outcomes = {
    "Introduction to Biology": '''
                Appreciate that:
                a) biology is the study of life (k)
                b) biology is applied in everyday life (u)
                c) life processes are common to all living things, but they are manifested differently in different organisms (u)
                ''',
    "Cells": '''
                a) know that the basic unit of living organisms is a cell (k)
                b) know and understand the structure and functions of a typical animal cell and plant cell (k, u, s)
                c) understand the structure of specialized cells in terms of their functions in an organism (u)
                d) understand levels of organization in organisms (cell, tissue, organ, system, organism) (u)
                ''',
    "Classification": '''
                a) understand the concept of classification of organisms at different levels (u)
                b) understand that each organism has a Latin name consisting of the genus followed by the species (u)
                ''',
    "The Five Kingdoms of Living Organisms": '''
                a) identify three characteristics (cell structure, cell organization, and mode of feeding) of organisms in kingdom Monera, kingdom Protoctista and kingdom Fungi (u)
                b) know examples of organisms belonging to kingdom Monera, kingdom Protoctista and kingdom Fungi (k)
                c) understand the value of microorganisms in food-making processes (u)
                d) identify three characteristics (cell structure, mode of feeding, and photosynthetic pigment) of organisms in kingdom Plantae (u)
                e) know examples of organisms from each of the following categories: vascular & non-vascular, angiosperms & gymnosperms, monocots & dicots in kingdom Plantae (No drawings required) (k)
                f) identify three characteristics (cell structure, mode of feeding, and body system) for organisms in kingdom Animalia (u)
                g) know examples of organisms belonging to the following phyla: Platyhelminthes, Nematoda, Annelida and Mollusca (No characteristics required)
                h) identify and describe the common observable characteristics and give examples of organisms from phyla Arthropoda including its classes (No drawings required) (u)
                i) Identify and describe the common observable characteristics (types of teeth, temperature regulation, habitat, reproduction, and gas exchange) and give examples of organisms from the phylum Chordata and its classes. No details of the reproduction process should be given (u)
                ''',
    "Viruses": '''
                a) understand that viruses have characteristics similar to other living organisms, and key differences (u)
                b) understand the symptoms, transmission and prevention of the following viruses; HIV, Ebola, hepatitis, and Cassava mosaic (u, v)
                ''',
    "Insects": '''
                a) identify the observable external features of a housefly, cockroach, mosquito, termite, bee, and butterfly (No details of mouth parts required) (k, s)
                b) construct a dichotomous key (s)
                c) appreciate the useful and harmful effects of a housefly, cockroach, mosquito, bee, and butterfly (u) (v)
                d) know the different methods of controlling the harmful stages of a housefly, cockroach, mosquito, and butterfly (u)
                ''',
    "Flowering Plants": '''
                a) know the external parts of a typical flowering plant (k, u)
                b) understand how the structures of monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits suit their functions (u)
                c) Classify leaves (a)
                ''',
    "Physical and Chemical Properties of Soil": '''
                a) identify the types of soil (u, v)
                b) determine soil constituents and identify their properties (u, s)
                c) understand that different soil samples have different properties: water retention, drainage, capillarity and pH; learners conduct experiments to investigate these properties (u, s)
                d) carry out experiments to find the percentage of air, water and humus in a soil sample (u, s)
                e) understand the importance of air and water in soil to other living organisms (u)
                ''',
    "Soil Erosion and Conservation: Causes, Effects, and Prevention": '''
                a) know the features of fertile soil (k)
                b) understand the process of and factors leading to soil erosion (u)
                c) understand the causes of reduced soil fertility and describe methods of soil conservation (u, v)
                d) understand the importance of microorganisms in the nitrogen and other cycles that keep soil fertile (u)
                e) outline the processes involved in the nitrogen cycle (u)
                ''',
    "Nutrition Types and Nutrient Compounds": '''
                a) understand the term nutrition (k, u)
                b) identify the food nutrients, their sources, and importance to humans (u)
                c) perform food tests for various nutrients (only quality testing required) (s)
                d) appreciate the importance of a diet containing the different nutrients (u, v)
                e) appreciate the concept of balanced diet in relation to age, sex, and an individual’s activity (u, v)
                f) appreciate the causes and effects of nutrient deficiency in humans including diseases related to malnutrition (u, s)
                g) calculate body mass index (BMI) and explain its implication (s, v)
                h) identify the major plant mineral nutrients (N, P, K, Mg, Ca, S, Mg), their role, and the symptoms of deficiencies (u)
                ''',
    "Nutrition in Green Plants": '''
                a) understand the meaning of autotrophic and heterotrophic nutrition (k)
                b) derive the meaning of the term photosynthesis and understand the process (u, s)
                c) perform experiments to investigate the factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis (s, gs)
                d) appreciate the structures and adaptations that enable a leaf to carry out the process of photosynthesis (k, u)
                ''',
    "Nutrition in Mammals": '''
                a) understand the role of enzymes in influencing life processes; and appreciate that the working of enzymes may be affected by different factors (No details of lock and key mechanism required) (u, s)
                b) conduct experiments on and explain the effects of pH and temperature on enzyme activity (s, gs)
                c) understand the effect of pH and temperature on enzyme activity (u)
                d) know and identify different types of mammalian teeth, and relate their structure and position in the jaw to diet (k, u, s)
                e) understand the importance of oral hygiene, and describe good practice in caring for teeth and gums in humans (u, v)
                f) appreciate the structure of the different parts of the mammalian alimentary canal, and its role in the digestion of food (k, u)
                g) understand how the end products of digestion are absorbed and assimilated (u)
                ''',

    "Energy changes during chemical reactions": '''
                 a. recognise and appreciate the energy changes during chemical reactions (k, u)
                 ''',
    
    "Atomic structure and nuclear processes": '''
                a. understand atomic structure, the processes of nuclear fission and fusion, the use we can make of them, and the dangers associated with them (k, u)
                b. understand the spontaneous and random nature of nuclear decay and interpret decay data in terms of half-life (u, s)
                c. understand and appreciate that there are significant social, political, and environmental dimensions associated with use of nuclear power (u)
                ''',
    
    "Using materials": '''
                a. know that materials used in everyday life can be classified into natural and synthetic groups (k, u)
                b. understand how the physical properties of polymers determine uses in everyday life such as in building, as fabrics, fabricating utensils used in homes, etc. (k, u)
                c. know how common materials can pollute environment and which materials can be recycled (k)
                ''',
    
    "Carbon in life": '''
                a. appreciate the diversity of organic carbon compounds including alkanes, alkenes, alcohols, and fatty acids (u, s)
                b. understand that crude oil is a mixture of different alkanes which can be separated by fractional distillation; that these products are used in fuels and to make other useful products (k, u)
                c. know and appreciate that natural gas deposits are found worldwide, that their main constituent is methane and that gas deposits are a useful source of fuels and chemical feedstock (k, u)
                d. appreciate that biogas is a carbon-based fuel useful for cooking and lighting (u, s)
                e. know some common synthetic and natural polymers and how their properties relate to their uses (u, s)
                f. understand and appreciate that alcohols form a group of compounds of which ethanol is a typical member and has many uses (u, s)
                g. understand how ethanol is made naturally by fermentation of sugars and other organic substances, and be aware of the dangers of abuse of ethanol (u, s)
                h. know the process of making soapy detergents from natural fats and oils and appreciate that soaps are effective in removing oily stains (u, s)
                ''',
    
    "Temporary and permanent changes to materials": '''
                a. understand occurrence of temporary and permanent changes, and their importance in everyday life (u, s)
                ''',
    
    "Mixtures, elements and compounds": '''
                a. know the criteria for determining whether a substance is pure or not (k, s)
                b. understand that substances are either elements, mixtures or compounds (u)
                c. identify different mixtures and devise ways of separating pure substances from them (u, s)
                d. know that, when added together, some liquids mix while others form two layers (k)
                ''',
    
    "Structures and bonds": '''
                a. understand that atoms are the building blocks from which all matter is made (u)
                b. understand the terms: ‘element’, ‘atom’, ‘molecule,’ and ‘compound’, and appreciate how they are related (u)
                c. understand how atoms of different elements differ in their subatomic structure (u)
                d. appreciate that atoms are made up of subatomic particles and know the properties of these particles (k, u)
                e. understand the terms relative atomic mass, proton number, nucleon number and isotopes (u, s)
                f. understand and appreciate that the atoms of elements join together to form compounds (u, s)
                g. understand the processes involved in the formation of ionic, covalent and metallic bonds (u)
                h. recognise the difference in the physical properties of ionic and covalent compounds and relate them to their bonding (u, s)
                ''',
    
    "Air": '''
                a. understand that air is a mixture of different gases that can be separated and used (k, u)
                b. understand how air pollution can affect the atmosphere (u)
                c. understand and appreciate that processes such as burning and rusting/corrosion use oxygen from the air to form oxides (k, u)
                ''',
    
    "Formulae, stoichiometry and mole concept": '''
                a. understand the concepts of relative atomic mass and relative molecular mass (k, u)
                b. analyse the relationship between the number of moles and the number of particles (k, u)
                c. analyse the relationship between the number of moles of a substance and its mass (k, u)
                d. analyse the relationship between the number of moles of a gas and its volume (k, u)
                e. synthesise chemical formulae (u)
                f. interpret chemical equations (k, u)
                g. practise scientific attitudes and values in investigating matter (u)
                ''',
    
    "Oxidation and reduction reactions": '''
                a. understand the importance of oxidation and reduction reactions in our everyday lives (u, s)
                b. explain redox reactions in terms of electron transfer (u)
                c. understand the changes that take place during the electrolysis of some compounds (u, s)
                ''',
    
    "Industrial processes": '''
                a. know about some of the main industries that produce useful chemicals (k, u)
                b. understand the processes for obtaining useful chemicals from rocks (k, u)
                c. understand the processes involved in extracting and purifying metals, with particular reference to processes used in Uganda (k, u)
                d. understand the importance of nitrates as fertilisers in food production and know how they are produced from the nitrogen in the air (k, u)
                e. outline four industrial processes that make use of natural resources obtained in Uganda (k, u)
                f. recognise the importance of industrial processes in utilising natural resources to make useful chemicals, and appreciate that industrial processes have social benefits and cause problems of pollution and environmental destruction (u, s)
                g. describe some of the dangers to the community arising from these industrial processes and the steps that may be taken to minimise these dangers (u)
                h. understand the process in the manufacture of lime and cement (u)
                i. understand the production of alkali and chlorine by the electrolysis of salt solution (u)
                j. evaluate uses of synthetic polymers (u)
                ''',
    
    "Chemicals for consumers": '''
                a. analyse properties of soap and detergent and compare and contrast them (u, s)
                b. evaluate the use of food additives (k, u, s)
                c. understand the importance of chemicals in medicine (k, u)
                d. appreciate the importance of the chemical industry and its contribution to our lives (u)
                ''',
    
    "States and changes of states of matter": '''
                a. understand that matter is anything which occupies space and has mass and can exist in a solid, liquid, gas, and plasma form (u)
                b. understand that solids, liquids, and gases have different properties including shape, pouring, and compressing (u, s)
                c. know the kinetic theory of matter and use it to explain particle arrangement, inter-particle forces, movement of particles and the properties of solids, liquids, and gases (k, u)
                d. understand that a change from one state to another involves either heat gain or heat loss (u, s)
                e. appreciate the cooling effect of evaporation and how this can be used to cool objects (u, s)
                ''',
    
    "The periodic table": '''
                a. understand that elements can be grouped into metals and non-metals and relate the physical properties of metals and non-metals to their uses (k, u, s)
                b. know that the Periodic Table is a classification of elements according to their atomic or proton number (k)
                c. relate the arrangement of electrons in the first 20 elements to their position in the Periodic Table (u, s)
                d. understand the relationship between the position of elements in groups and the charge on the ions that they form (u)
                ''',
    
    "Trends in the periodic table": '''
                a. know the trends in physical properties of the elements across the periods in the Periodic Table (k)
                b. know the trends in typical, physical, and chemical properties of simple compounds of the elements of the third period (u, s)
                c. predict physical and chemical properties of different elements in Group 1 (u, s)
                ''',
"Reflection of Light by Curved Surfaces": '''
                a. understand the properties of converging and diverging lenses, and how they are used in everyday life (k, u, s)
                b. understand how lenses are used in optical systems such as the magnifying glass, correcting sight in the human eye and in camera lenses (k, u, v/a)
                ''',

"The Effects of Forces": '''
                a. know that a force is a push or a pull and that the unit of force is the Newton(k)
                b. know the effects of balanced and unbalanced forces on objects (k, s)
                c. understand the existence of the force of gravity and distinguish between mass and weight (u)
                ''',

"Nuclear Decay and Radioactivity": '''
                a. understand the spontaneous and random nature of nuclear decay and interpret decay data in terms of half-life (k, u, s)
                b. know the applications of radioactivity and the dangers associated with exposure to radioactive materials (k, u)
                c. understand and appreciate that there are significant social, political, and environmental dimensions associated with use of nuclear power (u, v/a)
                ''',

"The Solar System": '''
                a. know the relative sizes, positions, and motions of the earth, sun and moon (k, u)
                b. understand how day and night occur and demonstrate the phases of the moon (u, s)
                c. understand the roles of the sun, earth and moon in explaining time, seasons, eclipses, and ocean tides (k, u, gs)
                ''',

"Linear and Non-linear Motion": '''
                a. understand and apply the relationship between speed, distance, and time (u, s)
                b. understand the terms: linear motion, speed, average speed, acceleration, and be able to investigate resistance to motion (u, s)
                c. know and use the equations of motion (u, s)
                ''',

"Heat and Temperature": '''
                a. Understand the difference between heat and temperature (u)
                b. Understand how temperature scales are established (u)
                c. Calibrate a thermometer and use it to measure temperature (s, u)
                ''',

"Modes of Heat Transfer": '''
                a. understand how heat energy is transferred and the rate at which transfer takes place (u, s)
                b. understand what is happening at particle level when conduction, convection, and radiation take place (u)
                ''',

"Refraction of Light": '''
                a. understand that light may be refracted as it passes from one medium to another and that this has both consequences and uses (u, s, v/a)
                b. understand the concept of refractive index (u, s)
                c. understand the concept of total internal reflection (u)
                ''',

"Thermal Expansion": '''
                a. understand that substances expand on heating, and recognize some applications of expansion (u, s)
                b. understand the effect and consequences of changes in heat on volume and density of water (u, s)
                c. know about the anomalous expansion of water between 0ºC and 4 ºC and its implications (u, k, v/a)
                ''',

"Light Sources and Reflection": '''
                a. Know illuminated and light source objects in everyday life (u, s)
                b. understand how shadows are formed and that eclipses are natural forms of shadows (u)
                c. understand how the reflection of light from plane surfaces occurs and how we can make use of this (k, u, s, gs)
                ''',

"Electricity Distribution and Safety": '''
                a. understand the distribution of electricity from the source to consumer units (u)
                b. understand the energy transformations in common domestic electrical devices and how energy can be saved (u)
                c. understand how to use mains electricity safely and know the insulation colour codes used in domestic wiring (u, k, s)
                ''',

"Waves and Energy Transmission": '''
                a. understand that energy is transferred by waves, and these may be transverse or longitudinal (k, u)
                b. know and use the relationship between velocity, frequency, and wavelength (k, s)
                c. understand the propagation, properties, and uses of electromagnetic waves, and that white light is a mixture of frequencies but that light from a laser is a single frequency (u)
                ''',

"Work, Energy, and Power": '''
                a. know that the sun is our major source of energy, and the different forms of energy (k)
                b. know that energy can be changed from one form into another and understand the law of conservation of energy (k, u)
                c. understand the positive and negative effects of solar energy (u)
                ''',

"Sound Waves": '''
                a. understand that sound is an example of a wave form that requires a medium through which to travel, and determine its velocity in air by the echo method (k, s)
                b. understand that sound waves transmit energy and involve vibrations in a medium (k, s)
                ''',

"Heat Quantities and Vapours": '''
                a. understand and use the concepts of heat capacity and latent heat (k, u, s)
                b. know and explain the implications of the high values of the specific latent heat and the specific heat capacity of water (k, u)
                c. carry out calculations and investigations on specific heat capacity and specific latent heat (u, s)
                ''',

"Turning Effect of Forces and Stability": '''
                a. understand the turning effect of forces and its applications (u, s, v/a)
                b. understand and apply the concept of centre of gravity (u, s, v/a)
                ''',

"Stars and Stellar Evolution": '''
                a. know the source of energy in stars and appreciate the importance of the energy produced by the sun to the people on Earth (k, u)
                b. appreciate that stars vary in colour and brightness (u)
                c. know that stars have life cycles and that the fate of stars (white dwarfs, neutron stars and black holes) depends on their initial size (k, u)
                ''',

"Pressure in Solids and Fluids": '''
                a. understand that pressure is the result of a force applied over an area (u, s)
                b. understand the effect of depth on the pressure in a fluid and the implications of this (u, s)
                c. understand the nature of the atmosphere and how atmospheric pressure is measured (u, s)
                ''',

"Current Electricity": '''
                a. Understand what e.m.f is (u)
                b. understand that cells convert chemical energy into electrical energy, producing current and also the force needed to create a flow of current in a circuit (u, s)
                c. understand that electric cells are very useful sources of portable energy (k, u)
                ''',

"Magnetic Materials and Fields": '''
                a. know that a small number of materials are magnetic, but most are not (k)
                b. know how magnets can be made and destroyed (k, s)
                c. understand the behaviour of magnets and magnetic fields (u)
                ''',

"Physics and Laboratory Practice": '''
                a. understand the meaning of physics, its branches and why it is important to study Physics (u, v/a)
                b. understand why it is important to follow the laboratory rules and regulations (u, v/a)
                ''',

"Voltage, Resistance, and Ohm’s Law": '''
                a. understand electrical resistance, how it is measured, its relationship to current and voltage, and the factors that affect it (k, u, s)
                b. know the function and use of a diode, transistor, thermistor, LDR, LED and potentiometer (k, s)
                ''',

"Mechanical Properties of Materials": '''
                a. understand how the mechanical properties of common materials can be utilized in physical structures (u, s, v/a)
                b. understand that the tensile strength of materials is determined by the properties of the substances they are composed of (u)
                c. understand that heating changes the structure and properties of some materials (u)
                ''',

"Measurements in Physics": '''
                a. understand how to estimate and measure physical quantities: length, area, volume, mass, and time (u, s, gs)
                b. explain how they choose the right measuring instrument and units; explain how to use the instruments to ensure accuracy (u, s)
                c. appreciate that the accuracy of measurements may be improved by making several measurements and taking an average value (gs, v/a)
                ''',

"Electromagnetic Effects": '''
                a. investigate the behaviour of magnets and magnetic fields (u, s)
                b. understand how magnetic fields interact with electric fields and the applications of this phenomenon (u, s)
                ''',

"States of Matter": '''
                a. understand the meaning of matter (u)
                b. understand that atoms are the building blocks from which all matter is made; appreciate that the states of matter have different properties (k, u)
                c. apply the particle theory to explain diffusion and Brownian motion and their applications (s)
                ''',

"Atomic Structure": '''
                a. understand the structure of an atom in terms of a positive nucleus and negative electrons (u)
                b. understand the terms: atomic number, mass number, and isotopes, and use them to represent different nuclides (k, u)
                c. understand the methods by which electrons are ejected from/matter atoms and how these electrons are useful (u, v/a)
                ''',

"Electrostatics": '''
                a. understand everyday effects of static electricity and explain them in terms of the build-up and transfer of electrical charge (u, s)
                b. apply knowledge of electrostatic charge to explain lightning and other phenomena (u, s)
                ''',
"Digital Electronics": '''
                a. understand how resistors are used to make potential dividers in control and logic circuits (u, s)
                b. understand elementary logic and memory circuits that exploit devices such as bistable and astable switches, logic gates, and resistors as potential dividers (u, s)
                c. know that logic circuits are able to store and process binary information and that this can be exploited in an increasingly wide variety of digital instruments (k, u, s)
                ''',
}