Document: MESSAGE
Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.1 Ganga Basin Level Statistics > 5.2.3 Kosi Subbasin
Type: text

The Kosi subbasin is the largest subbasin of the Ganga River basin covering a total area of 59,709 Km² i.e. 24.16% of the total basin area (Figure 30). Kosi subbasin has so many high mountain peaks and Kosi River is joined by major tributaries like Sun Kosi, Tama Kosi, Dudh Kosi, Arun Kosi, and Tamur Kosi. The Arun Kosi River rises in the trans-Himalayan zone of Tibet, has cut a fantastic gorge across the main Himalayan range near the Everest massif. Yeru Chu and Bum Chu are the other two tributaries of Arun Kosi. The river Tamur Kosi which is the eastern tributary of the river Kosi, rises from the higher elevations of the western flank of the Kanchenjunga group of glaciers known as the Kumbhakaran Himal. A total of 2,437 glacial lakes has been mapped, covering a total area of 14,604.34 ha i.e. 0.24% of the total area of the subbasin.

GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF GANGA RIVER BASIN

**Area range-wise Distribution**

In Kosi subbasin, glacial lakes have been distributed in all 6 classes of area ranges. Table 24 and Figure 31 shows the area range-wise distribution of glacial lakes for the Kosi subbasin. About 2,039 (83.67%) lakes are with < 5 ha lake area contributing to 17.38% of total lake area. The remaining lakes with ≥ 5 ha in size are only 398 (16.33%) but contributing to 82.62% of total lake area in the subbasin.

5. RESULTS
5.1 Ganga Basin Level Statistics
5.2.3 Kosi Subbasin


Document: MESSAGE
Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.1 Ganga Basin Level Statistics > 5.2.3 Kosi Subbasin
Type: table
Table: Table 24: Area range-wise distribution of GL in Kosi subbasin

| S. No. | Lake Area Range (ha) | No. of Lakes | Total Lake Area (ha) | Total Lake Area (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0.25 - 0.5 | 606 | 215.04 | 1.47 |
| 2 | 0.5 - 1 | 571 | 406.11 | 2.78 |
| 3 | 1 - 5 | 862 | 1,917.98 | 13.13 |
| 4 | 5 - 10 | 174 | 1,205.76 | 8.26 |
| 5 | 10 - 50 | 170 | 3,650.33 | 25.00 |
| 6 | ≥ 50 | 54 | 7,209.12 | 49.36 |
| | **Total** | **2,437** | **14,604.34** | **100.00** |

S. No.
Lake Area Range (ha)
No. of Lakes
Total Lake Area (ha)
Total Lake Area (%)


Document: MESSAGE
Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.1 Ganga Basin Level Statistics > 5.2.3 Kosi Subbasin
Type: figure
Figure: Figure 31: Area range-wise distribution of GL in Kosi subbasin

**Figure 31: Area range-wise distribution of GL in Kosi subbasin**


Document: MESSAGE
Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.1 Ganga Basin Level Statistics > 5.2.3 Kosi Subbasin
Type: text

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GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF GANGA RIVER BASIN

**Type-wise Distribution**

Distribution of different types of glacial lake in the Kosi subbasin is given in Table 25 and Figure 32. Out of 9 types of glacial lake, 7 types of lake are present in the Kosi subbasin, where Other Glacial Erosion lake is found to be the maximum with 986 (40.46%) occupying a total lake extent of 2,956.50 ha at 20.24% in the subbasin. After that, Other Moraine Dammed and Supra-glacial lakes are in majority with 829 (34.02%) and 335 (13.75%) and extend over a total lake area of 2,577.28 ha (17.65%) and 360.17 ha (2.47%) respectively.


Document: MESSAGE
Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.1 Ganga Basin Level Statistics > 5.2.3 Kosi Subbasin
Type: table
Table: Table 25: Type-wise distribution of GL in Kosi subbasin

| S. No. | Code | Types of Glacial Lake | No. of Lakes | Total Lake Area (ha) | Total Lake Area (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | M(e) | End-moraine Dammed Lake | 138 | 7,243.03 | 49.60 |
| 2 | M(l) | Lateral Moraine Dammed Lake | 39 | 320.10 | 2.19 |
| 3 | M(lg) | Lateral Moraine Dammed Lake with Ice | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 4 | M(o) | Other Moraine Dammed Lake | 829 | 2,577.28 | 17.65 |
| 5 | I(s) | Supra-glacial Lake | 335 | 360.17 | 2.47 |
| 6 | I(d) | Glacier Ice-dammed Lake | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 7 | E(c) | Cirque Erosion Lake | 65 | 517.14 | 3.54 |
| 8 | E(o) | Other Glacial Erosion Lake | 986 | 2,956.50 | 20.24 |
| 9 | O | Other Glacial Lake | 45 | 630.12 | 4.31 |
| | | **Total** | **2,437** | **14,604.34** | **100.00** |

S. No.
Code
Types of Glacial Lake
No. of Lakes
Total Lake Area (ha)
Total Lake Area (%)


Document: MESSAGE
Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.1 Ganga Basin Level Statistics > 5.2.3 Kosi Subbasin
Type: figure
Figure: Figure 32: Type-wise distribution of GL in Kosi subbasin

**Figure 32: Type-wise distribution of GL in Kosi subbasin**


Document: MESSAGE
Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.1 Ganga Basin Level Statistics > 5.2.3 Kosi Subbasin
Type: text

GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF GANGA RIVER BASIN

**Area range-Type-wise Distribution**

Glacial lake distribution by area range vs. type-wise is given in Table 26 and Figure 33. The lakes with < 5 ha in size (83.67%) are dominant with Other Glacial Erosion (43.21%) and Other Moraine Dammed lakes (35.31%). Lakes with ≥ 5 ha (16.33%) are dominated by End-moraine Dammed type (28.89%). All types of Moraine-dammed lakes, which constitute about 41.28% are predominantly with < 5 ha in water spread.


Document: MESSAGE
Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.1 Ganga Basin Level Statistics > 5.2.3 Kosi Subbasin
Type: table
Table: Table 26: Area range-wise vs. Type-wise distribution of GL in Kosi subbasin

| S. No. | Lake Area Range (ha) | M(e) | M(l) | M(lg) | M(o) | I(s) | I(d) | E(c) | E(o) | O | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0.25 - 0.5 | 1 | 9 | 0 | 205 | 178 | 0 | 2 | 199 | 12 | 606 |
| 2 | 0.5 - 1 | 5 | 7 | 0 | 200 | 94 | 0 | 0 | 257 | 8 | 571 |
| 3 | 1 - 5 | 17 | 15 | 0 | 315 | 54 | 0 | 27 | 425 | 9 | 862 |
| 4 | 5 - 10 | 21 | 1 | 0 | 62 | 4 | 0 | 17 | 65 | 4 | 174 |
| 5 | 10 - 50 | 54 | 4 | 0 | 45 | 5 | 0 | 19 | 35 | 8 | 170 |
| 6 | ≥ 50 | 40 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 4 | 54 |
| | **Total** | **138** | **39** | **0** | **829** | **335** | **0** | **65** | **986** | **45** | **2,437** |

S. No.
Lake Area Range (ha)
M(e)
M(l)
M(lg)
M(o)
I(s)
I(d)
E(c)
E(o)
O
Total


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.1 Ganga Basin Level Statistics > 5.2.3 Kosi Subbasin
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GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF GANGA RIVER BASIN

**Elevation range-wise Distribution**

Elevation range-wise distribution of the glacial lakes in the Kosi subbasin has been shown in Table 27 and Figure 34. Majority of glacial lakes are situated above 4,000 m elevation range i.e. 2,416 (99.14%) with total lake area of 14,513.60 ha (99.38%) and remaining 0.86% glacial lakes are below 4,001 m elevation.


Document: MESSAGE
Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.1 Ganga Basin Level Statistics > 5.2.3 Kosi Subbasin
Type: table
Table: Table 27: Elevation range-wise distribution of GL in Kosi subbasin

| S. No. | Elevation Range (m) | No. of Lakes | Total Lake Area (ha) | Total Lake Area (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | up to 3,000 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 2 | 3,001 - 4,000 | 21 | 90.74 | 0.62 |
| 3 | 4,001 - 5,000 | 856 | 4,049.65 | 27.73 |
| 4 | > 5,000 | 1,560 | 10,463.95 | 71.65 |
| | **Total** | **2,437** | **14,604.34** | **100.00** |

S. No.
Elevation Range (m)
No. of Lakes
Total Lake Area (ha)
Total Lake Area (%)


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.1 Ganga Basin Level Statistics > 5.2.3 Kosi Subbasin
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GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF GANGA RIVER BASIN


Document: MESSAGE
Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.1 Ganga Basin Level Statistics > Area-Elevation range-wise Distribution
Type: text

Glacial lake distribution has been analyzed as per area range vs. elevation range-wise, given in Table 28 and Figure 35. It is noted that, 64.01% of glacial lakes (1,560) are situated in very high altitude range i.e. > 5,000 m amsl, which also constitutes maximum total lake area within that range i.e. 71.65%. However, 260 glacial lakes lies above 5,000 m, which are ≥ 5 ha in size. 83.33% of lakes lying in very high altitude range are < 5 ha, predominantly of size ranging 1 - 5 ha (i.e. 516), followed by lakes of size 0.25 - 0.5 ha (i.e. 411). It has been further noticed that, 65.33% of lakes ≥ 5 ha are lying within in very high altitude range i.e. > 5,000 m, majority of them falling in size range of 10 - 50 ha.

5. RESULTS
5.1 Ganga Basin Level Statistics
Area-Elevation range-wise Distribution


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.1 Ganga Basin Level Statistics > Area-Elevation range-wise Distribution
Type: table
Table: Table 28: Area range-wise vs. Elevation range-wise distribution of GL in Kosi subbasin

| S. No. | Lake Area Range (ha) | Elevation Range (m): up to 3,000 - No. of lakes | Elevation Range (m): up to 3,000 - Total Lake Area (ha) | Elevation Range (m): 3,001 - 4,000 - No. of lakes | Elevation Range (m): 3,001 - 4,000 - Total Lake Area (ha) | Elevation Range (m): 4,001 - 5,000 - No. of lakes | Elevation Range (m): 4,001 - 5,000 - Total Lake Area (ha) | Elevation Range (m): > 5,000 - No. of lakes | Elevation Range (m): > 5,000 - Total Lake Area (ha) | Total: No. of lakes | Total: Lake Area (ha) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0.25 - 0.5 | 0 | 0.00 | 4 | 1.22 | 191 | 68.94 | 411 | 144.89 | 606 | 215.04 |
| 2 | 0.5 - 1 | 0 | 0.00 | 3 | 2.10 | 195 | 142.19 | 373 | 261.82 | 571 | 406.11 |
| 3 | 1 - 5 | 0 | 0.00 | 9 | 25.89 | 337 | 757.61 | 516 | 1,134.47 | 862 | 1,917.98 |
| 4 | 5 - 10 | 0 | 0.00 | 2 | 13.45 | 65 | 469.40 | 107 | 722.91 | 174 | 1,205.76 |
| 5 | 10 - 50 | 0 | 0.00 | 3 | 48.08 | 52 | 1,032.06 | 115 | 2,570.19 | 170 | 3,650.33 |
| 6 | ≥ 50 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 16 | 1,579.44 | 38 | 5,629.67 | 54 | 7,209.12 |
| | **Total** | **0** | **0.00** | **21** | **90.74** | **856** | **4,049.65** | **1,560** | **10,463.95** | **2,437** | **14,604.34** |


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.1 Ganga Basin Level Statistics > Area-Elevation range-wise Distribution
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***

GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF GANGA RIVER BASIN


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.1 Ganga Basin Level Statistics > Type-Elevation range-wise Distribution
Type: text

Glacial lake distribution has also been analyzed as per type-wise vs. elevation range-wise, given in Table 29 and Figure 36. The dominant lake type in the subbasin i.e. Other Glacial Erosion lake (40.46%) is predominantly located in the elevation range of > 4,000 m (98.58%). The other dominant lake type, namely, Other Moraine Dammed and Supra-glacial lakes are distributed predominantly in > 5,000 m elevation range i.e. 83.47% and 68.06%. Majority of all types of Moraine-dammed (99.90%) and Glacier Erosion lake (98.57%) lies above 4,000 m elevation. Elevation range-type-wise spatial distribution of glacial lakes has been represented in Figure 37.

5. RESULTS
5.1 Ganga Basin Level Statistics
Type-Elevation range-wise Distribution


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.1 Ganga Basin Level Statistics > Type-Elevation range-wise Distribution
Type: table
Table: Table 29: Type-wise vs. Elevation range-wise distribution of GL in Kosi subbasin

| S. No. | Elevation Range (m) | Types of Glacial Lake: M(e) | Types of Glacial Lake: M(l) | Types of Glacial Lake: M(lg) | Types of Glacial Lake: M(o) | Types of Glacial Lake: I(s) | Types of Glacial Lake: I(d) | Types of Glacial Lake: E(c) | Types of Glacial Lake: E(o) | Types of Glacial Lake: O | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | up to 3,000 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2 | 3,001 - 4,000 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 14 | 1 | 21 |
| 3 | 4,001 - 5,000 | 32 | 20 | 0 | 136 | 103 | 0 | 56 | 484 | 25 | 856 |
| 4 | > 5,000 | 106 | 19 | 0 | 692 | 228 | 0 | 8 | 488 | 19 | 1,560 |
| | **Total** | **138** | **39** | **0** | **829** | **335** | **0** | **65** | **986** | **45** | **2,437** |

S. No.
Elevation Range (m)
Types of Glacial Lake: M(e)
Types of Glacial Lake: M(l)
Types of Glacial Lake: M(lg)
Types of Glacial Lake: M(o)
Types of Glacial Lake: I(s)
Types of Glacial Lake: I(d)
Types of Glacial Lake: E(c)
Types of Glacial Lake: E(o)
Types of Glacial Lake: O
Total


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.1 Ganga Basin Level Statistics > Type-Elevation range-wise Distribution
Type: text

GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF GANGA RIVER BASIN

GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF GANGA RIVER BASIN


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.1 Ganga Basin Level Statistics > 5.2.4 Sarda Subbasin
Type: text

The Sarda subbasin is the fifth largest subbasin of the Ganga River basin covering a total area of 17,326 Km² i.e. 7.01% of the total basin area (Figure 38). Sarda River also known as Mahakali River, originates at Kalapani in the Himalayas at an elevation of 3,600 m amsl in the Pithoragarh district of Uttarakhand. It flows along Nepal’s western border with India. A total of 55 glacial lakes has been mapped, covering a total area of 118.84 ha i.e. 0.01% of the total area of the subbasin.

**GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF GANGA RIVER BASIN**

5. RESULTS
5.1 Ganga Basin Level Statistics
5.2.4 Sarda Subbasin


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.1 Ganga Basin Level Statistics > Area range-wise Distribution
Type: text

In Sarda subbasin, glacial lakes have been distributed in 5 classes of area ranges except ≥ 50 ha range. Table 30 and Figure 39 shows the area range-wise distribution of glacial lakes for the Sarda subbasin. About 48 (87.28%) lakes are with < 5 ha lake area contributing to 44.97% of total lake area. The remaining lakes with ≥ 5 ha in size are only 7 (12.72%) contributing to 55.03% of total lake area in the subbasin.

5. RESULTS
5.1 Ganga Basin Level Statistics
Area range-wise Distribution


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.1 Ganga Basin Level Statistics > Area range-wise Distribution
Type: table
Table: Table 30: Area range-wise distribution of GL in Sarda subbasin

| S. No. | Lake Area Range (ha) | No. of Lakes | Total Lake Area (ha) | Total Lake Area (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0.25 - 0.5 | 16 | 5.75 | 4.84 |
| 2 | 0.5 - 1 | 13 | 8.54 | 7.19 |
| 3 | 1 - 5 | 19 | 39.15 | 32.94 |
| 4 | 5 - 10 | 4 | 26.38 | 22.20 |
| 5 | 10 - 50 | 3 | 39.02 | 32.83 |
| 6 | ≥ 50 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| | **Total** | **55** | **118.84** | **100.00** |


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.1 Ganga Basin Level Statistics > Area range-wise Distribution
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**GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF GANGA RIVER BASIN**


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.1 Ganga Basin Level Statistics > Type-wise Distribution
Type: text

Distribution of different types of glacial lake in the Sarda subbasin is given in Table 31 and Figure 40. Out of 9 types of glacial lake, 7 types of lake are present in the Sarda subbasin, where Other Moraine Dammed lake is found to be the maximum with 21 (38.18%) occupying a total lake extent of 24.24 ha at 20.40% in the subbasin. After that, Other Glacial Erosion and Supra-glacial lakes are in majority with 13 (23.64%) and 6 (10.91%), extend over a total lake area of 14.03 ha (11.81%) and 3.13 ha (2.63%) respectively.

5. RESULTS
5.1 Ganga Basin Level Statistics
Type-wise Distribution


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.1 Ganga Basin Level Statistics > Type-wise Distribution
Type: table
Table: Table 31: Type-wise distribution of GL in Sarda subbasin

| S. No. | Code | Types of Glacial Lake | No. of Lakes | Total Lake Area (ha) | Total Lake Area (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | M(e) | End-moraine Dammed Lake | 5 | 42.42 | 35.69 |
| 2 | M(l) | Lateral Moraine Dammed Lake | 5 | 14.37 | 12.09 |
| 3 | M(lg) | Lateral Moraine Dammed Lake with Ice | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 4 | M(o) | Other Moraine Dammed Lake | 21 | 24.24 | 20.40 |
| 5 | I(s) | Supra-glacial Lake | 6 | 3.13 | 2.63 |
| 6 | I(d) | Glacier Ice-dammed Lake | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 7 | E(c) | Cirque Erosion Lake | 4 | 20.38 | 17.15 |
| 8 | E(o) | Other Glacial Erosion Lake | 13 | 14.03 | 11.81 |
| 9 | O | Other Glacial Lake | 1 | 0.27 | 0.23 |
| | | **Total** | **55** | **118.84** | **100.00** |


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.1 Ganga Basin Level Statistics > Type-wise Distribution
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GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF GANGA RIVER BASIN


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.1 Ganga Basin Level Statistics > Area range-Type-wise Distribution
Type: text

Glacial lake distribution by area range vs. type-wise is given in Table 32 and Figure 41. The lakes with < 5 ha in size (87.28%) are dominant with Other Moraine Dammed (41.67%) and Other Glacial Erosion lakes (27.08%). Lakes with ≥ 5 ha (12.72%) are dominated by End-moraine Dammed type (42.86%). All types of Moraine-dammed lakes, which constitute about 56.36% are predominantly with < 5 ha in water spread.

5. RESULTS
5.1 Ganga Basin Level Statistics
Area range-Type-wise Distribution


Document: MESSAGE
Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.1 Ganga Basin Level Statistics > Area range-Type-wise Distribution
Type: table
Table: Table 32: Area range-wise vs. Type-wise distribution of GL in Sarda subbasin

| S. No. | Lake Area Range (ha) | M(e) | M(l) | M(lg) | M(o) | I(s) | I(d) | E(c) | E(o) | O | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0.25 - 0.5 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 6 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 16 |
| 2 | 0.5 - 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 13 |
| 3 | 1 - 5 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 6 | 0 | 19 |
| 4 | 5 - 10 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| 5 | 10 - 50 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| 6 | ≥ 50 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| | **Total** | **5** | **5** | **0** | **21** | **6** | **0** | **4** | **13** | **1** | **55** |


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.1 Ganga Basin Level Statistics > Area range-Type-wise Distribution
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GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF GANGA RIVER BASIN


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.1 Ganga Basin Level Statistics > Elevation range-wise Distribution
Type: text

Elevation range-wise distribution of the glacial lakes in the Sarda subbasin has been shown in Table 33 and Figure 42. Majority of glacial lakes are situated above 4,000 m elevation range i.e. 52 (94.55%) with total lake area of 117.92 ha (99.22%) and remaining 5.45% glacial lakes are below 4,001 m elevation.

5. RESULTS
5.1 Ganga Basin Level Statistics
Elevation range-wise Distribution


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.1 Ganga Basin Level Statistics > Elevation range-wise Distribution
Type: table
Table: Table 33: Elevation range-wise distribution of GL in Sarda subbasin

| S. No. | Elevation Range (m) | No. of Lakes | Total Lake Area (ha) | Total Lake Area (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | up to 3,000 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 2 | 3,001 - 4,000 | 3 | 0.92 | 0.78 |
| 3 | 4,001 - 5,000 | 36 | 95.29 | 80.18 |
| 4 | > 5,000 | 16 | 22.63 | 19.04 |
| | **Total** | **55** | **118.84** | **100.00** |


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.1 Ganga Basin Level Statistics > Elevation range-wise Distribution
Type: text

GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF GANGA RIVER BASIN

**Area-Elevation range-wise Distribution**

Glacial lake distribution has been analyzed as per area range vs. elevation range-wise, given in Table 34 and Figure 43. It is noted that, 65.46% of glacial lakes (36) are situated in high altitude range i.e. 4,001 - 5,000 m amsl, which constitutes major share of total lake area within that range i.e. 80.18%. However, only 3 glacial lakes lies below 4,001 m, has all of its lakes 0.25 - 0. 5 ha in size and in medium altitude range only. 93.75% of lakes lying in very high altitude range are < 5 ha, predominantly of size ranges 0.25 - 0. 5 ha and 1 - 5 ha (i.e. 6 each), followed by lakes of size 0.5 - 1 ha (i.e. 3). It has been further noticed that, 85.71% of lakes ≥ 5 ha are lying within in high altitude range i.e. 4,001 - 5,000 m, equally in lake size ranges of 5 - 10 ha and 10 - 50 ha.


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.1 Ganga Basin Level Statistics > Elevation range-wise Distribution
Type: table
Table: Table 34: Area range-wise vs. Elevation range-wise distribution of GL in Sarda subbasin

| S. No. | Lake Area Range (ha) | Elevation Range (m): up to 3,000 (No. of lakes) | Elevation Range (m): up to 3,000 (Total Lake Area (ha)) | Elevation Range (m): 3,001 - 4,000 (No. of lakes) | Elevation Range (m): 3,001 - 4,000 (Total Lake Area (ha)) | Elevation Range (m): 4,001 - 5,000 (No. of lakes) | Elevation Range (m): 4,001 - 5,000 (Total Lake Area (ha)) | Elevation Range (m): > 5,000 (No. of lakes) | Elevation Range (m): > 5,000 (Total Lake Area (ha)) | Total: No. of lakes | Total: Lake Area (ha) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0.25 - 0.5 | 0 | 0.00 | 3 | 0.93 | 7 | 2.55 | 6 | 2.27 | 16 | 5.75 |
| 2 | 0.5 - 1 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 10 | 6.71 | 3 | 1.83 | 13 | 8.54 |
| 3 | 1 - 5 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 13 | 25.90 | 6 | 13.25 | 19 | 39.15 |
| 4 | 5 - 10 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 3 | 21.10 | 1 | 5.28 | 4 | 26.38 |
| 5 | 10 - 50 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 3 | 39.02 | 0 | 0.00 | 3 | 39.02 |
| 6 | ≥ 50 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 |
| | **Total** | **0** | **0.00** | **3** | **0.93** | **36** | **95.28** | **16** | **22.63** | **55** | **118.84** |


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.1 Ganga Basin Level Statistics > Elevation range-wise Distribution
Type: text

GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF GANGA RIVER BASIN

**Type-Elevation range-wise Distribution**

Glacial lake distribution has also been analyzed as per type-wise vs. elevation range-wise, given in Table 35 and Figure 44. The dominant lake type in the subbasin i.e. Other Moraine Dammed lake (38.18%) is predominantly located in the elevation range of 4,001 - 5,000 m (61.90%). The other dominant lake type, namely, Other Glacial Erosion and Supra-glacial lakes are distributed predominantly in very high and high altitude elevation range, i.e. 53.85% and 100% respectively. Majority (93.55%) of all types of Moraine-dammed lakes lies above 4,000 m elevation. Elevation range-type-wise spatial distribution of glacial lakes has been represented in Figure 45.


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.1 Ganga Basin Level Statistics > Elevation range-wise Distribution
Type: table
Table: Table 35: Type-wise vs. Elevation range-wise distribution of GL in Sarda subbasin

| S. No. | Elevation Range (m) | Types of Glacial Lake: M(e) | Types of Glacial Lake: M(l) | Types of Glacial Lake: M(lg) | Types of Glacial Lake: M(o) | Types of Glacial Lake: I(s) | Types of Glacial Lake: I(d) | Types of Glacial Lake: E(c) | Types of Glacial Lake: E(o) | Types of Glacial Lake: O | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | up to 3,000 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2 | 3,001 - 4,000 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 |
| 3 | 4,001 - 5,000 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 13 | 6 | 0 | 1 | 6 | 0 | 36 |
| 4 | > 5,000 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 7 | 0 | 16 |
| | **Total** | **5** | **5** | **0** | **21** | **6** | **0** | **4** | **13** | **1** | **55** |


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.1 Ganga Basin Level Statistics > Elevation range-wise Distribution
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GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF GANGA RIVER BASIN

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GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF GANGA RIVER BASIN


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.1 Ganga Basin Level Statistics > 5.2.5 Upper Ganga Subbasin
Type: text

The Upper Ganga subbasin is the fourth largest subbasin of the Ganga River basin covering a total area of 25,675 Km² i.e. 10.39% of the total basin area (Figure 46). Upper Ganga subbasin has two major tributaries viz., Bhagirathi and Alaknanda, which originates from Gangotri and Satopanth (north of the temple town of Badrinath) group of glaciers in upper regions of Uttarakhand. As these two rivers joins at Devprayag in Uttarakhand, river assumes the name ‘Ganga’. Alaknanda on the other hand has several major tributaries viz., Dhauli Ganga (originates from Kamet group of glaciers, confluence at Vishnuprayag), Nandakini (confluence at Nandprayag), Pindar (confluence at Karnaprayag), and Mandakini (originates from Chorabari group of glaciers near Kedarnath, confluence at Rudraprayag). A total of 295 lakes were mapped, covering a total area of 447.26 ha i.e. 0.01% of the total area of the subbasin.

GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF GANGA RIVER BASIN

**Area range-wise Distribution**

In Upper Ganga subbasin, glacial lakes have been distributed in 5 area ranges except ≥ 50 ha range. Table 36 and Figure 47 shows the area range-wise distribution of glacial lakes for the Upper Ganga subbasin. About 274 (92.88%) lakes are with < 5 ha lake area contributing to 56.59% of total lake area. The remaining lakes with ≥ 5 ha in size are only 21 (7.12%) contributing to 43.41% of total lake area in the subbasin.

5. RESULTS
5.1 Ganga Basin Level Statistics
5.2.5 Upper Ganga Subbasin


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.1 Ganga Basin Level Statistics > 5.2.5 Upper Ganga Subbasin
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Table: Table 36: Area range-wise distribution of GL in Upper Ganga subbasin

| S. No. | Lake Area Range (ha) | No. of Lakes | Total Lake Area (ha) | Total Lake Area (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0.25 - 0.5 | 120 | 41.02 | 9.17 |
| 2 | 0.5 - 1 | 84 | 59.14 | 13.22 |
| 3 | 1 - 5 | 70 | 152.95 | 34.20 |
| 4 | 5 - 10 | 16 | 107.08 | 23.94 |
| 5 | 10 - 50 | 5 | 87.07 | 19.47 |
| 6 | ≥ 50 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| | **Total** | **295** | **447.26** | **100.00** |

S. No.
Lake Area Range (ha)
No. of Lakes
Total Lake Area (ha)
Total Lake Area (%)


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GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF GANGA RIVER BASIN

**Type-wise Distribution**

Distribution of different types of glacial lake in the Upper Ganga subbasin is given in Table 37 and Figure 48. Out of 9 types of glacial lake, only 7 types of lake are present in the Upper Ganga subbasin, where Supra-glacial lake is found to be the maximum with 98 (33.22%) occupying a total lake area extent of 75.34 ha at 16.84% in the subbasin. Two other types of lake, namely, Other Moraine Dammed and Other Glacial Erosion lakes are 87 (29.49%) and 53 (17.97%) and extend over lake area of 105.41 ha (23.57%) and 66.82 ha (14.95%) respectively.


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.1 Ganga Basin Level Statistics > 5.2.5 Upper Ganga Subbasin
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Table: Table 37: Type-wise distribution of GL in Upper Ganga subbasin

| S. No. | Code | Types of Glacial Lake | No. of Lakes | Total Lake Area (ha) | Total Lake Area (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | M(e) | End-moraine Dammed Lake | 18 | 103.53 | 23.15 |
| 2 | M(l) | Lateral Moraine Dammed Lake | 11 | 20.42 | 4.56 |
| 3 | M(lg) | Lateral Moraine Dammed Lake with Ice | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 4 | M(o) | Other Moraine Dammed Lake | 87 | 105.41 | 23.57 |
| 5 | I(s) | Supra-glacial Lake | 98 | 75.34 | 16.84 |
| 6 | I(d) | Glacier Ice-dammed Lake | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 7 | E(c) | Cirque Erosion Lake | 20 | 66.39 | 14.84 |
| 8 | E(o) | Other Glacial Erosion Lake | 53 | 66.82 | 14.95 |
| 9 | O | Other Glacial Lake | 8 | 9.35 | 2.09 |
| | | **Total** | **295** | **447.26** | **100.00** |

S. No.
Code
Types of Glacial Lake
No. of Lakes
Total Lake Area (ha)
Total Lake Area (%)


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.1 Ganga Basin Level Statistics > 5.2.5 Upper Ganga Subbasin
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GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF GANGA RIVER BASIN


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.1 Ganga Basin Level Statistics > Area range-Type-wise Distribution
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Glacial lake distribution by area range vs. type-wise is given in Table 38 and Figure 49. The lakes with < 5 ha in size (92.88%) are dominant with Supra-glacial (34.67%) and Other Moraine Dammed type (29.93%). Lakes with ≥ 5 ha (7.12%) are equally dominated by Cirque Erosion and Other Moraine Dammed type, predominantly in the lake size range of 5 - 10 ha. All types of Moraine-dammed lakes, which constitutes about 39.32% are predominantly with < 5 ha in water spread.


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.1 Ganga Basin Level Statistics > Area range-Type-wise Distribution
Type: table
Table: Table 38: Area range-wise vs. Type-wise distribution of GL in Upper Ganga subbasin

| S. No. | Lake Area Range (ha) | M(e) | M(l) | M(lg) | M(o) | I(s) | I(d) | E(c) | E(o) | O | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0.25 - 0.5 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 31 | 66 | 0 | 1 | 17 | 3 | 120 |
| 2 | 0.5 - 1 | 1 | 5 | 0 | 31 | 24 | 0 | 5 | 16 | 2 | 84 |
| 3 | 1 - 5 | 12 | 4 | 0 | 20 | 5 | 0 | 9 | 17 | 3 | 70 |
| 4 | 5 - 10 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 3 | 0 | 16 |
| 5 | 10 - 50 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
| 6 | ≥ 50 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| | **Total** | **18** | **11** | **0** | **87** | **98** | **0** | **20** | **53** | **8** | **295** |

S. No.
Lake Area Range (ha)
M(e)
M(l)
M(lg)
M(o)
I(s)
I(d)
E(c)
E(o)
O
Total


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.1 Ganga Basin Level Statistics > Area range-Type-wise Distribution
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Figure: Figure 49: Area range-wise vs. Type-wise distribution of GL in Upper Ganga subbasin

Figure 49: Area range-wise vs. Type-wise distribution of GL in Upper Ganga subbasin


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GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF GANGA RIVER BASIN


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.1 Ganga Basin Level Statistics > Elevation range-wise Distribution
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Elevation range-wise distribution of the glacial lakes in the Upper Ganga subbasin has been shown in Table 39 and Figure 50. Majority of glacial lakes are situated above 4,000 m elevation range i.e. 291 (98.64%) with total lake area of 444.58 ha (99.40%) and remaining 1.36% glacial lakes are below 4,001 m elevation.


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.1 Ganga Basin Level Statistics > Elevation range-wise Distribution
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Table: Table 39: Elevation range-wise distribution of GL in Upper Ganga subbasin

| S. No. | Elevation Range (m) | No. of Lakes | Total Lake Area (ha) | Total Lake Area (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | up to 3,000 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 2 | 3,001 - 4,000 | 4 | 2.68 | 0.60 |
| 3 | 4,001 - 5,000 | 148 | 263.09 | 58.82 |
| 4 | > 5,000 | 143 | 181.49 | 40.58 |
| | **Total** | **295** | **447.26** | **100.00** |

S. No.
Elevation Range (m)
No. of Lakes
Total Lake Area (ha)
Total Lake Area (%)


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.1 Ganga Basin Level Statistics > Elevation range-wise Distribution
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Figure: Figure 50: Elevation range-wise distribution of GL in Upper Ganga subbasin

Figure 50: Elevation range-wise distribution of GL in Upper Ganga subbasin


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.1 Ganga Basin Level Statistics > Elevation range-wise Distribution
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GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF GANGA RIVER BASIN

**Area-Elevation range-wise Distribution**

Glacial lake distribution has been analyzed as per area range vs. elevation range-wise, given in Table 40 and Figure 51. It is noted that, 50.17% of glacial lakes (148) are situated in high altitude range i.e. 4,001 - 5,000 m amsl, which also constitutes maximum total lake area within that range i.e. 58.82%. However, 143 glacial lakes lies above 5,000 m, has majority of its lakes are < 5 ha i.e. 97.20%. Maximum lakes lying in high altitude range is of size ranging 0.25 - 0.5 ha (i.e. 65), followed by lakes of size 0.5 - 1 ha (i.e. 40). It has been further noticed that, 11.48% of lakes ≥ 5 ha are lying within in high altitude range i.e. 4,001 - 5,000 m, majority of them falling in size ranging of 5 - 10 ha.


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.1 Ganga Basin Level Statistics > Elevation range-wise Distribution
Type: table
Table: Table 40: Area range-wise vs. Elevation range-wise distribution of GL in Upper Ganga subbasin

| S. No. | Lake Area Range (ha) | up to 3,000: No. of lakes | up to 3,000: Total Lake Area (ha) | 3,001 - 4,000: No. of lakes | 3,001 - 4,000: Total Lake Area (ha) | 4,001 - 5,000: No. of lakes | 4,001 - 5,000: Total Lake Area (ha) | > 5,000: No. of lakes | > 5,000: Total Lake Area (ha) | Total: No. of lakes | Total: Lake Area (ha) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0.25 - 0.5 | 0 | 0.00 | 2 | 0.83 | 65 | 22.49 | 53 | 17.69 | 120 | 41.02 |
| 2 | 0.5 - 1 | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 0.74 | 40 | 27.88 | 43 | 30.52 | 84 | 59.14 |
| 3 | 1 - 5 | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 1.11 | 26 | 54.19 | 43 | 97.65 | 70 | 152.95 |
| 4 | 5 - 10 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 13 | 88.47 | 3 | 18.60 | 16 | 107.08 |
| 5 | 10 - 50 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 4 | 70.06 | 1 | 17.02 | 5 | 87.07 |
| 6 | ≥ 50 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 |
| | **Total** | **0** | **0.00** | **4** | **2.68** | **148** | **263.09** | **143** | **181.49** | **295** | **447.26** |

S. No.
Lake Area Range (ha)
up to 3,000: No. of lakes
up to 3,000: Total Lake Area (ha)
3,001 - 4,000: No. of lakes
3,001 - 4,000: Total Lake Area (ha)
4,001 - 5,000: No. of lakes
4,001 - 5,000: Total Lake Area (ha)
> 5,000: No. of lakes
> 5,000: Total Lake Area (ha)
Total: No. of lakes
Total: Lake Area (ha)


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.1 Ganga Basin Level Statistics > Elevation range-wise Distribution
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Figure: Figure 51: Area range-wise vs. Elevation range-wise distribution of GL in Upper Ganga subbasin

**Figure 51: Area range-wise vs. Elevation range-wise distribution of GL in Upper Ganga subbasin**


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.1 Ganga Basin Level Statistics > Elevation range-wise Distribution
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***

GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF GANGA RIVER BASIN

**Type-Elevation range-wise Distribution**

Glacial lake distribution has also been analyzed as per type-wise vs. elevation range-wise, given in Table 41 and Figure 52. The dominant lake types in the subbasin i.e. Supra-glacial lake (33.22%) is predominantly located in the elevation range of 4,001 - 5,000 m (81.63%). The other dominant lake type, namely, Other Moraine Dammed and Other Glacial Erosion lakes are distributed predominantly in > 5,000 m and 4,001 - 5,000 m elevation range i.e. 81.61% and 56.60% respectively. All types of Moraine-dammed lakes, lie above 4,000 m elevation. Elevation range-type-wise spatial distribution of glacial lakes has been represented in Figure 53.


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.1 Ganga Basin Level Statistics > Elevation range-wise Distribution
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Table: Table 41: Type-wise vs. Elevation range-wise distribution of GL in Upper Ganga subbasin

| S. No. | Elevation Range (m) | Types of Glacial Lake: M(e) | Types of Glacial Lake: M(l) | Types of Glacial Lake: M(lg) | Types of Glacial Lake: M(o) | Types of Glacial Lake: I(s) | Types of Glacial Lake: I(d) | Types of Glacial Lake: E(c) | Types of Glacial Lake: E(o) | Types of Glacial Lake: O | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | up to 3,000 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2 | 3,001 - 4,000 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 4 |
| 3 | 4,001 - 5,000 | 3 | 7 | 0 | 16 | 80 | 0 | 11 | 30 | 1 | 148 |
| 4 | > 5,000 | 15 | 4 | 0 | 71 | 18 | 0 | 9 | 22 | 4 | 143 |
| | **Total** | **18** | **11** | **0** | **87** | **98** | **0** | **20** | **53** | **8** | **295** |


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.1 Ganga Basin Level Statistics > Elevation range-wise Distribution
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Figure: Figure 52: Type-wise vs. Elevation range-wise distribution of GL in Upper Ganga subbasin

**Figure 52: Type-wise vs. Elevation range-wise distribution of GL in Upper Ganga subbasin**


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.1 Ganga Basin Level Statistics > Elevation range-wise Distribution
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**GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF GANGA RIVER BASIN**

***

**GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF GANGA RIVER BASIN**


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.1 Ganga Basin Level Statistics > 5.2.6 Yamuna Subbasin
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The Yamuna subbasin is the sixth largest subbasin of the Ganga River basin covering a total area of 11,701 Km² i.e. 4.73% of the total basin area (Figure 54). It is the largest tributary of Ganga River and drains the western most part of Ganga River basin. Tons and Giri rivers are the major tributaries of Yamuna River. The Tons River rises in the higher elevation beyond the valley of Har-ki-dun in Uttarakhand, and has Pabbar River as one of its tributary. The Giri River originates in Himachal Pradesh and drains the south-eastern corner of the state. A total of 36 glacial lakes has been mapped, covering a total area of 65.45 ha i.e. 0.01% of the total area of the subbasin.

GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF GANGA RIVER BASIN

5. RESULTS
5.1 Ganga Basin Level Statistics
5.2.6 Yamuna Subbasin


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.1 Ganga Basin Level Statistics > Area range-wise Distribution
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In Yamuna subbasin, glacial lakes have been distributed in 5 classes of area ranges except ≥ 50 ha area range. Table 42 and Figure 55 shows the area range-wise distribution of glacial lakes for the Yamuna subbasin. About 33 (91.67%) lakes are with < 5 ha lake area contributing to 48.00% of total lake area. The remaining lakes with ≥ 5 ha in size are only 3 (8.33%) contributing to 52.00% of total lake area in the subbasin.


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.1 Ganga Basin Level Statistics > Area range-wise Distribution
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Table: Table 42: Area range-wise distribution of GL in Yamuna subbasin

| S. No. | Lake Area Range (ha) | No. of Lakes | Total Lake Area (ha) | Total Lake Area (%) |
| :---: | :--- | :---: | :---: | :---: |
| 1 | 0.25 - 0.5 | 14 | 4.74 | 7.24 |
| 2 | 0.5 - 1 | 11 | 8.28 | 12.65 |
| 3 | 1 - 5 | 8 | 18.40 | 28.11 |
| 4 | 5 - 10 | 1 | 8.26 | 12.63 |
| 5 | 10 - 50 | 2 | 25.77 | 39.37 |
| 6 | ≥ 50 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| | **Total** | **36** | **65.45** | **100.00** |


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GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF GANGA RIVER BASIN


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.1 Ganga Basin Level Statistics > Type-wise Distribution
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Distribution of different types of glacial lake in the Yamuna subbasin is given in Table 43 and Figure 56. Out of 9 types of glacial lake, only 6 types of lake are present in the Yamuna subbasin, where Other Glacial Erosion lake is found to be the maximum with 18 (50.00%) occupying a total lake extent of 30.47 ha at 46.55% in the subbasin. After that, Other Moraine Dammed lakes are in majority with 6 (16.67%) and extend over a total area of 3.63 ha 5.54%. in the subbasin.


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.1 Ganga Basin Level Statistics > Type-wise Distribution
Type: table
Table: Table 43: Type-wise distribution of GL in Yamuna subbasin

| S. No. | Code | Types of Glacial Lake | No. of Lakes | Total Lake Area (ha) | Total Lake Area (%) |
| :---: | :---: | :--- | :---: | :---: | :---: |
| 1 | M(e) | End-moraine Dammed Lake | 1 | 1.26 | 1.93 |
| 2 | M(l) | Lateral Moraine Dammed Lake | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 3 | M(lg) | Lateral Moraine Dammed Lake with Ice | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 4 | M(o) | Other Moraine Dammed Lake | 6 | 3.63 | 5.54 |
| 5 | I(s) | Supra-glacial Lake | 4 | 1.32 | 2.02 |
| 6 | I(d) | Glacier Ice-dammed Lake | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 7 | E(c) | Cirque Erosion Lake | 3 | 26.74 | 40.85 |
| 8 | E(o) | Other Glacial Erosion Lake | 18 | 30.47 | 46.55 |
| 9 | O | Other Glacial Lake | 4 | 2.04 | 3.11 |
| | | **Total** | **36** | **65.45** | **100.00** |


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**Area range-Type-wise Distribution**

Glacial lake distribution by area range vs. type-wise is given in Table 44 and Figure 57. The lakes with < 5 ha in size (91.67%) are dominant with Other Glacial Erosion (51.52%) and Other Moraine Dammed lakes (18.18%). Lakes with ≥ 5 ha (8.33%) are also dominated by Cirque Erosion type (66.67%). All types of Glacier Erosion lakes, which constitute about 58.33% are predominantly with < 5 ha in water spread.


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.1 Ganga Basin Level Statistics > Type-wise Distribution
Type: table
Table: Table 44: Area range-wise vs. Type-wise distribution of GL in Yamuna subbasin

| S. No. | Lake Area Range (ha) | M(e) | M(l) | M(lg) | M(o) | I(s) | I(d) | E(c) | E(o) | O | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0.25 - 0.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 2 | 14 |
| 2 | 0.5 - 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 2 | 11 |
| 3 | 1 - 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 6 | 0 | 8 |
| 4 | 5 - 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 5 | 10 - 50 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| 6 | ≥ 50 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| **Total** | | **1** | **0** | **0** | **6** | **4** | **0** | **3** | **18** | **4** | **36** |


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**Elevation range-wise Distribution**

Elevation range-wise distribution of the glacial lakes in the Yamuna subbasin has been shown in Table 45 and Figure 58. Majority of glacial lakes are situated above 4,000 m elevation range i.e. 32 (88.89%) with total lake area of 63.41 ha (96.89%) and remaining 11.11% glacial lakes are below 4,001 m elevation.


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.1 Ganga Basin Level Statistics > Type-wise Distribution
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Table: Table 45: Elevation range-wise distribution of GL in Yamuna subbasin

| S. No. | Elevation Range (m) | No. of Lakes | Total Lake Area (ha) | Total Lake Area (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | up to 3,000 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 2 | 3,001 - 4,000 | 4 | 2.04 | 3.11 |
| 3 | 4,001 - 5,000 | 32 | 63.41 | 96.89 |
| 4 | > 5,000 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| **Total** | | **36** | **65.45** | **100.00** |


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GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF GANGA RIVER BASIN


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.1 Ganga Basin Level Statistics > Area-Elevation range-wise Distribution
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Glacial lake distribution has been analyzed as per area range vs. elevation range-wise, given in Table 46 and Figure 59. It is noted that, 88.89% of glacial lakes (32) are situated in high altitude range i.e. 4,001 - 5,000 m amsl, which constitutes maximum share of total lake area within that range i.e. 96.89%. It has been further noticed that, 9.38% of lakes ≥ 5 ha are lying within high altitude range i.e. 4,001 - 5,000 m, majority of them falling in size range of 10 - 50 ha. However, no glacial lakes lie up to 3,000 m and above 5,000 m elevation range. All lakes lying in medium altitude range are < 5 ha, distributed equally in size ranges 0.25 - 0.5 ha and 0.5 - 1 ha (i.e. 2 each).


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.1 Ganga Basin Level Statistics > Area-Elevation range-wise Distribution
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Table: Table 46: Area range-wise vs. Elevation range-wise distribution of GL in Yamuna subbasin

| S. No. | Lake Area Range (ha) | up to 3,000 m - No. of lakes | up to 3,000 m - Total Lake Area (ha) | 3,001 - 4,000 m - No. of lakes | 3,001 - 4,000 m - Total Lake Area (ha) | 4,001 - 5,000 m - No. of lakes | 4,001 - 5,000 m - Total Lake Area (ha) | > 5,000 m - No. of lakes | > 5,000 m - Total Lake Area (ha) | Total - No. of lakes | Total - Lake Area (ha) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0.25 - 0.5 | 0 | 0.00 | 2 | 0.64 | 12 | 4.10 | 0 | 0.00 | 14 | 4.74 |
| 2 | 0.5 - 1 | 0 | 0.00 | 2 | 1.40 | 9 | 6.88 | 0 | 0.00 | 11 | 8.28 |
| 3 | 1 - 5 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 8 | 18.40 | 0 | 0.00 | 8 | 18.40 |
| 4 | 5 - 10 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 8.26 | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 8.26 |
| 5 | 10 - 50 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 2 | 25.77 | 0 | 0.00 | 2 | 25.77 |
| 6 | ≥ 50 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 |
| Total | | 0 | 0.00 | 4 | 2.04 | 32 | 63.41 | 0 | 0.00 | 36 | 65.45 |

S. No.
Lake Area Range (ha)
up to 3,000 m - No. of lakes
up to 3,000 m - Total Lake Area (ha)
3,001 - 4,000 m - No. of lakes
3,001 - 4,000 m - Total Lake Area (ha)
4,001 - 5,000 m - No. of lakes
4,001 - 5,000 m - Total Lake Area (ha)
> 5,000 m - No. of lakes
> 5,000 m - Total Lake Area (ha)
Total - No. of lakes
Total - Lake Area (ha)


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.1 Ganga Basin Level Statistics > Area-Elevation range-wise Distribution
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Figure: Figure 59: Area range-wise vs. Elevation range-wise distribution of GL in Yamuna subbasin

**Figure 59: Area range-wise vs. Elevation range-wise distribution of GL in Yamuna subbasin**


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.1 Ganga Basin Level Statistics > Area-Elevation range-wise Distribution
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GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF GANGA RIVER BASIN


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.1 Ganga Basin Level Statistics > Type-Elevation range-wise Distribution
Type: text

Glacial lake distribution has also been analyzed as per type-wise vs. elevation range-wise, given in Table 47 and Figure 60. The dominant lake type in the subbasin i.e. Other Glacial Erosion lake (50.00%) is predominantly located in the elevation range of 4,001 - 5,000 m. The other dominant lake type, namely, Other Moraine Dammed and Supra-glacial lakes are distributed in high altitude range (4,001 - 5,000 m), i.e. 18.75% and 12.50% respectively. Elevation range-type-wise spatial distribution of glacial lakes has been represented in Figure 61.


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.1 Ganga Basin Level Statistics > Type-Elevation range-wise Distribution
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Table: Table 47: Type-wise vs. Elevation range-wise distribution of GL in Yamuna subbasin

| S. No. | Elevation Range (m) | Types of Glacial Lake - M(e) | Types of Glacial Lake - M(l) | Types of Glacial Lake - M(lg) | Types of Glacial Lake - M(o) | Types of Glacial Lake - I(s) | Types of Glacial Lake - I(d) | Types of Glacial Lake - E(c) | Types of Glacial Lake - E(o) | Types of Glacial Lake - O | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | up to 3,000 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2 | 3,001 - 4,000 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 4 |
| 3 | 4,001 - 5,000 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 4 | 0 | 3 | 18 | 0 | 32 |
| 4 | > 5,000 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Total | | 1 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 4 | 0 | 3 | 18 | 4 | 36 |

S. No.
Elevation Range (m)
Types of Glacial Lake - M(e)
Types of Glacial Lake - M(l)
Types of Glacial Lake - M(lg)
Types of Glacial Lake - M(o)
Types of Glacial Lake - I(s)
Types of Glacial Lake - I(d)
Types of Glacial Lake - E(c)
Types of Glacial Lake - E(o)
Types of Glacial Lake - O
Total


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.1 Ganga Basin Level Statistics > Type-Elevation range-wise Distribution
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Figure: Figure 60: Type-wise vs. Elevation range-wise distribution of GL in Yamuna subbasin

**Figure 60: Type-wise vs. Elevation range-wise distribution of GL in Yamuna subbasin**


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GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF GANGA RIVER BASIN

***

GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF GANGA RIVER BASIN


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.1 Ganga Basin Level Statistics > 5.3 Inter Comparison of Subbasins
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Glacial lakes in all 6 subbasins of Ganga River basin are compared for number of glacial lakes, total lake area, lake types and their elevation ranges in the following sections.

**Subbasin-wise Distribution**

Table 48 and Figure 62 shows the subbasin-wise distribution of number of glacial lakes and their water spread area for the Ganga River basin. Lakes are predominantly distributed in Kosi (51.77%) followed by Ghaghara subbasin (26.77%), occupying a total lake extent of 14,604.34 ha and 3,536.39 ha at 70.60% and 17.10% respectively in the entire basin. However, minimum glacial lakes are present in Yamuna subbasin (0.76%) followed by Sarda subbasin (1.17%), covering a total lake extent of 0.32% and 0.57% respectively.

5. RESULTS
5.1 Ganga Basin Level Statistics
5.3 Inter Comparison of Subbasins


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.1 Ganga Basin Level Statistics > 5.3 Inter Comparison of Subbasins
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Table: Table 48: Subbasin-wise distribution of GL in Ganga River basin

| S. No. | Subbasin | No. of Lakes | Total Lake Area (ha) | Total Lake Area (%) |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| 1 | Gandak | 624 | 1,912.84 | 9.25 |
| 2 | Ghaghara | 1,260 | 3,536.39 | 17.10 |
| 3 | Kosi | 2,437 | 14,604.34 | 70.60 |
| 4 | Sarda | 55 | 118.84 | 0.57 |
| 5 | Upper Ganga | 295 | 447.26 | 2.16 |
| 6 | Yamuna | 36 | 65.45 | 0.32 |
| | **Total** | **4,707** | **20,685.12** | **100.00** |

S. No.
Subbasin
No. of Lakes
Total Lake Area (ha)
Total Lake Area (%)

Gandak
Ghaghara
Kosi
Sarda
Upper Ganga
Yamuna


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GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF GANGA RIVER BASIN


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.1 Ganga Basin Level Statistics > Subbasin-Area range-wise Distribution
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Glacial lakes have been distributed in all subbasins for all 6 classes of area ranges. Table 49 and Figure 63 shows subbasin-area range-wise distribution of glacial lakes for the Ganga River basin. All subbasins contain glacial lakes in all area ranges except Sarda, Upper Ganga, and Yamuna subbasins, where lakes are not present in the area range of ≥ 50 ha. Kosi is the subbasin which has majority of lakes ≥ 50 ha i.e. 93.10%.

5. RESULTS
5.1 Ganga Basin Level Statistics
Subbasin-Area range-wise Distribution


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.1 Ganga Basin Level Statistics > Subbasin-Area range-wise Distribution
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Table: Table 49: Subbasin-wise vs. Area range-wise distribution of GL in Ganga River basin

| S. No. | Subbasin | Lake Area Range (ha): 0.25 - 0.5 No. of Lakes | Lake Area Range (ha): 0.25 - 0.5 Total Lake Area (ha) | Lake Area Range (ha): 0.5 - 1 No. of Lakes | Lake Area Range (ha): 0.5 - 1 Total Lake Area (ha) | Lake Area Range (ha): 1 - 5 No. of Lakes | Lake Area Range (ha): 1 - 5 Total Lake Area (ha) | Lake Area Range (ha): 5 - 10 No. of Lakes | Lake Area Range (ha): 5 - 10 Total Lake Area (ha) | Lake Area Range (ha): 10 - 50 No. of Lakes | Lake Area Range (ha): 10 - 50 Total Lake Area (ha) | Lake Area Range (ha): ≥ 50 No. of Lakes | Lake Area Range (ha): ≥ 50 Total Lake Area (ha) |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| 1 | Gandak | 189 | 66.76 | 157 | 109.47 | 205 | 435.25 | 36 | 242.86 | 35 | 628.84 | 2 | 429.65 |
| 2 | Ghaghara | 334 | 118.99 | 321 | 232.49 | 435 | 945.22 | 84 | 594.54 | 84 | 1,507.18 | 2 | 137.97 |
| 3 | Kosi | 606 | 215.04 | 571 | 406.11 | 862 | 1,917.98 | 174 | 1,205.76 | 170 | 3,650.33 | 54 | 7,209.12 |
| 4 | Sarda | 16 | 5.75 | 13 | 8.54 | 19 | 39.15 | 4 | 26.38 | 3 | 39.02 | 0 | 0.00 |
| 5 | Upper Ganga | 120 | 41.01 | 84 | 59.14 | 70 | 152.95 | 16 | 107.08 | 5 | 87.07 | 0 | 0.00 |
| 6 | Yamuna | 14 | 4.74 | 11 | 8.28 | 8 | 18.40 | 1 | 8.26 | 2 | 25.77 | 0 | 0.00 |
| | **Total** | **1,279** | **452.29** | **1,157** | **824.03** | **1,599** | **3,508.95** | **315** | **2,184.88** | **299** | **5,938.21** | **58** | **7,776.74** |


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.1 Ganga Basin Level Statistics > Subbasin-Area range-wise Distribution
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Figure: Figure 63: Subbasin-wise vs. Area range-wise distribution of GL in Ganga River basin

**Figure 63: Subbasin-wise vs. Area range-wise distribution of GL in Ganga River basin**


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.1 Ganga Basin Level Statistics > Subbasin-Area range-wise Distribution
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GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF GANGA RIVER BASIN


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.1 Ganga Basin Level Statistics > Subbasin-Type-wise Distribution
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Glacial lake distribution by subbasin vs. type-wise is given in Table 50 and Figure 64. It has been observed that, in descending order of total lake count, 4 types of lakes viz., Other Glacial Erosion, Other Moraine Dammed, Supra-glacial, and End-moraine Dammed lakes are distributed in all subbasins. The dominant lake type i.e. Other Glacial Erosion lake is found predominantly in Kosi (56.54%), Ghaghara (31.48%), Gandak (7.17%), and Upper Ganga (3.04%) respectively. Gandak subbasin consists higher number of Lateral Moraine Dammed lakes (with ice) i.e. 66.67%. Lateral Moraine Dammed lakes are present in all subbasins except Yamuna.

5. RESULTS
5.1 Ganga Basin Level Statistics
Subbasin-Type-wise Distribution


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.1 Ganga Basin Level Statistics > Subbasin-Type-wise Distribution
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Table: Table 50: Subbasin-wise vs. Type-wise distribution of GL in Ganga River basin

| S. No. | Subbasin | Types of Glacial Lake: M(e) | Types of Glacial Lake: M(l) | Types of Glacial Lake: M(lg) | Types of Glacial Lake: M(o) | Types of Glacial Lake: I(s) | Types of Glacial Lake: I(d) | Types of Glacial Lake: E(c) | Types of Glacial Lake: E(o) | Types of Glacial Lake: O | Total |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| 1 | Gandak | 37 | 18 | 6 | 312 | 101 | 1 | 4 | 125 | 20 | 624 |
| 2 | Ghaghara | 61 | 27 | 3 | 485 | 73 | 0 | 27 | 549 | 35 | 1,260 |
| 3 | Kosi | 138 | 39 | 0 | 829 | 335 | 0 | 65 | 986 | 45 | 2,437 |
| 4 | Sarda | 5 | 5 | 0 | 21 | 6 | 0 | 4 | 13 | 1 | 55 |
| 5 | Upper Ganga | 18 | 11 | 0 | 87 | 98 | 0 | 20 | 53 | 8 | 295 |
| 6 | Yamuna | 1 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 4 | 0 | 3 | 18 | 4 | 36 |
| | **Total** | **260** | **100** | **9** | **1,740** | **617** | **1** | **123** | **1,744** | **113** | **4,707** |

S. No.
Subbasin
Types of Glacial Lake: M(e)
Types of Glacial Lake: M(l)
Types of Glacial Lake: M(lg)
Types of Glacial Lake: M(o)
Types of Glacial Lake: I(s)
Types of Glacial Lake: I(d)
Types of Glacial Lake: E(c)
Types of Glacial Lake: E(o)
Types of Glacial Lake: O
Total


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.1 Ganga Basin Level Statistics > Subbasin-Type-wise Distribution
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Figure: Figure 64: Subbasin-wise vs. Type-wise distribution of GL in Ganga River basin

**Figure 64: Subbasin-wise vs. Type-wise distribution of GL in Ganga River basin**


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.1 Ganga Basin Level Statistics > Subbasin-Type-wise Distribution
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GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF GANGA RIVER BASIN


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.1 Ganga Basin Level Statistics > Subbasin-Elevation range-wise Distribution
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Glacial lake distribution has been analyzed as per subbasin vs. elevation range-wise, given in Table 51 and Figure 65. Majority of glacial lakes are situated in all subbasins in very high altitude range i.e. > 5,000 m except in Yamuna subbasin. After that, majority of glacial lakes in all subbasins are located in high and medium altitude range i.e. 4,001 - 5,000 m and 3,001 - 4,000 m. Only one lake is located in Gandak subbasin in the elevation range up to 3,000 m.


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.1 Ganga Basin Level Statistics > Subbasin-Elevation range-wise Distribution
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Table: Table 51: Subbasin-wise vs. Elevation range-wise distribution of GL in Ganga River basin

| S. No. | Subbasin | Elevation Range (m) - up to 3,000 - No. of Lakes | Elevation Range (m) - up to 3,000 - Total Lake Area (ha) | Elevation Range (m) - 3,001 - 4,000 - No. of Lakes | Elevation Range (m) - 3,001 - 4,000 - Total Lake Area (ha) | Elevation Range (m) - 4,001 - 5,000 - No. of Lakes | Elevation Range (m) - 4,001 - 5,000 - Total Lake Area (ha) | Elevation Range (m) - > 5,000 - No. of Lakes | Elevation Range (m) - > 5,000 - Total Lake Area (ha) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Gandak | 1 | 9.87 | 22 | 68.27 | 220 | 1,060.56 | 381 | 774.14 |
| 2 | Ghaghara | 0 | 0.00 | 8 | 58.91 | 563 | 1,842.89 | 689 | 1,634.59 |
| 3 | Kosi | 0 | 0.00 | 21 | 90.74 | 856 | 4,049.65 | 1,560 | 10,463.95 |
| 4 | Sarda | 0 | 0.00 | 3 | 0.93 | 36 | 95.29 | 16 | 22.63 |
| 5 | Upper Ganga | 0 | 0.00 | 4 | 2.68 | 148 | 263.09 | 143 | 181.49 |
| 6 | Yamuna | 0 | 0.00 | 4 | 2.04 | 32 | 63.42 | 0 | 0.00 |
| | **Total** | **1** | **9.87** | **62** | **223.57** | **1,855** | **7,374.90** | **2,789** | **13,076.80** |


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GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF GANGA RIVER BASIN


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.1 Ganga Basin Level Statistics > 5.4 India Level Statistics
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Ganga River basin covers part of India and transboundary region, where in India it is covering a total area of 60,260 Km² i.e. 24.38% of the basin area. In India, basin area has been spread in three states viz., Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, and West Bengal. Both states of Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand covers a total of 99.17% of the basin area lies within India and remaining 0.83% in West Bengal which does not contain any glacial lake. Amongst all 11 subbasins, only 4 subbasins viz., Yamuna, Upper Ganga, Ramganga, and Sarda (partly), has their source of origin and located within in the Indian region. Whereas, Ramganga subbasin does not contain any glacial lake. Remaining subbasins located entirely in transboundary region. A total of 369 glacial lakes lies within Indian region, covering a total area of 603.78 ha i.e. 0.01% of the total area of the Ganga River basin.

5. RESULTS
5.1 Ganga Basin Level Statistics
5.4 India Level Statistics


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In Indian region, glacial lakes have been distributed in all 5 classes of area ranges except ≥ 50 ha. Table 52 and Figure 66 shows the area range-wise distribution of glacial lakes for the Indian region. About 339 (91.87%) lakes are with < 5 ha lake area contributing to 52.36% of total lake area. The remaining lakes with ≥ 5 ha in size are only 30 (8.13%) but contributing to 47.64% of total lake area in the region.


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.1 Ganga Basin Level Statistics > Area range-wise Distribution
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Table: Table 52: Area range-wise distribution of GL in India

| S. No. | Lake Area Range (ha) | No. of Lakes | Total Lake Area (ha) | Total Lake Area (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0.25 - 0.5 | 145 | 49.60 | 8.21 |
| 2 | 0.5 - 1 | 104 | 73.42 | 12.16 |
| 3 | 1 - 5 | 90 | 193.14 | 31.99 |
| 4 | 5 - 10 | 20 | 135.76 | 22.49 |
| 5 | 10 - 50 | 10 | 151.86 | 25.15 |
| 6 | ≥ 50 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| | **Total** | **369** | **603.78** | **100.00** |

S. No.
Lake Area Range (ha)
No. of Lakes
Total Lake Area (ha)
Total Lake Area (%)


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GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF GANGA RIVER BASIN

**Elevation range-wise Distribution**

Elevation range-wise distribution of the glacial lakes in the Indian region has been shown in Table 55 and Figure 69. Majority of glacial lakes are situated above 4,000 m elevation range i.e. 358 (97.02%) with total lake area of 598.15 ha (99.07%) and remaining 2.98% glacial lakes are below 4,001 m elevation.


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.1 Ganga Basin Level Statistics > Area range-wise Distribution
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Table: Table 55: Elevation range-wise distribution of GL in India

| S. No. | Elevation Range (m) | No. of Lakes | Total Lake Area (ha) | Total Lake Area (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | up to 3,000 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 2 | 3,001 - 4,000 | 11 | 5.63 | 0.93 |
| 3 | 4,001 - 5,000 | 202 | 398.69 | 66.03 |
| 4 | > 5,000 | 156 | 199.46 | 33.04 |
| | **Total** | **369** | **603.78** | **100.00** |

S. No.
Elevation Range (m)
No. of Lakes
Total Lake Area (ha)
Total Lake Area (%)


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.1 Ganga Basin Level Statistics > Area range-wise Distribution
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Figure: Figure 69: Elevation range-wise distribution of GL in India

Figure 69: Elevation range-wise distribution of GL in India


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***

GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF GANGA RIVER BASIN

**Area-Elevation range-wise Distribution**

Glacial lake distribution has been analyzed as per area range vs. elevation range-wise, given in Table 56 and Figure 70. It is noted that, 54.74% of glacial lakes (202) are situated in high altitude range i.e. 4,001 - 5,000 m, which also constitutes majority of total lake area within that range i.e. 66.03%. However, 11 glacial lakes lies below 4,001 m, has all of its lakes < 5 ha in size. 87.62% of lakes lying in high altitude range are < 5 ha, predominantly of size ranging 0.25 - 0.5 ha (i.e. 80), followed by lakes of size 0.5 - 1 ha (i.e. 55). It has been further noticed that, 12.38% of lakes ≥ 5 ha are lying within in the high altitude range only, majority of them falling in size ranging of 5 - 10 ha.


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.1 Ganga Basin Level Statistics > Area range-wise Distribution
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Table: Table 56: Area range-wise vs. Elevation range-wise distribution of GL in India

| S. No. | Lake Area Range (ha) | Elevation Range (m): up to 3,000 No. of lakes | Elevation Range (m): up to 3,000 Total Lake Area (ha) | Elevation Range (m): 3,001 - 4,000 No. of lakes | Elevation Range (m): 3,001 - 4,000 Total Lake Area (ha) | Elevation Range (m): 4,001 - 5,000 No. of lakes | Elevation Range (m): 4,001 - 5,000 Total Lake Area (ha) | Elevation Range (m): > 5,000 No. of lakes | Elevation Range (m): > 5,000 Total Lake Area (ha) | Total: No. of lakes | Total: Lake Area (ha) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0.25 - 0.5 | 0 | 0.00 | 7 | 2.39 | 80 | 27.59 | 58 | 19.61 | 145 | 49.60 |
| 2 | 0.5 - 1 | 0 | 0.00 | 3 | 2.14 | 55 | 38.83 | 46 | 32.45 | 104 | 73.42 |
| 3 | 1 - 5 | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 1.11 | 42 | 85.54 | 47 | 106.49 | 90 | 193.14 |
| 4 | 5 - 10 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 16 | 111.88 | 4 | 23.89 | 20 | 135.76 |
| 5 | 10 - 50 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 9 | 134.85 | 1 | 17.02 | 10 | 151.86 |
| 6 | ≥ 50 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 |
| | **Total** | **0** | **0.00** | **11** | **5.64** | **202** | **398.69** | **156** | **199.46** | **369** | **603.78** |


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Figure: Figure 70: Area range-wise vs. Elevation range-wise distribution of GL in India

Figure 70: Area range-wise vs. Elevation range-wise distribution of GL in India


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GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF GANGA RIVER BASIN

**Type-Elevation range-wise Distribution**

Glacial lake distribution has also been analyzed as per type-wise vs. elevation range-wise, given in Table 57 and Figure 71. The dominant lake type in the region i.e. Other Moraine Dammed lake (29.81%) is predominantly located in the elevation range of > 5,000 m (69.09%). The other dominant lake type, namely, Supra-glacial and Other Glacial Erosion lakes are distributed predominantly in high altitude range i.e. 4,001 - 5,000 m elevation range, i.e. 83.02% and 63.29%. Majority i.e. 98.62% of all types of Moraine-dammed lakes lies above 4,000 m.


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.1 Ganga Basin Level Statistics > Area range-wise Distribution
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Table: Table 57: Type-wise vs. Elevation range-wise distribution of GL in India

| S. No. | Elevation Range (m) | Types of Glacial Lake: M(e) | Types of Glacial Lake: M(l) | Types of Glacial Lake: M(lg) | Types of Glacial Lake: M(o) | Types of Glacial Lake: I(s) | Types of Glacial Lake: I(d) | Types of Glacial Lake: E(c) | Types of Glacial Lake: E(o) | Types of Glacial Lake: O | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | up to 3,000 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2 | 3,001 - 4,000 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 8 | 11 |
| 3 | 4,001 - 5,000 | 9 | 7 | 0 | 32 | 88 | 0 | 15 | 50 | 1 | 202 |
| 4 | > 5,000 | 15 | 4 | 0 | 76 | 18 | 0 | 11 | 28 | 4 | 156 |
| | **Total** | **24** | **11** | **0** | **110** | **106** | **0** | **26** | **79** | **13** | **369** |

S. No.
Elevation Range (m)
Types of Glacial Lake: M(e)
Types of Glacial Lake: M(l)
Types of Glacial Lake: M(lg)
Types of Glacial Lake: M(o)
Types of Glacial Lake: I(s)
Types of Glacial Lake: I(d)
Types of Glacial Lake: E(c)
Types of Glacial Lake: E(o)
Types of Glacial Lake: O
Total


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National Remote Sensing Centre, ISRO, Hyderabad | 81

82 | National Remote Sensing Centre, ISRO, Hyderabad

GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF GANGA RIVER BASIN

**5.5 Indian State’s Statistics**

Glacial lakes located in 2 states of Indian region are compared for lake count, total lake area, lake types and their elevation ranges in the following sections.

**State-wise Distribution**

Table 58 and Figure 72 shows the State-wise distribution of glacial lakes of Indian region. Lakes are predominantly distributed in Uttarakhand (UK) with 345 (93.50%) occupying a total lake extent of 547.65 ha at 90.70% in the region. Himachal Pradesh contains only 24 glacial lakes (6.50%) extend over an area of 56.13 ha (9.30%).


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Table: Table 58: State-wise distribution of GL in India

| S. No. | Code | State | No. of Lakes | Total Lake Area: (ha) | Total Lake Area: (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | HP | Himachal Pradesh | 24 | 56.13 | 9.30 |
| 2 | UK | Uttarakhand | 345 | 547.65 | 90.70 |
| | | **Total** | **369** | **603.78** | **100.00** |

S. No.
Code
State
No. of Lakes
Total Lake Area: (ha)
Total Lake Area: (%)


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**GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF GANGA RIVER BASIN**

**State-Area range-wise Distribution**

Glacial lakes have been distributed in both states for all 5 classes of area ranges except ≥ 50 ha. Table 59 and Figure 73 shows the State vs. area range-wise distribution of glacial lakes for the Indian region. It has been observed that, glacial lakes in Uttarakhand (UK) are predominantly < 5 ha (92.17%), majority of which are within 0.25 - 0.5 ha in size i.e. 40.29%, followed by lakes of 0.5 - 1 ha in size i.e. 27.83%. Not only in Uttarakhand (UK), but maximum number of lakes < 5 ha are (87.50%) located in Himachal Pradesh also.


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Table: Table 59: State-wise vs. Area range-wise distribution of GL in India

| S. No. | Lake Area Range (ha) | State: Himachal Pradesh - No. of lakes | State: Himachal Pradesh - Total Lake Area (ha) | State: Uttarakhand - No. of lakes | State: Uttarakhand - Total Lake Area (ha) | Total: No. of lakes | Total: Lake Area (ha) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0.25 - 0.5 | 6 | 1.93 | 139 | 47.66 | 145 | 49.60 |
| 2 | 0.5 - 1 | 8 | 6.22 | 96 | 67.20 | 104 | 73.42 |
| 3 | 1 - 5 | 7 | 13.95 | 83 | 179.19 | 90 | 193.14 |
| 4 | 5 - 10 | 1 | 8.26 | 19 | 127.50 | 20 | 135.76 |
| 5 | 10 - 50 | 2 | 25.77 | 8 | 126.10 | 10 | 151.86 |
| 6 | ≥ 50 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 |
| **Total** | | **24** | **56.13** | **345** | **547.65** | **369** | **603.78** |


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**GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF GANGA RIVER BASIN**

**State-Type-wise Distribution**

Glacial lake distribution by State vs. type-wise is given in Table 60 and Figure 74. It has been observed that, Uttarakhand contains maximum number of all types of glacial lake in comparison with Himachal Pradesh, with majority of Supra-glacial i.e. 30.72%, followed by Other Moraine Dammed lakes i.e. 29.85%. All types of Moraine-dammed lakes in Uttarakhand are 138 with 40.00%.


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Table: Table 60: State-wise vs. Type-wise distribution of GL in India

| S. No. | State | Types of Glacial Lake: M(e) | Types of Glacial Lake: M(l) | Types of Glacial Lake: M(lg) | Types of Glacial Lake: M(o) | Types of Glacial Lake: I(s) | Types of Glacial Lake: I(d) | Types of Glacial Lake: E(c) | Types of Glacial Lake: E(o) | Types of Glacial Lake: O | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Himachal Pradesh | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 13 | 1 | 24 |
| 2 | Uttarakhand | 24 | 11 | 0 | 103 | 106 | 0 | 23 | 66 | 12 | 345 |
| **Total** | | **24** | **11** | **0** | **110** | **106** | **0** | **26** | **79** | **13** | **369** |

S. No.
State
Types of Glacial Lake: M(e)
Types of Glacial Lake: M(l)
Types of Glacial Lake: M(lg)
Types of Glacial Lake: M(o)
Types of Glacial Lake: I(s)
Types of Glacial Lake: I(d)
Types of Glacial Lake: E(c)
Types of Glacial Lake: E(o)
Types of Glacial Lake: O
Total


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GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF GANGA RIVER BASIN


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Distribution of different types of glacial lake in the districts of Himachal Pradesh is given in Table 63 and Figure 77. It has been observed that, Other Glacial Erosion lakes are maximum with 13 (54.17%) in the state, followed by Other Moraine Dammed lakes with 7 (29.17%). Shimla district contains maximum number of glacial lakes in comparison with Kinnaur district, with majority of Other Glacial Erosion lakes (62.50%).


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Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.1 Ganga Basin Level Statistics > Type-wise Distribution
Type: table
Table: Table 63: Type-wise distribution of GL in Districts of Himachal Pradesh

| S.No. | District | Types of Glacial Lake: M(e) | Types of Glacial Lake: M(l) | Types of Glacial Lake: M(lg) | Types of Glacial Lake: M(o) | Types of Glacial Lake: I(s) | Types of Glacial Lake: I(d) | Types of Glacial Lake: E(c) | Types of Glacial Lake: E(o) | Types of Glacial Lake: O | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Kinnaur | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 8 |
| 2 | Shimla | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 10 | 0 | 16 |
| **Total** | | **0** | **0** | **0** | **7** | **0** | **0** | **3** | **13** | **1** | **24** |

S.No.
District
Types of Glacial Lake: M(e)
Types of Glacial Lake: M(l)
Types of Glacial Lake: M(lg)
Types of Glacial Lake: M(o)
Types of Glacial Lake: I(s)
Types of Glacial Lake: I(d)
Types of Glacial Lake: E(c)
Types of Glacial Lake: E(o)
Types of Glacial Lake: O
Total


Document: MESSAGE
Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.1 Ganga Basin Level Statistics > Type-wise Distribution
Type: figure
Figure: Figure 77: Type-wise distribution of GL in Districts of Himachal Pradesh

Figure 77: Type-wise distribution of GL in Districts of Himachal Pradesh


Document: MESSAGE
Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.1 Ganga Basin Level Statistics > Type-wise Distribution
Type: text

***

GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF GANGA RIVER BASIN


Document: MESSAGE
Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.1 Ganga Basin Level Statistics > Elevation range-wise Distribution
Type: text

Elevation range-wise distribution of the glacial lakes in the districts of Himachal Pradesh has been shown in Table 64 and Figure 78. All glacial lakes in the districts of Himachal Pradesh are situated above 4,000 m elevation range i.e. 24 with total lake area of 56.13 ha. Shimla district contains all glacial lakes in the elevation range of 4,001 m - 5,000 m in comparison with Kinnaur district. Elevation range-type-wise spatial distribution of glacial lakes has been represented in Figure 79.


Document: MESSAGE
Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.1 Ganga Basin Level Statistics > Elevation range-wise Distribution
Type: table
Table: Table 64: Elevation range-wise distribution of GL in Districts of Himachal Pradesh

| S.No. | Elevation Range (m) | Districts of Himachal Pradesh: Kinnaur: No. of Lakes | Districts of Himachal Pradesh: Kinnaur: Total Lake Area (ha) | Districts of Himachal Pradesh: Shimla: No. of Lakes | Districts of Himachal Pradesh: Shimla: Total Lake Area (ha) | Total: No. of Lakes | Total: Lake Area (ha) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | up to 3,000 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 |
| 2 | 3,001 - 4,000 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 |
| 3 | 4,001 - 5,000 | 3 | 3.24 | 16 | 49.46 | 19 | 52.70 |
| 4 | > 5,000 | 5 | 3.43 | 0 | 0.00 | 5 | 3.43 |
| **Total** | | **8** | **6.67** | **16** | **49.46** | **24** | **56.13** |


Document: MESSAGE
Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.1 Ganga Basin Level Statistics > Elevation range-wise Distribution
Type: figure
Figure: Figure 78: Elevation range-wise distribution of GL in Districts of Himachal Pradesh

Figure 78: Elevation range-wise distribution of GL in Districts of Himachal Pradesh


Document: MESSAGE
Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.1 Ganga Basin Level Statistics > 5.5.2 District Level Statistics of Uttarakhand
Type: text

Uttarakhand is the largest state covering area of Ganga River basin, contains glacial lakes in six districts viz., Bageshwar, Chamoli, Pithoragarh, Rudraprayag, Tehri Garhwal, and Uttarkashi. Amongst which, Chamoli has the majority of glacial lakes covering 46.14% of the total lake area in the state.


Document: MESSAGE
Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.1 Ganga Basin Level Statistics > Area range-wise Distribution
Type: text

Glacial lakes has been distributed in 6 districts of Uttarakhand for 5 classes of area ranges except ≥ 50 ha area range, and area range-wise distribution for those has been shown in Table 65 and Figure 80. Glacial lakes in Chamoli district are found to be the maximum with 192 (55.65%) occupying a total lake extent of 252.71 ha at 46.14%. About 318 (92.17%) lakes are with < 5 ha lake area contributing to 53.69% of total lake area in the state. Whereas, remaining lakes in the state with ≥ 5 ha in size are only 7.83%, predominantly of 5 - 10 ha in size.


Document: MESSAGE
Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.1 Ganga Basin Level Statistics > Area range-wise Distribution
Type: table
Table: Table 65: Area range-wise distribution of GL in Districts of Uttarakhand

| S. No. | District | 0.25 - 0.5: No. of Lakes | 0.25 - 0.5: Total Lake Area (ha) | 0.5 - 1: No. of Lakes | 0.5 - 1: Total Lake Area (ha) | 1 - 5: No. of Lakes | 1 - 5: Total Lake Area (ha) | 5 - 10: No. of Lakes | 5 - 10: Total Lake Area (ha) | 10 - 50: No. of Lakes | 10 - 50: Total Lake Area (ha) | Total: No. of Lakes | Total: Lake Area (ha) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Bageshwar | 3 | 0.99 | 3 | 2.18 | 2 | 6.02 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 8 | 9.19 |
| 2 | Chamoli | 92 | 31.17 | 53 | 37.13 | 36 | 75.72 | 7 | 47.18 | 4 | 61.51 | 192 | 252.71 |
| 3 | Pithoragarh | 12 | 4.19 | 10 | 6.51 | 13 | 25.08 | 3 | 20.42 | 3 | 39.02 | 41 | 95.22 |
| 4 | Rudraprayag | 2 | 0.68 | 1 | 0.55 | 6 | 14.68 | 2 | 15.15 | 0 | 0.00 | 11 | 31.06 |
| 5 | Tehri Garhwal | 0 | 0.00 | 4 | 3.18 | 3 | 5.34 | 2 | 12.91 | 1 | 25.56 | 10 | 46.99 |
| 6 | Uttarkashi | 30 | 10.63 | 25 | 17.65 | 23 | 52.36 | 5 | 31.84 | 0 | 0.00 | 83 | 112.48 |
| | **Total** | **139** | **47.66** | **96** | **67.20** | **83** | **179.20** | **19** | **127.50** | **8** | **126.09** | **345** | **547.65** |

S. No.
District
0.25 - 0.5: No. of Lakes
0.25 - 0.5: Total Lake Area (ha)
0.5 - 1: No. of Lakes
0.5 - 1: Total Lake Area (ha)
1 - 5: No. of Lakes
1 - 5: Total Lake Area (ha)
5 - 10: No. of Lakes
5 - 10: Total Lake Area (ha)
10 - 50: No. of Lakes
10 - 50: Total Lake Area (ha)
Total: No. of Lakes
Total: Lake Area (ha)


Document: MESSAGE
Section: 5. RESULTS > Type-wise Distribution
Type: text

Distribution of different types of glacial lake in the districts of Uttarakhand is given in Table 66 and Figure 81. It has been observed that, only 7 types of glacial lake are distributed in the state, where Supra-glacial lakes are found to be the maximum with 106 (30.72%) in the state, followed by Other Moraine Dammed lakes with 103 (29.86%). Chamoli district contains maximum number of glacial lakes in comparison with other districts in the state, with majority of Supra-glacial lakes (38.02%), followed by Other Moraine Dammed lakes i.e. 32.29%.


Document: MESSAGE
Section: 5. RESULTS > Type-wise Distribution
Type: table
Table: Table 66: Type-wise distribution of GL in Districts of Uttarakhand

| S. No. | District | M(e) | M(l) | M(lg) | M(o) | I(s) | I(d) | E(c) | E(o) | O | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Bageshwar | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 8 |
| 2 | Chamoli | 8 | 4 | 0 | 62 | 73 | 0 | 11 | 30 | 4 | 192 |
| 3 | Pithoragarh | 5 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 4 | 0 | 3 | 8 | 1 | 41 |
| 4 | Rudraprayag | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 5 | 0 | 11 |
| 5 | Tehri Garhwal | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 10 |
| 6 | Uttarkashi | 10 | 6 | 0 | 20 | 23 | 0 | 3 | 16 | 5 | 83 |
| | **Total** | **24** | **11** | **0** | **103** | **106** | **0** | **23** | **66** | **12** | **345** |

S. No.
District
M(e)
M(l)
M(lg)
M(o)
I(s)
I(d)
E(c)
E(o)
O
Total


Document: MESSAGE
Section: 5. RESULTS > Type-wise Distribution
Type: text

***

GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF GANGA RIVER BASIN


Document: MESSAGE
Section: 5. RESULTS > Elevation range-wise Distribution
Type: text

Elevation range-wise distribution of the glacial lakes in the districts of Uttarakhand has been shown in Table 67 and Figure 82. Majority of glacial lakes (53.04%) are situated in high altitude i.e. 4,001 - 5,000 m elevation range with total lake area of 345.99 ha (63.18%). This is followed by glacial lakes in very high altitude elevation range with 43.77%. Chamoli district contains maximum number of glacial lakes above 4,000 m elevation in comparison with any other district in the state, with majority of them falling in very high altitude range i.e. > 5,000 m. Elevation range-type-wise spatial distribution of glacial lakes has been represented in Figure 83.

5. RESULTS
Elevation range-wise Distribution


Document: MESSAGE
Section: 5. RESULTS > Elevation range-wise Distribution
Type: table
Table: Table 67: Elevation range-wise distribution of GL in Districts of Uttarakhand

| S. No. | District | up to 3,000: No. of Lakes | up to 3,000: Total Lake Area (ha) | 3,001 - 4,000: No. of Lakes | 3,001 - 4,000: Total Lake Area (ha) | 4,001 - 5,000: No. of Lakes | 4,001 - 5,000: Total Lake Area (ha) | > 5,000: No. of Lakes | > 5,000: Total Lake Area (ha) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Bageshwar | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 0.41 | 7 | 8.78 | 0 | 0.00 |
| 2 | Chamoli | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 0.74 | 85 | 121.99 | 106 | 129.99 |
| 3 | Pithoragarh | 0 | 0.00 | 3 | 0.93 | 22 | 72.18 | 16 | 22.12 |
| 4 | Rudraprayag | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 11 | 31.05 | 0 | 0.00 |
| 5 | Tehri Garhwal | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 1.11 | 9 | 45.89 | 0 | 0.00 |
| 6 | Uttarkashi | 0 | 0.00 | 5 | 2.45 | 49 | 66.10 | 29 | 43.92 |
| | **Total** | **0** | **0.00** | **11** | **5.64** | **183** | **345.99** | **151** | **196.03** |

S. No.
District
up to 3,000: No. of Lakes
up to 3,000: Total Lake Area (ha)
3,001 - 4,000: No. of Lakes
3,001 - 4,000: Total Lake Area (ha)
4,001 - 5,000: No. of Lakes
4,001 - 5,000: Total Lake Area (ha)
> 5,000: No. of Lakes
> 5,000: Total Lake Area (ha)


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Section: 5. RESULTS > Elevation range-wise Distribution
Type: text

GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF GANGA RIVER BASIN


Document: MESSAGE
Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.6 Transboundary Region Statistics
Type: text

Apart from India, Ganga River basin also covers part of transboundary region which has a total area of 1,86,848 Km² i.e. 75.62% of the total river basin area. This transboundary region covers majority part of it in Nepal and little in China (Tibetan region). Elevation in the transboundary region varies from minimum 45 m to maximum 8,848 m amsl. This region has upper part of Ghaghara, Rapti, Bhagmati, Kamla, Gandak, Lower Ganga, and Kosi subbasins, and part of Sarda subbasin. Subbasin region of Rapti, Bhagmati, Kamla, and Lower Ganga does not contain any glacial lake. A total of 4,338 glacial lakes lies within transboundary region, covering a total area of 20,081.34 ha i.e. 0.12% of the total area of the Ganga River basin under transboundary region.

5. RESULTS
5.6 Transboundary Region Statistics


Document: MESSAGE
Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.6 Transboundary Region Statistics > Area range-wise Distribution
Type: text

In Transboundary region, glacial lakes have been distributed in all 6 classes of area ranges. Table 68 and Figure 84 shows the area range-wise distribution of glacial lakes for the transboundary region. About 3,696 (85.20%) lakes are with < 5 ha lake area contributing to 22.26% of total lake area. The remaining lakes with ≥ 5 ha in size are only 642 (14.80%) but contributing to 77.74% of total lake area in the region.

5. RESULTS
5.6 Transboundary Region Statistics
Area range-wise Distribution


Document: MESSAGE
Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.6 Transboundary Region Statistics > Area range-wise Distribution
Type: table
Table: Table 68: Area range-wise distribution of GL in Transboundary region

| S. No. | Lake Area Range (ha) | No. of Lakes | Total Lake Area (ha) | Total Lake Area (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0.25 - 0.5 | 1,134 | 402.70 | 2.01 |
| 2 | 0.5 - 1 | 1,053 | 750.62 | 3.74 |
| 3 | 1 - 5 | 1,509 | 3,315.81 | 16.51 |
| 4 | 5 - 10 | 295 | 2,049.12 | 10.20 |
| 5 | 10 - 50 | 289 | 5,786.35 | 28.81 |
| 6 | ≥ 50 | 58 | 7,776.74 | 38.73 |
| | **Total** | **4,338** | **20,081.34** | **100.00** |

S. No.
Lake Area Range (ha)
No. of Lakes
Total Lake Area (ha)
Total Lake Area (%)


Document: MESSAGE
Section: 5. RESULTS > 5.6 Transboundary Region Statistics > Area range-wise Distribution
Type: text

GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF GANGA RIVER BASIN


Document: MESSAGE
Section: 5. RESULTS > Type-wise Distribution
Type: text

Distribution of different types of glacial lake in the transboundary region is given in Table 69 and Figure 85. All types of glacial lakes are present in the transboundary region, where Other Glacial Erosion lake is found to be the maximum with 1,665 (38.38%) occupying a total lake extent of 4,507.80 ha at 22.45% in the region. After that, Other Moraine Dammed and Supra-glacial lakes are in majority with 1,630 (37.57%) and 511 (11.78%) and extend over a total area of 4,357.83 ha (21.70%) and 487.57 ha (2.43%) respectively.


Document: MESSAGE
Section: 5. RESULTS > Type-wise Distribution
Type: table
Table: Table 69: Type-wise distribution of GL in Transboundary region

| S. No. | Code | Types of Glacial Lake | No. of Lakes | Total Lake Area (ha) | Total Lake Area (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | M(e) | End-moraine Dammed Lake | 236 | 8,444.57 | 42.05 |
| 2 | M(l) | Lateral Moraine Dammed Lake | 89 | 547.70 | 2.73 |
| 3 | M(lg) | Lateral Moraine Dammed Lake with Ice | 9 | 5.48 | 0.03 |
| 4 | M(o) | Other Moraine Dammed Lake | 1,630 | 4,357.83 | 21.70 |
| 5 | I(s) | Supra-glacial Lake | 511 | 487.57 | 2.43 |
| 6 | I(d) | Glacier Ice-dammed Lake | 1 | 2.45 | 0.01 |
| 7 | E(c) | Cirque Erosion Lake | 97 | 863.59 | 4.30 |
| 8 | E(o) | Other Glacial Erosion Lake | 1,665 | 4,507.80 | 22.45 |
| 9 | O | Other Glacial Lake | 100 | 864.35 | 4.30 |
| | | **Total** | **4,338** | **20,081.34** | **100.00** |

S. No.
Code
Types of Glacial Lake
No. of Lakes
Total Lake Area (ha)
Total Lake Area (%)


Document: MESSAGE
Section: 5. RESULTS > Area range-Type-wise Distribution
Type: text

Glacial lake distribution by area range vs. type-wise is given in Table 70 and Figure 86. The lakes with < 5 ha in size (85.20%) are dominant with Other Glacial Erosion (40.15%) and Other Moraine Dammed lakes (39.48%). Lakes with ≥ 5 ha (14.80%) are also dominated by Other Glacial Erosion lakes (28.19%). All types of Moraine-dammed lakes, which constitute about 45.27%, are majorly with < 5 ha in water spread.

5. RESULTS
Area range-Type-wise Distribution


Document: MESSAGE
Section: 5. RESULTS > Area range-Type-wise Distribution
Type: table
Table: Table 70: Area range-wise vs. Type-wise distribution of GL in Transboundary region

| S. No. | Lake Area Range (ha) | M(e) | M(l) | M(lg) | M(o) | I(s) | I(d) | E(c) | E(o) | O | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0.25 - 0.5 | 4 | 21 | 4 | 425 | 281 | 0 | 3 | 374 | 22 | 1,134 |
| 2 | 0.5 - 1 | 11 | 19 | 4 | 443 | 141 | 0 | 0 | 410 | 25 | 1,053 |
| 3 | 1 - 5 | 45 | 31 | 1 | 591 | 78 | 1 | 38 | 700 | 24 | 1,509 |
| 4 | 5 - 10 | 40 | 5 | 0 | 100 | 5 | 0 | 26 | 112 | 7 | 295 |
| 5 | 10 - 50 | 94 | 9 | 0 | 68 | 6 | 0 | 30 | 64 | 18 | 289 |
| 6 | ≥ 50 | 42 | 4 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 4 | 58 |
| | **Total** | **236** | **89** | **9** | **1,630** | **511** | **1** | **97** | **1,665** | **100** | **4,338** |

S. No.
Lake Area Range (ha)
M(e)
M(l)
M(lg)
M(o)
I(s)
I(d)
E(c)
E(o)
O
Total


Document: MESSAGE
Section: 5. RESULTS > Area range-Type-wise Distribution
Type: text

GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF GANGA RIVER BASIN

**Elevation range-wise Distribution**

Elevation range-wise distribution of the glacial lakes in the transboundary region has been shown in Table 71 and Figure 87. Majority of glacial lakes are situated above 4,000 m elevation range i.e. 4,286 (98.80%) with total lake area of 19,853.55 ha, contributing 98.87% of lake area.


Document: MESSAGE
Section: 5. RESULTS > Area range-Type-wise Distribution
Type: table
Table: Table 71: Elevation range-wise distribution of GL in Transboundary region

| S. No. | Elevation Range (m) | No. of Lakes | Total Lake Area (ha) | Total Lake Area (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | up to 3,000 | 1 | 9.87 | 0.05 |
| 2 | 3,001 - 4,000 | 51 | 217.92 | 1.08 |
| 3 | 4,001 - 5,000 | 1,653 | 6,976.20 | 34.74 |
| 4 | > 5,000 | 2,633 | 12,877.35 | 64.13 |
| | **Total** | **4,338** | **20,081.34** | **100.00** |

S. No.
Elevation Range (m)
No. of Lakes
Total Lake Area (ha)
Total Lake Area (%)


Document: MESSAGE
Section: 5. RESULTS > Area range-Type-wise Distribution
Type: text

GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF GANGA RIVER BASIN

**Area-Elevation range-wise Distribution**

Glacial lake distribution has been analyzed as per area range vs. elevation range-wise, given in Table 72 and Figure 88. It is noted that, 60.70% of glacial lakes (2,633) are situated in very high altitude range i.e. > 5,000 m, which also constitutes majority of total lake area within that range i.e. 64.13%. However, 52 glacial lakes lies below 4,001 m, has 75.00% of its lakes < 5 ha in size. 85.95% of lakes lying in very high altitude range are < 5 ha, majorly of size ranging 1 - 5 ha (i.e. 881), followed by lakes of size 0.25 - 0.5 ha (i.e. 714). It has been further noticed that, 57.63% of lakes ≥ 5 ha are lying within in the very high altitude range, majority of them falling in size ranging of 5 - 10 ha.


Document: MESSAGE
Section: 5. RESULTS > Area range-Type-wise Distribution
Type: table
Table: Table 72: Area range-wise vs. Elevation range-wise distribution of GL in Transboundary region

| S. No. | Lake Area Range (ha) | Elevation Range (m): up to 3,000 (No. of lakes) | Elevation Range (m): up to 3,000 (Total Lake Area ha) | Elevation Range (m): 3,001 - 4,000 (No. of lakes) | Elevation Range (m): 3,001 - 4,000 (Total Lake Area ha) | Elevation Range (m): 4,001 - 5,000 (No. of lakes) | Elevation Range (m): 4,001 - 5,000 (Total Lake Area ha) | Elevation Range (m): > 5,000 (No. of lakes) | Elevation Range (m): > 5,000 (Total Lake Area ha) | Total (No. of lakes) | Total (Lake Area ha) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0.25 - 0.5 | 0 | 0.00 | 14 | 4.51 | 406 | 145.73 | 714 | 252.46 | 1,134 | 402.70 |
| 2 | 0.5 - 1 | 0 | 0.00 | 14 | 10.30 | 371 | 266.39 | 668 | 473.93 | 1,053 | 750.62 |
| 3 | 1 - 5 | 0 | 0.00 | 11 | 32.06 | 617 | 1,380.02 | 881 | 1,903.73 | 1,509 | 3,315.81 |
| 4 | 5 - 10 | 1 | 9.87 | 5 | 34.15 | 121 | 855.12 | 168 | 1,149.98 | 295 | 2,049.12 |
| 5 | 10 - 50 | 0 | 0.00 | 7 | 136.90 | 119 | 2,257.52 | 163 | 3,391.93 | 289 | 5,786.35 |
| 6 | ≥ 50 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 19 | 2,071.42 | 39 | 5,705.32 | 58 | 7,776.74 |
| | **Total** | **1** | **9.87** | **51** | **217.92** | **1,653** | **6,976.20** | **2,633** | **12,877.35** | **4,338** | **20,081.34** |


Document: MESSAGE
Section: 5. RESULTS > Area range-Type-wise Distribution
Type: text

GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF GANGA RIVER BASIN

**Type-Elevation range-wise Distribution**

Glacial lake distribution has also been analyzed as per type-wise vs. elevation range-wise, given in Table 73 and Figure 89. The dominant lake type in the subbasin i.e. Other Glacial Erosion lake (38.38%) is predominantly located in the elevation range 4,001 - 5,000 m (52.03%). The other dominant lake type, namely, Other Moraine Dammed and Supra-glacial lakes are also majorly distributed in very high altitude range > 5,000 m elevation range, i.e. 48.99% and 11.36%. Majority i.e. 76.58% of all types of Moraine-dammed lake lies in > 5,000 m.


Document: MESSAGE
Section: 5. RESULTS > Area range-Type-wise Distribution
Type: table
Table: Table 73: Elevation range-wise vs. Type-wise distribution of GL in Transboundary region

| S. No. | Elevation Range (m) | M(e) | M(l) | M(lg) | M(o) | I(s) | I(d) | E(c) | E(o) | O | Total |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| 1 | up to 3,000 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2 | 3,001 - 4,000 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 6 | 14 | 0 | 1 | 22 | 4 | 51 |
| 3 | 4,001 - 5,000 | 68 | 47 | 1 | 334 | 198 | 0 | 78 | 860 | 67 | 1,653 |
| 4 | > 5,000 | 165 | 41 | 8 | 1,290 | 299 | 1 | 18 | 782 | 29 | 2,633 |
| | **Total** | **236** | **89** | **9** | **1,630** | **511** | **1** | **97** | **1,665** | **100** | **4,338** |

S. No.
Elevation Range (m)
M(e)
M(l)
M(lg)
M(o)
I(s)
I(d)
E(c)
E(o)
O
Total


Document: MESSAGE
Section: 5. RESULTS > Area range-Type-wise Distribution
Type: text

GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF GANGA RIVER BASIN


Document: MESSAGE
Section: 6. INDEX OF MAP SHEETS
Type: figure
Figure: Figure 90 shows the layout map representing SOI 250K toposheets overlaid on satellite image acquisition year layer covering the Ganga River basin. A total of 42 toposheets covered the entire study area, of which 23 toposheets contain glacial lakes.

Figure 90 shows the layout map representing SOI 250K toposheets overlaid on satellite image acquisition year layer covering the Ganga River basin. A total of 42 toposheets covered the entire study area, of which 23 toposheets contain glacial lakes.


Document: MESSAGE
Section: 6. INDEX OF MAP SHEETS
Type: text

***

GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF GANGA RIVER BASIN


Document: MESSAGE
Section: SATELLITE IMAGE OF PART OF GANGA BASIN
Type: text

State: Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand
Map 1
Plate No: 53I

Data Source: Resourcesat-2 LISS-IV (Total Nos of Scenes: 4)

Distribution of Glacial Lake Types vs. Area-wise


Document: MESSAGE
Section: SATELLITE IMAGE OF PART OF GANGA BASIN
Type: table
Table

| S.No. | Glacial Lake Area Range (ha) | Moraine Dammed Lake: End-moraine Dammed Lake | Moraine Dammed Lake: Lateral Moraine Dammed Lake | Moraine Dammed Lake: Lateral Moraine Dammed Lake with Ice | Moraine Dammed Lake: Other Moraine Dammed Lake | Ice Dammed Lake: Supra-glacial Lake | Ice Dammed Lake: Glacier Ice-dammed Lake | Erosion Lake: Cirque Erosion Lake | Erosion Lake: Glacier Trough Valley Erosion Lake | Erosion Lake: Other Glacial Erosion Lake | Other Glacial Lake | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0.25 - 0.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 3 | 18 |
| 2 | 0.5 - 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 2 | 16 |
| 3 | 1 - 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 7 | 1 | 11 |
| 4 | 5 - 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| 5 | 10 - 50 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| 6 | ≥ 50 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Total | | 1 | 0 | 0 | 13 | 4 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 23 | 6 | 50 |


Document: MESSAGE
Section: SATELLITE IMAGE OF PART OF GANGA BASIN
Type: text

DISCLAIMER:
(a) The Adminitrative Boundaries shown are for scientific study and not for statutory purpose
(b) Satellite image depicts both Glacial Lakes and Water Bodies, but only glacial lakes were mapped

GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF GANGA RIVER BASIN

**GLACIAL LAKES IN PART OF GANGA BASIN**

**State: Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand**
**Map 2**
**Plate No: 53I**

Data Source: Resourcesat-2 LISS-IV

**Distribution of Glacial Lake Types**

**Location Map**

**Elevation-wise Glacial Lake Distribution**


Document: MESSAGE
Section: SATELLITE IMAGE OF PART OF GANGA BASIN
Type: table
Table

| S.No. | Elevation Range (m) | No. of Glacial Lakes | Glacial Lake Area (ha) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | up to 3,000 | 0 | 0.0 |
| 2 | 3,001 - 4,000 | 5 | 2.5 |
| 3 | 4,001 - 5,000 | 36 | 76.6 |
| 4 | > 5,000 | 9 | 5.5 |
| | Total | 50 | 84.6 |

S.No.
Elevation Range (m)
No. of Glacial Lakes
Glacial Lake Area (ha)


Document: MESSAGE
Section: SATELLITE IMAGE OF PART OF GANGA BASIN
Type: text

**Subbasins**
Bhagmati
Gandak
Ghaghara
Kamla
Kosi
Lower Ganga
Ramganga
Rapti
Sarda
Upper Ganga
Yamuna

Plate Nos. with GREY annotation does not have Glacial Lakes.
Corresponding Mapsheets not provided.

**Legend**
Glacial Lake
River / Stream
Basin Boundary
Subbasin Boundary
District Boundary
State / UT Boundary
International Boundary

**Elevation Range (m)**
up to 3,000
3,001 - 4,000
4,001 - 5,000
> 5,000

Prepared By:
Water Resources Group
National Remote Sensing Centre, ISRO
Department of Space, Government of India

Under:
National Hydrology Project
Department of Water Resources, RD & GR
Ministry of Jal Shakti, Government of India

DISCLAIMER: The Administrative Boundaries shown are for scientific study and not for statutory purpose

***

GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF GANGA RIVER BASIN

**SATELLITE IMAGE OF PART OF GANGA BASIN**

**State: Uttarakhand**
**Map 3**
**Plate No: 53J**

Data Source: Resourcesat-2 LISS-IV (Total Nos of Scenes: 6)

**Distribution of Glacial Lake Types vs. Area-wise**


Document: MESSAGE
Section: SATELLITE IMAGE OF PART OF GANGA BASIN
Type: table
Table

| S.No. | Glacial Lake Area Range (ha) | Moraine Dammed Lake: End-moraine Dammed Lake | Moraine Dammed Lake: Lateral Moraine Dammed Lake | Moraine Dammed Lake: Lateral Moraine Dammed Lake with Ice | Moraine Dammed Lake: Other Moraine Dammed Lake | Ice Dammed Lake: Supra-glacial Lake | Ice Dammed Lake: Glacier Ice-dammed Lake | Erosion Lake: Cirque Erosion Lake | Erosion Lake: Glacier Trough Valley Erosion Lake | Erosion Lake: Other Glacial Erosion Lake | Other Glacial Lake | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0.25 - 0.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| 2 | 0.5 - 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 9 |
| 3 | 1 - 5 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 6 | 1 | 10 |
| 4 | 5 - 10 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 4 |
| 5 | 10 - 50 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 6 | ≥ 50 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| | Total | 2 | 3 | 0 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 11 | 1 | 26 |


Document: MESSAGE
Section: SATELLITE IMAGE OF PART OF GANGA BASIN
Type: text

**Legend**
Subbasin Boundary
District Boundary

**DISCLAIMER:**
(a) The Administrative Boundaries shown are for scientific study and not for statutory purpose
(b) Satellite image depicts both Glacial Lakes and Water Bodies, but only glacial lakes were mapped

GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF GANGA RIVER BASIN

GLACIAL LAKES IN PART OF GANGA BASIN

State: Uttarakhand
Map 6
Plate No: 53M

Data Source: Resourcesat-2 LISS-IV

Distribution of Glacial Lake Types
Location Map
Elevation-wise Glacial Lake Distribution


Document: MESSAGE
Section: SATELLITE IMAGE OF PART OF GANGA BASIN
Type: table
Table

| S.No. | Elevation Range (m) | No. of Glacial Lakes | Glacial Lake Area (ha) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | up to 3,000 | 0 | 0.0 |
| 2 | 3,001 - 4,000 | 0 | 0.0 |
| 3 | 4,001 - 5,000 | 0 | 0.0 |
| 4 | > 5,000 | 56 | 78.9 |
| | Total | 56 | 78.9 |


Document: MESSAGE
Section: SATELLITE IMAGE OF PART OF GANGA BASIN
Type: text

Subbasins
Bhagmati
Gandak
Ghaghara
Kamla
Kosi
Lower Ganga
Ramganga
Rapti
Sarda
Upper Ganga
Yamuna

Ganga Basin
India

Legend
Glacial Lake
River / Stream
Basin Boundary
Subbasin Boundary
District Boundary
State / UT Boundary
International Boundary

Elevation Range (m)
up to 3,000
3,001 - 4,000
4,001 - 5,000
> 5,000

Moraine Dammed Lake
Ice Dammed Lake
Erosion Lake
Other Glacial Lake

Prepared By:
Water Resources Group
National Remote Sensing Centre, ISRO
Department of Space, Government of India

Under:
National Hydrolgy Project
Department of Water Resources, RD & GR
Ministry of Jal Shakti, Government of India

Plate Nos. with GREY annotation does not have Glacial Lakes.
Corresponding Mapsheets not provided.

DISCLAIMER: The Adminitrative Boundaries shown are for scientific study and not for statutory purpose

***

GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF GANGA RIVER BASIN

SATELLITE IMAGE OF PART OF GANGA BASIN

State: Uttarakhand
Map 7
Plate No: 53N

Data Source: Resourcesat-2 LISS-IV (Total Nos of Scenes: 7)

Distribution of Glacial Lake Types vs. Area-wise


Document: MESSAGE
Section: SATELLITE IMAGE OF PART OF GANGA BASIN
Type: table
Table

| S.No. | Glacial Lake Area Range (ha) | Moraine Dammed Lake: End-moraine Dammed Lake | Moraine Dammed Lake: Lateral Moraine Dammed Lake | Moraine Dammed Lake: Lateral Moraine Dammed Lake with Ice | Moraine Dammed Lake: Other Moraine Dammed Lake | Ice Dammed Lake: Supra-glacial Lake | Ice Dammed Lake: Glacier Ice-dammed Lake | Erosion Lake: Cirque Erosion Lake | Erosion Lake: Glacier Trough Valley Erosion Lake | Erosion Lake: Other Glacial Erosion Lake | Other Glacial Lake | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0.25 - 0.5 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 17 | 65 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 13 | 1 | 99 |
| 2 | 0.5 - 1 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 17 | 23 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 53 |
| 3 | 1 - 5 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 9 | 4 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 32 |
| 4 | 5 - 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 |
| 5 | 10 - 50 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| 6 | ≥ 50 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| | Total | 7 | 7 | 0 | 46 | 95 | 0 | 14 | 0 | 27 | 1 | 197 |


Document: MESSAGE
Section: SATELLITE IMAGE OF PART OF GANGA BASIN
Type: text

Legend
Subbasin Boundary
District Boundary

DISCLAIMER:
(a) The Adminitrative Boundaries shown are for scientific study and not for statutory purpose
(b) Satellite image depicts both Glacial Lakes and Water Bodies, but only glacial lakes were mapped

GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF GANGA RIVER BASIN

GLACIAL LAKES IN PART OF GANGA BASIN

State: Uttarakhand Map 8 Plate No: 53N

Data Source: Resourcesat-2 LISS-IV

Elevation-wise Glacial Lake Distribution


Document: MESSAGE
Section: SATELLITE IMAGE OF PART OF GANGA BASIN
Type: table
Table

| S.No. | Elevation Range (m) | No. of Glacial Lakes | Glacial Lake Area (ha) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | up to 3,000 | 0 | 0.0 |
| 2 | 3,001 - 4,000 | 2 | 1.2 |
| 3 | 4,001 - 5,000 | 118 | 168.2 |
| 4 | > 5,000 | 77 | 93.8 |
| | Total | 197 | 263.1 |


Document: MESSAGE
Section: SATELLITE IMAGE OF PART OF GANGA BASIN
Type: text

Prepared By:
Water Resources Group
National Remote Sensing Centre, ISRO
Department of Space, Government of India

Under:
National Hydrology Project
Department of Water Resources, RD & GR
Ministry of Jal Shakti, Government of India

Plate Nos. with GREY annotation does not have Glacial Lakes.
Corresponding Mapsheets not provided.

DISCLAIMER: The Administrative Boundaries shown are for scientific study and not for statutory purpose

***

GLACIAL LAKE ATLAS OF GANGA RIVER BASIN

SATELLITE IMAGE OF PART OF GANGA BASIN

State: Uttarakhand Map 9 Plate No: 62B

Data Source: Resourcesat-2 LISS-IV (Total Nos of Scenes: 6)

Distribution of Glacial Lake Types vs. Area-wise