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<body>

<!-- ══ HEADER ══ -->
<div class="hdr">
  <div class="hdr-kicker">Primordial Architecture Series · Biofeedback Layer · v0.1 · Builds on Brain Layer v0.1</div>
  <div class="hdr-title">Primordial Biofeedback Layer v0.1<br><em>HIR-Governed Physiological Signal Mapping</em></div>
  <div class="hdr-sub">
    Signal Modalities · Feedback Loop Architecture · Protocol Registry · Training Level Taxonomy · Evidence Classification<br>
    <strong>NOT clinical · NOT diagnostic · NOT a real-time treatment system · NOT a direct brain measurement · Theoretical architecture mapping only</strong>
  </div>
  <div class="hdr-meta">
    <span class="hdr-chip">Created and Developed by Collin D. Weber</span>
    <span class="hdr-chip">April 30, 2026</span>
    <span class="hdr-chip">Extends Brain Layer v0.1</span>
    <span class="hdr-chip">HIR-Governed · R-13 through R-22</span>
  </div>
</div>

<!-- INVARIANT -->
<div class="invariant">
  <strong>Inherited Core Invariant (from Brain Layer v0.1):</strong><br>
  Unknown neural mechanism may preserve possibility space. Noisy, incomplete, artifact-heavy, or provenance-weak data may invalidate interpretation. Neither may become positive evidence about a person.<br>
  <strong>Biofeedback extension:</strong> A within-session signal change is not a confirmed mechanism change. Training an output is not training the brain region. Correlation between biofeedback signal and behavior is not a confirmed causal chain.
</div>

<!-- LAYER LINK -->
<div class="layer-link">
  <strong>Brain Layer v0.1 IDs in scope:</strong>
  Regions: BR-01 through BR-17 &nbsp;·&nbsp; Pathways: PW-01 through PW-09 &nbsp;·&nbsp; Output Effects: OUT-01 through OUT-14<br>
  Uncertainty: UA-01–09 (neurophysical) · UB-01–13 (measurement) &nbsp;·&nbsp; Rules: R-01 through R-12 (inherited, not repeated)<br>
  <strong>This layer adds:</strong> BF-01–08 (signals) · BP-01–10 (protocols) · FL-1–7 (feedback loop stages) · BA-01–07 + BB-01–09 (new uncertainty) · R-13–R-22 (new HIR rules)
</div>

<!-- ════════════════════════════════════════════════════ -->
<!-- SECTION 1: SCOPE -->
<!-- ════════════════════════════════════════════════════ -->
<div class="section">
  <div class="section-num">Section 1</div>
  <div class="section-title">Scope, Boundary, and <em>Core Mapping Claim</em></div>
  <div class="section-body">
    <p>Biofeedback is the process of measuring physiological signals from the body, processing them in real time, and presenting an output — a sound, a number, a display — that reflects some feature of that signal, enabling a person to attempt to modulate it. This layer maps the biofeedback process onto the Primordial Brain Layer v0.1 framework.</p>
    <p>The central architectural claim of this layer, and the claim that requires the most careful HIR governance: <strong>biofeedback signals are distal proxies, not direct measurements of specific brain structures.</strong> A scalp EEG electrode is separated from the brain region it is most commonly associated with by volume conduction through scalp, skull, meninges, and cerebrospinal fluid, plus the mixing of signals from large cortical populations. An HRV measurement is separated from the autonomic control structures of the brainstem and hypothalamus by the entire peripheral autonomic chain. The feedback loop is real and measurable; the causal path from feedback display back to a specific brain region is probabilistic and requires separate validation at each step.</p>
  </div>

  <table>
    <thead><tr><th>In scope</th><th>Out of scope</th></tr></thead>
    <tbody>
      <tr><td>Physiological signal modalities and what they directly measure</td><td>Biofeedback as a proven mechanism for reorganizing specific brain structures</td></tr>
      <tr><td>The feedback loop architecture as an engineered system</td><td>Neurofeedback as a diagnostic tool</td></tr>
      <tr><td>Protocol definitions with evidence classifications</td><td>Biofeedback signals as objective measures of mental states</td></tr>
      <tr><td>Training level taxonomy (session state vs. skill vs. generalization vs. mechanism)</td><td>Biofeedback as a replacement for clinical evaluation or treatment</td></tr>
      <tr><td>Signal-to-brain-layer mapping with explicit uncertainty</td><td>Overclaims about specific brain regions being "trained" without mechanism evidence</td></tr>
      <tr><td>Extended uncertainty taxonomy for biofeedback-specific unknowns</td><td>Character, identity, or diagnostic inferences from biofeedback signals</td></tr>
      <tr><td>HIR rules R-13 through R-22 extending the brain layer rule set</td><td>Any claim not grounded in cited, bounded evidence</td></tr>
    </tbody>
  </table>
</div>

<hr class="div-rule">

<!-- ════════════════════════════════════════════════════ -->
<!-- SECTION 2: FEEDBACK LOOP ARCHITECTURE -->
<!-- ════════════════════════════════════════════════════ -->
<div class="section">
  <div class="section-num">Section 2</div>
  <div class="section-title">The <em>Feedback Loop Architecture</em></div>
  <div class="section-body">
    <p>The biofeedback loop is an engineered system with seven stages. HIR governance applies at each stage independently — a clean signal at stage 2 does not compensate for a provenance failure at stage 1, and a valid feedback display at stage 5 does not authorize mechanistic claims about stage 7. Each gate is independent.</p>
  </div>

  <div class="loop-diagram">
    <div class="loop-title">Feedback Loop Stages — HIR Governance at Each Stage</div>
    <div class="loop-row">
      <div class="loop-stage">
        <span class="ls-num">FL-1</span>
        <span class="ls-name">Sensor / Electrode</span>
        <span class="ls-sub">Placement · impedance · contact · modality</span>
      </div>
      <div class="loop-arrow">→</div>
      <div class="loop-stage">
        <span class="ls-num">FL-2</span>
        <span class="ls-name">Signal Acquisition</span>
        <span class="ls-sub">Amplifier · sampling rate · filter settings · device</span>
      </div>
      <div class="loop-arrow">→</div>
      <div class="loop-stage">
        <span class="ls-num">FL-3</span>
        <span class="ls-name">Preprocessing</span>
        <span class="ls-sub">Artifact rejection · filtering · referencing · baseline</span>
      </div>
      <div class="loop-arrow">→</div>
      <div class="loop-stage">
        <span class="ls-num">FL-4</span>
        <span class="ls-name">Feature Extraction</span>
        <span class="ls-sub">Band power · HRV metric · RMS · threshold</span>
      </div>
      <div class="loop-arrow">→</div>
      <div class="loop-stage">
        <span class="ls-num">FL-5</span>
        <span class="ls-name">Feedback Display</span>
        <span class="ls-sub">Tone · graph · animation · reward</span>
      </div>
      <div class="loop-arrow">→</div>
      <div class="loop-stage">
        <span class="ls-num">FL-6</span>
        <span class="ls-name">Person Response</span>
        <span class="ls-sub">Voluntary/involuntary modulation attempt</span>
      </div>
      <div class="loop-arrow">→</div>
      <div class="loop-stage">
        <span class="ls-num">FL-7</span>
        <span class="ls-name">Physiological Change</span>
        <span class="ls-sub">Signal shift → back to FL-1</span>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div class="loop-hir">
      <strong>H gate (FL-1, FL-2, FL-3):</strong> Sensor placement, impedance, artifact, filter settings, and device specifications must be documented. Unknown electrode contact quality = UB-01 risk. Undocumented preprocessing = UB-12.<br>
      <strong>I gate (FL-4, FL-5):</strong> The feature presented in feedback must be labeled as what it is: a signal feature, not a brain state. Alpha power at Pz is not "relaxation." theta/beta ratio at Fz is not "ADHD." The display must not label the feature in ways that collapse signal-to-brain-region uncertainty.<br>
      <strong>R gate (FL-6, FL-7):</strong> A physiological signal change during a session cannot be used to infer character, capacity, diagnosis, or identity. Person-level claims are blocked regardless of within-session signal change. R-07 (inherited from Brain Layer) applies at every loop cycle.
    </div>
  </div>

  <table style="margin-top:10px">
    <thead><tr><th>Loop Stage</th><th>What it produces</th><th>What it does NOT establish</th><th>Key uncertainty classes</th></tr></thead>
    <tbody>
      <tr><td class="td-key">FL-1 — Sensor</td><td class="td-sm">Raw physiological voltage or current</td><td class="td-sm">Specific brain region activity</td><td><span class="chip ch-b">BB-01</span> <span class="chip ch-b">BB-02</span></td></tr>
      <tr><td class="td-key">FL-2 — Acquisition</td><td class="td-sm">Digitized signal with known sampling parameters</td><td class="td-sm">Clean, artifact-free signal (must be verified)</td><td><span class="chip ch-b">UB-04</span> <span class="chip ch-b">BB-03</span></td></tr>
      <tr><td class="td-key">FL-3 — Preprocessing</td><td class="td-sm">Filtered, referenced, artifact-rejected signal</td><td class="td-sm">Ground truth; preprocessing choices alter outcomes</td><td><span class="chip ch-b">UB-12</span> <span class="chip ch-b">BB-04</span></td></tr>
      <tr><td class="td-key">FL-4 — Feature</td><td class="td-sm">A scalar metric (band power, HRV, RMS)</td><td class="td-sm">The brain state the metric is "associated with"</td><td><span class="chip ch-a">BA-01</span> <span class="chip ch-a">BA-04</span></td></tr>
      <tr><td class="td-key">FL-5 — Feedback</td><td class="td-sm">A display signal that responds to the feature</td><td class="td-sm">Clinical outcome, psychological state, diagnosis</td><td><span class="chip ch-a">BA-02</span> <span class="chip ch-a">BA-05</span></td></tr>
      <tr><td class="td-key">FL-6 — Response</td><td class="td-sm">A behavioral attempt to modulate the signal</td><td class="td-sm">Which cognitive strategy worked; why</td><td><span class="chip ch-a">BA-03</span> <span class="chip ch-a">BA-06</span></td></tr>
      <tr><td class="td-key">FL-7 — Change</td><td class="td-sm">Within-session signal shift</td><td class="td-sm">Lasting neural change, generalization, or mechanism</td><td><span class="chip ch-a">BA-01</span> <span class="chip ch-a">BA-07</span></td></tr>
    </tbody>
  </table>
</div>

<hr class="div-rule">

<!-- ════════════════════════════════════════════════════ -->
<!-- SECTION 3: BIOFEEDBACK SIGNAL REGISTRY -->
<!-- ════════════════════════════════════════════════════ -->
<div class="section">
  <div class="section-num">Section 3</div>
  <div class="section-title">Biofeedback <em>Signal Registry</em></div>
  <div class="section-body">
    <p>For each signal, the most important entry is <strong>what it directly measures</strong> — not what it is commonly claimed to measure. The gap between these two is where most overclaiming occurs.</p>
  </div>

  <div class="signal-grid">

    <div class="signal-card" style="border-left:3px solid var(--bf)">
      <div class="sc-id">BF-01</div>
      <div class="sc-name">EEG / Neurofeedback</div>
      <div class="sc-row"><strong>Directly measures:</strong> Scalp electrical potential — sum of synchronized postsynaptic potentials from large cortical neuron populations, volume-conducted through CSF, meninges, skull, and scalp</div>
      <div class="sc-row"><strong>Does NOT directly measure:</strong> Activity in specific brain regions, subcortical structures, individual neurons, or deep white matter</div>
      <div class="sc-row"><strong>Brain Layer connections (indirect):</strong> Electrode location and frequency band determine which regions are most likely contributing — Cz: BR-05/BR-06 area; frontal: BR-01; occipital: BR-07; temporal: BR-03/BR-08</div>
      <div class="sc-row"><strong>Pathways:</strong> Corticothalamic loops influence band power (thalamus BR-12 → cortex)</div>
      <div class="sc-row"><strong>Key frequency bands:</strong> delta (0.5–4 Hz, sleep/pathology), theta (4–8 Hz, drowsiness, frontal cognitive), alpha (8–12 Hz, relaxed wakefulness, visual suppression), SMR (12–15 Hz, sensorimotor inhibition), beta (12–30 Hz, active cognition, motor readiness), gamma (>30 Hz, binding — highly artifact-susceptible)</div>
      <div class="sc-row"><strong>Artifact sources:</strong> Muscle (EMG) — overwhelms gamma and high-beta; eye movement (EOG); cardiac (ECG); electrode contact; environmental EMI (50/60 Hz)</div>
      <div class="sc-row"><strong>Volume conduction problem:</strong> A signal at any electrode reflects contributions from a wide cortical area, not just the region underneath. Spatial resolution ~2–3 cm at best without source localization</div>
      <div class="sc-row"><strong>Key uncertainty classes:</strong> <span class="chip ch-a">BA-01</span> <span class="chip ch-a">UA-03</span> <span class="chip ch-b">UB-11</span> <span class="chip ch-b">BB-01</span></div>
    </div>

    <div class="signal-card" style="border-left:3px solid var(--path)">
      <div class="sc-id">BF-02</div>
      <div class="sc-name">EMG Biofeedback</div>
      <div class="sc-row"><strong>Directly measures:</strong> Sum of motor unit action potentials from muscle fibers beneath the surface electrodes (surface EMG)</div>
      <div class="sc-row"><strong>Brain Layer connections:</strong> PW-01 (corticospinal tract) → motor neurons → muscle; BR-05 (motor cortex) drives motor commands; cerebellum BR-10 modulates timing</div>
      <div class="sc-row"><strong>Output effects:</strong> OUT-01 (movement), OUT-02 (balance), pelvic floor, tension headache (trapezius/frontalis)</div>
      <div class="sc-row"><strong>Evidence level:</strong> <span class="chip ev-a">Level A</span> for targeted motor rehabilitation, tension headaches, pelvic floor dysfunction</div>
      <div class="sc-row"><strong>Mechanism clarity:</strong> Highest of all biofeedback modalities. Signal → muscle = clear causal chain. Brain-level mechanism still requires caution for broader claims.</div>
      <div class="sc-row"><strong>Artifact sources:</strong> Movement artifact, cross-talk from adjacent muscles, electrode placement precision</div>
      <div class="sc-row"><strong>Key uncertainty classes:</strong> <span class="chip ch-b">BB-02</span> (cross-talk) <span class="chip ch-a">UA-03</span> (motor network distribution)</div>
    </div>

    <div class="signal-card" style="border-left:3px solid var(--loop)">
      <div class="sc-id">BF-03</div>
      <div class="sc-name">HRV Biofeedback</div>
      <div class="sc-row"><strong>Directly measures:</strong> Inter-beat interval variability of the cardiac cycle (R-R intervals from ECG or photoplethysmography)</div>
      <div class="sc-row"><strong>Does NOT directly measure:</strong> Brain activity; brain region activity; autonomic nerve firing rates directly</div>
      <div class="sc-row"><strong>Physiological chain:</strong> BR-11 (brainstem autonomic nuclei) → BR-13 (hypothalamus) → PW-07 (autonomic pathways) → vagus nerve / sympathetic chain → sinoatrial node → heart rate variability</div>
      <div class="sc-row"><strong>Causal distance:</strong> 5–7 steps from brainstem to sensor. Each step has its own variability and uncertainty.</div>
      <div class="sc-row"><strong>Resonant frequency:</strong> ~0.1 Hz (~6 breaths/min) maximizes respiratory sinus arrhythmia and baroreflex sensitivity amplitude</div>
      <div class="sc-row"><strong>Output effects:</strong> OUT-12 (emotional regulation), OUT-13 (autonomic regulation), OUT-14 (breathing)</div>
      <div class="sc-row"><strong>Evidence level:</strong> <span class="chip ev-b">Level B</span> for anxiety, stress, hypertension — better than most neurofeedback</div>
      <div class="sc-row"><strong>Key uncertainty classes:</strong> <span class="chip ch-a">BA-03</span> <span class="chip ch-a">UA-07</span> <span class="chip ch-b">UB-06</span> (medication alters HRV substantially)</div>
    </div>

    <div class="signal-card" style="border-left:3px solid var(--func)">
      <div class="sc-id">BF-04</div>
      <div class="sc-name">GSR / EDA Biofeedback</div>
      <div class="sc-row"><strong>Directly measures:</strong> Skin conductance — eccrine sweat gland activity driven by sympathetic cholinergic innervation</div>
      <div class="sc-row"><strong>Does NOT directly measure:</strong> Specific emotions; anxiety vs. excitement; cognitive load vs. arousal — EDA is non-specific to valence</div>
      <div class="sc-row"><strong>Physiological chain:</strong> BR-13 (hypothalamus) → sympathetic chain → sweat gland secretion → skin conductance</div>
      <div class="sc-row"><strong>Critical limitation:</strong> EDA responds to any arousing stimulus regardless of emotional valence. Cannot distinguish stress from excitement from startle from physical exertion.</div>
      <div class="sc-row"><strong>Output effects:</strong> OUT-13 (autonomic, very indirect)</div>
      <div class="sc-row"><strong>Evidence level:</strong> <span class="chip ev-c">Level C</span> for biofeedback clinical applications — primarily a research/exploratory tool</div>
      <div class="sc-row"><strong>Key uncertainty classes:</strong> <span class="chip ch-a">BA-04</span> <span class="chip ch-b">BB-06</span> (temperature artifact) <span class="chip ch-b">UB-06</span></div>
      <div class="sc-row"><strong>Overclaim risk:</strong> <span class="chip ch-block">HIGH</span> — "stress level," "emotional state," "lie detection" claims are all overreaches</div>
    </div>

    <div class="signal-card" style="border-left:3px solid var(--allow)">
      <div class="sc-id">BF-05</div>
      <div class="sc-name">Respiratory Biofeedback</div>
      <div class="sc-row"><strong>Directly measures:</strong> Breathing rate, tidal volume, respiratory pattern (via belt, capnography, or nasal thermistor)</div>
      <div class="sc-row"><strong>Physiological chain:</strong> BR-11 (brainstem respiratory centers — pre-Bötzinger complex, pons) → respiratory muscles → airflow · voluntary cortical override via BR-01 (frontal)</div>
      <div class="sc-row"><strong>Output effects:</strong> OUT-14 (breathing/heart-rate), OUT-13 (autonomic, secondary via CO₂/pH effects)</div>
      <div class="sc-row"><strong>Evidence level:</strong> <span class="chip ev-a">Level A–B</span> for anxiety, asthma, hypertension, vocal performance</div>
      <div class="sc-row"><strong>Mechanism clarity:</strong> High — direct voluntary control of breathing is well-established; downstream autonomic effects via CO₂/pH and baroreflex are well-characterized</div>
      <div class="sc-row"><strong>Key uncertainty classes:</strong> <span class="chip ch-b">BB-07</span> (sensor placement) <span class="chip ch-a">UA-07</span> (context-dependence)</div>
    </div>

    <div class="signal-card" style="border-left:3px solid var(--neu)">
      <div class="sc-id">BF-06</div>
      <div class="sc-name">Temperature Biofeedback</div>
      <div class="sc-row"><strong>Directly measures:</strong> Peripheral skin temperature — typically finger pad via thermistor</div>
      <div class="sc-row"><strong>Physiological chain:</strong> BR-13 (hypothalamus) → sympathetic vasomotor pathways → peripheral arteriole smooth muscle → vasoconstriction / dilation → skin temperature</div>
      <div class="sc-row"><strong>Output effects:</strong> OUT-13 (autonomic — peripheral vasomotor control)</div>
      <div class="sc-row"><strong>Evidence level:</strong> <span class="chip ev-a">Level A</span> for Raynaud's disease; <span class="chip ev-b">Level B</span> for peripheral vascular migraine trigger</div>
      <div class="sc-row"><strong>Mechanism:</strong> Learned relaxation of sympathetic vasoconstriction → vasodilation → warming. Relatively specific for peripheral vasomotor tone.</div>
      <div class="sc-row"><strong>Key uncertainty classes:</strong> <span class="chip ch-b">BB-06</span> (ambient temperature confound) <span class="chip ch-a">UA-07</span></div>
    </div>

    <div class="signal-card" style="border-left:3px solid var(--bf)">
      <div class="sc-id">BF-07</div>
      <div class="sc-name">fNIRS Biofeedback</div>
      <div class="sc-row"><strong>Directly measures:</strong> Hemodynamic response (oxyHb / deoxyHb concentration changes) via near-infrared light absorption in superficial cortex</div>
      <div class="sc-row"><strong>Relative advantage over EEG:</strong> More spatially localized to cortical surface; no volume conduction across skull for hemodynamic signal; portable</div>
      <div class="sc-row"><strong>Key limits:</strong> Only samples superficial cortex (~1–2 cm depth); hemodynamic response is slower (seconds) than neural events (milliseconds); motion artifact; hair/melanin affects signal</div>
      <div class="sc-row"><strong>Evidence level:</strong> <span class="rv">REVIEW_REQUIRED</span> — newer modality; limited biofeedback-specific controlled trials</div>
      <div class="sc-row"><strong>Key uncertainty classes:</strong> <span class="chip ch-a">BA-01</span> <span class="chip ch-b">UB-04</span> <span class="chip ch-b">BB-08</span> (melanin/hair interference)</div>
    </div>

    <div class="signal-card" style="border-left:3px solid var(--caution)">
      <div class="sc-id">BF-08</div>
      <div class="sc-name">Blood Pressure Biofeedback</div>
      <div class="sc-row"><strong>Directly measures:</strong> Systolic / diastolic blood pressure (continuous or intermittent)</div>
      <div class="sc-row"><strong>Physiological chain:</strong> Cardiac output × total peripheral resistance → multiple central (BR-11, BR-13) and peripheral regulatory mechanisms</div>
      <div class="sc-row"><strong>Limitation:</strong> Blood pressure is the output of a very distributed regulatory system; many steps from central brain structures; hard to attribute changes to specific mechanisms</div>
      <div class="sc-row"><strong>Evidence level:</strong> <span class="rv">REVIEW_REQUIRED</span> — some evidence for hypertension as adjunct therapy; not a primary biofeedback modality in most frameworks</div>
      <div class="sc-row"><strong>Key uncertainty classes:</strong> <span class="chip ch-a">UA-03</span> <span class="chip ch-b">UB-06</span> <span class="chip ch-b">BB-07</span></div>
    </div>

  </div>
</div>

<hr class="div-rule">

<!-- ════════════════════════════════════════════════════ -->
<!-- SECTION 4: TRAINING LEVEL TAXONOMY -->
<!-- ════════════════════════════════════════════════════ -->
<div class="section">
  <div class="section-num">Section 4</div>
  <div class="section-title">Training Level <em>Taxonomy</em> — The Distance Problem</div>
  <div class="section-body">
    <p>The most important governance concept in this layer. Every biofeedback outcome claim must be classified by its training level. Demonstrating Level 1 does not validate any higher level. Most overclaiming in biofeedback occurs when Level 1 evidence is used to assert Level 3 or Level 4 outcomes. Each level requires its own separate validation.</p>
  </div>

  <div class="tl-grid">
    <div class="tl-card tl-1">
      <div class="tl-card-num">1</div>
      <div class="tl-card-title">Within-Session State Change</div>
      <div class="tl-card-body">
        The signal feature changes during a feedback session. The person can modulate the metric in real time.<br><br>
        Most easily demonstrated.<br>
        Does NOT establish: skill, generalization, or neural mechanism.
      </div>
      <div class="tl-ev" style="background:var(--allow-bg);color:var(--allow);border:1px solid var(--allow-border)">Easiest to demonstrate</div>
    </div>
    <div class="tl-card tl-2">
      <div class="tl-card-num">2</div>
      <div class="tl-card-title">Between-Session Skill Acquisition</div>
      <div class="tl-card-body">
        Modulation ability improves across multiple sessions. Signal change persists into adjacent time periods (not just during feedback).<br><br>
        Requires: multiple sessions, control for practice/regression to mean.<br>
        Does NOT establish: daily-life transfer or mechanism.
      </div>
      <div class="tl-ev" style="background:var(--caution-bg);color:var(--caution);border:1px solid var(--caution-border)">Requires controlled design</div>
    </div>
    <div class="tl-card tl-3">
      <div class="tl-card-num">3</div>
      <div class="tl-card-title">Transfer / Generalization</div>
      <div class="tl-card-body">
        Acquired skill transfers to daily-life function. A behavioral or functional outcome improves in ecological validity conditions, without the feedback device.<br><br>
        Requires: ecological outcome measures, follow-up, comparator group.<br>
        Does NOT establish: neural mechanism of transfer.
      </div>
      <div class="tl-ev" style="background:var(--func-bg);color:var(--func);border:1px solid var(--func-border)">Clinical claims require Level 3</div>
    </div>
    <div class="tl-card tl-4">
      <div class="tl-card-num">4</div>
      <div class="tl-card-title">Neural Mechanism Confirmation</div>
      <div class="tl-card-body">
        The neural substrate underlying the clinical change is identified. Requires neuroimaging or electrophysiology before and after training, in controlled conditions, with preregistered hypotheses.<br><br>
        Rarely demonstrated. Often assumed. Cannot be inferred from Levels 1–3.
      </div>
      <div class="tl-ev" style="background:var(--unc-b-bg);color:var(--unc-b);border:1px solid var(--unc-b-border)">Almost never established</div>
    </div>
  </div>

  <div class="callout">
    <strong>The training level rule (R-18):</strong> Any clinical or therapeutic claim about biofeedback must explicitly state which training level it demonstrates. A claim supported by Level 1 evidence may not be presented as a Level 3 or Level 4 outcome. This applies to protocol descriptions, marketing materials, and clinical notes generated by or using this system.
  </div>
</div>

<hr class="div-rule">

<!-- ════════════════════════════════════════════════════ -->
<!-- SECTION 5: PROTOCOL REGISTRY -->
<!-- ════════════════════════════════════════════════════ -->
<div class="section">
  <div class="section-num">Section 5</div>
  <div class="section-title"><em>Protocol Registry</em></div>

  <table>
    <thead>
      <tr><th>Protocol ID</th><th>Name</th><th>Signal</th><th>Target</th><th>Brain Layer Links</th><th>Evidence Level</th><th>Training Level Evidence</th><th>Overclaim Risk</th></tr>
    </thead>
    <tbody>
      <tr>
        <td class="td-key">BP-01</td>
        <td class="td-sm"><strong>SMR / Theta-Beta</strong><br>Neurofeedback</td>
        <td class="td-sm">BF-01 (EEG)<br>SMR ↑ (12–15 Hz) at C3/Cz/C4<br>Theta ↓ at Fz</td>
        <td class="td-sm">Attention · impulse regulation</td>
        <td class="td-sm">BR-05 (indirect), OUT-10, OUT-11</td>
        <td><span class="chip ev-b">Level B</span></td>
        <td class="td-sm">Level 1–2 demonstrated; Level 3 contested; Level 4 not established</td>
        <td><span class="chip ch-block">High</span> — "trains the ADHD brain" not established; mechanism unconfirmed</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td class="td-key">BP-02</td>
        <td class="td-sm"><strong>Alpha Enhancement</strong><br>Neurofeedback</td>
        <td class="td-sm">BF-01 (EEG)<br>Alpha ↑ (8–12 Hz)<br>Typically Pz or Oz</td>
        <td class="td-sm">Relaxation · anxiety reduction</td>
        <td class="td-sm">BR-07 (visual alpha suppression), BR-01 (frontal alpha), OUT-12</td>
        <td><span class="chip ev-c">Level C</span></td>
        <td class="td-sm">Level 1 demonstrated; Level 3 insufficient; Level 4 absent</td>
        <td><span class="chip ch-warn">Medium</span> — "creativity enhancement" claims not established; relaxation ≠ alpha alone</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td class="td-key">BP-03</td>
        <td class="td-sm"><strong>Slow Cortical Potential</strong><br>Neurofeedback (SCP)</td>
        <td class="td-sm">BF-01 (EEG)<br>Slow cortical potential direction (positive/negative shifts)</td>
        <td class="td-sm">Cortical excitability · ADHD · epilepsy</td>
        <td class="td-sm">BR-01 (excitability), OUT-10, OUT-11</td>
        <td><span class="chip ev-b">Level B</span></td>
        <td class="td-sm">Level 1–2 demonstrated; Level 3 evidence for ADHD and epilepsy exists but limited</td>
        <td><span class="chip ch-warn">Medium</span> — Better mechanistic model than frequency-based; still requires careful clinical context</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td class="td-key">BP-04</td>
        <td class="td-sm"><strong>Frontal Alpha Asymmetry</strong><br>Neurofeedback</td>
        <td class="td-sm">BF-01 (EEG)<br>F4 alpha − F3 alpha asymmetry</td>
        <td class="td-sm">Emotional regulation · approach motivation</td>
        <td class="td-sm">BR-01 (prefrontal), OUT-12</td>
        <td><span class="chip ev-ins">Insufficient</span></td>
        <td class="td-sm">Based on group-level EEG emotion research; individual-level application not validated</td>
        <td><span class="chip ch-block">High</span> — "Training emotional states" claim not established; R-08 applies (group finding ≠ individual proof)</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td class="td-key">BP-05</td>
        <td class="td-sm"><strong>LORETA Neurofeedback</strong></td>
        <td class="td-sm">BF-01 (EEG)<br>Source-localized current density estimate</td>
        <td class="td-sm">Region-specific neurofeedback</td>
        <td class="td-sm">Any BR target (source localization dependent); adds UA-04 to all inherited uncertainty</td>
        <td><span class="chip ev-ins">Very limited</span></td>
        <td class="td-sm">Source localization adds inverse problem uncertainty; Level 4 claim more pronounced but evidence weaker</td>
        <td><span class="chip ch-block">High</span> — "Directly targeting hippocampus" or "directly training amygdala" overclaims source localization certainty substantially</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td class="td-key">BP-06</td>
        <td class="td-sm"><strong>HRV Resonance</strong><br>Biofeedback</td>
        <td class="td-sm">BF-03 (HRV)<br>Resonant frequency breathing (~0.1 Hz)</td>
        <td class="td-sm">Autonomic regulation · stress · anxiety</td>
        <td class="td-sm">PW-07, BR-11, BR-13, OUT-12, OUT-13</td>
        <td><span class="chip ev-b">Level B</span></td>
        <td class="td-sm">Level 2–3 evidence for anxiety, hypertension; mechanism partially understood (baroreflex, RSA)</td>
        <td><span class="chip ch-warn">Medium</span> — Cardiac signal ≠ brain state; medication effects on HRV must be documented</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td class="td-key">BP-07</td>
        <td class="td-sm"><strong>EMG Biofeedback</strong><br>(targeted)</td>
        <td class="td-sm">BF-02 (EMG)<br>Specific muscle group amplitude</td>
        <td class="td-sm">Motor rehabilitation · tension · pelvic floor</td>
        <td class="td-sm">PW-01, BR-05, BR-10, OUT-01, OUT-02</td>
        <td><span class="chip ev-a">Level A</span></td>
        <td class="td-sm">Level 3 demonstrated for targeted applications; mechanism clear at neuromuscular level</td>
        <td><span class="chip ch-ok">Low (for targeted applications)</span> — Signal-muscle causal chain clear; brain-level claims still need caution</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td class="td-key">BP-08</td>
        <td class="td-sm"><strong>Respiratory</strong><br>Biofeedback</td>
        <td class="td-sm">BF-05 (Respiratory)<br>Rate, pattern, tidal volume</td>
        <td class="td-sm">Anxiety · asthma · hypertension · vocal</td>
        <td class="td-sm">BR-11, OUT-14, OUT-13 (secondary)</td>
        <td><span class="chip ev-a">Level A–B</span></td>
        <td class="td-sm">Level 3 demonstrated; mechanism via CO₂/pH and baroreflex well-supported</td>
        <td><span class="chip ch-ok">Low–Medium</span> — Direct voluntary control; downstream claims need separate evidence</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td class="td-key">BP-09</td>
        <td class="td-sm"><strong>Temperature</strong><br>Biofeedback</td>
        <td class="td-sm">BF-06 (Temperature)<br>Finger temperature increase</td>
        <td class="td-sm">Raynaud's · migraine (peripheral)</td>
        <td class="td-sm">BR-13, sympathetic vasomotor, OUT-13</td>
        <td><span class="chip ev-a">Level A</span> Raynaud's<br><span class="chip ev-b">Level B</span> migraine</td>
        <td class="td-sm">Level 3 demonstrated for Raynaud's; mechanism via sympathetic vasomotor tone clear</td>
        <td><span class="chip ch-ok">Low (for designated applications)</span> — Vasoconstriction mechanism well-characterized for target applications</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td class="td-key">BP-10</td>
        <td class="td-sm"><strong>GSR / EDA</strong><br>Biofeedback</td>
        <td class="td-sm">BF-04 (GSR)<br>Skin conductance level</td>
        <td class="td-sm">Arousal reduction</td>
        <td class="td-sm">BR-13, sympathetic arousal</td>
        <td><span class="chip ev-c">Level C</span></td>
        <td class="td-sm">Level 1 demonstrated; clinical Level 3 evidence is weak; primarily research tool</td>
        <td><span class="chip ch-block">High</span> — EDA cannot distinguish emotional valence; arousal ≠ stress; emotional state inference blocked by R-07</td>
      </tr>
    </tbody>
  </table>
</div>

<hr class="div-rule">

<!-- ════════════════════════════════════════════════════ -->
<!-- SECTION 6: EXTENDED UNCERTAINTY TAXONOMY -->
<!-- ════════════════════════════════════════════════════ -->
<div class="section">
  <div class="section-num">Section 6</div>
  <div class="section-title">Extended <em>Uncertainty Taxonomy</em> — Biofeedback-Specific Classes</div>
  <div class="section-body">
    <p>These classes extend the Brain Layer uncertainty taxonomy (UA-01–09 and UB-01–13). The same rule applies: no uncertainty class may raise confidence or become positive evidence. Brain Layer inherited classes are referenced by their original IDs.</p>
  </div>

  <div class="unc-grid">
    <div class="unc-card uc-a">
      <div class="unc-card-title" style="color:var(--unc-a)">BA Classes — Biofeedback Neurophysical Unknowns</div>
      <div class="unc-card-body">
        Unknowns arising from the neurophysiology of the training process itself — not from data quality.
      </div>
    </div>
    <div class="unc-card uc-b">
      <div class="unc-card-title" style="color:var(--unc-b)">BB Classes — Biofeedback Measurement Unknowns</div>
      <div class="unc-card-body">
        Unknowns arising from signal quality, sensor placement, environmental conditions, or processing choices in the biofeedback system.
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>

  <table>
    <thead><tr><th>Class ID</th><th>Class</th><th>Cat.</th><th>Effect on interpretation</th><th>May suspend?</th><th>May raise confidence?</th></tr></thead>
    <tbody>
      <tr><td class="td-key">BA-01</td><td class="td-sm">training_mechanism_unconfirmed</td><td><span class="chip ch-a">BA</span></td><td class="td-sm">Whether feedback training changed the target neural substrate is unconfirmed (Training Level 4 not established)</td><td>No — but caps interpretation at Training Level ≤ 3</td><td style="color:var(--unc-b);font-weight:600">Never</td></tr>
      <tr><td class="td-key">BA-02</td><td class="td-sm">generalization_unvalidated</td><td><span class="chip ch-a">BA</span></td><td class="td-sm">Whether within-session signal change transfers to daily-life function is not established (Training Level 3 not demonstrated)</td><td>Yes — blocks clinical effectiveness claims</td><td style="color:var(--unc-b);font-weight:600">Never</td></tr>
      <tr><td class="td-key">BA-03</td><td class="td-sm">operant_conditioning_vs_neural_change</td><td><span class="chip ch-a">BA</span></td><td class="td-sm">Cannot distinguish whether effect is driven by operant reinforcement, relaxation response, expectancy, or direct neural modulation</td><td>No</td><td style="color:var(--unc-b);font-weight:600">Never</td></tr>
      <tr><td class="td-key">BA-04</td><td class="td-sm">target_signal_nonspecific</td><td><span class="chip ch-a">BA</span></td><td class="td-sm">The trained signal feature (e.g., alpha power, EDA) is influenced by multiple neural and non-neural processes simultaneously; cannot be attributed to one brain region or mechanism</td><td>No</td><td style="color:var(--unc-b);font-weight:600">Never</td></tr>
      <tr><td class="td-key">BA-05</td><td class="td-sm">within_session_variability_high</td><td><span class="chip ch-a">BA</span></td><td class="td-sm">Signal feature varies substantially within a session due to state fluctuations, not protocol response; single-session outcome unreliable</td><td>No</td><td style="color:var(--unc-b);font-weight:600">Never</td></tr>
      <tr><td class="td-key">BA-06</td><td class="td-sm">between_session_variability_high</td><td><span class="chip ch-a">BA</span></td><td class="td-sm">Session-to-session baseline variation exceeds training effect size; learning trend not distinguishable from noise without adequate controls</td><td>Yes</td><td style="color:var(--unc-b);font-weight:600">Never</td></tr>
      <tr><td class="td-key">BA-07</td><td class="td-sm">feedback_demand_characteristics</td><td><span class="chip ch-a">BA</span></td><td class="td-sm">Person may alter behavior based on perceived expectations of the feedback task, not the specific physiological signal being trained; confounds training interpretation</td><td>No</td><td style="color:var(--unc-b);font-weight:600">Never</td></tr>
      <tr style="background:var(--bg2)"><td colspan="6" style="font-family:var(--mono);font-size:8.5px;color:var(--unc-b);padding:4px 9px;letter-spacing:1px">CATEGORY BB — BIOFEEDBACK MEASUREMENT UNKNOWNS</td></tr>
      <tr><td class="td-key">BB-01</td><td class="td-sm">electrode_impedance_elevated</td><td><span class="chip ch-b">BB</span></td><td class="td-sm">High scalp-electrode impedance reduces signal fidelity and increases noise floor; results unreliable if impedance >5 kΩ for most EEG systems</td><td>Yes</td><td style="color:var(--unc-b);font-weight:600">Never</td></tr>
      <tr><td class="td-key">BB-02</td><td class="td-sm">emg_crosstalk</td><td><span class="chip ch-b">BB</span></td><td class="td-sm">EMG signal from adjacent muscles contaminates target muscle recording; muscle specificity claim invalid</td><td>Yes</td><td style="color:var(--unc-b);font-weight:600">Never</td></tr>
      <tr><td class="td-key">BB-03</td><td class="td-sm">reference_electrode_placement_variable</td><td><span class="chip ch-b">BB</span></td><td class="td-sm">EEG signal is always a differential measurement; reference placement substantially affects power spectra; must be documented</td><td>No</td><td style="color:var(--unc-b);font-weight:600">Never</td></tr>
      <tr><td class="td-key">BB-04</td><td class="td-sm">filter_settings_alter_signal</td><td><span class="chip ch-b">BB</span></td><td class="td-sm">High-pass, low-pass, and notch filter settings change apparent band power; identical protocol on different devices/settings produces different results</td><td>No</td><td style="color:var(--unc-b);font-weight:600">Never</td></tr>
      <tr><td class="td-key">BB-05</td><td class="td-sm">baseline_drift</td><td><span class="chip ch-b">BB</span></td><td class="td-sm">Slow DC drift in signal baseline during session causes apparent power changes unrelated to training; particularly affects slow cortical potential protocols</td><td>Conditional</td><td style="color:var(--unc-b);font-weight:600">Never</td></tr>
      <tr><td class="td-key">BB-06</td><td class="td-sm">temperature_ambient_confound</td><td><span class="chip ch-b">BB</span></td><td class="td-sm">Ambient room temperature independently affects finger temperature and EDA; must be controlled and documented</td><td>Conditional</td><td style="color:var(--unc-b);font-weight:600">Never</td></tr>
      <tr><td class="td-key">BB-07</td><td class="td-sm">sensor_placement_not_standardized</td><td><span class="chip ch-b">BB</span></td><td class="td-sm">Electrode/sensor placement deviates from protocol specification; cannot compare results across sessions</td><td>Yes</td><td style="color:var(--unc-b);font-weight:600">Never</td></tr>
      <tr><td class="td-key">BB-08</td><td class="td-sm">hair_melanin_fnirs_interference</td><td><span class="chip ch-b">BB</span></td><td class="td-sm">Hair thickness and melanin concentration substantially affect fNIRS signal quality; must be assessed per individual</td><td>Conditional</td><td style="color:var(--unc-b);font-weight:600">Never</td></tr>
      <tr><td class="td-key">BB-09</td><td class="td-sm">cognitive_demand_confound</td><td><span class="chip ch-b">BB</span></td><td class="td-sm">The act of watching and responding to the feedback display itself changes the signal (e.g., frontal theta from working memory load); cannot isolate training from feedback-task demands</td><td>No</td><td style="color:var(--unc-b);font-weight:600">Never</td></tr>
    </tbody>
  </table>
</div>

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<!-- ════════════════════════════════════════════════════ -->
<!-- SECTION 7: SCHEMA EXTENSION -->
<!-- ════════════════════════════════════════════════════ -->
<div class="section">
  <div class="section-num">Section 7</div>
  <div class="section-title">Schema <em>Extension</em> — Biofeedback Feature Record</div>
  <div class="section-body">
    <p>This extends the Brain Layer v0.1 typed schema. Biofeedback records inherit all Brain Layer fields and add the following. The <code>training_level_demonstrated</code> field is required for all protocol-linked records and defaults to 1 (within-session only).</p>
  </div>

  <pre><span class="c">// Biofeedback extension fields — appended to Brain Layer v0.1 schema</span>
{
  <span class="c">// --- Signal and Protocol ---</span>
  <span class="k">"signal_id"</span>:                  <span class="b">"enum    // BF-01 through BF-08"</span>,
  <span class="k">"protocol_id"</span>:                <span class="b">"enum    // BP-01 through BP-10 | custom | null"</span>,
  <span class="k">"electrode_placement"</span>:        <span class="b">"string  // 10-20 system label(s) or anatomical description"</span>,
  <span class="k">"frequency_band_target"</span>:      <span class="b">"string | null  // e.g. alpha 8-12Hz | SMR 12-15Hz | null for non-EEG"</span>,
  <span class="k">"feedback_metric"</span>:           <span class="b">"string  // the specific scalar feature being fed back, labeled precisely"</span>,
  <span class="k">"feedback_display_type"</span>:     <span class="b">"enum    // auditory_tone | visual_graph | animation | number | reward_token | other"</span>,

  <span class="c">// --- Session Provenance ---</span>
  <span class="k">"session_number"</span>:            <span class="b">"int     // session number in protocol sequence"</span>,
  <span class="k">"session_duration_min"</span>:      <span class="b">"int"</span>,
  <span class="k">"electrode_impedance_kohm"</span>:   <span class="b">"float | null  // if EEG; flag BB-01 if >5 kΩ"</span>,
  <span class="k">"device_make_model"</span>:         <span class="b">"string | null"</span>,
  <span class="k">"software_version"</span>:          <span class="b">"string | null  // flag UB-12 if unknown"</span>,
  <span class="k">"filter_settings"</span>:           <span class="b">"string | null  // highpass, lowpass, notch — flag BB-04 if undocumented"</span>,
  <span class="k">"reference_placement"</span>:       <span class="b">"string | null  // flag BB-03 if undocumented"</span>,
  <span class="k">"ambient_temperature_c"</span>:     <span class="b">"float | null  // flag BB-06 if undocumented for temp/EDA protocols"</span>,

  <span class="c">// --- Training Level Classification ---</span>
  <span class="k">"training_level_demonstrated"</span>: <span class="b">"int    // 1=within-session | 2=skill acquisition | 3=generalization | 4=mechanism; DEFAULT 1"</span>,
  <span class="k">"training_level_evidence_source"</span>: <span class="b">"string | null  // citation or study reference for claimed level"</span>,
  <span class="k">"claimed_level_validated"</span>:    <span class="b">"bool   // false = training level claim not yet validated by cited evidence"</span>,

  <span class="c">// --- Biofeedback Uncertainty (extends brain layer) ---</span>
  <span class="k">"biofeedback_unknown_class"</span>:  <span class="b">"enum[]  // BA-01 through BA-07 | none"</span>,
  <span class="k">"biofeedback_measurement_class"</span>: <span class="b">"enum[]  // BB-01 through BB-09 | none"</span>,
  <span class="k">"volume_conduction_applies"</span>:  <span class="b">"bool   // true for all scalp EEG records — BA-04 is active"</span>,
  <span class="k">"generalization_evidence"</span>:    <span class="b">"enum    // absent | anecdotal | weak | moderate | strong"</span>,
  <span class="k">"mechanism_evidence"</span>:         <span class="b">"enum    // absent | proposed | preliminary | supported | confirmed"</span>,

  <span class="c">// --- Inherited scoring gates (override inherited defaults) ---</span>
  <span class="k">"training_level_claim_valid"</span>:  <span class="e">"bool   // false until training_level_demonstrated ≥ 3 with cited evidence"</span>,
  <span class="k">"person_level_claim_blocked"</span>:  <span class="e">"bool   // inherited from brain layer; always evaluate independently of signal change"</span>
}</pre>
</div>

<hr class="div-rule">

<!-- ════════════════════════════════════════════════════ -->
<!-- SECTION 8: HIR RULES R-13 through R-22 -->
<!-- ════════════════════════════════════════════════════ -->
<div class="section">
  <div class="section-num">Section 8</div>
  <div class="section-title">HIR-Safe Rule Set — <em>R-13 through R-22</em></div>
  <div class="section-body">
    <p>These rules extend Brain Layer rules R-01 through R-12. All Brain Layer rules remain active and are not repeated here. Rules R-07 (no person-level inference) and R-05 (structure ≠ function) are especially relevant to biofeedback and are inherited unconditionally.</p>
  </div>

  <div class="rule-block rb-block">
    <div class="rb-label">R-13 — A within-session signal change is not a confirmed training outcome</div>
    <div class="rb-content">training_level_demonstrated must be set to 1 (within-session) by default for any biofeedback session record. Claims of Training Level 2, 3, or 4 require: (Level 2) multiple sessions with documented baselines and controlled practice effects; (Level 3) ecological outcome measures and follow-up data; (Level 4) pre/post neuroimaging or electrophysiology with preregistered analysis. No level may be inferred from data supporting a lower level.</div>
  </div>

  <div class="rule-block rb-block">
    <div class="rb-label">R-14 — A biofeedback signal is not a direct measurement of the associated brain region</div>
    <div class="rb-content">All scalp EEG records must carry volume_conduction_applies = true and BA-04 (target_signal_nonspecific). A statement such as "training the hippocampus" or "measuring amygdala activity via EEG" is architecturally invalid unless source localization has been applied, validated, and appropriately caveated with the inverse problem uncertainty. Even with source localization, the indirect mapping claim must carry UA-03 (multi-region dependency) and BA-01 (training_mechanism_unconfirmed).</div>
  </div>

  <div class="rule-block rb-block">
    <div class="rb-label">R-15 — A signal change does not establish its mechanism</div>
    <div class="rb-content">Demonstrating that alpha power increased during a session does not establish that: (a) the person learned to relax; (b) a specific cortical area changed its activity; (c) the change was due to the biofeedback rather than relaxation, expectancy, or time-on-task. mechanism_evidence must be set to "absent" by default and may only be upgraded with cited pre/post mechanistic evidence. BA-03 (operant_conditioning_vs_neural_change) applies to all protocols without mechanism evidence.</div>
  </div>

  <div class="rule-block rb-block">
    <div class="rb-label">R-16 — Evidence levels may not be transferred across protocols</div>
    <div class="rb-content">Evidence for one biofeedback protocol (e.g., Level A evidence for EMG in motor rehabilitation) may not be cited as evidence for a different protocol (e.g., neurofeedback for ADHD). Evidence classifications in Section 5 apply per protocol, per application, and per target population. Citing EMG evidence to support EEG neurofeedback claims is architecturally invalid.</div>
  </div>

  <div class="rule-block rb-caution">
    <div class="rb-label">R-17 — Electrode impedance, sensor placement, and device parameters must be documented</div>
    <div class="rb-content">If electrode_impedance_kohm is null or >5 kΩ for EEG records, BB-01 must be active and interpretation_status must be set to "caution" or lower. If device_make_model, software_version, filter_settings, or reference_placement are null, UB-12 and BB-04/BB-03 must be active. Protocol records with undocumented acquisition parameters may not be used to support any claim above Training Level 1.</div>
  </div>

  <div class="rule-block rb-caution">
    <div class="rb-label">R-18 — Training level must be explicitly stated for all protocol outcome claims</div>
    <div class="rb-content">Any output that describes a biofeedback outcome — in a report, a session note, a clinical recommendation, or a system output — must explicitly state which training level the evidence supports. Implicit claims that conflate within-session modulation with clinical generalization are architecturally invalid. See Section 4 for the full training level taxonomy.</div>
  </div>

  <div class="rule-block rb-block">
    <div class="rb-label">R-19 — Non-specific signals may not be used to infer specific emotional or cognitive states</div>
    <div class="rb-content">EDA/GSR (BF-04) may not be labeled as measuring "stress," "anxiety," "relaxation," "attention," or any specific emotional or cognitive state. EDA reflects sympathetic arousal, which is non-specific to valence and influenced by temperature, movement, skin condition, and medication. Any system output that converts an EDA signal into a labeled emotional state is in violation of this rule. BA-04 and R-07 both apply.</div>
  </div>

  <div class="rule-block rb-block">
    <div class="rb-label">R-20 — Biofeedback signal changes may not be used for diagnostic classification</div>
    <div class="rb-content">A biofeedback signal pattern — including EEG band ratios, HRV metrics, EDA profiles, or temperature curves — may not be used to classify, suggest, confirm, or imply a psychiatric or neurological diagnosis. This includes but is not limited to: "ADHD profile," "anxiety signature," "depression pattern," "autism indicator," "PTSD response." Brain Layer R-06 (no diagnosis without clinical validation) applies independently, and R-07 (no person-level inference) applies unconditionally.</div>
  </div>

  <div class="rule-block rb-caution">
    <div class="rb-label">R-21 — Feedback display language must not encode overclaims</div>
    <div class="rb-content">The label, description, or narration of the feedback display at FL-5 must accurately reflect what is being measured, not what the signal is commonly claimed to represent. "Your relaxation level" is invalid for an alpha power display because alpha power is not relaxation. "Your focus score" is invalid for a theta/beta ratio display because the ratio is a spectral metric, not a validated focus measure. Permitted labeling: "Alpha band power at Pz," "Theta/Beta ratio at Fz," "Heart rate variability (SDNN)." Integrity gate applies at every display cycle.</div>
  </div>

  <div class="rule-block rb-block">
    <div class="rb-label">R-22 — Session-to-session variability must be documented; regression to mean is a confound</div>
    <div class="rb-content">Apparent improvement across biofeedback sessions may reflect statistical regression to mean, natural symptom fluctuation, practice effects, or expectancy — not biofeedback training. BA-06 (between_session_variability_high) must be evaluated at each session milestone. Without a sham/control condition, progressive improvement across sessions cannot be attributed to the biofeedback signal modulation specifically. This constraint does not prevent use of biofeedback — it constrains claims about what the improvement establishes.</div>
  </div>
</div>

<hr class="div-rule">

<!-- ════════════════════════════════════════════════════ -->
<!-- SECTION 9: STAGED INGEST PLAN -->
<!-- ════════════════════════════════════════════════════ -->
<div class="section">
  <div class="section-num">Section 9</div>
  <div class="section-title">Staged <em>Ingest Plan</em> — Building on Brain Layer</div>

  <div class="stage-row">
    <div class="stage-num">Pre</div>
    <div class="stage-body">
      <div class="stage-title">Brain Layer v0.1 (prerequisite)</div>
      <div class="stage-source">BR-01–17 · PW-01–09 · OUT-01–14 · UA/UB uncertainty · R-01–12</div>
      <p>The biofeedback layer cannot be built without the brain layer. All brain region, pathway, and output IDs referenced in this layer depend on the brain layer registry being stable first.</p>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="stage-row">
    <div class="stage-num">1</div>
    <div class="stage-body">
      <div class="stage-title">Signal Modality Registry</div>
      <div class="stage-source">BF-01 through BF-08 · proximal/distal mapping · artifact classes</div>
      <p>Define what each signal directly measures. Write the signal-to-brain-layer uncertainty map before any protocol records are created. This is the foundation — getting the "what it actually measures" wrong here propagates into all downstream claims.</p>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="stage-row">
    <div class="stage-num">2</div>
    <div class="stage-body">
      <div class="stage-title">Feedback Loop Architecture</div>
      <div class="stage-source">FL-1 through FL-7 · HIR gate assignment per stage</div>
      <p>Define the engineering of the loop before any protocol definitions. Each stage must have its HIR gate logic specified. Feedback display labeling rules (R-21) must be established before any display text is created.</p>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="stage-row">
    <div class="stage-num">3</div>
    <div class="stage-body">
      <div class="stage-title">Training Level Taxonomy + Evidence Classification</div>
      <div class="stage-source">Levels 1–4 · protocol evidence per application per population</div>
      <p>Before any protocol records are created, the training level taxonomy must be locked. Evidence levels must be assigned per protocol and per application — not per modality in general. BCIA, AAPB, and primary literature citations required for any Level B or above claim.</p>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="stage-row">
    <div class="stage-num">4</div>
    <div class="stage-body">
      <div class="stage-title">Protocol Registry</div>
      <div class="stage-source">BP-01 through BP-10 · brain layer cross-references · overclaim risk classification</div>
      <p>Define each protocol with its signal ID, brain layer links, evidence level, training level evidence, and overclaim risks. No protocol record may assert a Training Level higher than the cited evidence supports.</p>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="stage-row">
    <div class="stage-num">5</div>
    <div class="stage-body">
      <div class="stage-title">Uncertainty Taxonomy Extension</div>
      <div class="stage-source">BA-01–07 · BB-01–09 · integration with inherited UA/UB classes</div>
      <p>Formalize BA and BB uncertainty classes as machine-readable objects. Define which classes are active by default for each signal modality (e.g., BA-04 always active for scalp EEG; BB-06 must be documented for temperature and EDA protocols).</p>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="stage-row">
    <div class="stage-num">6</div>
    <div class="stage-body">
      <div class="stage-title">Schema Extension + Sample Records</div>
      <div class="stage-source">Extended schema validated · 15–20 sample records across all signal types and training levels</div>
      <p>Sample records must include: a fully clean EMG motor record, an EEG record with BB-01 triggered, an HRV record with UB-06 triggered, a protocol record where person_level_claim_blocked = true despite valid signal, and a training_level_demonstrated = 3 record with a cited evidence source.</p>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="stage-row">
    <div class="stage-num">7</div>
    <div class="stage-body">
      <div class="stage-title">Clinical Interface Layer (Conditional)</div>
      <div class="stage-source">Requires Brain Layer Layer 8 prerequisites + qualified clinical biofeedback context</div>
      <p>Same requirements as Brain Layer clinical interpretation layer. Biofeedback-specific addition: requires a BCIA-certified or equivalent clinician responsible for protocol selection and outcome interpretation. Protocol output notes may not be presented directly to clients without clinician review. Cannot be a default layer.</p>
    </div>
  </div>
</div>

<hr class="div-rule">

<!-- ════════════════════════════════════════════════════ -->
<!-- SECTION 10: OSF PACKET RECOMMENDATION -->
<!-- ════════════════════════════════════════════════════ -->
<div class="section">
  <div class="section-num">Section 10</div>
  <div class="section-title">OSF-Ready <em>Packet Recommendation</em></div>

  <div class="tree">
<span class="dir">Primordial_Biofeedback_Layer_v0.1_Collin_D_Weber/</span>
│
├── <span class="dir">000_READ_ME_FIRST.md</span>                  <span class="ann">← scope, boundary, brain layer prerequisite, what this is and is not</span>
├── <span class="dir">001_SCOPE_AND_BOUNDARY.md</span>              <span class="ann">← not clinical, not diagnostic, not a treatment system; training level clarification</span>
├── <span class="dir">002_SIGNAL_REGISTRY.json</span>               <span class="ann">← BF-01–08: what each signal directly measures, distal/proximal mapping, artifact classes</span>
├── <span class="dir">003_FEEDBACK_LOOP_ARCHITECTURE.json</span>    <span class="ann">← FL-1–7: loop stages, HIR gate per stage, what each stage produces and does not establish</span>
├── <span class="dir">004_TRAINING_LEVEL_TAXONOMY.json</span>       <span class="ann">← Levels 1–4: definitions, evidence requirements, example per level</span>
├── <span class="dir">005_PROTOCOL_REGISTRY.json</span>             <span class="ann">← BP-01–10: signal, brain layer links, evidence level, training level evidence, overclaim risk</span>
├── <span class="dir">006_UNCERTAINTY_TAXONOMY_EXTENSION.json</span> <span class="ann">← BA-01–07 and BB-01–09 as typed objects with suspension and confidence rules</span>
├── <span class="dir">007_FEATURE_SCHEMA_EXTENSION_v0.1.json</span> <span class="ann">← biofeedback extension fields appended to brain layer schema</span>
├── <span class="dir">008_HIR_RULE_SET_EXTENSION_v0.1.json</span>   <span class="ann">← R-13 through R-22 as machine-readable rule objects</span>
├── <span class="dir">009_SAMPLE_FEATURE_RECORDS.jsonl</span>       <span class="ann">← 15–20 records: clean EMG, EEG with BB-01, HRV with UB-06, person_level_claim_blocked, training_level_3 cited</span>
├── <span class="dir">010_SIGNAL_TO_BRAINLAYER_MAP.json</span>      <span class="ann">← explicit mapping: each BF signal → BR/PW/OUT IDs with causal_distance and uncertainty_classes per link</span>
├── <span class="dir">011_FEEDBACK_DISPLAY_LABEL_GUIDE.md</span>    <span class="ann">← R-21 implementation: permitted and prohibited feedback display labels per signal modality</span>
├── <span class="dir">012_STAGED_INGEST_PLAN.md</span>              <span class="ann">← stages Pre through 7 with prerequisites</span>
├── <span class="dir">013_VALIDATION_REPORT_TEMPLATE.md</span>      <span class="ann">← per-record and per-session validation checklist</span>
├── <span class="dir">014_MANIFEST.md</span>                        <span class="ann">← file inventory with classification and provenance</span>
└── <span class="dir">015_SHA256_CHECKSUMS.txt</span>               <span class="ann">← checksums for all files</span>
  </div>

  <div class="callout">
    <strong>010_SIGNAL_TO_BRAINLAYER_MAP.json</strong> is the most architecturally important new file in this bundle. It should explicitly encode, for each signal modality: (1) what it directly measures, (2) the causal chain to the most-commonly-associated brain region, (3) the number of causal steps, (4) which uncertainty classes are active at each step, and (5) what claims the signal can and cannot support. This file is the formal expression of R-14.
  </div>
</div>

<hr class="div-rule">

<!-- ════════════════════════════════════════════════════ -->
<!-- SECTION 11: PLAIN LANGUAGE -->
<!-- ════════════════════════════════════════════════════ -->
<div class="section">
  <div class="section-num">Section 11</div>
  <div class="section-title">Plain-Language <em>Explanation</em></div>

  <div class="plain-grid">
    <div class="plain-card" style="border-left:3px solid var(--allow)">
      <div class="plain-card-title">What this does</div>
      <div class="plain-card-body">
        It organizes biofeedback as a physiological engineering system — a loop that measures something from your body, shows you that measurement in real time, and lets you try to change it.<br><br>
        It maps each biofeedback signal to what it actually measures (not what it's often claimed to measure), and to which brain structures and pathways it's indirectly connected, with explicit statements about how indirect that connection is.<br><br>
        It classifies each biofeedback protocol by the quality of evidence supporting it, and distinguishes four levels of training claims — from "the signal changed during a session" all the way to "the brain's structure was confirmed to change" — because those are very different claims requiring very different evidence.
      </div>
    </div>
    <div class="plain-card" style="border-left:3px solid var(--unc-b)">
      <div class="plain-card-title">What it does not do</div>
      <div class="plain-card-body">
        It does not claim that biofeedback directly measures brain activity. A scalp EEG electrode is reading electrical activity through bone and skin — it sees a mixture of signals from large areas of brain, not a single region.<br><br>
        It does not claim that a signal change during a session means the brain was permanently reorganized, or that daily-life function will improve, or that a specific neural mechanism was confirmed. Those are separate claims requiring separate evidence.<br><br>
        It does not permit biofeedback signals to be used to label emotional states, infer diagnoses, assess character or capacity, or make any person-level claim. The GPS analogy from the Brain Layer applies here too — the dashboard tells you current speed and RPM. It does not tell you what the driver is thinking.
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      <div class="plain-card-title">The dashboard analogy</div>
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        Biofeedback is like having a dashboard in a car. The dashboard shows you real signals — speed, RPM, temperature — and you can learn to drive differently by watching them.<br><br>
        But the dashboard does not show you the engine's internal mechanism. Seeing the temperature rise does not tell you which specific engine part is failing, or whether you are a good driver, or where you are going. It shows you one measured output of a very complex system.<br><br>
        Some dashboards are very well-connected to their engine (like EMG biofeedback for a specific muscle). Others are several layers removed (like EEG reading a mixture of many brain regions). Knowing the difference is the Integrity gate.
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      <div class="plain-card-title">How HIR governs it</div>
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        <strong>Honesty:</strong> Every biofeedback signal record must label what the sensor actually measures, how many causal steps separate it from the claimed brain region, and which uncertainty classes are active. The feedback display must use accurate labels, not evocative ones.<br><br>
        <strong>Integrity:</strong> A signal change is not a training outcome. A training outcome is not a clinical result. A clinical result is not a mechanism confirmation. These categories may not be collapsed. Evidence at one level may not be cited for a claim at a higher level.<br><br>
        <strong>Respect:</strong> No biofeedback signal — however clean, however well-established — may be used to make a claim about a person's character, diagnosis, capacity, or identity. The person's signal is not the person.
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  <strong>Created and Developed by Collin D. Weber</strong> · Primordial Biofeedback Layer v0.1 · HIR-Governed Physiological Signal Mapping · April 30, 2026<br>
  Builds on: Primordial Brain Layer v0.1 · Primordial Compute Stack v0.1 · Primordial DNA Layer v0.1 (GRCh38 First Pass)<br><br>
  This document is a bounded architecture planning study. It is not a clinical tool, a diagnostic instrument, a biofeedback treatment system, or a medical opinion. Evidence levels cited reflect published literature as of the document date and should be reviewed against current literature before use in any applied context. All biofeedback protocol evidence claims should be verified against BCIA, AAPB, and primary literature sources before clinical application.<br><br>
  This module distinguishes what biofeedback signals directly measure from what they are claimed to represent, and ensures that neither signal quality problems nor mechanistic unknowns can be converted into unsupported claims about a person.
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