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"""
Connectivity Validator - Checks if 2-qubit gates are adjacent on specific hardware topologies.
Crucial for real hardware execution.
"""
from typing import Any
import json
import os
# Default hardware topologies (coupling maps)
DEFAULT_TOPOLOGIES: dict[str, dict[str, Any]] = {
"ibm_brisbane": {
"name": "IBM Brisbane",
"num_qubits": 127,
"native_gates": ["cx", "id", "rz", "sx", "x"],
"coupling_map": [
[0, 1], [1, 0], [1, 2], [2, 1], [2, 3], [3, 2],
[3, 4], [4, 3], [4, 5], [5, 4], [5, 6], [6, 5],
[6, 7], [7, 6], [7, 8], [8, 7], [8, 9], [9, 8],
# Heavy-hex lattice structure (simplified for first 20 qubits)
[0, 14], [14, 0], [4, 15], [15, 4], [8, 16], [16, 8],
[12, 17], [17, 12], [1, 18], [18, 1], [5, 19], [19, 5],
],
"description": "127-qubit Eagle processor",
},
"ibm_sherbrooke": {
"name": "IBM Sherbrooke",
"num_qubits": 127,
"native_gates": ["cx", "id", "rz", "sx", "x"],
"coupling_map": [
[0, 1], [1, 0], [1, 2], [2, 1], [2, 3], [3, 2],
[3, 4], [4, 3], [4, 5], [5, 4], [5, 6], [6, 5],
],
"description": "127-qubit Eagle processor",
},
"rigetti_aspen": {
"name": "Rigetti Aspen-M",
"num_qubits": 80,
"native_gates": ["cz", "rx", "rz"],
"coupling_map": [
# Octagonal lattice (simplified)
[0, 1], [1, 0], [1, 2], [2, 1], [2, 3], [3, 2],
[3, 4], [4, 3], [4, 5], [5, 4], [5, 6], [6, 5],
[6, 7], [7, 6], [7, 0], [0, 7], # Ring
[0, 8], [8, 0], [2, 9], [9, 2], [4, 10], [10, 4], [6, 11], [11, 6],
],
"description": "80-qubit Aspen processor",
},
"google_sycamore": {
"name": "Google Sycamore",
"num_qubits": 53,
"native_gates": ["fsim", "phxz", "syc"],
"coupling_map": [
# 2D grid with nearest-neighbor coupling
[0, 1], [1, 0], [1, 2], [2, 1], [2, 3], [3, 2],
[3, 4], [4, 3], [4, 5], [5, 4], [5, 6], [6, 5],
[0, 7], [7, 0], [1, 8], [8, 1], [2, 9], [9, 2],
[3, 10], [10, 3], [4, 11], [11, 4], [5, 12], [12, 5],
],
"description": "53-qubit Sycamore processor",
},
"ionq_harmony": {
"name": "IonQ Harmony",
"num_qubits": 11,
"native_gates": ["gpi", "gpi2", "ms"],
"coupling_map": "all_to_all", # Ion traps have full connectivity
"description": "11-qubit ion trap processor (full connectivity)",
},
"quantinuum_h1": {
"name": "Quantinuum H1",
"num_qubits": 20,
"native_gates": ["rz", "ry", "zz"],
"coupling_map": "all_to_all",
"description": "20-qubit ion trap processor (full connectivity)",
},
"linear_5": {
"name": "Linear 5-qubit",
"num_qubits": 5,
"native_gates": ["cx", "id", "rz", "sx", "x"],
"coupling_map": [
[0, 1], [1, 0], [1, 2], [2, 1], [2, 3], [3, 2], [3, 4], [4, 3]
],
"description": "5-qubit linear chain topology",
},
}
def validate_connectivity(
circuit_data: dict[str, Any],
hardware_name: str | None = None,
custom_coupling_map: list[list[int]] | None = None
) -> dict[str, Any]:
"""
Validate that all 2-qubit gates respect hardware connectivity.
Args:
circuit_data: Circuit dictionary
hardware_name: Name of hardware profile to use
custom_coupling_map: Custom coupling map as list of [control, target] pairs
Returns:
Validation result with specific error locations
"""
errors: list[dict[str, Any]] = []
warnings: list[str] = []
# Get coupling map
if custom_coupling_map:
coupling_map = set(tuple(pair) for pair in custom_coupling_map)
hardware_info = {"name": "Custom", "num_qubits": max(max(p) for p in custom_coupling_map) + 1}
elif hardware_name:
if hardware_name.lower() not in {k.lower() for k in DEFAULT_TOPOLOGIES}:
available = list(DEFAULT_TOPOLOGIES.keys())
return {
"valid": False,
"errors": [{"message": f"Unknown hardware: {hardware_name}", "available": available}],
"warnings": [],
}
# Case-insensitive lookup
hardware_key = next(k for k in DEFAULT_TOPOLOGIES if k.lower() == hardware_name.lower())
hardware_info = DEFAULT_TOPOLOGIES[hardware_key]
if hardware_info.get("coupling_map") == "all_to_all":
# Full connectivity - all pairs valid
coupling_map = None
else:
coupling_map = set(tuple(pair) for pair in hardware_info["coupling_map"])
else:
# No hardware specified - check for obvious issues only
coupling_map = None
hardware_info = {"name": "No specific hardware", "num_qubits": 1000}
gates = circuit_data.get("gates", [])
num_qubits = circuit_data.get("num_qubits", 0)
# Check qubit count against hardware
if num_qubits > hardware_info.get("num_qubits", 1000):
errors.append({
"gate_idx": -1,
"message": f"Circuit uses {num_qubits} qubits but {hardware_info['name']} has only {hardware_info['num_qubits']}",
"suggestion": "Reduce circuit size or use different hardware"
})
# Check each 2-qubit gate
swap_suggestions: list[dict[str, Any]] = []
for idx, gate in enumerate(gates):
name = gate.get("name", "").lower()
qubits = gate.get("qubits", [])
if len(qubits) == 2:
q0, q1 = qubits
if coupling_map is not None:
# Check if this edge exists
if (q0, q1) not in coupling_map and (q1, q0) not in coupling_map:
errors.append({
"gate_idx": idx,
"gate": name,
"qubits": [q0, q1],
"message": f"Qubits {q0} and {q1} are not connected on {hardware_info['name']}",
"suggestion": f"Insert SWAP gates to route this connection"
})
# Try to find a path
path = _find_qubit_path(q0, q1, coupling_map, num_qubits)
if path:
swap_suggestions.append({
"original_gate_idx": idx,
"path": path,
"swaps_needed": len(path) - 2
})
elif len(qubits) == 3:
# Three-qubit gates need all pairs connected or decomposition
q0, q1, q2 = qubits
if coupling_map is not None:
missing_pairs = []
for pair in [(q0, q1), (q1, q2), (q0, q2)]:
if pair not in coupling_map and (pair[1], pair[0]) not in coupling_map:
missing_pairs.append(pair)
if missing_pairs:
warnings.append(
f"Gate {idx} ({name}): 3-qubit gate may need decomposition. "
f"Missing connections: {missing_pairs}"
)
is_valid = len(errors) == 0
result: dict[str, Any] = {
"valid": is_valid,
"hardware": hardware_info.get("name", "Unknown"),
"hardware_qubits": hardware_info.get("num_qubits", 0),
"circuit_qubits": num_qubits,
"errors": errors,
"warnings": warnings,
"connectivity_type": "all_to_all" if coupling_map is None else "restricted",
}
if swap_suggestions:
result["swap_suggestions"] = swap_suggestions
if is_valid:
result["summary"] = f"Circuit is compatible with {hardware_info['name']}"
else:
result["summary"] = f"Found {len(errors)} connectivity violation(s)"
return result
def _find_qubit_path(
start: int,
end: int,
coupling_map: set[tuple[int, int]],
max_qubits: int
) -> list[int] | None:
"""Find shortest path between two qubits using BFS."""
if not coupling_map:
return None
# Build adjacency list
adj: dict[int, list[int]] = {}
for q0, q1 in coupling_map:
if q0 not in adj:
adj[q0] = []
adj[q0].append(q1)
# BFS
visited = {start}
queue = [(start, [start])]
while queue:
current, path = queue.pop(0)
if current == end:
return path
for neighbor in adj.get(current, []):
if neighbor not in visited:
visited.add(neighbor)
queue.append((neighbor, path + [neighbor]))
return None
def get_available_hardware() -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
"""Get list of available hardware profiles."""
return [
{
"id": key,
"name": info["name"],
"num_qubits": info["num_qubits"],
"native_gates": info["native_gates"],
"connectivity": "all_to_all" if info.get("coupling_map") == "all_to_all" else "restricted",
"description": info.get("description", ""),
}
for key, info in DEFAULT_TOPOLOGIES.items()
]
def check_native_gates(
circuit_data: dict[str, Any],
hardware_name: str
) -> dict[str, Any]:
"""
Check if circuit uses only native gates for the specified hardware.
Args:
circuit_data: Circuit dictionary
hardware_name: Hardware profile name
Returns:
Validation result with non-native gates listed
"""
hardware_key = next(
(k for k in DEFAULT_TOPOLOGIES if k.lower() == hardware_name.lower()),
None
)
if not hardware_key:
return {
"valid": False,
"error": f"Unknown hardware: {hardware_name}",
"available": list(DEFAULT_TOPOLOGIES.keys()),
}
hardware_info = DEFAULT_TOPOLOGIES[hardware_key]
native_gates = set(g.lower() for g in hardware_info["native_gates"])
# Common gate translations
gate_aliases = {
"cnot": "cx",
"toffoli": "ccx",
"fredkin": "cswap",
}
non_native: list[dict[str, Any]] = []
gates = circuit_data.get("gates", [])
for idx, gate in enumerate(gates):
name = gate.get("name", "").lower()
canonical_name = gate_aliases.get(name, name)
if name in ("barrier", "measure", "reset"):
continue
if canonical_name not in native_gates:
non_native.append({
"gate_idx": idx,
"gate": name,
"qubits": gate.get("qubits", []),
})
return {
"valid": len(non_native) == 0,
"hardware": hardware_info["name"],
"native_gates": list(native_gates),
"non_native_gates": non_native,
"summary": f"Found {len(non_native)} non-native gate(s)" if non_native else "All gates are native",
"suggestion": "Use transpilation to decompose non-native gates" if non_native else None,
}
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