Create app

app

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+import os
+import gradio as gr
+import re
+import folium
+from fastai.vision.all import *
+from groq import Groq
+from PIL import Image
+import time
+import json
+from functools import lru_cache
+
+# Load the trained model
+learn = load_learner('export.pkl')
+labels = learn.dls.vocab
+
+# Initialize Groq client
+client = Groq(
+    api_key=os.environ.get("GROQ_API_KEY"),
+)
+
+# Cache directory for API responses
+os.makedirs("cache", exist_ok=True)
+
+# Language translations
+translations = {
+    "en": {
+        "app_title": "AvianEye Tanzania",
+        "app_description": "🔍 Upload a bird photo to instantly identify species and access comprehensive data on habitats, behaviors, and climate change impacts. A powerful tool for Tanzania-based ornithological research.",
+        "upload_label": "Upload Bird Image",
+        "identify_button": "Identify Bird",
+        "predictions_label": "Top 5 Predictions",
+        "bird_info_label": "Bird Information",
+        "research_questions": "Research Questions",
+        "question_placeholder": "Example: How has climate change affected this bird's migration pattern?",
+        "question_label": "Ask a question about this bird",
+        "submit_question": "Submit Question",
+        "clear_conversation": "Clear Conversation",
+        "upload_prompt": "Please upload an image",
+        "question_title": "Question:",
+        "answer_title": "Answer:",
+        "habitat_map_title": "Natural Habitat Map for",
+        "detailed_info_title": "Detailed Information",
+        "language_label": "Language / Lugha",
+        "loading": "Processing...",
+        "low_confidence": "Low confidence prediction. Results may not be accurate.",
+        "not_a_bird": "The image may not contain a bird. Please upload a clear image of a bird.",
+        "other_message": "This bird is not in our trained dataset or the image may not be of a bird. Please try uploading a different image."
+    },
+    "sw": {
+        "app_title": "Mtafiti wa Ndege: Utambuzi wa Kiotomatiki kwa Watafiti",
+        "app_description": "🔍 Pakia picha ya ndege ili kutambua spishi mara moja na kupata data kamili kuhusu makazi, tabia, na athari za mabadiliko ya tabianchi. Zana yenye nguvu kwa utafiti wa ndege nchini Tanzania.",
+        "upload_label": "Pakia Picha ya Ndege",
+        "identify_button": "Tambua Ndege",
+        "predictions_label": "Utabiri Bora 5",
+        "bird_info_label": "Taarifa za Ndege",
+        "research_questions": "Maswali ya Utafiti",
+        "question_placeholder": "Mfano: Je, mabadiliko ya tabianchi yameathiri vipi mfumo wa uhamiaji wa ndege huyu?",
+        "question_label": "Uliza swali kuhusu ndege huyu",
+        "submit_question": "Wasilisha Swali",
+        "clear_conversation": "Futa Mazungumzo",
+        "upload_prompt": "Tafadhali pakia picha",
+        "question_title": "Swali:",
+        "answer_title": "Jibu:",
+        "habitat_map_title": "Ramani ya Makazi Asilia ya",
+        "detailed_info_title": "Taarifa za Kina",
+        "language_label": "Language / Lugha",
+        "loading": "Inachakata...",
+        "low_confidence": "Utabiri wa uhakika mdogo. Matokeo yanaweza kuwa si sahihi.",
+        "not_a_bird": "Picha inaweza isiwe ya ndege. Tafadhali pakia picha wazi ya ndege.",
+        "other_message": "Ndege huyu haipatikani katika hifadhidata yetu au picha inaweza isiwe ya ndege. Tafadhali jaribu kupakia picha nyingine."
+    }
+}
+
+def clean_bird_name(name):
+    """Clean bird name by removing numbers and special characters, and fix formatting"""
+    # Remove numbers and dots at the beginning
+    cleaned = re.sub(r'^\d+\.', '', name)
+    # Replace underscores with spaces
+    cleaned = cleaned.replace('_', ' ')
+    # Remove any remaining special characters
+    cleaned = re.sub(r'[^\w\s]', '', cleaned)
+    # Fix spacing
+    cleaned = ' '.join(cleaned.split())
+    return cleaned
+
+def get_cache_path(function_name, key):
+    """Generate a cache file path"""
+    safe_key = re.sub(r'[^\w]', '_', key)
+    return f"cache/{function_name}_{safe_key}.json"
+
+def save_to_cache(function_name, key, data):
+    """Save API response to cache"""
+    try:
+        cache_path = get_cache_path(function_name, key)
+        with open(cache_path, 'w') as f:
+            json.dump({"data": data, "timestamp": time.time()}, f)
+    except Exception as e:
+        print(f"Error saving to cache: {e}")
+
+def load_from_cache(function_name, key, max_age=86400):  # Default max age: 1 day
+    """Load API response from cache if it exists and is not too old"""
+    try:
+        cache_path = get_cache_path(function_name, key)
+        if os.path.exists(cache_path):
+            with open(cache_path, 'r') as f:
+                cached = json.load(f)
+                if time.time() - cached["timestamp"] < max_age:
+                    return cached["data"]
+    except Exception as e:
+        print(f"Error loading from cache: {e}")
+    return None
+
+def is_likely_bird_image(img):
+    """Basic check to see if the image might contain a bird"""
+    try:
+        # Convert to numpy array for analysis
+        img_array = np.array(img)
+        
+        # Simple checks that might indicate a bird isn't present:
+        # 1. Check if image is too dark or too bright overall
+        mean_brightness = np.mean(img_array)
+        if mean_brightness < 20 or mean_brightness > 235:
+            return False
+            
+        # 2. Check if image has very little color variation (might be a solid background)
+        std_dev = np.std(img_array)
+        if std_dev < 15:
+            return False
+            
+        # 3. If image is very small, it might not be a useful bird photo
+        if img_array.shape[0] < 100 or img_array.shape[1] < 100:
+            return False
+            
+        return True
+    except:
+        # If any error occurs during the check, assume it might be a bird
+        return True
+
+def get_bird_habitat_map(bird_name, check_tanzania=True):
+    """Get habitat map locations for the bird using Groq API with caching"""
+    clean_name = clean_bird_name(bird_name)
+    
+    # Check cache for Tanzania check
+    tanzania_cache_key = f"{clean_name}_tanzania"
+    cached_tanzania = load_from_cache("tanzania_check", tanzania_cache_key)
+    if cached_tanzania is not None:
+        is_in_tanzania = cached_tanzania
+    else:
+        # First check if the bird is endemic to Tanzania
+        if check_tanzania:
+            tanzania_check_prompt = f"""
+            Is the {clean_name} bird native to or commonly found in Tanzania? 
+            Answer with ONLY "yes" or "no".
+            """
+            
+            try:
+                tanzania_check = client.chat.completions.create(
+                    messages=[{"role": "user", "content": tanzania_check_prompt}],
+                    model="llama-3.3-70b-versatile",
+                )
+                is_in_tanzania = "yes" in tanzania_check.choices[0].message.content.lower()
+                # Cache result
+                save_to_cache("tanzania_check", tanzania_cache_key, is_in_tanzania)
+            except:
+                # Default to showing Tanzania if we can't determine
+                is_in_tanzania = True
+        else:
+            is_in_tanzania = True
+    
+    # Check cache for habitat locations
+    habitat_cache_key = f"{clean_name}_habitat"
+    cached_habitat = load_from_cache("habitat", habitat_cache_key)
+    if cached_habitat is not None:
+        return cached_habitat, is_in_tanzania
+    
+    # Now get the habitat locations
+    prompt = f"""
+    Provide a JSON array of the main habitat locations for the {clean_name} bird in the world. 
+    Return ONLY a JSON array with 3-5 entries, each containing:
+    1. "name": Location name
+    2. "lat": Latitude (numeric value)
+    3. "lon": Longitude (numeric value)
+    4. "description": Brief description of why this is a key habitat (2-3 sentences)
+    
+    Example format:
+    [
+      {{"name": "Example Location", "lat": 12.34, "lon": 56.78, "description": "Brief description"}},
+      ...
+    ]
+    
+    {'' if is_in_tanzania else 'DO NOT include any locations in Tanzania as this bird is not native to or commonly found there.'}
+    """
+    
+    try:
+        chat_completion = client.chat.completions.create(
+            messages=[
+                {
+                    "role": "user",
+                    "content": prompt,
+                }
+            ],
+            model="llama-3.3-70b-versatile",
+        )
+        response = chat_completion.choices[0].message.content
+        
+        # Extract JSON from response (in case there's additional text)
+        import json
+        import re
+        
+        # Find JSON pattern in response
+        json_match = re.search(r'\[.*\]', response, re.DOTALL)
+        if json_match:
+            locations = json.loads(json_match.group())
+        else:
+            # Fallback if JSON extraction fails
+            locations = [
+                {"name": "Primary habitat region", "lat": 0, "lon": 0, 
+                 "description": "Could not retrieve specific habitat information for this bird."}
+            ]
+        
+        # Cache the result
+        save_to_cache("habitat", habitat_cache_key, locations)
+        
+        return locations, is_in_tanzania
+        
+    except Exception as e:
+        return [{"name": "Error retrieving data", "lat": 0, "lon": 0, 
+                "description": "Please try again or check your connection."}], False
+
+def create_habitat_map(habitat_locations):
+    """Create a folium map with the habitat locations"""
+    # Find center point based on valid coordinates
+    valid_coords = [(loc.get("lat", 0), loc.get("lon", 0)) 
+                    for loc in habitat_locations 
+                    if loc.get("lat", 0) != 0 or loc.get("lon", 0) != 0]
+    
+    if valid_coords:
+        # Calculate the average of the coordinates
+        avg_lat = sum(lat for lat, _ in valid_coords) / len(valid_coords)
+        avg_lon = sum(lon for _, lon in valid_coords) / len(valid_coords)
+        # Create map centered on the average coordinates
+        m = folium.Map(location=[avg_lat, avg_lon], zoom_start=3)
+    else:
+        # Default world map if no valid coordinates
+        m = folium.Map(location=[20, 0], zoom_start=2)
+    
+    # Add markers for each habitat location
+    for location in habitat_locations:
+        name = location.get("name", "Unknown")
+        lat = location.get("lat", 0)
+        lon = location.get("lon", 0)
+        description = location.get("description", "No description available")
+        
+        # Skip invalid coordinates
+        if lat == 0 and lon == 0:
+            continue
+            
+        # Add marker
+        folium.Marker(
+            location=[lat, lon],
+            popup=folium.Popup(f"<b>{name}</b><br>{description}", max_width=300),
+            tooltip=name
+        ).add_to(m)
+    
+    # Save map to HTML
+    map_html = m._repr_html_()
+    return map_html
+
+def format_bird_info(raw_info, language="en"):
+    """Improve the formatting of bird information"""
+    # Add proper line breaks between sections and ensure consistent heading levels
+    formatted = raw_info
+    
+    # Get translation of warning text based on language
+    warning_text = "NOT TYPICALLY FOUND IN TANZANIA"
+    warning_translation = "HAPATIKANI SANA TANZANIA" if language == "sw" else warning_text
+    
+    # Fix heading levels (make all main sections h3)
+    formatted = re.sub(r'#+\s+' + warning_text, 
+                        f'<div class="alert alert-warning"><strong>⚠️ {warning_translation}</strong></div>', 
+                        formatted)
+    
+    # Replace markdown headings with HTML headings for better control
+    formatted = re.sub(r'#+\s+(.*)', r'<h3>\1</h3>', formatted)
+    
+    # Add paragraph tags for better spacing
+    formatted = re.sub(r'\n\*\s+(.*)', r'<p>• \1</p>', formatted)
+    formatted = re.sub(r'\n([^<\n].*)', r'<p>\1</p>', formatted)
+    
+    # Remove any duplicate paragraph tags
+    formatted = formatted.replace('<p><p>', '<p>')
+    formatted = formatted.replace('</p></p>', '</p>')
+    
+    return formatted
+
+def get_bird_info(bird_name, language="en"):
+    """Get detailed information about a bird using Groq API with caching"""
+    clean_name = clean_bird_name(bird_name)
+    
+    # Check cache first
+    cache_key = f"{clean_name}_{language}"
+    cached_info = load_from_cache("bird_info", cache_key)
+    if cached_info is not None:
+        return cached_info
+    
+    # Adjust language for the prompt
+    lang_instruction = ""
+    if language == "sw":
+        lang_instruction = " Provide your response in Swahili language."
+    
+    prompt = f"""
+    Provide detailed information about the {clean_name} bird, including:
+    1. Physical characteristics and appearance
+    2. Habitat and distribution
+    3. Diet and behavior
+    4. Migration patterns (emphasize if this pattern has changed in recent years due to climate change)
+    5. Conservation status
+    
+    If this bird is not commonly found in Tanzania, explicitly flag that this bird is "NOT TYPICALLY FOUND IN TANZANIA" at the beginning of your response and explain why its presence might be unusual.
+    
+    Format your response in markdown for better readability.{lang_instruction}
+    """
+    
+    try:
+        chat_completion = client.chat.completions.create(
+            messages=[
+                {
+                    "role": "user",
+                    "content": prompt,
+                }
+            ],
+            model="llama-3.3-70b-versatile",
+        )
+        response = chat_completion.choices[0].message.content
+        # Cache the result
+        save_to_cache("bird_info", cache_key, response)
+        return response
+    except Exception as e:
+        error_msg = "Hitilafu katika kupata taarifa" if language == "sw" else "Error fetching information"
+        return f"{error_msg}: {str(e)}"
+
+def create_message_html(message, icon="🔍", language="en"):
+    """Create a styled message container for notifications"""
+    custom_css = """
+    <style>
+    .message-container {
+        font-family: Arial, sans-serif;
+        padding:
+        20px;
+        background-color: #f8f9fa;
+        border-radius: 8px;
+        text-align: center;
+        margin: 20px 0;
+    }
+    .message-icon {
+        font-size: 48px;
+        margin-bottom: 15px;
+    }
+    .message-text {
+        font-size: 18px;
+        color: #495057;
+    }
+    </style>
+    """
+    
+    html = f"""
+    {custom_css}
+    <div class="message-container">
+        <div class="message-icon">{icon}</div>
+        <div class="message-text">{message}</div>
+    </div>
+    """
+    return html
+
+def predict_and_get_info(img, language="en"):
+    """Predict bird species and get detailed information"""
+    # Get translations
+    t = translations[language]
+    
+    # Check if an image was provided
+    if img is None:
+        message = t['upload_prompt']
+        return None, create_message_html(message, "📷", language), "", ""
+    
+    # Basic check if the image might contain a bird
+    if not is_likely_bird_image(img):
+        message = t['not_a_bird']
+        return None, create_message_html(message, "⚠️", language), "", ""
+    
+    try:
+        # Process the image
+        img = PILImage.create(img)
+        
+        # Get prediction
+        pred, pred_idx, probs = learn.predict(img)
+        
+        # Get top 5 predictions (or all if less than 5)
+        num_classes = min(5, len(labels))
+        top_indices = probs.argsort(descending=True)[:num_classes]
+        top_probs = probs[top_indices]
+        top_labels = [labels[i] for i in top_indices]
+        
+        # Format as dictionary with cleaned names for display
+        prediction_results = {clean_bird_name(top_labels[i]): float(top_probs[i]) for i in range(num_classes)}
+        
+        # Get top prediction (original format for info retrieval)
+        top_bird = str(pred)
+        # Also keep a clean version for display
+        clean_top_bird = clean_bird_name(top_bird)
+        
+        # Check if the model's confidence is low
+        if float(top_probs[0]) < 0.4:
+            low_confidence_warning = t['low_confidence']
+        else:
+            low_confidence_warning = ""
+        
+        # Check if the top prediction is "Other" and has high confidence
+        if "other" in clean_top_bird.lower():
+            # Create a message informing the user that the bird wasn't recognized
+            other_message = t['other_message']
+            combined_info = create_message_html(other_message, "🔍", language)
+            return prediction_results, combined_info, clean_top_bird, ""
+        
+        # Get habitat locations and create map
+        habitat_locations, is_in_tanzania = get_bird_habitat_map(top_bird)
+        habitat_map_html = create_habitat_map(habitat_locations)
+        
+        # Get detailed information about the top predicted bird
+        bird_info = get_bird_info(top_bird, language)
+        formatted_info = format_bird_info(bird_info, language)
+        
+        # Create combined info with map at the top and properly formatted information
+        custom_css = """
+        <style>
+        .bird-container {
+            font-family: Arial, sans-serif;
+            padding: 10px;
+        }
+        .map-container {
+            height: 400px;
+            width: 100%;
+            border: 1px solid #ddd;
+            border-radius: 8px;
+            overflow: hidden;
+            margin-bottom: 20px;
+        }
+        .info-container {
+            line-height: 1.6;
+        }
+        .info-container h3 {
+            margin-top: 20px;
+            margin-bottom: 10px;
+            color: #2c3e50;
+            border-bottom: 1px solid #eee;
+            padding-bottom: 5px;
+        }
+        .info-container p {
+            margin-bottom: 10px;
+        }
+        .alert {
+            padding: 10px;
+            margin-bottom: 15px;
+            border-radius: 4px;
+        }
+        .alert-warning {
+            background-color: #fcf8e3;
+            border: 1px solid #faebcc;
+            color: #8a6d3b;
+        }
+        .confidence-warning {
+            background-color: #fff3cd;
+            color: #856404;
+            padding: 8px;
+            border-radius: 4px;
+            margin-bottom: 15px;
+            font-weight: bold;
+        }
+        </style>
+        """
+        
+        # Add low confidence warning if needed
+        confidence_warning_html = f'<div class="confidence-warning">{low_confidence_warning}</div>' if low_confidence_warning else ''
+        
+        combined_info = f"""
+        {custom_css}
+        <div class="bird-container">
+            {confidence_warning_html}
+            <h2>{t['habitat_map_title']} {clean_top_bird}</h2>
+            <div class="map-container">
+                {habitat_map_html}
+            </div>
+            
+            <div class="info-container">
+                <h2>{t['detailed_info_title']}</h2>
+                {formatted_info}
+            </div>
+        </div>
+        """
+        
+        return prediction_results, combined_info, clean_top_bird, ""
+    except Exception as e:
+        error_msg = "Hitilafu katika kuchakata picha" if language == "sw" else "Error processing image"
+        return None, create_message_html(f"{error_msg}: {str(e)}", "⚠️", language), "", ""
+
+def follow_up_question(question, bird_name, language="en"):
+    """Allow researchers to ask follow-up questions about the identified bird"""
+    t = translations[language]
+    
+    if not question.strip() or not bird_name:
+        return "Please identify a bird first and ask a specific question about it." if language == "en" else "Tafadhali tambua ndege kwanza na uulize swali maalum kuhusu ndege huyo."
+    
+    # Check cache first
+    cache_key = f"{bird_name}_{question}_{language}".replace(" ", "_")[:100]  # Limit key length
+    cached_answer = load_from_cache("follow_up", cache_key)
+    if cached_answer is not None:
+        return cached_answer
+    
+    # Adjust language for the prompt
+    lang_instruction = ""
+    if language == "sw":
+        lang_instruction = " Provide your response in Swahili language."
+    
+    prompt = f"""
+    The researcher is asking about the {bird_name} bird: "{question}"
+    
+    Provide a detailed, scientific answer focusing on accurate ornithological information. 
+    If the question relates to Tanzania or climate change impacts, emphasize those aspects in your response.
+    
+    IMPORTANT: Do not repeat basic introductory information about the bird that would have already been provided in a general description.
+    Do not start your answer with phrases like "Introduction to the {bird_name}" or similar repetitive headers.
+    Directly answer the specific question asked.
+    
+    Format your response in markdown for better readability.{lang_instruction}
+    """
+    
+    try:
+        chat_completion = client.chat.completions.create(
+            messages=[
+                {
+                    "role": "user",
+                    "content": prompt,
+                }
+            ],
+            model="llama-3.3-70b-versatile",
+        )
+        response = chat_completion.choices[0].message.content
+        # Cache the result
+        save_to_cache("follow_up", cache_key, response)
+        return response
+    except Exception as e:
+        error_msg = "Hitilafu katika kupata taarifa" if language == "sw" else "Error fetching information"
+        return f"{error_msg}: {str(e)}"
+
+# Create the Gradio interface
+with gr.Blocks(theme=gr.themes.Soft()) as app:
+    # Current language and bird state
+    current_lang = gr.State("en")
+    current_bird = gr.State("")
+    
+    # Header with language switcher
+    with gr.Row():
+        with gr.Column(scale=3):
+            title_md = gr.Markdown(f"# {translations['en']['app_title']}")
+        with gr.Column(scale=1):
+            language_selector = gr.Radio(
+                choices=["English", "Kiswahili"], 
+                label=translations['en']['language_label'], 
+                value="English"
+            )
+    
+    # App description
+    description_md = gr.Markdown(f"{translations['en']['app_description']}")
+    
+    # Main identification section
+    with gr.Row():
+        with gr.Column(scale=1):
+            input_image = gr.Image(type="pil", label=translations['en']['upload_label'])
+            submit_btn = gr.Button(translations['en']['identify_button'], variant="primary")
+        
+        with gr.Column(scale=2):
+            prediction_output = gr.Label(label=translations['en']['predictions_label'], num_top_classes=5)
+            bird_info_output = gr.HTML(label=translations['en']['bird_info_label'])
+    
+    # Clear divider
+    gr.Markdown("---")
+    
+    # Follow-up question section with improved UI
+    questions_header = gr.Markdown(f"## {translations['en']['research_questions']}")
+    
+    conversation_history = gr.Markdown("")
+    
+    with gr.Row():
+        follow_up_input = gr.Textbox(
+            label=translations['en']['question_label'], 
+            placeholder=translations['en']['question_placeholder'],
+            lines=2
+        )
+    
+    with gr.Row():
+        follow_up_btn = gr.Button(translations['en']['submit_question'], variant="primary")
+        clear_btn = gr.Button(translations['en']['clear_conversation'])
+    
+    # Functions for event handlers
+    def update_conversation(question, bird_name, history, lang):
+        t = translations[lang]
+        
+        if not question.strip():
+            return history
+        
+        answer = follow_up_question(question, bird_name, lang)
+        
+        # Format the conversation with clear separation
+        new_exchange = f"""
+### {t['question_title']}
+{question}
+### {t['answer_title']}
+{answer}
+---
+"""
+        updated_history = new_exchange + history
+        return updated_history
+    
+    def clear_conversation_history():
+        return ""
+    
+    def update_language(choice):
+        # Convert selection to language code
+        lang = "sw" if choice == "Kiswahili" else "en"
+        t = translations[lang]
+        
+        # Return updated UI components based on selected language
+        return (
+            lang, 
+            f"# {t['app_title']}", 
+            f"{t['app_description']}", 
+            t['upload_label'],
+            t['identify_button'],
+            t['predictions_label'],
+            t['bird_info_label'],
+            f"## {t['research_questions']}",
+            t['question_label'],
+            t['question_placeholder'],
+            t['submit_question'],
+            t['clear_conversation']
+        )
+    
+    # Set up event handlers
+    language_selector.change(
+        update_language,
+        inputs=[language_selector],
+        outputs=[
+            current_lang,
+            title_md,
+            description_md,
+            input_image,
+            submit_btn,
+            prediction_output,
+            bird_info_output,
+            questions_header,
+            follow_up_input,
+            follow_up_input,
+            follow_up_btn,
+            clear_btn
+        ]
+    )
+    
+    # Add loading state for better UX
+    submit_btn.click(
+        lambda x, y: (None, create_message_html(translations[y]['loading'], "⏳", y), "", ""),
+        inputs=[input_image, current_lang],
+        outputs=[prediction_output, bird_info_output, current_bird, conversation_history]
+    ).then(
+        predict_and_get_info,
+        inputs=[input_image, current_lang],
+        outputs=[prediction_output, bird_info_output, current_bird, conversation_history]
+    )
+    
+    follow_up_btn.click(
+        update_conversation,
+        inputs=[follow_up_input, current_bird, conversation_history, current_lang],
+        outputs=[conversation_history]
+    ).then(
+        lambda: "", 
+        outputs=follow_up_input
+    )
+    
+    clear_btn.click(
+        clear_conversation_history,
+        outputs=[conversation_history]
+    )
+
+# Launch the app
+app.launch(share=True)