"""
Plugin loader for dynamically loading scanner plugins.

Supports loading plugins from:
- Built-in plugins package
- Custom plugin directories
- Module paths
"""

from __future__ import annotations

import importlib
import importlib.util
import sys
from pathlib import Path
from typing import Dict, List, Optional, Type

from .base import ScannerPlugin, PluginRegistry


class PluginLoader:
    """
    Load and manage scanner plugins from various sources.

    Supports:
    - Loading built-in plugins from plugins.builtin package
    - Loading plugins from custom directories
    - Loading plugins from module paths
    - Discovering plugins automatically

    Features:
    - Module-level caching to avoid reloading
    - Plugin metadata caching
    - Efficient registry lookups
    """

    def __init__(self, registry: Optional[PluginRegistry] = None):
        """
        Initialize loader.

        Args:
            registry: PluginRegistry to load plugins into. If None, creates new registry.
        """
        self.registry = registry or PluginRegistry()
        self._loaded_modules: Dict[str, any] = {}  # Cache loaded module objects
        self._loaded_plugins: Dict[str, ScannerPlugin] = {}  # Cache loaded plugin instances
        self._builtin_loaded: bool = False  # Flag: builtin plugins loaded

    def load_builtin_plugins(self) -> Dict[str, ScannerPlugin]:
        """
        Load all built-in plugins from the builtin package.

        Uses caching to avoid reloading plugins that are already loaded.

        Returns:
            Dict mapping plugin name -> loaded plugin instance
        """
        # Return cached plugins if already loaded
        if self._builtin_loaded and self._loaded_plugins:
            print(f"[PluginLoader] Using cached builtin plugins ({len(self._loaded_plugins)} plugins)")
            return self._loaded_plugins.copy()

        plugins = {}
        builtin_dir = Path(__file__).parent / "builtin"

        if not builtin_dir.exists():
            print(f"[PluginLoader] Builtin plugins directory not found: {builtin_dir}")
            return plugins

        for plugin_file in builtin_dir.glob("*.py"):
            if plugin_file.name.startswith("_"):
                continue

            module_name = plugin_file.stem

            # Check if already loaded
            if module_name in self._loaded_plugins:
                plugins[module_name] = self._loaded_plugins[module_name]
                print(f"[PluginLoader] Using cached plugin: {module_name}")
                continue

            try:
                plugin = self._load_plugin_from_file(
                    plugin_file,
                    f"security_gateway.plugins.builtin.{module_name}",
                )
                if plugin:
                    plugins[module_name] = plugin
                    # Cache the plugin instance
                    self._loaded_plugins[module_name] = plugin
                    print(f"[PluginLoader] Loaded builtin plugin: {module_name}")
            except Exception as e:
                print(f"[PluginLoader] Failed to load builtin plugin '{module_name}': {e}")

        # Mark builtin plugins as loaded
        if plugins:
            self._builtin_loaded = True

        return plugins

    def load_from_directory(self, directory: str) -> Dict[str, ScannerPlugin]:
        """
        Load plugins from a directory.

        Scans directory for .py files and attempts to instantiate ScannerPlugin subclasses.

        Args:
            directory: Path to directory containing plugins

        Returns:
            Dict mapping plugin name -> loaded plugin instance
        """
        plugins = {}
        dir_path = Path(directory)

        if not dir_path.exists() or not dir_path.is_dir():
            raise ValueError(f"Plugin directory not found: {directory}")

        for plugin_file in dir_path.glob("*.py"):
            if plugin_file.name.startswith("_"):
                continue

            module_name = plugin_file.stem
            try:
                plugin = self._load_plugin_from_file(
                    plugin_file,
                    f"custom_plugin_{module_name}",
                )
                if plugin:
                    plugins[module_name] = plugin
                    print(f"[PluginLoader] Loaded plugin from {directory}: {module_name}")
            except Exception as e:
                print(f"[PluginLoader] Failed to load plugin '{module_name}': {e}")

        return plugins

    def load_from_module(self, module_path: str) -> Optional[ScannerPlugin]:
        """
        Load a plugin from a module path.

        Example: "security_gateway.plugins.builtin.path_traversal"

        Args:
            module_path: Full Python module path

        Returns:
            Loaded ScannerPlugin instance, or None if not found
        """
        try:
            if module_path in self._loaded_modules:
                return self._loaded_modules[module_path]

            module = importlib.import_module(module_path)
            plugin = self._extract_plugin_from_module(module)

            if plugin:
                self._loaded_modules[module_path] = plugin
                print(f"[PluginLoader] Loaded plugin from module: {module_path}")

            return plugin
        except ImportError as e:
            print(f"[PluginLoader] Failed to import module '{module_path}': {e}")
            return None
        except Exception as e:
            print(f"[PluginLoader] Failed to load plugin from module '{module_path}': {e}")
            return None

    def _load_plugin_from_file(self, filepath: Path, module_name: str) -> Optional[ScannerPlugin]:
        """
        Load a single plugin from a Python file.

        Uses module caching to avoid reloading the same module.

        Args:
            filepath: Path to .py file
            module_name: Name to give the loaded module

        Returns:
            Loaded ScannerPlugin instance, or None if not found
        """
        # Check if module already loaded and cached
        if module_name in self._loaded_modules:
            return self._extract_plugin_from_module(self._loaded_modules[module_name])

        try:
            spec = importlib.util.spec_from_file_location(module_name, filepath)
            if not spec or not spec.loader:
                return None

            module = importlib.util.module_from_spec(spec)
            sys.modules[module_name] = module
            spec.loader.exec_module(module)

            # Cache the loaded module
            self._loaded_modules[module_name] = module

            return self._extract_plugin_from_module(module)
        except Exception as e:
            print(f"[PluginLoader] Error loading file {filepath}: {e}")
            return None

    def _extract_plugin_from_module(self, module: any) -> Optional[ScannerPlugin]:
        """
        Extract ScannerPlugin instance from a loaded module.

        Looks for:
        1. A 'plugin' attribute that is a ScannerPlugin instance
        2. A class that inherits from ScannerPlugin and instantiates it

        Args:
            module: Loaded Python module

        Returns:
            ScannerPlugin instance, or None if not found
        """
        # Check for 'plugin' attribute
        if hasattr(module, "plugin") and isinstance(module.plugin, ScannerPlugin):
            return module.plugin

        # Look for ScannerPlugin subclasses
        for attr_name in dir(module):
            attr = getattr(module, attr_name)
            if (
                isinstance(attr, type)
                and issubclass(attr, ScannerPlugin)
                and attr is not ScannerPlugin
            ):
                try:
                    return attr()
                except Exception as e:
                    print(f"[PluginLoader] Failed to instantiate {attr_name}: {e}")

        return None

    def register_plugin(self, plugin: ScannerPlugin, auto_discover: bool = True) -> bool:
        """
        Register a plugin with the registry.

        Args:
            plugin: ScannerPlugin instance
            auto_discover: If True, automatically load dependencies

        Returns:
            True if registered, False if already registered
        """
        try:
            self.registry.register(plugin)
            metadata = plugin.get_metadata()
            print(f"[PluginLoader] Registered plugin: {metadata.name} v{metadata.version}")
            return True
        except ValueError as e:
            print(f"[PluginLoader] Registration failed: {e}")
            return False

    def load_and_register_builtin(self) -> int:
        """
        Load and register all built-in plugins.

        Returns:
            Number of plugins successfully loaded and registered
        """
        plugins = self.load_builtin_plugins()
        count = 0
        for plugin in plugins.values():
            if self.register_plugin(plugin):
                count += 1
        return count

    def load_and_register_from_directory(self, directory: str) -> int:
        """
        Load and register plugins from a directory.

        Args:
            directory: Path to plugin directory

        Returns:
            Number of plugins successfully loaded and registered
        """
        plugins = self.load_from_directory(directory)
        count = 0
        for plugin in plugins.values():
            if self.register_plugin(plugin):
                count += 1
        return count

    def get_registry(self) -> PluginRegistry:
        """Get the plugin registry."""
        return self.registry

    def get_cache_status(self) -> Dict[str, any]:
        """
        Get current cache status and statistics.

        Returns:
            Dict with cache metrics
        """
        return {
            "loaded_modules": len(self._loaded_modules),
            "loaded_plugins": len(self._loaded_plugins),
            "builtin_loaded": self._builtin_loaded,
            "registered_plugins": len(self.registry.get_all_plugins()),
            "enabled_plugins": len(self.registry.get_enabled_plugins()),
            "module_names": list(self._loaded_modules.keys()),
            "plugin_names": list(self._loaded_plugins.keys()),
        }

    def clear_caches(self) -> None:
        """
        Clear all plugin and module caches.

        WARNING: This removes cached instances and forces reload on next load.
        Use only for testing or plugin reload scenarios.
        """
        self._loaded_modules.clear()
        self._loaded_plugins.clear()
        self._builtin_loaded = False
        print("[PluginLoader] Plugin caches cleared")

    def get_loaded_plugin_names(self) -> List[str]:
        """Get list of all loaded plugin names."""
        return list(self._loaded_plugins.keys())

    def is_plugin_loaded(self, plugin_name: str) -> bool:
        """Check if a specific plugin is loaded."""
        return plugin_name in self._loaded_plugins