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Runtime error
Runtime error
| # Predefined responses | |
| predefined_responses = { | |
| "hi": "Hello! How can I assist you with Python today?", | |
| "what is a variable": "A variable is a named reference to a value. Example:\n```python\nx = 5\nprint(x) # Output: 5\n```", | |
| "path": ( | |
| "To learn Python step-by-step:\n" | |
| "1. Install Python.\n" | |
| "2. Learn basic syntax: variables, data types, and operators.\n" | |
| "3. Practice control structures: loops and if-else statements.\n" | |
| "4. Explore Python data structures.\n" | |
| "5. Learn functions and error handling." | |
| ), | |
| "indentation error example": ( | |
| "An IndentationError occurs when your code is not properly indented. Example:\n" | |
| "```python\n" | |
| "if True:\nprint('Hello') # IndentationError\n```\n" | |
| "Correct it like this:\n" | |
| "```python\n" | |
| "if True:\n print('Hello')\n```" | |
| ), | |
| "bubble sort example": ( | |
| "Bubble sort is a simple comparison-based sorting algorithm that works by repeatedly stepping through the list, comparing adjacent elements, and swapping them if they are in the wrong order.\n\n" | |
| "Example:\n" | |
| "```python\n" | |
| "def bubble_sort(arr):\n" | |
| " n = len(arr)\n" | |
| " for i in range(n):\n" | |
| " for j in range(0, n-i-1):\n" | |
| " if arr[j] > arr[j+1]:\n" | |
| " arr[j], arr[j+1] = arr[j+1], arr[j]\n" | |
| " return arr\n\n" | |
| "# Test the function\n" | |
| "arr = [64, 34, 25, 12, 22, 11, 90]\n" | |
| "print('Sorted array:', bubble_sort(arr))\n" | |
| "```\n" | |
| "This code implements bubble sort and sorts the array." | |
| ), | |
| "count characters": ( | |
| "To count the characters in a word in Python, you can use the `len()` function. This function returns the length of a string, which is the number of characters it contains.\n\n" | |
| "Example:\n" | |
| "```python\n" | |
| "word = 'Python'\n" | |
| "char_count = len(word)\n" | |
| "print(f'The word {word} has {char_count} characters.')\n" | |
| "```\n" | |
| "This code counts the characters in the word 'Python' and prints the result." | |
| ), | |
| "product": ( | |
| "To find the product of two numbers in Python, you can use the multiplication operator (`*`).\n\n" | |
| "Example:\n" | |
| "```python\n" | |
| "a = 5\n" | |
| "b = 3\n" | |
| "product = a * b\n" | |
| "print(f'The product of {a} and {b} is {product}')\n" | |
| "```\n" | |
| "This code multiplies two numbers and prints the result." | |
| ), | |
| "factorial": ( | |
| "To find the factorial of a number in Python, you can use a recursive function or a loop.\n\n" | |
| "Example:\n" | |
| "```python\n" | |
| "def factorial(n):\n" | |
| " if n == 0 or n == 1:\n" | |
| " return 1\n" | |
| " else:\n" | |
| " return n * factorial(n-1)\n\n" | |
| "# Test the function\n" | |
| "num = 5\n" | |
| "print(f'The factorial of {num} is {factorial(num)}')\n" | |
| "```\n" | |
| "This code calculates the factorial of a given number recursively." | |
| ), | |
| "fibonacci": ( | |
| "To find the Fibonacci series in Python, you can use a loop or recursion.\n\n" | |
| "Example:\n" | |
| "```python\n" | |
| "def fibonacci(n):\n" | |
| " fib_sequence = [0, 1]\n" | |
| " for i in range(2, n):\n" | |
| " fib_sequence.append(fib_sequence[-1] + fib_sequence[-2])\n" | |
| " return fib_sequence\n\n" | |
| "# Test the function\n" | |
| "num = 10\n" | |
| "print(f'The first {num} Fibonacci numbers are: {fibonacci(num)}')\n" | |
| "```\n" | |
| "This code generates the first `n` numbers in the Fibonacci series." | |
| ), | |
| "if-else": ( | |
| "The if-else statement is used for decision-making in Python. It allows the program to execute one block of code if a condition is true, and another block if it is false.\n\n" | |
| "Example:\n" | |
| "```python\n" | |
| "num = 10\n" | |
| "if num % 2 == 0:\n" | |
| " print('Even number')\n" | |
| "else:\n" | |
| " print('Odd number')\n" | |
| "```\n" | |
| "This code checks if a number is even or odd and prints the result." | |
| ), | |
| "if else": ( | |
| "The if-else statement is used for decision-making in Python. It allows the program to execute one block of code if a condition is true, and another block if it is false.\n\n" | |
| "Example:\n" | |
| "```python\n" | |
| "num = 10\n" | |
| "if num % 2 == 0:\n" | |
| " print('Even number')\n" | |
| "else:\n" | |
| " print('Odd number')\n" | |
| "```\n" | |
| "This code checks if a number is even or odd and prints the result." | |
| ), | |
| "what is shallow copy": ( | |
| "A shallow copy creates a new object but references the same nested objects as the original. Changes to nested objects in the copied object will affect the original.\n\n" | |
| "Example:\n" | |
| "```python\n" | |
| "import copy\n" | |
| "original = [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]]\n" | |
| "shallow = copy.copy(original)\n" | |
| "shallow[0][0] = 100\n" | |
| "print('Original:', original) # Nested list is affected\n" | |
| "print('Shallow:', shallow)\n" | |
| "```\n" | |
| "This code demonstrates how modifying a shallow copy affects the original object's nested elements." | |
| ), | |
| "difference between deep and shallow copy": ( | |
| "In Python, a shallow copy creates a new object, but nested objects are shared between the copy and the original. " | |
| "A deep copy creates a new object and recursively copies all nested objects, ensuring complete independence.\n\n" | |
| "Example:\n" | |
| "```python\n" | |
| "import copy\n" | |
| "original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n" | |
| "shallow = copy.copy(original)\n" | |
| "deep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n" | |
| "shallow[0][0] = 100 # Affects original\n" | |
| "deep[0][0] = 200 # Does not affect original\n" | |
| "```\n" | |
| ), | |
| "python libraries": ( | |
| "Python libraries are collections of pre-written code that simplify tasks. Popular libraries include NumPy (numerical computing), Pandas (data analysis), " | |
| "and Matplotlib (data visualization). Example:\n\n" | |
| "```python\n" | |
| "import pandas as pd\n" | |
| "data = {'Name': ['Alice', 'Bob'], 'Age': [25, 30]}\n" | |
| "df = pd.DataFrame(data)\n" | |
| "print(df)\n" | |
| "```\n" | |
| "This creates and displays a simple data table using Pandas." | |
| ), | |
| "can you provide a simple python code": ( | |
| "Sure! Here's a simple Python code to calculate the factorial of a number:\n\n" | |
| "```python\n" | |
| "def factorial(n):\n" | |
| " if n == 0 or n == 1:\n" | |
| " return 1\n" | |
| " else:\n" | |
| " return n * factorial(n-1)\n\n" | |
| "# Test the function\n" | |
| "num = 5\n" | |
| "print(f'The factorial of {num} is {factorial(num)}')\n" | |
| "```\n" | |
| ), | |
| "explain ai": ( | |
| "Artificial Intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence by machines, allowing them to perform tasks like problem-solving, decision-making, and learning." | |
| ), | |
| "datatypes examples": ( | |
| "Sure! In Python, data types are known as classes. Here are some common data types with examples:\n\n" | |
| "- **Integer (`int`)**:\n" | |
| " ```python\n" | |
| " num = 10\n" | |
| " print(type(num)) # Output: <class 'int'>\n" | |
| " ```\n\n" | |
| "- **String (`str`)**:\n" | |
| " ```python\n" | |
| " text = 'Hello, World!'\n" | |
| " print(type(text)) # Output: <class 'str'>\n" | |
| " ```\n\n" | |
| "- **List (`list`)**:\n" | |
| " ```python\n" | |
| " items = [1, 2, 3]\n" | |
| " print(type(items)) # Output: <class 'list'>\n" | |
| " ```" | |
| ), | |
| "for loop": ( | |
| "A `for` loop in Python is used to iterate over a sequence and execute a block of code for each item.\n\n" | |
| "Example:\n" | |
| "```python\n" | |
| "fruits = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n" | |
| "for fruit in fruits:\n" | |
| " print(fruit)\n" | |
| "```\n" | |
| "This code prints each fruit from the list." | |
| ), | |
| "add": ( | |
| "To add two numbers in Python, you can use the `+` operator.\n\n" | |
| "Example:\n" | |
| "```python\n" | |
| "a = 5\n" | |
| "b = 3\n" | |
| "result = a + b\n" | |
| "print(f'The sum of {a} and {b} is {result}')\n" | |
| "```\n" | |
| "This code adds two numbers and prints the result." | |
| ), | |
| "how to read a string": ( | |
| "To read a string in Python, you can use the `input()` function. This function takes user input and returns it as a string.\n\n" | |
| "Example:\n" | |
| "```python\n" | |
| "name = input('Enter your name: ')\n" | |
| "print(f'Hello, {name}!')\n" | |
| "```\n" | |
| "This code asks the user to enter their name and then prints a greeting message." | |
| ) | |
| } | |