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@@ -668,6 +668,126 @@
     "page_type": "source-summary",
     "layer": "wiki"
   },
+  {
+    "text": "[\"KALRO-KCEP Maize Training and Extension Manual (2016)\" — KALRO-KCEP Maize Training and Extension Manual (2016)]\n**Full title:** The Kenya Cereal Enhancement Programme (KCEP) — Adaptation and Dissemination of Available Technologies for Smallholder Adoption: KALRO-KCEP Maize Training and Extension Manual\n\n**Published:** April 2016\n\n**Funded by:** European Union (EU) through IFAD, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries (MoALF) in collaboration with KALRO-KCEP\n\n**Purpose:** Training module for extension officers, lead farmers and service providers on maize production along the value chain, with gender participation emphasis.",
+    "source": "wiki/sources/kcep-maize-training-manual-2016.md",
+    "title": "\"KALRO-KCEP Maize Training and Extension Manual (2016)\"",
+    "section": "KALRO-KCEP Maize Training and Extension Manual (2016)",
+    "page_type": "source-summary",
+    "layer": "wiki"
+  },
+  {
+    "text": "[\"KALRO-KCEP Maize Training and Extension Manual (2016)\" — Background]\n- Maize is Kenya's staple food; contributes ~65% of daily per capita cereal consumption\n- Grown on an estimated 1.4 million hectares nationwide\n- Accounts for >20% of total agricultural production and 25% of agricultural employment\n- KCEP focus area: 5 implementing counties in Western Region (Trans Nzoia, Nandi, Nakuru, Kakamega, Bungoma)",
+    "source": "wiki/sources/kcep-maize-training-manual-2016.md",
+    "title": "\"KALRO-KCEP Maize Training and Extension Manual (2016)\"",
+    "section": "Background",
+    "page_type": "source-summary",
+    "layer": "wiki"
+  },
+  {
+    "text": "[\"KALRO-KCEP Maize Training and Extension Manual (2016)\" — Training Objectives]\n1. Train extension officers and stakeholders to enhance maize productivity\n2. Empower farmers along the maize value chain for food security\n3. Increase commercialization of maize\n4. Promote gender inclusion in maize production",
+    "source": "wiki/sources/kcep-maize-training-manual-2016.md",
+    "title": "\"KALRO-KCEP Maize Training and Extension Manual (2016)\"",
+    "section": "Training Objectives",
+    "page_type": "source-summary",
+    "layer": "wiki"
+  },
+  {
+    "text": "[\"KALRO-KCEP Maize Training and Extension Manual (2016)\" — 2.1 Variety Selection]\nFarmers should use certified hybrid seeds suited to their agro-ecological zone (AEZ). Disease-tolerant varieties recommended:\n- **H6218** — tolerant to leaf blight\n- **H6213**, **H6210** — tolerant to grey leaf spot\n\n**Table 1: Maize varieties for KCEP implementing counties (Western Region)**\n\n| Variety | Source | AEZ | KCEP Counties | Maturity (days) | Yield (90 kg bags/acre) |\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n| H6213 | Kenya Seed Company | Highlands | Trans Nzoia, Nandi, Nakuru, Kakamega, Bungoma | 160–210 | 50 |\n| H6210 | Kenya Seed Company | Highlands | Trans Nzoia, Nandi, Nakuru, Kakamega, Bungoma | 160–210 | 45 |\n| H629 | Kenya Seed Company | Highlands | Trans Nzoia, Nandi, Kakamega, Bungoma | 160–210 | 43 |\n| KH600-23A | ADC | Highlands | — | 140–175 | 56 |\n| H614D | Kenya Seed Company | Highlands | — | — | — |",
+    "source": "wiki/sources/kcep-maize-training-manual-2016.md",
+    "title": "\"KALRO-KCEP Maize Training and Extension Manual (2016)\"",
+    "section": "2.1 Variety Selection",
+    "page_type": "source-summary",
+    "layer": "wiki"
+  },
+  {
+    "text": "[\"KALRO-KCEP Maize Training and Extension Manual (2016)\" — 2.1.2 Seed Selection and Treatment]\n- Use certified seeds only\n- Conduct germination test before planting (count 100 seeds between damp paper; >85% germination is acceptable)",
+    "source": "wiki/sources/kcep-maize-training-manual-2016.md",
+    "title": "\"KALRO-KCEP Maize Training and Extension Manual (2016)\"",
+    "section": "2.1.2 Seed Selection and Treatment",
+    "page_type": "source-summary",
+    "layer": "wiki"
+  },
+  {
+    "text": "[\"KALRO-KCEP Maize Training and Extension Manual (2016)\" — 2.2 Field Operations]\n**2.2.1 Land preparation**\n- Conventional methods: hand, ox-plough, tractor\n- Conservation Agriculture (CA): herbicide spray + crop residue management\n- Prepare early enough for weeds to dry and decompose before planting\n\n**Planting time:** Within the first two weeks of onset of rains. Early planting benefits from nitrogen flux, warm soil temperatures, better aeration, and escape from pests/diseases.\n\n**Planting depth:** 2.5–5 cm\n\n**Recommended spacing and plant density:**\n\n| Region | Spacing | Density (plants/ha) |\n|---|---|---|\n| Highland | 75 × 25 cm (1 plant/hill) | ~53,000 |\n| Highland | 75 × 50 cm (2 plants/hill) | ~53,000 |\n| Midland | (varies by county) | — |",
+    "source": "wiki/sources/kcep-maize-training-manual-2016.md",
+    "title": "\"KALRO-KCEP Maize Training and Extension Manual (2016)\"",
+    "section": "2.2 Field Operations",
+    "page_type": "source-summary",
+    "layer": "wiki"
+  },
+  {
+    "text": "[\"KALRO-KCEP Maize Training and Extension Manual (2016)\" — 2.2.x Pest Management]\n**Field pests and control (Table 4):**\n\n| Pest | Symptoms | Control |\n|---|---|---|\n| Maize stem borers | Caterpillars cause dead hearts; bore into stems | Intercrop with non-host crops or desmodium; trap crops; biological control; recommended insecticides |\n| Maize leafhoppers | Slender hoppers; transmit maize streak virus | Insecticides; resistant varieties |\n| Cutworms | Cut seedlings at/below ground | Seed dressing; bait on ground |",
+    "source": "wiki/sources/kcep-maize-training-manual-2016.md",
+    "title": "\"KALRO-KCEP Maize Training and Extension Manual (2016)\"",
+    "section": "2.2.x Pest Management",
+    "page_type": "source-summary",
+    "layer": "wiki"
+  },
+  {
+    "text": "[\"KALRO-KCEP Maize Training and Extension Manual (2016)\" — 2.2.x Disease Management]\n**Selected maize diseases (Table 5):**\n\n| Disease | Symptoms | Control |\n|---|---|---|\n| Downy mildew | White/yellow leaf stripes; stunting; no yield | Early planting; crop rotation; resistant varieties |\n| Northern Corn Leaf Blight | Chlorotic \"halo\" → cigar-shaped necrotic lesions | Resistant varieties; fungicides |\n| Common smut | Galls on all plant parts; black spores | Field hygiene; resistant varieties; avoid injury |\n| Head smut | Internal infection; symptoms at tasseling/silking | Resistant varieties; crop rotation |",
+    "source": "wiki/sources/kcep-maize-training-manual-2016.md",
+    "title": "\"KALRO-KCEP Maize Training and Extension Manual (2016)\"",
+    "section": "2.2.x Disease Management",
+    "page_type": "source-summary",
+    "layer": "wiki"
+  },
+  {
+    "text": "[\"KALRO-KCEP Maize Training and Extension Manual (2016)\" — 2.2.7 Harvesting]\n- **Green maize:** Harvest when grain hardens or silky flowering turns black\n- **Dried maize:** Recommended moisture content for storage: **13%**",
+    "source": "wiki/sources/kcep-maize-training-manual-2016.md",
+    "title": "\"KALRO-KCEP Maize Training and Extension Manual (2016)\"",
+    "section": "2.2.7 Harvesting",
+    "page_type": "source-summary",
+    "layer": "wiki"
+  },
+  {
+    "text": "[\"KALRO-KCEP Maize Training and Extension Manual (2016)\" — 2.3.1 Seed/grain drying]\n- Dry on cob or after shelling\n- Suitable surfaces: cemented floor, mats, tarpaulins, raised cribs, drying sheds\n- **Do not dry on bare ground** (picks up moisture, dirt, insects)\n- Protect from rain and night dew",
+    "source": "wiki/sources/kcep-maize-training-manual-2016.md",
+    "title": "\"KALRO-KCEP Maize Training and Extension Manual (2016)\"",
+    "section": "2.3.1 Seed/grain drying",
+    "page_type": "source-summary",
+    "layer": "wiki"
+  },
+  {
+    "text": "[\"KALRO-KCEP Maize Training and Extension Manual (2016)\" — Section 2.4: Maize Storage Pests]\n**Storage pests of economic importance (Table 6):**\n\n| Pest | Damage | Control |\n|---|---|---|\n| Larger Grain Borer (LGB) | Bores into husks/cobs; produces grain dust | Early harvest/drying; cleaned storage; Neem/pyrethrum/castor oil plant extracts |\n| Weevils | Bore into grain kernels | Hermetic storage; botanical pesticides; synthetic insecticides |",
+    "source": "wiki/sources/kcep-maize-training-manual-2016.md",
+    "title": "\"KALRO-KCEP Maize Training and Extension Manual (2016)\"",
+    "section": "Section 2.4: Maize Storage Pests",
+    "page_type": "source-summary",
+    "layer": "wiki"
+  },
+  {
+    "text": "[\"KALRO-KCEP Maize Training and Extension Manual (2016)\" — Section 2.5: Mould and Aflatoxin Control]\n- Aflatoxin caused by *Aspergillus* species moulds\n- **Cooking/heating cannot destroy aflatoxins**\n- Control: dry grain quickly after harvest to 12–15% moisture; ensure good ventilation\n- Cross-reference: Aflasafe KE01™ is a biocontrol product for aflatoxin management (see [[maize-timps-volume1]])",
+    "source": "wiki/sources/kcep-maize-training-manual-2016.md",
+    "title": "\"KALRO-KCEP Maize Training and Extension Manual (2016)\"",
+    "section": "Section 2.5: Mould and Aflatoxin Control",
+    "page_type": "source-summary",
+    "layer": "wiki"
+  },
+  {
+    "text": "[\"KALRO-KCEP Maize Training and Extension Manual (2016)\" — Section 2.6: Utilization and Value Addition]\n1. Maize flour (ugali), consumed fresh/ground/boiled\n2. Stalks, leaves, cob residues for dairy cattle feed\n3. Stalks and cobs as domestic fuel / organic matter\n4. Industrial uses: starch, oil, livestock feed",
+    "source": "wiki/sources/kcep-maize-training-manual-2016.md",
+    "title": "\"KALRO-KCEP Maize Training and Extension Manual (2016)\"",
+    "section": "Section 2.6: Utilization and Value Addition",
+    "page_type": "source-summary",
+    "layer": "wiki"
+  },
+  {
+    "text": "[\"KALRO-KCEP Maize Training and Extension Manual (2016)\" — Moisture content determination]\n- Use moisture meter if available\n- **Salt test (no equipment needed):** Fill 750 ml bottle 1/3 with grain, add 20–30 g dry salt, shake vigorously 1 min, leave 15 min. If salt sticks to bottle → moisture >15% (not safe for storage). If salt doesn't stick → moisture <15% (safe for storage).\n- **Biting grain method:** Also usable when no equipment available.",
+    "source": "wiki/sources/kcep-maize-training-manual-2016.md",
+    "title": "\"KALRO-KCEP Maize Training and Extension Manual (2016)\"",
+    "section": "Moisture content determination",
+    "page_type": "source-summary",
+    "layer": "wiki"
+  },
+  {
+    "text": "[\"KALRO-KCEP Maize Training and Extension Manual (2016)\" — Key Takeaways for Chatbot]\n- Practical field-level guide for KCEP extension in Western Kenya highlands\n- Contains variety recommendations specific to Trans Nzoia, Nandi, Nakuru, Kakamega, Bungoma\n- Provides concrete spacing, planting time, storage moisture thresholds\n- Salt test is a low-tech aflatoxin/moisture indicator accessible to smallholders\n- Complements [[kcsap-training-manual]] (later 2021 KCSAP manual covering 24 counties) and [[maize-timps-volume1]] (full TIMPs inventory)",
+    "source": "wiki/sources/kcep-maize-training-manual-2016.md",
+    "title": "\"KALRO-KCEP Maize Training and Extension Manual (2016)\"",
+    "section": "Key Takeaways for Chatbot",
+    "page_type": "source-summary",
+    "layer": "wiki"
+  },
   {
     "text": "[\"Combining Ability of KALRO Muguga Inbred Lines (Kariuki, 2015)\" — Combining Ability of KALRO Muguga Inbred Lines]\n**Citation:** Kariuki, J. M. (2015). *Combining ability of inbred lines of maize (Zea mays L.) developed at KALRO Muguga.* MSc thesis, Kenyatta University.",
     "source": "wiki/sources/combining-ability-kalro-muguga-thesis.md",