{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "id": "9e641415",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import json\n",
    "\n",
    "with open('medicines.json', 'r') as file:\n",
    "    data = json.load(file)\n",
    "\n",
    "\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "id": "cc8a0bb7",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "18"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 10,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "len(data)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "id": "af375311",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "{'drug_name': 'Metformin',\n",
       " 'generic_name': 'metformin hydrochloride',\n",
       " 'drug_class': 'Biguanide (oral antidiabetic; non-sulfonylurea)',\n",
       " 'uses': ['Treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus to control high blood sugar, together with diet and exercise',\n",
       "  'Used alone or in combination with other diabetes medicines, including insulin'],\n",
       " 'indications': ['Type 2 diabetes mellitus (adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control)',\n",
       "  'Off-label per Drugs.com treatment guides: polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and insulin resistance'],\n",
       " 'common_side_effects': ['Diarrhea',\n",
       "  'Nausea',\n",
       "  'Upset stomach / stomach discomfort',\n",
       "  'Vomiting',\n",
       "  'Gas (flatulence)',\n",
       "  'Indigestion',\n",
       "  'Constipation',\n",
       "  'Metallic or altered taste',\n",
       "  'Headache',\n",
       "  'Weakness or lack of energy',\n",
       "  'Muscle pain',\n",
       "  'Flushing of the skin',\n",
       "  'Low blood sugar (mainly when combined with insulin or sulfonylureas)'],\n",
       " 'serious_side_effects': ['Lactic acidosis (rare, life-threatening): unusual muscle pain, trouble breathing, stomach pain, dizziness, feeling cold, slow or irregular heartbeat, severe weakness or tiredness',\n",
       "  'Severe hypoglycemia (low blood sugar)',\n",
       "  'Allergic reaction: hives, difficulty breathing, swelling of face, lips, tongue, or throat',\n",
       "  'Chest pain',\n",
       "  'Vitamin B12 deficiency with long-term use'],\n",
       " 'symptom_related_information': [{'symptom': 'Nausea, vomiting, or stomach pain',\n",
       "   'possible_relation_to_drug': 'Common gastrointestinal side effects, especially when starting; taking with food helps. However, when paired with unusual muscle pain, weakness, trouble breathing, or feeling cold, they can be early signs of lactic acidosis.',\n",
       "   'recommended_action': 'Mild GI upset at the start is common; take with meals. If symptoms are severe, persistent, or occur with muscle pain, weakness, difficulty breathing, or feeling cold, stop and seek emergency care.'},\n",
       "  {'symptom': 'Dizziness, lightheadedness, shakiness, sweating, or confusion',\n",
       "   'possible_relation_to_drug': 'May indicate low blood sugar (hypoglycemia), more likely when metformin is combined with insulin or a sulfonylurea.',\n",
       "   'recommended_action': 'Treat with a fast-acting sugar source; contact a healthcare professional if hypoglycemia is severe or recurrent. Do not change the dose without medical advice.'},\n",
       "  {'symptom': 'Diarrhea',\n",
       "   'possible_relation_to_drug': 'A common side effect, particularly at the start of treatment or after a dose increase.',\n",
       "   'recommended_action': 'Often improves over time and when taken with food; contact a healthcare professional if severe, persistent, or causing dehydration.'}],\n",
       " 'warnings': ['Boxed warning: risk of lactic acidosis, a rare but potentially fatal build-up of lactic acid; risk rises with kidney impairment, age 65+, contrast imaging, surgery, heart failure, liver impairment, and excessive alcohol',\n",
       "  'Temporarily stop before iodinated-contrast imaging and before surgery; restart only when kidney function is confirmed stable (about 48 hours after)',\n",
       "  'Not used to treat type 1 diabetes or diabetic ketoacidosis',\n",
       "  'Kidney function (eGFR) must be checked before and during treatment',\n",
       "  'May lower vitamin B12 levels with long-term use; periodic monitoring advised',\n",
       "  'Avoid excessive alcohol; it increases the risk of lactic acidosis and low blood sugar',\n",
       "  'May restore ovulation and increase the chance of unintended pregnancy in premenopausal women'],\n",
       " 'contraindications': ['Severe renal impairment (eGFR less than 30 mL/min/1.73 m2)',\n",
       "  'Acute or chronic metabolic acidosis, including diabetic ketoacidosis',\n",
       "  'Known hypersensitivity to metformin'],\n",
       " 'dosage_forms': ['Immediate-release oral tablet',\n",
       "  'Extended-release (long-acting) oral tablet',\n",
       "  'Oral solution / extended-release oral suspension (liquid)'],\n",
       " 'available_strengths': ['500 mg',\n",
       "  '625 mg',\n",
       "  '750 mg',\n",
       "  '850 mg',\n",
       "  '1000 mg',\n",
       "  '500 mg/5 mL (oral solution)'],\n",
       " 'usual_adult_dose': 'Immediate-release: start 500 mg twice daily or 850 mg once daily; usual maintenance about 2000 mg/day in divided doses; maximum 2550 mg/day. Extended-release: start 500-1000 mg once daily; maximum 2000 mg/day.',\n",
       " 'usual_adult_frequency': 'Immediate-release: 2 to 3 times daily with meals. Extended-release: once daily with the evening meal.',\n",
       " 'doses_per_day': None,\n",
       " 'meal_relation': 'Take with meals (with food) to reduce stomach upset; the extended-release form is taken with the evening meal',\n",
       " 'administration_instructions': 'Take by mouth with food. Swallow extended-release tablets whole - do not split, crush, or chew. Shake the oral suspension before measuring and use a proper dosing device, not a kitchen spoon. Take at the same time each day; continue even when feeling well and do not stop without medical advice.',\n",
       " 'missed_dose_instructions': 'Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for the next dose, skip the missed dose and continue the regular schedule. Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one.',\n",
       " 'storage_instructions': 'Store at room temperature in the original, tightly closed container, away from light, excess heat, and moisture (not in the bathroom). Keep out of reach of children. Extended-release oral suspension: store at 20-25 C (68-77 F) and discard reconstituted suspension after 100 days.',\n",
       " 'major_drug_interactions': [{'interacting_drug': 'Iodinated contrast dye (used in some X-ray/CT scans)',\n",
       "   'severity': 'high',\n",
       "   'description': 'Iodinated contrast can acutely reduce kidney function and decrease metformin clearance.',\n",
       "   'clinical_effect': 'Increased risk of metformin-associated lactic acidosis.',\n",
       "   'recommended_gap_hours': 48},\n",
       "  {'interacting_drug': 'Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (topiramate, acetazolamide, dichlorphenamide, methazolamide, zonisamide)',\n",
       "   'severity': 'high',\n",
       "   'description': \"These agents can cause metabolic acidosis, which adds to metformin's lactic acidosis risk.\",\n",
       "   'clinical_effect': 'Increased risk of lactic acidosis.',\n",
       "   'recommended_gap_hours': None},\n",
       "  {'interacting_drug': 'Insulin and insulin secretagogues (e.g., sulfonylureas such as glipizide, glyburide)',\n",
       "   'severity': 'moderate',\n",
       "   'description': 'Additive blood-sugar-lowering effect when combined with metformin.',\n",
       "   'clinical_effect': 'Increased risk of hypoglycemia; a lower dose of insulin or secretagogue may be needed.',\n",
       "   'recommended_gap_hours': None}],\n",
       " 'drug_food_interactions': [{'food_or_beverage': 'Alcohol',\n",
       "   'description': 'Excessive or binge alcohol use increases the risk of lactic acidosis and can cause low blood sugar; limit alcohol and ask your doctor what amount is safe.'}],\n",
       " 'drug_disease_interactions': [{'disease_or_condition': 'Severe kidney disease / renal impairment',\n",
       "   'description': 'Contraindicated at eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73 m2; reduced clearance raises lactic acidosis risk.'},\n",
       "  {'disease_or_condition': 'Metabolic acidosis / diabetic ketoacidosis',\n",
       "   'description': 'Contraindicated; metformin can worsen the acid-base disturbance.'},\n",
       "  {'disease_or_condition': 'Heart failure / hypoxic states',\n",
       "   'description': 'Increase the risk of lactic acidosis.'},\n",
       "  {'disease_or_condition': 'Liver impairment / chronic alcoholism',\n",
       "   'description': 'Not recommended; increases lactic acidosis risk.'}],\n",
       " 'monitoring_requirements': ['Kidney function (eGFR) at baseline and at least annually (more often if at risk)',\n",
       "  'Blood glucose and HbA1c for glycemic control',\n",
       "  'Periodic vitamin B12 levels, especially with peripheral neuropathy or anemia',\n",
       "  'Hematologic parameters annually'],\n",
       " 'patient_counseling_points': ['Take with meals to reduce stomach upset; GI symptoms often ease over time.',\n",
       "  'Learn the symptoms of lactic acidosis (muscle pain, trouble breathing, unusual tiredness, feeling cold) and seek emergency care if they occur.',\n",
       "  'Tell your care team before any surgery or imaging with contrast dye - metformin may need to be paused.',\n",
       "  'Continue taking even if you feel well; do not stop without consulting your doctor.',\n",
       "  'Limit alcohol.',\n",
       "  'Empty tablet shells from the extended-release form may appear in the stool; this is normal.'],\n",
       " 'caregiver_notes': 'Help the person take metformin with meals at consistent times, watch for warning signs of lactic acidosis and low blood sugar, keep lab appointments for kidney function and vitamin B12, and make sure clinicians are told before any surgery or contrast imaging. Do not adjust the dose without medical advice.',\n",
       " 'ai_assistant_response_guidelines': {'when_user_reports_symptoms': ['The assistant should identify whether the symptom is a known medication side effect.',\n",
       "   'The assistant should mention possible medication-related causes only when supported by sources.',\n",
       "   'The assistant should advise contacting a healthcare professional for serious or concerning symptoms.'],\n",
       "  'when_user_asks_how_to_take_medication': ['Provide administration instructions.',\n",
       "   'Provide number of doses per day when available.',\n",
       "   'Include meal timing recommendations when available.'],\n",
       "  'when_user_reports_multiple_medications': ['Check possible drug-drug interactions.',\n",
       "   'Highlight high-risk combinations.',\n",
       "   'Explain interaction risks clearly.']},\n",
       " 'sources': [{'source_name': 'MedlinePlus (NLM)',\n",
       "   'url': 'https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a696005.html'},\n",
       "  {'source_name': 'Drugs.com', 'url': 'https://www.drugs.com/metformin.html'},\n",
       "  {'source_name': 'Drugs.com - Dosage',\n",
       "   'url': 'https://www.drugs.com/dosage/metformin.html'}]}"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 11,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "data[0]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "91dd309f",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# from langchain_core.documents import Document\n",
    "\n",
    "# def make_chunks(drug):\n",
    "#     name = drug[\"drug_name\"]\n",
    "#     prefix = f\"Drug: {name} ({drug['drug_class']})\"\n",
    "  \n",
    "#     meta = {\"drug_name\": name}\n",
    "    \n",
    "#     chunks = [\n",
    "#         Document(page_content=f\"{prefix} | Uses: {drug['uses']} | Indications: {drug['indications']}\", metadata={**meta, \"chunk_type\": \"uses\"}),\n",
    "#         Document(page_content=f\"{prefix} | Common side effects: {drug['common_side_effects']} | Serious: {drug['serious_side_effects']}\", metadata={**meta, \"chunk_type\": \"side_effects\"}),\n",
    "#         Document(page_content=f\"{prefix} | Warnings: {drug['warnings']} | Contraindications: {drug['contraindications']} | Disease interactions: {drug['drug_disease_interactions']}\", metadata={**meta, \"chunk_type\": \"warnings\"}),\n",
    "#         Document(page_content=f\"{prefix} | Dose: {drug['usual_adult_dose']} | Frequency: {drug['usual_adult_frequency']} | Administration: {drug['administration_instructions']} | Missed dose: {drug['missed_dose_instructions']} | Storage: {drug['storage_instructions']}\", metadata={**meta, \"chunk_type\": \"dosage\"}),\n",
    "#         Document(page_content=f\"{prefix} | Drug interactions: {drug['major_drug_interactions']} | Food interactions: {drug['drug_food_interactions']}\", metadata={**meta, \"chunk_type\": \"interactions\"}),\n",
    "#         Document(page_content=f\"{prefix} | Monitoring: {drug['monitoring_requirements']} | Counseling: {drug['patient_counseling_points']}\", metadata={**meta, \"chunk_type\": \"monitoring\"}),\n",
    "#     ]\n",
    "    \n",
    "#     for symptom in drug.get(\"symptom_related_information\", []):\n",
    "#         chunks.append(Document(\n",
    "#             page_content=f\"{prefix} | Symptom: {symptom['symptom']} | {symptom['possible_relation_to_drug']}\",\n",
    "#             metadata={**meta, \"chunk_type\": \"symptom\"}\n",
    "#         ))\n",
    "    \n",
    "#     return chunks"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 32,
   "id": "14359d7c",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "from langchain_core.documents import Document\n",
    "\n",
    "def make_chunks(drug):\n",
    "    name = drug[\"drug_name\"]\n",
    "    prefix = f\"Drug: {name} ({drug['drug_class']})\"\n",
    "    sources = json.dumps(drug.get(\"sources\", []))\n",
    "    meta = {\"drug_name\": name, \"sources\": sources}\n",
    "\n",
    "    sources = drug.get(\"sources\", [])\n",
    "\n",
    "    uses = \"\\n- \".join(drug['uses'])\n",
    "    indications = \"\\n- \".join(drug['indications'])\n",
    "    common_side_effects = \"\\n- \".join(drug['common_side_effects'])\n",
    "    serious_side_effects = \"\\n- \".join(drug['serious_side_effects'])\n",
    "    warnings = \"\\n- \".join(drug['warnings'])\n",
    "    contraindications = \"\\n- \".join(drug['contraindications'])\n",
    "    monitoring_requirements = \"\\n- \".join(drug['monitoring_requirements'])\n",
    "    patient_counseling_points = \"\\n- \".join(drug['patient_counseling_points'])\n",
    "\n",
    "    ## dict inside list\n",
    "\n",
    "    disease_interactions = \"\\n- \".join(f\"{d['disease_or_condition']}: {d['description']}\" for d in drug['drug_disease_interactions'])\n",
    "    drug_interactions = \"\\n- \".join(f\"{d['interacting_drug']}: {d['description']}\" for d in drug['major_drug_interactions'])\n",
    "    food_interactions = \"\\n- \".join(f\"{d['food_or_beverage']}: {d['description']}\" for d in drug['drug_food_interactions'])\n",
    "\n",
    "    chunks = [\n",
    "        Document(page_content=f\"{prefix} | Uses: {uses} | Indications: {indications}\", metadata={**meta, \"chunk_type\": \"uses\"}),\n",
    "        Document(page_content=f\"{prefix} | Common side effects: {common_side_effects} | Serious: {serious_side_effects}\", metadata={**meta, \"chunk_type\": \"side_effects\"}),\n",
    "        Document(page_content=f\"{prefix} | Warnings: {warnings} | Contraindications: {contraindications} | Disease interactions: {disease_interactions}\", metadata={**meta, \"chunk_type\": \"warnings\"}),\n",
    "        Document(page_content=f\"{prefix} | Dose: {drug['usual_adult_dose']} | Frequency: {drug['usual_adult_frequency']} | Administration: {drug['administration_instructions']} | Missed dose: {drug['missed_dose_instructions']} | Storage: {drug['storage_instructions']}\", metadata={**meta, \"chunk_type\": \"dosage\"}),\n",
    "        Document(page_content=f\"{prefix} | Drug interactions: {drug_interactions} | Food interactions: {food_interactions}\", metadata={**meta, \"chunk_type\": \"interactions\"}),\n",
    "        Document(page_content=f\"{prefix} | Monitoring: {monitoring_requirements} | Counseling: {patient_counseling_points}\", metadata={**meta, \"chunk_type\": \"monitoring\"}),\n",
    "    ]\n",
    "\n",
    "    for symptom in drug.get(\"symptom_related_information\", []):\n",
    "        chunks.append(Document(\n",
    "            page_content=f\"{prefix} | Symptom: {symptom['symptom']} | {symptom['possible_relation_to_drug']}\",\n",
    "            metadata={**meta, \"chunk_type\": \"symptom\"}\n",
    "        ))\n",
    "\n",
    "    return chunks"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 33,
   "id": "3d59d614",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "chunks = []\n",
    "for drug in data:\n",
    "    chunks.extend(make_chunks(drug))\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 34,
   "id": "8b8493d2",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "164"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 34,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "len(chunks)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 35,
   "id": "d38a0cf5",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Metformin', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"MedlinePlus (NLM)\", \"url\": \"https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a696005.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/metformin.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com - Dosage\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/dosage/metformin.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'uses'}, page_content='Drug: Metformin (Biguanide (oral antidiabetic; non-sulfonylurea)) | Uses: Treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus to control high blood sugar, together with diet and exercise\\n- Used alone or in combination with other diabetes medicines, including insulin | Indications: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control)\\n- Off-label per Drugs.com treatment guides: polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and insulin resistance'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Metformin', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"MedlinePlus (NLM)\", \"url\": \"https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a696005.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/metformin.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com - Dosage\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/dosage/metformin.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'side_effects'}, page_content='Drug: Metformin (Biguanide (oral antidiabetic; non-sulfonylurea)) | Common side effects: Diarrhea\\n- Nausea\\n- Upset stomach / stomach discomfort\\n- Vomiting\\n- Gas (flatulence)\\n- Indigestion\\n- Constipation\\n- Metallic or altered taste\\n- Headache\\n- Weakness or lack of energy\\n- Muscle pain\\n- Flushing of the skin\\n- Low blood sugar (mainly when combined with insulin or sulfonylureas) | Serious: Lactic acidosis (rare, life-threatening): unusual muscle pain, trouble breathing, stomach pain, dizziness, feeling cold, slow or irregular heartbeat, severe weakness or tiredness\\n- Severe hypoglycemia (low blood sugar)\\n- Allergic reaction: hives, difficulty breathing, swelling of face, lips, tongue, or throat\\n- Chest pain\\n- Vitamin B12 deficiency with long-term use'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Metformin', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"MedlinePlus (NLM)\", \"url\": \"https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a696005.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/metformin.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com - Dosage\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/dosage/metformin.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'warnings'}, page_content='Drug: Metformin (Biguanide (oral antidiabetic; non-sulfonylurea)) | Warnings: Boxed warning: risk of lactic acidosis, a rare but potentially fatal build-up of lactic acid; risk rises with kidney impairment, age 65+, contrast imaging, surgery, heart failure, liver impairment, and excessive alcohol\\n- Temporarily stop before iodinated-contrast imaging and before surgery; restart only when kidney function is confirmed stable (about 48 hours after)\\n- Not used to treat type 1 diabetes or diabetic ketoacidosis\\n- Kidney function (eGFR) must be checked before and during treatment\\n- May lower vitamin B12 levels with long-term use; periodic monitoring advised\\n- Avoid excessive alcohol; it increases the risk of lactic acidosis and low blood sugar\\n- May restore ovulation and increase the chance of unintended pregnancy in premenopausal women | Contraindications: Severe renal impairment (eGFR less than 30 mL/min/1.73 m2)\\n- Acute or chronic metabolic acidosis, including diabetic ketoacidosis\\n- Known hypersensitivity to metformin | Disease interactions: Severe kidney disease / renal impairment: Contraindicated at eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73 m2; reduced clearance raises lactic acidosis risk.\\n- Metabolic acidosis / diabetic ketoacidosis: Contraindicated; metformin can worsen the acid-base disturbance.\\n- Heart failure / hypoxic states: Increase the risk of lactic acidosis.\\n- Liver impairment / chronic alcoholism: Not recommended; increases lactic acidosis risk.'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Metformin', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"MedlinePlus (NLM)\", \"url\": \"https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a696005.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/metformin.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com - Dosage\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/dosage/metformin.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'dosage'}, page_content='Drug: Metformin (Biguanide (oral antidiabetic; non-sulfonylurea)) | Dose: Immediate-release: start 500 mg twice daily or 850 mg once daily; usual maintenance about 2000 mg/day in divided doses; maximum 2550 mg/day. Extended-release: start 500-1000 mg once daily; maximum 2000 mg/day. | Frequency: Immediate-release: 2 to 3 times daily with meals. Extended-release: once daily with the evening meal. | Administration: Take by mouth with food. Swallow extended-release tablets whole - do not split, crush, or chew. Shake the oral suspension before measuring and use a proper dosing device, not a kitchen spoon. Take at the same time each day; continue even when feeling well and do not stop without medical advice. | Missed dose: Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for the next dose, skip the missed dose and continue the regular schedule. Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one. | Storage: Store at room temperature in the original, tightly closed container, away from light, excess heat, and moisture (not in the bathroom). Keep out of reach of children. Extended-release oral suspension: store at 20-25 C (68-77 F) and discard reconstituted suspension after 100 days.'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Metformin', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"MedlinePlus (NLM)\", \"url\": \"https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a696005.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/metformin.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com - Dosage\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/dosage/metformin.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'interactions'}, page_content=\"Drug: Metformin (Biguanide (oral antidiabetic; non-sulfonylurea)) | Drug interactions: Iodinated contrast dye (used in some X-ray/CT scans): Iodinated contrast can acutely reduce kidney function and decrease metformin clearance.\\n- Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (topiramate, acetazolamide, dichlorphenamide, methazolamide, zonisamide): These agents can cause metabolic acidosis, which adds to metformin's lactic acidosis risk.\\n- Insulin and insulin secretagogues (e.g., sulfonylureas such as glipizide, glyburide): Additive blood-sugar-lowering effect when combined with metformin. | Food interactions: Alcohol: Excessive or binge alcohol use increases the risk of lactic acidosis and can cause low blood sugar; limit alcohol and ask your doctor what amount is safe.\"),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Metformin', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"MedlinePlus (NLM)\", \"url\": \"https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a696005.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/metformin.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com - Dosage\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/dosage/metformin.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'monitoring'}, page_content='Drug: Metformin (Biguanide (oral antidiabetic; non-sulfonylurea)) | Monitoring: Kidney function (eGFR) at baseline and at least annually (more often if at risk)\\n- Blood glucose and HbA1c for glycemic control\\n- Periodic vitamin B12 levels, especially with peripheral neuropathy or anemia\\n- Hematologic parameters annually | Counseling: Take with meals to reduce stomach upset; GI symptoms often ease over time.\\n- Learn the symptoms of lactic acidosis (muscle pain, trouble breathing, unusual tiredness, feeling cold) and seek emergency care if they occur.\\n- Tell your care team before any surgery or imaging with contrast dye - metformin may need to be paused.\\n- Continue taking even if you feel well; do not stop without consulting your doctor.\\n- Limit alcohol.\\n- Empty tablet shells from the extended-release form may appear in the stool; this is normal.'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Metformin', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"MedlinePlus (NLM)\", \"url\": \"https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a696005.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/metformin.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com - Dosage\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/dosage/metformin.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'symptom'}, page_content='Drug: Metformin (Biguanide (oral antidiabetic; non-sulfonylurea)) | Symptom: Nausea, vomiting, or stomach pain | Common gastrointestinal side effects, especially when starting; taking with food helps. However, when paired with unusual muscle pain, weakness, trouble breathing, or feeling cold, they can be early signs of lactic acidosis.'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Metformin', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"MedlinePlus (NLM)\", \"url\": \"https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a696005.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/metformin.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com - Dosage\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/dosage/metformin.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'symptom'}, page_content='Drug: Metformin (Biguanide (oral antidiabetic; non-sulfonylurea)) | Symptom: Dizziness, lightheadedness, shakiness, sweating, or confusion | May indicate low blood sugar (hypoglycemia), more likely when metformin is combined with insulin or a sulfonylurea.'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Metformin', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"MedlinePlus (NLM)\", \"url\": \"https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a696005.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/metformin.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com - Dosage\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/dosage/metformin.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'symptom'}, page_content='Drug: Metformin (Biguanide (oral antidiabetic; non-sulfonylurea)) | Symptom: Diarrhea | A common side effect, particularly at the start of treatment or after a dose increase.'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Lisinopril', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"MedlinePlus (NLM)\", \"url\": \"https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a692051.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/lisinopril.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com - Dosage\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/dosage/lisinopril.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'uses'}, page_content='Drug: Lisinopril (Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor) | Uses: Treatment of high blood pressure (hypertension) in adults and children 6 years and older, alone or with other medicines\\n- Treatment of heart failure (in combination with other medicines)\\n- Improving survival after a heart attack (acute myocardial infarction) | Indications: Hypertension\\n- Congestive heart failure (adjunctive therapy)\\n- Acute myocardial infarction (to reduce mortality)\\n- Off-label per Drugs.com: diabetic nephropathy (not an FDA-approved indication)'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Lisinopril', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"MedlinePlus (NLM)\", \"url\": \"https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a692051.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/lisinopril.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com - Dosage\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/dosage/lisinopril.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'side_effects'}, page_content='Drug: Lisinopril (Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor) | Common side effects: Dry, persistent cough\\n- Dizziness\\n- Headache\\n- Excessive tiredness / weakness\\n- Low blood pressure\\n- Nausea\\n- Diarrhea\\n- Sneezing or runny nose\\n- Decrease in sexual ability\\n- Rash\\n- Chest pain | Serious: Angioedema: swelling of the face, throat, tongue, lips, eyes, hands, feet, ankles, or lower legs; hoarseness; difficulty breathing or swallowing (medical emergency)\\n- High blood potassium (hyperkalemia): nausea, weakness, tingling, chest pain, irregular heartbeat, loss of movement\\n- Low white blood cell count: fever, sore throat, chills, mouth or skin sores, signs of infection\\n- Kidney problems: swelling, urinating less, tiredness, shortness of breath\\n- Liver problems / jaundice: yellowing of the skin or eyes, dark urine, upper-right stomach pain\\n- Severe low blood pressure: lightheadedness, fainting\\n- Allergic reaction: severe stomach pain, hives, difficulty breathing'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Lisinopril', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"MedlinePlus (NLM)\", \"url\": \"https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a692051.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/lisinopril.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com - Dosage\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/dosage/lisinopril.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'warnings'}, page_content='Drug: Lisinopril (Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor) | Warnings: Boxed warning: fetal toxicity - can cause injury or death to a developing fetus; stop immediately and tell your doctor if pregnancy occurs\\n- Risk of angioedema (serious swelling); higher in people with a prior history of angioedema\\n- Do not take within 36 hours before or after a medicine containing sacubitril (e.g., Entresto) due to angioedema risk\\n- If you have diabetes, do not use with aliskiren-containing medicines\\n- Can raise blood potassium; avoid potassium supplements and potassium-containing salt substitutes unless directed\\n- Dehydration (from vomiting, diarrhea, heavy sweating) can cause a large drop in blood pressure, electrolyte imbalance, or kidney failure\\n- Tell surgeons/dentists you take lisinopril before procedures | Contraindications: Pregnancy\\n- History of angioedema (including ACE-inhibitor-associated or hereditary/idiopathic angioedema)\\n- Hypersensitivity to lisinopril or other ACE inhibitors\\n- Concomitant use with sacubitril (within 36 hours)\\n- Concomitant use with aliskiren in patients with diabetes | Disease interactions: Kidney disease / renal impairment: Requires dose adjustment and monitoring; lisinopril can worsen kidney function, especially with dehydration or NSAIDs.\\n- History of angioedema: Contraindicated; high risk of recurrent serious swelling.\\n- Diabetes: Do not combine with aliskiren; monitor potassium and kidney function.\\n- Volume or salt depletion / low blood pressure: Increased risk of symptomatic hypotension, especially at the first dose; correct before starting.\\n- Liver disease: Stop and seek care if jaundice or marked liver-enzyme elevations occur.'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Lisinopril', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"MedlinePlus (NLM)\", \"url\": \"https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a692051.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/lisinopril.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com - Dosage\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/dosage/lisinopril.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'dosage'}, page_content='Drug: Lisinopril (Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor) | Dose: Hypertension: start 10 mg once daily (5 mg if on a diuretic); maintenance 20-40 mg once daily; maximum 80 mg/day. Heart failure: start 2.5-5 mg once daily, titrate as tolerated, maximum 40 mg/day. After heart attack: 5 mg, then per protocol, maintenance 10 mg once daily. | Frequency: Once daily, at the same time each day | Administration: Take by mouth once a day, with or without food, at the same time each day. Measure the oral solution with the supplied device, not a kitchen spoon. Continue taking even if you feel well; do not stop without talking to your doctor. Blood pressure and blood tests will be monitored. | Missed dose: Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for the next dose, skip the missed dose and continue on the regular schedule. Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one. | Storage: Store tightly closed at room temperature, away from excess heat and moisture (not in the bathroom). Do not freeze. Keep out of reach of children.'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Lisinopril', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"MedlinePlus (NLM)\", \"url\": \"https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a692051.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/lisinopril.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com - Dosage\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/dosage/lisinopril.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'interactions'}, page_content=\"Drug: Lisinopril (Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor) | Drug interactions: NSAIDs (ibuprofen, naproxen, aspirin, celecoxib, diclofenac, indomethacin, meloxicam, and others): NSAIDs can blunt lisinopril's blood-pressure-lowering effect and, combined with an ACE inhibitor (especially with a diuretic), can impair kidney function and raise potassium.\\n- Potassium-sparing diuretics, potassium supplements, or potassium-containing salt substitutes (spironolactone, triamterene, amiloride): Additive potassium retention with an ACE inhibitor.\\n- Sacubitril (e.g., Entresto): Combined ACE inhibition and neprilysin inhibition markedly increase angioedema risk; the two must be separated by at least 36 hours.\\n- Aliskiren (in patients with diabetes or kidney disease): Dual blockade of the renin-angiotensin system.\\n- mTOR inhibitors (sirolimus, everolimus, temsirolimus): Can increase the risk of angioedema when combined with ACE inhibitors. | Food interactions: Potassium-containing salt substitutes and high-potassium supplements: Can add to the potassium-raising effect of lisinopril; do not use unless your doctor directs.\\n- Alcohol: May add to the blood-pressure-lowering effect and increase dizziness; use alcohol only in moderation.\"),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Lisinopril', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"MedlinePlus (NLM)\", \"url\": \"https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a692051.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/lisinopril.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com - Dosage\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/dosage/lisinopril.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'monitoring'}, page_content='Drug: Lisinopril (Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor) | Monitoring: Blood pressure regularly\\n- Kidney function (serum creatinine) and serum potassium, especially after starting or dose changes\\n- White blood cell count in selected patients (e.g., collagen vascular disease or kidney impairment)\\n- Liver enzymes if jaundice or hepatic symptoms occur | Counseling: A dry cough is common; it is usually harmless but tell your doctor if it bothers you.\\n- Seek emergency help for any swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat, or trouble breathing.\\n- Stand up slowly to avoid dizziness, and stay hydrated; report fainting.\\n- Do not use potassium supplements or salt substitutes unless your doctor approves.\\n- Do not stop lisinopril suddenly; high blood pressure often has no symptoms.\\n- Tell your doctor right away if you become or plan to become pregnant.'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Lisinopril', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"MedlinePlus (NLM)\", \"url\": \"https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a692051.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/lisinopril.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com - Dosage\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/dosage/lisinopril.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'symptom'}, page_content='Drug: Lisinopril (Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor) | Symptom: Dry, tickly, persistent cough | A common and well-recognized side effect of ACE inhibitors like lisinopril; usually not dangerous but can be bothersome.'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Lisinopril', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"MedlinePlus (NLM)\", \"url\": \"https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a692051.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/lisinopril.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com - Dosage\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/dosage/lisinopril.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'symptom'}, page_content='Drug: Lisinopril (Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor) | Symptom: Swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat, or difficulty breathing/swallowing | May indicate angioedema, a serious allergic-type reaction to ACE inhibitors.'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Lisinopril', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"MedlinePlus (NLM)\", \"url\": \"https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a692051.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/lisinopril.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com - Dosage\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/dosage/lisinopril.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'symptom'}, page_content='Drug: Lisinopril (Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor) | Symptom: Dizziness or lightheadedness, especially on standing up | May reflect low blood pressure from lisinopril, more likely with dehydration, diuretics, or the first doses.'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Atorvastatin', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"MedlinePlus (NLM)\", \"url\": \"https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a600045.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/atorvastatin.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'uses'}, page_content=\"Drug: Atorvastatin (HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin)) | Uses: Lowers LDL ('bad') cholesterol and triglycerides and raises HDL ('good') cholesterol\\n- Reduces the risk of heart attack, stroke, angina, and the need for heart procedures in people with or at risk of heart disease\\n- Used together with diet, exercise, and weight control | Indications: Primary hyperlipidemia (high cholesterol)\\n- Heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia in adults and children 10 years and older\\n- Homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (as an adjunct to other LDL-lowering therapy)\\n- Primary dysbetalipoproteinemia and hypertriglyceridemia\\n- Cardiovascular risk reduction in adults with clinical coronary heart disease or multiple risk factors (including type 2 diabetes)\"),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Atorvastatin', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"MedlinePlus (NLM)\", \"url\": \"https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a600045.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/atorvastatin.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'side_effects'}, page_content='Drug: Atorvastatin (HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin)) | Common side effects: Muscle, joint, back, or limb pain\\n- Muscle spasms\\n- Upset stomach / nausea\\n- Diarrhea\\n- Heartburn\\n- Gas\\n- Trouble sleeping\\n- Stuffy or runny nose, sore throat (cold-like symptoms)\\n- Urinary tract infection / painful urination\\n- Forgetfulness, memory loss, or confusion (reported, usually reversible) | Serious: Myopathy / rhabdomyolysis: unexplained muscle pain, tenderness, or weakness, especially with fever, unusual tiredness, or dark urine (can lead to kidney failure)\\n- Immune-mediated muscle weakness in hips, shoulders, neck, and back; trouble lifting arms or climbing\\n- Liver problems: loss of appetite, upper-right stomach pain, dark urine, clay-colored stools, jaundice (yellowing of skin or eyes)\\n- Kidney problems: swelling, urinating less, tiredness, shortness of breath\\n- Increased blood sugar (increased thirst/urination, dry mouth, fruity breath)\\n- Serious allergic or skin reaction: hives, trouble breathing, facial/throat swelling, blistering or peeling rash'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Atorvastatin', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"MedlinePlus (NLM)\", \"url\": \"https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a600045.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/atorvastatin.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'warnings'}, page_content='Drug: Atorvastatin (HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin)) | Warnings: Do not use if you have active liver disease or cirrhosis\\n- Can cause muscle breakdown (rhabdomyolysis) leading to kidney failure; risk is higher in older adults and people with kidney disease, hypothyroidism, or certain interacting drugs\\n- May harm a developing fetus; stop and call your doctor if you become pregnant\\n- Do not breastfeed while taking atorvastatin\\n- Drinking more than 2 alcoholic drinks daily increases the risk of liver damage\\n- Limit grapefruit; avoid drinking more than 1.2 liters of grapefruit juice per day | Contraindications: Active liver disease or cirrhosis\\n- Known hypersensitivity to atorvastatin\\n- Pregnancy\\n- Breastfeeding | Disease interactions: Liver disease / cirrhosis: Contraindicated in active liver disease; statins can affect liver enzymes.\\n- Kidney disease: Higher risk of muscle breakdown (rhabdomyolysis).\\n- Hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid): Poorly controlled thyroid increases the risk of muscle toxicity.\\n- Diabetes: Statins may modestly raise blood sugar; benefits usually outweigh this risk.'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Atorvastatin', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"MedlinePlus (NLM)\", \"url\": \"https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a600045.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/atorvastatin.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'dosage'}, page_content=\"Drug: Atorvastatin (HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin)) | Dose: Start 10-20 mg once daily (40 mg once daily if greater than 45% LDL-C reduction is needed); usual range 10-80 mg once daily. | Frequency: Once daily, at any consistent time of day | Administration: Take the tablet by mouth once daily, with or without food, at the same time each day. Take the oral suspension on an empty stomach; shake it and measure with the supplied device, not a kitchen spoon. Continue taking even if you feel well; do not stop or change the dose without your doctor's advice. | Missed dose: Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. Skip it if it is almost time for the next dose (within about 12 hours). Never take two doses at once. | Storage: Store at room temperature in the original, tightly closed container, away from moisture, heat, and light (not in the bathroom). Keep out of reach of children. Discard any unused oral suspension 60 days after opening the bottle.\"),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Atorvastatin', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"MedlinePlus (NLM)\", \"url\": \"https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a600045.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/atorvastatin.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'interactions'}, page_content=\"Drug: Atorvastatin (HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin)) | Drug interactions: Strong CYP3A4 inhibitors (clarithromycin, erythromycin, itraconazole, ketoconazole, posaconazole, voriconazole, HIV/hepatitis C protease inhibitors): These raise atorvastatin blood levels by blocking its metabolism.\\n- Fibrates (gemfibrozil, fenofibrate) and niacin: Combining other lipid-lowering agents with a statin adds muscle-related risk.\\n- Cyclosporine and other organ-transplant rejection medicines: Markedly increase atorvastatin exposure.\\n- Colchicine: Additive muscle toxicity when combined with statins.\\n- Rifampin: Can lower atorvastatin levels (and timing of administration matters). | Food interactions: Grapefruit / grapefruit juice: Large amounts (more than ~1.2 liters/day of juice) raise atorvastatin levels and the risk of side effects; limit grapefruit products.\\n- Alcohol: Regularly drinking more than 2 drinks per day increases the risk of liver damage.\\n- High-fat, high-cholesterol foods: Reduce the medicine's effectiveness; follow a cholesterol-lowering diet.\"),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Atorvastatin', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"MedlinePlus (NLM)\", \"url\": \"https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a600045.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/atorvastatin.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'monitoring'}, page_content='Drug: Atorvastatin (HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin)) | Monitoring: Lipid panel (LDL-C, HDL-C, triglycerides, total cholesterol) about 4 weeks after starting or changing dose, then periodically\\n- Liver enzymes at baseline and if symptoms of liver problems occur\\n- Creatine kinase (CK) if unexplained muscle pain or weakness develops\\n- Blood glucose/HbA1c, especially in people at risk of diabetes | Counseling: Report any unexplained muscle pain, tenderness, or weakness - especially with dark urine or fever - to your doctor.\\n- Take it at the same time each day; it works whether taken morning or night.\\n- Avoid large amounts of grapefruit and limit alcohol.\\n- Keep taking it even if you feel well; cholesterol usually has no symptoms.\\n- Follow a low-fat, low-cholesterol diet for full benefit.\\n- Stop and call your doctor right away if you become pregnant.'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Atorvastatin', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"MedlinePlus (NLM)\", \"url\": \"https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a600045.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/atorvastatin.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'symptom'}, page_content='Drug: Atorvastatin (HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin)) | Symptom: Unexplained muscle pain, tenderness, or weakness (especially with dark urine or fever) | May indicate statin-related myopathy or rhabdomyolysis, an uncommon but serious breakdown of muscle tissue that can harm the kidneys.'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Atorvastatin', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"MedlinePlus (NLM)\", \"url\": \"https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a600045.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/atorvastatin.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'symptom'}, page_content='Drug: Atorvastatin (HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin)) | Symptom: Yellowing of the skin or eyes, dark urine, or upper-right abdominal pain | May signal liver injury, an uncommon serious side effect of atorvastatin.'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Atorvastatin', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"MedlinePlus (NLM)\", \"url\": \"https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a600045.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/atorvastatin.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'symptom'}, page_content='Drug: Atorvastatin (HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin)) | Symptom: Forgetfulness, confusion, or memory loss | Has been reported with statins and is usually reversible after stopping.'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Amlodipine', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"MedlinePlus (NLM)\", \"url\": \"https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a692044.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/amlodipine.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com - Interaction report (amlodipine/simvastatin)\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/drug-interactions/amlodipine-with-simvastatin-172-0-2067-0.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'uses'}, page_content='Drug: Amlodipine (Calcium channel blocker (dihydropyridine)) | Uses: Treatment of high blood pressure (hypertension) in adults and children 6 years and older, alone or with other medicines\\n- Treatment of certain types of angina (chest pain), including chronic stable and vasospastic angina\\n- Coronary artery disease - to reduce the risk of hospitalization for angina and the need for a coronary procedure | Indications: Hypertension\\n- Chronic stable angina\\n- Vasospastic (Prinzmetal/variant) angina\\n- Coronary artery disease (in patients without heart failure or low ejection fraction)'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Amlodipine', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"MedlinePlus (NLM)\", \"url\": \"https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a692044.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/amlodipine.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com - Interaction report (amlodipine/simvastatin)\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/drug-interactions/amlodipine-with-simvastatin-172-0-2067-0.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'side_effects'}, page_content='Drug: Amlodipine (Calcium channel blocker (dihydropyridine)) | Common side effects: Swelling of the ankles, feet, or lower legs (peripheral edema)\\n- Dizziness or lightheadedness\\n- Drowsiness\\n- Flushing (warmth or redness)\\n- Excessive tiredness\\n- Palpitations / irregular or pounding heartbeat\\n- Nausea\\n- Stomach pain\\n- Muscle stiffness or tremors | Serious: Worsening chest pain or, rarely, a heart attack when first starting or increasing the dose (chest pain/pressure, pain spreading to jaw or shoulder, nausea, sweating)\\n- Very low blood pressure or fainting\\n- Rapid, pounding, or irregular heartbeat\\n- Allergic reaction: hives, difficulty breathing, swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Amlodipine', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"MedlinePlus (NLM)\", \"url\": \"https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a692044.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/amlodipine.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com - Interaction report (amlodipine/simvastatin)\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/drug-interactions/amlodipine-with-simvastatin-172-0-2067-0.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'warnings'}, page_content='Drug: Amlodipine (Calcium channel blocker (dihydropyridine)) | Warnings: Chest pain (angina) may worsen, or rarely a heart attack may occur, when first starting amlodipine or when the dose is increased\\n- Use caution with severe narrowing of the aortic heart valve (aortic stenosis) and in liver disease (lower starting doses may be needed)\\n- Alcohol can further lower blood pressure and increase some side effects\\n- Keep taking it even if you feel well; high blood pressure often has no symptoms\\n- Rise slowly to avoid dizziness from low blood pressure | Contraindications: Known hypersensitivity to amlodipine | Disease interactions: Severe aortic stenosis: Vasodilation may worsen symptoms; use with caution.\\n- Heart failure: Use with caution; tell your doctor if you have congestive heart failure.\\n- Liver disease: Amlodipine is cleared more slowly; lower starting doses are recommended.\\n- Coronary artery disease: Rarely, angina or a heart attack can worsen at the start of treatment or with dose increases.'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Amlodipine', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"MedlinePlus (NLM)\", \"url\": \"https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a692044.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/amlodipine.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com - Interaction report (amlodipine/simvastatin)\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/drug-interactions/amlodipine-with-simvastatin-172-0-2067-0.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'dosage'}, page_content=\"Drug: Amlodipine (Calcium channel blocker (dihydropyridine)) | Dose: Hypertension: start 5 mg once daily (2.5 mg in older, frail, or small adults and those with liver impairment); maximum 10 mg/day. Angina / coronary artery disease: 5-10 mg once daily; maximum 10 mg/day. | Frequency: Once daily, at the same time each day | Administration: Take by mouth once daily, with or without food, at a consistent time. Shake the oral suspension and measure liquid forms with the supplied device, not a kitchen spoon. The Sdamlo powder must be mixed with water and taken within 60 minutes. Continue taking even if you feel well; do not stop or change the dose without your doctor's advice. | Missed dose: Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. If it is less than 12 hours until the next dose, skip the missed dose and continue your regular schedule. Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one. | Storage: Store tablets and oral solution at room temperature away from light, excess heat, and moisture (not in the bathroom). Store the oral suspension in the refrigerator and do not freeze; protect it from light. Keep out of reach of children.\"),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Amlodipine', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"MedlinePlus (NLM)\", \"url\": \"https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a692044.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/amlodipine.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com - Interaction report (amlodipine/simvastatin)\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/drug-interactions/amlodipine-with-simvastatin-172-0-2067-0.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'interactions'}, page_content='Drug: Amlodipine (Calcium channel blocker (dihydropyridine)) | Drug interactions: Simvastatin (and lovastatin): Amlodipine and these statins are both processed by the CYP3A4 enzyme; amlodipine raises simvastatin blood levels.\\n- Strong CYP3A4 inhibitors (clarithromycin, itraconazole, ketoconazole, ritonavir, and similar): These reduce the breakdown of amlodipine, raising its blood levels.\\n- Other blood-pressure-lowering medicines (other antihypertensives, nitrates): Additive lowering of blood pressure when combined with amlodipine. | Food interactions: Grapefruit / grapefruit juice: Grapefruit inhibits the CYP3A4 enzyme that breaks down amlodipine and can modestly increase its levels; many clinicians advise limiting grapefruit.\\n- Alcohol: Can further lower blood pressure and increase dizziness or other side effects.'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Amlodipine', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"MedlinePlus (NLM)\", \"url\": \"https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a692044.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/amlodipine.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com - Interaction report (amlodipine/simvastatin)\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/drug-interactions/amlodipine-with-simvastatin-172-0-2067-0.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'monitoring'}, page_content='Drug: Amlodipine (Calcium channel blocker (dihydropyridine)) | Monitoring: Blood pressure, checked regularly\\n- Heart rate and any chest-pain pattern\\n- Watch for swelling (peripheral edema)\\n- Liver function in patients with hepatic impairment | Counseling: Ankle/leg swelling is a common side effect; report it rather than treating it yourself.\\n- Stand up slowly to reduce dizziness.\\n- Keep taking it even if you feel well; blood pressure often has no symptoms.\\n- Take it at the same time each day, with or without food.\\n- Report any worsening or new chest pain, particularly soon after starting or increasing the dose.\\n- Limit alcohol, which can lower your blood pressure further.'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Amlodipine', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"MedlinePlus (NLM)\", \"url\": \"https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a692044.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/amlodipine.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com - Interaction report (amlodipine/simvastatin)\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/drug-interactions/amlodipine-with-simvastatin-172-0-2067-0.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'symptom'}, page_content='Drug: Amlodipine (Calcium channel blocker (dihydropyridine)) | Symptom: Swelling of the ankles, feet, or lower legs | A common, dose-related side effect of amlodipine (peripheral edema) caused by its effect on small blood vessels; it does not usually respond to water pills (diuretics).'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Amlodipine', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"MedlinePlus (NLM)\", \"url\": \"https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a692044.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/amlodipine.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com - Interaction report (amlodipine/simvastatin)\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/drug-interactions/amlodipine-with-simvastatin-172-0-2067-0.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'symptom'}, page_content='Drug: Amlodipine (Calcium channel blocker (dihydropyridine)) | Symptom: New or worsening chest pain, especially when starting or after a dose increase | Rarely, amlodipine can worsen angina or, very rarely, trigger a heart attack at the start of treatment or dose increase.'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Amlodipine', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"MedlinePlus (NLM)\", \"url\": \"https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a692044.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/amlodipine.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com - Interaction report (amlodipine/simvastatin)\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/drug-interactions/amlodipine-with-simvastatin-172-0-2067-0.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'symptom'}, page_content='Drug: Amlodipine (Calcium channel blocker (dihydropyridine)) | Symptom: Dizziness or lightheadedness | Often due to amlodipine lowering blood pressure, especially when standing up quickly.'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Omeprazole', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"MedlinePlus (NLM)\", \"url\": \"https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a693050.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/omeprazole.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'uses'}, page_content='Drug: Omeprazole (Proton pump inhibitor (PPI)) | Uses: Treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and frequent heartburn\\n- Healing of erosive esophagitis and prevention of further esophageal damage\\n- Treatment of stomach (gastric) and duodenal ulcers, including those caused by H. pylori (used with antibiotics)\\n- Treatment of conditions with excess stomach acid such as Zollinger-Ellison syndrome\\n- Over-the-counter: short-term control of frequent heartburn (2 or more days per week) | Indications: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)\\n- Erosive esophagitis\\n- Gastric and duodenal ulcers\\n- H. pylori eradication (in combination with antibiotics)\\n- Pathological hypersecretory conditions (e.g., Zollinger-Ellison syndrome)\\n- Frequent heartburn (OTC)'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Omeprazole', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"MedlinePlus (NLM)\", \"url\": \"https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a693050.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/omeprazole.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'side_effects'}, page_content='Drug: Omeprazole (Proton pump inhibitor (PPI)) | Common side effects: Headache\\n- Stomach pain\\n- Gas\\n- Nausea\\n- Vomiting\\n- Diarrhea\\n- Constipation\\n- Cold-like symptoms (stuffy nose, sore throat) and fever, especially in children\\n- In men, difficulty achieving or maintaining an erection | Serious: Severe watery or bloody diarrhea with stomach pain or fever (possible Clostridioides difficile infection)\\n- Kidney problems: less urination, blood in urine, fever, rash, joint pain, nausea, loss of appetite\\n- Low magnesium: dizziness, irregular heartbeat, jitteriness, muscle cramps or spasms, seizures\\n- Bone fractures of the hip, wrist, or spine (with long-term or high-dose use)\\n- New or worsening lupus: joint pain and a sun-sensitive rash on the cheeks or arms\\n- Severe skin reactions: blistering, peeling, or bleeding skin; mouth/genital sores\\n- Serious allergic reaction: rash, hives, swelling of the face/lips/tongue/throat, trouble breathing\\n- Vitamin B12 deficiency with use longer than 3 years; stomach (fundic gland) polyps with long-term use'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Omeprazole', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"MedlinePlus (NLM)\", \"url\": \"https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a693050.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/omeprazole.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'warnings'}, page_content='Drug: Omeprazole (Proton pump inhibitor (PPI)) | Warnings: Not intended for immediate relief of heartburn; it may take 1 to 4 days to work\\n- Heartburn can mimic a heart attack - get emergency help for chest pain spreading to the jaw or shoulder with sweating or lightheadedness\\n- Can cause kidney problems; report reduced urination or blood in the urine\\n- Long-term or more-than-once-daily use increases the risk of bone fractures\\n- Can cause low magnesium and, after more than 3 years, vitamin B12 deficiency\\n- May cause or worsen lupus (joint pain with a sun-sensitive rash)\\n- OTC use: do not take for more than 14 days or repeat more often than every 4 months without medical advice | Contraindications: Known hypersensitivity to omeprazole or other proton pump inhibitors (e.g., esomeprazole, lansoprazole, pantoprazole, rabeprazole)\\n- Concomitant use with rilpivirine-containing HIV medicines | Disease interactions: Osteoporosis / low bone density: Long-term or high-dose use increases the risk of fractures.\\n- Liver disease: May affect omeprazole handling; tell your doctor before use.\\n- Lupus (systemic lupus erythematosus): PPIs can trigger or worsen lupus symptoms.\\n- Low magnesium, calcium, or potassium / hypoparathyroidism: Omeprazole can lower magnesium; caution and monitoring may be needed.\\n- Kidney disease: Risk of acute kidney injury (interstitial nephritis); report reduced urination or blood in urine.'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Omeprazole', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"MedlinePlus (NLM)\", \"url\": \"https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a693050.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/omeprazole.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'dosage'}, page_content='Drug: Omeprazole (Proton pump inhibitor (PPI)) | Dose: Over-the-counter: 20 mg once daily for 14 days. Prescription: usually taken once daily before a meal; taken twice daily when combined with antibiotics for H. pylori; and up to three times daily before meals for conditions with excess stomach acid. Available as 10, 20, and 40 mg. | Frequency: Usually once daily before a meal (often in the morning); twice daily for H. pylori therapy; up to three times daily for acid-hypersecretory conditions | Administration: Swallow delayed-release capsules and tablets whole with water; do not split, chew, or crush them. If swallowing is hard, a capsule may be opened and the granules sprinkled on a tablespoon of cool applesauce and swallowed immediately without chewing. Mix granules/powder for suspension with water as directed and drink promptly. Take OTC omeprazole for only 14 days unless advised otherwise. | Missed dose: Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for the next dose, skip the missed dose and continue your regular schedule. Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one. | Storage: Store at room temperature in the original, tightly closed container, away from light, excess heat, and moisture (not in the bathroom). Keep out of reach of children.'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Omeprazole', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"MedlinePlus (NLM)\", \"url\": \"https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a693050.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/omeprazole.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'interactions'}, page_content='Drug: Omeprazole (Proton pump inhibitor (PPI)) | Drug interactions: Clopidogrel: Omeprazole can reduce the activation of clopidogrel (a blood thinner) by inhibiting the CYP2C19 enzyme.\\n- Rilpivirine-containing HIV medicines (e.g., Complera, Odefsey, Juluca): Reduced stomach acid markedly lowers rilpivirine absorption.\\n- Methotrexate (especially high-dose): Omeprazole can raise methotrexate blood levels.\\n- Digoxin: Reduced stomach acid can increase digoxin absorption.\\n- Drugs that need stomach acid to be absorbed (certain azole antifungals such as ketoconazole/itraconazole, atazanavir, iron salts, levothyroxine): Omeprazole reduces stomach acid, lowering absorption of these medicines. | Food interactions: Food / meals: There are no specific foods to avoid, but taking omeprazole with food reduces its absorption; take it before a meal (about 1 hour before eating).'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Omeprazole', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"MedlinePlus (NLM)\", \"url\": \"https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a693050.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/omeprazole.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'monitoring'}, page_content='Drug: Omeprazole (Proton pump inhibitor (PPI)) | Monitoring: Magnesium levels with long-term use\\n- Vitamin B12 with use longer than 3 years\\n- Kidney function if symptoms of kidney problems occur\\n- Bone health in people at risk of fracture\\n- Symptom response - reassess if symptoms do not improve or recur | Counseling: Take it before a meal (often morning, about 1 hour before eating); it is not for instant relief and may take a few days to work.\\n- Swallow capsules/tablets whole; if needed, sprinkle capsule granules on applesauce and swallow right away.\\n- For OTC use, take for only 14 days and do not repeat more often than every 4 months without medical advice.\\n- Report watery or bloody diarrhea, severe stomach pain, or signs of low magnesium (muscle cramps, irregular heartbeat).\\n- Seek emergency care for chest pain spreading to the jaw or shoulder with sweating - heartburn can mimic a heart attack.\\n- Discuss long-term risks (bone fractures, low magnesium, vitamin B12) if you take it for a long time.'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Omeprazole', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"MedlinePlus (NLM)\", \"url\": \"https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a693050.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/omeprazole.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'symptom'}, page_content='Drug: Omeprazole (Proton pump inhibitor (PPI)) | Symptom: Watery or bloody diarrhea with severe stomach pain or fever | PPIs like omeprazole can increase the risk of a serious intestinal infection (C. difficile); persistent diarrhea may signal this.'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Omeprazole', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"MedlinePlus (NLM)\", \"url\": \"https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a693050.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/omeprazole.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'symptom'}, page_content='Drug: Omeprazole (Proton pump inhibitor (PPI)) | Symptom: Dizziness, irregular heartbeat, muscle cramps or spasms, jitteriness | May indicate low blood magnesium, which can occur with long-term PPI use.'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Omeprazole', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"MedlinePlus (NLM)\", \"url\": \"https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a693050.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/omeprazole.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'symptom'}, page_content='Drug: Omeprazole (Proton pump inhibitor (PPI)) | Symptom: Chest pain spreading to the jaw or shoulder with sweating or lightheadedness | Heartburn can mimic a heart attack; this is not a typical omeprazole side effect and may be a cardiac emergency.'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Ibuprofen', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"MedlinePlus (NLM)\", \"url\": \"https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a682159.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/ibuprofen.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'uses'}, page_content='Drug: Ibuprofen (Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)) | Uses: Relieves mild to moderate pain (headache, toothache, back pain, muscle aches, menstrual cramps, minor injury)\\n- Reduces fever\\n- Relieves pain, swelling, and stiffness of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis | Indications: Mild to moderate pain, including menstrual (period) pain\\n- Fever\\n- Osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis\\n- Other inflammatory arthritis such as ankylosing spondylitis, gouty arthritis, and psoriatic arthritis'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Ibuprofen', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"MedlinePlus (NLM)\", \"url\": \"https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a682159.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/ibuprofen.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'side_effects'}, page_content='Drug: Ibuprofen (Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)) | Common side effects: Nausea or vomiting\\n- Gas or bloating\\n- Constipation\\n- Heartburn / upset stomach\\n- Dizziness\\n- Headache\\n- Nervousness\\n- Ringing in the ears (tinnitus) | Serious: Heart attack or stroke: chest pain spreading to the jaw or shoulder, sudden weakness or numbness on one side, slurred speech, shortness of breath\\n- Stomach or intestinal bleeding: bloody or black/tarry stools, vomit that is bloody or looks like coffee grounds, severe stomach pain\\n- Kidney problems: little or no urination, swelling of the feet/ankles, tiredness or shortness of breath\\n- Liver problems: nausea, upper-right stomach pain, dark urine, jaundice (yellow skin or eyes)\\n- Serious allergic reaction or severe skin reaction (hives, facial/throat swelling, blistering/peeling rash)\\n- Fluid retention, high blood pressure, or heart failure (swelling, rapid weight gain, breathlessness)\\n- Anemia (pale skin, lightheadedness, rapid heartbeat); rarely aseptic meningitis (headache, stiff neck, fever)'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Ibuprofen', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"MedlinePlus (NLM)\", \"url\": \"https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a682159.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/ibuprofen.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'warnings'}, page_content=\"Drug: Ibuprofen (Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)) | Warnings: Boxed warning: increased risk of serious, potentially fatal heart attack and stroke; do not use just before or after heart bypass (CABG) surgery\\n- Boxed warning: risk of serious, potentially fatal stomach/intestinal ulcers and bleeding, especially in older adults, with long use, or with alcohol\\n- Use the lowest effective dose for the shortest time needed\\n- Avoid during the last 20 weeks of pregnancy unless directed by a doctor (risk to the baby's heart and kidneys)\\n- Use caution with heart disease, high blood pressure, heart failure, kidney or liver disease, and asthma\\n- Do not combine with other NSAIDs or other pain products containing the same type of ingredient | Contraindications: Known hypersensitivity to ibuprofen\\n- History of asthma attack, hives, or severe allergic reaction after aspirin or other NSAIDs\\n- In the setting of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery | Disease interactions: Heart disease, high blood pressure, or heart failure: NSAIDs raise the risk of cardiovascular events and can cause fluid retention and worsen blood pressure/heart failure.\\n- History of stomach ulcer or GI bleeding: Higher risk of serious ulcers and bleeding.\\n- Kidney disease: NSAIDs can reduce kidney function, especially with dehydration or other kidney-affecting drugs.\\n- Asthma (especially with nasal polyps): Can trigger severe bronchospasm in aspirin/NSAID-sensitive asthma.\\n- Liver disease: Use with caution; rare liver injury can occur.\"),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Ibuprofen', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"MedlinePlus (NLM)\", \"url\": \"https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a682159.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/ibuprofen.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'dosage'}, page_content='Drug: Ibuprofen (Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)) | Dose: Over-the-counter: 200-400 mg every 4-6 hours as needed; do not exceed 1200 mg/day (no more than 6 doses of 200 mg in 24 hours) unless directed. Prescription: maximum 800 mg per dose and 3200 mg per day. | Frequency: Every 4 to 6 hours as needed for pain or fever; 3 to 4 times daily for arthritis. Use the lowest effective dose. | Administration: Take by mouth with water; swallow tablets whole and chew chewable tablets before swallowing. Shake the liquid and measure with the supplied device, not a kitchen spoon. Use the lowest effective dose for the shortest time. Do not take other products containing ibuprofen or other NSAIDs at the same time. | Missed dose: Ibuprofen is often taken only as needed. If you take it on a schedule, take the missed dose when you remember, but skip it if it is almost time for the next dose. Never take two doses at once. | Storage: Store at room temperature, away from excess heat and moisture (not in the bathroom). Do not allow liquid forms to freeze. Keep out of reach of children.'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Ibuprofen', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"MedlinePlus (NLM)\", \"url\": \"https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a682159.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/ibuprofen.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'interactions'}, page_content=\"Drug: Ibuprofen (Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)) | Drug interactions: Low-dose aspirin (taken to protect the heart): Ibuprofen can block aspirin's antiplatelet effect if taken too close together.\\n- Anticoagulants / blood thinners (warfarin) and antiplatelet drugs: Additive effects on bleeding plus NSAID stomach irritation.\\n- SSRIs/SNRIs (antidepressants such as fluoxetine, sertraline, duloxetine, venlafaxine): Combining with an NSAID increases bleeding tendency.\\n- Oral corticosteroids (e.g., prednisone): Additive risk of stomach ulcers and bleeding.\\n- Blood-pressure medicines (ACE inhibitors/ARBs) plus diuretics: NSAIDs can reduce the effect of these medicines and, combined with a diuretic, can harm the kidneys.\\n- Lithium and methotrexate: Ibuprofen can raise blood levels of these drugs. | Food interactions: Alcohol: Increases the risk of stomach bleeding; avoid or limit alcohol while taking ibuprofen.\\n- Food / milk: Taking ibuprofen with food or milk can reduce stomach upset.\"),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Ibuprofen', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"MedlinePlus (NLM)\", \"url\": \"https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a682159.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/ibuprofen.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'monitoring'}, page_content='Drug: Ibuprofen (Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)) | Monitoring: Blood pressure\\n- Kidney function, especially with long-term use or in at-risk people\\n- Signs of stomach bleeding (black stools, coffee-ground vomit)\\n- Complete blood count (for anemia) with prolonged use\\n- Liver enzymes if symptoms of liver problems occur | Counseling: Use the lowest dose that works, for the shortest time; do not exceed label/prescribed limits.\\n- Take with food or milk if it upsets your stomach.\\n- Stop and seek care for black/tarry stools, bloody or coffee-ground vomit, or severe stomach pain.\\n- Seek emergency help for chest pain, breathlessness, or stroke symptoms.\\n- Do not combine with other NSAIDs; separate from low-dose aspirin (8 hours before or 30 minutes after).\\n- Avoid in the last 20 weeks of pregnancy unless your doctor advises, and limit alcohol.'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Ibuprofen', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"MedlinePlus (NLM)\", \"url\": \"https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a682159.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/ibuprofen.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'symptom'}, page_content='Drug: Ibuprofen (Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)) | Symptom: Black or tarry stools, bloody or coffee-ground vomit, or severe stomach pain | Signs of stomach or intestinal bleeding, a serious NSAID risk that can occur without warning.'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Ibuprofen', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"MedlinePlus (NLM)\", \"url\": \"https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a682159.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/ibuprofen.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'symptom'}, page_content='Drug: Ibuprofen (Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)) | Symptom: Chest pain, shortness of breath, weakness on one side of the body, or slurred speech | NSAIDs can increase the risk of heart attack and stroke.'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Ibuprofen', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"MedlinePlus (NLM)\", \"url\": \"https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a682159.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/ibuprofen.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'symptom'}, page_content='Drug: Ibuprofen (Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)) | Symptom: Swelling of the feet, ankles, or legs, or sudden weight gain | May reflect fluid retention or effects on the kidneys or heart from ibuprofen.'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Ibuprofen', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"MedlinePlus (NLM)\", \"url\": \"https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a682159.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/ibuprofen.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'symptom'}, page_content='Drug: Ibuprofen (Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)) | Symptom: Ringing in the ears or dizziness | Common, usually mild NSAID side effects.'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Acetaminophen', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"MedlinePlus (NLM)\", \"url\": \"https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a681004.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/acetaminophen.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'uses'}, page_content='Drug: Acetaminophen (Non-opioid analgesic and antipyretic) | Uses: Relief of mild to moderate pain (headache, backache, toothache, muscle aches, menstrual cramps, minor arthritis, cold/flu aches)\\n- Reduction of fever | Indications: Mild to moderate pain\\n- Fever\\n- Component of combination products for migraine, cough/cold, menstrual symptoms, and (with opioids) moderate to severe pain'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Acetaminophen', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"MedlinePlus (NLM)\", \"url\": \"https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a681004.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/acetaminophen.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'side_effects'}, page_content='Drug: Acetaminophen (Non-opioid analgesic and antipyretic) | Common side effects: Generally well tolerated at recommended doses\\n- Nausea\\n- Stomach pain\\n- Loss of appetite\\n- Headache\\n- Occasional skin rash or itching | Serious: Liver damage from overdose, high doses, or use with alcohol: upper-right stomach pain, loss of appetite, tiredness, dark urine, clay-colored stools, jaundice (yellow skin or eyes)\\n- Severe skin reactions (e.g., Stevens-Johnson syndrome): skin redness or rash that spreads with blistering and peeling - can be fatal\\n- Serious allergic reaction: hives, swelling of the face/lips/tongue/throat, difficulty breathing'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Acetaminophen', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"MedlinePlus (NLM)\", \"url\": \"https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a681004.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/acetaminophen.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'warnings'}, page_content='Drug: Acetaminophen (Non-opioid analgesic and antipyretic) | Warnings: Important warning: taking too much acetaminophen can cause serious, sometimes fatal liver damage\\n- Do not take more than 4000 mg per day from all sources, and do not take more than one product containing acetaminophen (also labeled APAP) at a time\\n- Do not use if you drink 3 or more alcoholic drinks per day without talking to your doctor\\n- Do not use with severe liver disease\\n- If an overdose is suspected, get medical help right away even if you feel well\\n- A 2025 FDA notice describes a possible association between acetaminophen use in pregnancy and ASD/ADHD; a causal link has not been proven and evidence is mixed - discuss use during pregnancy with your doctor | Contraindications: Severe liver disease\\n- Known hypersensitivity to acetaminophen\\n- Use together with another acetaminophen-containing product (risk of overdose) | Disease interactions: Liver disease: Contraindicated in severe liver disease; lower daily limits may be needed in other liver conditions.\\n- Chronic heavy alcohol use: Higher risk of liver toxicity even at usual doses.\\n- Phenylketonuria (PKU): Some chewable forms contain aspartame (a source of phenylalanine); check the label.'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Acetaminophen', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"MedlinePlus (NLM)\", \"url\": \"https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a681004.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/acetaminophen.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'dosage'}, page_content='Drug: Acetaminophen (Non-opioid analgesic and antipyretic) | Dose: Adults and children 12+ weighing at least 110 lb: 325-1000 mg every 4-6 hours as needed; no more than 1000 mg per dose and no more than 4000 mg in 24 hours. Extended-release (650 mg) is taken every 8 hours. Lower limits may apply with liver disease or regular alcohol use. | Frequency: Every 4 to 6 hours as needed (extended-release every 8 hours); do not exceed the daily maximum | Administration: Take by mouth exactly as directed for your specific product. Swallow extended-release tablets whole (do not split, chew, or crush). Chew chewable tablets; let orally disintegrating tablets dissolve on the tongue. Shake liquids and measure only with the device supplied with that product. Always check labels so you do not take more than one acetaminophen-containing product. | Missed dose: Acetaminophen is usually taken as needed. If you are on a regular schedule, take the missed dose when you remember unless it is almost time for the next dose, then skip it. Do not take a double dose. | Storage: Store at room temperature in the original, tightly closed container, away from excess heat and moisture (not in the bathroom). Keep out of reach of children.'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Acetaminophen', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"MedlinePlus (NLM)\", \"url\": \"https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a681004.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/acetaminophen.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'interactions'}, page_content=\"Drug: Acetaminophen (Non-opioid analgesic and antipyretic) | Drug interactions: Warfarin (and other coumarin anticoagulants): Regular acetaminophen above about 1300 mg/day for several days can enhance warfarin's effect.\\n- Other acetaminophen-containing products (many cold/flu, pain, and sleep combinations): Taking more than one product that contains acetaminophen adds up.\\n- Alcohol: Alcohol increases the liver's vulnerability to acetaminophen. | Food interactions: Alcohol: Increases the risk of liver damage; avoid or limit alcohol, and do not use acetaminophen if you have 3 or more alcoholic drinks per day without medical advice.\"),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Acetaminophen', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"MedlinePlus (NLM)\", \"url\": \"https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a681004.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/acetaminophen.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'monitoring'}, page_content='Drug: Acetaminophen (Non-opioid analgesic and antipyretic) | Monitoring: Track total daily acetaminophen from all products (stay at or below 4000 mg/day)\\n- Liver function in people with liver disease, heavy alcohol use, or long-term high-dose use\\n- INR if taken regularly with warfarin\\n- Note: acetaminophen can cause false readings on some blood glucose monitors | Counseling: Never exceed 4000 mg in 24 hours, and check every medicine label for acetaminophen or APAP.\\n- Do not take two acetaminophen-containing products at the same time.\\n- Avoid alcohol; the combination can harm the liver.\\n- If you think you took too much, get help immediately even if you feel fine.\\n- Stop and call your doctor for yellow skin/eyes, dark urine, or a spreading blistering rash.\\n- Talk to your doctor about using acetaminophen during pregnancy.'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Acetaminophen', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"MedlinePlus (NLM)\", \"url\": \"https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a681004.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/acetaminophen.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'symptom'}, page_content='Drug: Acetaminophen (Non-opioid analgesic and antipyretic) | Symptom: Nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, upper-belly pain, or sweating after taking acetaminophen | These can be early signs of acetaminophen overdose and liver injury, which may occur even when someone initially feels well.'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Acetaminophen', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"MedlinePlus (NLM)\", \"url\": \"https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a681004.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/acetaminophen.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'symptom'}, page_content='Drug: Acetaminophen (Non-opioid analgesic and antipyretic) | Symptom: Yellowing of the skin or eyes, dark urine, or pale/clay-colored stools | May indicate liver damage from acetaminophen.'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Acetaminophen', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"MedlinePlus (NLM)\", \"url\": \"https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a681004.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/acetaminophen.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'symptom'}, page_content='Drug: Acetaminophen (Non-opioid analgesic and antipyretic) | Symptom: A spreading skin rash with blistering or peeling | Rare but serious skin reaction to acetaminophen.'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Aspirin', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"MedlinePlus (NLM)\", \"url\": \"https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a682878.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/aspirin.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'uses'}, page_content=\"Drug: Aspirin (Salicylate; antiplatelet agent (also a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug)) | Uses: Reduces fever\\n- Relieves mild to moderate pain and inflammation\\n- Helps prevent and treat heart attacks, strokes, mini-strokes (TIAs), and chest pain (angina) - cardiovascular use only under a doctor's supervision | Indications: Mild to moderate pain and inflammation\\n- Fever\\n- Prevention and treatment of heart attack and ischemic stroke (antiplatelet use)\\n- Angina / acute coronary syndromes\\n- Other physician-directed uses: rheumatic fever, Kawasaki disease, and clot/pregnancy-complication prevention\"),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Aspirin', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"MedlinePlus (NLM)\", \"url\": \"https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a682878.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/aspirin.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'side_effects'}, page_content=\"Drug: Aspirin (Salicylate; antiplatelet agent (also a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug)) | Common side effects: Upset stomach\\n- Heartburn\\n- Nausea or vomiting\\n- Stomach pain\\n- Drowsiness\\n- Mild headache | Serious: Stomach or intestinal bleeding: bloody or black/tarry stools, vomit that is bloody or looks like coffee grounds\\n- Salicylate toxicity: ringing in the ears or hearing loss, confusion, hallucinations, rapid breathing, seizures\\n- Serious allergic reaction: hives, swelling of the face/lips/tongue/throat, wheezing or difficulty breathing\\n- Reye's syndrome in children and teenagers (serious, sometimes fatal)\\n- Severe nausea, vomiting, or stomach pain; fast heartbeat; cold, clammy skin\"),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Aspirin', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"MedlinePlus (NLM)\", \"url\": \"https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a682878.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/aspirin.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'warnings'}, page_content=\"Drug: Aspirin (Salicylate; antiplatelet agent (also a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug)) | Warnings: Do not give aspirin to children or teenagers with fever, flu symptoms, or chickenpox due to the risk of Reye's syndrome\\n- Increases the risk of stomach and intestinal bleeding, especially with alcohol, ulcers, or long-term use\\n- Avoid if you have had asthma or a severe allergic reaction to aspirin or other NSAIDs\\n- Doses above 81 mg should generally be avoided after 20 weeks of pregnancy unless directed by a doctor; aspirin in late pregnancy can cause bleeding\\n- Use for heart attack/stroke prevention only under a doctor's direction\\n- Ibuprofen can reduce aspirin's heart-protective effect - separate the doses\\n- Discard tablets that smell strongly of vinegar (they may no longer be effective) | Contraindications: Known allergy to aspirin or other NSAIDs\\n- History of asthma attack or severe allergic reaction after aspirin/NSAIDs\\n- Bleeding disorder such as hemophilia\\n- Recent or active stomach/intestinal bleeding\\n- Children and teenagers with a viral illness (risk of Reye's syndrome) | Disease interactions: Bleeding or clotting disorders (e.g., hemophilia): Higher risk of serious bleeding; aspirin is generally avoided.\\n- Stomach ulcers or prior GI bleeding: Increased risk of ulcers and bleeding.\\n- Asthma with nasal polyps / aspirin sensitivity: Can trigger severe allergic or breathing reactions.\\n- Kidney or liver disease: Use with caution; may worsen organ function or bleeding risk.\\n- Gout: Aspirin can affect uric acid handling; tell your doctor if you have gout.\"),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Aspirin', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"MedlinePlus (NLM)\", \"url\": \"https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a682878.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/aspirin.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'dosage'}, page_content='Drug: Aspirin (Salicylate; antiplatelet agent (also a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug)) | Dose: For pain or fever: take per the package label, generally every 4-6 hours as needed (e.g., 325 mg, not exceeding label limits). For heart attack/stroke prevention (only when a doctor advises): a low dose, commonly 81 mg, once daily. | Frequency: Every 4 to 6 hours as needed for pain or fever; once daily for cardiovascular (antiplatelet) use | Administration: Take by mouth as directed. Chew chewable tablets before swallowing (and drink water). Swallow enteric-coated, delayed-release, or extended-release tablets whole - do not crush, break, or chew. Take with food/water if it causes stomach upset. Tell surgeons/dentists you take aspirin, as it may need to be paused before procedures. | Missed dose: Aspirin for pain is taken as needed. If you take it on a schedule (e.g., daily for the heart) and miss a dose, take it when you remember unless it is almost time for the next dose, then skip it. Do not double up. | Storage: Store at room temperature in the original, tightly closed container, away from excess heat and moisture (not in the bathroom). Discard tablets that have a strong vinegar smell. Keep out of reach of children.'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Aspirin', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"MedlinePlus (NLM)\", \"url\": \"https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a682878.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/aspirin.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'interactions'}, page_content=\"Drug: Aspirin (Salicylate; antiplatelet agent (also a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug)) | Drug interactions: Anticoagulants / blood thinners (warfarin) and other antiplatelet drugs: Aspirin adds to the bleeding effect of these medicines.\\n- Ibuprofen and other NSAIDs: Ibuprofen can block aspirin's antiplatelet (heart-protective) effect, and combining NSAIDs increases stomach bleeding.\\n- SSRIs/SNRIs (antidepressants such as fluoxetine, sertraline, paroxetine): Combining with aspirin increases bleeding tendency.\\n- Other salicylate-containing products (e.g., bismuth subsalicylate / Pepto-Bismol, choline/magnesium salicylate): Adds to the total salicylate dose. | Food interactions: Alcohol: Heavy drinking increases the risk of stomach bleeding; avoid or limit alcohol while taking aspirin.\"),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Aspirin', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"MedlinePlus (NLM)\", \"url\": \"https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a682878.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/aspirin.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'monitoring'}, page_content=\"Drug: Aspirin (Salicylate; antiplatelet agent (also a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug)) | Monitoring: Watch for signs of bleeding (black stools, coffee-ground vomit, easy bruising)\\n- Hearing changes or ringing in the ears (possible salicylate toxicity)\\n- Kidney and liver function in at-risk patients\\n- Periodic review of ongoing need for daily (cardiovascular) aspirin | Counseling: Never give aspirin to children or teenagers with fever, flu, or chickenpox (risk of Reye's syndrome).\\n- Take with food and a full glass of water if it upsets your stomach.\\n- Stop and seek care for black/tarry stools, bloody or coffee-ground vomit, or ringing in the ears.\\n- If you take daily aspirin for your heart, do not stop suddenly without medical advice, and avoid ibuprofen close to your aspirin dose.\\n- Tell your dentist or surgeon you take aspirin before any procedure.\\n- Avoid heavy alcohol use.\"),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Aspirin', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"MedlinePlus (NLM)\", \"url\": \"https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a682878.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/aspirin.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'symptom'}, page_content='Drug: Aspirin (Salicylate; antiplatelet agent (also a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug)) | Symptom: Ringing in the ears, hearing loss, confusion, or rapid breathing | Can be signs of salicylate (aspirin) toxicity, which may occur with high doses or over time.'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Aspirin', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"MedlinePlus (NLM)\", \"url\": \"https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a682878.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/aspirin.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'symptom'}, page_content='Drug: Aspirin (Salicylate; antiplatelet agent (also a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug)) | Symptom: Black or tarry stools, bloody or coffee-ground vomit, or severe stomach pain | Signs of stomach or intestinal bleeding, a known risk of aspirin.'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Aspirin', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"MedlinePlus (NLM)\", \"url\": \"https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a682878.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/aspirin.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'symptom'}, page_content='Drug: Aspirin (Salicylate; antiplatelet agent (also a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug)) | Symptom: Hives, swelling of the face/throat, or wheezing | May be an allergic reaction; people with asthma or nasal polyps are at higher risk.'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Naproxen', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"MedlinePlus (NLM)\", \"url\": \"https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a681029.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/naproxen.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'uses'}, page_content='Drug: Naproxen (Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)) | Uses: Relieves pain, tenderness, swelling, and stiffness from arthritis (osteoarthritis, rheumatoid, juvenile, ankylosing spondylitis)\\n- Relieves pain from bursitis, tendinitis, gout attacks, and menstrual cramps\\n- Reduces fever and relieves minor aches and pains (over-the-counter) | Indications: Osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis\\n- Tendinitis, bursitis, and acute gouty arthritis\\n- Mild to moderate pain, including menstrual pain\\n- Fever (OTC)'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Naproxen', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"MedlinePlus (NLM)\", \"url\": \"https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a681029.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/naproxen.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'side_effects'}, page_content='Drug: Naproxen (Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)) | Common side effects: Indigestion / heartburn\\n- Stomach pain\\n- Nausea\\n- Headache\\n- Dizziness or lightheadedness\\n- Drowsiness\\n- Constipation or gas\\n- Ringing in the ears\\n- Bruising, itching, or rash\\n- Trouble sleeping | Serious: Heart attack or stroke: chest pain spreading to the jaw or shoulder, sudden one-sided weakness or numbness, slurred speech, shortness of breath\\n- Stomach or intestinal bleeding: bloody or black/tarry stools, vomit that is bloody or looks like coffee grounds\\n- Kidney problems: little or no urination, swelling of the feet/ankles, tiredness or breathlessness\\n- Liver problems: upper-right stomach pain, dark urine, jaundice (yellow skin/eyes)\\n- Anemia (pale skin, lightheadedness, rapid heartbeat)\\n- Severe skin reaction or serious whole-body drug reaction (rash with blistering/peeling, fever, swollen glands)\\n- Fluid retention, high blood pressure, or heart failure (swelling, rapid weight gain, breathlessness)'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Naproxen', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"MedlinePlus (NLM)\", \"url\": \"https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a681029.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/naproxen.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'warnings'}, page_content='Drug: Naproxen (Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)) | Warnings: Boxed warning: increased risk of serious, potentially fatal heart attack and stroke; do not use just before or after heart bypass (CABG) surgery\\n- Boxed warning: risk of serious, potentially fatal stomach/intestinal ulcers and bleeding, especially in older adults, with long use, or with alcohol\\n- Use the lowest effective dose for the shortest time\\n- Avoid during the last 20 weeks of pregnancy unless directed by a doctor\\n- Delayed-release and extended-release forms are for chronic conditions and do not work fast enough for acute pain\\n- Use caution with heart disease, high blood pressure, heart failure, kidney disease, and asthma; may temporarily reduce female fertility | Contraindications: Known hypersensitivity to naproxen\\n- History of asthma attack, hives, or severe allergic reaction after aspirin or other NSAIDs\\n- In the setting of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery | Disease interactions: Heart disease, high blood pressure, or heart failure: NSAIDs raise cardiovascular risk and can cause fluid retention and worsen blood pressure/heart failure.\\n- History of stomach ulcer or GI bleeding: Higher risk of serious ulcers and bleeding.\\n- Kidney disease: Naproxen can reduce kidney function, especially with dehydration or other kidney-affecting drugs.\\n- Asthma (especially with nasal polyps): Can trigger severe bronchospasm in aspirin/NSAID-sensitive asthma.\\n- Liver disease: Use with caution; rare liver injury can occur.'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Naproxen', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"MedlinePlus (NLM)\", \"url\": \"https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a681029.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/naproxen.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'dosage'}, page_content='Drug: Naproxen (Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)) | Dose: Over-the-counter: 220 mg every 8-12 hours as needed (follow label limits). Prescription: 250-500 mg twice daily for arthritis; every 6-8 hours as needed for other pain; every 8 hours for acute gout. Extended-release forms are taken once daily. Use the lowest effective dose. | Frequency: Twice daily for arthritis; every 6-8 hours as needed for pain; once daily for extended-release; OTC every 8-12 hours as needed | Administration: Take by mouth with water; take with food or milk if it upsets your stomach. Swallow delayed-release and extended-release tablets whole - do not split, chew, or crush. Shake the suspension and measure with the supplied device. Use the lowest effective dose for the shortest time, and do not take other NSAID-containing products at the same time. | Missed dose: If taken as needed, no schedule applies. If you take it on a schedule, take the missed dose when you remember unless it is almost time for the next dose, then skip it. Do not take a double dose. | Storage: Store at room temperature in the original, tightly closed container, away from excess heat, moisture, and light (not in the bathroom). Keep out of reach of children.'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Naproxen', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"MedlinePlus (NLM)\", \"url\": \"https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a681029.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/naproxen.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'interactions'}, page_content=\"Drug: Naproxen (Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)) | Drug interactions: Anticoagulants / blood thinners (warfarin) and antiplatelet drugs: Naproxen adds to bleeding effects and irritates the stomach lining; it can raise bleeding risk markedly in people on blood thinners.\\n- SSRIs/SNRIs (antidepressants such as fluoxetine, sertraline, duloxetine, venlafaxine): Combining with an NSAID increases bleeding tendency.\\n- Other NSAIDs, aspirin, or salicylates: Adds to GI and kidney toxicity; naproxen may also interfere with low-dose aspirin's heart-protective effect.\\n- Oral corticosteroids (e.g., prednisone): Additive risk of stomach ulcers and bleeding.\\n- Lithium, methotrexate, and pemetrexed: Naproxen can raise blood levels of these drugs.\\n- Blood-pressure medicines (ACE inhibitors/ARBs) plus diuretics: NSAIDs can reduce their effect and, with a diuretic, can harm the kidneys. | Food interactions: Alcohol: Increases the risk of stomach bleeding; avoid or limit alcohol while taking naproxen.\\n- Food / milk: Taking naproxen with food or milk reduces stomach upset.\"),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Naproxen', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"MedlinePlus (NLM)\", \"url\": \"https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a681029.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/naproxen.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'monitoring'}, page_content='Drug: Naproxen (Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)) | Monitoring: Blood pressure\\n- Kidney function, especially with long-term use or in at-risk people\\n- Signs of stomach bleeding (black stools, coffee-ground vomit)\\n- Complete blood count (for anemia) with prolonged use\\n- Liver enzymes if symptoms of liver problems occur | Counseling: Use the lowest dose that works, for the shortest time; do not exceed label/prescribed limits.\\n- Take with food or milk and a full glass of water to reduce stomach upset.\\n- Stop and seek care for black/tarry stools, bloody or coffee-ground vomit, or severe stomach pain.\\n- Seek emergency help for chest pain, breathlessness, or stroke symptoms.\\n- Do not combine with other NSAIDs; ask before combining with low-dose aspirin.\\n- Avoid in the last 20 weeks of pregnancy unless your doctor advises, and limit alcohol.'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Naproxen', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"MedlinePlus (NLM)\", \"url\": \"https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a681029.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/naproxen.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'symptom'}, page_content='Drug: Naproxen (Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)) | Symptom: Black or tarry stools, bloody or coffee-ground vomit, or severe stomach pain | Signs of stomach or intestinal bleeding, a serious NSAID risk that can occur without warning.'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Naproxen', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"MedlinePlus (NLM)\", \"url\": \"https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a681029.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/naproxen.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'symptom'}, page_content='Drug: Naproxen (Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)) | Symptom: Chest pain, shortness of breath, weakness on one side, or slurred speech | NSAIDs can increase the risk of heart attack and stroke.'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Naproxen', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"MedlinePlus (NLM)\", \"url\": \"https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a681029.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/naproxen.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'symptom'}, page_content='Drug: Naproxen (Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)) | Symptom: Swelling of the ankles, feet, or legs, or sudden weight gain | May reflect fluid retention or effects on the kidneys or heart.'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Naproxen', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"MedlinePlus (NLM)\", \"url\": \"https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a681029.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/naproxen.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'symptom'}, page_content='Drug: Naproxen (Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)) | Symptom: Ringing in the ears | A common NSAID side effect.'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Diphenhydramine', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"MedlinePlus (NLM)\", \"url\": \"https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a682539.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/diphenhydramine.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'uses'}, page_content=\"Drug: Diphenhydramine (First-generation (sedating) antihistamine with anticholinergic properties) | Uses: Relief of allergy and cold symptoms: sneezing, runny nose, itchy/watery eyes, itching of the nose or throat, hives, and skin rash\\n- Short-term treatment of insomnia in adults (sleep aid)\\n- Prevention and treatment of motion sickness\\n- Management of certain Parkinson's disease symptoms and as part of treating allergic reactions | Indications: Allergic rhinitis and other allergy symptoms\\n- Urticaria (hives) and itching\\n- Common cold symptoms\\n- Short-term insomnia (adults)\\n- Motion sickness\\n- Parkinsonism / drug-induced movement symptoms\"),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Diphenhydramine', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"MedlinePlus (NLM)\", \"url\": \"https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a682539.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/diphenhydramine.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'side_effects'}, page_content=\"Drug: Diphenhydramine (First-generation (sedating) antihistamine with anticholinergic properties) | Common side effects: Drowsiness\\n- Dizziness\\n- Dry mouth, nose, and throat\\n- Blurred vision / dry eyes\\n- Constipation or upset stomach\\n- Loss of coordination / muscle weakness\\n- Next-day grogginess or 'hangover' feeling after nighttime use\\n- Excitement or agitation (especially in children, sometimes in older adults) | Serious: Pounding or fluttering heartbeat\\n- Painful or difficult urination, or little/no urination (urinary retention)\\n- Confusion or feeling like you might pass out\\n- Tightness in the neck or jaw, or uncontrollable tongue movements\\n- Serious allergic reaction: hives, difficulty breathing, swelling of the face/lips/tongue/throat\\n- Anticholinergic toxicity in overdose (which can be fatal)\"),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Diphenhydramine', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"MedlinePlus (NLM)\", \"url\": \"https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a682539.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/diphenhydramine.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'warnings'}, page_content='Drug: Diphenhydramine (First-generation (sedating) antihistamine with anticholinergic properties) | Warnings: Causes drowsiness - do not drive or operate machinery until you know how it affects you\\n- Alcohol and other sedating medicines add to the drowsiness\\n- Do not use to make a child sleepy, and do not give to a child under 2 years (misuse of cough/cold medicines can be fatal in very young children)\\n- Generally should be avoided in older adults (except for serious allergic reactions) due to confusion, falls, urinary retention, and other anticholinergic risks\\n- Use caution with glaucoma, enlarged prostate/urinary problems, asthma or COPD, heart disease, and thyroid disorder\\n- Can affect the results of allergy skin tests | Contraindications: Known hypersensitivity to diphenhydramine\\n- Newborn or premature infants\\n- Use to sedate a child / in children under 2 years without medical advice | Disease interactions: Glaucoma: Anticholinergic effects can worsen glaucoma; use with caution.\\n- Enlarged prostate / urinary retention: Can cause or worsen difficulty urinating.\\n- Asthma, COPD, or chronic breathing problems: Can thicken secretions and should be used cautiously.\\n- Heart disease / low blood pressure: Use with caution; rarely affects heart rhythm or blood pressure.\\n- Older age: Older adults are more sensitive to confusion, falls, urinary retention, and other anticholinergic effects; generally avoid except for serious allergic reactions.'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Diphenhydramine', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"MedlinePlus (NLM)\", \"url\": \"https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a682539.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/diphenhydramine.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'dosage'}, page_content='Drug: Diphenhydramine (First-generation (sedating) antihistamine with anticholinergic properties) | Dose: 25-50 mg every 4-6 hours as needed for allergy/cold symptoms; do not exceed about 300 mg in 24 hours. As a sleep aid: 50 mg about 30 minutes before bedtime. For motion sickness: take about 30 minutes before travel. | Frequency: Every 4 to 6 hours as needed for allergy/cold symptoms; once at bedtime when used as a sleep aid | Administration: Take by mouth as directed on the label. Measure liquid with a proper dosing device, not a household spoon. Use only for a short time until symptoms clear. As a sleep aid, take within 30 minutes of bedtime; for motion sickness, take 30 minutes before travel. Do not take other antihistamine-containing products at the same time. | Missed dose: Diphenhydramine is usually taken as needed. If you are on a schedule, take the missed dose when you remember unless it is almost time for the next dose, then skip it. Do not take a double dose. | Storage: Store at room temperature in the original, tightly closed container, away from excess heat and moisture (not in the bathroom). Keep out of reach of children.'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Diphenhydramine', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"MedlinePlus (NLM)\", \"url\": \"https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a682539.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/diphenhydramine.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'interactions'}, page_content=\"Drug: Diphenhydramine (First-generation (sedating) antihistamine with anticholinergic properties) | Drug interactions: CNS depressants (alcohol, opioid pain medicines, sedatives/sleeping pills, benzodiazepines, muscle relaxers, and medicines for anxiety, depression, or seizures): Add to diphenhydramine's sedating and breathing-slowing effects.\\n- Other antihistamines or anticholinergic medicines (including many cold, allergy, and sleep combination products, tricyclic antidepressants, bladder/Parkinson anticholinergics): Add to anticholinergic effects and can lead to too much total antihistamine. | Food interactions: Alcohol: Increases drowsiness and dizziness; avoid alcohol while taking diphenhydramine.\"),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Diphenhydramine', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"MedlinePlus (NLM)\", \"url\": \"https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a682539.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/diphenhydramine.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'monitoring'}, page_content='Drug: Diphenhydramine (First-generation (sedating) antihistamine with anticholinergic properties) | Monitoring: Degree of sedation and impact on driving/alertness\\n- In older adults: watch for confusion, falls, and urinary retention\\n- Reassess if symptoms last more than 7 days or occur with fever, headache, cough, or rash | Counseling: Expect drowsiness; do not drive or operate machinery and avoid alcohol.\\n- Use only short-term; see a doctor if symptoms last more than 7 days or come with a fever and headache, cough, or rash.\\n- Do not give to children under 2 and never use it to make a child sleepy.\\n- Older adults should generally use safer alternatives; ask a doctor or pharmacist.\\n- Do not combine with other antihistamine-containing cold, allergy, or sleep products.\\n- For sleep, take about 30 minutes before bed; for motion sickness, 30 minutes before travel.'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Diphenhydramine', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"MedlinePlus (NLM)\", \"url\": \"https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a682539.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/diphenhydramine.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'symptom'}, page_content='Drug: Diphenhydramine (First-generation (sedating) antihistamine with anticholinergic properties) | Symptom: Strong drowsiness, grogginess, dizziness, or loss of coordination | Expected sedating effects of this first-generation antihistamine; they can persist into the next day after nighttime use.'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Diphenhydramine', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"MedlinePlus (NLM)\", \"url\": \"https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a682539.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/diphenhydramine.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'symptom'}, page_content='Drug: Diphenhydramine (First-generation (sedating) antihistamine with anticholinergic properties) | Symptom: Difficulty or painful urination, or passing little/no urine | Anticholinergic effect of diphenhydramine, more likely in men with an enlarged prostate.'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Diphenhydramine', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"MedlinePlus (NLM)\", \"url\": \"https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a682539.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/diphenhydramine.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'symptom'}, page_content='Drug: Diphenhydramine (First-generation (sedating) antihistamine with anticholinergic properties) | Symptom: Confusion, hallucinations, pounding heartbeat, or feeling faint | Can reflect anticholinergic toxicity or overdose, more likely with high doses or in older adults.'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Apixaban', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com (Eliquis)\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/eliquis.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'uses'}, page_content='Drug: Apixaban (Direct oral anticoagulant (factor Xa inhibitor)) | Uses: Lowers the risk of stroke and blood clots in people with atrial fibrillation not caused by a heart valve problem\\n- Prevents blood clots (DVT/PE) after hip or knee replacement surgery\\n- Treats deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) and reduces the risk of them returning | Indications: Nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (stroke/systemic embolism prevention)\\n- DVT/PE treatment and secondary prevention\\n- VTE prophylaxis after hip or knee replacement\\n- Venous thromboembolism in children (after initial anticoagulation)'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Apixaban', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com (Eliquis)\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/eliquis.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'side_effects'}, page_content=\"Drug: Apixaban (Direct oral anticoagulant (factor Xa inhibitor)) | Common side effects: Easy bruising\\n- Minor bleeding (gums, nose)\\n- Bleeding that takes longer than usual to stop\\n- In children: headache, vomiting, heavy menstrual bleeding | Serious: Severe or life-threatening bleeding: blood in urine, bloody/tarry stools, coughing up blood, coffee-ground vomit, heavy vaginal bleeding, any bleeding that won't stop\\n- Spinal or epidural blood clot (with spinal procedures): back pain, leg numbness/weakness, loss of bladder or bowel control - can cause paralysis\\n- Higher risk of stroke or clot if the medicine is stopped suddenly\\n- Serious allergic reaction: hives, chest tightness, wheezing, swelling of face/lips/tongue/throat\"),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Apixaban', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com (Eliquis)\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/eliquis.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'warnings'}, page_content=\"Drug: Apixaban (Direct oral anticoagulant (factor Xa inhibitor)) | Warnings: Increases the risk of serious or fatal bleeding, especially with other blood-affecting medicines\\n- Do not stop taking it without your doctor's advice - stopping raises the risk of stroke or clots\\n- Usually stopped 24-48 hours before surgery or dental/medical procedures (longer if kidney problems) - follow your doctor's plan\\n- Risk of spinal/epidural blood clots with spinal taps or epidurals\\n- Not for people with mechanical (artificial) heart valves or triple-positive antiphospholipid syndrome\\n- Tell all doctors and dentists you take apixaban; report any fall or head injury | Contraindications: Active serious bleeding\\n- Known hypersensitivity to apixaban\\n- Mechanical prosthetic heart valve\\n- Antiphospholipid syndrome (especially triple-antibody positive) | Disease interactions: Kidney disease: Affects dosing and bleeding risk; dose and timing around procedures may change.\\n- Liver disease: Can increase bleeding risk; use with caution.\\n- Bleeding disorders or active ulcers: Higher risk of serious bleeding.\\n- Mechanical heart valve / antiphospholipid syndrome: Apixaban is not effective/appropriate in these conditions.\"),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Apixaban', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com (Eliquis)\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/eliquis.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'dosage'}, page_content='Drug: Apixaban (Direct oral anticoagulant (factor Xa inhibitor)) | Dose: Atrial fibrillation: 5 mg twice daily (2.5 mg twice daily if at least two of: age 80+, weight 60 kg or less, creatinine 1.5 mg/dL or higher). DVT/PE treatment: 10 mg twice daily for 7 days, then 5 mg twice daily; 2.5 mg twice daily for long-term recurrence prevention. Hip/knee replacement prophylaxis: 2.5 mg twice daily. | Frequency: Twice daily | Administration: Take by mouth twice daily as prescribed. If you cannot swallow tablets, 2.5 mg and 5 mg tablets may be crushed and mixed in water, D5W, apple juice, or applesauce and taken promptly. Do not run out or stop without medical advice, and report any falls or injuries (especially head injuries). | Missed dose: Take the missed dose as soon as you remember on the same day, then return to the twice-daily schedule. Do not take two doses at once to make up for a missed dose. | Storage: Store at room temperature, 20-25 C (68-77 F). Keep out of reach of children.'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Apixaban', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com (Eliquis)\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/eliquis.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'interactions'}, page_content=\"Drug: Apixaban (Direct oral anticoagulant (factor Xa inhibitor)) | Drug interactions: Other anticoagulants/antiplatelets, NSAIDs, aspirin, SSRIs/SNRIs, heparin, warfarin, clopidogrel: Add to the bleeding effect.\\n- Combined P-glycoprotein and strong CYP3A4 inhibitors (ketoconazole, itraconazole, ritonavir): Raise apixaban blood levels.\\n- Strong dual inducers (rifampin, carbamazepine, phenytoin, St. John's wort): Lower apixaban blood levels. | Food interactions: Grapefruit, pomelos, and Seville (bitter) oranges: Can raise apixaban levels and bleeding risk; limit them. (Unlike warfarin, apixaban is not affected by vitamin K / leafy greens.)\\n- Alcohol: Increases the risk of stomach bleeding and falls/injury.\"),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Apixaban', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com (Eliquis)\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/eliquis.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'monitoring'}, page_content=\"Drug: Apixaban (Direct oral anticoagulant (factor Xa inhibitor)) | Monitoring: Signs of bleeding or bruising\\n- Kidney and liver function periodically\\n- No routine INR monitoring is required (unlike warfarin) | Counseling: Take it twice every day; do not stop without your doctor's advice - stopping raises stroke/clot risk.\\n- Seek emergency care for bleeding that won't stop, blood in urine/stool, or coughing up blood.\\n- Tell all providers and dentists you take apixaban before any procedure.\\n- Avoid grapefruit/pomelo/Seville orange and limit alcohol; you do NOT need to avoid leafy greens.\\n- Report any fall or head injury promptly.\\n- Do not run out - refill before your supply ends.\"),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Apixaban', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com (Eliquis)\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/eliquis.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'symptom'}, page_content='Drug: Apixaban (Direct oral anticoagulant (factor Xa inhibitor)) | Symptom: Bleeding that will not stop, blood in urine or stool, or coffee-ground vomit | Apixaban is a blood thinner; bleeding is its main serious risk.'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Apixaban', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com (Eliquis)\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/eliquis.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'symptom'}, page_content='Drug: Apixaban (Direct oral anticoagulant (factor Xa inhibitor)) | Symptom: Back pain, leg numbness or weakness, or loss of bladder/bowel control after a spinal injection or tap | May indicate a spinal/epidural blood clot, a rare but serious complication.'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Apixaban', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com (Eliquis)\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/eliquis.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'symptom'}, page_content='Drug: Apixaban (Direct oral anticoagulant (factor Xa inhibitor)) | Symptom: Sudden numbness, weakness, confusion, or trouble speaking | Could be a stroke/clot, more likely if doses are missed or the drug is stopped.'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Clopidogrel', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com (Plavix)\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/plavix.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'uses'}, page_content='Drug: Clopidogrel (Antiplatelet agent (P2Y12 platelet inhibitor)) | Uses: Lowers the risk of stroke, heart attack, and blood clots after a heart attack, acute coronary syndrome, stroke, or with peripheral artery disease\\n- Helps prevent clots forming on coronary stents (often taken with aspirin) | Indications: Acute coronary syndrome (unstable angina, NSTEMI, STEMI)\\n- Recent myocardial infarction\\n- Recent ischemic stroke\\n- Established peripheral arterial disease'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Clopidogrel', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com (Plavix)\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/plavix.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'side_effects'}, page_content=\"Drug: Clopidogrel (Antiplatelet agent (P2Y12 platelet inhibitor)) | Common side effects: Easy bruising\\n- Minor bleeding (nosebleeds, bleeding gums)\\n- Bleeding that takes longer to stop | Serious: Severe or life-threatening bleeding: blood in urine, black or bloody stools, coughing up blood, coffee-ground vomit, bleeding that won't stop\\n- Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) - rare: purple spots, pale skin, jaundice, fever, fast heartbeat, weakness, little urination, confusion or seizures\\n- Higher risk of heart attack or stroke if stopped suddenly\\n- Serious allergic reaction (swelling of face/throat, hives, trouble breathing)\"),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Clopidogrel', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com (Plavix)\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/plavix.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'warnings'}, page_content='Drug: Clopidogrel (Antiplatelet agent (P2Y12 platelet inhibitor)) | Warnings: Increases the risk of serious bleeding, even from minor injuries\\n- Do not stop without talking to your doctor - stopping raises the risk of heart attack or stroke\\n- May work less well in people with certain genetic differences in how they process it (CYP2C19)\\n- Avoid the acid reducers omeprazole and esomeprazole, which can lower its effectiveness\\n- Tell surgeons/dentists you take clopidogrel; it may be paused before procedures | Contraindications: Active bleeding (e.g., stomach ulcer or bleeding in the brain)\\n- Known hypersensitivity to clopidogrel | Disease interactions: Active ulcer or bleeding disorder: Higher risk of serious bleeding; clopidogrel may be unsuitable.\\n- Liver disease: Can affect activation and bleeding risk.\\n- Kidney disease: Use with caution and monitoring.\\n- CYP2C19 poor-metabolizer status: Clopidogrel may be less effective; an alternative antiplatelet may be considered.'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Clopidogrel', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com (Plavix)\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/plavix.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'dosage'}, page_content='Drug: Clopidogrel (Antiplatelet agent (P2Y12 platelet inhibitor)) | Dose: Acute coronary syndrome: a 300 mg loading dose, then 75 mg once daily (usually with aspirin 75-325 mg daily). Recent MI, recent stroke, or peripheral artery disease: 75 mg once daily. | Frequency: Once daily | Administration: Take by mouth once daily, with or without food. If your doctor has prescribed aspirin with it, take the aspirin only as directed. Do not stop without medical advice, and tell any healthcare provider treating you that you take clopidogrel. | Missed dose: Take the missed dose as soon as you remember, but skip it if it is almost time for the next dose. Do not take two doses at once. | Storage: Store at room temperature away from moisture and heat. Keep out of reach of children.'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Clopidogrel', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com (Plavix)\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/plavix.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'interactions'}, page_content='Drug: Clopidogrel (Antiplatelet agent (P2Y12 platelet inhibitor)) | Drug interactions: Omeprazole and esomeprazole: These reduce the enzyme (CYP2C19) activation of clopidogrel into its active form.\\n- Anticoagulants (warfarin, heparin) and other antiplatelets: Add to the bleeding effect.\\n- NSAIDs and aspirin (ibuprofen, naproxen, and others): Add to bleeding risk and stomach irritation.\\n- SSRIs/SNRIs (antidepressants such as fluoxetine, sertraline, citalopram, duloxetine, venlafaxine): Increase bleeding tendency. | Food interactions: Alcohol: Increases the risk of stomach bleeding.'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Clopidogrel', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com (Plavix)\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/plavix.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'monitoring'}, page_content=\"Drug: Clopidogrel (Antiplatelet agent (P2Y12 platelet inhibitor)) | Monitoring: Signs of bleeding or bruising\\n- Blood counts if TTP or anemia is suspected\\n- Genetic (CYP2C19) testing in selected patients | Counseling: Do not stop without your doctor's advice - stopping raises heart attack/stroke risk.\\n- Seek care for bleeding that won't stop, blood in urine/stool, or coughing up blood.\\n- Avoid omeprazole/esomeprazole; ask about pantoprazole or famotidine if you need an acid reducer.\\n- Tell surgeons and dentists you take clopidogrel before any procedure.\\n- Take aspirin with it only if your doctor tells you to.\\n- Limit alcohol to reduce stomach-bleeding risk.\"),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Clopidogrel', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com (Plavix)\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/plavix.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'symptom'}, page_content='Drug: Clopidogrel (Antiplatelet agent (P2Y12 platelet inhibitor)) | Symptom: Bleeding that will not stop, blood in urine or stool, or coffee-ground vomit | Clopidogrel reduces clotting, so bleeding is the main serious risk.'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Clopidogrel', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com (Plavix)\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/plavix.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'symptom'}, page_content='Drug: Clopidogrel (Antiplatelet agent (P2Y12 platelet inhibitor)) | Symptom: Purple spots on skin, pale skin, jaundice, confusion, or very little urination | May be signs of TTP, a rare but serious blood disorder.'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Clopidogrel', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com (Plavix)\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/plavix.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'symptom'}, page_content='Drug: Clopidogrel (Antiplatelet agent (P2Y12 platelet inhibitor)) | Symptom: Sudden numbness, weakness, vision or speech problems | Could indicate a clot/stroke, more likely if doses are missed or the drug is stopped.'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Furosemide', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/furosemide.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'uses'}, page_content='Drug: Furosemide (Loop diuretic) | Uses: Treatment of fluid retention (edema) in heart failure, liver disease, or kidney disorders (including nephrotic syndrome)\\n- Treatment of high blood pressure (hypertension)\\n- Rapid treatment of acute pulmonary edema (by injection) | Indications: Edema (fluid overload)\\n- Hypertension\\n- Acute pulmonary edema'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Furosemide', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/furosemide.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'side_effects'}, page_content='Drug: Furosemide (Loop diuretic) | Common side effects: Increased urination\\n- Dizziness or lightheadedness\\n- Diarrhea or constipation\\n- Loss of appetite\\n- Numbness or tingling\\n- Headache\\n- Blurred vision | Serious: Dehydration and electrolyte imbalance: muscle cramps, weakness, irregular heartbeat, severe thirst, confusion\\n- Ringing in the ears or hearing loss (can be permanent with high or rapid IV doses)\\n- Severe low blood pressure or fainting\\n- Kidney problems; signs of liver or pancreas problems (severe stomach pain, jaundice)\\n- High blood sugar; low potassium/magnesium\\n- Serious allergic or skin reaction; easy bruising or unusual bleeding'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Furosemide', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/furosemide.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'warnings'}, page_content='Drug: Furosemide (Loop diuretic) | Warnings: Do not use if you are unable to urinate\\n- High doses can cause irreversible hearing loss\\n- Strong diuresis can cause water and electrolyte depletion - careful medical supervision and monitoring are needed\\n- Tell your doctor about sulfa-drug allergy\\n- Contrast dye plus furosemide can harm the kidneys\\n- Increases sun sensitivity - use sun protection; keep taking it for blood pressure even if you feel well | Contraindications: Inability to urinate (anuria)\\n- Known hypersensitivity to furosemide\\n- Hepatic coma or severe electrolyte depletion until corrected | Disease interactions: Kidney disease: Dose and response vary; monitor kidney function and electrolytes.\\n- Liver cirrhosis: Electrolyte shifts can precipitate hepatic coma; use with caution.\\n- Gout: Raises uric acid and can trigger gout.\\n- Diabetes: Can raise blood sugar.\\n- Enlarged prostate / urinary obstruction: Increased urine output can worsen urinary retention symptoms.'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Furosemide', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/furosemide.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'dosage'}, page_content=\"Drug: Furosemide (Loop diuretic) | Dose: Edema: 20-80 mg by mouth once, repeated or increased by 20-40 mg every 6-8 hours until the desired effect, then the effective dose once or twice daily. Hypertension: about 40 mg twice daily. Acute pulmonary edema: 40 mg IV (may repeat). | Frequency: Once or twice daily for most oral uses; often taken earlier in the day to avoid nighttime urination | Administration: Take by mouth as prescribed, measuring liquid with a proper device. Do not take more than prescribed (high doses risk hearing loss). Follow your doctor's advice about fluids and potassium. If you also take sucralfate, separate it from furosemide by at least 2 hours. Use sun protection. | Missed dose: If on a regular schedule, take the missed dose when you remember, but skip it if it is almost time for the next dose. Do not take two doses at once. | Storage: Store at room temperature away from light, moisture, and heat (oral solution may need refrigeration per the label). Keep out of reach of children.\"),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Furosemide', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/furosemide.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'interactions'}, page_content=\"Drug: Furosemide (Loop diuretic) | Drug interactions: Lithium: Furosemide reduces lithium clearance, raising its levels.\\n- Ototoxic/nephrotoxic drugs (aminoglycoside antibiotics, cisplatin): Additive damage to hearing and kidneys.\\n- NSAIDs (ibuprofen, naproxen, aspirin, and others): NSAIDs blunt the diuretic effect and stress the kidneys.\\n- Sucralfate: Sucralfate reduces furosemide absorption if taken together.\\n- Other blood-pressure medicines: Additive blood-pressure lowering. | Food interactions: Alcohol: Can increase dizziness and the blood-pressure-lowering effect.\\n- Potassium / salt (diet): Furosemide lowers potassium and sodium; follow your doctor's advice on potassium-rich foods or supplements and salt intake.\"),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Furosemide', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/furosemide.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'monitoring'}, page_content=\"Drug: Furosemide (Loop diuretic) | Monitoring: Electrolytes (potassium, sodium, magnesium)\\n- Kidney function\\n- Blood pressure, weight, and fluid status\\n- Blood glucose and uric acid\\n- Hearing if high doses are used | Counseling: Take earlier in the day to avoid being up at night to urinate.\\n- Report ringing in the ears or hearing changes, muscle cramps, or severe dizziness.\\n- Follow your doctor's fluid and potassium advice; do not over- or under-drink.\\n- Use sun protection; the drug increases sun sensitivity.\\n- Separate sucralfate from furosemide by at least 2 hours.\\n- Keep taking it for blood pressure even if you feel well.\"),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Furosemide', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/furosemide.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'symptom'}, page_content='Drug: Furosemide (Loop diuretic) | Symptom: Ringing in the ears or hearing changes | Furosemide can affect hearing, especially at high doses or rapid IV administration.'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Furosemide', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/furosemide.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'symptom'}, page_content='Drug: Furosemide (Loop diuretic) | Symptom: Muscle cramps, weakness, or irregular heartbeat | May indicate low potassium, sodium, or magnesium from the strong diuretic effect.'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Furosemide', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/furosemide.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'symptom'}, page_content='Drug: Furosemide (Loop diuretic) | Symptom: Severe dizziness, fainting, very dry mouth, or little urination | Signs of dehydration or very low blood pressure.'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Hydrochlorothiazide', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/hydrochlorothiazide.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'uses'}, page_content='Drug: Hydrochlorothiazide (Thiazide diuretic) | Uses: Treatment of high blood pressure (hypertension)\\n- Treatment of fluid retention (edema) in heart failure, liver cirrhosis, kidney disorders, or caused by steroids/estrogen | Indications: Hypertension\\n- Edema (fluid retention)\\n- Off-label: nephrocalcinosis, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Hydrochlorothiazide', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/hydrochlorothiazide.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'side_effects'}, page_content='Drug: Hydrochlorothiazide (Thiazide diuretic) | Common side effects: Increased urination\\n- Dizziness or lightheadedness\\n- Weakness\\n- Low potassium or sodium (electrolyte imbalance)\\n- Increased blood sugar\\n- Increased uric acid (gout flares) | Serious: Severe allergic reaction or severe skin reaction (blistering/peeling rash)\\n- Electrolyte imbalance: muscle cramps, weakness, irregular heartbeat, confusion, severe thirst\\n- Dehydration with very low blood pressure\\n- Eye pain or sudden vision problems (rare acute angle-closure glaucoma)\\n- Pancreatitis: severe upper stomach pain spreading to the back with nausea/vomiting\\n- Kidney problems; jaundice; easy bruising or unusual bleeding\\n- Increased risk of skin cancer with long-term use'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Hydrochlorothiazide', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/hydrochlorothiazide.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'warnings'}, page_content='Drug: Hydrochlorothiazide (Thiazide diuretic) | Warnings: Do not use if you are unable to urinate\\n- Tell your doctor about sulfa-drug allergy\\n- Can cause dehydration and electrolyte imbalance - report vomiting, diarrhea, or heavy sweating\\n- May increase blood sugar (diabetes) and uric acid (gout)\\n- Increases sun sensitivity and the risk of skin cancer - use sun protection and have skin checks\\n- Keep taking it for blood pressure even if you feel well | Contraindications: Inability to urinate (anuria)\\n- Known hypersensitivity to hydrochlorothiazide or sulfonamide (sulfa) drugs | Disease interactions: Kidney disease: May be less effective and can worsen kidney function or electrolytes.\\n- Liver disease / cirrhosis: Electrolyte shifts can precipitate hepatic coma; use with caution.\\n- Gout: Raises uric acid and can trigger gout attacks.\\n- Diabetes: Can raise blood sugar.\\n- Lupus: May activate or worsen lupus.'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Hydrochlorothiazide', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/hydrochlorothiazide.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'dosage'}, page_content='Drug: Hydrochlorothiazide (Thiazide diuretic) | Dose: Hypertension: 25 mg once daily, may increase to 50 mg/day (single or divided). Edema: 25-100 mg once or twice daily, sometimes on an intermittent schedule. | Frequency: Once daily (sometimes twice daily); often taken in the morning to limit nighttime urination | Administration: Take by mouth as prescribed, ideally in the morning. Measure liquid forms with a proper device. Stay on the fluid plan your doctor advises, use sun protection, and keep taking it for blood pressure even when feeling well; do not stop without medical advice. | Missed dose: Take the missed dose when you remember, but skip it if it is almost time for the next dose. Do not take two doses at once. | Storage: Store at room temperature, tightly closed, away from moisture, heat, and freezing. Keep out of reach of children.'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Hydrochlorothiazide', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/hydrochlorothiazide.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'interactions'}, page_content='Drug: Hydrochlorothiazide (Thiazide diuretic) | Drug interactions: Lithium: Thiazides reduce lithium clearance, raising its blood levels.\\n- NSAIDs (ibuprofen, naproxen, aspirin, and others): NSAIDs can blunt the diuretic/blood-pressure effect and stress the kidneys.\\n- Other blood-pressure medicines: Additive blood-pressure lowering.\\n- Corticosteroids and other potassium-lowering drugs: Add to potassium loss.\\n- Insulin and oral diabetes medicines: Hydrochlorothiazide can raise blood sugar. | Food interactions: Alcohol: Can increase dizziness and the blood-pressure-lowering effect.\\n- Potassium (diet/supplements): Because the drug lowers potassium, your doctor may advise potassium-rich foods or supplements - follow their guidance rather than self-treating.'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Hydrochlorothiazide', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/hydrochlorothiazide.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'monitoring'}, page_content='Drug: Hydrochlorothiazide (Thiazide diuretic) | Monitoring: Blood pressure\\n- Electrolytes (potassium, sodium, magnesium)\\n- Kidney function\\n- Blood glucose and uric acid\\n- Periodic skin checks with long-term use | Counseling: Take it in the morning to reduce nighttime urination.\\n- Use sunscreen and protective clothing; the drug increases sun sensitivity and skin-cancer risk.\\n- Report muscle cramps, weakness, or palpitations (possible low potassium).\\n- Maintain the fluid/diet plan your doctor recommends and avoid heavy alcohol.\\n- Keep taking it for blood pressure even if you feel well.\\n- Tell your doctor about any sulfa-drug allergy.'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Hydrochlorothiazide', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/hydrochlorothiazide.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'symptom'}, page_content='Drug: Hydrochlorothiazide (Thiazide diuretic) | Symptom: Muscle cramps, weakness, or irregular heartbeat | May indicate low potassium, sodium, or magnesium from the diuretic effect.'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Hydrochlorothiazide', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/hydrochlorothiazide.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'symptom'}, page_content='Drug: Hydrochlorothiazide (Thiazide diuretic) | Symptom: Dizziness or lightheadedness on standing | May reflect low blood pressure or dehydration, especially in hot weather or with illness.'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Hydrochlorothiazide', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/hydrochlorothiazide.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'symptom'}, page_content='Drug: Hydrochlorothiazide (Thiazide diuretic) | Symptom: Sudden eye pain or vision changes | Rarely, hydrochlorothiazide can trigger acute glaucoma.'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Losartan', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/losartan.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"MedlinePlus (NLM)\", \"url\": \"https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a695008.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'uses'}, page_content='Drug: Losartan (Angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB)) | Uses: Treatment of high blood pressure (hypertension) in adults and children 6 years and older\\n- Reduces the risk of stroke in people with hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy (may be less effective for this in African American patients)\\n- Treatment of diabetic kidney disease (nephropathy) in people with type 2 diabetes and high blood pressure | Indications: Hypertension\\n- Stroke risk reduction in hypertension with left ventricular hypertrophy\\n- Diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetes with hypertension\\n- Off-label: heart failure'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Losartan', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/losartan.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"MedlinePlus (NLM)\", \"url\": \"https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a695008.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'side_effects'}, page_content='Drug: Losartan (Angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB)) | Common side effects: Dizziness\\n- Tiredness\\n- Low blood pressure\\n- Low blood sugar\\n- Diarrhea\\n- Back, leg, or knee pain\\n- Muscle cramps or weakness\\n- Heartburn\\n- Cold-like symptoms (stuffy nose, sneezing, sore throat) | Serious: Angioedema: swelling of the face, throat, tongue, lips, eyes, hands, feet, or lower legs; hoarseness; difficulty breathing or swallowing\\n- High blood potassium (hyperkalemia): nausea, weakness, tingling, chest pain, irregular heartbeat, loss of movement\\n- Kidney problems: swelling, urinating less, tiredness, shortness of breath\\n- Rhabdomyolysis (rare): unexplained muscle pain, tenderness, or weakness, especially with fever or dark urine\\n- Severe low blood pressure or fainting; chest pain'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Losartan', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/losartan.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"MedlinePlus (NLM)\", \"url\": \"https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a695008.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'warnings'}, page_content='Drug: Losartan (Angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB)) | Warnings: Do not use during pregnancy; it can injure or kill the fetus in the second/third trimester - stop and call your doctor if you become pregnant\\n- If you have diabetes (or kidney disease), do not use with aliskiren-containing medicines\\n- Can raise blood potassium; avoid potassium supplements and potassium-containing salt substitutes unless directed\\n- Dehydration (vomiting, diarrhea, heavy sweating) can cause a large drop in blood pressure or kidney problems\\n- Keep taking it even if you feel well; full blood-pressure effect may take 3 to 6 weeks | Contraindications: Pregnancy\\n- Known hypersensitivity to losartan\\n- Concomitant use with aliskiren in patients with diabetes | Disease interactions: Kidney disease: Requires monitoring; losartan can worsen kidney function, especially with dehydration or NSAIDs, and raise potassium.\\n- Heart failure: Used in some cases but needs monitoring of blood pressure, kidney function, and potassium.\\n- Liver disease: A lower starting dose may be needed.\\n- Volume or salt depletion / low blood pressure: Increased risk of symptomatic low blood pressure; correct before starting.'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Losartan', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/losartan.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"MedlinePlus (NLM)\", \"url\": \"https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a695008.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'dosage'}, page_content='Drug: Losartan (Angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB)) | Dose: Start 50 mg once daily (consider 25 mg if volume-depleted or on a diuretic); maximum 100 mg/day, given once daily or split into twice daily. | Frequency: Once daily (sometimes twice daily) | Administration: Take by mouth once daily (or as prescribed), with or without food, at a consistent time. Measure the oral suspension with a proper dosing device, not a kitchen spoon. Rise slowly to avoid dizziness, stay hydrated, and continue taking even if you feel well; do not stop without medical advice. | Missed dose: Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for the next dose, skip the missed dose and continue your regular schedule. Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one. | Storage: Store tightly closed at room temperature, away from excess heat, light, and moisture (not in the bathroom). Keep out of reach of children.'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Losartan', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/losartan.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"MedlinePlus (NLM)\", \"url\": \"https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a695008.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'interactions'}, page_content=\"Drug: Losartan (Angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB)) | Drug interactions: NSAIDs (ibuprofen, naproxen, aspirin, celecoxib, diclofenac, indomethacin, meloxicam, and others): NSAIDs can blunt losartan's blood-pressure-lowering effect and, combined with an ARB (especially with a diuretic), can impair kidney function and raise potassium.\\n- Potassium-sparing diuretics, potassium supplements, or potassium-containing salt substitutes (spironolactone, triamterene, amiloride): Additive potassium retention with an ARB.\\n- Aliskiren (in patients with diabetes or kidney disease): Dual blockade of the renin-angiotensin system.\\n- Other blood-pressure-lowering medicines and diuretics: Additive blood-pressure lowering. | Food interactions: Potassium-containing salt substitutes and high-potassium supplements/foods: Can add to losartan's potassium-raising effect; people with kidney problems, heart failure, or on certain diuretics should be cautious and may need potassium monitoring.\\n- Alcohol: May add to the blood-pressure-lowering effect and increase dizziness; use only in moderation.\"),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Losartan', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/losartan.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"MedlinePlus (NLM)\", \"url\": \"https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a695008.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'monitoring'}, page_content='Drug: Losartan (Angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB)) | Monitoring: Blood pressure regularly\\n- Kidney function (serum creatinine) and serum potassium, especially after starting or dose changes\\n- Signs of dehydration during illness | Counseling: Seek emergency help for swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat, or trouble breathing.\\n- Stand up slowly and stay hydrated to avoid dizziness; report fainting.\\n- Do not use potassium supplements or salt substitutes unless your doctor approves.\\n- Keep taking it even if you feel well; the full effect can take 3 to 6 weeks.\\n- Tell your doctor right away if you become or plan to become pregnant.\\n- Call your doctor during illness with vomiting, diarrhea, or heavy sweating.'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Losartan', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/losartan.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"MedlinePlus (NLM)\", \"url\": \"https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a695008.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'symptom'}, page_content='Drug: Losartan (Angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB)) | Symptom: Swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat, or trouble breathing/swallowing | May indicate angioedema, a serious reaction that can occur with ARBs (less often than with ACE inhibitors).'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Losartan', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/losartan.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"MedlinePlus (NLM)\", \"url\": \"https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a695008.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'symptom'}, page_content='Drug: Losartan (Angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB)) | Symptom: Dizziness or lightheadedness, especially on standing | May reflect low blood pressure from losartan, more likely at the start, with dehydration, or with diuretics.'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Losartan', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/losartan.html\"}, {\"source_name\": \"MedlinePlus (NLM)\", \"url\": \"https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a695008.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'symptom'}, page_content='Drug: Losartan (Angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB)) | Symptom: Unexplained muscle pain, tenderness, or weakness (with dark urine or fever) | Rarely, losartan can cause muscle breakdown (rhabdomyolysis) leading to kidney problems.'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Metoprolol', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/metoprolol.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'uses'}, page_content='Drug: Metoprolol (Cardioselective beta-blocker) | Uses: Treatment of high blood pressure (hypertension)\\n- Treatment of angina (chest pain)\\n- Reduces the risk of death or hospitalization in heart failure\\n- Given by injection during the early phase of a heart attack to lower the risk of death | Indications: Hypertension\\n- Angina pectoris\\n- Heart failure\\n- Acute myocardial infarction\\n- Off-label: atrial fibrillation rate control'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Metoprolol', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/metoprolol.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'side_effects'}, page_content='Drug: Metoprolol (Cardioselective beta-blocker) | Common side effects: Dizziness\\n- Tiredness\\n- Slow heartbeat\\n- Cold hands and feet\\n- Depression or low mood\\n- Confusion or memory problems\\n- Nightmares or trouble sleeping\\n- Diarrhea\\n- Mild itching or rash | Serious: Very slow heartbeat or feeling like you might pass out\\n- Worsening heart failure: shortness of breath, swelling, rapid weight gain\\n- Bronchospasm (wheezing/trouble breathing), especially in asthma/COPD\\n- Serious allergic reaction (swelling of face/throat, hives, trouble breathing)\\n- Masking of low-blood-sugar warning signs in people with diabetes'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Metoprolol', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/metoprolol.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'warnings'}, page_content=\"Drug: Metoprolol (Cardioselective beta-blocker) | Warnings: Do not stop suddenly - abrupt withdrawal can worsen angina or trigger a heart attack; the dose is lowered gradually\\n- Avoid in very slow heart rate, certain heart-block/conduction problems, and severe/decompensated heart failure\\n- Use caution with asthma or COPD (can cause bronchospasm)\\n- In diabetes, it can mask the warning signs of low blood sugar\\n- Can mask signs of overactive thyroid; caution with pheochromocytoma\\n- Take with or just after a meal at the same time each day | Contraindications: Severe bradycardia (very slow heart rate)\\n- Second- or third-degree heart block or sick sinus syndrome (without a pacemaker)\\n- Cardiogenic shock or severe/decompensated heart failure\\n- Known hypersensitivity to metoprolol or other beta-blockers | Disease interactions: Asthma / COPD: Can trigger bronchospasm; use cautiously at the lowest effective dose.\\n- Diabetes: Masks the warning signs of low blood sugar.\\n- Heart failure / conduction problems: Can worsen decompensated heart failure or cause excessive slowing of the heart.\\n- Thyroid disorder: Can mask signs of overactive thyroid; abrupt stopping may cause a flare.\\n- Peripheral circulation problems (e.g., Raynaud's): May worsen cold hands/feet.\"),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Metoprolol', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/metoprolol.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'dosage'}, page_content='Drug: Metoprolol (Cardioselective beta-blocker) | Dose: Hypertension: immediate-release (tartrate) 100 mg/day in single or divided doses (range 100-450 mg/day); extended-release (succinate) 25-100 mg once daily up to 400 mg/day. Heart failure: succinate start 12.5-25 mg once daily, doubled every ~2 weeks as tolerated. | Frequency: Immediate-release (tartrate): twice daily. Extended-release (succinate): once daily. Taken with or just after food. | Administration: Take by mouth with or just after food. Swallow extended-release capsules whole (do not crush/chew); a Toprol-XL tablet may be split only if your doctor says so, then swallowed without chewing. Do not stop suddenly - the dose must be reduced gradually under medical guidance. | Missed dose: Skip the missed dose and take the next dose at the regular time. Do not take two doses at once. | Storage: Store at room temperature away from moisture and heat. Keep out of reach of children.'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Metoprolol', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/metoprolol.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'interactions'}, page_content='Drug: Metoprolol (Cardioselective beta-blocker) | Drug interactions: Other heart/blood-pressure medicines (especially verapamil, diltiazem, digoxin, clonidine): Additive slowing of the heart and lowering of blood pressure; stopping clonidine while on a beta-blocker can cause rebound high blood pressure.\\n- Strong CYP2D6-inhibitor antidepressants (fluoxetine, paroxetine, bupropion): These raise metoprolol blood levels by blocking its metabolism.\\n- MAO inhibitors: Can affect blood pressure when combined with beta-blockers.\\n- Epinephrine and ergot medicines: Beta-blockade can alter the response to epinephrine; ergot drugs add vasoconstriction. | Food interactions: Alcohol: Can increase dizziness and add to blood-pressure lowering; some extended-release forms release faster with alcohol.'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Metoprolol', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/metoprolol.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'monitoring'}, page_content='Drug: Metoprolol (Cardioselective beta-blocker) | Monitoring: Heart rate and blood pressure\\n- Signs of worsening heart failure (weight, swelling, breathlessness)\\n- Blood sugar awareness in diabetes | Counseling: Never stop suddenly; the dose is tapered to avoid chest pain or a heart attack.\\n- Take with or right after food at the same time each day.\\n- Rise slowly to avoid dizziness; report a very slow pulse or fainting.\\n- If you have diabetes, watch carefully for low blood sugar (the usual warning signs may be hidden).\\n- Report new breathlessness, swelling, or rapid weight gain.\\n- Tell surgeons/dentists you take metoprolol.'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Metoprolol', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/metoprolol.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'symptom'}, page_content='Drug: Metoprolol (Cardioselective beta-blocker) | Symptom: Very slow pulse, dizziness, or near-fainting | May indicate the heart rate is too low from the beta-blocker.'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Metoprolol', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/metoprolol.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'symptom'}, page_content='Drug: Metoprolol (Cardioselective beta-blocker) | Symptom: Increasing shortness of breath, swelling of legs, or sudden weight gain | Can signal worsening heart failure (fluid build-up).'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Metoprolol', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/metoprolol.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'symptom'}, page_content='Drug: Metoprolol (Cardioselective beta-blocker) | Symptom: Fatigue, low mood, or vivid dreams | Recognized beta-blocker side effects.'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Simvastatin', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/simvastatin.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'uses'}, page_content=\"Drug: Simvastatin (HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin)) | Uses: Lowers 'bad' LDL cholesterol and triglycerides and raises 'good' HDL cholesterol\\n- Lowers the risk of stroke, heart attack, and other heart complications in people with diabetes, coronary heart disease, or other risk factors | Indications: High cholesterol (hyperlipidemia)\\n- Familial hypercholesterolemia (adults and children 10 years and older)\\n- Cardiovascular risk reduction\"),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Simvastatin', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/simvastatin.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'side_effects'}, page_content='Drug: Simvastatin (HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin)) | Common side effects: Headache\\n- Constipation\\n- Nausea\\n- Stomach pain\\n- Cold-like symptoms (stuffy nose, sneezing, sore throat) | Serious: Myopathy / rhabdomyolysis: unexplained muscle pain, tenderness, or weakness, especially with fever, unusual tiredness, or dark urine (can lead to kidney failure)\\n- Muscle weakness in the hips, shoulders, neck, and back; trouble lifting arms or climbing\\n- Liver problems: nausea, upper-right stomach pain, dark urine, jaundice (yellow skin/eyes)\\n- Kidney problems: little or no urinating, swelling, tiredness, breathlessness\\n- Serious allergic or skin reaction (blistering/peeling rash)'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Simvastatin', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/simvastatin.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'warnings'}, page_content='Drug: Simvastatin (HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin)) | Warnings: Can cause muscle breakdown (rhabdomyolysis) leading to kidney failure; risk is higher at 80 mg and with certain other drugs\\n- Do not use in active liver disease, pregnancy, or while breastfeeding\\n- Avoid grapefruit and grapefruit juice - they can dangerously raise simvastatin levels\\n- Many serious drug interactions - do not combine with certain antibiotics, antifungals, HIV/hepatitis C medicines, or Paxlovid without medical guidance\\n- Drinking more than 2 alcoholic drinks daily increases the risk of liver damage\\n- Best taken in the evening; keep taking it even if you feel well | Contraindications: Active liver disease\\n- Pregnancy and breastfeeding\\n- Known hypersensitivity to simvastatin\\n- Concomitant use with strong CYP3A4 inhibitors, cyclosporine, danazol, or gemfibrozil | Disease interactions: Liver disease: Contraindicated in active liver disease.\\n- Kidney disease: Higher risk of muscle breakdown (rhabdomyolysis).\\n- Hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid): Poorly controlled thyroid increases muscle-toxicity risk.\\n- Diabetes: Statins may modestly raise blood sugar; benefits usually outweigh this.'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Simvastatin', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/simvastatin.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'dosage'}, page_content='Drug: Simvastatin (HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin)) | Dose: Usually 10-20 mg once daily in the evening; range 5-40 mg once daily. The 80 mg dose is restricted to people who have already tolerated it long-term because of higher muscle-toxicity risk. Lower limits apply when taken with certain heart medicines (e.g., max 20 mg with amlodipine; max 10 mg with diltiazem/verapamil). | Frequency: Once daily in the evening (or at bedtime) | Administration: Take by mouth once daily in the evening, exactly as prescribed - never more or longer than directed. Continue even if you feel well; do not stop unless your doctor says so. Avoid grapefruit products and limit alcohol, and keep up the recommended diet and exercise. | Missed dose: Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. Skip it if it is almost time for the next dose. Do not take extra to make up a missed dose. | Storage: Store at room temperature away from moisture, heat, and light. Keep out of reach of children.'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Simvastatin', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/simvastatin.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'interactions'}, page_content=\"Drug: Simvastatin (HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin)) | Drug interactions: Strong CYP3A4 inhibitors (clarithromycin, erythromycin, itraconazole, ketoconazole, posaconazole, voriconazole, HIV protease inhibitors, cobicistat, hepatitis C protease inhibitors, nefazodone) and cyclosporine, danazol, gemfibrozil: Greatly raise simvastatin levels.\\n- Certain heart medicines (amlodipine, diltiazem, verapamil, amiodarone, dronedarone, ranolazine): Raise simvastatin levels; the simvastatin dose must be capped (e.g., 20 mg with amlodipine/ranolazine; 10 mg with diltiazem/verapamil/dronedarone).\\n- Other lipid drugs (fenofibrate, niacin) and lomitapide: Add to muscle-toxicity risk. | Food interactions: Grapefruit / grapefruit juice: Markedly raises simvastatin levels and the risk of liver damage and rhabdomyolysis; avoid it.\\n- Alcohol: More than 2 drinks daily increases the risk of liver damage and raises triglycerides.\\n- High-fat, high-cholesterol foods: Reduce the medicine's effectiveness; follow a cholesterol-lowering diet.\"),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Simvastatin', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/simvastatin.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'monitoring'}, page_content='Drug: Simvastatin (HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin)) | Monitoring: Lipid panel (LDL, HDL, triglycerides) periodically\\n- Liver enzymes at baseline and if symptoms of liver problems occur\\n- Creatine kinase (CK) if unexplained muscle pain or weakness develops\\n- Blood glucose in people at risk of diabetes | Counseling: Take it in the evening; cholesterol is made mostly at night.\\n- Report unexplained muscle pain, tenderness, or weakness - especially with dark urine or fever.\\n- Avoid grapefruit and limit alcohol.\\n- Keep taking it even if you feel well; cholesterol usually has no symptoms.\\n- Stop and call your doctor right away if you become pregnant.\\n- Tell your doctor about all medicines, since many interact with simvastatin.'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Simvastatin', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/simvastatin.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'symptom'}, page_content='Drug: Simvastatin (HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin)) | Symptom: Unexplained muscle pain, tenderness, or weakness (especially with dark urine or fever) | May indicate statin myopathy or rhabdomyolysis - higher risk at the 80 mg dose, in older adults, with kidney/thyroid problems, or with interacting drugs.'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Simvastatin', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/simvastatin.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'symptom'}, page_content='Drug: Simvastatin (HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin)) | Symptom: Yellowing of the skin or eyes, dark urine, or upper-right abdominal pain | May signal liver injury.'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Simvastatin', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/simvastatin.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'symptom'}, page_content='Drug: Simvastatin (HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin)) | Symptom: Headache or cold-like symptoms | Common, usually mild side effects.'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Warfarin', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/warfarin.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'uses'}, page_content='Drug: Warfarin (Anticoagulant (vitamin K antagonist; coumarin)) | Uses: Treats and prevents harmful blood clots in the veins or arteries\\n- Reduces the risk of stroke, heart attack, and other clot-related complications | Indications: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) - treatment and prevention\\n- Stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation\\n- Mechanical heart valves and certain heart conditions\\n- Antiphospholipid syndrome and other clotting disorders'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Warfarin', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/warfarin.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'side_effects'}, page_content=\"Drug: Warfarin (Anticoagulant (vitamin K antagonist; coumarin)) | Common side effects: Easy bruising\\n- Minor bleeding (e.g., bleeding gums, nosebleeds)\\n- Prolonged bleeding from cuts | Serious: Severe or life-threatening bleeding: sudden severe headache, feeling very weak or dizzy, blood in urine, bloody or tarry stools, coughing up blood, vomit like coffee grounds, heavy or abnormal vaginal bleeding\\n- Bleeding from wounds or injections that will not stop\\n- Skin necrosis or 'purple toe syndrome': painful skin changes, discoloration, purple toes/fingers (tissue damage)\\n- Serious allergic reaction (swelling of face/throat, hives, trouble breathing)\"),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Warfarin', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/warfarin.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'warnings'}, page_content=\"Drug: Warfarin (Anticoagulant (vitamin K antagonist; coumarin)) | Warnings: Increases the risk of serious or fatal bleeding - seek emergency help for any bleeding that will not stop\\n- Requires regular blood tests (INR/prothrombin time) and ongoing medical supervision; take it at the same time every day\\n- Many medicines, supplements, and foods change its effect - check before starting or stopping anything\\n- Can cause birth defects; avoid in pregnancy unless your doctor directs, and use effective contraception\\n- You may need to stop it 5-7 days before surgery or dental work - follow your doctor's instructions\\n- Avoid alcohol and wear a medical-alert ID stating you take warfarin | Contraindications: Active bleeding or a bleeding tendency (e.g., bleeding ulcers, low platelets, brain aneurysm/bleed)\\n- Recent or planned surgery of the brain, spine, or eye; spinal tap or epidural\\n- Severe uncontrolled high blood pressure\\n- Pregnancy (except in specific situations directed by a doctor)\\n- Inability to take it reliably on time or attend INR monitoring | Disease interactions: Bleeding disorders or low platelets: Greatly increased bleeding risk; warfarin is generally avoided.\\n- Liver disease: Alters clotting and warfarin metabolism; needs careful monitoring.\\n- Kidney disease: Can affect dosing and bleeding risk.\\n- Uncontrolled high blood pressure: Increases the risk of serious bleeding (e.g., brain hemorrhage).\"),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Warfarin', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/warfarin.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'dosage'}, page_content=\"Drug: Warfarin (Anticoagulant (vitamin K antagonist; coumarin)) | Dose: Individualized to a target INR (commonly 2.0-3.0). Maintenance is typically about 2-10 mg once daily, adjusted based on regular INR results; there is no fixed standard dose. | Frequency: Once daily, at the same time each day | Administration: Take by mouth once daily at the same time. Never take a double dose. Attend all INR blood tests and follow dose changes exactly. Keep your diet's vitamin K consistent, avoid alcohol, prevent injuries (soft toothbrush, careful shaving), and tell every healthcare provider you take warfarin. | Missed dose: Take the missed dose as soon as you remember on the same day. Skip it if it is almost time for the next dose. Do not take extra to make up a missed dose, and tell your doctor about missed doses. | Storage: Store at room temperature away from heat, moisture, and light. Keep out of reach of children.\"),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Warfarin', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/warfarin.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'interactions'}, page_content=\"Drug: Warfarin (Anticoagulant (vitamin K antagonist; coumarin)) | Drug interactions: Other blood thinners, antiplatelets, NSAIDs, and aspirin (ibuprofen, naproxen, celecoxib, clopidogrel, heparin): Add to bleeding risk and can irritate the stomach lining.\\n- Many antibiotics and antifungals (e.g., metronidazole, fluconazole, ciprofloxacin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole): Can raise warfarin's effect and the INR.\\n- Amiodarone and certain other heart/CYP-interacting drugs: Increase warfarin levels/effect.\\n- Vitamin K supplements and enzyme inducers (e.g., rifampin, St. John's wort): Reduce warfarin's effect.\\n- Herbal products (ginkgo, garlic, ginseng, cranberry, coenzyme Q10, echinacea, goldenseal): Can raise or lower the INR or add to bleeding risk. | Food interactions: Vitamin K-rich foods (leafy green vegetables, liver, some vegetable oils): Make warfarin less effective; do not avoid them entirely - keep your weekly intake consistent.\\n- Grapefruit, cranberry, pomegranate, and noni juices: Can increase warfarin's effect and bleeding risk; avoid these juices.\\n- Alcohol: Can change the INR and increase bleeding risk; avoid or strictly limit.\"),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Warfarin', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/warfarin.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'monitoring'}, page_content=\"Drug: Warfarin (Anticoagulant (vitamin K antagonist; coumarin)) | Monitoring: INR / prothrombin time regularly (target usually 2.0-3.0, condition-dependent)\\n- Signs of bleeding or bruising\\n- Review of new medicines, supplements, illnesses, and diet changes that affect INR | Counseling: Take it at the same time daily and never double up; keep every INR appointment.\\n- Seek emergency care for bleeding that won't stop, blood in urine/stool, or coughing up blood.\\n- Do not start or stop any medicine, supplement, or herbal without checking - many change your INR.\\n- Keep vitamin K foods (leafy greens) consistent rather than avoiding them; avoid cranberry/grapefruit juice and alcohol.\\n- Avoid NSAIDs/aspirin for pain unless your doctor approves; use acetaminophen-based options as advised.\\n- Wear a medical-alert ID and tell all providers (including dentists) you take warfarin.\"),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Warfarin', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/warfarin.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'symptom'}, page_content=\"Drug: Warfarin (Anticoagulant (vitamin K antagonist; coumarin)) | Symptom: Any bleeding that will not stop, blood in urine or stool, coughing up blood, or a sudden severe headache | Warfarin's main risk is bleeding, which can be severe or life-threatening.\"),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Warfarin', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/warfarin.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'symptom'}, page_content='Drug: Warfarin (Anticoagulant (vitamin K antagonist; coumarin)) | Symptom: Unusual bruising, bleeding gums, frequent nosebleeds, or heavier-than-usual periods | May indicate the blood is too thin (INR too high).'),\n",
       " Document(metadata={'drug_name': 'Warfarin', 'sources': '[{\"source_name\": \"Drugs.com\", \"url\": \"https://www.drugs.com/warfarin.html\"}]', 'chunk_type': 'symptom'}, page_content=\"Drug: Warfarin (Anticoagulant (vitamin K antagonist; coumarin)) | Symptom: Painful, purple, or discolored toes/fingers or skin changes | Rare warfarin-related skin necrosis or 'purple toe syndrome'.\")]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 35,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "chunks"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 37,
   "id": "0eaadfe2",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "from langchain_huggingface.embeddings import HuggingFaceEmbeddings\n",
    "from langchain_chroma import Chroma\n",
    "\n",
    "embeddings = HuggingFaceEmbeddings(model=\"sentence-transformers/all-MiniLM-L6-v2\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 38,
   "id": "ac6194d5",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "vdb = Chroma.from_documents(\n",
    "  documents=chunks,\n",
    "  embedding=embeddings,\n",
    "  persist_directory=\"./chroma_db\"\n",
    "  )"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "b2c359ea",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  }
 ],
 "metadata": {
  "kernelspec": {
   "display_name": "base",
   "language": "python",
   "name": "python3"
  },
  "language_info": {
   "codemirror_mode": {
    "name": "ipython",
    "version": 3
   },
   "file_extension": ".py",
   "mimetype": "text/x-python",
   "name": "python",
   "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
   "pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
   "version": "3.12.7"
  }
 },
 "nbformat": 4,
 "nbformat_minor": 5
}