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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.2 Subbasin-Wise Statistics > 5.2.10 Subansiri Subbasin
Type: table
Table: Table 70: Area range-wise vs. Elevation range-wise distribution of GL in Subansiri subbasin

| S. No. | Lake Area Range (ha) | Elevation Range: up to 3,000 - No. of lakes | Elevation Range: up to 3,000 - Total Lake Area (ha) | Elevation Range: 3,001 - 4,000 - No. of lakes | Elevation Range: 3,001 - 4,000 - Total Lake Area (ha) | Elevation Range: 4,001 - 5,000 - No. of lakes | Elevation Range: 4,001 - 5,000 - Total Lake Area (ha) | Elevation Range: > 5,000 - No. of lakes | Elevation Range: > 5,000 - Total Lake Area (ha) | Total - No. of lakes | Total - Lake Area (ha) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0.25 - 0.5 | 0 | 0.00 | 3 | 0.78 | 43 | 16.27 | 50 | 17.89 | 96 | 34.94 |
| 2 | 0.5 - 1 | 0 | 0.00 | 6 | 4.69 | 61 | 44.19 | 54 | 39.24 | 121 | 88.12 |
| 3 | 1 - 5 | 0 | 0.00 | 23 | 56.46 | 119 | 277.90 | 76 | 162.44 | 218 | 496.80 |
| 4 | 5 - 10 | 0 | 0.00 | 13 | 91.55 | 33 | 238.06 | 16 | 115.48 | 62 | 445.09 |
| 5 | 10 - 50 | 0 | 0.00 | 12 | 270.35 | 19 | 312.05 | 7 | 113.98 | 38 | 696.38 |
| 6 | > 50 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 4 | 243.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 4 | 242.91 |
| Total | | 0 | 0.00 | 57 | 423.83 | 279 | 1,131.38 | 203 | 449.02 | 539 | 2,004.24 |


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.2 Subbasin-Wise Statistics > 5.2.10 Subansiri Subbasin
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GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN

**Type-Elevation range-wise Distribution**

Glacial lake distribution has also been analyzed as per type-wise vs. elevation range-wise, given in Table 71 and Figure 92. The dominant lake type in the subbasin i.e., Other Glacial Erosion lakes (64.19%) are predominantly located in the elevation range of 4,001 - 5,000 m. The other dominant lake type, namely, Other Moraine Dammed and Cirque Erosion Lakes are distributed in high altitude range (4,001 - 5,000 m), i.e. 12.35% and 67.74%. Elevation range-type-wise distribution of glacial lakes has been represented in Figure 93.

5. RESULTS
5.2 Subbasin-Wise Statistics
5.2.10 Subansiri Subbasin


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.2 Subbasin-Wise Statistics > 5.2.10 Subansiri Subbasin
Type: table
Table: Table 71: Type-wise vs. Elevation range-wise distribution of GL in Subansiri subbasin

| S. No. | Subbasin | Types of Glacial Lake: M(e) | Types of Glacial Lake: M(l) | Types of Glacial Lake: M(lg) | Types of Glacial Lake: M(o) | Types of Glacial Lake: I(s) | Types of Glacial Lake: I(d) | Types of Glacial Lake: E(c) | Types of Glacial Lake: E(v) | Types of Glacial Lake: E(o) | Types of Glacial Lake: O | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | up to 3,000 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2 | 3,001 - 4,000 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 43 | 5 | 57 |
| 3 | 4,001 - 5,000 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 21 | 0 | 222 | 18 | 279 |
| 4 | > 5,000 | 26 | 1 | 0 | 78 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 81 | 8 | 203 |
| Total | | 33 | 1 | 0 | 89 | 6 | 2 | 31 | 0 | 346 | 31 | 539 |

S. No.
Subbasin
Types of Glacial Lake: M(e)
Types of Glacial Lake: M(l)
Types of Glacial Lake: M(lg)
Types of Glacial Lake: M(o)
Types of Glacial Lake: I(s)
Types of Glacial Lake: I(d)
Types of Glacial Lake: E(c)
Types of Glacial Lake: E(v)
Types of Glacial Lake: E(o)
Types of Glacial Lake: O
Total


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.2 Subbasin-Wise Statistics > 5.2.10 Subansiri Subbasin
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GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN

GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.2 Subbasin-Wise Statistics > 5.2.11 Teesta Subbasin
Type: text

The Teesta subbasin is the smallest subbasin of the Brahmaputra River basin covering a total area of 8,555 Km² i.e. 2.14% of the total basin area (Figure 94). The river originates from Cholamo Lake at an elevation of 5,330 m above sea level in the Himalayas. It is fed by the glaciers viz. Zemu, Changame Khanpu, Talung etc. Zenu Chu and Rangit are the two main tributaries of the Teesta River. A total of 683 glacial lakes has been mapped, covering a total area of 3,120.76 ha i.e. 0.36% of the total area of the subbasin.

5. RESULTS
5.2 Subbasin-Wise Statistics
5.2.11 Teesta Subbasin


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.2 Subbasin-Wise Statistics > Area-range-wise Distribution
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In Teesta subbasin, glacial lakes have been distributed in all area ranges. Table 72 and Figure 95 shows the area range-wise distribution of glacial lakes for the Teesta subbasin. About 575 (84.19%) lakes are with < 5 ha lake area contributing to 22.48% of total lake area. The remaining lakes with > 5 ha in size are 108 (15.81%) contributing to 77.52% of total lake area in the subbasin

5. RESULTS
5.2 Subbasin-Wise Statistics
Area-range-wise Distribution


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.2 Subbasin-Wise Statistics > Area-range-wise Distribution
Type: table
Table: Table 72: Area range-wise distribution of GL in Teesta subbasin

| S. No. | Lake Area Range (ha) | No. of Lakes | Total Lake Area (ha) | Total Lake Area (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0.25 - 0.5 | 196 | 66.61 | 2.13 |
| 2 | 0.5 - 1 | 153 | 111.22 | 3.56 |
| 3 | 1 - 5 | 226 | 523.58 | 16.78 |
| 4 | 5 - 10 | 47 | 353.24 | 11.32 |
| 5 | 10 - 50 | 50 | 982.43 | 31.48 |
| 6 | > 50 | 11 | 1,083.68 | 34.72 |
| | **Total** | **683** | **3,120.76** | **100.00** |

S. No.
Lake Area Range (ha)
No. of Lakes
Total Lake Area (ha)
Total Lake Area (%)


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.2 Subbasin-Wise Statistics > Type-wise Distribution
Type: text

Distribution of different types of glacial lakes in the Teesta subbasin is given in Table 73 and Figure 96. Out of 10 types of glacial lakes, 7 types of lake are present in the Teesta subbasin, where Other Glacial Erosion lakes are found to be the maximum with 382 (55.93%) occupying a total lake extent of 765.76 ha at 24.53% in the subbasin. After that, Other Moraine Dammed lakes are in majority with 148 (21.67%) and extend over a total area of 633.39 ha at 20.29%. in the subbasin

5. RESULTS
5.2 Subbasin-Wise Statistics
Type-wise Distribution


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.2 Subbasin-Wise Statistics > Type-wise Distribution
Type: table
Table: Table 73: Type-wise distribution of GL in Teesta subbasin

| S. No. | Code | Types of Glacial Lake | No. of Lakes | Total Lake Area (ha) | Total Lake Area (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | M(e) | End-moraine Dammed Lake | 31 | 1,374.46 | 44.03 |
| 2 | M(l) | Lateral Moraine Dammed Lake | 5 | 8.08 | 0.26 |
| 3 | M(lg) | Lateral Moraine Dammed Lake with Ice | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 4 | M(o) | Other Moraine Dammed Lake | 148 | 633.39 | 20.29 |
| 5 | I(s) | Supra-glacial Lake | 72 | 48.75 | 1.56 |
| 6 | I(d) | Glacier Ice-dammed Lake | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 7 | E(c) | Cirque Erosion Lake | 37 | 258.17 | 8.27 |
| 8 | E(v) | Glacier Trough Valley Erosion Lake | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 9 | E(o) | Other Glacial Erosion Lake | 382 | 765.76 | 24.53 |
| 10 | O | Other Glacial Lake | 8 | 33.15 | 1.06 |
| | | **Total** | **683** | **3,121.76** | **100.00** |

S. No.
Code
Types of Glacial Lake
No. of Lakes
Total Lake Area (ha)
Total Lake Area (%)


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.2 Subbasin-Wise Statistics > Type-wise Distribution
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GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN

**Area range-Type-wise Distribution**

Glacial lake distribution by area range vs. type-wise is given in Table 74 and Figure 97. The lakes with < 5 ha in size (84.19%) are dominant with Other Glacial Erosion (60.34%) and Other Moraine Dammed lakes (21.39%). Lakes with > 5 ha (15.81%) are also dominated by Other Glacial Erosion lakes (32.40%). All types of Glacier Erosion lakes, which constitute about 61.34% are predominantly with < 5 ha in water spread.


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.2 Subbasin-Wise Statistics > Type-wise Distribution
Type: table
Table: Table 74: Area range-wise vs. Type-wise distribution of GL in Teesta subbasin

| S. No. | Subbasin | Types of Glacial Lake   M(e) | Types of Glacial Lake   M(l) | Types of Glacial Lake   M(lg) | Types of Glacial Lake   M(o) | Types of Glacial Lake   I(s) | Types of Glacial Lake   I(d) | Types of Glacial Lake   E(c) | Types of Glacial Lake   E(v) | Types of Glacial Lake   E(o) | Types of Glacial Lake   O | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0.25 - 0.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 37 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 108 | 1 | 196 |
| 2 | 0.5 - 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 35 | 13 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 100 | 2 | 153 |
| 3 | 1 - 5 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 51 | 8 | 0 | 19 | 0 | 139 | 4 | 226 |
| 4 | 5 - 10 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 1 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 23 | 0 | 47 |
| 5 | 10 - 50 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 12 | 1 | 50 |
| 6 | > 50 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11 |
| **Total** | | **31** | **5** | **0** | **148** | **72** | **0** | **37** | **0** | **382** | **8** | **683** |

S. No.
Subbasin
Types of Glacial Lake M(e)
Types of Glacial Lake M(l)
Types of Glacial Lake M(lg)
Types of Glacial Lake M(o)
Types of Glacial Lake I(s)
Types of Glacial Lake I(d)
Types of Glacial Lake E(c)
Types of Glacial Lake E(v)
Types of Glacial Lake E(o)
Types of Glacial Lake O
Total


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GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN

**Elevation range-wise Distribution**

Elevation range-wise distribution of the glacial lakes in the Teesta subbasin has been shown in Table 75 and Figure 98. Majority of glacial lakes are situated above 4,000 m elevation range i.e. 661 (96.78%) with total lake area of 3,011.61 ha (96.50%) and remaining 3.22% glacial lakes are below 4,000 m elevation.


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.2 Subbasin-Wise Statistics > Type-wise Distribution
Type: table
Table: Table 75: Elevation range-wise distribution of GL in Teesta subbasin

| S. No. | Elevation Range (m) | No. of Lakes | Total Lake Area   (ha) | Total Lake Area   (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | up to 3,000 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 2 | 3,001 - 4,000 | 22 | 109.14 | 3.50 |
| 3 | 4,001 - 5,000 | 375 | 1,057.08 | 33.87 |
| 4 | > 5,000 | 286 | 1,954.54 | 62.63 |
| **Total** | | **683** | **3,120.76** | **100.00** |

S. No.
Elevation Range (m)
No. of Lakes
Total Lake Area (ha)
Total Lake Area (%)


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GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.2 Subbasin-Wise Statistics > Area Elevation range-wise Distribution
Type: text

Glacial lake distribution has been analyzed as per area range vs. elevation range-wise, given in Table 76 and Figure 99. It is noted that, 54.82% of glacial lakes (375) are situated in high altitude range i.e. 4,001 - 5,000 m amsl, which constitutes maximum share of total lake area within that range i.e. 33.86%. It has been further noticed that, 56.59% of lakes < 5 ha are lying within high altitude range i.e. 4,001 - 5,000 m, majority of them falling in size range of 1 - 5 ha. However, no glacial lakes lie below 3,000 m and 286 lakes above 5,000 m elevation range.

5. RESULTS
5.2 Subbasin-Wise Statistics
Area Elevation range-wise Distribution


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.2 Subbasin-Wise Statistics > Area Elevation range-wise Distribution
Type: table
Table: Table 76: Area range-wise vs. Elevation range-wise distribution of GL in Teesta subbasin

| S. No. | Lake Area Range (ha) | Elevation Range (m) up to 3,000 - No. of lakes | Elevation Range (m) up to 3,000 - Total Lake Area (ha) | Elevation Range (m) 3,001 - 4,000 - No. of lakes | Elevation Range (m) 3,001 - 4,000 - Total Lake Area (ha) | Elevation Range (m) 4,001 - 5,000 - No. of lakes | Elevation Range (m) 4,001 - 5,000 - Total Lake Area (ha) | Elevation Range (m) > 5,000 - No. of lakes | Elevation Range (m) > 5,000 - Total Lake Area (ha) | Total - No. of lakes | Total - Lake Area (ha) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0.25 - 0.5 | 0 | 0.00 | 7 | 2.47 | 109 | 37.00 | 80 | 27.14 | 196 | 66.61 |
| 2 | 0.5 - 1 | 0 | 0.00 | 2 | 1.58 | 90 | 65.00 | 61 | 44.15 | 153 | 111.22 |
| 3 | 1 - 5 | 0 | 0.00 | 7 | 12.04 | 127 | 288.00 | 92 | 223.48 | 226 | 523.58 |
| 4 | 5 - 10 | 0 | 0.00 | 2 | 15.83 | 23 | 164.00 | 22 | 173.62 | 47 | 353.24 |
| 5 | 10 - 50 | 0 | 0.00 | 4 | 77.23 | 25 | 445.00 | 21 | 460.33 | 50 | 982.43 |
| 6 | > 50 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 58.00 | 10 | 1,025.81 | 11 | 1,083.68 |
| | **Total** | **0** | **0.00** | **22** | **109.14** | **375** | **1,057.08** | **286** | **1,954.54** | **683** | **3,120.76** |


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***

GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN


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Type: text

Glacial lake distribution has also been analyzed as per type-wise vs. elevation range-wise, given in Table 77 and Figure 100. The dominant lake type in the subbasin i.e., Other Glacial Erosion lakes (55.92%) are predominantly located in the elevation range of 4,001 - 5,000 m. The other dominant lake type, namely, Other Moraine Dammed and Cirque Erosion Lakes are distributed in high altitude range (4,001 - 5,000 m), i.e. 16.89% and 83.78%. Elevation range-type-wise distribution of glacial lakes has been represented in Figure 101.

5. RESULTS
5.2 Subbasin-Wise Statistics
Type Elevation range-wise Distribution


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.2 Subbasin-Wise Statistics > Type Elevation range-wise Distribution
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Table: Table 77: Type-wise vs. Elevation range-wise distribution of GL in Teesta subbasin

| S. No. | Subbasin | Types of Glacial Lake - M(e) | Types of Glacial Lake - M(l) | Types of Glacial Lake - M(lg) | Types of Glacial Lake - M(o) | Types of Glacial Lake - I(s) | Types of Glacial Lake - I(d) | Types of Glacial Lake - E(c) | Types of Glacial Lake - E(v) | Types of Glacial Lake - E(o) | Types of Glacial Lake - O | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | up to 3,000 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2 | 3,001 - 4,000 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19 | 1 | 22 |
| 3 | 4,001 - 5,000 | 7 | 5 | 0 | 25 | 42 | 0 | 31 | 0 | 263 | 2 | 375 |
| 4 | > 5,000 | 23 | 0 | 0 | 123 | 29 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 100 | 5 | 286 |
| | **Total** | **31** | **5** | **0** | **148** | **72** | **0** | **37** | **0** | **382** | **8** | **683** |

S. No.
Subbasin
Types of Glacial Lake - M(e)
Types of Glacial Lake - M(l)
Types of Glacial Lake - M(lg)
Types of Glacial Lake - M(o)
Types of Glacial Lake - I(s)
Types of Glacial Lake - I(d)
Types of Glacial Lake - E(c)
Types of Glacial Lake - E(v)
Types of Glacial Lake - E(o)
Types of Glacial Lake - O
Total


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GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN

GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.2 Subbasin-Wise Statistics > 5.2.12 Upper Yarlung Tsangpo Subbasin
Type: text

The Upper Yarlung Tsangpo subbasin is the largest subbasin of the Brahmaputra River basin covering a total area of 1,27,926 Km² i.e. 31.99% of the total basin area (Figure 102). Major tributaries of Yarlung Tsangpo include Nyang chu River, Shang Chu, Nyang River, Mu Chu, and Parlung Tsangpo. It originates at Angsi Glacier in western Tibet, southeast of Mount Kailash and Lake Manasarovar, it later forms the South Tibet Valley and Yarlung Tsangpo Grand Canyon before passing into the state of Arunachal Pradesh, India. A total of 2,900 glacial lakes has been mapped, covering a total area of 16,088.66 ha i.e. 0.12% of the total area of the subbasin.

GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN

**Area-range-wise Distribution**

In Upper Yarlung Tsangpo subbasin, glacial lakes have been distributed in all area ranges. Table 78 and Figure 103 shows the area range-wise distribution of glacial lakes for the Upper Yarlung Tsangpo subbasin. About 2,529 (87.21%) lakes are with < 5 ha lake area contributing to 19.45% of total lake area. The remaining lakes with > 5 ha in size are 371 (12.79%) contributing to 80.55% of total lake area in the subbasin.

5. RESULTS
5.2 Subbasin-Wise Statistics
5.2.12 Upper Yarlung Tsangpo Subbasin


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.2 Subbasin-Wise Statistics > 5.2.12 Upper Yarlung Tsangpo Subbasin
Type: table
Table: Table 78: Area range-wise distribution of GL in Upper Yarlung Tsangpo subbasin

| S. No. | Lake Area Range (ha) | No. of Lakes | Total Lake Area (ha) | Total Lake Area (%) |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| 1 | 0.25 - 0.5 | 719 | 255.25 | 1.59 |
| 2 | 0.5 - 1 | 754 | 538.93 | 3.35 |
| 3 | 1 - 5 | 1,056 | 2,335.77 | 14.52 |
| 4 | 5 - 10 | 177 | 1,239.70 | 7.71 |
| 5 | 10 - 50 | 146 | 3,129.09 | 19.45 |
| 6 | > 50 | 48 | 8,589.93 | 53.39 |
| | **Total** | **2,900** | **16,088.67** | **100.00** |


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.2 Subbasin-Wise Statistics > 5.2.12 Upper Yarlung Tsangpo Subbasin
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Figure: Figure 103: Area range-wise distribution of GL in Upper Yarlung Tsangpo subbasin

**Figure 103: Area range-wise distribution of GL in Upper Yarlung Tsangpo subbasin**


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***

GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN

**Type-wise Distribution**

Distribution of different types of glacial lakes in the Upper Yarlung Tsangpo subbasin is given in Table 79 and Figure 104. Out of 10 types of glacial lakes, 8 types of lake are present in the Upper Yarlung Tsangpo subbasin, where Other Glacial Erosion lakes are found to be the maximum with 1,226 (42.28%) occupying a total lake extent of 5,923.31 ha at 36.82% in the subbasin. After that, Other Moraine Dammed lakes are in majority with 922 (31.79%) and extend over a total area of 2,057.14 ha at 12.79%. in the subbasin.


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.2 Subbasin-Wise Statistics > 5.2.12 Upper Yarlung Tsangpo Subbasin
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Table: Table 79: Type-wise distribution of GL in Upper Yarlung Tsangpo subbasin

| S. No. | Code | Types of Glacial Lake | No. of Lakes | Total Lake Area (ha) | Total Lake Area (%) |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| 1 | M(e) | End-moraine Dammed Lake | 78 | 3,123.41 | 19.41 |
| 2 | M(l) | Lateral Moraine Dammed Lake | 5 | 9.81 | 0.06 |
| 3 | M(lg) | Lateral Moraine Dammed Lake with Ice | 1 | 0.60 | 0.00 |
| 4 | M(o) | Other Moraine Dammed Lake | 922 | 2,057.14 | 12.79 |
| 5 | I(s) | Supra-glacial Lake | 17 | 35.73 | 0.22 |
| 6 | I(d) | Glacier Ice-dammed Lake | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 7 | E(c) | Cirque Erosion Lake | 28 | 99.22 | 0.62 |
| 8 | E(v) | Glacier Trough Valley Erosion Lake | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 9 | E(o) | Other Glacial Erosion Lake | 1,226 | 5,923.31 | 36.82 |
| 10 | O | Other Glacial Lake | 623 | 4,839.45 | 30.08 |
| | | **Total** | **2,900** | **16,088.67** | **100.00** |


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.2 Subbasin-Wise Statistics > 5.2.12 Upper Yarlung Tsangpo Subbasin
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Figure: Figure 104: Type-wise distribution of GL in Upper Yarlung Tsangpo subbasin

**Figure 104: Type-wise distribution of GL in Upper Yarlung Tsangpo subbasin**


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GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN


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Glacial lake distribution by area range vs. type-wise is given in Table 80 and Figure 105. The lakes with < 5 ha in size (87.21%) are dominant with Other Glacial Erosion (43.41%) and Other Moraine Dammed lakes (32.66%). Lakes with > 5 ha (12.79%) are also dominated by Other Glacial Erosion lakes (34.50%). All types of Glacier Erosion lakes, which constitute about 43.24% are predominantly with < 5 ha in water spread.

5. RESULTS
5.2 Subbasin-Wise Statistics
Area range-Type-wise Distribution


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.2 Subbasin-Wise Statistics > Area range-Type-wise Distribution
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Table: Table 80: Area range-wise vs. Type-wise distribution of GL in Upper Yarlung Tsangpo subbasin

| S. No. | Subbasin | M(e) | M(l) | M(lg) | M(o) | I(s) | I(d) | E(c) | E(v) | E(o) | O | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0.25 - 0.5 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 244 | 7 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 282 | 180 | 719 |
| 2 | 0.5 - 1 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 230 | 6 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 354 | 152 | 754 |
| 3 | 1 - 5 | 15 | 2 | 0 | 352 | 3 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 462 | 213 | 1,056 |
| 4 | 5 - 10 | 12 | 1 | 0 | 70 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 67 | 22 | 177 |
| 5 | 10 - 50 | 34 | 0 | 0 | 26 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 47 | 36 | 146 |
| 6 | > 50 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 14 | 20 | 48 |
| | **Total** | **78** | **5** | **1** | **922** | **17** | **0** | **28** | **0** | **1,226** | **623** | **2,900** |

S. No.
Subbasin
M(e)
M(l)
M(lg)
M(o)
I(s)
I(d)
E(c)
E(v)
E(o)
O
Total


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GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN


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Elevation range-wise distribution of the glacial lakes in the Upper Yarlung Tsangpo subbasin has been shown in Table 81 and Figure 106. Majority of glacial lakes are situated above 4,000 m elevation range i.e. 2,898 (99.93%) with total lake area of 16,083.48 ha (99.96%) and remaining 0.07% glacial lakes are below 4,000 m elevation.

5. RESULTS
5.2 Subbasin-Wise Statistics
Elevation range-wise Distribution


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Table: Table 81: Elevation range-wise distribution of GL in Upper Yarlung Tsangpo subbasin

| S. No. | Elevation Range (m) | No. of Lakes | Total Lake Area (ha) | Total Lake Area (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | up to 3,000 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 2 | 3,001 - 4,000 | 2 | 5.20 | 0.03 |
| 3 | 4,001 - 5,000 | 299 | 6,130.29 | 38.10 |
| 4 | > 5,000 | 2,599 | 9,953.18 | 61.86 |
| | **Total** | **2,900** | **16,088.67** | **100.00** |


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GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN

**Area Elevation range-wise Distribution**

Glacial lake distribution has been analyzed as per area range vs. elevation range-wise, given in Table 82 and Figure 107. It is noted that, 89.62% of glacial lakes (2,599) are situated in very high altitude range i.e. > 5,000 m amsl, which constitutes maximum share of total lake area within that range i.e. 61.86%. It has been further noticed that, 10.31% of lakes are lying within high altitude range i.e. 4,001 - 5,000 m, majority of them falling in size range of 1 - 10 ha. However, no glacial lakes lie below 3,000 m elevation range.


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Table: Table 82: Area range-wise vs. Elevation range-wise distribution of GL in Upper Yarlung Tsangpo subbasin

| S. No. | Lake Area Range (ha) | Elevation Range (m) - up to 3,000 - No. of lakes | Elevation Range (m) - up to 3,000 - Total Lake Area (ha) | Elevation Range (m) - 3,001 - 4,000 - No. of lakes | Elevation Range (m) - 3,001 - 4,000 - Total Lake Area (ha) | Elevation Range (m) - 4,001 - 5,000 - No. of lakes | Elevation Range (m) - 4,001 - 5,000 - Total Lake Area (ha) | Elevation Range (m) - > 5,000 - No. of lakes | Elevation Range (m) - > 5,000 - Total Lake Area (ha) | Total - No. of lakes | Total - Lake Area (ha) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0.25 - 0.5 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 63 | 22.71 | 656 | 232.54 | 719 | 255.25 |
| 2 | 0.5 - 1 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 71 | 49.64 | 683 | 489.29 | 754 | 538.93 |
| 3 | 1 - 5 | 0 | 0.00 | 2 | 5.20 | 90 | 178.89 | 964 | 2,151.68 | 1,056 | 2,335.77 |
| 4 | 5 - 10 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 22 | 160.15 | 155 | 1,079.55 | 177 | 1,239.70 |
| 5 | 10 - 50 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 30 | 754.51 | 116 | 2,374.58 | 146 | 3,129.09 |
| 6 | > 50 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 23 | 4,964.39 | 25 | 3,625.54 | 48 | 8,589.93 |
| | **Total** | **0** | **0.00** | **2** | **5.20** | **299** | **6,130.29** | **2,599** | **9,953.18** | **2,900** | **16,088.67** |


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***

GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN

**Type Elevation range-wise Distribution**

Glacial lake distribution has also been analyzed as per type-wise vs. elevation range-wise, given in Table 83 and Figure 108. The dominant lake type in the subbasin i.e., Other Glacial Erosion lakes (42.27%) are predominantly located in the elevation above 5,000 m. The other dominant lake type, namely, Other Moraine Dammed and Other Glacial Lakes are prominently seen in the elevation above 5,000 m i.e. 31.79% and 21.48%. Elevation range-type-wise distribution of glacial lakes has been represented in Figure 109.


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Table: Table 83: Type-wise vs. Elevation range-wise distribution of GL in Upper Yarlung Tsangpo subbasin

| S. No. | Subbasin | Types of Glacial Lake - M(e) | Types of Glacial Lake - M(l) | Types of Glacial Lake - M(lg) | Types of Glacial Lake - M(o) | Types of Glacial Lake - I(s) | Types of Glacial Lake - I(d) | Types of Glacial Lake - E(c) | Types of Glacial Lake - E(v) | Types of Glacial Lake - E(o) | Types of Glacial Lake - O | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | up to 3,000 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2 | 3,001 - 4,000 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 3 | 4,001 - 5,000 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 58 | 203 | 299 |
| 4 | > 5,000 | 66 | 5 | 1 | 898 | 17 | 0 | 26 | 0 | 1,166 | 420 | 2,599 |
| | **Total** | **78** | **5** | **1** | **922** | **17** | **0** | **28** | **0** | **1,226** | **623** | **2,900** |


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GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN

GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN


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Glacial lakes in all 12 subbasins of Brahmaputra River basin are compared for number of glacial lakes, total lake area, lake types and their elevation ranges in the following sections.

5. RESULTS
5.3 Inter Comparison of Subbasins


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Table 84 and Figure 110 shows the subbasin-wise distribution of number of glacial lakes and their water spread area for the Brahmaputra River basin. Lakes are predominantly distributed in Lower Yarlung Tsangpo (27.66%) followed by Upper Yarlung Tsangpo subbasin (16.11%), occupying a total lake extent of 26,371.81 ha and 16,088.67 ha at 28.36% and 17.30% respectively in the entire basin. However, minimum glacial lakes are present in Jia Bharali subbasin (1.30%) followed by Dihang subbasin (2.40%), covering a total lake extent of 0.69% and 3.14% respectively.

5. RESULTS
5.3 Inter Comparison of Subbasins
Subbasin-wise Distribution

Dihang
Jia Bharali
Lower Yarlung Tsangpo
Upper Yarlung Tsangpo


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Table: Table 84: Subbasin-wise distribution of GL in Brahmaputra River basin

| S.No. | Subbasin | No. of Lakes | Total Lake Area (ha) | Total Lake Area (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Amo Chu | 513 | 1,565.46 | 1.68 |
| 2 | Dibang | 772 | 6,566.10 | 7.06 |
| 3 | Dihang | 433 | 2,923.66 | 3.14 |
| 4 | Jia Bharali | 234 | 640.12 | 0.69 |
| 5 | Lhasa Tsangpo | 1,225 | 6,980.94 | 7.51 |
| 6 | Lohit | 2,276 | 11,529.23 | 12.40 |
| 7 | Lower Yarlung Tsangpo | 4,979 | 26,371.81 | 28.36 |
| 8 | Manas | 2,526 | 11,318.96 | 12.17 |
| 9 | Puna Tsang Chu | 921 | 3,880.79 | 4.17 |
| 10 | Subansiri | 539 | 2,004.24 | 2.16 |
| 11 | Teesta | 683 | 3,120.76 | 3.36 |
| 12 | Upper Yarlung Tsangpo | 2,900 | 16,088.67 | 17.30 |
| | **Total** | **18,001** | **92,990.74** | **100.00** |

S.No.
Subbasin
No. of Lakes
Total Lake Area (ha)
Total Lake Area (%)

Amo Chu
Dibang
Dihang
Jia Bharali
Lhasa Tsangpo
Lohit
Lower Yarlung Tsangpo
Manas
Puna Tsang Chu
Subansiri
Teesta
Upper Yarlung Tsangpo


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GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN

**Subbasin-Area range-wise Distribution**

Glacial lakes have been distributed in all subbasins for 6 classes of area ranges. Table 85 and Figure 111 shows subbasin-area range-wise distribution of glacial lakes for the Brahmaputra River basin. All subbasins contain glacial lakes in all area ranges except Jia Bharali, where lakes are not present in the area range of > 50 ha. Lower Yarlung Tsangpo is the subbasin which has majority of lakes > 50 ha i.e. 26.08%.


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Table: Table 85: Subbasin-wise vs. Area range-wise distribution of GL in Brahmaputra River basin

| S. No. | Sub basin | 0.25 - 0.5 ha (No. of Lakes) | 0.25 - 0.5 ha (Total Lake Area (ha)) | 0.5 - 1 ha (No. of Lakes) | 0.5 - 1 ha (Total Lake Area (ha)) | 1 - 5 ha (No. of Lakes) | 1 - 5 ha (Total Lake Area (ha)) | 5 - 10 ha (No. of Lakes) | 5 - 10 ha (Total Lake Area (ha)) | 10 - 50 ha (No. of Lakes) | 10 - 50 ha (Total Lake Area (ha)) | > 50 ha (No. of Lakes) | > 50 ha (Total Lake Area (ha)) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Amo Chu | 111 | 37.82 | 130 | 94.31 | 196 | 443.69 | 43 | 297.44 | 32 | 639.52 | 1 | 52.68 |
| 2 | Dibang | 24 | 9.90 | 82 | 60.95 | 334 | 899.70 | 144 | 1,030.44 | 175 | 3,532.30 | 13 | 1,032.81 |
| 3 | Dihang | 39 | 13.89 | 60 | 43.21 | 176 | 452.83 | 78 | 543.84 | 77 | 1,602.17 | 3 | 267.72 |
| 4 | Jia Bharali | 43 | 16.00 | 63 | 43.82 | 94 | 215.77 | 24 | 168.51 | 10 | 196.02 | 0 | 0.00 |
| 5 | Lhasa Tsangpo | 267 | 98.10 | 294 | 209.19 | 487 | 1,041.65 | 84 | 567.46 | 72 | 1,413.21 | 21 | 3,651.33 |
| 6 | Lohit | 466 | 165.05 | 496 | 360.40 | 857 | 2,043.43 | 229 | 1,615.47 | 209 | 3,989.56 | 19 | 3,355.32 |
| 7 | Lower Yarlung Tsangpo | 904 | 328.04 | 1,024 | 735.02 | 2,039 | 4,769.34 | 529 | 3,724.79 | 429 | 8,081.12 | 54 | 8,733.50 |
| 8 | Manas | 582 | 204.74 | 492 | 352.31 | 963 | 2,256.31 | 239 | 1,694.77 | 224 | 4,221.54 | 26 | 2,589.31 |
| 9 | Puna Tsang Chu | 180 | 64.82 | 187 | 134.37 | 370 | 836.81 | 93 | 668.05 | 84 | 1,556.92 | 7 | 619.82 |
| 10 | Subansiri | 96 | 34.94 | 121 | 88.12 | 218 | 496.80 | 62 | 445.09 | 38 | 696.38 | 4 | 242.91 |
| 11 | Teesta | 196 | 66.61 | 153 | 111.22 | 226 | 523.58 | 47 | 353.24 | 50 | 982.43 | 11 | 1,083.68 |
| 12 | Upper Yarlung Tsangpo | 719 | 255.25 | 754 | 538.93 | 1,056 | 2,335.77 | 177 | 1,239.70 | 146 | 3,129.09 | 48 | 8,589.93 |
| | **Total** | **3,627** | **1,294.83** | **3,856** | **2,771.84** | **7,016** | **16,315.71** | **1,749** | **12,348.79** | **1,546** | **30,040.25** | **207** | **30,219.32** |

S. No.
Sub basin
0.25 - 0.5 ha (No. of Lakes)
0.25 - 0.5 ha (Total Lake Area (ha))
0.5 - 1 ha (No. of Lakes)
0.5 - 1 ha (Total Lake Area (ha))
1 - 5 ha (No. of Lakes)
1 - 5 ha (Total Lake Area (ha))
5 - 10 ha (No. of Lakes)
5 - 10 ha (Total Lake Area (ha))
10 - 50 ha (No. of Lakes)
10 - 50 ha (Total Lake Area (ha))
> 50 ha (No. of Lakes)
> 50 ha (Total Lake Area (ha))


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GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN

**Subbasin-Type-wise Distribution**

Glacial lake distribution by subbasin vs. type-wise is given in Table 86 and Figure 112. It has been observed that, in descending order of total lake count, 3 types of lakes viz., Other Glacial Erosion, Other Moraine Dammed, and Cirque Erosion lakes are distributed in all subbasins, and Other Glacial Erosion lakes were found predominantly in Lower Yarlung Tsangpo (51.77%), Manas (26.77%), Lohit (13.26%), and Upper Yarlung Tsangpo (6.27%) respectively. Lower Yarlung Tsangpo subbasin consists higher number of End Moraine Dammed lakes i.e. 24.55%. Lateral Moraine Dammed lakes are present in all subbasins except Dibang and Dihang.

Dibang
Dihang
Lohit
Lower Yarlung Tsangpo
Manas
Upper Yarlung Tsangpo


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Table: Table 86: Subbasin-wise vs. Type-wise distribution of GL in Brahmaputra River basin

| S. No. | Subbasin | Types of Glacial Lake: M(e) | Types of Glacial Lake: M(l) | Types of Glacial Lake: M(lg) | Types of Glacial Lake: M(o) | Types of Glacial Lake: I(s) | Types of Glacial Lake: I(d) | Types of Glacial Lake: E(c) | Types of Glacial Lake: E(v) | Types of Glacial Lake: E(o) | Types of Glacial Lake: O | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Amo Chu | 2 | 4 | 0 | 27 | 5 | 0 | 61 | 0 | 412 | 2 | 513 |
| 2 | Dibang | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 141 | 0 | 601 | 28 | 772 |
| 3 | Dihang | 1 | 0 | 0 | 18 | 3 | 0 | 108 | 1 | 301 | 1 | 433 |
| 4 | Jai Bharali | 0 | 1 | 0 | 26 | 0 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 192 | 2 | 234 |
| 5 | Lhasa Tsangpo | 9 | 1 | 0 | 126 | 4 | 0 | 23 | 0 | 673 | 389 | 1,225 |
| 6 | Lohit | 59 | 5 | 0 | 386 | 12 | 0 | 82 | 0 | 1,572 | 160 | 2,276 |
| 7 | Lower Yarlung Tsangpo | 96 | 11 | 1 | 694 | 25 | 0 | 114 | 6 | 3,832 | 200 | 4,979 |
| 8 | Manas | 47 | 3 | 0 | 410 | 67 | 0 | 243 | 0 | 1,719 | 37 | 2,526 |
| 9 | Puna Tsang Chu | 34 | 2 | 0 | 172 | 61 | 0 | 62 | 0 | 590 | 0 | 921 |
| 10 | Subansiri | 33 | 1 | 0 | 89 | 6 | 2 | 31 | 0 | 346 | 31 | 539 |
| 11 | Teesta | 31 | 5 | 0 | 148 | 72 | 0 | 37 | 0 | 382 | 8 | 683 |
| 12 | Upper Yarlung Tsangpo | 78 | 5 | 1 | 922 | 17 | 0 | 28 | 0 | 1,226 | 623 | 2,900 |
| | **Total** | **391** | **38** | **2** | **3,019** | **272** | **2** | **943** | **7** | **11,846** | **1,481** | **18,001** |

S. No.
Subbasin
Types of Glacial Lake: M(e)
Types of Glacial Lake: M(l)
Types of Glacial Lake: M(lg)
Types of Glacial Lake: M(o)
Types of Glacial Lake: I(s)
Types of Glacial Lake: I(d)
Types of Glacial Lake: E(c)
Types of Glacial Lake: E(v)
Types of Glacial Lake: E(o)
Types of Glacial Lake: O
Total

Amo Chu
Dibang
Dihang
Lhasa Tsangpo
Lohit
Lower Yarlung Tsangpo
Manas
Puna Tsang Chu
Subansiri
Teesta
Upper Yarlung Tsangpo


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GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN

**Subbasin-Elevation range-wise Distribution**

Glacial lake distribution has been analyzed as per subbasin vs. elevation-range wise, given in Table 87 and Figure 113. Majority of glacial lakes are situated in all subbasins in high altitude range i.e. 4,001 - 5,000 m. After that, majority of glacial lakes in all subbasins are located in very high and medium altitude range i.e. > 5,000 m and 3,001 - 4,000 m. Only 11 lakes are located in all the subbasins in the elevation range < 3,000 m.


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Table: Table 87: Subbasin-wise vs. Elevation range-wise distribution of GL in Brahmaputra River basin

| S. No. | Subbasin | up to 3,000 - No. of lakes | up to 3,000 - Total Lake Area (ha) | 3,001 - 4,000 - No. of lakes | 3,001 - 4,000 - Total Lake Area (ha) | 4,001 - 5,000 - No. of lakes | 4,001 - 5,000 - Total Lake Area (ha) | > 5,000 - No. of lakes | > 5,000 - Total Lake Area (ha) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Amo Chu | 0 | 0.00 | 17 | 104.52 | 462 | 1,350.92 | 34 | 110.02 |
| 2 | Dibang | 2 | 27.46 | 405 | 3,586.02 | 365 | 2,952.62 | 0 | 0.00 |
| 3 | Dihang | 2 | 26.48 | 227 | 1,613.89 | 204 | 1,283.29 | 0 | 0.00 |
| 4 | Jai Bharali | 0 | 0.00 | 16 | 95.67 | 195 | 500.45 | 23 | 44.00 |
| 5 | Lhasa Tsangpo | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 0.49 | 376 | 3,684.05 | 848 | 3,296.40 |
| 6 | Lohit | 5 | 58.10 | 281 | 3,896.04 | 1,735 | 7,025.16 | 255 | 549.93 |
| 7 | Lower Yarlung Tsangpo | 2 | 40.11 | 99 | 1,456.03 | 3,056 | 16,552.09 | 1,822 | 8,323.58 |
| 8 | Manas | 0 | 0.00 | 52 | 231.67 | 1,656 | 8,137.45 | 818 | 2,949.84 |
| 9 | Puna Tsang Chu | 0 | 0.00 | 9 | 24.85 | 668 | 2,720.80 | 244 | 1,135.14 |
| 10 | Subansiri | 0 | 0.00 | 57 | 423.83 | 279 | 1,131.38 | 203 | 449.02 |
| 11 | Teesta | 0 | 0.00 | 22 | 109.14 | 375 | 1,057.08 | 286 | 1,954.54 |
| 12 | Upper Yarlung Tsangpo | 0 | 0.00 | 2 | 5.20 | 299 | 6,130.29 | 2,599 | 9,953.18 |
| | **Total** | **11** | **152.21** | **1,188** | **11,547.28** | **9,670** | **52,525.55** | **7,132** | **28,765.99** |

S. No.
Subbasin
up to 3,000 - No. of lakes
up to 3,000 - Total Lake Area (ha)
3,001 - 4,000 - No. of lakes
3,001 - 4,000 - Total Lake Area (ha)
4,001 - 5,000 - No. of lakes
4,001 - 5,000 - Total Lake Area (ha)
> 5,000 - No. of lakes
> 5,000 - Total Lake Area (ha)


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GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN

**5.4 India Level Statistics**

Brahmaputra River basin covers part of India and transboundary region, where in India it is covering a total area of 81,590 Km² i.e. 20.40% of the basin area. In India, basin area has been spread in three states viz., Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, and West Bengal. Both states of Arunachal Pradesh and Sikkim covers a total of 94.48% of the basin area lies within India and remaining 5.52% in West Bengal which does not contain any glacial lake. A total of 2,921 glacial lakes lies within Indian region, covering a total area of 15,758.05 ha i.e. 3.93% of the total area of the Brahmaputra River basin.

**Area range-wise Distribution**

In Indian region, glacial lakes have been distributed in all 6 classes of area ranges. Table 88 and Figure 114 shows the area range-wise distribution of glacial lakes for the Indian region. About 2,143 (73.37%) lakes are with < 5 ha lake area contributing to 21.56% of total lake area. The remaining lakes with > 5 ha in size are 778 (26.63%) but contributing to 78.44% of total lake area in the region.


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Table: Table 88: Area range-wise distribution of GL in India

| S.No. | Lake Area Range (ha) | No. of Lakes | Total Lake Area (ha) | Total Lake Area (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0.25 - 0.5 | 458 | 162.29 | 1.03 |
| 2 | 0.5 - 1 | 509 | 369.74 | 2.35 |
| 3 | 1 - 5 | 1,176 | 2,866.10 | 18.19 |
| 4 | 5 - 10 | 391 | 2,792.42 | 17.72 |
| 5 | 10 - 50 | 355 | 6,958.06 | 44.16 |
| 6 | > 50 | 32 | 2,609.44 | 16.56 |
| | **Total** | **2,921** | **15,758.05** | **100.00** |

S.No.
Lake Area Range (ha)
No. of Lakes
Total Lake Area (ha)
Total Lake Area (%)


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GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN


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Distribution of different types of glacial lakes in the Indian region is given in Table 89 and Figure 115. Out of all 10 types of glacial lakes, 7 types of lakes are present in the Indian region, where Other Glacial Erosion lakes are found to be the maximum with 2,150 (73.60%) occupying a total lake extent of 9,349.53 ha at 59.33% in the region. After that, Cirque Erosion Lakes and Other Moraine Dammed Lakes are in majority with 328 (11.23%) and 231 (7.91%) and extend over a total area of 2,947.28 ha (18.70%) and 1,194.07 ha (7.58%) respectively.

5. RESULTS
5.3 Inter Comparison of Subbasins
Type-wise Distribution


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Table: Table 89: Type-wise distribution of GL in India

| S.No. | Code | Types of Glacial Lake | No. of Lakes | Total Lake Area (ha) | Total Lake Area (%) |
| :---: | :---: | :--- | :---: | :---: | :---: |
| 1 | M(e) | End-moraine Dammed Lake | 38 | 1,477.67 | 9.38 |
| 2 | M(l) | Lateral Moraine Dammed Lake | 6 | 21.87 | 0.14 |
| 3 | M(lg) | Lateral Moraine Dammed Lake with Ice | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 4 | M(o) | Other Moraine Dammed Lake | 231 | 1,194.07 | 7.58 |
| 5 | I(s) | Supra-glacial Lake | 72 | 48.75 | 0.31 |
| 6 | I(d) | Glacier Ice-dammed Lake | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 7 | E(c) | Cirque Erosion Lake | 328 | 2,947.28 | 18.70 |
| 8 | E(v) | Glacier Trough Valley Erosion Lake | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 9 | E(o) | Other Glacial Erosion Lake | 2,150 | 9,349.53 | 59.33 |
| 10 | O | Other Glacial Lake | 96 | 718.88 | 4.56 |
| | | **Total** | **2,921** | **15,758.05** | **100.00** |

S.No.
Code
Types of Glacial Lake
No. of Lakes
Total Lake Area (ha)
Total Lake Area (%)


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GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN


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Glacial lake distribution by area range vs. type-wise is given in Table 90 and Figure 116. The lakes with < 5 ha in size (73.37%) are dominant with Other Glacial Erosion Lakes (77.55%) and Other Moraine Dammed lakes (8.49%). Lakes with > 5 ha (26.63%) are dominated by Other Glacial Erosion Lakes (62.72%). All types of Moraine-dammed lakes, which constitute about 9.41% are predominantly with < 5 ha in water spread.

5. RESULTS
5.3 Inter Comparison of Subbasins
Area range Type-wise Distribution


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Table: Table 90: Area range-wise vs. Type-wise distribution of GL in India

| S.No. | Lake Area Range (ha) | M(e) | M(l) | M(lg) | M(o) | I(s) | I(d) | E(c) | E(v) | E(o) | O | Total |
| :---: | :--- | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: |
| 1 | 0.25 - 0.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | 50 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 338 | 18 | 458 |
| 2 | 0.5 - 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 56 | 13 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 412 | 18 | 509 |
| 3 | 1 - 5 | 3 | 4 | 0 | 76 | 8 | 0 | 136 | 0 | 912 | 37 | 1,176 |
| 4 | 5 - 10 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 21 | 1 | 0 | 92 | 0 | 264 | 6 | 391 |
| 5 | 10 - 50 | 19 | 1 | 0 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 86 | 0 | 211 | 14 | 355 |
| 6 | > 50 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 13 | 3 | 32 |
| | **Total** | **38** | **6** | **0** | **231** | **72** | **0** | **328** | **0** | **2,150** | **96** | **2,921** |

S.No.
Lake Area Range (ha)
M(e)
M(l)
M(lg)
M(o)
I(s)
I(d)
E(c)
E(v)
E(o)
O
Total


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GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN


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Elevation range-wise distribution of the glacial lakes in the Indian region has been shown in Table 91 and Figure 117. Majority of glacial lakes are situated above 4,000 m elevation range i.e. 2,153 (73.71%) with total lake area of 9,963.6 ha (63.23%) and remaining 26.29% glacial lakes are below 4,000 m elevation.

5. RESULTS
5.3 Inter Comparison of Subbasins
Elevation range-wise Distribution


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Table: Table 91: Elevation range-wise distribution of GL in India

| S. No. | Elevation Range (m) | No. of Lakes | Total Lake Area (ha) | Total Lake Area (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | up to 3,000 | 4 | 44.73 | 0.28 |
| 2 | 3,001 - 4,000 | 764 | 5,749.71 | 36.49 |
| 3 | 4,001 - 5,000 | 1,783 | 7,780.92 | 49.38 |
| 4 | > 5,000 | 370 | 2,182.68 | 13.85 |
| **Total** | | **2,921** | **15,758.05** | **100.00** |

S. No.
Elevation Range (m)
No. of Lakes
Total Lake Area (ha)
Total Lake Area (%)


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GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN


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Glacial lake distribution has been analyzed as per area range vs. elevation range-wise, given in Table 92 and Figure 118. It is noted that, 61.04% of glacial lakes (1,783) are situated in high altitude range i.e. 4,001 - 5,000 m, which also constitutes majority of total lake area within that range i.e. 49.37%. However, 4 glacial lakes lies below 3,000 m. 82.97% of lakes lying in very high altitude range are < 5 ha, predominantly of size ranging 1 – 5 ha (i.e. 123), followed by lakes of size 0.25 – 0.5 ha (i.e. 102).

5. RESULTS
5.3 Inter Comparison of Subbasins
Area Elevation range-wise Distribution


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Table: Table 92: Area range-wise vs. Elevation range-wise distribution of GL in India

| S. No. | Lake Area Range (ha) | Elevation Range (m): up to 3,000 - No. of lakes | Elevation Range (m): up to 3,000 - Total Lake Area (ha) | Elevation Range (m): 3,001 - 4,000 - No. of lakes | Elevation Range (m): 3,001 - 4,000 - Total Lake Area (ha) | Elevation Range (m): 4,001 - 5,000 - No. of lakes | Elevation Range (m): 4,001 - 5,000 - Total Lake Area (ha) | Elevation Range (m): > 5,000 - No. of lakes | Elevation Range (m): > 5,000 - Total Lake Area (ha) | Total: No. of lakes | Total: Lake Area (ha) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0.25 - 0.5 | 0 | 0.00 | 46 | 17.18 | 310 | 110.33 | 102 | 34.78 | 458 | 162.29 |
| 2 | 0.5 - 1 | 0 | 0.00 | 77 | 58.31 | 350 | 252.82 | 82 | 58.61 | 509 | 369.74 |
| 3 | 1 - 5 | 1 | 4.71 | 335 | 841.70 | 717 | 1,725.87 | 123 | 293.82 | 1,176 | 2,866.10 |
| 4 | 5 - 10 | 0 | 0.00 | 149 | 1,078.74 | 213 | 1,491.57 | 29 | 222.11 | 391 | 2,792.42 |
| 5 | 10 - 50 | 3 | 40.02 | 146 | 2,938.78 | 183 | 3,487.28 | 23 | 491.98 | 355 | 6,958.06 |
| 6 | > 50 | 0 | 0.00 | 11 | 815.00 | 10 | 713.06 | 11 | 1,081.38 | 32 | 2,609.44 |
| **Total** | | **4** | **44.73** | **764** | **5,749.71** | **1,783** | **7,780.92** | **370** | **2,182.68** | **2,921** | **15,758.05** |


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GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN

**Type Elevation range-wise Distribution**

Glacial lake distribution has also been analyzed as per type-wise vs. elevation range-wise, given in Table 93 and Figure 119. The dominant lake type in the region i.e., Other Glacial Erosion Lakes (73.60%) are predominantly located in the elevation range of 4,001 - 5,000 m (79.47%). The other dominant lake type, namely, Cirque Erosion Lakes and Other Moraine Dammed lakes are distributed predominantly in altitude range of 4,001 - 5,000 m and > 5,000 m elevation range respectively, i.e. 63.10% and 69.26%. Majority i.e. 99.27% of all types of Moraine-dammed lakes lies above 4,000 m.


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Table: Table 93: Type-wise vs. Elevation range-wise distribution of GL in India

| S. No. | Subbasin | Types of Glacial Lake: M(e) | Types of Glacial Lake: M(l) | Types of Glacial Lake: M(lg) | Types of Glacial Lake: M(o) | Types of Glacial Lake: I(s) | Types of Glacial Lake: I(d) | Types of Glacial Lake: E(c) | Types of Glacial Lake: E(v) | Types of Glacial Lake: E(o) | Types of Glacial Lake: O | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | up to 3,000 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 4 |
| 2 | 3,001 - 4,000 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 112 | 0 | 588 | 61 | 764 |
| 3 | 4,001 - 5,000 | 13 | 6 | 0 | 71 | 42 | 0 | 207 | 0 | 1,417 | 27 | 1,783 |
| 4 | > 5,000 | 23 | 0 | 0 | 160 | 29 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 144 | 5 | 370 |
| | **Total** | **38** | **6** | **0** | **231** | **72** | **0** | **328** | **0** | **2,150** | **96** | **2,921** |


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GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN

**5.5 Indian State’s Statistics**

Glacial lakes located in 2 states of Indian region are compared for lake count, total lake area, lake types and their elevation ranges in the following sections.

**State-wise Distribution**

Table 94 and Figure 120 shows the State-wise distribution of glacial lakes of Indian region. Lakes are predominantly distributed in Arunachal Pradesh with 2,188 (74.91%) occupying a total lake extent of 12,490.77 ha at 79.27% in the region. Sikkim contains 733 glacial lakes (25.09%) extend over an area of 3,267.28 ha (20.73%).


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Table: Table 94: State-wise distribution of GL in India

| S.No. | Code | State | No. of Lakes | Total Lake Area (ha) | Total Lake Area (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | AP | Arunachal Pradesh | 2,188 | 12,490.77 | 79.27 |
| 2 | SK | Sikkim | 733 | 3,267.28 | 20.73 |
| | | **Total** | **2,921** | **15,758.05** | **100.00** |

S.No.
Code
State
No. of Lakes
Total Lake Area (ha)
Total Lake Area (%)


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GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN

**State-Area range-wise Distribution**

Glacial lakes have been distributed in both states for all classes of area range. Table 95 and Figure 121 shows the State -area range-wise distribution of glacial lakes for the Indian region. It has been observed that, glacial lakes in Arunachal Pradesh (AP) are predominantly < 5 ha (69.69%), majority of which are within 1 - 5 ha in size i.e. 60.85%, followed by lakes of 0.5 - 1 ha in size i.e. 22.62%. Not only in Arunachal Pradesh (AP), maximum number of lakes < 5 ha are (84.31%) located in Sikkim.


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Table: Table 95: State-wise vs. Area range-wise distribution of GL in India

| S. No. | Lake Area Range (ha) | State - Arunachala Pradesh - No. of lakes | State - Arunachala Pradesh - Total Lake Area (ha) | State - Sikkim - No. of lakes | State - Sikkim - Total Lake Area (ha) | Total - No. of lakes | Total - Lake Area (ha) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0.25 - 0.5 | 252 | 92.35 | 206 | 69.95 | 458 | 162.30 |
| 2 | 0.5 - 1 | 345 | 250.31 | 164 | 119.43 | 509 | 369.74 |
| 3 | 1 - 5 | 928 | 2,303.41 | 248 | 562.68 | 1,176 | 2,866.09 |
| 4 | 5 - 10 | 341 | 2,418.08 | 50 | 374.34 | 391 | 2,792.42 |
| 5 | 10 - 50 | 301 | 5,900.86 | 54 | 1,057.19 | 355 | 6,958.06 |
| 6 | > 50 | 21 | 1,525.76 | 11 | 1,083.69 | 32 | 2,609.44 |
| | **Total** | **2,188** | **12,490.77** | **733** | **3,267.28** | **2,921** | **15,758.05** |


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GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN

**State-Type-wise Distribution**

Glacial lake distribution by State vs. type-wise is given in Table 96 and Figure 122. It has been observed that, Arunachal Pradesh and Sikkim contains same types of glacial lakes except Supra-glacial Lake in Sikkim, with majority of Other Glacial Erosion Lakes i.e. 73.60%, followed by Cirque Erosion Lakes i.e. 11.23%. All types of moraine dammed lakes in Sikkim are 184 with 67.15%.


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Table: Table 96: State-wise vs. Type-wise distribution of GL in India

| S. No. | State | Types of Glacial Lake - M(e) | Types of Glacial Lake - M(l) | Types of Glacial Lake - M(lg) | Types of Glacial Lake - M(o) | Types of Glacial Lake - I(s) | Types of Glacial Lake - I(d) | Types of Glacial Lake - E(c) | Types of Glacial Lake - E(v) | Types of Glacial Lake - E(o) | Types of Glacial Lake - O | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Arunachal Pradesh | 7 | 1 | 0 | 83 | 0 | 0 | 282 | 0 | 1,727 | 88 | 2,188 |
| 2 | Sikkim | 31 | 5 | 0 | 148 | 72 | 0 | 46 | 0 | 423 | 8 | 733 |
| | **Total** | **38** | **6** | **0** | **231** | **72** | **0** | **328** | **0** | **2,150** | **96** | **2,921** |

S. No.
State
Types of Glacial Lake - M(e)
Types of Glacial Lake - M(l)
Types of Glacial Lake - M(lg)
Types of Glacial Lake - M(o)
Types of Glacial Lake - I(s)
Types of Glacial Lake - I(d)
Types of Glacial Lake - E(c)
Types of Glacial Lake - E(v)
Types of Glacial Lake - E(o)
Types of Glacial Lake - O
Total


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GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN

**State-Elevation range-wise Distribution**

Glacial lake distribution has been analyzed as per State vs. elevation-range wise, given in Table 97 and Figure 123. It has been observed that, majority of glacial lakes (61.04%) are located in high altitude range i.e. 4,001 - 5,000 m in both states. This is followed by medium altitude range i.e. 3,001 - 4,000 m in both states (26.15%).


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Table: Table 97: State-wise vs. Elevation range-wise distribution of GL in India

| S. No. | Elevation Range (m) | State: Arunachal Pradesh - No. of lakes | State: Arunachal Pradesh - Total Lake Area (ha) | State: Sikkim - No. of lakes | State: Sikkim - Total Lake Area (ha) | Total - No. of lakes | Total - Lake Area (ha) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | up to 3,000 | 4 | 44.73 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 44.73 |
| 2 | 3,001 - 4,000 | 739 | 5,610.27 | 25 | 139.44 | 764 | 5,749.71 |
| 3 | 4,001 - 5,000 | 1,363 | 6,610.21 | 420 | 1,170.71 | 1783 | 7,780.92 |
| 4 | > 5,000 | 82 | 225.56 | 288 | 1,957.14 | 370 | 2,182.69 |
| | **Total** | **2,188** | **12,490.77** | **733** | **3,267.28** | **2,921** | **15,758.05** |


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GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN

**5.5.1 District Level Statistics of Arunachal Pradesh**

Arunachal Pradesh is the largest state covering area of Brahmaputra River basin, contains glacial lakes only in fourteen districts. Amongst which, Dibang Valley covers the majority of the total lake area.

**Area-range-wise Distribution**

Glacial lakes have been distributed in both districts for 6 classes of area ranges, and area range-wise distribution for both districts has been shown in Table 98 and Figure 124. Glacial lakes in Dibang Valley district are found to be the maximum with 669 (30.58%) occupying a total lake extent of 5,746.19 ha at 46%. About 1,525 (69.69%) lakes are with < 5 ha lake area contributing to 21.18% of total lake area in the district.


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Table: Table 98: Area range-wise distribution of GL in Districts of Arunachal Pradesh

| S. No. | District | Lake Area Range (ha): 0.25 - 0.5 - No. of Lakes | Lake Area Range (ha): 0.25 - 0.5 - Total Lake Area (ha) | Lake Area Range (ha): 0.5 - 1 - No. of Lakes | Lake Area Range (ha): 0.5 - 1 - Total Lake Area (ha) | Lake Area Range (ha): 1 - 5 - No. of Lakes | Lake Area Range (ha): 1 - 5 - Total Lake Area (ha) | Lake Area Range (ha): 5 - 10 - No. of Lakes | Lake Area Range (ha): 5 - 10 - Total Lake Area (ha) | Lake Area Range (ha): 10 - 50 - No. of Lakes | Lake Area Range (ha): 10 - 50 - Total Lake Area (ha) | Lake Area Range (ha): > 50 - No. of Lakes | Lake Area Range (ha): > 50 - Total Lake Area (ha) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Anjaw | 52 | 18.60 | 75 | 56.11 | 193 | 451.54 | 65 | 471.47 | 61 | 1,149.56 | 3 | 172.29 |
| 2 | Changlang | 4 | 1.59 | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 1.93 | 2 | 15.25 | 2 | 25.18 | 0 | 0.00 |
| 3 | Dibang Valley | 30 | 11.97 | 76 | 55.56 | 282 | 747.80 | 124 | 891.21 | 145 | 3042.37 | 12 | 997.29 |
| 4 | East Kameng | 5 | 1.78 | 11 | 8.02 | 28 | 71.67 | 12 | 86.32 | 7 | 150.02 | 0 | 0.00 |
| 5 | Kra Daadi | 1 | 0.25 | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 1.19 | 2 | 17.19 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 |
| 6 | Kurung Kumey | 9 | 3.31 | 20 | 15.55 | 33 | 73.39 | 7 | 52.67 | 5 | 86.20 | 1 | 55.58 |
| 7 | Lohit | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 2 | 7.52 | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 12.55 | 0 | 0.00 |
| 8 | Lower Dibang Valley | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 3 | 13.81 | 2 | 14.26 | 1 | 16.14 | 0 | 0.00 |
| 9 | Siang | 2 | 0.69 | 2 | 1.65 | 6 | 17.88 | 2 | 14.06 | 1 | 18.47 | 0 | 0.00 |
| 10 | Tawang | 95 | 34.09 | 77 | 54.43 | 196 | 466.16 | 53 | 362.67 | 18 | 317.63 | 4 | 249.94 |
| 11 | Upper Siang | 1 | 0.48 | 9 | 6.29 | 36 | 91.11 | 20 | 141.17 | 21 | 383.11 | 0 | 0.00 |
| 12 | Upper Subansiri | 9 | 3.33 | 21 | 14.02 | 64 | 172.45 | 34 | 230.52 | 26 | 490.47 | 0 | 0.00 |
| 13 | West Kameng | 42 | 15.47 | 45 | 32.11 | 63 | 142.52 | 14 | 91.60 | 9 | 141.81 | 0 | 0.00 |
| 14 | West Siang | 2 | 0.78 | 9 | 6.58 | 20 | 44.44 | 4 | 29.69 | 4 | 67.35 | 1 | 50.66 |
| | **Total** | **252** | **92.35** | **345** | **250.31** | **928** | **2,303.41** | **341** | **2,418.08** | **301** | **5,900.86** | **21** | **1,525.76** |


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GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN


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Distribution of different types of glacial lakes in the districts of Arunachal Pradesh is given in Table 99 and Figure 125. It has been observed that, Other Glacial Erosion lakes are maximum with 489 (73.09%) in the Dibang Valley district, followed by Cirque Erosion Lake with 117 (17.48%). Total Glacial Erosion Lakes are 1,727 (78.93%) out of total lakes in the Arunachal Pradesh


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Table: Table 99: Type-wise distribution of GL in Districts of Arunachal Pradesh

| S. No. | District | M(e) | M(l) | M(lg) | M(o) | I(s) | I(d) | E(c) | E(v) | E(o) | O | No. of Lakes | Lake Area (ha) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Anjaw | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 28 | 0 | 393 | 25 | 449 | 2,319.57 |
| 2 | Changlang | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 1 | 9 | 43.95 |
| 3 | Dibang Valley | 4 | 0 | 0 | 29 | 0 | 0 | 117 | 0 | 489 | 30 | 669 | 5,746.20 |
| 4 | East Kameng | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 59 | 0 | 63 | 317.81 |
| 5 | Kra Daadi | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 18.63 |
| 6 | Kurung Kumey | 2 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 14 | 0 | 50 | 0 | 75 | 286.70 |
| 7 | Lohit | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 20.07 |
| 8 | Lower Dibang Valley | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 6 | 44.21 |
| 9 | Siang | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 13 | 52.75 |
| 10 | Tawang | 0 | 0 | 0 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 50 | 0 | 365 | 14 | 443 | 1,484.92 |
| 11 | Upper Siang | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 22 | 0 | 62 | 2 | 87 | 622.16 |
| 12 | Upper Subansiri | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 21 | 0 | 125 | 7 | 154 | 910.79 |
| 13 | West Kameng | 0 | 1 | 0 | 27 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 132 | 4 | 173 | 423.51 |
| 14 | West Siang | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 27 | 4 | 40 | 199.50 |
| | **Total** | **7** | **1** | **0** | **83** | **0** | **0** | **282** | **0** | **1,727** | **88** | **2,188** | **12,490.77** |

S. No.
District
M(e)
M(l)
M(lg)
M(o)
I(s)
I(d)
E(c)
E(v)
E(o)
O
No. of Lakes
Lake Area (ha)


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GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN


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Elevation range-wise distribution of the glacial lakes in the districts of Arunachal Pradesh has been shown in Table 100 and Figure 126. Majority of glacial lakes are situated in the elevation range of 4,001 – 5,000 i.e. 1,363 with total lake area of 6,610.22 ha. Tawang district contains maximum number of glacial lakes in the elevation range of > 5,000 m i.e. 56. Elevation range-type-wise distribution of glacial lakes has been represented in Figure 127.


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Table: Table 100: Elevation range-wise distribution of GL in Districts of Arunachal Pradesh

| S. No. | District | up to 3,000: No. of Lakes | up to 3,000: Total Lake Area (ha) | 3,001 - 4,000: No. of Lakes | 3,001 - 4,000: Total Lake Area (ha) | 4,001 - 5,000: No. of Lakes | 4,001 - 5,000: Total Lake Area (ha) | > 5,000: No. of Lakes | > 5,000: Total Lake Area (ha) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Anjaw | 0 | 0.00 | 174 | 1,049.58 | 275 | 1,269.99 | 0 | 0.00 |
| 2 | Changlang | 0 | 0.00 | 9 | 43.95 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 |
| 3 | Dibang Valley | 2 | 27.47 | 345 | 3,151.43 | 322 | 2,567.30 | 0 | 0.00 |
| 4 | East Kameng | 0 | 0.00 | 12 | 86.34 | 51 | 231.47 | 0 | 0.00 |
| 5 | Kra Daadi | 0 | 0.00 | 3 | 11.43 | 1 | 7.20 | 0 | 0.00 |
| 6 | Kurung Kumey | 0 | 0.00 | 10 | 28.21 | 65 | 258.49 | 0 | 0.00 |
| 7 | Lohit | 2 | 17.27 | 1 | 2.80 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 |
| 8 | Lower Dibang Valley | 0 | 0.00 | 5 | 40.00 | 1 | 4.21 | 0 | 0.00 |
| 9 | Siang | 0 | 0.00 | 9 | 27.28 | 4 | 25.47 | 0 | 0.00 |
| 10 | Tawang | 0 | 0.00 | 14 | 69.60 | 373 | 1,254.93 | 56 | 160.39 |
| 11 | Upper Siang | 0 | 0.00 | 63 | 495.71 | 24 | 126.45 | 0 | 0.00 |
| 12 | Upper Subansiri | 0 | 0.00 | 63 | 454.02 | 91 | 456.77 | 0 | 0.00 |
| 13 | West Kameng | 0 | 0.00 | 3 | 6.39 | 144 | 351.94 | 26 | 65.16 |
| 14 | West Siang | 0 | 0.00 | 28 | 143.50 | 12 | 56.00 | 0 | 0.00 |
| | **Total** | **4** | **45.73** | **739** | **5,610.27** | **1,363** | **6,610.21** | **82** | **226.56** |

S. No.
District
up to 3,000: No. of Lakes
up to 3,000: Total Lake Area (ha)
3,001 - 4,000: No. of Lakes
3,001 - 4,000: Total Lake Area (ha)
4,001 - 5,000: No. of Lakes
4,001 - 5,000: Total Lake Area (ha)
> 5,000: No. of Lakes
> 5,000: Total Lake Area (ha)


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GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN


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Sikkim is the second largest state covering area of Brahmaputra River basin, contains glacial lakes in four districts viz., North Sikkim, South Sikkim, West Sikkim, and East Sikkim. Amongst which, North Sikkim has the majority of glacial lakes covering 88.89% of the total lake area in the state.


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Glacial lakes has been distributed in 4 districts of Sikkim for 6 classes of area ranges, and area range-wise distribution for those has been shown in Table 101 and Figure 128. Glacial lakes in North Sikkim district are found to be the maximum with 589 (80.35%) occupying a total lake extent of 2,904.40 ha at 88.89%. About 618 (84.31%) lakes are with < 5 ha lake area contributing to 23.02% of total lake area in the district. Whereas, remaining lakes in the district with > 5 ha in size are only 15.69%, predominantly of 5 - 50 ha in size.

5. RESULTS
5.3 Inter Comparison of Subbasins
Area-range-wise Distribution


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Table: Table 101: Area range-wise distribution of GL in Districts of Sikkim

| S. No. | District | No. of Lakes (0.25 - 0.5 ha) | Total Lake Area (ha) (0.25 - 0.5 ha) | No. of Lakes (0.5 - 1 ha) | Total Lake Area (ha) (0.5 - 1 ha) | No. of Lakes (1 - 5 ha) | Total Lake Area (ha) (1 - 5 ha) | No. of Lakes (5 - 10 ha) | Total Lake Area (ha) (5 - 10 ha) | No. of Lakes (10 - 50 ha) | Total Lake Area (ha) (10 - 50 ha) | No. of Lakes (> 50 ha) | Total Lake Area (ha) (> 50 ha) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | North Sikkim | 165 | 56.86 | 126 | 90.55 | 200 | 462.75 | 40 | 301.17 | 47 | 909.39 | 11 | 1,083.69 |
| 2 | South Sikkim | 1 | 0.44 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 |
| 3 | West Sikkim | 18 | 5.85 | 18 | 14.22 | 17 | 34.61 | 3 | 22.22 | 3 | 60.83 | 0 | 0.00 |
| 4 | East Sikkim | 22 | 6.80 | 20 | 14.66 | 31 | 65.32 | 7 | 50.96 | 4 | 86.98 | 0 | 0.00 |
| | **Total** | **206** | **69.95** | **164** | **119.43** | **248** | **562.68** | **50** | **374.34** | **54** | **1,057.19** | **11** | **1,083.69** |

S. No.
District
No. of Lakes (0.25 - 0.5 ha)
Total Lake Area (ha) (0.25 - 0.5 ha)
No. of Lakes (0.5 - 1 ha)
Total Lake Area (ha) (0.5 - 1 ha)
No. of Lakes (1 - 5 ha)
Total Lake Area (ha) (1 - 5 ha)
No. of Lakes (5 - 10 ha)
Total Lake Area (ha) (5 - 10 ha)
No. of Lakes (10 - 50 ha)
Total Lake Area (ha) (10 - 50 ha)
No. of Lakes (> 50 ha)
Total Lake Area (ha) (> 50 ha)


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.3 Inter Comparison of Subbasins > Area-range-wise Distribution
Type: text

GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN

**Type-wise Distribution**

Distribution of different types of glacial lakes in the districts of Sikkim is given in Table 102 and Figure 129. It has been observed that, only 7 types of glacial lakes are distributed in the state, where Other Glacial Erosion Lakes are found to be the maximum with 423 (57.70%) in the state, followed by Other Moraine Dammed lakes with 148 (20.19%). North Sikkim district contains maximum number of glacial lakes in comparison with other districts in the state, with majority of Other Glacial Erosion Lakes (51.78%), followed by Other Moraine Dammed lakes i.e. 23.93%.


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.3 Inter Comparison of Subbasins > Area-range-wise Distribution
Type: table
Table: Table 102: Type-wise distribution of GL in Districts of Sikkim

| S. No. | District | Types of Glacial Lake - M(e) | Types of Glacial Lake - M(l) | Types of Glacial Lake - M(lg) | Types of Glacial Lake - M(o) | Types of Glacial Lake - I(s) | Types of Glacial Lake - I(d) | Types of Glacial Lake - E(c) | Types of Glacial Lake - E(v) | Types of Glacial Lake - E(o) | Types of Glacial Lake - O | Total - No. of Lakes | Total - Lake Area (ha) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | North Sikkim | 30 | 2 | 0 | 141 | 68 | 0 | 36 | 0 | 305 | 7 | 589 | 2,904.39 |
| 2 | South Sikkim | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0.44 |
| 3 | West Sikkim | 1 | 3 | 0 | 7 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 42 | 0 | 59 | 137.73 |
| 4 | East Sikkim | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 75 | 1 | 84 | 224.72 |
| | **Total** | **31** | **5** | **0** | **148** | **72** | **0** | **46** | **0** | **423** | **8** | **733** | **3,267.28** |

S. No.
District
Types of Glacial Lake - M(e)
Types of Glacial Lake - M(l)
Types of Glacial Lake - M(lg)
Types of Glacial Lake - M(o)
Types of Glacial Lake - I(s)
Types of Glacial Lake - I(d)
Types of Glacial Lake - E(c)
Types of Glacial Lake - E(v)
Types of Glacial Lake - E(o)
Types of Glacial Lake - O
Total - No. of Lakes
Total - Lake Area (ha)


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***

GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN

**Elevation range-wise Distribution**

Elevation range-wise distribution of the glacial lakes in the districts of Sikkim has been shown in Table 103 and Figure 130. Majority of glacial lakes (57.29%) are situated in high altitude i.e. 4,001 - 5,000 m elevation range with total lake area of 1,170.72 ha (35.83%). This is followed by glacial lakes in very high altitude elevation range with 39.29%. North Sikkim district contains maximum number of glacial lakes above 4,000 m elevation in comparison with any other district in the state, with majority of them falling in high altitude range i.e. 4,001 - 5,000 m. Elevation range-type-wise distribution of glacial lakes has been represented in Figure 131.


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.3 Inter Comparison of Subbasins > Area-range-wise Distribution
Type: table
Table: Table 103: Elevation range-wise distribution of GL in Districts of Sikkim

| S. No. | District | Lake Area Range (ha) - up to 3,000 - No. of Lakes | Lake Area Range (ha) - up to 3,000 - Total Lake Area (ha) | Lake Area Range (ha) - 3,001 - 4,000 - No. of Lakes | Lake Area Range (ha) - 3,001 - 4,000 - Total Lake Area (ha) | Lake Area Range (ha) - 4,001 - 5,000 - No. of Lakes | Lake Area Range (ha) - 4,001 - 5,000 - Total Lake Area (ha) | Lake Area Range (ha) - > 5,000 - No. of Lakes | Lake Area Range (ha) - > 5,000 - Total Lake Area (ha) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | North Sikkim | 0 | 0.00 | 10 | 33.76 | 293 | 914.45 | 286 | 1,956.18 |
| 2 | South Sikkim | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 0.44 | 0 | 0.00 |
| 3 | West Sikkim | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 57 | 136.79 | 2 | 0.94 |
| 4 | East Sikkim | 0 | 0.00 | 15 | 105.68 | 69 | 119.04 | 0 | 0.00 |
| | **Total** | **0** | **0.00** | **25** | **139.44** | **420** | **1,170.72** | **288** | **1,957.14** |


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GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN

GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN


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Type: text

Apart from India, Brahmaputra River basin also covers part of transboundary region which has a total area of 3,18,243 Km² i.e. 79.59% of the total river basin area. This transboundary region covers majority part of it in China and little in Bhutan. A total of 15,080 glacial lakes lies within transboundary region, covering a total area of 77,232.69 ha i.e. 0.24% of the total area of the Brahmaputra River basin under transboundary region.

5. RESULTS
5.6 Transboundary Region Statistics


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In Transboundary region, glacial lakes have been distributed in all 6 classes of area ranges. Table 68 and Figure 84 shows the area range-wise distribution of glacial lakes for the Transboundary region. About 12,356 (81.93%) lakes are with < 5 ha lake area contributing to 21.99% of total lake area. The remaining lakes with > 5 ha in size are only 2,724 (18.06%) but contributing to 78.01% of total lake area in the region.

5. RESULTS
5.6 Transboundary Region Statistics
Area range-wise Distribution


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Type: table
Table: Table 104: Area range-wise distribution of GL in Transboundary region

| S.No. | Lake Area Range (ha) | No. of Lakes | Total Lake Area (ha) | Total Lake Area (%) |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| 1 | 0.25 - 0.5 | 3,169 | 1,132.53 | 1.47 |
| 2 | 0.5 - 1 | 3,347 | 2,402.14 | 3.11 |
| 3 | 1 - 5 | 5,840 | 13,449.61 | 17.41 |
| 4 | 5 - 10 | 1,358 | 9,556.37 | 12.37 |
| 5 | 10 - 50 | 1,191 | 23,082.29 | 29.89 |
| 6 | > 50 | 175 | 27,609.75 | 35.75 |
| | **Total** | **15,080** | **77,232.69** | **100.00** |

S.No.
Lake Area Range (ha)
No. of Lakes
Total Lake Area (ha)
Total Lake Area (%)


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**Type-wise Distribution**

Distribution of different types of glacial lakes in the Transboundary region is given in Table 105 and Figure 133. All types of glacial lakes are present in the Transboundary region, where Other Glacial Erosion lakes are found to be the maximum with 9,696 (64.30%) occupying a total lake extent of 39,019.48 ha at 50.52% in the region. After that, Other Moraine Dammed and Other Glacial lakes are in majority with 2,788 (18.49%) and 1,385 (9.18%) and extend over a total area of 8,263.44 ha (10.70%) and 11,330.78 ha (14.67%) respectively.


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.6 Transboundary Region Statistics > Area range-wise Distribution
Type: table
Table: Table 105: Type-wise distribution of GL in Transboundary region

| S.No. | Code | Types of Glacial Lake | No. of Lakes | Total Lake Area (ha) | Total Lake Area (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | M(e) | End-moraine Dammed Lake | 353 | 9,142.85 | 11.84 |
| 2 | M(l) | Lateral Moraine Dammed Lake | 32 | 237.80 | 0.31 |
| 3 | M(lg) | Lateral Moraine Dammed Lake with Ice | 2 | 0.93 | 0.00 |
| 4 | M(o) | Other Moraine Dammed Lake | 2,788 | 8,263.44 | 10.70 |
| 5 | I(s) | Supra-glacial Lake | 200 | 214.38 | 0.28 |
| 6 | I(d) | Glacier Ice-dammed Lake | 2 | 2.50 | 0.00 |
| 7 | E(c) | Cirque Erosion Lake | 615 | 5,574.62 | 7.22 |
| 8 | E(v) | Glacier Trough Valley Erosion Lake | 7 | 3,445.91 | 4.46 |
| 9 | E(o) | Other Glacial Erosion Lake | 9,696 | 39,019.48 | 50.52 |
| 10 | O | Other Glacial Lake | 1,385 | 11,330.78 | 14.67 |
| | | **Total** | **15,080** | **77,232.69** | **100.00** |

S.No.
Code
Types of Glacial Lake
No. of Lakes
Total Lake Area (ha)
Total Lake Area (%)


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**Area range-Type-wise Distribution**

Glacial lake distribution by area range vs. type-wise is given in Table 106 and Figure 134. The lakes with < 5 ha in size (81.93%) are dominant with Other Glacial Erosion (65.85%) and Other Moraine Dammed lakes (19.66%). Lakes with > 5 ha (18.06%) are also dominated by Other Glacial Erosion lakes (57.23%). All types of Moraine-dammed lakes, which constitute about 21.05%, are majorly with < 5 ha in water spread.


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.6 Transboundary Region Statistics > Area range-wise Distribution
Type: table
Table: Table 106: Area range-wise vs. Type-wise distribution of GL in Transboundary region

| S. No. | Subbasin | M(e) | M(l) | M(lg) | M(o) | I(s) | I(d) | E(c) | E(v) | E(o) | O | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0.25 - 0.5 | 6 | 6 | 1 | 668 | 103 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 1,986 | 388 | 3,169 |
| 2 | 0.5 - 1 | 12 | 5 | 1 | 687 | 62 | 1 | 37 | 0 | 2,224 | 318 | 3,347 |
| 3 | 1 - 5 | 90 | 13 | 0 | 1,075 | 30 | 1 | 228 | 0 | 3,927 | 476 | 5,840 |
| 4 | 5 - 10 | 71 | 3 | 0 | 215 | 3 | 0 | 158 | 0 | 828 | 80 | 1,358 |
| 5 | 10 - 50 | 133 | 4 | 0 | 132 | 2 | 0 | 176 | 0 | 657 | 87 | 1,191 |
| 6 | > 50 | 41 | 1 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 7 | 74 | 36 | 175 |
| | **Total** | **353** | **32** | **2** | **2,788** | **200** | **2** | **615** | **7** | **9,696** | **1,385** | **15,080** |

S. No.
Subbasin
M(e)
M(l)
M(lg)
M(o)
I(s)
I(d)
E(c)
E(v)
E(o)
O
Total


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GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN

**Elevation range-wise Distribution**

Elevation range-wise distribution of the glacial lakes in the Transboundary region has been shown in Table 107 and Figure 135. Majority of glacial lakes are situated above 4,000 m elevation range i.e. 14,649 (97.14%) with total lake area of 71,327.42 ha, contributing 92.35% of lake area.


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.6 Transboundary Region Statistics > Area range-wise Distribution
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Table: Table 107: Elevation range-wise distribution of GL in Transboundary region

| S. No. | Elevation Range (m) | No. of Lakes | Total Lake Area (ha) | Total Lake Area (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | up to 3,000 | 7 | 107.41 | 0.14 |
| 2 | 3,001 - 4,000 | 424 | 5,797.86 | 7.51 |
| 3 | 4,001 - 5,000 | 7,887 | 44,743.89 | 57.93 |
| 4 | > 5,000 | 6,762 | 26,583.53 | 34.42 |
| | **Total** | **15,080** | **77,232.69** | **100.00** |

S. No.
Elevation Range (m)
No. of Lakes
Total Lake Area (ha)
Total Lake Area (%)


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***

146 GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN

**Area Elevation range-wise Distribution**

Glacial lake distribution has been analyzed as per area range vs. elevation range-wise, given in Table 108 and Figure 136. It is noted that, 52.30% of glacial lakes (7,887) are situated in high altitude range i.e. 4,001 - 5,000 m, which also constitutes majority of total lake area within that range i.e. 57.93%. However, 7 glacial lakes lies below 3,000 m, has 50% of its lakes < 5 ha in size. 87% of lakes lying in very high altitude range are < 5 ha, majorly of size ranging 1 - 5 ha (i.e. 2,605), followed by lakes of size 0.5 - 1 ha (i.e. 1,683). It has been further noticed that, 12.88% of lakes > 5 ha are lying within in the very high altitude range, majority of them falling in size ranging of 5 - 10 ha.


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.6 Transboundary Region Statistics > Area range-wise Distribution
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Table: Table 108: Area range-wise vs. Elevation range-wise distribution of GL in Transboundary region

| S. No. | Lake Area Range (ha) | Elevation Range: up to 3,000 (No. of lakes) | Elevation Range: up to 3,000 (Total Lake Area ha) | Elevation Range: 3,001 - 4,000 (No. of lakes) | Elevation Range: 3,001 - 4,000 (Total Lake Area ha) | Elevation Range: 4,001 - 5,000 (No. of lakes) | Elevation Range: 4,001 - 5,000 (Total Lake Area ha) | Elevation Range: > 5,000 (No. of lakes) | Elevation Range: > 5,000 (Total Lake Area ha) | Total (No. of lakes) | Total (Lake Area ha) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0.25 - 0.5 | 0 | 0.00 | 52 | 19.42 | 1,514 | 544.89 | 1,603 | 568.22 | 3,169 | 1,132.53 |
| 2 | 0.5 - 1 | 1 | 0.62 | 47 | 32.57 | 1,616 | 1,163.96 | 1,683 | 1,204.99 | 3,347 | 2,402.14 |
| 3 | 1 - 5 | 2 | 5.34 | 178 | 458.10 | 3,055 | 7,129.38 | 2,605 | 5,856.79 | 5,840 | 13,449.61 |
| 4 | 5 - 10 | 1 | 5.75 | 70 | 497.14 | 822 | 5,814.98 | 465 | 3,238.50 | 1,358 | 9,556.37 |
| 5 | 10 - 50 | 3 | 95.70 | 63 | 1,350.01 | 769 | 14,864.32 | 356 | 6,772.26 | 1,191 | 23,082.29 |
| 6 | > 50 | 0 | 0.00 | 14 | 3,440.62 | 111 | 15,226.36 | 50 | 8,942.77 | 175 | 27,609.75 |
| | **Total** | **7** | **107.41** | **424** | **5,797.86** | **7,887** | **44,743.89** | **6,762** | **26,583.53** | **15,080** | **77,232.69** |


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GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN

**Type Elevation range-wise Distribution**

Glacial lake distribution has also been analyzed as per type-wise vs. elevation range-wise, given in Table 109 and Figure 137. The dominant lake type in the subbasin i.e., Other Glacial Erosion lakes (64.29%) are predominantly located in the elevation range 4,001 - 5,000 m (58.93%). The other dominant lake type, namely, Other Moraine Dammed and End-Moraine Dammed Lakes are also majorly distributed in very high altitude range > 5,000 m elevation range, i.e. 75.71% and 59.49%. Majority i.e. 73.54% of all types of Moraine-dammed lakes lies in > 5,000 m.


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Table: Table 109: Elevation range-wise vs. Type-wise distribution of GL in Transboundary region

| S. No. | Subbasin | M(e) | M(l) | M(lg) | M(o) | I(s) | I(d) | E(c) | E(v) | E(o) | O | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | up to 3,000 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 7 |
| 2 | 3,001 - 4,000 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 26 | 15 | 0 | 46 | 2 | 281 | 45 | 424 |
| 3 | 4,001 - 5,000 | 134 | 19 | 1 | 647 | 117 | 0 | 480 | 4 | 5,714 | 771 | 7,887 |
| 4 | > 5,000 | 210 | 13 | 1 | 2,111 | 68 | 2 | 89 | 1 | 3,698 | 569 | 6,762 |
| **Total** | | **353** | **32** | **2** | **2,788** | **200** | **2** | **615** | **7** | **9,696** | **1,385** | **15,080** |


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.6 Transboundary Region Statistics > Area range-wise Distribution
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Figure: Figure 137: Elevation range-wise vs. Type-wise distribution of GL in Transboundary region

**Figure 137: Elevation range-wise vs. Type-wise distribution of GL in Transboundary region**


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***

GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN


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Section: 6. INDEX OF MAP SHEETS
Type: figure
Figure: Figure 138 shows the layout map representing SOI 250K toposheets overlaid on satellite image acquisition year layer covering the Brahmaputra River basin. A total of 65 toposheets covered the entire study area, of which 54 toposheets contain glacial lakes.

Figure 138 shows the layout map representing SOI 250K toposheets overlaid on satellite image acquisition year layer covering the Brahmaputra River basin. A total of 65 toposheets covered the entire study area, of which 54 toposheets contain glacial lakes.


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Section: 6. INDEX OF MAP SHEETS
Type: figure
Figure: Figure 138: Layout of SOI 250K Toposheets and year of satellite data used

Figure 138: Layout of SOI 250K Toposheets and year of satellite data used


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Type: text

***

GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN


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Transboundary Region | Map 1 | Plate No: 62J

Data Source: Resourcesat-2 LISS-IV (Total Nos of Scenes: 7)

**Distribution of Glacial Lake Types vs. Area-wise**


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Table

| S.No. | Glacial Lake Area Range (ha) | Moraine Dammed Lake: End-moraine Dammed Lake | Moraine Dammed Lake: Lateral Moraine Dammed Lake | Moraine Dammed Lake: Lateral Moraine Dammed Lake with Ice | Moraine Dammed Lake: Other Moraine Dammed Lake | Ice Dammed Lake: Supra-glacial Lake | Ice Dammed Lake: Glacier Ice-dammed Lake | Erosion Lake: Cirque Erosion Lake | Erosion Lake: Glacier Trough Valley Erosion Lake | Erosion Lake: Other Glacial Erosion Lake | Other Glacial Lake | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0.25 - 0.5 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 59 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 111 | 192 |
| 2 | 0.5 - 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 44 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 10 | 94 | 151 |
| 3 | 1 - 5 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 46 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 106 | 162 |
| 4 | 5 - 10 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 10 | 28 |
| 5 | 10 - 50 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 16 | 27 |
| 6 | > 50 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 6 | 11 |
| **Total** | | **11** | **3** | **0** | **167** | **3** | **0** | **2** | **0** | **42** | **343** | **571** |


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**Legend**
* Subbasin Boundary
* District Boundary

**DISCLAIMER:**
(a) The Administrative Boundaries shown are for scientific study and not for statutory purpose.
(b) Satellite image depicts both Glacial Lakes and Water Bodies, but only glacial lakes were mapped.

GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN

GLACIAL LAKES IN PART OF BRAHMAPUTRA BASIN

Transboundary Region
Map 2
Plate No: 62J
Upper Yarlung Tsangpo
Data Source: Resourcesat-2 LISS-IV
0 5 10 20 Km

Distribution of Glacial Lake Types

Location Map
Brahmaputra Basin
India

Subbasins
Amo Chu
Dibang
Dihang
Jia Bharali
Lhasa Tsangpo
Lohit
Lower Yarlung Tsangpo
Manas
Puna Tsang Chu
Subansiri
Teesta
Upper Yarlung Tsangpo

Plate Nos. with GREY annotation does not have Glacial Lakes. Corresponding Mapsheets not provided.

Legend
Moraine Dammed Lake
Ice Dammed Lake
Erosion Lake
Other Glacial Lake
Glacial Lake
River / Stream
Basin Boundary
Subbasin Boundary
District Boundary
State / UT Boundary
International Boundary

Elevation Range (m)
up to 3,000
3,001 - 4,000
4,001 - 5,000
> 5,000

Elevation-wise Glacial Lake Distribution


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Table

| S.No. | Elevation Range (m) | No. of Glacial Lakes | Glacial Lake Area (ha) |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| 1 | up to 3,000 | 0 | 0.0 |
| 2 | 3,001 - 4,000 | 0 | 0.0 |
| 3 | 4,001 - 5,000 | 133 | 1,858.8 |
| 4 | > 5,000 | 438 | 1,716.9 |
| | Total | 571 | 3,575.6 |

S.No.
Elevation Range (m)
No. of Glacial Lakes
Glacial Lake Area (ha)


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Prepared By:
Water Resources Group
National Remote Sensing Centre, ISRO
Department of Space, Government of India

Under:
National Hydrolgy Project
Department of Water Resources, RD & GR
Ministry of Jal Shakti, Government of India

DISCLAIMER: The Adminitrative Boundaries shown are for scientific study and not for statutory purpose

***

GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN

SATELLITE IMAGE OF PART OF BRAHMAPUTRA BASIN

Transboundary Region
Map 3
Plate No: 62K
Upper Yarlung Tsangpo
Data Source: Resourcesat-2 LISS-IV (Total Nos of Scenes: 4)
0 5 10 20 Km

Distribution of Glacial Lake Types vs. Area-wise


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Table

| S.No. | Glacial Lake Area Range (ha) | Moraine Dammed Lake: End-moraine Dammed Lake | Moraine Dammed Lake: Lateral Moraine Dammed Lake | Moraine Dammed Lake: Lateral Moraine Dammed Lake with Ice | Moraine Dammed Lake: Other Moraine Dammed Lake | Ice Dammed Lake: Supra-glacial Lake | Ice Dammed Lake: Glacier Ice-dammed Lake | Erosion Lake: Cirque Erosion Lake | Erosion Lake: Glacier Trough Valley Erosion Lake | Erosion Lake: Other Glacial Erosion Lake | Other Glacial Lake | Total |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| 1 | 0.25 - 0.5 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 17 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 15 | 35 |
| 2 | 0.5 - 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 9 | 23 |
| 3 | 1 - 5 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 18 | 39 |
| 4 | 5 - 10 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 4 |
| 5 | 10 - 50 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 9 |
| 6 | > 50 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 4 |
| | Total | 11 | 2 | 0 | 44 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 14 | 42 | 114 |


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Legend
Subbasin Boundary
District Boundary

DISCLAIMER:
(a) The Adminitrative Boundaries shown are for scientific study and not for statutory purpose
(b) Satellite image depicts both Glacial Lakes and Water Bodies, but only glacial lakes were mapped

GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN
GLACIAL LAKES IN PART OF BRAHMAPUTRA BASIN

Transboundary Region
Map 4
Plate No: 62K
Upper Yarlung Tsangpo

Data Source: Resourcesat-2 LISS-IV
0 5 10 20 Km

Distribution of Glacial Lake Types
Location Map
Brahmaputra Basin
India

Subbasins
Amo Chu
Dibang
Dihang
Jia Bharali
Lhasa Tsangpo
Lohit
Lower Yarlung Tsangpo
Manas
Puna Tsang Chu
Subansiri
Teesta
Upper Yarlung Tsangpo

Legend
Glacial Lake
River / Stream
Basin Boundary
Subbasin Boundary
District Boundary
State / UT Boundary
International Boundary
Elevation Range (m)
up to 3,000
3,001 - 4,000
4,001 - 5,000
> 5,000
Moraine Dammed Lake
Ice Dammed Lake
Erosion Lake
Other Glacial Lake

Elevation-wise Glacial Lake Distribution


Document: output vertex chunked
Section: SATELLITE IMAGE OF PART OF BRAHMAPUTRA BASIN
Type: table
Table

| S.No. | Elevation Range (m) | No. of Glacial Lakes | Glacial Lake Area (ha) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | up to 3,000 | 0 | 0.0 |
| 2 | 3,001 - 4,000 | 0 | 0.0 |
| 3 | 4,001 - 5,000 | 31 | 602.4 |
| 4 | > 5,000 | 83 | 639.0 |
| | Total | 114 | 1,241.4 |


Document: output vertex chunked
Section: SATELLITE IMAGE OF PART OF BRAHMAPUTRA BASIN
Type: text

Prepared By:
Water Resources Group
National Remote Sensing Centre, ISRO
Department of Space, Government of India

Under:
National Hydrolgy Project
Department of Water Resources, RD & GR
Ministry of Jal Shakti, Government of India

Plate Nos. with GREY annotation does not have Glacial Lakes.
Corresponding Mapsheets not provided.

DISCLAIMER: The Adminitrative Boundaries shown are for scientific study and not for statutory purpose

***

GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN
SATELLITE IMAGE OF PART OF BRAHMAPUTRA BASIN

Transboundary Region
Map 5
Plate No: 62M
Upper Yarlung Tsangpo

Data Source: Resourcesat-2 LISS-IV (Total Nos of Scenes: 1)
0 5 10 20 Km

Distribution of Glacial Lake Types vs. Area-wise


Document: output vertex chunked
Section: SATELLITE IMAGE OF PART OF BRAHMAPUTRA BASIN
Type: table
Table

| S.No. | Glacial Lake Area Range (ha) | Moraine Dammed Lake: End-moraine Dammed Lake | Moraine Dammed Lake: Lateral Moraine Dammed Lake | Moraine Dammed Lake: Lateral Moraine Dammed Lake with Ice | Moraine Dammed Lake: Other Moraine Dammed Lake | Ice Dammed Lake: Supra-glacial Lake | Ice Dammed Lake: Glacier Ice-dammed Lake | Erosion Lake: Cirque Erosion Lake | Erosion Lake: Glacier Trough Valley Erosion Lake | Erosion Lake: Other Glacial Erosion Lake | Other Glacial Lake | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0.25 - 0.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2 | 0.5 - 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 3 | 1 - 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 5 |
| 4 | 5 - 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 5 | 10 - 50 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 6 | > 50 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| | Total | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 7 |


Document: output vertex chunked
Section: SATELLITE IMAGE OF PART OF BRAHMAPUTRA BASIN
Type: text

Legend
Subbasin Boundary
District Boundary

DISCLAIMER:
(a) The Adminitrative Boundaries shown are for scientific study and not for statutory purpose
(b) Satellite image depicts both Glacial Lakes and Water Bodies, but only glacial lakes were mapped

GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN

GLACIAL LAKES IN PART OF BRAHMAPUTRA BASIN

Transboundary Region
Map 6
Plate No: 62M

Upper Yarlung Tsangpo

0 5 10 20 Km
Data Source: Resourcesat-2 LISS-IV

Distribution of Glacial Lake Types
Moraine Dammed Lake
Ice Dammed Lake
Erosion Lake
Other Glacial Lake

Location Map
Brahmaputra Basin
India

Subbasins
Amo Chu
Dibang
Dihang
Jia Bharali
Lhasa Tsangpo
Lohit
Lower Yarlung Tsangpo
Manas
Puna Tsang Chu
Subansiri
Teesta
Upper Yarlung Tsangpo

Plate Nos. with GREY annotation does not have Glacial Lakes.
Corresponding Mapsheets not provided.

Elevation-wise Glacial Lake Distribution


Document: output vertex chunked
Section: SATELLITE IMAGE OF PART OF BRAHMAPUTRA BASIN
Type: table
Table

| S.No. | Elevation Range (m) | No. of Glacial Lakes | Glacial Lake Area (ha) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | up to 3,000 | 0 | 0.0 |
| 2 | 3,001 - 4,000 | 0 | 0.0 |
| 3 | 4,001 - 5,000 | 0 | 0.0 |
| 4 | > 5,000 | 7 | 13.4 |
| | Total | 7 | 13.4 |


Document: output vertex chunked
Section: SATELLITE IMAGE OF PART OF BRAHMAPUTRA BASIN
Type: text

Legend
Glacial Lake
River / Stream
Basin Boundary
Subbasin Boundary
District Boundary
State / UT Boundary
International Boundary

Elevation Range (m)
up to 3,000
3,001 - 4,000
4,001 - 5,000
> 5,000

Prepared By:
Water Resources Group
National Remote Sensing Centre, ISRO
Department of Space, Government of India

Under:
National Hydrolgy Project
Department of Water Resources, RD & GR
Ministry of Jal Shakti, Government of India

DISCLAIMER: The Adminitrative Boundaries shown are for scientific study and not for statutory purpose

***

GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN

SATELLITE IMAGE OF PART OF BRAHMAPUTRA BASIN

Transboundary Region
Map 7
Plate No: 62N

Upper Yarlung Tsangpo

0 5 10 20 Km
Data Source: Resourcesat-2 LISS-IV (Total Nos of Scenes: 6)

Distribution of Glacial Lake Types vs. Area-wise


Document: output vertex chunked
Section: SATELLITE IMAGE OF PART OF BRAHMAPUTRA BASIN
Type: table
Table

| S.No. | Glacial Lake Area Range (ha) | Moraine Dammed Lake: End-moraine Dammed Lake | Moraine Dammed Lake: Lateral Moraine Dammed Lake | Moraine Dammed Lake: Lateral Moraine Dammed Lake with Ice | Moraine Dammed Lake: Other Moraine Dammed Lake | Ice Dammed Lake: Supra-glacial Lake | Ice Dammed Lake: Glacier Ice-dammed Lake | Erosion Lake: Cirque Erosion Lake | Erosion Lake: Glacier Trough Valley Erosion Lake | Erosion Lake: Other Glacial Erosion Lake | Other Glacial Lake | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0.25 - 0.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 49 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 26 | 11 | 86 |
| 2 | 0.5 - 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 39 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 28 | 4 | 72 |
| 3 | 1 - 5 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 58 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 31 | 18 | 112 |
| 4 | 5 - 10 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 13 |
| 5 | 10 - 50 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 6 | 17 |
| 6 | > 50 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 3 |
| | Total | 11 | 0 | 0 | 155 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 95 | 41 | 303 |


Document: output vertex chunked
Section: SATELLITE IMAGE OF PART OF BRAHMAPUTRA BASIN
Type: text

Legend
Subbasin Boundary
District Boundary

DISCLAIMER:
(a) The Adminitrative Boundaries shown are for scientific study and not for statutory purpose
(b) Satellite image depicts both Glacial Lakes and Water Bodies, but only glacial lakes were mapped

GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN
GLACIAL LAKES IN PART OF BRAHMAPUTRA BASIN

Transboundary Region
Map 8
Plate No: 62N

Upper Yarlung Tsangpo

Data Source: Resourcesat-2 LISS-IV
0 5 10 20 Km

Distribution of Glacial Lake Types
Moraine Dammed Lake
Ice Dammed Lake
Erosion Lake
Other Glacial Lake

Location Map
Brahmaputra Basin
India

Subbasins
Amo Chu
Dibang
Dihang
Jia Bharali
Lhasa Tsangpo
Lohit
Lower Yarlung Tsangpo
Manas
Puna Tsang Chu
Subansiri
Teesta
Upper Yarlung Tsangpo

Plate Nos. with GREY annotation does not have Glacial Lakes.
Corresponding Mapsheets not provided.

Elevation-wise Glacial Lake Distribution


Document: output vertex chunked
Section: SATELLITE IMAGE OF PART OF BRAHMAPUTRA BASIN
Type: table
Table

| S.No. | Elevation Range (m) | No. of Glacial Lakes | Glacial Lake Area (ha) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | up to 3,000 | 0 | 0.0 |
| 2 | 3,001 - 4,000 | 0 | 0.0 |
| 3 | 4,001 - 5,000 | 0 | 0.0 |
| 4 | > 5,000 | 303 | 1,337.0 |
| Total | | 303 | 1,337.0 |


Document: output vertex chunked
Section: SATELLITE IMAGE OF PART OF BRAHMAPUTRA BASIN
Type: text

Legend
Glacial Lake
River / Stream
Basin Boundary
Subbasin Boundary
District Boundary
State / UT Boundary
International Boundary

Elevation Range (m)
up to 3,000
3,001 - 4,000
4,001 - 5,000
> 5,000

Prepared By:
Water Resources Group
National Remote Sensing Centre, ISRO
Department of Space, Government of India

Under:
National Hydrolgy Project
Department of Water Resources, RD & GR
Ministry of Jal Shakti, Government of India

DISCLAIMER: The Adminitrative Boundaries shown are for scientific study and not for statutory purpose

GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN
SATELLITE IMAGE OF PART OF BRAHMAPUTRA BASIN

Transboundary Region
Map 9
Plate No: 62O

Upper Yarlung Tsangpo

Data Source: Resourcesat-2 LISS-IV (Total Nos of Scenes: 7)
0 5 10 20 Km

Distribution of Glacial Lake Types vs. Area-wise


Document: output vertex chunked
Section: SATELLITE IMAGE OF PART OF BRAHMAPUTRA BASIN
Type: table
Table

| S.No. | Glacial Lake Area Range (ha) | Types of Glacial Lakes: Moraine Dammed Lake: End-moraine Dammed Lake | Types of Glacial Lakes: Moraine Dammed Lake: Lateral Moraine Dammed Lake | Types of Glacial Lakes: Moraine Dammed Lake: Lateral Moraine Dammed Lake with Ice | Types of Glacial Lakes: Moraine Dammed Lake: Other Moraine Dammed Lake | Types of Glacial Lakes: Ice Dammed Lake: Supra-glacial Lake | Types of Glacial Lakes: Ice Dammed Lake: Glacier Ice-dammed Lake | Types of Glacial Lakes: Erosion Lake: Cirque Erosion Lake | Types of Glacial Lakes: Erosion Lake: Glacier Trough Valley Erosion Lake | Types of Glacial Lakes: Erosion Lake: Other Glacial Erosion Lake | Types of Glacial Lakes: Other Glacial Lake | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0.25 - 0.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 21 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 30 | 9 | 63 |
| 2 | 0.5 - 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 21 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 5 | 47 |
| 3 | 1 - 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 35 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 55 | 8 | 99 |
| 4 | 5 - 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 2 | 21 |
| 5 | 10 - 50 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 9 |
| 6 | > 50 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 7 |
| Total | | 1 | 0 | 0 | 88 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 118 | 34 | 246 |


Document: output vertex chunked
Section: SATELLITE IMAGE OF PART OF BRAHMAPUTRA BASIN
Type: text

Legend
Subbasin Boundary
District Boundary

DISCLAIMER:
(a) The Adminitrative Boundaries shown are for scientific study and not for statutory purpose
(b) Satellite image depicts both Glacial Lakes and Water Bodies, but only glacial lakes were mapped

GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER BASIN


Document: output vertex chunked
Section: GLACIAL LAKES IN PART OF BRAHMAPUTRA BASIN
Type: text

Transboundary Region
Map 10
Plate No: 62O

Upper Yarlung Tsangpo

Data Source: Resourcesat-2 LISS-IV
0 5 10 20 Km

Distribution of Glacial Lake Types

Location Map
Brahmaputra Basin
India

Subbasins:
* Amo Chu
* Dibang
* Dihang
* Jia Bharali
* Lhasa Tsangpo
* Lohit
* Lower Yarlung Tsangpo
* Manas
* Puna Tsang Chu
* Subansiri
* Teesta
* Upper Yarlung Tsangpo

Plate Nos. with GREY annotation does not have Glacial Lakes.
Corresponding Mapsheets not provided.

Elevation-wise Glacial Lake Distribution


Document: output vertex chunked
Section: GLACIAL LAKES IN PART OF BRAHMAPUTRA BASIN
Type: table
Table

| S.No. | Elevation Range (m) | No. of Glacial Lakes | Glacial Lake Area (ha) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | up to 3,000 | 0 | 0.0 |
| 2 | 3,001 - 4,000 | 0 | 0.0 |
| 3 | 4,001 - 5,000 | 6 | 537.0 |
| 4 | > 5,000 | 240 | 895.3 |
| | Total | 246 | 1,432.3 |