table 60: Area range-wise distribution of GL in Puna Tsang Chu subbasin

| S. No. | Lake Area Range (ha) | No. of Lakes | Total Lake Area (ha) | Total Lake Area (%) |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| 1 | 0.25 - 0.5 | 180 | 64.82 | 1.67 |
| 2 | 0.5 - 1 | 187 | 134.37 | 3.46 |
| 3 | 1 - 5 | 370 | 836.81 | 21.56 |
| 4 | 5 - 10 | 93 | 668.05 | 17.21 |
| 5 | 10 - 50 | 84 | 1,556.92 | 40.12 |
| 6 | > 50 | 7 | 619.82 | 15.97 |
| | **Total** | **921** | **3,880.79** | **100.00** |


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Distribution of different types of glacial lakes in the Puna Tsang Chu subbasin is given in Table 61 and Figure 80. Out of 10 types of glacial lakes, 6 types of lake are present in the Puna Tsang Chu subbasin, where Other Glacial Erosion lakes are found to be the maximum with 590 (64.06%) occupying a total lake extent of 1,845.71 ha at 47.56% in the subbasin. After that, Other Moraine Dammed lakes are in majority with 172 (18.68%) and extend over a total area of 641.47 ha at 16.53%. in the subbasin.


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Table: Table 61: Type-wise distribution of GL in Puna Tsang Chu subbasin

| S. No. | Code | Types of Glacial Lake | No. of Lakes | Total Lake Area (ha) | Total Lake Area (%) |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| 1 | M(e) | End-moraine Dammed Lake | 34 | 802.08 | 20.67 |
| 2 | M(l) | Lateral Moraine Dammed Lake | 2 | 10.66 | 0.27 |
| 3 | M(lg) | Lateral Moraine Dammed Lake with Ice | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 4 | M(o) | Other Moraine Dammed Lake | 172 | 641.47 | 16.53 |
| 5 | I(s) | Supra-glacial Lake | 61 | 76.49 | 1.97 |
| 6 | I(d) | Glacier Ice-dammed Lake | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 7 | E(c) | Cirque Erosion Lake | 62 | 504.38 | 13.00 |
| 8 | E(v) | Glacier Trough Valley Erosion Lake | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 9 | E(o) | Other Glacial Erosion Lake | 590 | 1,845.71 | 47.56 |
| 10 | O | Other Glacial Lake | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| | | **Total** | **921** | **3,880.79** | **100.00** |

S. No.
Code
Types of Glacial Lake
No. of Lakes
Total Lake Area (ha)
Total Lake Area (%)


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GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN


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Glacial lake distribution by area range vs. type-wise is given in Table 62 and Figure 81. The lakes with < 5 ha in size (80.02%) are dominant with Other Glacial Erosion (68.11%) and Other Moraine Dammed lakes (19.40%). Lakes with > 5 ha (19.97%) are also dominated by Other Glacial Erosion lakes (47.82%). All types of Glacier Erosion lakes, which constitute about 70.79% are predominantly with < 5 ha in water spread.


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Table: Table 62: Area range-wise vs. Type-wise distribution of GL in Puna Tsang Chu subbasin

| S. No. | Subbasin | Types of Glacial Lake: M(e) | M(l) | M(lg) | M(o) | I(s) | I(d) | E(c) | E(v) | E(o) | O | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0.25 - 0.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 34 | 26 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 120 | 0 | 180 |
| 2 | 0.5 - 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 41 | 17 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 124 | 0 | 187 |
| 3 | 1 - 5 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 68 | 16 | 0 | 21 | 0 | 258 | 0 | 370 |
| 4 | 5 - 10 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 17 | 2 | 0 | 17 | 0 | 49 | 0 | 93 |
| 5 | 10 - 50 | 19 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 18 | 0 | 37 | 0 | 84 |
| 6 | > 50 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 7 |
| **Total** | | **34** | **2** | **0** | **172** | **61** | **0** | **62** | **0** | **590** | **0** | **921** |

S. No.
Subbasin
Types of Glacial Lake: M(e)
M(l)
M(lg)
M(o)
I(s)
I(d)
E(c)
E(v)
E(o)
O
Total


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Figure: Figure 81: Area range-wise vs. Type-wise distribution of GL in Puna Tsang Chu subbasin

**Figure 81: Area range-wise vs. Type-wise distribution of GL in Puna Tsang Chu subbasin**


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GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN


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Elevation range-wise distribution of the glacial lakes in the Puna Tsang Chu subbasin has been shown in Table 63 and Figure 82. Majority of glacial lakes are situated above 4,000 m elevation range i.e. 912 (99.02%) with total lake area of 3,855.93 ha (99.36%) and remaining 0.98% glacial lakes are below 4,000 m elevation.


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Table: Table 63: Elevation range-wise distribution of GL in Puna Tsang Chu subbasin

| S. No. | Elevation Range (m) | No. of Lakes | Total Lake Area (ha) | Total Lake Area (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | up to 3,000 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 2 | 3,001 - 4,000 | 9 | 24.85 | 0.64 |
| 3 | 4,001 - 5,000 | 668 | 2,720.80 | 70.11 |
| 4 | > 5,000 | 244 | 1,135.14 | 29.25 |
| **Total** | | **921** | **3,880.79** | **100.00** |

S. No.
Elevation Range (m)
No. of Lakes
Total Lake Area (ha)
Total Lake Area (%)


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Figure: Figure 82: Elevation range-wise distribution of GL in Puna Tsang Chu subbasin

**Figure 82: Elevation range-wise distribution of GL in Puna Tsang Chu subbasin**


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GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN

**Area-Elevation range-wise Distribution**

Glacial lake distribution has been analyzed as per area range vs. elevation range-wise, given in Table 64 and Figure 83. It is noted that, 72.52% of glacial lakes (668) are situated in high altitude range i.e. 4,001 - 5,000 m amsl, which constitutes maximum share of total lake area within that range i.e. 70.10%. It has been further noticed that, 72.72% of lakes < 5 ha are lying within high altitude range i.e. 4,001 - 5,000 m, majority of them falling in size range of 1 - 5 ha. However, no glacial lakes lie below 3,000 m and 244 lakes above 5,000 m elevation range


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Table: Table 64: Area range-wise vs. Elevation range-wise distribution of GL in Puna Tsang Chu subbasin

| S. No. | Lake Area Range (ha) | Elevation Range (m): up to 3,000 - No. of lakes | Elevation Range (m): up to 3,000 - Total Lake Area (ha) | Elevation Range (m): 3,001 - 4,000 - No. of lakes | Elevation Range (m): 3,001 - 4,000 - Total Lake Area (ha) | Elevation Range (m): 4,001 - 5,000 - No. of lakes | Elevation Range (m): 4,001 - 5,000 - Total Lake Area (ha) | Elevation Range (m): > 5,000 - No. of lakes | Elevation Range (m): > 5,000 - Total Lake Area (ha) | Total: No. of lakes | Total: Lake Area (ha) |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| 1 | 0.25 - 0.5 | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 0.32 | 132 | 48.00 | 47 | 16.71 | 180 | 64.82 |
| 2 | 0.5 - 1 | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 0.71 | 132 | 94.00 | 54 | 39.43 | 187 | 134.37 |
| 3 | 1 - 5 | 0 | 0.00 | 6 | 18.01 | 272 | 608.00 | 92 | 211.29 | 370 | 836.81 |
| 4 | 5 - 10 | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 5.81 | 69 | 498.00 | 23 | 164.32 | 93 | 668.05 |
| 5 | 10 - 50 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 60 | 1,113.00 | 24 | 444.32 | 84 | 1,556.92 |
| 6 | > 50 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 3 | 361.00 | 4 | 259.07 | 7 | 619.82 |
| | **Total** | **0** | **0.00** | **9** | **24.85** | **668** | **2,720.80** | **244** | **1,135.14** | **921** | **3,880.79** |


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GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN

**Type-Elevation range-wise Distribution**

Glacial lake distribution has also been analyzed as per type-wise vs. elevation range-wise, given in Table 65 and Figure 84. The dominant lake type in the subbasin i.e., Other Glacial Erosion lakes (64.06%) are predominantly located in the elevation range of 4,001 - 5,000 m. The other dominant lake type, namely, Other Moraine Dammed and Cirque Erosion Lakes are distributed in high altitude range (4,001 - 5,000 m), i.e. 20.93% and 93.54%. Elevation range-type-wise distribution of glacial lakes has been represented in Figure 85.


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Table: Table 65: Type-wise vs. Elevation range-wise distribution of GL in Puna Tsang Chu subbasin

| S. No. | Subbasin | Types of Glacial Lake: M(e) | Types of Glacial Lake: M(l) | Types of Glacial Lake: M(lg) | Types of Glacial Lake: M(o) | Types of Glacial Lake: I(s) | Types of Glacial Lake: I(d) | Types of Glacial Lake: E(c) | Types of Glacial Lake: E(v) | Types of Glacial Lake: E(o) | Types of Glacial Lake: O | Total |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| 1 | up to 3,000 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2 | 3,001 - 4,000 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 9 |
| 3 | 4,001 - 5,000 | 17 | 2 | 0 | 36 | 60 | 0 | 58 | 0 | 495 | 0 | 668 |
| 4 | > 5,000 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 136 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 87 | 0 | 244 |
| | **Total** | **34** | **2** | **0** | **172** | **61** | **0** | **62** | **0** | **590** | **0** | **921** |


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GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN

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GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN


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The Subansiri subbasin is the fifth largest subbasin of the Brahmaputra River basin covering a total area of 30,644 Km² i.e. 7.66% of the total basin area (Figure 86). The Subansiri River originates in the Himalayas near Mount Porom in the Tibet. It enters India near the town of Taksing and flows east and southeast through Miri Hills, then south to the Assam Valley at Dulangmukh in Dhemaji district, where it joins the Brahmaputra River at Jamurighat in Lakhimpur district. Small tributaries of the Subansiri include Rangandi, Dikrong and Kamala. Chyumi Chu and Kamla are the two main tributaries of Subansiri River. A total of 539 glacial lakes has been mapped, covering a total area of 2,004.24 ha i.e. 0.06% of the total area of the subbasin.

GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN

**Area-range-wise Distribution**

In Subansiri subbasin, glacial lakes have been distributed in all area ranges. Table 66 and Figure 87 shows the area range-wise distribution of glacial lakes for the Subansiri subbasin. About 435 (80.71%) lakes are with < 5 ha lake area contributing to 30.93% of total lake area. The remaining lakes with > 5 ha in size are 104 (19.29%) contributing to 69.07% of total lake area in the subbasin.

5. RESULTS
5.2 Subbasin-Wise Statistics
5.2.10 Subansiri Subbasin


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Table: Table 66: Area range-wise distribution of GL in Subansiri subbasin

| S. No. | Lake Area Range (ha) | No. of Lakes | Total Lake Area (ha) | Total Lake Area (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0.25 - 0.5 | 96 | 34.94 | 1.74 |
| 2 | 0.5 - 1 | 121 | 88.12 | 4.40 |
| 3 | 1 - 5 | 218 | 496.80 | 24.79 |
| 4 | 5 - 10 | 62 | 445.09 | 22.21 |
| 5 | 10 - 50 | 38 | 696.38 | 34.75 |
| 6 | > 50 | 4 | 242.91 | 12.12 |
| | **Total** | **539** | **2,004.24** | **100.00** |

S. No.
Lake Area Range (ha)
No. of Lakes
Total Lake Area (ha)
Total Lake Area (%)


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GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN

**Type-wise Distribution**

Distribution of different types of glacial lakes in the Subansiri subbasin is given in Table 67 and Figure 88. Out of 10 types of glacial lakes, 8 types of lake are present in the Subansiri subbasin, where Other Glacial Erosion lakes are found to be the maximum with 346 (64.19%) occupying a total lake extent of 1,232.77 ha at 61.51% in the subbasin. After that, Other Moraine Dammed lakes are in majority with 89 (16.51%) and extend over a total area of 159.91 ha at 7.98% in the subbasin.


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Table: Table 67: Type-wise distribution of GL in Subansiri subbasin

| S. No. | Code | Types of Glacial Lake | No. of Lakes | Total Lake Area (ha) | Total Lake Area (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | M(e) | End-moraine Dammed Lake | 33 | 293.18 | 14.63 |
| 2 | M(l) | Lateral Moraine Dammed Lake | 1 | 1.74 | 0.09 |
| 3 | M(lg) | Lateral Moraine Dammed Lake with Ice | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 4 | M(o) | Other Moraine Dammed Lake | 89 | 159.91 | 7.98 |
| 5 | I(s) | Supra-glacial Lake | 6 | 6.31 | 0.31 |
| 6 | I(d) | Glacier Ice-dammed Lake | 2 | 2.50 | 0.12 |
| 7 | E(c) | Cirque Erosion Lake | 31 | 235.25 | 11.74 |
| 8 | E(v) | Glacier Trough Valley Erosion Lake | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 9 | E(o) | Other Glacial Erosion Lake | 346 | 1,232.77 | 61.51 |
| 10 | O | Other Glacial Lake | 31 | 72.58 | 3.62 |
| | | **Total** | **539** | **2,004.24** | **100.00** |


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GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN

**Area range-Type-wise Distribution**

Glacial lake distribution by area range vs. type-wise is given in Table 68 and Figure 89. The lakes with < 5 ha in size (80.71%) are dominant with Other Glacial Erosion (65.05%) and Other Moraine Dammed lakes (19.31%). Lakes with > 5 ha (19.29%) are also dominated by Other Glacial Erosion lakes (60.57%). All types of Glacier Erosion lakes, which constitute about 69.94% are predominantly with < 5 ha in water spread.


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Table: Table 68: Area range-wise vs. Type-wise distribution of GL in Subansiri subbasin

| S. No. | Subbasin | Types of Glacial Lake - M(e) | Types of Glacial Lake - M(l) | Types of Glacial Lake - M(lg) | Types of Glacial Lake - M(o) | Types of Glacial Lake - I(s) | Types of Glacial Lake - I(d) | Types of Glacial Lake - E(c) | Types of Glacial Lake - E(v) | Types of Glacial Lake - E(o) | Types of Glacial Lake - O | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0.25 - 0.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 23 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 58 | 12 | 96 |
| 2 | 0.5 - 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 23 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 81 | 10 | 121 |
| 3 | 1 - 5 | 12 | 1 | 0 | 38 | 1 | 1 | 15 | 0 | 144 | 6 | 218 |
| 4 | 5 - 10 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 36 | 2 | 62 |
| 5 | 10 - 50 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 25 | 1 | 38 |
| 6 | > 50 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 4 |
| Total | | 33 | 1 | 0 | 89 | 6 | 2 | 31 | 0 | 346 | 31 | 539 |

S. No.
Subbasin
Types of Glacial Lake - M(e)
Types of Glacial Lake - M(l)
Types of Glacial Lake - M(lg)
Types of Glacial Lake - M(o)
Types of Glacial Lake - I(s)
Types of Glacial Lake - I(d)
Types of Glacial Lake - E(c)
Types of Glacial Lake - E(v)
Types of Glacial Lake - E(o)
Types of Glacial Lake - O
Total


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Figure: Figure 89: Area range-wise vs. Type-wise distribution of GL in Subansiri subbasin

**Figure 89: Area range-wise vs. Type-wise distribution of GL in Subansiri subbasin**


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GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN

**Elevation range-wise Distribution**

Elevation range-wise distribution of the glacial lakes in the Subansiri subbasin has been shown in Table 69 and Figure 90. Majority of glacial lakes are situated above 4,000 m elevation range i.e. 482 (89.42%) with total lake area of 1,580.4 ha (78.85%) and remaining 10.58% glacial lakes are below 4,000 m elevation.


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Table: Table 69: Elevation range-wise distribution of GL in Subansiri subbasin

| S. No. | Elevation Range (m) | No. of Lakes | Total Lake Area (ha) | Total Lake Area (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | up to 3,000 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 2 | 3,001 - 4,000 | 57 | 423.83 | 21.15 |
| 3 | 4,001 - 5,000 | 279 | 1,131.38 | 56.45 |
| 4 | > 5,000 | 203 | 449.02 | 22.40 |
| Total | | 539 | 2,004.24 | 100.00 |


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Figure: Figure 90: Elevation range-wise distribution of GL in Subansiri subbasin

**Figure 90: Elevation range-wise distribution of GL in Subansiri subbasin**


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GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN

**Area Elevation range-wise Distribution**

Glacial lake distribution has been analyzed as per area range vs. elevation range-wise, given in Table 70 and Figure 91. It is noted that, 51.76% of glacial lakes (279) are situated in high altitude range i.e. 4,001 - 5,000 m amsl, which constitutes maximum share of total lake area within that range i.e. 56.44%. It has been further noticed that, 51.26% of lakes < 5 ha are lying within high altitude range i.e. 4,001 - 5,000 m, majority of them falling in size range of 1 - 5 ha. However, no glacial lakes lie below 3,000 m and 203 lakes above 5,000 m elevation range.