‡‡‡ Chapter 4 was amended by 
Local Law 
77 
of 2023
. This law has an effective
 date of June 10, 2023.
CHAPTER 4 
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS 
SECTION 
PC 
401
GENERAL
401.1 Scope. 
This chapter shall govern the materials, design and installation of plumbing fixtures, faucets and fixture 
fittings in accordance with the type of occupancy, and shall provide for the minimum number of fixtures for various 
types of occupancies.
401.2 Prohibited fixtures and connections.
Water closets having a concealed trap seal or an unventilated space or 
having walls that are not thoroughly washed 
at each discharge in accordance with 
ASME 
A112.19.2/CSA B45.1 shall 
be prohibited. Any water closet that permits siphonage of the contents of the bowl back into the tank shall be prohib-
ited. Trough urinals shall be prohibited.
401.3 Water conservation.
The
maximum water flow rates and flush volume for plumbing fixtures and fixture fittings 
shall comply with Section 604.
SECTION 
PC
402
FIXTURE MATERIAL
402.1 Quality of fixtures.
Plumbing fixtures shall be constructed of approved materials, with smooth, imper
vious 
surfaces, free from defects and concealed fouling surfaces, and shall conform to standards cited in this code. All 
porcelain enameled surfaces on plumbing fixtures shall be acid resistant.
402.2 Materials for specialty fixtures.
Materials for special
ty fixtures not otherwise covered in this code shall be of 
stainless steel, soapstone, chemical stoneware or plastic, or shall be lined with lead, copper
-
base alloy, nickel
-
copper 
alloy, corrosion
-
resistant steel or other material especially suited to the application for which the fixture is intended.
402.3 Sheet copper.
Sheet copper for general applications shall conform to ASTM B 152 and shall not weigh less 
than 12 ounces per square foot (3.7 kg/m
2
).
402.4 Sheet lead.
Sheet lead for pans shall not weigh less than 4 pounds per square foot (19.5 kg/m
2
) and shall be 
coated with an asphalt paint or other approved coating.
SECTION 
PC 
403
MINIMUM PLUMBING FACILITIES
403.1 Minimum number of fixtures.
Plumbing fixtures shall be provided for the type of occupancy and in the min-
imum number shown in Table 403.1. Types of occupancies not shown in Table 403.1 shall be considered individually 
by the 
commissioner.
The number of occupants shall be determined by the 
New York City 
Building Code
. 
Occupancy 
classification sha
ll be determined in accordance with the 
New York City Building Code
.   
TABLE 403.1
MINIMUM NUMBER OF REQUIRED PLUMBING FIXTURES
a 
(See Sections 403.1.1 and 403.2)
NO.
CLASSIFICATION
OCCUPANCY
h
DESCRIPTION
WATER CLOSETS
(URINALS: SEE SECTION 419.2)
LAVATORIES 
BATHTUBS
/ 
SHOWERS
DRINKING 
FOUNTAIN 
(SEE 
SECTION 
410
e
)
OTHER
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
MALE
FEMALE
MALE
FEMALE
1
Assembly
A
-
1
d
Theaters and other 
buildings
for the per-
forming arts and mo-
tion pictures
1 per 70 for 
the first 210 
and 1 per 
125 
for the 
remainder 
exceeding 
210
1 per 35 for 
the first 210 
and 1 per 65 
for the re-
mainder 
ex-
ceeding 210
1 per 200
—
1 per 500
1 service 
sink
A
-
2
d
Nightclubs, bars
f
, 
taverns, dance halls 
and buildings
for 
similar purposes
1 per 75
i
1 per 40
i
1 per 75
—
1 per 
500
1 service 
sink
Restaurants
g
, ban-
quet halls
and food courts
1 per 75
1 per 75
1 per 200
—
1 per 500
1 service 
sink
A
-
3
d
Auditoriums without 
permanent seating, 
art galleries, exhibi-
tion halls, museums, 
lecture halls, arcades 
and 
gymnasiums
1 per 70 for 
the first 210 
and 1 per 
125 
for the 
remainder 
exceeding 
210
1 per 35 for 
the first 210 
and 1 per 65 
for the re-
mainder 
ex-
ceeding 210
1 per 200
—
1 per 500
1 service 
sink
Passenger terminals 
and transportation 
facilities
1 per 
500
1 per 500
1 per 750
—
1 per 1,000
1 service 
sink
Places of worship 
and other religious 
services
1 per 150
1 per 75
1 per 200
—
1 per 1,000
1 service 
sink
A
-
4
Coliseums, arenas, 
skating 
rinks, pools 
and 
tennis 
courts for 
indoor sporting 
events and activities
1 per 75 for 
the first 
1,500 and 1 
per 120 for 
the remainder 
exceeding 
1,500
1 per 40
for 
the first 
1,520 
and
1 per 60 
for the re-
mainder ex-
ceeding 
1,520
1 per
200
1 per
150
—
1 per 1,000
1 service 
sink
A
-
5
Stadiums, 
amuse-
ment parks, bleach-
ers and grandstands 
for outdoor sporting 
events and activities
1 per 75 for 
the
first 
1
,500 and      
1 per 120 for 
the remainder 
exceeding 
1,500
1 per 40 for 
the first 1,520 
and 1 per 60 
for the re-
mainder ex-
ceeding 1,520
1 per 
200
1 
per 
150
—
1 per 1,000
1 service 
sink
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
2
Business
B
j, n
Buildings for the 
transaction
of busi-
ness, professional 
services, other       
services 
including 
merchandise
, office 
buildings
, banks, 
light industrial and 
similar uses
No. of persons for        No. of
each sex          
fixtures
1
–
20                  
1
21
–
45                  
2
46
–
70                  
3
71
–
100                  
4
101
–
140                  5
141
–
190                  6
1 fixture for each additional 
50 persons
No
. of   No. of
persons fix-
tures
for      each        
f                                                    
sex            
f
1
–
25               
1
26
–
50             
2
51
–
75             
3
76
–
115           
4
116
–
160         
5
1 fixture for 
each 
additional 
60 persons
—
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
m
3
Educational
E
Educational facili-
ties, including librar-
ies accessory to 
Group E
1 per 50
1 per 50
—
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
4
Factory and
industrial
F
-
1 and F
-
2
Structures in which 
occupants are 
en-
gaged in work fabri-
cating, assembly or 
processing of prod-
ucts or materials
1 per 100
1 per 100
(see     
Section
411)
1 per 400
1 service 
sink
5
Institutional
I
-
1
k
Residential care
1 per 10
1 per 10
1 per 8
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
I
-
2
Hospitals, 
ambulatory nursing 
home care recipient
1 per room
c
1 per room
c
1 per 15
1 per 100
1 service 
sink per 
floor
Employees, other 
than residential care
b
1 per 25
1 per 35
—
1 per 100
—
Visitors, other than 
residential
care
1 per 75
1 per 
100
—
1 per 500
—
I
-
3
Prisons
b
1 per cell
1 per cell
1 per 15
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
Reformatories, 
de-
tention
centers, and 
correctional 
centers
b
1 per 15
1 per 15
1 per 15
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
Employees
b
1 per 25
1 per 35
—
1 per 100
—
I
-
4
Adult day care and 
child day care
1 per 15
1 per 15
1 per 15
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
‡‡‡ Chapter 4 was amended by 
Local Law 
77 
of 2023
. This law has an effective
 date of June 10, 2023.
CHAPTER 4 
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS 
SECTION 
PC 
401
GENERAL
401.1 Scope. 
This chapter shall govern the materials, design and installation of plumbing fixtures, faucets and fixture 
fittings in accordance with the type of occupancy, and shall provide for the minimum number of fixtures for various 
types of occupancies.
401.2 Prohibited fixtures and connections.
Water closets having a concealed trap seal or an unventilated space or 
having walls that are not thoroughly washed 
at each discharge in accordance with 
ASME 
A112.19.2/CSA B45.1 shall 
be prohibited. Any water closet that permits siphonage of the contents of the bowl back into the tank shall be prohib-
ited. Trough urinals shall be prohibited.
401.3 Water conservation.
The
maximum water flow rates and flush volume for plumbing fixtures and fixture fittings 
shall comply with Section 604.
SECTION 
PC
402
FIXTURE MATERIAL
402.1 Quality of fixtures.
Plumbing fixtures shall be constructed of approved materials, with smooth, imper
vious 
surfaces, free from defects and concealed fouling surfaces, and shall conform to standards cited in this code. All 
porcelain enameled surfaces on plumbing fixtures shall be acid resistant.
402.2 Materials for specialty fixtures.
Materials for special
ty fixtures not otherwise covered in this code shall be of 
stainless steel, soapstone, chemical stoneware or plastic, or shall be lined with lead, copper
-
base alloy, nickel
-
copper 
alloy, corrosion
-
resistant steel or other material especially suited to the application for which the fixture is intended.
402.3 Sheet copper.
Sheet copper for general applications shall conform to ASTM B 152 and shall not weigh less 
than 12 ounces per square foot (3.7 kg/m
2
).
402.4 Sheet lead.
Sheet lead for pans shall not weigh less than 4 pounds per square foot (19.5 kg/m
2
) and shall be 
coated with an asphalt paint or other approved coating.
SECTION 
PC 
403
MINIMUM PLUMBING FACILITIES
403.1 Minimum number of fixtures.
Plumbing fixtures shall be provided for the type of occupancy and in the min-
imum number shown in Table 403.1. Types of occupancies not shown in Table 403.1 shall be considered individually 
by the 
commissioner.
The number of occupants shall be determined by the 
New York City 
Building Code
. 
Occupancy 
classification sha
ll be determined in accordance with the 
New York City Building Code
.   
TABLE 403.1
MINIMUM NUMBER OF REQUIRED PLUMBING FIXTURES
a 
(See Sections 403.1.1 and 403.2)
NO.
CLASSIFICATION
OCCUPANCY
h
DESCRIPTION
WATER CLOSETS
(URINALS: SEE SECTION 419.2)
LAVATORIES 
BATHTUBS
/ 
SHOWERS
DRINKING 
FOUNTAIN 
(SEE 
SECTION 
410
e
)
OTHER
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
MALE
FEMALE
MALE
FEMALE
1
Assembly
A
-
1
d
Theaters and other 
buildings
for the per-
forming arts and mo-
tion pictures
1 per 70 for 
the first 210 
and 1 per 
125 
for the 
remainder 
exceeding 
210
1 per 35 for 
the first 210 
and 1 per 65 
for the re-
mainder 
ex-
ceeding 210
1 per 200
—
1 per 500
1 service 
sink
A
-
2
d
Nightclubs, bars
f
, 
taverns, dance halls 
and buildings
for 
similar purposes
1 per 75
i
1 per 40
i
1 per 75
—
1 per 
500
1 service 
sink
Restaurants
g
, ban-
quet halls
and food courts
1 per 75
1 per 75
1 per 200
—
1 per 500
1 service 
sink
A
-
3
d
Auditoriums without 
permanent seating, 
art galleries, exhibi-
tion halls, museums, 
lecture halls, arcades 
and 
gymnasiums
1 per 70 for 
the first 210 
and 1 per 
125 
for the 
remainder 
exceeding 
210
1 per 35 for 
the first 210 
and 1 per 65 
for the re-
mainder 
ex-
ceeding 210
1 per 200
—
1 per 500
1 service 
sink
Passenger terminals 
and transportation 
facilities
1 per 
500
1 per 500
1 per 750
—
1 per 1,000
1 service 
sink
Places of worship 
and other religious 
services
1 per 150
1 per 75
1 per 200
—
1 per 1,000
1 service 
sink
A
-
4
Coliseums, arenas, 
skating 
rinks, pools 
and 
tennis 
courts for 
indoor sporting 
events and activities
1 per 75 for 
the first 
1,500 and 1 
per 120 for 
the remainder 
exceeding 
1,500
1 per 40
for 
the first 
1,520 
and
1 per 60 
for the re-
mainder ex-
ceeding 
1,520
1 per
200
1 per
150
—
1 per 1,000
1 service 
sink
A
-
5
Stadiums, 
amuse-
ment parks, bleach-
ers and grandstands 
for outdoor sporting 
events and activities
1 per 75 for 
the
first 
1
,500 and      
1 per 120 for 
the remainder 
exceeding 
1,500
1 per 40 for 
the first 1,520 
and 1 per 60 
for the re-
mainder ex-
ceeding 1,520
1 per 
200
1 
per 
150
—
1 per 1,000
1 service 
sink
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
2
Business
B
j, n
Buildings for the 
transaction
of busi-
ness, professional 
services, other       
services 
including 
merchandise
, office 
buildings
, banks, 
light industrial and 
similar uses
No. of persons for        No. of
each sex          
fixtures
1
–
20                  
1
21
–
45                  
2
46
–
70                  
3
71
–
100                  
4
101
–
140                  5
141
–
190                  6
1 fixture for each additional 
50 persons
No
. of   No. of
persons fix-
tures
for      each        
f                                                    
sex            
f
1
–
25               
1
26
–
50             
2
51
–
75             
3
76
–
115           
4
116
–
160         
5
1 fixture for 
each 
additional 
60 persons
—
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
m
3
Educational
E
Educational facili-
ties, including librar-
ies accessory to 
Group E
1 per 50
1 per 50
—
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
4
Factory and
industrial
F
-
1 and F
-
2
Structures in which 
occupants are 
en-
gaged in work fabri-
cating, assembly or 
processing of prod-
ucts or materials
1 per 100
1 per 100
(see     
Section
411)
1 per 400
1 service 
sink
5
Institutional
I
-
1
k
Residential care
1 per 10
1 per 10
1 per 8
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
I
-
2
Hospitals, 
ambulatory nursing 
home care recipient
1 per room
c
1 per room
c
1 per 15
1 per 100
1 service 
sink per 
floor
Employees, other 
than residential care
b
1 per 25
1 per 35
—
1 per 100
—
Visitors, other than 
residential
care
1 per 75
1 per 
100
—
1 per 500
—
I
-
3
Prisons
b
1 per cell
1 per cell
1 per 15
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
Reformatories, 
de-
tention
centers, and 
correctional 
centers
b
1 per 15
1 per 15
1 per 15
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
Employees
b
1 per 25
1 per 35
—
1 per 100
—
I
-
4
Adult day care and 
child day care
1 per 15
1 per 15
1 per 15
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
‡‡‡ Chapter 4 was amended by 
Local Law 
77 
of 2023
. This law has an effective
 date of June 10, 2023.
CHAPTER 4 
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS 
SECTION 
PC 
401
GENERAL
401.1 Scope. 
This chapter shall govern the materials, design and installation of plumbing fixtures, faucets and fixture 
fittings in accordance with the type of occupancy, and shall provide for the minimum number of fixtures for various 
types of occupancies.
401.2 Prohibited fixtures and connections.
Water closets having a concealed trap seal or an unventilated space or 
having walls that are not thoroughly washed 
at each discharge in accordance with 
ASME 
A112.19.2/CSA B45.1 shall 
be prohibited. Any water closet that permits siphonage of the contents of the bowl back into the tank shall be prohib-
ited. Trough urinals shall be prohibited.
401.3 Water conservation.
The
maximum water flow rates and flush volume for plumbing fixtures and fixture fittings 
shall comply with Section 604.
SECTION 
PC
402
FIXTURE MATERIAL
402.1 Quality of fixtures.
Plumbing fixtures shall be constructed of approved materials, with smooth, imper
vious 
surfaces, free from defects and concealed fouling surfaces, and shall conform to standards cited in this code. All 
porcelain enameled surfaces on plumbing fixtures shall be acid resistant.
402.2 Materials for specialty fixtures.
Materials for special
ty fixtures not otherwise covered in this code shall be of 
stainless steel, soapstone, chemical stoneware or plastic, or shall be lined with lead, copper
-
base alloy, nickel
-
copper 
alloy, corrosion
-
resistant steel or other material especially suited to the application for which the fixture is intended.
402.3 Sheet copper.
Sheet copper for general applications shall conform to ASTM B 152 and shall not weigh less 
than 12 ounces per square foot (3.7 kg/m
2
).
402.4 Sheet lead.
Sheet lead for pans shall not weigh less than 4 pounds per square foot (19.5 kg/m
2
) and shall be 
coated with an asphalt paint or other approved coating.
SECTION 
PC 
403
MINIMUM PLUMBING FACILITIES
403.1 Minimum number of fixtures.
Plumbing fixtures shall be provided for the type of occupancy and in the min-
imum number shown in Table 403.1. Types of occupancies not shown in Table 403.1 shall be considered individually 
by the 
commissioner.
The number of occupants shall be determined by the 
New York City 
Building Code
. 
Occupancy 
classification sha
ll be determined in accordance with the 
New York City Building Code
.   
TABLE 403.1
MINIMUM NUMBER OF REQUIRED PLUMBING FIXTURES
a 
(See Sections 403.1.1 and 403.2)
NO.
CLASSIFICATION
OCCUPANCY
h
DESCRIPTION
WATER CLOSETS
(URINALS: SEE SECTION 419.2)
LAVATORIES 
BATHTUBS
/ 
SHOWERS
DRINKING 
FOUNTAIN 
(SEE 
SECTION 
410
e
)
OTHER
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
MALE
FEMALE
MALE
FEMALE
1
Assembly
A
-
1
d
Theaters and other 
buildings
for the per-
forming arts and mo-
tion pictures
1 per 70 for 
the first 210 
and 1 per 
125 
for the 
remainder 
exceeding 
210
1 per 35 for 
the first 210 
and 1 per 65 
for the re-
mainder 
ex-
ceeding 210
1 per 200
—
1 per 500
1 service 
sink
A
-
2
d
Nightclubs, bars
f
, 
taverns, dance halls 
and buildings
for 
similar purposes
1 per 75
i
1 per 40
i
1 per 75
—
1 per 
500
1 service 
sink
Restaurants
g
, ban-
quet halls
and food courts
1 per 75
1 per 75
1 per 200
—
1 per 500
1 service 
sink
A
-
3
d
Auditoriums without 
permanent seating, 
art galleries, exhibi-
tion halls, museums, 
lecture halls, arcades 
and 
gymnasiums
1 per 70 for 
the first 210 
and 1 per 
125 
for the 
remainder 
exceeding 
210
1 per 35 for 
the first 210 
and 1 per 65 
for the re-
mainder 
ex-
ceeding 210
1 per 200
—
1 per 500
1 service 
sink
Passenger terminals 
and transportation 
facilities
1 per 
500
1 per 500
1 per 750
—
1 per 1,000
1 service 
sink
Places of worship 
and other religious 
services
1 per 150
1 per 75
1 per 200
—
1 per 1,000
1 service 
sink
A
-
4
Coliseums, arenas, 
skating 
rinks, pools 
and 
tennis 
courts for 
indoor sporting 
events and activities
1 per 75 for 
the first 
1,500 and 1 
per 120 for 
the remainder 
exceeding 
1,500
1 per 40
for 
the first 
1,520 
and
1 per 60 
for the re-
mainder ex-
ceeding 
1,520
1 per
200
1 per
150
—
1 per 1,000
1 service 
sink
A
-
5
Stadiums, 
amuse-
ment parks, bleach-
ers and grandstands 
for outdoor sporting 
events and activities
1 per 75 for 
the
first 
1
,500 and      
1 per 120 for 
the remainder 
exceeding 
1,500
1 per 40 for 
the first 1,520 
and 1 per 60 
for the re-
mainder ex-
ceeding 1,520
1 per 
200
1 
per 
150
—
1 per 1,000
1 service 
sink
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
2
Business
B
j, n
Buildings for the 
transaction
of busi-
ness, professional 
services, other       
services 
including 
merchandise
, office 
buildings
, banks, 
light industrial and 
similar uses
No. of persons for        No. of
each sex          
fixtures
1
–
20                  
1
21
–
45                  
2
46
–
70                  
3
71
–
100                  
4
101
–
140                  5
141
–
190                  6
1 fixture for each additional 
50 persons
No
. of   No. of
persons fix-
tures
for      each        
f                                                    
sex            
f
1
–
25               
1
26
–
50             
2
51
–
75             
3
76
–
115           
4
116
–
160         
5
1 fixture for 
each 
additional 
60 persons
—
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
m
3
Educational
E
Educational facili-
ties, including librar-
ies accessory to 
Group E
1 per 50
1 per 50
—
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
4
Factory and
industrial
F
-
1 and F
-
2
Structures in which 
occupants are 
en-
gaged in work fabri-
cating, assembly or 
processing of prod-
ucts or materials
1 per 100
1 per 100
(see     
Section
411)
1 per 400
1 service 
sink
5
Institutional
I
-
1
k
Residential care
1 per 10
1 per 10
1 per 8
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
I
-
2
Hospitals, 
ambulatory nursing 
home care recipient
1 per room
c
1 per room
c
1 per 15
1 per 100
1 service 
sink per 
floor
Employees, other 
than residential care
b
1 per 25
1 per 35
—
1 per 100
—
Visitors, other than 
residential
care
1 per 75
1 per 
100
—
1 per 500
—
I
-
3
Prisons
b
1 per cell
1 per cell
1 per 15
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
Reformatories, 
de-
tention
centers, and 
correctional 
centers
b
1 per 15
1 per 15
1 per 15
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
Employees
b
1 per 25
1 per 35
—
1 per 100
—
I
-
4
Adult day care and 
child day care
1 per 15
1 per 15
1 per 15
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
6
Mercantile
M
Retail stores, service 
stations, shops, 
salesrooms, markets 
and 
shopping
centers
1 per 500
1 per 750
—
1 per 1,000
1 service 
sink
m
7
Residential
R
-
1
k
Hotels, motels, 
boarding houses 
(transient)
1 per g
uestroom
1 per g
ues-
troom
1 per 
g
uestroom
—
1 service 
sink
R
-
1
k
Dormitories, 
frater-
nities
, sororities
and boarding 
houses (not 
transi-
ent
)
1 per 10
1 per 10
1 per 8
1 per 100
1 
service 
sink
R
-
2
k
Apartment house
1 per dwelling unit
1 per dwelling 
unit
1 per
dwelling
unit
—
1 kitchen 
sink per 
dwelling 
unit; 1 
automatic
clothes 
washer 
connection
per 20 
dwelling 
units
R
-
3
One
-
and two
-
family
dwellings and lodg-
ing houses with five 
or fewer 
guestrooms
1 per dwelling unit
1 per dwelling 
unit
1 per 
dwelling
unit
—
1 kitchen 
sink per 
dwelling 
unit; 1 
automatic
clothes 
washer 
connection
per 
dwelling 
unit
R
-
3
k
Congregate living 
fa-
cilities with 16 or 
fewer persons
1 per 10
1 per 10
1 per 8
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
8
Storage
S
-
1
S
-
2
Structures for the 
storage of goods, 
warehouses, 
store-
house
and freight de-
pots. Low and Mod-
erate Hazard.
1 per 100
1 per 100
See
Section 
411
1 per 
1,000
1 service 
sink
a. 
The fixtures shown are based on one fixture being the minimum required for the number of persons indicated
. Any
fraction of the number of 
persons 
requires an additional fixture.
The number of occupants shall be determined by the 
New York City
Building Code
.
b.
Toilet facilities for employees shall be separate from facilities for inmates or 
care recipients
.
c.
A single
-
occupant toilet room with one water closet and one lavatory se
rving not more than two adjacent patient sleeping units shall be 
permitted 
where such room is pro
vided with direct access from 
each patient sleeping unit and 
with provisions
for privacy.
d.
The occupant load for seasonal outdoor seating and entertainment a
reas shall be included when determining the minimum number of facilities 
required.
e.
The minimum number of required drinking foundations shall comply with Table 403.1 and Chapter 11 of the 
New York City Building Code.
f.
For the purposes of this table onl
y, “Bar” shall mean a business establishment or a portion of a nonprofit entity devoted primarily to the selling 
and serving of alcoholic beverages for consumption by the public, guests, patrons, or members on the premises and in which th
e serving of 
food 
is only incidental.
‡‡‡ Chapter 4 was amended by 
Local Law 
77 
of 2023
. This law has an effective
 date of June 10, 2023.
CHAPTER 4 
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS 
SECTION 
PC 
401
GENERAL
401.1 Scope. 
This chapter shall govern the materials, design and installation of plumbing fixtures, faucets and fixture 
fittings in accordance with the type of occupancy, and shall provide for the minimum number of fixtures for various 
types of occupancies.
401.2 Prohibited fixtures and connections.
Water closets having a concealed trap seal or an unventilated space or 
having walls that are not thoroughly washed 
at each discharge in accordance with 
ASME 
A112.19.2/CSA B45.1 shall 
be prohibited. Any water closet that permits siphonage of the contents of the bowl back into the tank shall be prohib-
ited. Trough urinals shall be prohibited.
401.3 Water conservation.
The
maximum water flow rates and flush volume for plumbing fixtures and fixture fittings 
shall comply with Section 604.
SECTION 
PC
402
FIXTURE MATERIAL
402.1 Quality of fixtures.
Plumbing fixtures shall be constructed of approved materials, with smooth, imper
vious 
surfaces, free from defects and concealed fouling surfaces, and shall conform to standards cited in this code. All 
porcelain enameled surfaces on plumbing fixtures shall be acid resistant.
402.2 Materials for specialty fixtures.
Materials for special
ty fixtures not otherwise covered in this code shall be of 
stainless steel, soapstone, chemical stoneware or plastic, or shall be lined with lead, copper
-
base alloy, nickel
-
copper 
alloy, corrosion
-
resistant steel or other material especially suited to the application for which the fixture is intended.
402.3 Sheet copper.
Sheet copper for general applications shall conform to ASTM B 152 and shall not weigh less 
than 12 ounces per square foot (3.7 kg/m
2
).
402.4 Sheet lead.
Sheet lead for pans shall not weigh less than 4 pounds per square foot (19.5 kg/m
2
) and shall be 
coated with an asphalt paint or other approved coating.
SECTION 
PC 
403
MINIMUM PLUMBING FACILITIES
403.1 Minimum number of fixtures.
Plumbing fixtures shall be provided for the type of occupancy and in the min-
imum number shown in Table 403.1. Types of occupancies not shown in Table 403.1 shall be considered individually 
by the 
commissioner.
The number of occupants shall be determined by the 
New York City 
Building Code
. 
Occupancy 
classification sha
ll be determined in accordance with the 
New York City Building Code
.   
TABLE 403.1
MINIMUM NUMBER OF REQUIRED PLUMBING FIXTURES
a 
(See Sections 403.1.1 and 403.2)
NO.
CLASSIFICATION
OCCUPANCY
h
DESCRIPTION
WATER CLOSETS
(URINALS: SEE SECTION 419.2)
LAVATORIES 
BATHTUBS
/ 
SHOWERS
DRINKING 
FOUNTAIN 
(SEE 
SECTION 
410
e
)
OTHER
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
MALE
FEMALE
MALE
FEMALE
1
Assembly
A
-
1
d
Theaters and other 
buildings
for the per-
forming arts and mo-
tion pictures
1 per 70 for 
the first 210 
and 1 per 
125 
for the 
remainder 
exceeding 
210
1 per 35 for 
the first 210 
and 1 per 65 
for the re-
mainder 
ex-
ceeding 210
1 per 200
—
1 per 500
1 service 
sink
A
-
2
d
Nightclubs, bars
f
, 
taverns, dance halls 
and buildings
for 
similar purposes
1 per 75
i
1 per 40
i
1 per 75
—
1 per 
500
1 service 
sink
Restaurants
g
, ban-
quet halls
and food courts
1 per 75
1 per 75
1 per 200
—
1 per 500
1 service 
sink
A
-
3
d
Auditoriums without 
permanent seating, 
art galleries, exhibi-
tion halls, museums, 
lecture halls, arcades 
and 
gymnasiums
1 per 70 for 
the first 210 
and 1 per 
125 
for the 
remainder 
exceeding 
210
1 per 35 for 
the first 210 
and 1 per 65 
for the re-
mainder 
ex-
ceeding 210
1 per 200
—
1 per 500
1 service 
sink
Passenger terminals 
and transportation 
facilities
1 per 
500
1 per 500
1 per 750
—
1 per 1,000
1 service 
sink
Places of worship 
and other religious 
services
1 per 150
1 per 75
1 per 200
—
1 per 1,000
1 service 
sink
A
-
4
Coliseums, arenas, 
skating 
rinks, pools 
and 
tennis 
courts for 
indoor sporting 
events and activities
1 per 75 for 
the first 
1,500 and 1 
per 120 for 
the remainder 
exceeding 
1,500
1 per 40
for 
the first 
1,520 
and
1 per 60 
for the re-
mainder ex-
ceeding 
1,520
1 per
200
1 per
150
—
1 per 1,000
1 service 
sink
A
-
5
Stadiums, 
amuse-
ment parks, bleach-
ers and grandstands 
for outdoor sporting 
events and activities
1 per 75 for 
the
first 
1
,500 and      
1 per 120 for 
the remainder 
exceeding 
1,500
1 per 40 for 
the first 1,520 
and 1 per 60 
for the re-
mainder ex-
ceeding 1,520
1 per 
200
1 
per 
150
—
1 per 1,000
1 service 
sink
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
2
Business
B
j, n
Buildings for the 
transaction
of busi-
ness, professional 
services, other       
services 
including 
merchandise
, office 
buildings
, banks, 
light industrial and 
similar uses
No. of persons for        No. of
each sex          
fixtures
1
–
20                  
1
21
–
45                  
2
46
–
70                  
3
71
–
100                  
4
101
–
140                  5
141
–
190                  6
1 fixture for each additional 
50 persons
No
. of   No. of
persons fix-
tures
for      each        
f                                                    
sex            
f
1
–
25               
1
26
–
50             
2
51
–
75             
3
76
–
115           
4
116
–
160         
5
1 fixture for 
each 
additional 
60 persons
—
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
m
3
Educational
E
Educational facili-
ties, including librar-
ies accessory to 
Group E
1 per 50
1 per 50
—
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
4
Factory and
industrial
F
-
1 and F
-
2
Structures in which 
occupants are 
en-
gaged in work fabri-
cating, assembly or 
processing of prod-
ucts or materials
1 per 100
1 per 100
(see     
Section
411)
1 per 400
1 service 
sink
5
Institutional
I
-
1
k
Residential care
1 per 10
1 per 10
1 per 8
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
I
-
2
Hospitals, 
ambulatory nursing 
home care recipient
1 per room
c
1 per room
c
1 per 15
1 per 100
1 service 
sink per 
floor
Employees, other 
than residential care
b
1 per 25
1 per 35
—
1 per 100
—
Visitors, other than 
residential
care
1 per 75
1 per 
100
—
1 per 500
—
I
-
3
Prisons
b
1 per cell
1 per cell
1 per 15
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
Reformatories, 
de-
tention
centers, and 
correctional 
centers
b
1 per 15
1 per 15
1 per 15
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
Employees
b
1 per 25
1 per 35
—
1 per 100
—
I
-
4
Adult day care and 
child day care
1 per 15
1 per 15
1 per 15
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
6
Mercantile
M
Retail stores, service 
stations, shops, 
salesrooms, markets 
and 
shopping
centers
1 per 500
1 per 750
—
1 per 1,000
1 service 
sink
m
7
Residential
R
-
1
k
Hotels, motels, 
boarding houses 
(transient)
1 per g
uestroom
1 per g
ues-
troom
1 per 
g
uestroom
—
1 service 
sink
R
-
1
k
Dormitories, 
frater-
nities
, sororities
and boarding 
houses (not 
transi-
ent
)
1 per 10
1 per 10
1 per 8
1 per 100
1 
service 
sink
R
-
2
k
Apartment house
1 per dwelling unit
1 per dwelling 
unit
1 per
dwelling
unit
—
1 kitchen 
sink per 
dwelling 
unit; 1 
automatic
clothes 
washer 
connection
per 20 
dwelling 
units
R
-
3
One
-
and two
-
family
dwellings and lodg-
ing houses with five 
or fewer 
guestrooms
1 per dwelling unit
1 per dwelling 
unit
1 per 
dwelling
unit
—
1 kitchen 
sink per 
dwelling 
unit; 1 
automatic
clothes 
washer 
connection
per 
dwelling 
unit
R
-
3
k
Congregate living 
fa-
cilities with 16 or 
fewer persons
1 per 10
1 per 10
1 per 8
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
8
Storage
S
-
1
S
-
2
Structures for the 
storage of goods, 
warehouses, 
store-
house
and freight de-
pots. Low and Mod-
erate Hazard.
1 per 100
1 per 100
See
Section 
411
1 per 
1,000
1 service 
sink
a. 
The fixtures shown are based on one fixture being the minimum required for the number of persons indicated
. Any
fraction of the number of 
persons 
requires an additional fixture.
The number of occupants shall be determined by the 
New York City
Building Code
.
b.
Toilet facilities for employees shall be separate from facilities for inmates or 
care recipients
.
c.
A single
-
occupant toilet room with one water closet and one lavatory se
rving not more than two adjacent patient sleeping units shall be 
permitted 
where such room is pro
vided with direct access from 
each patient sleeping unit and 
with provisions
for privacy.
d.
The occupant load for seasonal outdoor seating and entertainment a
reas shall be included when determining the minimum number of facilities 
required.
e.
The minimum number of required drinking foundations shall comply with Table 403.1 and Chapter 11 of the 
New York City Building Code.
f.
For the purposes of this table onl
y, “Bar” shall mean a business establishment or a portion of a nonprofit entity devoted primarily to the selling 
and serving of alcoholic beverages for consumption by the public, guests, patrons, or members on the premises and in which th
e serving of 
food 
is only incidental.
‡‡‡ Chapter 4 was amended by 
Local Law 
77 
of 2023
. This law has an effective
 date of June 10, 2023.
CHAPTER 4 
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS 
SECTION 
PC 
401
GENERAL
401.1 Scope. 
This chapter shall govern the materials, design and installation of plumbing fixtures, faucets and fixture 
fittings in accordance with the type of occupancy, and shall provide for the minimum number of fixtures for various 
types of occupancies.
401.2 Prohibited fixtures and connections.
Water closets having a concealed trap seal or an unventilated space or 
having walls that are not thoroughly washed 
at each discharge in accordance with 
ASME 
A112.19.2/CSA B45.1 shall 
be prohibited. Any water closet that permits siphonage of the contents of the bowl back into the tank shall be prohib-
ited. Trough urinals shall be prohibited.
401.3 Water conservation.
The
maximum water flow rates and flush volume for plumbing fixtures and fixture fittings 
shall comply with Section 604.
SECTION 
PC
402
FIXTURE MATERIAL
402.1 Quality of fixtures.
Plumbing fixtures shall be constructed of approved materials, with smooth, imper
vious 
surfaces, free from defects and concealed fouling surfaces, and shall conform to standards cited in this code. All 
porcelain enameled surfaces on plumbing fixtures shall be acid resistant.
402.2 Materials for specialty fixtures.
Materials for special
ty fixtures not otherwise covered in this code shall be of 
stainless steel, soapstone, chemical stoneware or plastic, or shall be lined with lead, copper
-
base alloy, nickel
-
copper 
alloy, corrosion
-
resistant steel or other material especially suited to the application for which the fixture is intended.
402.3 Sheet copper.
Sheet copper for general applications shall conform to ASTM B 152 and shall not weigh less 
than 12 ounces per square foot (3.7 kg/m
2
).
402.4 Sheet lead.
Sheet lead for pans shall not weigh less than 4 pounds per square foot (19.5 kg/m
2
) and shall be 
coated with an asphalt paint or other approved coating.
SECTION 
PC 
403
MINIMUM PLUMBING FACILITIES
403.1 Minimum number of fixtures.
Plumbing fixtures shall be provided for the type of occupancy and in the min-
imum number shown in Table 403.1. Types of occupancies not shown in Table 403.1 shall be considered individually 
by the 
commissioner.
The number of occupants shall be determined by the 
New York City 
Building Code
. 
Occupancy 
classification sha
ll be determined in accordance with the 
New York City Building Code
.   
TABLE 403.1
MINIMUM NUMBER OF REQUIRED PLUMBING FIXTURES
a 
(See Sections 403.1.1 and 403.2)
NO.
CLASSIFICATION
OCCUPANCY
h
DESCRIPTION
WATER CLOSETS
(URINALS: SEE SECTION 419.2)
LAVATORIES 
BATHTUBS
/ 
SHOWERS
DRINKING 
FOUNTAIN 
(SEE 
SECTION 
410
e
)
OTHER
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
MALE
FEMALE
MALE
FEMALE
1
Assembly
A
-
1
d
Theaters and other 
buildings
for the per-
forming arts and mo-
tion pictures
1 per 70 for 
the first 210 
and 1 per 
125 
for the 
remainder 
exceeding 
210
1 per 35 for 
the first 210 
and 1 per 65 
for the re-
mainder 
ex-
ceeding 210
1 per 200
—
1 per 500
1 service 
sink
A
-
2
d
Nightclubs, bars
f
, 
taverns, dance halls 
and buildings
for 
similar purposes
1 per 75
i
1 per 40
i
1 per 75
—
1 per 
500
1 service 
sink
Restaurants
g
, ban-
quet halls
and food courts
1 per 75
1 per 75
1 per 200
—
1 per 500
1 service 
sink
A
-
3
d
Auditoriums without 
permanent seating, 
art galleries, exhibi-
tion halls, museums, 
lecture halls, arcades 
and 
gymnasiums
1 per 70 for 
the first 210 
and 1 per 
125 
for the 
remainder 
exceeding 
210
1 per 35 for 
the first 210 
and 1 per 65 
for the re-
mainder 
ex-
ceeding 210
1 per 200
—
1 per 500
1 service 
sink
Passenger terminals 
and transportation 
facilities
1 per 
500
1 per 500
1 per 750
—
1 per 1,000
1 service 
sink
Places of worship 
and other religious 
services
1 per 150
1 per 75
1 per 200
—
1 per 1,000
1 service 
sink
A
-
4
Coliseums, arenas, 
skating 
rinks, pools 
and 
tennis 
courts for 
indoor sporting 
events and activities
1 per 75 for 
the first 
1,500 and 1 
per 120 for 
the remainder 
exceeding 
1,500
1 per 40
for 
the first 
1,520 
and
1 per 60 
for the re-
mainder ex-
ceeding 
1,520
1 per
200
1 per
150
—
1 per 1,000
1 service 
sink
A
-
5
Stadiums, 
amuse-
ment parks, bleach-
ers and grandstands 
for outdoor sporting 
events and activities
1 per 75 for 
the
first 
1
,500 and      
1 per 120 for 
the remainder 
exceeding 
1,500
1 per 40 for 
the first 1,520 
and 1 per 60 
for the re-
mainder ex-
ceeding 1,520
1 per 
200
1 
per 
150
—
1 per 1,000
1 service 
sink
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
2
Business
B
j, n
Buildings for the 
transaction
of busi-
ness, professional 
services, other       
services 
including 
merchandise
, office 
buildings
, banks, 
light industrial and 
similar uses
No. of persons for        No. of
each sex          
fixtures
1
–
20                  
1
21
–
45                  
2
46
–
70                  
3
71
–
100                  
4
101
–
140                  5
141
–
190                  6
1 fixture for each additional 
50 persons
No
. of   No. of
persons fix-
tures
for      each        
f                                                    
sex            
f
1
–
25               
1
26
–
50             
2
51
–
75             
3
76
–
115           
4
116
–
160         
5
1 fixture for 
each 
additional 
60 persons
—
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
m
3
Educational
E
Educational facili-
ties, including librar-
ies accessory to 
Group E
1 per 50
1 per 50
—
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
4
Factory and
industrial
F
-
1 and F
-
2
Structures in which 
occupants are 
en-
gaged in work fabri-
cating, assembly or 
processing of prod-
ucts or materials
1 per 100
1 per 100
(see     
Section
411)
1 per 400
1 service 
sink
5
Institutional
I
-
1
k
Residential care
1 per 10
1 per 10
1 per 8
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
I
-
2
Hospitals, 
ambulatory nursing 
home care recipient
1 per room
c
1 per room
c
1 per 15
1 per 100
1 service 
sink per 
floor
Employees, other 
than residential care
b
1 per 25
1 per 35
—
1 per 100
—
Visitors, other than 
residential
care
1 per 75
1 per 
100
—
1 per 500
—
I
-
3
Prisons
b
1 per cell
1 per cell
1 per 15
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
Reformatories, 
de-
tention
centers, and 
correctional 
centers
b
1 per 15
1 per 15
1 per 15
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
Employees
b
1 per 25
1 per 35
—
1 per 100
—
I
-
4
Adult day care and 
child day care
1 per 15
1 per 15
1 per 15
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
6
Mercantile
M
Retail stores, service 
stations, shops, 
salesrooms, markets 
and 
shopping
centers
1 per 500
1 per 750
—
1 per 1,000
1 service 
sink
m
7
Residential
R
-
1
k
Hotels, motels, 
boarding houses 
(transient)
1 per g
uestroom
1 per g
ues-
troom
1 per 
g
uestroom
—
1 service 
sink
R
-
1
k
Dormitories, 
frater-
nities
, sororities
and boarding 
houses (not 
transi-
ent
)
1 per 10
1 per 10
1 per 8
1 per 100
1 
service 
sink
R
-
2
k
Apartment house
1 per dwelling unit
1 per dwelling 
unit
1 per
dwelling
unit
—
1 kitchen 
sink per 
dwelling 
unit; 1 
automatic
clothes 
washer 
connection
per 20 
dwelling 
units
R
-
3
One
-
and two
-
family
dwellings and lodg-
ing houses with five 
or fewer 
guestrooms
1 per dwelling unit
1 per dwelling 
unit
1 per 
dwelling
unit
—
1 kitchen 
sink per 
dwelling 
unit; 1 
automatic
clothes 
washer 
connection
per 
dwelling 
unit
R
-
3
k
Congregate living 
fa-
cilities with 16 or 
fewer persons
1 per 10
1 per 10
1 per 8
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
8
Storage
S
-
1
S
-
2
Structures for the 
storage of goods, 
warehouses, 
store-
house
and freight de-
pots. Low and Mod-
erate Hazard.
1 per 100
1 per 100
See
Section 
411
1 per 
1,000
1 service 
sink
a. 
The fixtures shown are based on one fixture being the minimum required for the number of persons indicated
. Any
fraction of the number of 
persons 
requires an additional fixture.
The number of occupants shall be determined by the 
New York City
Building Code
.
b.
Toilet facilities for employees shall be separate from facilities for inmates or 
care recipients
.
c.
A single
-
occupant toilet room with one water closet and one lavatory se
rving not more than two adjacent patient sleeping units shall be 
permitted 
where such room is pro
vided with direct access from 
each patient sleeping unit and 
with provisions
for privacy.
d.
The occupant load for seasonal outdoor seating and entertainment a
reas shall be included when determining the minimum number of facilities 
required.
e.
The minimum number of required drinking foundations shall comply with Table 403.1 and Chapter 11 of the 
New York City Building Code.
f.
For the purposes of this table onl
y, “Bar” shall mean a business establishment or a portion of a nonprofit entity devoted primarily to the selling 
and serving of alcoholic beverages for consumption by the public, guests, patrons, or members on the premises and in which th
e serving of 
food 
is only incidental.
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
g.
The total number of occupants for a single establishment comprising of a restaurant with an accessory bar shall be considered
as a restaurant 
for the purposes of determining the minimum number of plumbing fixtures.
h.
As per the 
New York City Building Code.
i.
The requirements for the number of water closets for a total occupancy of 150 persons or fewer shall not apply to bars except
that, subject to 
the requirements of Section 403.2.1, there shall be at least one 
water closet for men and at least one water closet for women or at least two 
single
-
occupant toilet rooms.
j.
The number of fixtures for building or nonaccessory tenant space used for assembly purposes by fewer than 75 persons and clas
sified as Group 
B occ
upancy in accordance with Section 303.1, Exception 2 of the 
New York City Building Code 
shall be permitted to be calculated in 
accordance with the requirements for Assembly occupancies.
k.
In addition to the requirements of Table 403.1, residential occupan
cies I
-
1, R
-
1, R
-
2, and R
-
3 shall provide fixtures in compliance with the 
requirements of Section 614 for emergency drinking water access.
m.
For business and mercantile occupancies with an occupant load of 15 or fewer, service sinks shall not be required.
n.
Libraries that are not classified as accessory to Group E per Section 304.1 of the 
New York City Building Code
shall comply with fixture counts 
for Group B occupancies.
403.1.1 Fixture calculations.
To determine the occupant load of each sex, the total
occupant load shall be divided 
in half
. To determine the required number of fixtures, the fixture ratio or ratios for each fixture type shall be 
applied to the occupant load of each sex in accordance with Table 403.1. 
Fractional numbers resulting from ap-
p
lying the fixture ratios of Table 403.1 shall be rounded up to the next whole number. For calculations involving 
multiple occupancies, such fractional numbers for each occupancy shall first be summed and then rounded up to 
the next whole number.
Fixture ca
lculations in Group B office occupancies shall utilize the total occupant load on 
a given floor to determine the number of fixtures required for that floor.
Exception: 
The total occupant load shall not be required to be divided in half where approved stati
stical data 
indicates a distribution of the sexes of other than 50 percent of each sex.
403.1.2 Family or assisted
-
use toilet and bath fixtures.
Fixtures located within family or assisted
-
use toilet and 
bathing rooms required by Section 1109.2.1 of the 
New
York City 
Building Code 
are permitted to be included in 
the number of required fixtures for either the male or female occupants in assembly and mercantile occupancies.
403.1.3 Single
-
occupant toilet fixtures. 
Fixtures located within single
-
occupant toilet
rooms are permitted to be 
included in the number of fixtures required by Section 403, or where applicable the 
1968 Building Code
, for either 
the male or the female occupants. Fixtures located within toilet rooms subject to the exception of Section 403.2.1
are permitted to be included in the number of fixtures required by Section 403, or where applicable the 
1968 Build-
ing Code
, only for that sex.
403.2 Separate facilities.
Where plumbing fixtures are required, separate facilities shall be provided for each 
sex.
Exceptions:
1.
Separate facilities shall not be required for dwelling units and sleeping units.
2.
In structures or tenant spaces where combined employee and public toilet facilities are provided in accord-
ance with Section 403.3, separate facilities 
shall not be required where the total number of employees, cus-
tomers, patrons and visitors is 30 or fewer.
3.
In structures or tenant spaces where required toilet facilities for only employee use are provided in accordance 
with Section 403.3, separate faci
lities shall not be required where the total number of employees is 30 or 
fewer.
4.
In structures or tenant spaces where required toilet facilities for only public use are provided in accordance 
with Section 403.3, separate facilities shall not be required
where the total number of customers, patrons and 
visitors is 30 or fewer.
‡‡‡
403.2.1 Family or assisted
-
use toilet facilities serving as separate facilities. 
Where a building or tenant 
space requires a separate toilet facility for each sex and each 
toilet facility is required to have only one water closet, 
two
-
family or assisted
-
use toilet facilities shall be permitted to serve as the required separate facilities. Family or 
assisted
-
use toilet facilities shall not be required to be identified for exc
lusive use by either sex as required by 
Section 403.4.
403.2.2 Single
-
occupant toilet rooms. 
All single
-
occupant toilet rooms shall be made available for use by persons 
of any sex. Existing toilet rooms shall comply with this section. Nothing in this secti
on shall be construed to affect 
‡‡‡ Chapter 4 was amended by 
Local Law 
77 
of 2023
. This law has an effective
 date of June 10, 2023.
CHAPTER 4 
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS 
SECTION 
PC 
401
GENERAL
401.1 Scope. 
This chapter shall govern the materials, design and installation of plumbing fixtures, faucets and fixture 
fittings in accordance with the type of occupancy, and shall provide for the minimum number of fixtures for various 
types of occupancies.
401.2 Prohibited fixtures and connections.
Water closets having a concealed trap seal or an unventilated space or 
having walls that are not thoroughly washed 
at each discharge in accordance with 
ASME 
A112.19.2/CSA B45.1 shall 
be prohibited. Any water closet that permits siphonage of the contents of the bowl back into the tank shall be prohib-
ited. Trough urinals shall be prohibited.
401.3 Water conservation.
The
maximum water flow rates and flush volume for plumbing fixtures and fixture fittings 
shall comply with Section 604.
SECTION 
PC
402
FIXTURE MATERIAL
402.1 Quality of fixtures.
Plumbing fixtures shall be constructed of approved materials, with smooth, imper
vious 
surfaces, free from defects and concealed fouling surfaces, and shall conform to standards cited in this code. All 
porcelain enameled surfaces on plumbing fixtures shall be acid resistant.
402.2 Materials for specialty fixtures.
Materials for special
ty fixtures not otherwise covered in this code shall be of 
stainless steel, soapstone, chemical stoneware or plastic, or shall be lined with lead, copper
-
base alloy, nickel
-
copper 
alloy, corrosion
-
resistant steel or other material especially suited to the application for which the fixture is intended.
402.3 Sheet copper.
Sheet copper for general applications shall conform to ASTM B 152 and shall not weigh less 
than 12 ounces per square foot (3.7 kg/m
2
).
402.4 Sheet lead.
Sheet lead for pans shall not weigh less than 4 pounds per square foot (19.5 kg/m
2
) and shall be 
coated with an asphalt paint or other approved coating.
SECTION 
PC 
403
MINIMUM PLUMBING FACILITIES
403.1 Minimum number of fixtures.
Plumbing fixtures shall be provided for the type of occupancy and in the min-
imum number shown in Table 403.1. Types of occupancies not shown in Table 403.1 shall be considered individually 
by the 
commissioner.
The number of occupants shall be determined by the 
New York City 
Building Code
. 
Occupancy 
classification sha
ll be determined in accordance with the 
New York City Building Code
.   
TABLE 403.1
MINIMUM NUMBER OF REQUIRED PLUMBING FIXTURES
a 
(See Sections 403.1.1 and 403.2)
NO.
CLASSIFICATION
OCCUPANCY
h
DESCRIPTION
WATER CLOSETS
(URINALS: SEE SECTION 419.2)
LAVATORIES 
BATHTUBS
/ 
SHOWERS
DRINKING 
FOUNTAIN 
(SEE 
SECTION 
410
e
)
OTHER
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
MALE
FEMALE
MALE
FEMALE
1
Assembly
A
-
1
d
Theaters and other 
buildings
for the per-
forming arts and mo-
tion pictures
1 per 70 for 
the first 210 
and 1 per 
125 
for the 
remainder 
exceeding 
210
1 per 35 for 
the first 210 
and 1 per 65 
for the re-
mainder 
ex-
ceeding 210
1 per 200
—
1 per 500
1 service 
sink
A
-
2
d
Nightclubs, bars
f
, 
taverns, dance halls 
and buildings
for 
similar purposes
1 per 75
i
1 per 40
i
1 per 75
—
1 per 
500
1 service 
sink
Restaurants
g
, ban-
quet halls
and food courts
1 per 75
1 per 75
1 per 200
—
1 per 500
1 service 
sink
A
-
3
d
Auditoriums without 
permanent seating, 
art galleries, exhibi-
tion halls, museums, 
lecture halls, arcades 
and 
gymnasiums
1 per 70 for 
the first 210 
and 1 per 
125 
for the 
remainder 
exceeding 
210
1 per 35 for 
the first 210 
and 1 per 65 
for the re-
mainder 
ex-
ceeding 210
1 per 200
—
1 per 500
1 service 
sink
Passenger terminals 
and transportation 
facilities
1 per 
500
1 per 500
1 per 750
—
1 per 1,000
1 service 
sink
Places of worship 
and other religious 
services
1 per 150
1 per 75
1 per 200
—
1 per 1,000
1 service 
sink
A
-
4
Coliseums, arenas, 
skating 
rinks, pools 
and 
tennis 
courts for 
indoor sporting 
events and activities
1 per 75 for 
the first 
1,500 and 1 
per 120 for 
the remainder 
exceeding 
1,500
1 per 40
for 
the first 
1,520 
and
1 per 60 
for the re-
mainder ex-
ceeding 
1,520
1 per
200
1 per
150
—
1 per 1,000
1 service 
sink
A
-
5
Stadiums, 
amuse-
ment parks, bleach-
ers and grandstands 
for outdoor sporting 
events and activities
1 per 75 for 
the
first 
1
,500 and      
1 per 120 for 
the remainder 
exceeding 
1,500
1 per 40 for 
the first 1,520 
and 1 per 60 
for the re-
mainder ex-
ceeding 1,520
1 per 
200
1 
per 
150
—
1 per 1,000
1 service 
sink
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
2
Business
B
j, n
Buildings for the 
transaction
of busi-
ness, professional 
services, other       
services 
including 
merchandise
, office 
buildings
, banks, 
light industrial and 
similar uses
No. of persons for        No. of
each sex          
fixtures
1
–
20                  
1
21
–
45                  
2
46
–
70                  
3
71
–
100                  
4
101
–
140                  5
141
–
190                  6
1 fixture for each additional 
50 persons
No
. of   No. of
persons fix-
tures
for      each        
f                                                    
sex            
f
1
–
25               
1
26
–
50             
2
51
–
75             
3
76
–
115           
4
116
–
160         
5
1 fixture for 
each 
additional 
60 persons
—
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
m
3
Educational
E
Educational facili-
ties, including librar-
ies accessory to 
Group E
1 per 50
1 per 50
—
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
4
Factory and
industrial
F
-
1 and F
-
2
Structures in which 
occupants are 
en-
gaged in work fabri-
cating, assembly or 
processing of prod-
ucts or materials
1 per 100
1 per 100
(see     
Section
411)
1 per 400
1 service 
sink
5
Institutional
I
-
1
k
Residential care
1 per 10
1 per 10
1 per 8
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
I
-
2
Hospitals, 
ambulatory nursing 
home care recipient
1 per room
c
1 per room
c
1 per 15
1 per 100
1 service 
sink per 
floor
Employees, other 
than residential care
b
1 per 25
1 per 35
—
1 per 100
—
Visitors, other than 
residential
care
1 per 75
1 per 
100
—
1 per 500
—
I
-
3
Prisons
b
1 per cell
1 per cell
1 per 15
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
Reformatories, 
de-
tention
centers, and 
correctional 
centers
b
1 per 15
1 per 15
1 per 15
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
Employees
b
1 per 25
1 per 35
—
1 per 100
—
I
-
4
Adult day care and 
child day care
1 per 15
1 per 15
1 per 15
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
6
Mercantile
M
Retail stores, service 
stations, shops, 
salesrooms, markets 
and 
shopping
centers
1 per 500
1 per 750
—
1 per 1,000
1 service 
sink
m
7
Residential
R
-
1
k
Hotels, motels, 
boarding houses 
(transient)
1 per g
uestroom
1 per g
ues-
troom
1 per 
g
uestroom
—
1 service 
sink
R
-
1
k
Dormitories, 
frater-
nities
, sororities
and boarding 
houses (not 
transi-
ent
)
1 per 10
1 per 10
1 per 8
1 per 100
1 
service 
sink
R
-
2
k
Apartment house
1 per dwelling unit
1 per dwelling 
unit
1 per
dwelling
unit
—
1 kitchen 
sink per 
dwelling 
unit; 1 
automatic
clothes 
washer 
connection
per 20 
dwelling 
units
R
-
3
One
-
and two
-
family
dwellings and lodg-
ing houses with five 
or fewer 
guestrooms
1 per dwelling unit
1 per dwelling 
unit
1 per 
dwelling
unit
—
1 kitchen 
sink per 
dwelling 
unit; 1 
automatic
clothes 
washer 
connection
per 
dwelling 
unit
R
-
3
k
Congregate living 
fa-
cilities with 16 or 
fewer persons
1 per 10
1 per 10
1 per 8
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
8
Storage
S
-
1
S
-
2
Structures for the 
storage of goods, 
warehouses, 
store-
house
and freight de-
pots. Low and Mod-
erate Hazard.
1 per 100
1 per 100
See
Section 
411
1 per 
1,000
1 service 
sink
a. 
The fixtures shown are based on one fixture being the minimum required for the number of persons indicated
. Any
fraction of the number of 
persons 
requires an additional fixture.
The number of occupants shall be determined by the 
New York City
Building Code
.
b.
Toilet facilities for employees shall be separate from facilities for inmates or 
care recipients
.
c.
A single
-
occupant toilet room with one water closet and one lavatory se
rving not more than two adjacent patient sleeping units shall be 
permitted 
where such room is pro
vided with direct access from 
each patient sleeping unit and 
with provisions
for privacy.
d.
The occupant load for seasonal outdoor seating and entertainment a
reas shall be included when determining the minimum number of facilities 
required.
e.
The minimum number of required drinking foundations shall comply with Table 403.1 and Chapter 11 of the 
New York City Building Code.
f.
For the purposes of this table onl
y, “Bar” shall mean a business establishment or a portion of a nonprofit entity devoted primarily to the selling 
and serving of alcoholic beverages for consumption by the public, guests, patrons, or members on the premises and in which th
e serving of 
food 
is only incidental.
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
g.
The total number of occupants for a single establishment comprising of a restaurant with an accessory bar shall be considered
as a restaurant 
for the purposes of determining the minimum number of plumbing fixtures.
h.
As per the 
New York City Building Code.
i.
The requirements for the number of water closets for a total occupancy of 150 persons or fewer shall not apply to bars except
that, subject to 
the requirements of Section 403.2.1, there shall be at least one 
water closet for men and at least one water closet for women or at least two 
single
-
occupant toilet rooms.
j.
The number of fixtures for building or nonaccessory tenant space used for assembly purposes by fewer than 75 persons and clas
sified as Group 
B occ
upancy in accordance with Section 303.1, Exception 2 of the 
New York City Building Code 
shall be permitted to be calculated in 
accordance with the requirements for Assembly occupancies.
k.
In addition to the requirements of Table 403.1, residential occupan
cies I
-
1, R
-
1, R
-
2, and R
-
3 shall provide fixtures in compliance with the 
requirements of Section 614 for emergency drinking water access.
m.
For business and mercantile occupancies with an occupant load of 15 or fewer, service sinks shall not be required.
n.
Libraries that are not classified as accessory to Group E per Section 304.1 of the 
New York City Building Code
shall comply with fixture counts 
for Group B occupancies.
403.1.1 Fixture calculations.
To determine the occupant load of each sex, the total
occupant load shall be divided 
in half
. To determine the required number of fixtures, the fixture ratio or ratios for each fixture type shall be 
applied to the occupant load of each sex in accordance with Table 403.1. 
Fractional numbers resulting from ap-
p
lying the fixture ratios of Table 403.1 shall be rounded up to the next whole number. For calculations involving 
multiple occupancies, such fractional numbers for each occupancy shall first be summed and then rounded up to 
the next whole number.
Fixture ca
lculations in Group B office occupancies shall utilize the total occupant load on 
a given floor to determine the number of fixtures required for that floor.
Exception: 
The total occupant load shall not be required to be divided in half where approved stati
stical data 
indicates a distribution of the sexes of other than 50 percent of each sex.
403.1.2 Family or assisted
-
use toilet and bath fixtures.
Fixtures located within family or assisted
-
use toilet and 
bathing rooms required by Section 1109.2.1 of the 
New
York City 
Building Code 
are permitted to be included in 
the number of required fixtures for either the male or female occupants in assembly and mercantile occupancies.
403.1.3 Single
-
occupant toilet fixtures. 
Fixtures located within single
-
occupant toilet
rooms are permitted to be 
included in the number of fixtures required by Section 403, or where applicable the 
1968 Building Code
, for either 
the male or the female occupants. Fixtures located within toilet rooms subject to the exception of Section 403.2.1
are permitted to be included in the number of fixtures required by Section 403, or where applicable the 
1968 Build-
ing Code
, only for that sex.
403.2 Separate facilities.
Where plumbing fixtures are required, separate facilities shall be provided for each 
sex.
Exceptions:
1.
Separate facilities shall not be required for dwelling units and sleeping units.
2.
In structures or tenant spaces where combined employee and public toilet facilities are provided in accord-
ance with Section 403.3, separate facilities 
shall not be required where the total number of employees, cus-
tomers, patrons and visitors is 30 or fewer.
3.
In structures or tenant spaces where required toilet facilities for only employee use are provided in accordance 
with Section 403.3, separate faci
lities shall not be required where the total number of employees is 30 or 
fewer.
4.
In structures or tenant spaces where required toilet facilities for only public use are provided in accordance 
with Section 403.3, separate facilities shall not be required
where the total number of customers, patrons and 
visitors is 30 or fewer.
‡‡‡
403.2.1 Family or assisted
-
use toilet facilities serving as separate facilities. 
Where a building or tenant 
space requires a separate toilet facility for each sex and each 
toilet facility is required to have only one water closet, 
two
-
family or assisted
-
use toilet facilities shall be permitted to serve as the required separate facilities. Family or 
assisted
-
use toilet facilities shall not be required to be identified for exc
lusive use by either sex as required by 
Section 403.4.
403.2.2 Single
-
occupant toilet rooms. 
All single
-
occupant toilet rooms shall be made available for use by persons 
of any sex. Existing toilet rooms shall comply with this section. Nothing in this secti
on shall be construed to affect 
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
or alter the number of toilet rooms in a building otherwise required pursuant to this code or where applicable the 
1968 Building Code
.
Exception: 
Where egress from a single
-
occupant toilet room is through a room permissibly 
restricted by sex.
403.3 Required employee and public toilet facilities.
Employees shall be provided with toilet facilities in all occu-
pancies. The number of plumbing fixtures located within the required employee toilet facilities shall be provided in 
acco
rdance with Section 403 for all employees. Customers, patrons and visitors shall be provided with public toilet 
facilities in structures and tenant spaces intended for public utilization. The number of plumbing fixtures located 
within the required public t
oilet facilities shall be provided in accordance with Section 403 for all customers, patrons 
and visitors. Employee and public toilet facilities may be separate or combined. Where combined facilities are pro-
vided, the number of plumbing fixtures shall be i
n accordance with Section 403 for all users. 
Exception:
Public utilization of toilet facilities shall not be required for:
1.
Food service establishments, as defined in Section 81.03 of the 
New York City Health Code
, with a seating 
capacity of less than 2
0, provided such establishments are less than 10,000 square feet (929 m
2
).
2.
Establishments less than 10,000 square feet (929 m
2
) classified as Occupancy Group B or M pursuant to 
Sections 304.1 and 309.1 of the 
New York City Building Code
, respectively, p
rovided however that this 
exception shall not apply to a building or nonaccessory tenant space used for assembly purposes by fewer 
than 75 persons and classified as a Group B occupancy in accordance with Section 303.1.2 of the 
New York 
City Building Code
.
403.3.1 Access.
The route to the public toilet facilities required by Section 403.3 shall not pass through kitchens, 
storage rooms or closets. Access to the required facilities shall be from within the building or from the exterior of 
the building.
Routes
shall comply with the accessibility requirements of the 
New York City 
Building Code
. 
The 
public
shall have access to the required toilet facilities at all times that the building is occupied.
403.3.2 Prohibited toilet room location.
Toilet rooms shall not 
open directly into a room used for the preparation 
of food for service to the public.
403.3.3 Location of toilet facilities in occupancies other than malls.
In occupancies other than covered and open 
mall buildings, the required public and employee toilet facilities shall be located not more than one story above or 
below the space required to be provided with toilet facilities, and the path of travel to such f
acilities shall not exceed 
a distance of 500 feet (152 m).
Exception: 
The location and maximum
distances of travel to required employee facilities in factory and indus-
trial occupancies are permitted to exceed that required by this section, provided that th
e location and maximum 
distance of travel are approved.
403.3.4 Location of toilet facilities in malls.
In covered and open mall buildings, the required public and employee 
toilet facilities shall be located not more than one story above or below the space
required to be provided with toilet 
facilities, and the path of travel to such facilities shall not exceed a distance of 300 feet (91 m). In
mall buildings, 
the required facilities shall be based on total square footage within a covered mall building or w
ithin the perimeter 
line of an open mall building, and facilities shall be installed in each individual store or in a central toilet area 
located in accordance with this section. The maximum distance of travel to central toilet facilities in mall buildings
shall be measured from the main entrance of any store or tenant space. In
mall buildings, where employees’ toilet 
facilities are not provided in the individual store, the maximum distance of travel shall be measured from the em-
ployees’ work area of the st
ore or tenant space.
403.3.5 Pay facilities.
Where pay facilities are installed, such facilities shall be in excess of
the required minimum 
facilities. Required facilities shall be free of charge.
403.3.6 Door locking. 
Where a toilet room is provided for the use of multiple occupants, the egress door for the 
room shall not be lockable from the inside of the room. This sec
tion does not apply to family or assisted
-
use toilet 
rooms.
403.4 Signage.
Required public facilities shall be designated by a legible sign for each sex or, for a single
-
occupant 
toilet room, for all sexes. Signs shall be readily visible and located near t
he entrance to each toilet facility. Existing 
single
-
occupant toilet rooms shall comply with this requirement.
‡‡‡ Chapter 4 was amended by 
Local Law 
77 
of 2023
. This law has an effective
 date of June 10, 2023.
CHAPTER 4 
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS 
SECTION 
PC 
401
GENERAL
401.1 Scope. 
This chapter shall govern the materials, design and installation of plumbing fixtures, faucets and fixture 
fittings in accordance with the type of occupancy, and shall provide for the minimum number of fixtures for various 
types of occupancies.
401.2 Prohibited fixtures and connections.
Water closets having a concealed trap seal or an unventilated space or 
having walls that are not thoroughly washed 
at each discharge in accordance with 
ASME 
A112.19.2/CSA B45.1 shall 
be prohibited. Any water closet that permits siphonage of the contents of the bowl back into the tank shall be prohib-
ited. Trough urinals shall be prohibited.
401.3 Water conservation.
The
maximum water flow rates and flush volume for plumbing fixtures and fixture fittings 
shall comply with Section 604.
SECTION 
PC
402
FIXTURE MATERIAL
402.1 Quality of fixtures.
Plumbing fixtures shall be constructed of approved materials, with smooth, imper
vious 
surfaces, free from defects and concealed fouling surfaces, and shall conform to standards cited in this code. All 
porcelain enameled surfaces on plumbing fixtures shall be acid resistant.
402.2 Materials for specialty fixtures.
Materials for special
ty fixtures not otherwise covered in this code shall be of 
stainless steel, soapstone, chemical stoneware or plastic, or shall be lined with lead, copper
-
base alloy, nickel
-
copper 
alloy, corrosion
-
resistant steel or other material especially suited to the application for which the fixture is intended.
402.3 Sheet copper.
Sheet copper for general applications shall conform to ASTM B 152 and shall not weigh less 
than 12 ounces per square foot (3.7 kg/m
2
).
402.4 Sheet lead.
Sheet lead for pans shall not weigh less than 4 pounds per square foot (19.5 kg/m
2
) and shall be 
coated with an asphalt paint or other approved coating.
SECTION 
PC 
403
MINIMUM PLUMBING FACILITIES
403.1 Minimum number of fixtures.
Plumbing fixtures shall be provided for the type of occupancy and in the min-
imum number shown in Table 403.1. Types of occupancies not shown in Table 403.1 shall be considered individually 
by the 
commissioner.
The number of occupants shall be determined by the 
New York City 
Building Code
. 
Occupancy 
classification sha
ll be determined in accordance with the 
New York City Building Code
.   
TABLE 403.1
MINIMUM NUMBER OF REQUIRED PLUMBING FIXTURES
a 
(See Sections 403.1.1 and 403.2)
NO.
CLASSIFICATION
OCCUPANCY
h
DESCRIPTION
WATER CLOSETS
(URINALS: SEE SECTION 419.2)
LAVATORIES 
BATHTUBS
/ 
SHOWERS
DRINKING 
FOUNTAIN 
(SEE 
SECTION 
410
e
)
OTHER
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
MALE
FEMALE
MALE
FEMALE
1
Assembly
A
-
1
d
Theaters and other 
buildings
for the per-
forming arts and mo-
tion pictures
1 per 70 for 
the first 210 
and 1 per 
125 
for the 
remainder 
exceeding 
210
1 per 35 for 
the first 210 
and 1 per 65 
for the re-
mainder 
ex-
ceeding 210
1 per 200
—
1 per 500
1 service 
sink
A
-
2
d
Nightclubs, bars
f
, 
taverns, dance halls 
and buildings
for 
similar purposes
1 per 75
i
1 per 40
i
1 per 75
—
1 per 
500
1 service 
sink
Restaurants
g
, ban-
quet halls
and food courts
1 per 75
1 per 75
1 per 200
—
1 per 500
1 service 
sink
A
-
3
d
Auditoriums without 
permanent seating, 
art galleries, exhibi-
tion halls, museums, 
lecture halls, arcades 
and 
gymnasiums
1 per 70 for 
the first 210 
and 1 per 
125 
for the 
remainder 
exceeding 
210
1 per 35 for 
the first 210 
and 1 per 65 
for the re-
mainder 
ex-
ceeding 210
1 per 200
—
1 per 500
1 service 
sink
Passenger terminals 
and transportation 
facilities
1 per 
500
1 per 500
1 per 750
—
1 per 1,000
1 service 
sink
Places of worship 
and other religious 
services
1 per 150
1 per 75
1 per 200
—
1 per 1,000
1 service 
sink
A
-
4
Coliseums, arenas, 
skating 
rinks, pools 
and 
tennis 
courts for 
indoor sporting 
events and activities
1 per 75 for 
the first 
1,500 and 1 
per 120 for 
the remainder 
exceeding 
1,500
1 per 40
for 
the first 
1,520 
and
1 per 60 
for the re-
mainder ex-
ceeding 
1,520
1 per
200
1 per
150
—
1 per 1,000
1 service 
sink
A
-
5
Stadiums, 
amuse-
ment parks, bleach-
ers and grandstands 
for outdoor sporting 
events and activities
1 per 75 for 
the
first 
1
,500 and      
1 per 120 for 
the remainder 
exceeding 
1,500
1 per 40 for 
the first 1,520 
and 1 per 60 
for the re-
mainder ex-
ceeding 1,520
1 per 
200
1 
per 
150
—
1 per 1,000
1 service 
sink
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
2
Business
B
j, n
Buildings for the 
transaction
of busi-
ness, professional 
services, other       
services 
including 
merchandise
, office 
buildings
, banks, 
light industrial and 
similar uses
No. of persons for        No. of
each sex          
fixtures
1
–
20                  
1
21
–
45                  
2
46
–
70                  
3
71
–
100                  
4
101
–
140                  5
141
–
190                  6
1 fixture for each additional 
50 persons
No
. of   No. of
persons fix-
tures
for      each        
f                                                    
sex            
f
1
–
25               
1
26
–
50             
2
51
–
75             
3
76
–
115           
4
116
–
160         
5
1 fixture for 
each 
additional 
60 persons
—
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
m
3
Educational
E
Educational facili-
ties, including librar-
ies accessory to 
Group E
1 per 50
1 per 50
—
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
4
Factory and
industrial
F
-
1 and F
-
2
Structures in which 
occupants are 
en-
gaged in work fabri-
cating, assembly or 
processing of prod-
ucts or materials
1 per 100
1 per 100
(see     
Section
411)
1 per 400
1 service 
sink
5
Institutional
I
-
1
k
Residential care
1 per 10
1 per 10
1 per 8
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
I
-
2
Hospitals, 
ambulatory nursing 
home care recipient
1 per room
c
1 per room
c
1 per 15
1 per 100
1 service 
sink per 
floor
Employees, other 
than residential care
b
1 per 25
1 per 35
—
1 per 100
—
Visitors, other than 
residential
care
1 per 75
1 per 
100
—
1 per 500
—
I
-
3
Prisons
b
1 per cell
1 per cell
1 per 15
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
Reformatories, 
de-
tention
centers, and 
correctional 
centers
b
1 per 15
1 per 15
1 per 15
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
Employees
b
1 per 25
1 per 35
—
1 per 100
—
I
-
4
Adult day care and 
child day care
1 per 15
1 per 15
1 per 15
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
6
Mercantile
M
Retail stores, service 
stations, shops, 
salesrooms, markets 
and 
shopping
centers
1 per 500
1 per 750
—
1 per 1,000
1 service 
sink
m
7
Residential
R
-
1
k
Hotels, motels, 
boarding houses 
(transient)
1 per g
uestroom
1 per g
ues-
troom
1 per 
g
uestroom
—
1 service 
sink
R
-
1
k
Dormitories, 
frater-
nities
, sororities
and boarding 
houses (not 
transi-
ent
)
1 per 10
1 per 10
1 per 8
1 per 100
1 
service 
sink
R
-
2
k
Apartment house
1 per dwelling unit
1 per dwelling 
unit
1 per
dwelling
unit
—
1 kitchen 
sink per 
dwelling 
unit; 1 
automatic
clothes 
washer 
connection
per 20 
dwelling 
units
R
-
3
One
-
and two
-
family
dwellings and lodg-
ing houses with five 
or fewer 
guestrooms
1 per dwelling unit
1 per dwelling 
unit
1 per 
dwelling
unit
—
1 kitchen 
sink per 
dwelling 
unit; 1 
automatic
clothes 
washer 
connection
per 
dwelling 
unit
R
-
3
k
Congregate living 
fa-
cilities with 16 or 
fewer persons
1 per 10
1 per 10
1 per 8
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
8
Storage
S
-
1
S
-
2
Structures for the 
storage of goods, 
warehouses, 
store-
house
and freight de-
pots. Low and Mod-
erate Hazard.
1 per 100
1 per 100
See
Section 
411
1 per 
1,000
1 service 
sink
a. 
The fixtures shown are based on one fixture being the minimum required for the number of persons indicated
. Any
fraction of the number of 
persons 
requires an additional fixture.
The number of occupants shall be determined by the 
New York City
Building Code
.
b.
Toilet facilities for employees shall be separate from facilities for inmates or 
care recipients
.
c.
A single
-
occupant toilet room with one water closet and one lavatory se
rving not more than two adjacent patient sleeping units shall be 
permitted 
where such room is pro
vided with direct access from 
each patient sleeping unit and 
with provisions
for privacy.
d.
The occupant load for seasonal outdoor seating and entertainment a
reas shall be included when determining the minimum number of facilities 
required.
e.
The minimum number of required drinking foundations shall comply with Table 403.1 and Chapter 11 of the 
New York City Building Code.
f.
For the purposes of this table onl
y, “Bar” shall mean a business establishment or a portion of a nonprofit entity devoted primarily to the selling 
and serving of alcoholic beverages for consumption by the public, guests, patrons, or members on the premises and in which th
e serving of 
food 
is only incidental.
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
g.
The total number of occupants for a single establishment comprising of a restaurant with an accessory bar shall be considered
as a restaurant 
for the purposes of determining the minimum number of plumbing fixtures.
h.
As per the 
New York City Building Code.
i.
The requirements for the number of water closets for a total occupancy of 150 persons or fewer shall not apply to bars except
that, subject to 
the requirements of Section 403.2.1, there shall be at least one 
water closet for men and at least one water closet for women or at least two 
single
-
occupant toilet rooms.
j.
The number of fixtures for building or nonaccessory tenant space used for assembly purposes by fewer than 75 persons and clas
sified as Group 
B occ
upancy in accordance with Section 303.1, Exception 2 of the 
New York City Building Code 
shall be permitted to be calculated in 
accordance with the requirements for Assembly occupancies.
k.
In addition to the requirements of Table 403.1, residential occupan
cies I
-
1, R
-
1, R
-
2, and R
-
3 shall provide fixtures in compliance with the 
requirements of Section 614 for emergency drinking water access.
m.
For business and mercantile occupancies with an occupant load of 15 or fewer, service sinks shall not be required.
n.
Libraries that are not classified as accessory to Group E per Section 304.1 of the 
New York City Building Code
shall comply with fixture counts 
for Group B occupancies.
403.1.1 Fixture calculations.
To determine the occupant load of each sex, the total
occupant load shall be divided 
in half
. To determine the required number of fixtures, the fixture ratio or ratios for each fixture type shall be 
applied to the occupant load of each sex in accordance with Table 403.1. 
Fractional numbers resulting from ap-
p
lying the fixture ratios of Table 403.1 shall be rounded up to the next whole number. For calculations involving 
multiple occupancies, such fractional numbers for each occupancy shall first be summed and then rounded up to 
the next whole number.
Fixture ca
lculations in Group B office occupancies shall utilize the total occupant load on 
a given floor to determine the number of fixtures required for that floor.
Exception: 
The total occupant load shall not be required to be divided in half where approved stati
stical data 
indicates a distribution of the sexes of other than 50 percent of each sex.
403.1.2 Family or assisted
-
use toilet and bath fixtures.
Fixtures located within family or assisted
-
use toilet and 
bathing rooms required by Section 1109.2.1 of the 
New
York City 
Building Code 
are permitted to be included in 
the number of required fixtures for either the male or female occupants in assembly and mercantile occupancies.
403.1.3 Single
-
occupant toilet fixtures. 
Fixtures located within single
-
occupant toilet
rooms are permitted to be 
included in the number of fixtures required by Section 403, or where applicable the 
1968 Building Code
, for either 
the male or the female occupants. Fixtures located within toilet rooms subject to the exception of Section 403.2.1
are permitted to be included in the number of fixtures required by Section 403, or where applicable the 
1968 Build-
ing Code
, only for that sex.
403.2 Separate facilities.
Where plumbing fixtures are required, separate facilities shall be provided for each 
sex.
Exceptions:
1.
Separate facilities shall not be required for dwelling units and sleeping units.
2.
In structures or tenant spaces where combined employee and public toilet facilities are provided in accord-
ance with Section 403.3, separate facilities 
shall not be required where the total number of employees, cus-
tomers, patrons and visitors is 30 or fewer.
3.
In structures or tenant spaces where required toilet facilities for only employee use are provided in accordance 
with Section 403.3, separate faci
lities shall not be required where the total number of employees is 30 or 
fewer.
4.
In structures or tenant spaces where required toilet facilities for only public use are provided in accordance 
with Section 403.3, separate facilities shall not be required
where the total number of customers, patrons and 
visitors is 30 or fewer.
‡‡‡
403.2.1 Family or assisted
-
use toilet facilities serving as separate facilities. 
Where a building or tenant 
space requires a separate toilet facility for each sex and each 
toilet facility is required to have only one water closet, 
two
-
family or assisted
-
use toilet facilities shall be permitted to serve as the required separate facilities. Family or 
assisted
-
use toilet facilities shall not be required to be identified for exc
lusive use by either sex as required by 
Section 403.4.
403.2.2 Single
-
occupant toilet rooms. 
All single
-
occupant toilet rooms shall be made available for use by persons 
of any sex. Existing toilet rooms shall comply with this section. Nothing in this secti
on shall be construed to affect 
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
or alter the number of toilet rooms in a building otherwise required pursuant to this code or where applicable the 
1968 Building Code
.
Exception: 
Where egress from a single
-
occupant toilet room is through a room permissibly 
restricted by sex.
403.3 Required employee and public toilet facilities.
Employees shall be provided with toilet facilities in all occu-
pancies. The number of plumbing fixtures located within the required employee toilet facilities shall be provided in 
acco
rdance with Section 403 for all employees. Customers, patrons and visitors shall be provided with public toilet 
facilities in structures and tenant spaces intended for public utilization. The number of plumbing fixtures located 
within the required public t
oilet facilities shall be provided in accordance with Section 403 for all customers, patrons 
and visitors. Employee and public toilet facilities may be separate or combined. Where combined facilities are pro-
vided, the number of plumbing fixtures shall be i
n accordance with Section 403 for all users. 
Exception:
Public utilization of toilet facilities shall not be required for:
1.
Food service establishments, as defined in Section 81.03 of the 
New York City Health Code
, with a seating 
capacity of less than 2
0, provided such establishments are less than 10,000 square feet (929 m
2
).
2.
Establishments less than 10,000 square feet (929 m
2
) classified as Occupancy Group B or M pursuant to 
Sections 304.1 and 309.1 of the 
New York City Building Code
, respectively, p
rovided however that this 
exception shall not apply to a building or nonaccessory tenant space used for assembly purposes by fewer 
than 75 persons and classified as a Group B occupancy in accordance with Section 303.1.2 of the 
New York 
City Building Code
.
403.3.1 Access.
The route to the public toilet facilities required by Section 403.3 shall not pass through kitchens, 
storage rooms or closets. Access to the required facilities shall be from within the building or from the exterior of 
the building.
Routes
shall comply with the accessibility requirements of the 
New York City 
Building Code
. 
The 
public
shall have access to the required toilet facilities at all times that the building is occupied.
403.3.2 Prohibited toilet room location.
Toilet rooms shall not 
open directly into a room used for the preparation 
of food for service to the public.
403.3.3 Location of toilet facilities in occupancies other than malls.
In occupancies other than covered and open 
mall buildings, the required public and employee toilet facilities shall be located not more than one story above or 
below the space required to be provided with toilet facilities, and the path of travel to such f
acilities shall not exceed 
a distance of 500 feet (152 m).
Exception: 
The location and maximum
distances of travel to required employee facilities in factory and indus-
trial occupancies are permitted to exceed that required by this section, provided that th
e location and maximum 
distance of travel are approved.
403.3.4 Location of toilet facilities in malls.
In covered and open mall buildings, the required public and employee 
toilet facilities shall be located not more than one story above or below the space
required to be provided with toilet 
facilities, and the path of travel to such facilities shall not exceed a distance of 300 feet (91 m). In
mall buildings, 
the required facilities shall be based on total square footage within a covered mall building or w
ithin the perimeter 
line of an open mall building, and facilities shall be installed in each individual store or in a central toilet area 
located in accordance with this section. The maximum distance of travel to central toilet facilities in mall buildings
shall be measured from the main entrance of any store or tenant space. In
mall buildings, where employees’ toilet 
facilities are not provided in the individual store, the maximum distance of travel shall be measured from the em-
ployees’ work area of the st
ore or tenant space.
403.3.5 Pay facilities.
Where pay facilities are installed, such facilities shall be in excess of
the required minimum 
facilities. Required facilities shall be free of charge.
403.3.6 Door locking. 
Where a toilet room is provided for the use of multiple occupants, the egress door for the 
room shall not be lockable from the inside of the room. This sec
tion does not apply to family or assisted
-
use toilet 
rooms.
403.4 Signage.
Required public facilities shall be designated by a legible sign for each sex or, for a single
-
occupant 
toilet room, for all sexes. Signs shall be readily visible and located near t
he entrance to each toilet facility. Existing 
single
-
occupant toilet rooms shall comply with this requirement.
‡‡‡ Chapter 4 was amended by 
Local Law 
77 
of 2023
. This law has an effective
 date of June 10, 2023.
CHAPTER 4 
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS 
SECTION 
PC 
401
GENERAL
401.1 Scope. 
This chapter shall govern the materials, design and installation of plumbing fixtures, faucets and fixture 
fittings in accordance with the type of occupancy, and shall provide for the minimum number of fixtures for various 
types of occupancies.
401.2 Prohibited fixtures and connections.
Water closets having a concealed trap seal or an unventilated space or 
having walls that are not thoroughly washed 
at each discharge in accordance with 
ASME 
A112.19.2/CSA B45.1 shall 
be prohibited. Any water closet that permits siphonage of the contents of the bowl back into the tank shall be prohib-
ited. Trough urinals shall be prohibited.
401.3 Water conservation.
The
maximum water flow rates and flush volume for plumbing fixtures and fixture fittings 
shall comply with Section 604.
SECTION 
PC
402
FIXTURE MATERIAL
402.1 Quality of fixtures.
Plumbing fixtures shall be constructed of approved materials, with smooth, imper
vious 
surfaces, free from defects and concealed fouling surfaces, and shall conform to standards cited in this code. All 
porcelain enameled surfaces on plumbing fixtures shall be acid resistant.
402.2 Materials for specialty fixtures.
Materials for special
ty fixtures not otherwise covered in this code shall be of 
stainless steel, soapstone, chemical stoneware or plastic, or shall be lined with lead, copper
-
base alloy, nickel
-
copper 
alloy, corrosion
-
resistant steel or other material especially suited to the application for which the fixture is intended.
402.3 Sheet copper.
Sheet copper for general applications shall conform to ASTM B 152 and shall not weigh less 
than 12 ounces per square foot (3.7 kg/m
2
).
402.4 Sheet lead.
Sheet lead for pans shall not weigh less than 4 pounds per square foot (19.5 kg/m
2
) and shall be 
coated with an asphalt paint or other approved coating.
SECTION 
PC 
403
MINIMUM PLUMBING FACILITIES
403.1 Minimum number of fixtures.
Plumbing fixtures shall be provided for the type of occupancy and in the min-
imum number shown in Table 403.1. Types of occupancies not shown in Table 403.1 shall be considered individually 
by the 
commissioner.
The number of occupants shall be determined by the 
New York City 
Building Code
. 
Occupancy 
classification sha
ll be determined in accordance with the 
New York City Building Code
.   
TABLE 403.1
MINIMUM NUMBER OF REQUIRED PLUMBING FIXTURES
a 
(See Sections 403.1.1 and 403.2)
NO.
CLASSIFICATION
OCCUPANCY
h
DESCRIPTION
WATER CLOSETS
(URINALS: SEE SECTION 419.2)
LAVATORIES 
BATHTUBS
/ 
SHOWERS
DRINKING 
FOUNTAIN 
(SEE 
SECTION 
410
e
)
OTHER
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
MALE
FEMALE
MALE
FEMALE
1
Assembly
A
-
1
d
Theaters and other 
buildings
for the per-
forming arts and mo-
tion pictures
1 per 70 for 
the first 210 
and 1 per 
125 
for the 
remainder 
exceeding 
210
1 per 35 for 
the first 210 
and 1 per 65 
for the re-
mainder 
ex-
ceeding 210
1 per 200
—
1 per 500
1 service 
sink
A
-
2
d
Nightclubs, bars
f
, 
taverns, dance halls 
and buildings
for 
similar purposes
1 per 75
i
1 per 40
i
1 per 75
—
1 per 
500
1 service 
sink
Restaurants
g
, ban-
quet halls
and food courts
1 per 75
1 per 75
1 per 200
—
1 per 500
1 service 
sink
A
-
3
d
Auditoriums without 
permanent seating, 
art galleries, exhibi-
tion halls, museums, 
lecture halls, arcades 
and 
gymnasiums
1 per 70 for 
the first 210 
and 1 per 
125 
for the 
remainder 
exceeding 
210
1 per 35 for 
the first 210 
and 1 per 65 
for the re-
mainder 
ex-
ceeding 210
1 per 200
—
1 per 500
1 service 
sink
Passenger terminals 
and transportation 
facilities
1 per 
500
1 per 500
1 per 750
—
1 per 1,000
1 service 
sink
Places of worship 
and other religious 
services
1 per 150
1 per 75
1 per 200
—
1 per 1,000
1 service 
sink
A
-
4
Coliseums, arenas, 
skating 
rinks, pools 
and 
tennis 
courts for 
indoor sporting 
events and activities
1 per 75 for 
the first 
1,500 and 1 
per 120 for 
the remainder 
exceeding 
1,500
1 per 40
for 
the first 
1,520 
and
1 per 60 
for the re-
mainder ex-
ceeding 
1,520
1 per
200
1 per
150
—
1 per 1,000
1 service 
sink
A
-
5
Stadiums, 
amuse-
ment parks, bleach-
ers and grandstands 
for outdoor sporting 
events and activities
1 per 75 for 
the
first 
1
,500 and      
1 per 120 for 
the remainder 
exceeding 
1,500
1 per 40 for 
the first 1,520 
and 1 per 60 
for the re-
mainder ex-
ceeding 1,520
1 per 
200
1 
per 
150
—
1 per 1,000
1 service 
sink
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
2
Business
B
j, n
Buildings for the 
transaction
of busi-
ness, professional 
services, other       
services 
including 
merchandise
, office 
buildings
, banks, 
light industrial and 
similar uses
No. of persons for        No. of
each sex          
fixtures
1
–
20                  
1
21
–
45                  
2
46
–
70                  
3
71
–
100                  
4
101
–
140                  5
141
–
190                  6
1 fixture for each additional 
50 persons
No
. of   No. of
persons fix-
tures
for      each        
f                                                    
sex            
f
1
–
25               
1
26
–
50             
2
51
–
75             
3
76
–
115           
4
116
–
160         
5
1 fixture for 
each 
additional 
60 persons
—
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
m
3
Educational
E
Educational facili-
ties, including librar-
ies accessory to 
Group E
1 per 50
1 per 50
—
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
4
Factory and
industrial
F
-
1 and F
-
2
Structures in which 
occupants are 
en-
gaged in work fabri-
cating, assembly or 
processing of prod-
ucts or materials
1 per 100
1 per 100
(see     
Section
411)
1 per 400
1 service 
sink
5
Institutional
I
-
1
k
Residential care
1 per 10
1 per 10
1 per 8
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
I
-
2
Hospitals, 
ambulatory nursing 
home care recipient
1 per room
c
1 per room
c
1 per 15
1 per 100
1 service 
sink per 
floor
Employees, other 
than residential care
b
1 per 25
1 per 35
—
1 per 100
—
Visitors, other than 
residential
care
1 per 75
1 per 
100
—
1 per 500
—
I
-
3
Prisons
b
1 per cell
1 per cell
1 per 15
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
Reformatories, 
de-
tention
centers, and 
correctional 
centers
b
1 per 15
1 per 15
1 per 15
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
Employees
b
1 per 25
1 per 35
—
1 per 100
—
I
-
4
Adult day care and 
child day care
1 per 15
1 per 15
1 per 15
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
6
Mercantile
M
Retail stores, service 
stations, shops, 
salesrooms, markets 
and 
shopping
centers
1 per 500
1 per 750
—
1 per 1,000
1 service 
sink
m
7
Residential
R
-
1
k
Hotels, motels, 
boarding houses 
(transient)
1 per g
uestroom
1 per g
ues-
troom
1 per 
g
uestroom
—
1 service 
sink
R
-
1
k
Dormitories, 
frater-
nities
, sororities
and boarding 
houses (not 
transi-
ent
)
1 per 10
1 per 10
1 per 8
1 per 100
1 
service 
sink
R
-
2
k
Apartment house
1 per dwelling unit
1 per dwelling 
unit
1 per
dwelling
unit
—
1 kitchen 
sink per 
dwelling 
unit; 1 
automatic
clothes 
washer 
connection
per 20 
dwelling 
units
R
-
3
One
-
and two
-
family
dwellings and lodg-
ing houses with five 
or fewer 
guestrooms
1 per dwelling unit
1 per dwelling 
unit
1 per 
dwelling
unit
—
1 kitchen 
sink per 
dwelling 
unit; 1 
automatic
clothes 
washer 
connection
per 
dwelling 
unit
R
-
3
k
Congregate living 
fa-
cilities with 16 or 
fewer persons
1 per 10
1 per 10
1 per 8
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
8
Storage
S
-
1
S
-
2
Structures for the 
storage of goods, 
warehouses, 
store-
house
and freight de-
pots. Low and Mod-
erate Hazard.
1 per 100
1 per 100
See
Section 
411
1 per 
1,000
1 service 
sink
a. 
The fixtures shown are based on one fixture being the minimum required for the number of persons indicated
. Any
fraction of the number of 
persons 
requires an additional fixture.
The number of occupants shall be determined by the 
New York City
Building Code
.
b.
Toilet facilities for employees shall be separate from facilities for inmates or 
care recipients
.
c.
A single
-
occupant toilet room with one water closet and one lavatory se
rving not more than two adjacent patient sleeping units shall be 
permitted 
where such room is pro
vided with direct access from 
each patient sleeping unit and 
with provisions
for privacy.
d.
The occupant load for seasonal outdoor seating and entertainment a
reas shall be included when determining the minimum number of facilities 
required.
e.
The minimum number of required drinking foundations shall comply with Table 403.1 and Chapter 11 of the 
New York City Building Code.
f.
For the purposes of this table onl
y, “Bar” shall mean a business establishment or a portion of a nonprofit entity devoted primarily to the selling 
and serving of alcoholic beverages for consumption by the public, guests, patrons, or members on the premises and in which th
e serving of 
food 
is only incidental.
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
g.
The total number of occupants for a single establishment comprising of a restaurant with an accessory bar shall be considered
as a restaurant 
for the purposes of determining the minimum number of plumbing fixtures.
h.
As per the 
New York City Building Code.
i.
The requirements for the number of water closets for a total occupancy of 150 persons or fewer shall not apply to bars except
that, subject to 
the requirements of Section 403.2.1, there shall be at least one 
water closet for men and at least one water closet for women or at least two 
single
-
occupant toilet rooms.
j.
The number of fixtures for building or nonaccessory tenant space used for assembly purposes by fewer than 75 persons and clas
sified as Group 
B occ
upancy in accordance with Section 303.1, Exception 2 of the 
New York City Building Code 
shall be permitted to be calculated in 
accordance with the requirements for Assembly occupancies.
k.
In addition to the requirements of Table 403.1, residential occupan
cies I
-
1, R
-
1, R
-
2, and R
-
3 shall provide fixtures in compliance with the 
requirements of Section 614 for emergency drinking water access.
m.
For business and mercantile occupancies with an occupant load of 15 or fewer, service sinks shall not be required.
n.
Libraries that are not classified as accessory to Group E per Section 304.1 of the 
New York City Building Code
shall comply with fixture counts 
for Group B occupancies.
403.1.1 Fixture calculations.
To determine the occupant load of each sex, the total
occupant load shall be divided 
in half
. To determine the required number of fixtures, the fixture ratio or ratios for each fixture type shall be 
applied to the occupant load of each sex in accordance with Table 403.1. 
Fractional numbers resulting from ap-
p
lying the fixture ratios of Table 403.1 shall be rounded up to the next whole number. For calculations involving 
multiple occupancies, such fractional numbers for each occupancy shall first be summed and then rounded up to 
the next whole number.
Fixture ca
lculations in Group B office occupancies shall utilize the total occupant load on 
a given floor to determine the number of fixtures required for that floor.
Exception: 
The total occupant load shall not be required to be divided in half where approved stati
stical data 
indicates a distribution of the sexes of other than 50 percent of each sex.
403.1.2 Family or assisted
-
use toilet and bath fixtures.
Fixtures located within family or assisted
-
use toilet and 
bathing rooms required by Section 1109.2.1 of the 
New
York City 
Building Code 
are permitted to be included in 
the number of required fixtures for either the male or female occupants in assembly and mercantile occupancies.
403.1.3 Single
-
occupant toilet fixtures. 
Fixtures located within single
-
occupant toilet
rooms are permitted to be 
included in the number of fixtures required by Section 403, or where applicable the 
1968 Building Code
, for either 
the male or the female occupants. Fixtures located within toilet rooms subject to the exception of Section 403.2.1
are permitted to be included in the number of fixtures required by Section 403, or where applicable the 
1968 Build-
ing Code
, only for that sex.
403.2 Separate facilities.
Where plumbing fixtures are required, separate facilities shall be provided for each 
sex.
Exceptions:
1.
Separate facilities shall not be required for dwelling units and sleeping units.
2.
In structures or tenant spaces where combined employee and public toilet facilities are provided in accord-
ance with Section 403.3, separate facilities 
shall not be required where the total number of employees, cus-
tomers, patrons and visitors is 30 or fewer.
3.
In structures or tenant spaces where required toilet facilities for only employee use are provided in accordance 
with Section 403.3, separate faci
lities shall not be required where the total number of employees is 30 or 
fewer.
4.
In structures or tenant spaces where required toilet facilities for only public use are provided in accordance 
with Section 403.3, separate facilities shall not be required
where the total number of customers, patrons and 
visitors is 30 or fewer.
‡‡‡
403.2.1 Family or assisted
-
use toilet facilities serving as separate facilities. 
Where a building or tenant 
space requires a separate toilet facility for each sex and each 
toilet facility is required to have only one water closet, 
two
-
family or assisted
-
use toilet facilities shall be permitted to serve as the required separate facilities. Family or 
assisted
-
use toilet facilities shall not be required to be identified for exc
lusive use by either sex as required by 
Section 403.4.
403.2.2 Single
-
occupant toilet rooms. 
All single
-
occupant toilet rooms shall be made available for use by persons 
of any sex. Existing toilet rooms shall comply with this section. Nothing in this secti
on shall be construed to affect 
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
or alter the number of toilet rooms in a building otherwise required pursuant to this code or where applicable the 
1968 Building Code
.
Exception: 
Where egress from a single
-
occupant toilet room is through a room permissibly 
restricted by sex.
403.3 Required employee and public toilet facilities.
Employees shall be provided with toilet facilities in all occu-
pancies. The number of plumbing fixtures located within the required employee toilet facilities shall be provided in 
acco
rdance with Section 403 for all employees. Customers, patrons and visitors shall be provided with public toilet 
facilities in structures and tenant spaces intended for public utilization. The number of plumbing fixtures located 
within the required public t
oilet facilities shall be provided in accordance with Section 403 for all customers, patrons 
and visitors. Employee and public toilet facilities may be separate or combined. Where combined facilities are pro-
vided, the number of plumbing fixtures shall be i
n accordance with Section 403 for all users. 
Exception:
Public utilization of toilet facilities shall not be required for:
1.
Food service establishments, as defined in Section 81.03 of the 
New York City Health Code
, with a seating 
capacity of less than 2
0, provided such establishments are less than 10,000 square feet (929 m
2
).
2.
Establishments less than 10,000 square feet (929 m
2
) classified as Occupancy Group B or M pursuant to 
Sections 304.1 and 309.1 of the 
New York City Building Code
, respectively, p
rovided however that this 
exception shall not apply to a building or nonaccessory tenant space used for assembly purposes by fewer 
than 75 persons and classified as a Group B occupancy in accordance with Section 303.1.2 of the 
New York 
City Building Code
.
403.3.1 Access.
The route to the public toilet facilities required by Section 403.3 shall not pass through kitchens, 
storage rooms or closets. Access to the required facilities shall be from within the building or from the exterior of 
the building.
Routes
shall comply with the accessibility requirements of the 
New York City 
Building Code
. 
The 
public
shall have access to the required toilet facilities at all times that the building is occupied.
403.3.2 Prohibited toilet room location.
Toilet rooms shall not 
open directly into a room used for the preparation 
of food for service to the public.
403.3.3 Location of toilet facilities in occupancies other than malls.
In occupancies other than covered and open 
mall buildings, the required public and employee toilet facilities shall be located not more than one story above or 
below the space required to be provided with toilet facilities, and the path of travel to such f
acilities shall not exceed 
a distance of 500 feet (152 m).
Exception: 
The location and maximum
distances of travel to required employee facilities in factory and indus-
trial occupancies are permitted to exceed that required by this section, provided that th
e location and maximum 
distance of travel are approved.
403.3.4 Location of toilet facilities in malls.
In covered and open mall buildings, the required public and employee 
toilet facilities shall be located not more than one story above or below the space
required to be provided with toilet 
facilities, and the path of travel to such facilities shall not exceed a distance of 300 feet (91 m). In
mall buildings, 
the required facilities shall be based on total square footage within a covered mall building or w
ithin the perimeter 
line of an open mall building, and facilities shall be installed in each individual store or in a central toilet area 
located in accordance with this section. The maximum distance of travel to central toilet facilities in mall buildings
shall be measured from the main entrance of any store or tenant space. In
mall buildings, where employees’ toilet 
facilities are not provided in the individual store, the maximum distance of travel shall be measured from the em-
ployees’ work area of the st
ore or tenant space.
403.3.5 Pay facilities.
Where pay facilities are installed, such facilities shall be in excess of
the required minimum 
facilities. Required facilities shall be free of charge.
403.3.6 Door locking. 
Where a toilet room is provided for the use of multiple occupants, the egress door for the 
room shall not be lockable from the inside of the room. This sec
tion does not apply to family or assisted
-
use toilet 
rooms.
403.4 Signage.
Required public facilities shall be designated by a legible sign for each sex or, for a single
-
occupant 
toilet room, for all sexes. Signs shall be readily visible and located near t
he entrance to each toilet facility. Existing 
single
-
occupant toilet rooms shall comply with this requirement.
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
403.4.1 Directional signage.
Directional signage indicating the route to the required public toilet facilities shall be 
posted in 
accordance with
Section 1110 of the New York City Building Code. Such signage shall be located in 
a 
lobby, corridor, aisle or similar space, such that the sign can be readily seen from the main entrance to the 
building 
or tenant space
.
403.5 Drinking fountain location. 
D
rinking fountains shall not be required to be located in individual tenant spaces 
provided that public drinking fountains are located on each story within a distance of travel of 500 feet (152 m) of the 
most remote location in the tenant space on such stor
y. Where the tenant space is in a covered or open mall, such 
distance shall not exceed 300 feet (91 m). Drinking fountains shall be located on an accessible route.
SECTION 
PC
404
ACCESSIBLE PLUMBING FACILITIES
404.1 Where required.
Accessible plumbing faci
lities and fixtures shall be provided in accordance with the 
New 
York City 
Building Code
.
404.2 Accessible fixture requirements. 
Accessible plumbing fixtures shall be installed with the clearances, heights, 
spacings and arrangements in accordance with ICC 
A117.1.
404.3 Exposed pipes and surfaces. 
Water supply and drain pipes under accessible lavatories and sinks shall be cov-
ered or otherwise configured to protect against contact. Pipe coverings shall comply with ASME A112.18.9.
SECTION PC 405
INSTALLATION O
F FIXTURES
405.1 Water supply protection.
The supply lines and fittings for every plumbing fixture shall be installed so as to 
prevent backflow.
405.2 Access for cleaning.
Plumbing fixtures shall be installed so as to
afford easy access for cleaning both the fixture 
and the area around the fixture.
405.3 Setting.
Fixtures shall be set level and in proper alignment with reference to adjacent walls.
405.3.1 Water closets, urinals, lavatories and bidets.
A water closet, u
rinal, lavatory or bidet shall not be set 
closer than 15 inches (381 mm) from its center to any side wall, partition, vanity or other obstruction, or closer than 
30 inches (762 mm) center to center between adjacent fixtures. There shall be 
not less than
a 
21
-
inch (533 mm) 
clearance in front of the water closet, urinal, lavatory or bidet to any wall, fixture or door. Water closet compart-
ments shall be not less than 30 inches (762 mm) 
in width
and not less than 60 inches (1524 mm) in depth for floor
-
mounted w
ater closets and not less than 30 inches (762 mm) in width and 56 inches (1422 mm) in depth for wall
-
hung water closets.
405.3.2 Public lavatories.
In employee and public toilet rooms, the required lavatory shall be located in the same 
room as the required
water closet.
405.3.3 Location of fixtures and piping. 
Piping, fixtures or equipment shall not be located in such a manner as to 
interfere with the normal operation of windows, doors or other means of egress openings.
405.3.4 Water closet compartment. 
Eac
h water closet utilized by the public or employees shall occupy a separate 
compartment with walls or partitions and a door enclosing the fixtures to ensure privacy.
Exceptions:
1.
Water closet compartments shall not be required in a single
-
occupant toile
t room with a lockable door.
2.
Toilet rooms located in child day care facilities and containing two or more water closets shall be permitted 
to have one water closet without an enclosing compartment.
3.
Toilet areas located within Group I
-
3 housing areas.
‡‡‡ Chapter 4 was amended by 
Local Law 
77 
of 2023
. This law has an effective
 date of June 10, 2023.
CHAPTER 4 
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS 
SECTION 
PC 
401
GENERAL
401.1 Scope. 
This chapter shall govern the materials, design and installation of plumbing fixtures, faucets and fixture 
fittings in accordance with the type of occupancy, and shall provide for the minimum number of fixtures for various 
types of occupancies.
401.2 Prohibited fixtures and connections.
Water closets having a concealed trap seal or an unventilated space or 
having walls that are not thoroughly washed 
at each discharge in accordance with 
ASME 
A112.19.2/CSA B45.1 shall 
be prohibited. Any water closet that permits siphonage of the contents of the bowl back into the tank shall be prohib-
ited. Trough urinals shall be prohibited.
401.3 Water conservation.
The
maximum water flow rates and flush volume for plumbing fixtures and fixture fittings 
shall comply with Section 604.
SECTION 
PC
402
FIXTURE MATERIAL
402.1 Quality of fixtures.
Plumbing fixtures shall be constructed of approved materials, with smooth, imper
vious 
surfaces, free from defects and concealed fouling surfaces, and shall conform to standards cited in this code. All 
porcelain enameled surfaces on plumbing fixtures shall be acid resistant.
402.2 Materials for specialty fixtures.
Materials for special
ty fixtures not otherwise covered in this code shall be of 
stainless steel, soapstone, chemical stoneware or plastic, or shall be lined with lead, copper
-
base alloy, nickel
-
copper 
alloy, corrosion
-
resistant steel or other material especially suited to the application for which the fixture is intended.
402.3 Sheet copper.
Sheet copper for general applications shall conform to ASTM B 152 and shall not weigh less 
than 12 ounces per square foot (3.7 kg/m
2
).
402.4 Sheet lead.
Sheet lead for pans shall not weigh less than 4 pounds per square foot (19.5 kg/m
2
) and shall be 
coated with an asphalt paint or other approved coating.
SECTION 
PC 
403
MINIMUM PLUMBING FACILITIES
403.1 Minimum number of fixtures.
Plumbing fixtures shall be provided for the type of occupancy and in the min-
imum number shown in Table 403.1. Types of occupancies not shown in Table 403.1 shall be considered individually 
by the 
commissioner.
The number of occupants shall be determined by the 
New York City 
Building Code
. 
Occupancy 
classification sha
ll be determined in accordance with the 
New York City Building Code
.   
TABLE 403.1
MINIMUM NUMBER OF REQUIRED PLUMBING FIXTURES
a 
(See Sections 403.1.1 and 403.2)
NO.
CLASSIFICATION
OCCUPANCY
h
DESCRIPTION
WATER CLOSETS
(URINALS: SEE SECTION 419.2)
LAVATORIES 
BATHTUBS
/ 
SHOWERS
DRINKING 
FOUNTAIN 
(SEE 
SECTION 
410
e
)
OTHER
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
MALE
FEMALE
MALE
FEMALE
1
Assembly
A
-
1
d
Theaters and other 
buildings
for the per-
forming arts and mo-
tion pictures
1 per 70 for 
the first 210 
and 1 per 
125 
for the 
remainder 
exceeding 
210
1 per 35 for 
the first 210 
and 1 per 65 
for the re-
mainder 
ex-
ceeding 210
1 per 200
—
1 per 500
1 service 
sink
A
-
2
d
Nightclubs, bars
f
, 
taverns, dance halls 
and buildings
for 
similar purposes
1 per 75
i
1 per 40
i
1 per 75
—
1 per 
500
1 service 
sink
Restaurants
g
, ban-
quet halls
and food courts
1 per 75
1 per 75
1 per 200
—
1 per 500
1 service 
sink
A
-
3
d
Auditoriums without 
permanent seating, 
art galleries, exhibi-
tion halls, museums, 
lecture halls, arcades 
and 
gymnasiums
1 per 70 for 
the first 210 
and 1 per 
125 
for the 
remainder 
exceeding 
210
1 per 35 for 
the first 210 
and 1 per 65 
for the re-
mainder 
ex-
ceeding 210
1 per 200
—
1 per 500
1 service 
sink
Passenger terminals 
and transportation 
facilities
1 per 
500
1 per 500
1 per 750
—
1 per 1,000
1 service 
sink
Places of worship 
and other religious 
services
1 per 150
1 per 75
1 per 200
—
1 per 1,000
1 service 
sink
A
-
4
Coliseums, arenas, 
skating 
rinks, pools 
and 
tennis 
courts for 
indoor sporting 
events and activities
1 per 75 for 
the first 
1,500 and 1 
per 120 for 
the remainder 
exceeding 
1,500
1 per 40
for 
the first 
1,520 
and
1 per 60 
for the re-
mainder ex-
ceeding 
1,520
1 per
200
1 per
150
—
1 per 1,000
1 service 
sink
A
-
5
Stadiums, 
amuse-
ment parks, bleach-
ers and grandstands 
for outdoor sporting 
events and activities
1 per 75 for 
the
first 
1
,500 and      
1 per 120 for 
the remainder 
exceeding 
1,500
1 per 40 for 
the first 1,520 
and 1 per 60 
for the re-
mainder ex-
ceeding 1,520
1 per 
200
1 
per 
150
—
1 per 1,000
1 service 
sink
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
2
Business
B
j, n
Buildings for the 
transaction
of busi-
ness, professional 
services, other       
services 
including 
merchandise
, office 
buildings
, banks, 
light industrial and 
similar uses
No. of persons for        No. of
each sex          
fixtures
1
–
20                  
1
21
–
45                  
2
46
–
70                  
3
71
–
100                  
4
101
–
140                  5
141
–
190                  6
1 fixture for each additional 
50 persons
No
. of   No. of
persons fix-
tures
for      each        
f                                                    
sex            
f
1
–
25               
1
26
–
50             
2
51
–
75             
3
76
–
115           
4
116
–
160         
5
1 fixture for 
each 
additional 
60 persons
—
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
m
3
Educational
E
Educational facili-
ties, including librar-
ies accessory to 
Group E
1 per 50
1 per 50
—
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
4
Factory and
industrial
F
-
1 and F
-
2
Structures in which 
occupants are 
en-
gaged in work fabri-
cating, assembly or 
processing of prod-
ucts or materials
1 per 100
1 per 100
(see     
Section
411)
1 per 400
1 service 
sink
5
Institutional
I
-
1
k
Residential care
1 per 10
1 per 10
1 per 8
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
I
-
2
Hospitals, 
ambulatory nursing 
home care recipient
1 per room
c
1 per room
c
1 per 15
1 per 100
1 service 
sink per 
floor
Employees, other 
than residential care
b
1 per 25
1 per 35
—
1 per 100
—
Visitors, other than 
residential
care
1 per 75
1 per 
100
—
1 per 500
—
I
-
3
Prisons
b
1 per cell
1 per cell
1 per 15
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
Reformatories, 
de-
tention
centers, and 
correctional 
centers
b
1 per 15
1 per 15
1 per 15
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
Employees
b
1 per 25
1 per 35
—
1 per 100
—
I
-
4
Adult day care and 
child day care
1 per 15
1 per 15
1 per 15
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
6
Mercantile
M
Retail stores, service 
stations, shops, 
salesrooms, markets 
and 
shopping
centers
1 per 500
1 per 750
—
1 per 1,000
1 service 
sink
m
7
Residential
R
-
1
k
Hotels, motels, 
boarding houses 
(transient)
1 per g
uestroom
1 per g
ues-
troom
1 per 
g
uestroom
—
1 service 
sink
R
-
1
k
Dormitories, 
frater-
nities
, sororities
and boarding 
houses (not 
transi-
ent
)
1 per 10
1 per 10
1 per 8
1 per 100
1 
service 
sink
R
-
2
k
Apartment house
1 per dwelling unit
1 per dwelling 
unit
1 per
dwelling
unit
—
1 kitchen 
sink per 
dwelling 
unit; 1 
automatic
clothes 
washer 
connection
per 20 
dwelling 
units
R
-
3
One
-
and two
-
family
dwellings and lodg-
ing houses with five 
or fewer 
guestrooms
1 per dwelling unit
1 per dwelling 
unit
1 per 
dwelling
unit
—
1 kitchen 
sink per 
dwelling 
unit; 1 
automatic
clothes 
washer 
connection
per 
dwelling 
unit
R
-
3
k
Congregate living 
fa-
cilities with 16 or 
fewer persons
1 per 10
1 per 10
1 per 8
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
8
Storage
S
-
1
S
-
2
Structures for the 
storage of goods, 
warehouses, 
store-
house
and freight de-
pots. Low and Mod-
erate Hazard.
1 per 100
1 per 100
See
Section 
411
1 per 
1,000
1 service 
sink
a. 
The fixtures shown are based on one fixture being the minimum required for the number of persons indicated
. Any
fraction of the number of 
persons 
requires an additional fixture.
The number of occupants shall be determined by the 
New York City
Building Code
.
b.
Toilet facilities for employees shall be separate from facilities for inmates or 
care recipients
.
c.
A single
-
occupant toilet room with one water closet and one lavatory se
rving not more than two adjacent patient sleeping units shall be 
permitted 
where such room is pro
vided with direct access from 
each patient sleeping unit and 
with provisions
for privacy.
d.
The occupant load for seasonal outdoor seating and entertainment a
reas shall be included when determining the minimum number of facilities 
required.
e.
The minimum number of required drinking foundations shall comply with Table 403.1 and Chapter 11 of the 
New York City Building Code.
f.
For the purposes of this table onl
y, “Bar” shall mean a business establishment or a portion of a nonprofit entity devoted primarily to the selling 
and serving of alcoholic beverages for consumption by the public, guests, patrons, or members on the premises and in which th
e serving of 
food 
is only incidental.
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
g.
The total number of occupants for a single establishment comprising of a restaurant with an accessory bar shall be considered
as a restaurant 
for the purposes of determining the minimum number of plumbing fixtures.
h.
As per the 
New York City Building Code.
i.
The requirements for the number of water closets for a total occupancy of 150 persons or fewer shall not apply to bars except
that, subject to 
the requirements of Section 403.2.1, there shall be at least one 
water closet for men and at least one water closet for women or at least two 
single
-
occupant toilet rooms.
j.
The number of fixtures for building or nonaccessory tenant space used for assembly purposes by fewer than 75 persons and clas
sified as Group 
B occ
upancy in accordance with Section 303.1, Exception 2 of the 
New York City Building Code 
shall be permitted to be calculated in 
accordance with the requirements for Assembly occupancies.
k.
In addition to the requirements of Table 403.1, residential occupan
cies I
-
1, R
-
1, R
-
2, and R
-
3 shall provide fixtures in compliance with the 
requirements of Section 614 for emergency drinking water access.
m.
For business and mercantile occupancies with an occupant load of 15 or fewer, service sinks shall not be required.
n.
Libraries that are not classified as accessory to Group E per Section 304.1 of the 
New York City Building Code
shall comply with fixture counts 
for Group B occupancies.
403.1.1 Fixture calculations.
To determine the occupant load of each sex, the total
occupant load shall be divided 
in half
. To determine the required number of fixtures, the fixture ratio or ratios for each fixture type shall be 
applied to the occupant load of each sex in accordance with Table 403.1. 
Fractional numbers resulting from ap-
p
lying the fixture ratios of Table 403.1 shall be rounded up to the next whole number. For calculations involving 
multiple occupancies, such fractional numbers for each occupancy shall first be summed and then rounded up to 
the next whole number.
Fixture ca
lculations in Group B office occupancies shall utilize the total occupant load on 
a given floor to determine the number of fixtures required for that floor.
Exception: 
The total occupant load shall not be required to be divided in half where approved stati
stical data 
indicates a distribution of the sexes of other than 50 percent of each sex.
403.1.2 Family or assisted
-
use toilet and bath fixtures.
Fixtures located within family or assisted
-
use toilet and 
bathing rooms required by Section 1109.2.1 of the 
New
York City 
Building Code 
are permitted to be included in 
the number of required fixtures for either the male or female occupants in assembly and mercantile occupancies.
403.1.3 Single
-
occupant toilet fixtures. 
Fixtures located within single
-
occupant toilet
rooms are permitted to be 
included in the number of fixtures required by Section 403, or where applicable the 
1968 Building Code
, for either 
the male or the female occupants. Fixtures located within toilet rooms subject to the exception of Section 403.2.1
are permitted to be included in the number of fixtures required by Section 403, or where applicable the 
1968 Build-
ing Code
, only for that sex.
403.2 Separate facilities.
Where plumbing fixtures are required, separate facilities shall be provided for each 
sex.
Exceptions:
1.
Separate facilities shall not be required for dwelling units and sleeping units.
2.
In structures or tenant spaces where combined employee and public toilet facilities are provided in accord-
ance with Section 403.3, separate facilities 
shall not be required where the total number of employees, cus-
tomers, patrons and visitors is 30 or fewer.
3.
In structures or tenant spaces where required toilet facilities for only employee use are provided in accordance 
with Section 403.3, separate faci
lities shall not be required where the total number of employees is 30 or 
fewer.
4.
In structures or tenant spaces where required toilet facilities for only public use are provided in accordance 
with Section 403.3, separate facilities shall not be required
where the total number of customers, patrons and 
visitors is 30 or fewer.
‡‡‡
403.2.1 Family or assisted
-
use toilet facilities serving as separate facilities. 
Where a building or tenant 
space requires a separate toilet facility for each sex and each 
toilet facility is required to have only one water closet, 
two
-
family or assisted
-
use toilet facilities shall be permitted to serve as the required separate facilities. Family or 
assisted
-
use toilet facilities shall not be required to be identified for exc
lusive use by either sex as required by 
Section 403.4.
403.2.2 Single
-
occupant toilet rooms. 
All single
-
occupant toilet rooms shall be made available for use by persons 
of any sex. Existing toilet rooms shall comply with this section. Nothing in this secti
on shall be construed to affect 
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
or alter the number of toilet rooms in a building otherwise required pursuant to this code or where applicable the 
1968 Building Code
.
Exception: 
Where egress from a single
-
occupant toilet room is through a room permissibly 
restricted by sex.
403.3 Required employee and public toilet facilities.
Employees shall be provided with toilet facilities in all occu-
pancies. The number of plumbing fixtures located within the required employee toilet facilities shall be provided in 
acco
rdance with Section 403 for all employees. Customers, patrons and visitors shall be provided with public toilet 
facilities in structures and tenant spaces intended for public utilization. The number of plumbing fixtures located 
within the required public t
oilet facilities shall be provided in accordance with Section 403 for all customers, patrons 
and visitors. Employee and public toilet facilities may be separate or combined. Where combined facilities are pro-
vided, the number of plumbing fixtures shall be i
n accordance with Section 403 for all users. 
Exception:
Public utilization of toilet facilities shall not be required for:
1.
Food service establishments, as defined in Section 81.03 of the 
New York City Health Code
, with a seating 
capacity of less than 2
0, provided such establishments are less than 10,000 square feet (929 m
2
).
2.
Establishments less than 10,000 square feet (929 m
2
) classified as Occupancy Group B or M pursuant to 
Sections 304.1 and 309.1 of the 
New York City Building Code
, respectively, p
rovided however that this 
exception shall not apply to a building or nonaccessory tenant space used for assembly purposes by fewer 
than 75 persons and classified as a Group B occupancy in accordance with Section 303.1.2 of the 
New York 
City Building Code
.
403.3.1 Access.
The route to the public toilet facilities required by Section 403.3 shall not pass through kitchens, 
storage rooms or closets. Access to the required facilities shall be from within the building or from the exterior of 
the building.
Routes
shall comply with the accessibility requirements of the 
New York City 
Building Code
. 
The 
public
shall have access to the required toilet facilities at all times that the building is occupied.
403.3.2 Prohibited toilet room location.
Toilet rooms shall not 
open directly into a room used for the preparation 
of food for service to the public.
403.3.3 Location of toilet facilities in occupancies other than malls.
In occupancies other than covered and open 
mall buildings, the required public and employee toilet facilities shall be located not more than one story above or 
below the space required to be provided with toilet facilities, and the path of travel to such f
acilities shall not exceed 
a distance of 500 feet (152 m).
Exception: 
The location and maximum
distances of travel to required employee facilities in factory and indus-
trial occupancies are permitted to exceed that required by this section, provided that th
e location and maximum 
distance of travel are approved.
403.3.4 Location of toilet facilities in malls.
In covered and open mall buildings, the required public and employee 
toilet facilities shall be located not more than one story above or below the space
required to be provided with toilet 
facilities, and the path of travel to such facilities shall not exceed a distance of 300 feet (91 m). In
mall buildings, 
the required facilities shall be based on total square footage within a covered mall building or w
ithin the perimeter 
line of an open mall building, and facilities shall be installed in each individual store or in a central toilet area 
located in accordance with this section. The maximum distance of travel to central toilet facilities in mall buildings
shall be measured from the main entrance of any store or tenant space. In
mall buildings, where employees’ toilet 
facilities are not provided in the individual store, the maximum distance of travel shall be measured from the em-
ployees’ work area of the st
ore or tenant space.
403.3.5 Pay facilities.
Where pay facilities are installed, such facilities shall be in excess of
the required minimum 
facilities. Required facilities shall be free of charge.
403.3.6 Door locking. 
Where a toilet room is provided for the use of multiple occupants, the egress door for the 
room shall not be lockable from the inside of the room. This sec
tion does not apply to family or assisted
-
use toilet 
rooms.
403.4 Signage.
Required public facilities shall be designated by a legible sign for each sex or, for a single
-
occupant 
toilet room, for all sexes. Signs shall be readily visible and located near t
he entrance to each toilet facility. Existing 
single
-
occupant toilet rooms shall comply with this requirement.
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
403.4.1 Directional signage.
Directional signage indicating the route to the required public toilet facilities shall be 
posted in 
accordance with
Section 1110 of the New York City Building Code. Such signage shall be located in 
a 
lobby, corridor, aisle or similar space, such that the sign can be readily seen from the main entrance to the 
building 
or tenant space
.
403.5 Drinking fountain location. 
D
rinking fountains shall not be required to be located in individual tenant spaces 
provided that public drinking fountains are located on each story within a distance of travel of 500 feet (152 m) of the 
most remote location in the tenant space on such stor
y. Where the tenant space is in a covered or open mall, such 
distance shall not exceed 300 feet (91 m). Drinking fountains shall be located on an accessible route.
SECTION 
PC
404
ACCESSIBLE PLUMBING FACILITIES
404.1 Where required.
Accessible plumbing faci
lities and fixtures shall be provided in accordance with the 
New 
York City 
Building Code
.
404.2 Accessible fixture requirements. 
Accessible plumbing fixtures shall be installed with the clearances, heights, 
spacings and arrangements in accordance with ICC 
A117.1.
404.3 Exposed pipes and surfaces. 
Water supply and drain pipes under accessible lavatories and sinks shall be cov-
ered or otherwise configured to protect against contact. Pipe coverings shall comply with ASME A112.18.9.
SECTION PC 405
INSTALLATION O
F FIXTURES
405.1 Water supply protection.
The supply lines and fittings for every plumbing fixture shall be installed so as to 
prevent backflow.
405.2 Access for cleaning.
Plumbing fixtures shall be installed so as to
afford easy access for cleaning both the fixture 
and the area around the fixture.
405.3 Setting.
Fixtures shall be set level and in proper alignment with reference to adjacent walls.
405.3.1 Water closets, urinals, lavatories and bidets.
A water closet, u
rinal, lavatory or bidet shall not be set 
closer than 15 inches (381 mm) from its center to any side wall, partition, vanity or other obstruction, or closer than 
30 inches (762 mm) center to center between adjacent fixtures. There shall be 
not less than
a 
21
-
inch (533 mm) 
clearance in front of the water closet, urinal, lavatory or bidet to any wall, fixture or door. Water closet compart-
ments shall be not less than 30 inches (762 mm) 
in width
and not less than 60 inches (1524 mm) in depth for floor
-
mounted w
ater closets and not less than 30 inches (762 mm) in width and 56 inches (1422 mm) in depth for wall
-
hung water closets.
405.3.2 Public lavatories.
In employee and public toilet rooms, the required lavatory shall be located in the same 
room as the required
water closet.
405.3.3 Location of fixtures and piping. 
Piping, fixtures or equipment shall not be located in such a manner as to 
interfere with the normal operation of windows, doors or other means of egress openings.
405.3.4 Water closet compartment. 
Eac
h water closet utilized by the public or employees shall occupy a separate 
compartment with walls or partitions and a door enclosing the fixtures to ensure privacy.
Exceptions:
1.
Water closet compartments shall not be required in a single
-
occupant toile
t room with a lockable door.
2.
Toilet rooms located in child day care facilities and containing two or more water closets shall be permitted 
to have one water closet without an enclosing compartment.
3.
Toilet areas located within Group I
-
3 housing areas.
‡‡‡ Chapter 4 was amended by 
Local Law 
77 
of 2023
. This law has an effective
 date of June 10, 2023.
CHAPTER 4 
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS 
SECTION 
PC 
401
GENERAL
401.1 Scope. 
This chapter shall govern the materials, design and installation of plumbing fixtures, faucets and fixture 
fittings in accordance with the type of occupancy, and shall provide for the minimum number of fixtures for various 
types of occupancies.
401.2 Prohibited fixtures and connections.
Water closets having a concealed trap seal or an unventilated space or 
having walls that are not thoroughly washed 
at each discharge in accordance with 
ASME 
A112.19.2/CSA B45.1 shall 
be prohibited. Any water closet that permits siphonage of the contents of the bowl back into the tank shall be prohib-
ited. Trough urinals shall be prohibited.
401.3 Water conservation.
The
maximum water flow rates and flush volume for plumbing fixtures and fixture fittings 
shall comply with Section 604.
SECTION 
PC
402
FIXTURE MATERIAL
402.1 Quality of fixtures.
Plumbing fixtures shall be constructed of approved materials, with smooth, imper
vious 
surfaces, free from defects and concealed fouling surfaces, and shall conform to standards cited in this code. All 
porcelain enameled surfaces on plumbing fixtures shall be acid resistant.
402.2 Materials for specialty fixtures.
Materials for special
ty fixtures not otherwise covered in this code shall be of 
stainless steel, soapstone, chemical stoneware or plastic, or shall be lined with lead, copper
-
base alloy, nickel
-
copper 
alloy, corrosion
-
resistant steel or other material especially suited to the application for which the fixture is intended.
402.3 Sheet copper.
Sheet copper for general applications shall conform to ASTM B 152 and shall not weigh less 
than 12 ounces per square foot (3.7 kg/m
2
).
402.4 Sheet lead.
Sheet lead for pans shall not weigh less than 4 pounds per square foot (19.5 kg/m
2
) and shall be 
coated with an asphalt paint or other approved coating.
SECTION 
PC 
403
MINIMUM PLUMBING FACILITIES
403.1 Minimum number of fixtures.
Plumbing fixtures shall be provided for the type of occupancy and in the min-
imum number shown in Table 403.1. Types of occupancies not shown in Table 403.1 shall be considered individually 
by the 
commissioner.
The number of occupants shall be determined by the 
New York City 
Building Code
. 
Occupancy 
classification sha
ll be determined in accordance with the 
New York City Building Code
.   
TABLE 403.1
MINIMUM NUMBER OF REQUIRED PLUMBING FIXTURES
a 
(See Sections 403.1.1 and 403.2)
NO.
CLASSIFICATION
OCCUPANCY
h
DESCRIPTION
WATER CLOSETS
(URINALS: SEE SECTION 419.2)
LAVATORIES 
BATHTUBS
/ 
SHOWERS
DRINKING 
FOUNTAIN 
(SEE 
SECTION 
410
e
)
OTHER
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
MALE
FEMALE
MALE
FEMALE
1
Assembly
A
-
1
d
Theaters and other 
buildings
for the per-
forming arts and mo-
tion pictures
1 per 70 for 
the first 210 
and 1 per 
125 
for the 
remainder 
exceeding 
210
1 per 35 for 
the first 210 
and 1 per 65 
for the re-
mainder 
ex-
ceeding 210
1 per 200
—
1 per 500
1 service 
sink
A
-
2
d
Nightclubs, bars
f
, 
taverns, dance halls 
and buildings
for 
similar purposes
1 per 75
i
1 per 40
i
1 per 75
—
1 per 
500
1 service 
sink
Restaurants
g
, ban-
quet halls
and food courts
1 per 75
1 per 75
1 per 200
—
1 per 500
1 service 
sink
A
-
3
d
Auditoriums without 
permanent seating, 
art galleries, exhibi-
tion halls, museums, 
lecture halls, arcades 
and 
gymnasiums
1 per 70 for 
the first 210 
and 1 per 
125 
for the 
remainder 
exceeding 
210
1 per 35 for 
the first 210 
and 1 per 65 
for the re-
mainder 
ex-
ceeding 210
1 per 200
—
1 per 500
1 service 
sink
Passenger terminals 
and transportation 
facilities
1 per 
500
1 per 500
1 per 750
—
1 per 1,000
1 service 
sink
Places of worship 
and other religious 
services
1 per 150
1 per 75
1 per 200
—
1 per 1,000
1 service 
sink
A
-
4
Coliseums, arenas, 
skating 
rinks, pools 
and 
tennis 
courts for 
indoor sporting 
events and activities
1 per 75 for 
the first 
1,500 and 1 
per 120 for 
the remainder 
exceeding 
1,500
1 per 40
for 
the first 
1,520 
and
1 per 60 
for the re-
mainder ex-
ceeding 
1,520
1 per
200
1 per
150
—
1 per 1,000
1 service 
sink
A
-
5
Stadiums, 
amuse-
ment parks, bleach-
ers and grandstands 
for outdoor sporting 
events and activities
1 per 75 for 
the
first 
1
,500 and      
1 per 120 for 
the remainder 
exceeding 
1,500
1 per 40 for 
the first 1,520 
and 1 per 60 
for the re-
mainder ex-
ceeding 1,520
1 per 
200
1 
per 
150
—
1 per 1,000
1 service 
sink
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
2
Business
B
j, n
Buildings for the 
transaction
of busi-
ness, professional 
services, other       
services 
including 
merchandise
, office 
buildings
, banks, 
light industrial and 
similar uses
No. of persons for        No. of
each sex          
fixtures
1
–
20                  
1
21
–
45                  
2
46
–
70                  
3
71
–
100                  
4
101
–
140                  5
141
–
190                  6
1 fixture for each additional 
50 persons
No
. of   No. of
persons fix-
tures
for      each        
f                                                    
sex            
f
1
–
25               
1
26
–
50             
2
51
–
75             
3
76
–
115           
4
116
–
160         
5
1 fixture for 
each 
additional 
60 persons
—
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
m
3
Educational
E
Educational facili-
ties, including librar-
ies accessory to 
Group E
1 per 50
1 per 50
—
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
4
Factory and
industrial
F
-
1 and F
-
2
Structures in which 
occupants are 
en-
gaged in work fabri-
cating, assembly or 
processing of prod-
ucts or materials
1 per 100
1 per 100
(see     
Section
411)
1 per 400
1 service 
sink
5
Institutional
I
-
1
k
Residential care
1 per 10
1 per 10
1 per 8
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
I
-
2
Hospitals, 
ambulatory nursing 
home care recipient
1 per room
c
1 per room
c
1 per 15
1 per 100
1 service 
sink per 
floor
Employees, other 
than residential care
b
1 per 25
1 per 35
—
1 per 100
—
Visitors, other than 
residential
care
1 per 75
1 per 
100
—
1 per 500
—
I
-
3
Prisons
b
1 per cell
1 per cell
1 per 15
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
Reformatories, 
de-
tention
centers, and 
correctional 
centers
b
1 per 15
1 per 15
1 per 15
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
Employees
b
1 per 25
1 per 35
—
1 per 100
—
I
-
4
Adult day care and 
child day care
1 per 15
1 per 15
1 per 15
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
6
Mercantile
M
Retail stores, service 
stations, shops, 
salesrooms, markets 
and 
shopping
centers
1 per 500
1 per 750
—
1 per 1,000
1 service 
sink
m
7
Residential
R
-
1
k
Hotels, motels, 
boarding houses 
(transient)
1 per g
uestroom
1 per g
ues-
troom
1 per 
g
uestroom
—
1 service 
sink
R
-
1
k
Dormitories, 
frater-
nities
, sororities
and boarding 
houses (not 
transi-
ent
)
1 per 10
1 per 10
1 per 8
1 per 100
1 
service 
sink
R
-
2
k
Apartment house
1 per dwelling unit
1 per dwelling 
unit
1 per
dwelling
unit
—
1 kitchen 
sink per 
dwelling 
unit; 1 
automatic
clothes 
washer 
connection
per 20 
dwelling 
units
R
-
3
One
-
and two
-
family
dwellings and lodg-
ing houses with five 
or fewer 
guestrooms
1 per dwelling unit
1 per dwelling 
unit
1 per 
dwelling
unit
—
1 kitchen 
sink per 
dwelling 
unit; 1 
automatic
clothes 
washer 
connection
per 
dwelling 
unit
R
-
3
k
Congregate living 
fa-
cilities with 16 or 
fewer persons
1 per 10
1 per 10
1 per 8
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
8
Storage
S
-
1
S
-
2
Structures for the 
storage of goods, 
warehouses, 
store-
house
and freight de-
pots. Low and Mod-
erate Hazard.
1 per 100
1 per 100
See
Section 
411
1 per 
1,000
1 service 
sink
a. 
The fixtures shown are based on one fixture being the minimum required for the number of persons indicated
. Any
fraction of the number of 
persons 
requires an additional fixture.
The number of occupants shall be determined by the 
New York City
Building Code
.
b.
Toilet facilities for employees shall be separate from facilities for inmates or 
care recipients
.
c.
A single
-
occupant toilet room with one water closet and one lavatory se
rving not more than two adjacent patient sleeping units shall be 
permitted 
where such room is pro
vided with direct access from 
each patient sleeping unit and 
with provisions
for privacy.
d.
The occupant load for seasonal outdoor seating and entertainment a
reas shall be included when determining the minimum number of facilities 
required.
e.
The minimum number of required drinking foundations shall comply with Table 403.1 and Chapter 11 of the 
New York City Building Code.
f.
For the purposes of this table onl
y, “Bar” shall mean a business establishment or a portion of a nonprofit entity devoted primarily to the selling 
and serving of alcoholic beverages for consumption by the public, guests, patrons, or members on the premises and in which th
e serving of 
food 
is only incidental.
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
g.
The total number of occupants for a single establishment comprising of a restaurant with an accessory bar shall be considered
as a restaurant 
for the purposes of determining the minimum number of plumbing fixtures.
h.
As per the 
New York City Building Code.
i.
The requirements for the number of water closets for a total occupancy of 150 persons or fewer shall not apply to bars except
that, subject to 
the requirements of Section 403.2.1, there shall be at least one 
water closet for men and at least one water closet for women or at least two 
single
-
occupant toilet rooms.
j.
The number of fixtures for building or nonaccessory tenant space used for assembly purposes by fewer than 75 persons and clas
sified as Group 
B occ
upancy in accordance with Section 303.1, Exception 2 of the 
New York City Building Code 
shall be permitted to be calculated in 
accordance with the requirements for Assembly occupancies.
k.
In addition to the requirements of Table 403.1, residential occupan
cies I
-
1, R
-
1, R
-
2, and R
-
3 shall provide fixtures in compliance with the 
requirements of Section 614 for emergency drinking water access.
m.
For business and mercantile occupancies with an occupant load of 15 or fewer, service sinks shall not be required.
n.
Libraries that are not classified as accessory to Group E per Section 304.1 of the 
New York City Building Code
shall comply with fixture counts 
for Group B occupancies.
403.1.1 Fixture calculations.
To determine the occupant load of each sex, the total
occupant load shall be divided 
in half
. To determine the required number of fixtures, the fixture ratio or ratios for each fixture type shall be 
applied to the occupant load of each sex in accordance with Table 403.1. 
Fractional numbers resulting from ap-
p
lying the fixture ratios of Table 403.1 shall be rounded up to the next whole number. For calculations involving 
multiple occupancies, such fractional numbers for each occupancy shall first be summed and then rounded up to 
the next whole number.
Fixture ca
lculations in Group B office occupancies shall utilize the total occupant load on 
a given floor to determine the number of fixtures required for that floor.
Exception: 
The total occupant load shall not be required to be divided in half where approved stati
stical data 
indicates a distribution of the sexes of other than 50 percent of each sex.
403.1.2 Family or assisted
-
use toilet and bath fixtures.
Fixtures located within family or assisted
-
use toilet and 
bathing rooms required by Section 1109.2.1 of the 
New
York City 
Building Code 
are permitted to be included in 
the number of required fixtures for either the male or female occupants in assembly and mercantile occupancies.
403.1.3 Single
-
occupant toilet fixtures. 
Fixtures located within single
-
occupant toilet
rooms are permitted to be 
included in the number of fixtures required by Section 403, or where applicable the 
1968 Building Code
, for either 
the male or the female occupants. Fixtures located within toilet rooms subject to the exception of Section 403.2.1
are permitted to be included in the number of fixtures required by Section 403, or where applicable the 
1968 Build-
ing Code
, only for that sex.
403.2 Separate facilities.
Where plumbing fixtures are required, separate facilities shall be provided for each 
sex.
Exceptions:
1.
Separate facilities shall not be required for dwelling units and sleeping units.
2.
In structures or tenant spaces where combined employee and public toilet facilities are provided in accord-
ance with Section 403.3, separate facilities 
shall not be required where the total number of employees, cus-
tomers, patrons and visitors is 30 or fewer.
3.
In structures or tenant spaces where required toilet facilities for only employee use are provided in accordance 
with Section 403.3, separate faci
lities shall not be required where the total number of employees is 30 or 
fewer.
4.
In structures or tenant spaces where required toilet facilities for only public use are provided in accordance 
with Section 403.3, separate facilities shall not be required
where the total number of customers, patrons and 
visitors is 30 or fewer.
‡‡‡
403.2.1 Family or assisted
-
use toilet facilities serving as separate facilities. 
Where a building or tenant 
space requires a separate toilet facility for each sex and each 
toilet facility is required to have only one water closet, 
two
-
family or assisted
-
use toilet facilities shall be permitted to serve as the required separate facilities. Family or 
assisted
-
use toilet facilities shall not be required to be identified for exc
lusive use by either sex as required by 
Section 403.4.
403.2.2 Single
-
occupant toilet rooms. 
All single
-
occupant toilet rooms shall be made available for use by persons 
of any sex. Existing toilet rooms shall comply with this section. Nothing in this secti
on shall be construed to affect 
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
or alter the number of toilet rooms in a building otherwise required pursuant to this code or where applicable the 
1968 Building Code
.
Exception: 
Where egress from a single
-
occupant toilet room is through a room permissibly 
restricted by sex.
403.3 Required employee and public toilet facilities.
Employees shall be provided with toilet facilities in all occu-
pancies. The number of plumbing fixtures located within the required employee toilet facilities shall be provided in 
acco
rdance with Section 403 for all employees. Customers, patrons and visitors shall be provided with public toilet 
facilities in structures and tenant spaces intended for public utilization. The number of plumbing fixtures located 
within the required public t
oilet facilities shall be provided in accordance with Section 403 for all customers, patrons 
and visitors. Employee and public toilet facilities may be separate or combined. Where combined facilities are pro-
vided, the number of plumbing fixtures shall be i
n accordance with Section 403 for all users. 
Exception:
Public utilization of toilet facilities shall not be required for:
1.
Food service establishments, as defined in Section 81.03 of the 
New York City Health Code
, with a seating 
capacity of less than 2
0, provided such establishments are less than 10,000 square feet (929 m
2
).
2.
Establishments less than 10,000 square feet (929 m
2
) classified as Occupancy Group B or M pursuant to 
Sections 304.1 and 309.1 of the 
New York City Building Code
, respectively, p
rovided however that this 
exception shall not apply to a building or nonaccessory tenant space used for assembly purposes by fewer 
than 75 persons and classified as a Group B occupancy in accordance with Section 303.1.2 of the 
New York 
City Building Code
.
403.3.1 Access.
The route to the public toilet facilities required by Section 403.3 shall not pass through kitchens, 
storage rooms or closets. Access to the required facilities shall be from within the building or from the exterior of 
the building.
Routes
shall comply with the accessibility requirements of the 
New York City 
Building Code
. 
The 
public
shall have access to the required toilet facilities at all times that the building is occupied.
403.3.2 Prohibited toilet room location.
Toilet rooms shall not 
open directly into a room used for the preparation 
of food for service to the public.
403.3.3 Location of toilet facilities in occupancies other than malls.
In occupancies other than covered and open 
mall buildings, the required public and employee toilet facilities shall be located not more than one story above or 
below the space required to be provided with toilet facilities, and the path of travel to such f
acilities shall not exceed 
a distance of 500 feet (152 m).
Exception: 
The location and maximum
distances of travel to required employee facilities in factory and indus-
trial occupancies are permitted to exceed that required by this section, provided that th
e location and maximum 
distance of travel are approved.
403.3.4 Location of toilet facilities in malls.
In covered and open mall buildings, the required public and employee 
toilet facilities shall be located not more than one story above or below the space
required to be provided with toilet 
facilities, and the path of travel to such facilities shall not exceed a distance of 300 feet (91 m). In
mall buildings, 
the required facilities shall be based on total square footage within a covered mall building or w
ithin the perimeter 
line of an open mall building, and facilities shall be installed in each individual store or in a central toilet area 
located in accordance with this section. The maximum distance of travel to central toilet facilities in mall buildings
shall be measured from the main entrance of any store or tenant space. In
mall buildings, where employees’ toilet 
facilities are not provided in the individual store, the maximum distance of travel shall be measured from the em-
ployees’ work area of the st
ore or tenant space.
403.3.5 Pay facilities.
Where pay facilities are installed, such facilities shall be in excess of
the required minimum 
facilities. Required facilities shall be free of charge.
403.3.6 Door locking. 
Where a toilet room is provided for the use of multiple occupants, the egress door for the 
room shall not be lockable from the inside of the room. This sec
tion does not apply to family or assisted
-
use toilet 
rooms.
403.4 Signage.
Required public facilities shall be designated by a legible sign for each sex or, for a single
-
occupant 
toilet room, for all sexes. Signs shall be readily visible and located near t
he entrance to each toilet facility. Existing 
single
-
occupant toilet rooms shall comply with this requirement.
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
403.4.1 Directional signage.
Directional signage indicating the route to the required public toilet facilities shall be 
posted in 
accordance with
Section 1110 of the New York City Building Code. Such signage shall be located in 
a 
lobby, corridor, aisle or similar space, such that the sign can be readily seen from the main entrance to the 
building 
or tenant space
.
403.5 Drinking fountain location. 
D
rinking fountains shall not be required to be located in individual tenant spaces 
provided that public drinking fountains are located on each story within a distance of travel of 500 feet (152 m) of the 
most remote location in the tenant space on such stor
y. Where the tenant space is in a covered or open mall, such 
distance shall not exceed 300 feet (91 m). Drinking fountains shall be located on an accessible route.
SECTION 
PC
404
ACCESSIBLE PLUMBING FACILITIES
404.1 Where required.
Accessible plumbing faci
lities and fixtures shall be provided in accordance with the 
New 
York City 
Building Code
.
404.2 Accessible fixture requirements. 
Accessible plumbing fixtures shall be installed with the clearances, heights, 
spacings and arrangements in accordance with ICC 
A117.1.
404.3 Exposed pipes and surfaces. 
Water supply and drain pipes under accessible lavatories and sinks shall be cov-
ered or otherwise configured to protect against contact. Pipe coverings shall comply with ASME A112.18.9.
SECTION PC 405
INSTALLATION O
F FIXTURES
405.1 Water supply protection.
The supply lines and fittings for every plumbing fixture shall be installed so as to 
prevent backflow.
405.2 Access for cleaning.
Plumbing fixtures shall be installed so as to
afford easy access for cleaning both the fixture 
and the area around the fixture.
405.3 Setting.
Fixtures shall be set level and in proper alignment with reference to adjacent walls.
405.3.1 Water closets, urinals, lavatories and bidets.
A water closet, u
rinal, lavatory or bidet shall not be set 
closer than 15 inches (381 mm) from its center to any side wall, partition, vanity or other obstruction, or closer than 
30 inches (762 mm) center to center between adjacent fixtures. There shall be 
not less than
a 
21
-
inch (533 mm) 
clearance in front of the water closet, urinal, lavatory or bidet to any wall, fixture or door. Water closet compart-
ments shall be not less than 30 inches (762 mm) 
in width
and not less than 60 inches (1524 mm) in depth for floor
-
mounted w
ater closets and not less than 30 inches (762 mm) in width and 56 inches (1422 mm) in depth for wall
-
hung water closets.
405.3.2 Public lavatories.
In employee and public toilet rooms, the required lavatory shall be located in the same 
room as the required
water closet.
405.3.3 Location of fixtures and piping. 
Piping, fixtures or equipment shall not be located in such a manner as to 
interfere with the normal operation of windows, doors or other means of egress openings.
405.3.4 Water closet compartment. 
Eac
h water closet utilized by the public or employees shall occupy a separate 
compartment with walls or partitions and a door enclosing the fixtures to ensure privacy.
Exceptions:
1.
Water closet compartments shall not be required in a single
-
occupant toile
t room with a lockable door.
2.
Toilet rooms located in child day care facilities and containing two or more water closets shall be permitted 
to have one water closet without an enclosing compartment.
3.
Toilet areas located within Group I
-
3 housing areas.
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
405.3.5 Urinal partitions. 
Each urinal utilized by the public or employees shall occupy a separate area with walls 
or partitions to provide privacy. The walls or partitions shall begin at a height not greater than 12 inches (305 mm) 
from and extend not le
ss than 60 inches (1524 mm) above the finished floor surface. The walls or partitions shall 
extend from the wall surface at each side of the urinal not less than 18 inches (457 mm) or to a point not less than 
6 inches (152 mm) beyond the outermost front li
p of the urinal measured from the finished backwall surface, 
whichever is greater.
1.
Urinal partitions shall not be required in a single occupant or family/assisted
-
use toilet room with a lockable 
door.
2.
Toilet rooms located in child day care facilities
and containing two or more urinals shall be permitted to have 
one urinal without partitions.
405.4 Floor and wall drainage connections.
Connections between the drain and floor outlet plumbing fixtures shall 
be made with a floor flange or a waste connector and sealing gasket. The waste connector and sealing gasket joint 
shall comply with the joint tightness test of ASME A112.4.3 and shall b
e installed in accordance with the manufac-
turer’s instructions. The flange shall be attached to the drain and anchored to the structure. Connections between the 
drain and wall
-
hung water closets shall be made with an approved extension nipple or horn adapt
or. The water closet 
shall be bolted to the 
carrier
with corrosion
-
resistant bolts or screws. Joints shall be sealed with an approved elasto-
meric gasket, flange
-
to
-
fixture connection complying with ASME A112.4.3 or an approved setting compound.
405.4.1 Flo
or flanges.
Floor flanges for water closets or similar fixtures shall be not less than 0.125 inch (3.2 mm) 
thick for brass, 0.25 inch (6.4 mm) thick for plastic and 0.25 inch (6.4 mm) thick and not less than a 2
-
inch (51 
mm) caulking depth for cast
-
iron or
galvanized malleable iron.
Floor flanges of hard lead shall weigh not less than 1 pound, 9 ounces (0.7 kg) and shall be composed of lead 
alloy with not less than 7.75
-
percent antimony by weight. Closet screws and bolts shall be of brass. Flanges shall 
be 
secured to the building structure with corrosion
-
resistant screws or bolts.
405.4.2 Securing floor outlet fixtures.
Floor outlet fixtures shall be secured to the floor or floor flanges by screws 
or bolts of corrosion
-
resistant material.
405.4.3 
Securing wall
-
hung water closet bowls.
Wall
-
hung
water closet bowls shall be supported by a concealed 
metal carrier that is attached to the building 
structure
so that strain is not transmitted to the closet connector or any 
other part of the plumbing syste
m. The carrier shall conform to ASME A112.6.1M or ASME A112.6.2.
405.5 Water
-
tight joints.
Joints formed where fixtures come in contact with walls or floors shall be sealed.
405.6 Plumbing in mental health centers.
In mental health centers, pipes or traps 
shall not be exposed, and fixtures 
shall be bolted through walls.
405.7 Design of overflows.
Where any fixture is provided with an overflow, the waste shall be designed and installed 
so that standing water in the fixture will not rise in the overflow when 
the stopper is closed, and no water will remain 
in the overflow when the fixture is empty.
Exception:
Existing overflows for bath tubs utilizing standing wastes.
405.7.1 Connection of overflows.
The overflow from any fixture shall discharge into the draina
ge system on the 
inlet or fixture side of the trap.
Exception: 
The overflow from a flush tank serving a water closet or urinal shall discharge into the fixture 
served.
405.8 Slip joint connections.
Slip joints shall be made with an approved elastomeric gas
ket and shall only be installed 
on the trap outlet, trap inlet and within the trap seal. Fixtures with concealed slip joint connections shall be provided 
with an access panel or utility space
not less than
12 inches (305 mm) in its smallest dimension or ot
her approved 
arrangement so as to provide access to the slip joint connections for inspection and repair.
405.9 Design and installation of plumbing fixtures.
Integral fixture fitting mounting surfaces on manufactured 
plumbing fixtures or plumbing fixtures 
constructed on site shall meet the design requirements of 
ASME 
A11
2.19.2/CSA B45.1 or 
ASME A112.19.
3/CSA B45.4.
‡‡‡ Chapter 4 was amended by 
Local Law 
77 
of 2023
. This law has an effective
 date of June 10, 2023.
CHAPTER 4 
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS 
SECTION 
PC 
401
GENERAL
401.1 Scope. 
This chapter shall govern the materials, design and installation of plumbing fixtures, faucets and fixture 
fittings in accordance with the type of occupancy, and shall provide for the minimum number of fixtures for various 
types of occupancies.
401.2 Prohibited fixtures and connections.
Water closets having a concealed trap seal or an unventilated space or 
having walls that are not thoroughly washed 
at each discharge in accordance with 
ASME 
A112.19.2/CSA B45.1 shall 
be prohibited. Any water closet that permits siphonage of the contents of the bowl back into the tank shall be prohib-
ited. Trough urinals shall be prohibited.
401.3 Water conservation.
The
maximum water flow rates and flush volume for plumbing fixtures and fixture fittings 
shall comply with Section 604.
SECTION 
PC
402
FIXTURE MATERIAL
402.1 Quality of fixtures.
Plumbing fixtures shall be constructed of approved materials, with smooth, imper
vious 
surfaces, free from defects and concealed fouling surfaces, and shall conform to standards cited in this code. All 
porcelain enameled surfaces on plumbing fixtures shall be acid resistant.
402.2 Materials for specialty fixtures.
Materials for special
ty fixtures not otherwise covered in this code shall be of 
stainless steel, soapstone, chemical stoneware or plastic, or shall be lined with lead, copper
-
base alloy, nickel
-
copper 
alloy, corrosion
-
resistant steel or other material especially suited to the application for which the fixture is intended.
402.3 Sheet copper.
Sheet copper for general applications shall conform to ASTM B 152 and shall not weigh less 
than 12 ounces per square foot (3.7 kg/m
2
).
402.4 Sheet lead.
Sheet lead for pans shall not weigh less than 4 pounds per square foot (19.5 kg/m
2
) and shall be 
coated with an asphalt paint or other approved coating.
SECTION 
PC 
403
MINIMUM PLUMBING FACILITIES
403.1 Minimum number of fixtures.
Plumbing fixtures shall be provided for the type of occupancy and in the min-
imum number shown in Table 403.1. Types of occupancies not shown in Table 403.1 shall be considered individually 
by the 
commissioner.
The number of occupants shall be determined by the 
New York City 
Building Code
. 
Occupancy 
classification sha
ll be determined in accordance with the 
New York City Building Code
.   
TABLE 403.1
MINIMUM NUMBER OF REQUIRED PLUMBING FIXTURES
a 
(See Sections 403.1.1 and 403.2)
NO.
CLASSIFICATION
OCCUPANCY
h
DESCRIPTION
WATER CLOSETS
(URINALS: SEE SECTION 419.2)
LAVATORIES 
BATHTUBS
/ 
SHOWERS
DRINKING 
FOUNTAIN 
(SEE 
SECTION 
410
e
)
OTHER
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
MALE
FEMALE
MALE
FEMALE
1
Assembly
A
-
1
d
Theaters and other 
buildings
for the per-
forming arts and mo-
tion pictures
1 per 70 for 
the first 210 
and 1 per 
125 
for the 
remainder 
exceeding 
210
1 per 35 for 
the first 210 
and 1 per 65 
for the re-
mainder 
ex-
ceeding 210
1 per 200
—
1 per 500
1 service 
sink
A
-
2
d
Nightclubs, bars
f
, 
taverns, dance halls 
and buildings
for 
similar purposes
1 per 75
i
1 per 40
i
1 per 75
—
1 per 
500
1 service 
sink
Restaurants
g
, ban-
quet halls
and food courts
1 per 75
1 per 75
1 per 200
—
1 per 500
1 service 
sink
A
-
3
d
Auditoriums without 
permanent seating, 
art galleries, exhibi-
tion halls, museums, 
lecture halls, arcades 
and 
gymnasiums
1 per 70 for 
the first 210 
and 1 per 
125 
for the 
remainder 
exceeding 
210
1 per 35 for 
the first 210 
and 1 per 65 
for the re-
mainder 
ex-
ceeding 210
1 per 200
—
1 per 500
1 service 
sink
Passenger terminals 
and transportation 
facilities
1 per 
500
1 per 500
1 per 750
—
1 per 1,000
1 service 
sink
Places of worship 
and other religious 
services
1 per 150
1 per 75
1 per 200
—
1 per 1,000
1 service 
sink
A
-
4
Coliseums, arenas, 
skating 
rinks, pools 
and 
tennis 
courts for 
indoor sporting 
events and activities
1 per 75 for 
the first 
1,500 and 1 
per 120 for 
the remainder 
exceeding 
1,500
1 per 40
for 
the first 
1,520 
and
1 per 60 
for the re-
mainder ex-
ceeding 
1,520
1 per
200
1 per
150
—
1 per 1,000
1 service 
sink
A
-
5
Stadiums, 
amuse-
ment parks, bleach-
ers and grandstands 
for outdoor sporting 
events and activities
1 per 75 for 
the
first 
1
,500 and      
1 per 120 for 
the remainder 
exceeding 
1,500
1 per 40 for 
the first 1,520 
and 1 per 60 
for the re-
mainder ex-
ceeding 1,520
1 per 
200
1 
per 
150
—
1 per 1,000
1 service 
sink
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
2
Business
B
j, n
Buildings for the 
transaction
of busi-
ness, professional 
services, other       
services 
including 
merchandise
, office 
buildings
, banks, 
light industrial and 
similar uses
No. of persons for        No. of
each sex          
fixtures
1
–
20                  
1
21
–
45                  
2
46
–
70                  
3
71
–
100                  
4
101
–
140                  5
141
–
190                  6
1 fixture for each additional 
50 persons
No
. of   No. of
persons fix-
tures
for      each        
f                                                    
sex            
f
1
–
25               
1
26
–
50             
2
51
–
75             
3
76
–
115           
4
116
–
160         
5
1 fixture for 
each 
additional 
60 persons
—
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
m
3
Educational
E
Educational facili-
ties, including librar-
ies accessory to 
Group E
1 per 50
1 per 50
—
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
4
Factory and
industrial
F
-
1 and F
-
2
Structures in which 
occupants are 
en-
gaged in work fabri-
cating, assembly or 
processing of prod-
ucts or materials
1 per 100
1 per 100
(see     
Section
411)
1 per 400
1 service 
sink
5
Institutional
I
-
1
k
Residential care
1 per 10
1 per 10
1 per 8
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
I
-
2
Hospitals, 
ambulatory nursing 
home care recipient
1 per room
c
1 per room
c
1 per 15
1 per 100
1 service 
sink per 
floor
Employees, other 
than residential care
b
1 per 25
1 per 35
—
1 per 100
—
Visitors, other than 
residential
care
1 per 75
1 per 
100
—
1 per 500
—
I
-
3
Prisons
b
1 per cell
1 per cell
1 per 15
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
Reformatories, 
de-
tention
centers, and 
correctional 
centers
b
1 per 15
1 per 15
1 per 15
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
Employees
b
1 per 25
1 per 35
—
1 per 100
—
I
-
4
Adult day care and 
child day care
1 per 15
1 per 15
1 per 15
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
6
Mercantile
M
Retail stores, service 
stations, shops, 
salesrooms, markets 
and 
shopping
centers
1 per 500
1 per 750
—
1 per 1,000
1 service 
sink
m
7
Residential
R
-
1
k
Hotels, motels, 
boarding houses 
(transient)
1 per g
uestroom
1 per g
ues-
troom
1 per 
g
uestroom
—
1 service 
sink
R
-
1
k
Dormitories, 
frater-
nities
, sororities
and boarding 
houses (not 
transi-
ent
)
1 per 10
1 per 10
1 per 8
1 per 100
1 
service 
sink
R
-
2
k
Apartment house
1 per dwelling unit
1 per dwelling 
unit
1 per
dwelling
unit
—
1 kitchen 
sink per 
dwelling 
unit; 1 
automatic
clothes 
washer 
connection
per 20 
dwelling 
units
R
-
3
One
-
and two
-
family
dwellings and lodg-
ing houses with five 
or fewer 
guestrooms
1 per dwelling unit
1 per dwelling 
unit
1 per 
dwelling
unit
—
1 kitchen 
sink per 
dwelling 
unit; 1 
automatic
clothes 
washer 
connection
per 
dwelling 
unit
R
-
3
k
Congregate living 
fa-
cilities with 16 or 
fewer persons
1 per 10
1 per 10
1 per 8
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
8
Storage
S
-
1
S
-
2
Structures for the 
storage of goods, 
warehouses, 
store-
house
and freight de-
pots. Low and Mod-
erate Hazard.
1 per 100
1 per 100
See
Section 
411
1 per 
1,000
1 service 
sink
a. 
The fixtures shown are based on one fixture being the minimum required for the number of persons indicated
. Any
fraction of the number of 
persons 
requires an additional fixture.
The number of occupants shall be determined by the 
New York City
Building Code
.
b.
Toilet facilities for employees shall be separate from facilities for inmates or 
care recipients
.
c.
A single
-
occupant toilet room with one water closet and one lavatory se
rving not more than two adjacent patient sleeping units shall be 
permitted 
where such room is pro
vided with direct access from 
each patient sleeping unit and 
with provisions
for privacy.
d.
The occupant load for seasonal outdoor seating and entertainment a
reas shall be included when determining the minimum number of facilities 
required.
e.
The minimum number of required drinking foundations shall comply with Table 403.1 and Chapter 11 of the 
New York City Building Code.
f.
For the purposes of this table onl
y, “Bar” shall mean a business establishment or a portion of a nonprofit entity devoted primarily to the selling 
and serving of alcoholic beverages for consumption by the public, guests, patrons, or members on the premises and in which th
e serving of 
food 
is only incidental.
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
g.
The total number of occupants for a single establishment comprising of a restaurant with an accessory bar shall be considered
as a restaurant 
for the purposes of determining the minimum number of plumbing fixtures.
h.
As per the 
New York City Building Code.
i.
The requirements for the number of water closets for a total occupancy of 150 persons or fewer shall not apply to bars except
that, subject to 
the requirements of Section 403.2.1, there shall be at least one 
water closet for men and at least one water closet for women or at least two 
single
-
occupant toilet rooms.
j.
The number of fixtures for building or nonaccessory tenant space used for assembly purposes by fewer than 75 persons and clas
sified as Group 
B occ
upancy in accordance with Section 303.1, Exception 2 of the 
New York City Building Code 
shall be permitted to be calculated in 
accordance with the requirements for Assembly occupancies.
k.
In addition to the requirements of Table 403.1, residential occupan
cies I
-
1, R
-
1, R
-
2, and R
-
3 shall provide fixtures in compliance with the 
requirements of Section 614 for emergency drinking water access.
m.
For business and mercantile occupancies with an occupant load of 15 or fewer, service sinks shall not be required.
n.
Libraries that are not classified as accessory to Group E per Section 304.1 of the 
New York City Building Code
shall comply with fixture counts 
for Group B occupancies.
403.1.1 Fixture calculations.
To determine the occupant load of each sex, the total
occupant load shall be divided 
in half
. To determine the required number of fixtures, the fixture ratio or ratios for each fixture type shall be 
applied to the occupant load of each sex in accordance with Table 403.1. 
Fractional numbers resulting from ap-
p
lying the fixture ratios of Table 403.1 shall be rounded up to the next whole number. For calculations involving 
multiple occupancies, such fractional numbers for each occupancy shall first be summed and then rounded up to 
the next whole number.
Fixture ca
lculations in Group B office occupancies shall utilize the total occupant load on 
a given floor to determine the number of fixtures required for that floor.
Exception: 
The total occupant load shall not be required to be divided in half where approved stati
stical data 
indicates a distribution of the sexes of other than 50 percent of each sex.
403.1.2 Family or assisted
-
use toilet and bath fixtures.
Fixtures located within family or assisted
-
use toilet and 
bathing rooms required by Section 1109.2.1 of the 
New
York City 
Building Code 
are permitted to be included in 
the number of required fixtures for either the male or female occupants in assembly and mercantile occupancies.
403.1.3 Single
-
occupant toilet fixtures. 
Fixtures located within single
-
occupant toilet
rooms are permitted to be 
included in the number of fixtures required by Section 403, or where applicable the 
1968 Building Code
, for either 
the male or the female occupants. Fixtures located within toilet rooms subject to the exception of Section 403.2.1
are permitted to be included in the number of fixtures required by Section 403, or where applicable the 
1968 Build-
ing Code
, only for that sex.
403.2 Separate facilities.
Where plumbing fixtures are required, separate facilities shall be provided for each 
sex.
Exceptions:
1.
Separate facilities shall not be required for dwelling units and sleeping units.
2.
In structures or tenant spaces where combined employee and public toilet facilities are provided in accord-
ance with Section 403.3, separate facilities 
shall not be required where the total number of employees, cus-
tomers, patrons and visitors is 30 or fewer.
3.
In structures or tenant spaces where required toilet facilities for only employee use are provided in accordance 
with Section 403.3, separate faci
lities shall not be required where the total number of employees is 30 or 
fewer.
4.
In structures or tenant spaces where required toilet facilities for only public use are provided in accordance 
with Section 403.3, separate facilities shall not be required
where the total number of customers, patrons and 
visitors is 30 or fewer.
‡‡‡
403.2.1 Family or assisted
-
use toilet facilities serving as separate facilities. 
Where a building or tenant 
space requires a separate toilet facility for each sex and each 
toilet facility is required to have only one water closet, 
two
-
family or assisted
-
use toilet facilities shall be permitted to serve as the required separate facilities. Family or 
assisted
-
use toilet facilities shall not be required to be identified for exc
lusive use by either sex as required by 
Section 403.4.
403.2.2 Single
-
occupant toilet rooms. 
All single
-
occupant toilet rooms shall be made available for use by persons 
of any sex. Existing toilet rooms shall comply with this section. Nothing in this secti
on shall be construed to affect 
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
or alter the number of toilet rooms in a building otherwise required pursuant to this code or where applicable the 
1968 Building Code
.
Exception: 
Where egress from a single
-
occupant toilet room is through a room permissibly 
restricted by sex.
403.3 Required employee and public toilet facilities.
Employees shall be provided with toilet facilities in all occu-
pancies. The number of plumbing fixtures located within the required employee toilet facilities shall be provided in 
acco
rdance with Section 403 for all employees. Customers, patrons and visitors shall be provided with public toilet 
facilities in structures and tenant spaces intended for public utilization. The number of plumbing fixtures located 
within the required public t
oilet facilities shall be provided in accordance with Section 403 for all customers, patrons 
and visitors. Employee and public toilet facilities may be separate or combined. Where combined facilities are pro-
vided, the number of plumbing fixtures shall be i
n accordance with Section 403 for all users. 
Exception:
Public utilization of toilet facilities shall not be required for:
1.
Food service establishments, as defined in Section 81.03 of the 
New York City Health Code
, with a seating 
capacity of less than 2
0, provided such establishments are less than 10,000 square feet (929 m
2
).
2.
Establishments less than 10,000 square feet (929 m
2
) classified as Occupancy Group B or M pursuant to 
Sections 304.1 and 309.1 of the 
New York City Building Code
, respectively, p
rovided however that this 
exception shall not apply to a building or nonaccessory tenant space used for assembly purposes by fewer 
than 75 persons and classified as a Group B occupancy in accordance with Section 303.1.2 of the 
New York 
City Building Code
.
403.3.1 Access.
The route to the public toilet facilities required by Section 403.3 shall not pass through kitchens, 
storage rooms or closets. Access to the required facilities shall be from within the building or from the exterior of 
the building.
Routes
shall comply with the accessibility requirements of the 
New York City 
Building Code
. 
The 
public
shall have access to the required toilet facilities at all times that the building is occupied.
403.3.2 Prohibited toilet room location.
Toilet rooms shall not 
open directly into a room used for the preparation 
of food for service to the public.
403.3.3 Location of toilet facilities in occupancies other than malls.
In occupancies other than covered and open 
mall buildings, the required public and employee toilet facilities shall be located not more than one story above or 
below the space required to be provided with toilet facilities, and the path of travel to such f
acilities shall not exceed 
a distance of 500 feet (152 m).
Exception: 
The location and maximum
distances of travel to required employee facilities in factory and indus-
trial occupancies are permitted to exceed that required by this section, provided that th
e location and maximum 
distance of travel are approved.
403.3.4 Location of toilet facilities in malls.
In covered and open mall buildings, the required public and employee 
toilet facilities shall be located not more than one story above or below the space
required to be provided with toilet 
facilities, and the path of travel to such facilities shall not exceed a distance of 300 feet (91 m). In
mall buildings, 
the required facilities shall be based on total square footage within a covered mall building or w
ithin the perimeter 
line of an open mall building, and facilities shall be installed in each individual store or in a central toilet area 
located in accordance with this section. The maximum distance of travel to central toilet facilities in mall buildings
shall be measured from the main entrance of any store or tenant space. In
mall buildings, where employees’ toilet 
facilities are not provided in the individual store, the maximum distance of travel shall be measured from the em-
ployees’ work area of the st
ore or tenant space.
403.3.5 Pay facilities.
Where pay facilities are installed, such facilities shall be in excess of
the required minimum 
facilities. Required facilities shall be free of charge.
403.3.6 Door locking. 
Where a toilet room is provided for the use of multiple occupants, the egress door for the 
room shall not be lockable from the inside of the room. This sec
tion does not apply to family or assisted
-
use toilet 
rooms.
403.4 Signage.
Required public facilities shall be designated by a legible sign for each sex or, for a single
-
occupant 
toilet room, for all sexes. Signs shall be readily visible and located near t
he entrance to each toilet facility. Existing 
single
-
occupant toilet rooms shall comply with this requirement.
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
403.4.1 Directional signage.
Directional signage indicating the route to the required public toilet facilities shall be 
posted in 
accordance with
Section 1110 of the New York City Building Code. Such signage shall be located in 
a 
lobby, corridor, aisle or similar space, such that the sign can be readily seen from the main entrance to the 
building 
or tenant space
.
403.5 Drinking fountain location. 
D
rinking fountains shall not be required to be located in individual tenant spaces 
provided that public drinking fountains are located on each story within a distance of travel of 500 feet (152 m) of the 
most remote location in the tenant space on such stor
y. Where the tenant space is in a covered or open mall, such 
distance shall not exceed 300 feet (91 m). Drinking fountains shall be located on an accessible route.
SECTION 
PC
404
ACCESSIBLE PLUMBING FACILITIES
404.1 Where required.
Accessible plumbing faci
lities and fixtures shall be provided in accordance with the 
New 
York City 
Building Code
.
404.2 Accessible fixture requirements. 
Accessible plumbing fixtures shall be installed with the clearances, heights, 
spacings and arrangements in accordance with ICC 
A117.1.
404.3 Exposed pipes and surfaces. 
Water supply and drain pipes under accessible lavatories and sinks shall be cov-
ered or otherwise configured to protect against contact. Pipe coverings shall comply with ASME A112.18.9.
SECTION PC 405
INSTALLATION O
F FIXTURES
405.1 Water supply protection.
The supply lines and fittings for every plumbing fixture shall be installed so as to 
prevent backflow.
405.2 Access for cleaning.
Plumbing fixtures shall be installed so as to
afford easy access for cleaning both the fixture 
and the area around the fixture.
405.3 Setting.
Fixtures shall be set level and in proper alignment with reference to adjacent walls.
405.3.1 Water closets, urinals, lavatories and bidets.
A water closet, u
rinal, lavatory or bidet shall not be set 
closer than 15 inches (381 mm) from its center to any side wall, partition, vanity or other obstruction, or closer than 
30 inches (762 mm) center to center between adjacent fixtures. There shall be 
not less than
a 
21
-
inch (533 mm) 
clearance in front of the water closet, urinal, lavatory or bidet to any wall, fixture or door. Water closet compart-
ments shall be not less than 30 inches (762 mm) 
in width
and not less than 60 inches (1524 mm) in depth for floor
-
mounted w
ater closets and not less than 30 inches (762 mm) in width and 56 inches (1422 mm) in depth for wall
-
hung water closets.
405.3.2 Public lavatories.
In employee and public toilet rooms, the required lavatory shall be located in the same 
room as the required
water closet.
405.3.3 Location of fixtures and piping. 
Piping, fixtures or equipment shall not be located in such a manner as to 
interfere with the normal operation of windows, doors or other means of egress openings.
405.3.4 Water closet compartment. 
Eac
h water closet utilized by the public or employees shall occupy a separate 
compartment with walls or partitions and a door enclosing the fixtures to ensure privacy.
Exceptions:
1.
Water closet compartments shall not be required in a single
-
occupant toile
t room with a lockable door.
2.
Toilet rooms located in child day care facilities and containing two or more water closets shall be permitted 
to have one water closet without an enclosing compartment.
3.
Toilet areas located within Group I
-
3 housing areas.
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
405.3.5 Urinal partitions. 
Each urinal utilized by the public or employees shall occupy a separate area with walls 
or partitions to provide privacy. The walls or partitions shall begin at a height not greater than 12 inches (305 mm) 
from and extend not le
ss than 60 inches (1524 mm) above the finished floor surface. The walls or partitions shall 
extend from the wall surface at each side of the urinal not less than 18 inches (457 mm) or to a point not less than 
6 inches (152 mm) beyond the outermost front li
p of the urinal measured from the finished backwall surface, 
whichever is greater.
1.
Urinal partitions shall not be required in a single occupant or family/assisted
-
use toilet room with a lockable 
door.
2.
Toilet rooms located in child day care facilities
and containing two or more urinals shall be permitted to have 
one urinal without partitions.
405.4 Floor and wall drainage connections.
Connections between the drain and floor outlet plumbing fixtures shall 
be made with a floor flange or a waste connector and sealing gasket. The waste connector and sealing gasket joint 
shall comply with the joint tightness test of ASME A112.4.3 and shall b
e installed in accordance with the manufac-
turer’s instructions. The flange shall be attached to the drain and anchored to the structure. Connections between the 
drain and wall
-
hung water closets shall be made with an approved extension nipple or horn adapt
or. The water closet 
shall be bolted to the 
carrier
with corrosion
-
resistant bolts or screws. Joints shall be sealed with an approved elasto-
meric gasket, flange
-
to
-
fixture connection complying with ASME A112.4.3 or an approved setting compound.
405.4.1 Flo
or flanges.
Floor flanges for water closets or similar fixtures shall be not less than 0.125 inch (3.2 mm) 
thick for brass, 0.25 inch (6.4 mm) thick for plastic and 0.25 inch (6.4 mm) thick and not less than a 2
-
inch (51 
mm) caulking depth for cast
-
iron or
galvanized malleable iron.
Floor flanges of hard lead shall weigh not less than 1 pound, 9 ounces (0.7 kg) and shall be composed of lead 
alloy with not less than 7.75
-
percent antimony by weight. Closet screws and bolts shall be of brass. Flanges shall 
be 
secured to the building structure with corrosion
-
resistant screws or bolts.
405.4.2 Securing floor outlet fixtures.
Floor outlet fixtures shall be secured to the floor or floor flanges by screws 
or bolts of corrosion
-
resistant material.
405.4.3 
Securing wall
-
hung water closet bowls.
Wall
-
hung
water closet bowls shall be supported by a concealed 
metal carrier that is attached to the building 
structure
so that strain is not transmitted to the closet connector or any 
other part of the plumbing syste
m. The carrier shall conform to ASME A112.6.1M or ASME A112.6.2.
405.5 Water
-
tight joints.
Joints formed where fixtures come in contact with walls or floors shall be sealed.
405.6 Plumbing in mental health centers.
In mental health centers, pipes or traps 
shall not be exposed, and fixtures 
shall be bolted through walls.
405.7 Design of overflows.
Where any fixture is provided with an overflow, the waste shall be designed and installed 
so that standing water in the fixture will not rise in the overflow when 
the stopper is closed, and no water will remain 
in the overflow when the fixture is empty.
Exception:
Existing overflows for bath tubs utilizing standing wastes.
405.7.1 Connection of overflows.
The overflow from any fixture shall discharge into the draina
ge system on the 
inlet or fixture side of the trap.
Exception: 
The overflow from a flush tank serving a water closet or urinal shall discharge into the fixture 
served.
405.8 Slip joint connections.
Slip joints shall be made with an approved elastomeric gas
ket and shall only be installed 
on the trap outlet, trap inlet and within the trap seal. Fixtures with concealed slip joint connections shall be provided 
with an access panel or utility space
not less than
12 inches (305 mm) in its smallest dimension or ot
her approved 
arrangement so as to provide access to the slip joint connections for inspection and repair.
405.9 Design and installation of plumbing fixtures.
Integral fixture fitting mounting surfaces on manufactured 
plumbing fixtures or plumbing fixtures 
constructed on site shall meet the design requirements of 
ASME 
A11
2.19.2/CSA B45.1 or 
ASME A112.19.
3/CSA B45.4.
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
SECTION 
PC
406
AUTOMATIC CLOTHES WASHERS
406.1 Water connection. 
The water supply to an automatic clothes washer shall be protected against backflow by an 
air gap that is integral with the 
machine or 
a backflow preventer shall be installed in accordance with Section
608.
Air 
gaps shall comply with ASME A112.1.2 or A112.
1.3.
406.2 Waste connection.
The waste from an automatic clothes washer shall discharge through an air break into a 
standpipe in accordance with Section 802 or into a laundry sink. The trap and fixture drain for an automatic clothes 
washer standpipe shall 
be 
not less than
2 inches (51 mm) in diameter. The fixture drain for the standpipe serving an 
automatic clothes washer
shall connect to a 
3
-
inch
(76 mm) or larger diameter fixture branch, building drain, or stack. 
Automatic clothes washers that discharge b
y gravity shall be permitted to drain to a waste receptor or an approved 
trench drain.
SECTION 
PC 
407
BATHTUBS
407.1 Approval.
Bathtubs shall conform to 
ASME A112.19.1
/CSA B45.2, 
ASME A112.19.
2/CSA B45.1, 
ASME 
A112.19.3/
CSA B45.4, or CSA B45.5/IAPMO Z124.
407.2 Bathtub waste outlets and overflows. 
Bathtubs shall 
be equipped with a 
waste outlet and an overflow outlet. 
The outlets shall be connected to waste tubing or piping not less than 1
1
/
2
inches (38 mm) in diameter. The waste 
outlet shall be equipped wit
h a water
-
tight stopper.
407.3 Glazing.
Windows and doors within a bathtub enclosure shall conform to the safety glazing requirements of 
the 
New York City 
Building Code
.
407.4 Bathtub enclosure.
Doors 
in
a bathtub enclosure shall conform to ASME A112.19.15.
SECTION
PC
408
BIDETS
408.1 Approval.
Bidets shall conform to 
ASME A112.19.2/CSA B45.1.
408.2 Water connection.
The water supply to a bidet shall be protected against backflow by an air gap or backflow
preventer in accordance with Section 608.13.
408.3 Bidet water temperature.
The discharge water temperature from a bidet fitting shall be limited to a maximum 
temperature of 110°F (43°C) by a water temperature limiting device conforming to ASSE 1070 or CS
A B125.3.
SECTION
PC
409
DISHWASHING MACHINES
409.1 Approval.
Commercial dishwashing machines shall conform to ASSE 1004 and NSF 3. Commercial dishwash-
ing machines with integral gas
-
fired heating must be tested and evaluated in accordance with UL 921.
409.
2 Water connection.
The water supply to a dishwashing machine shall be protected against backflow by an air 
gap that is integral with the machine or a backflow preventer shall be installed in accordance with Section 608. Air 
gaps shall comply with ASME A11
2.1.2 or A112.1.3.
409.3 Waste connection.
The waste connection of a dishwashing machine shall comply with 
Section 802
.
SECTION
PC
410
DRINKING FOUNTAINS
410.1 Approval.
Drinking fountains shall conform to ASME A112.19.1/CSA B45.2
or ASME 
A112.19.2/CSA B45.1
and water coolers shall conform to AHRI 1010. Drinking fountains
and water coolers shall conform to 
NSF 61, 
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
Section 9 and ICC A117.1
. Drinking fountains 
required by Table 403.1 shall be equipped with both a bubbler faucet 
for 
drinking a
nd 
a separate faucet designed for filling a container at least 10 inches (254 mm)
in 
height.
Drinking 
fountains and water coolers shall comply with the lead requirements of Section 605.
410.2 Small occupancies. 
Drinking fountains shall not be required for 
an occupant load of 15 or fewer.
410.3 Required
drinking fountains.
Where water is served in restaurants, drinking fountains shall not be required. 
In other occupancies, where drinking fountains are required, up to 50 percent of required drinking fountains
con-
forming to Section 410.1 may be substituted by dedicated plumbing fixtures with faucets designed for filling a con-
tainer at least 10 inches (254 mm) in height, provided any such dedicated plumbing fixture is adjacent to or readily 
visible from the loca
tion of a drinking fountain conforming to Section 410.1. Bottled water dispensers shall not be 
substituted for required drinking fountains.
410.4 Prohibited location. 
Drinking fountains and plumbing fixtures with faucets permitted to be substituted for 
re
quired drinking fountains shall not be installed in public restrooms.
SECTION
PC
411
EMERGENCY SHOWERS AND EYEWASH STATIONS
411.1 Approval.
Emergency showers and eyewash stations shall conform to ISEA Z358.1.
411.2 Waste connection.
Waste 
connections shall not be required for emergency showers and eyewash stations.
SECTION 
PC
412
FLOOR AND TRENCH DRAINS
412.1 Approval.
Floor drains shall conform to ASME A112.3.1, ASME A112.6.3 or CSA B79. Trench drains shall 
comply with ASME A112.6.3.
412.2
Floor drains.
Floor drains shall have removable strainers.
The floor drain shall be constructed so that the drain 
is capable of being cleaned. Access shall be provided to the drain inlet. Ready access shall be provided to floor drains.
Exception: 
Floor dr
ains serving refrigerated display cases shall be provided with access.
412.3 Size of floor drains.
Floor drains shall have a drain outlet not less than 3 inches (76 mm) in diameter.
412.4 Public laundries and central washing facilities.
In public 
coin
-
operated laundries and in the central washing 
facilities of multiple
-
family dwellings, the rooms containing automatic clothes washers shall be provided with floor 
drains located to readily drain the entire floor area. Such drains shall have an outlet 
of not less than 3 inches (76 mm) 
in diameter
and be provided with lint strainers
.
SECTION 
PC
413
FOOD WASTE 
DISPOSER
UNITS
413.1 Approval.
Domestic food waste 
disposers
shall conform to ASSE 1008 and shall be listed and labeled in ac-
cordance with UL 430
.
Food waste 
disposers
shall not increase the drainage fixture unit load on the sanitary drainage 
system.
Food waste disposers
shall be permitted only within dwelling units.
413.2 Domestic food waste 
disposer
waste outlets.
The outlets of domestic food waste
disposers
shall be connected 
to a drain of not less than 
2 inches (
51 
mm) in diameter
.
413.3 Commercial food waste disposer units. 
Commercial food waste disposers shall be prohibited unless approved 
for use by the Department of Environmental Protection.
4
13.4 Water supply required.
Food
waste 
disposers
shall be provided with a supply of cold water.
‡‡‡ Chapter 4 was amended by 
Local Law 
77 
of 2023
. This law has an effective
 date of June 10, 2023.
CHAPTER 4 
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS 
SECTION 
PC 
401
GENERAL
401.1 Scope. 
This chapter shall govern the materials, design and installation of plumbing fixtures, faucets and fixture 
fittings in accordance with the type of occupancy, and shall provide for the minimum number of fixtures for various 
types of occupancies.
401.2 Prohibited fixtures and connections.
Water closets having a concealed trap seal or an unventilated space or 
having walls that are not thoroughly washed 
at each discharge in accordance with 
ASME 
A112.19.2/CSA B45.1 shall 
be prohibited. Any water closet that permits siphonage of the contents of the bowl back into the tank shall be prohib-
ited. Trough urinals shall be prohibited.
401.3 Water conservation.
The
maximum water flow rates and flush volume for plumbing fixtures and fixture fittings 
shall comply with Section 604.
SECTION 
PC
402
FIXTURE MATERIAL
402.1 Quality of fixtures.
Plumbing fixtures shall be constructed of approved materials, with smooth, imper
vious 
surfaces, free from defects and concealed fouling surfaces, and shall conform to standards cited in this code. All 
porcelain enameled surfaces on plumbing fixtures shall be acid resistant.
402.2 Materials for specialty fixtures.
Materials for special
ty fixtures not otherwise covered in this code shall be of 
stainless steel, soapstone, chemical stoneware or plastic, or shall be lined with lead, copper
-
base alloy, nickel
-
copper 
alloy, corrosion
-
resistant steel or other material especially suited to the application for which the fixture is intended.
402.3 Sheet copper.
Sheet copper for general applications shall conform to ASTM B 152 and shall not weigh less 
than 12 ounces per square foot (3.7 kg/m
2
).
402.4 Sheet lead.
Sheet lead for pans shall not weigh less than 4 pounds per square foot (19.5 kg/m
2
) and shall be 
coated with an asphalt paint or other approved coating.
SECTION 
PC 
403
MINIMUM PLUMBING FACILITIES
403.1 Minimum number of fixtures.
Plumbing fixtures shall be provided for the type of occupancy and in the min-
imum number shown in Table 403.1. Types of occupancies not shown in Table 403.1 shall be considered individually 
by the 
commissioner.
The number of occupants shall be determined by the 
New York City 
Building Code
. 
Occupancy 
classification sha
ll be determined in accordance with the 
New York City Building Code
.   
TABLE 403.1
MINIMUM NUMBER OF REQUIRED PLUMBING FIXTURES
a 
(See Sections 403.1.1 and 403.2)
NO.
CLASSIFICATION
OCCUPANCY
h
DESCRIPTION
WATER CLOSETS
(URINALS: SEE SECTION 419.2)
LAVATORIES 
BATHTUBS
/ 
SHOWERS
DRINKING 
FOUNTAIN 
(SEE 
SECTION 
410
e
)
OTHER
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
MALE
FEMALE
MALE
FEMALE
1
Assembly
A
-
1
d
Theaters and other 
buildings
for the per-
forming arts and mo-
tion pictures
1 per 70 for 
the first 210 
and 1 per 
125 
for the 
remainder 
exceeding 
210
1 per 35 for 
the first 210 
and 1 per 65 
for the re-
mainder 
ex-
ceeding 210
1 per 200
—
1 per 500
1 service 
sink
A
-
2
d
Nightclubs, bars
f
, 
taverns, dance halls 
and buildings
for 
similar purposes
1 per 75
i
1 per 40
i
1 per 75
—
1 per 
500
1 service 
sink
Restaurants
g
, ban-
quet halls
and food courts
1 per 75
1 per 75
1 per 200
—
1 per 500
1 service 
sink
A
-
3
d
Auditoriums without 
permanent seating, 
art galleries, exhibi-
tion halls, museums, 
lecture halls, arcades 
and 
gymnasiums
1 per 70 for 
the first 210 
and 1 per 
125 
for the 
remainder 
exceeding 
210
1 per 35 for 
the first 210 
and 1 per 65 
for the re-
mainder 
ex-
ceeding 210
1 per 200
—
1 per 500
1 service 
sink
Passenger terminals 
and transportation 
facilities
1 per 
500
1 per 500
1 per 750
—
1 per 1,000
1 service 
sink
Places of worship 
and other religious 
services
1 per 150
1 per 75
1 per 200
—
1 per 1,000
1 service 
sink
A
-
4
Coliseums, arenas, 
skating 
rinks, pools 
and 
tennis 
courts for 
indoor sporting 
events and activities
1 per 75 for 
the first 
1,500 and 1 
per 120 for 
the remainder 
exceeding 
1,500
1 per 40
for 
the first 
1,520 
and
1 per 60 
for the re-
mainder ex-
ceeding 
1,520
1 per
200
1 per
150
—
1 per 1,000
1 service 
sink
A
-
5
Stadiums, 
amuse-
ment parks, bleach-
ers and grandstands 
for outdoor sporting 
events and activities
1 per 75 for 
the
first 
1
,500 and      
1 per 120 for 
the remainder 
exceeding 
1,500
1 per 40 for 
the first 1,520 
and 1 per 60 
for the re-
mainder ex-
ceeding 1,520
1 per 
200
1 
per 
150
—
1 per 1,000
1 service 
sink
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
2
Business
B
j, n
Buildings for the 
transaction
of busi-
ness, professional 
services, other       
services 
including 
merchandise
, office 
buildings
, banks, 
light industrial and 
similar uses
No. of persons for        No. of
each sex          
fixtures
1
–
20                  
1
21
–
45                  
2
46
–
70                  
3
71
–
100                  
4
101
–
140                  5
141
–
190                  6
1 fixture for each additional 
50 persons
No
. of   No. of
persons fix-
tures
for      each        
f                                                    
sex            
f
1
–
25               
1
26
–
50             
2
51
–
75             
3
76
–
115           
4
116
–
160         
5
1 fixture for 
each 
additional 
60 persons
—
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
m
3
Educational
E
Educational facili-
ties, including librar-
ies accessory to 
Group E
1 per 50
1 per 50
—
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
4
Factory and
industrial
F
-
1 and F
-
2
Structures in which 
occupants are 
en-
gaged in work fabri-
cating, assembly or 
processing of prod-
ucts or materials
1 per 100
1 per 100
(see     
Section
411)
1 per 400
1 service 
sink
5
Institutional
I
-
1
k
Residential care
1 per 10
1 per 10
1 per 8
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
I
-
2
Hospitals, 
ambulatory nursing 
home care recipient
1 per room
c
1 per room
c
1 per 15
1 per 100
1 service 
sink per 
floor
Employees, other 
than residential care
b
1 per 25
1 per 35
—
1 per 100
—
Visitors, other than 
residential
care
1 per 75
1 per 
100
—
1 per 500
—
I
-
3
Prisons
b
1 per cell
1 per cell
1 per 15
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
Reformatories, 
de-
tention
centers, and 
correctional 
centers
b
1 per 15
1 per 15
1 per 15
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
Employees
b
1 per 25
1 per 35
—
1 per 100
—
I
-
4
Adult day care and 
child day care
1 per 15
1 per 15
1 per 15
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
6
Mercantile
M
Retail stores, service 
stations, shops, 
salesrooms, markets 
and 
shopping
centers
1 per 500
1 per 750
—
1 per 1,000
1 service 
sink
m
7
Residential
R
-
1
k
Hotels, motels, 
boarding houses 
(transient)
1 per g
uestroom
1 per g
ues-
troom
1 per 
g
uestroom
—
1 service 
sink
R
-
1
k
Dormitories, 
frater-
nities
, sororities
and boarding 
houses (not 
transi-
ent
)
1 per 10
1 per 10
1 per 8
1 per 100
1 
service 
sink
R
-
2
k
Apartment house
1 per dwelling unit
1 per dwelling 
unit
1 per
dwelling
unit
—
1 kitchen 
sink per 
dwelling 
unit; 1 
automatic
clothes 
washer 
connection
per 20 
dwelling 
units
R
-
3
One
-
and two
-
family
dwellings and lodg-
ing houses with five 
or fewer 
guestrooms
1 per dwelling unit
1 per dwelling 
unit
1 per 
dwelling
unit
—
1 kitchen 
sink per 
dwelling 
unit; 1 
automatic
clothes 
washer 
connection
per 
dwelling 
unit
R
-
3
k
Congregate living 
fa-
cilities with 16 or 
fewer persons
1 per 10
1 per 10
1 per 8
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
8
Storage
S
-
1
S
-
2
Structures for the 
storage of goods, 
warehouses, 
store-
house
and freight de-
pots. Low and Mod-
erate Hazard.
1 per 100
1 per 100
See
Section 
411
1 per 
1,000
1 service 
sink
a. 
The fixtures shown are based on one fixture being the minimum required for the number of persons indicated
. Any
fraction of the number of 
persons 
requires an additional fixture.
The number of occupants shall be determined by the 
New York City
Building Code
.
b.
Toilet facilities for employees shall be separate from facilities for inmates or 
care recipients
.
c.
A single
-
occupant toilet room with one water closet and one lavatory se
rving not more than two adjacent patient sleeping units shall be 
permitted 
where such room is pro
vided with direct access from 
each patient sleeping unit and 
with provisions
for privacy.
d.
The occupant load for seasonal outdoor seating and entertainment a
reas shall be included when determining the minimum number of facilities 
required.
e.
The minimum number of required drinking foundations shall comply with Table 403.1 and Chapter 11 of the 
New York City Building Code.
f.
For the purposes of this table onl
y, “Bar” shall mean a business establishment or a portion of a nonprofit entity devoted primarily to the selling 
and serving of alcoholic beverages for consumption by the public, guests, patrons, or members on the premises and in which th
e serving of 
food 
is only incidental.
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
g.
The total number of occupants for a single establishment comprising of a restaurant with an accessory bar shall be considered
as a restaurant 
for the purposes of determining the minimum number of plumbing fixtures.
h.
As per the 
New York City Building Code.
i.
The requirements for the number of water closets for a total occupancy of 150 persons or fewer shall not apply to bars except
that, subject to 
the requirements of Section 403.2.1, there shall be at least one 
water closet for men and at least one water closet for women or at least two 
single
-
occupant toilet rooms.
j.
The number of fixtures for building or nonaccessory tenant space used for assembly purposes by fewer than 75 persons and clas
sified as Group 
B occ
upancy in accordance with Section 303.1, Exception 2 of the 
New York City Building Code 
shall be permitted to be calculated in 
accordance with the requirements for Assembly occupancies.
k.
In addition to the requirements of Table 403.1, residential occupan
cies I
-
1, R
-
1, R
-
2, and R
-
3 shall provide fixtures in compliance with the 
requirements of Section 614 for emergency drinking water access.
m.
For business and mercantile occupancies with an occupant load of 15 or fewer, service sinks shall not be required.
n.
Libraries that are not classified as accessory to Group E per Section 304.1 of the 
New York City Building Code
shall comply with fixture counts 
for Group B occupancies.
403.1.1 Fixture calculations.
To determine the occupant load of each sex, the total
occupant load shall be divided 
in half
. To determine the required number of fixtures, the fixture ratio or ratios for each fixture type shall be 
applied to the occupant load of each sex in accordance with Table 403.1. 
Fractional numbers resulting from ap-
p
lying the fixture ratios of Table 403.1 shall be rounded up to the next whole number. For calculations involving 
multiple occupancies, such fractional numbers for each occupancy shall first be summed and then rounded up to 
the next whole number.
Fixture ca
lculations in Group B office occupancies shall utilize the total occupant load on 
a given floor to determine the number of fixtures required for that floor.
Exception: 
The total occupant load shall not be required to be divided in half where approved stati
stical data 
indicates a distribution of the sexes of other than 50 percent of each sex.
403.1.2 Family or assisted
-
use toilet and bath fixtures.
Fixtures located within family or assisted
-
use toilet and 
bathing rooms required by Section 1109.2.1 of the 
New
York City 
Building Code 
are permitted to be included in 
the number of required fixtures for either the male or female occupants in assembly and mercantile occupancies.
403.1.3 Single
-
occupant toilet fixtures. 
Fixtures located within single
-
occupant toilet
rooms are permitted to be 
included in the number of fixtures required by Section 403, or where applicable the 
1968 Building Code
, for either 
the male or the female occupants. Fixtures located within toilet rooms subject to the exception of Section 403.2.1
are permitted to be included in the number of fixtures required by Section 403, or where applicable the 
1968 Build-
ing Code
, only for that sex.
403.2 Separate facilities.
Where plumbing fixtures are required, separate facilities shall be provided for each 
sex.
Exceptions:
1.
Separate facilities shall not be required for dwelling units and sleeping units.
2.
In structures or tenant spaces where combined employee and public toilet facilities are provided in accord-
ance with Section 403.3, separate facilities 
shall not be required where the total number of employees, cus-
tomers, patrons and visitors is 30 or fewer.
3.
In structures or tenant spaces where required toilet facilities for only employee use are provided in accordance 
with Section 403.3, separate faci
lities shall not be required where the total number of employees is 30 or 
fewer.
4.
In structures or tenant spaces where required toilet facilities for only public use are provided in accordance 
with Section 403.3, separate facilities shall not be required
where the total number of customers, patrons and 
visitors is 30 or fewer.
‡‡‡
403.2.1 Family or assisted
-
use toilet facilities serving as separate facilities. 
Where a building or tenant 
space requires a separate toilet facility for each sex and each 
toilet facility is required to have only one water closet, 
two
-
family or assisted
-
use toilet facilities shall be permitted to serve as the required separate facilities. Family or 
assisted
-
use toilet facilities shall not be required to be identified for exc
lusive use by either sex as required by 
Section 403.4.
403.2.2 Single
-
occupant toilet rooms. 
All single
-
occupant toilet rooms shall be made available for use by persons 
of any sex. Existing toilet rooms shall comply with this section. Nothing in this secti
on shall be construed to affect 
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
or alter the number of toilet rooms in a building otherwise required pursuant to this code or where applicable the 
1968 Building Code
.
Exception: 
Where egress from a single
-
occupant toilet room is through a room permissibly 
restricted by sex.
403.3 Required employee and public toilet facilities.
Employees shall be provided with toilet facilities in all occu-
pancies. The number of plumbing fixtures located within the required employee toilet facilities shall be provided in 
acco
rdance with Section 403 for all employees. Customers, patrons and visitors shall be provided with public toilet 
facilities in structures and tenant spaces intended for public utilization. The number of plumbing fixtures located 
within the required public t
oilet facilities shall be provided in accordance with Section 403 for all customers, patrons 
and visitors. Employee and public toilet facilities may be separate or combined. Where combined facilities are pro-
vided, the number of plumbing fixtures shall be i
n accordance with Section 403 for all users. 
Exception:
Public utilization of toilet facilities shall not be required for:
1.
Food service establishments, as defined in Section 81.03 of the 
New York City Health Code
, with a seating 
capacity of less than 2
0, provided such establishments are less than 10,000 square feet (929 m
2
).
2.
Establishments less than 10,000 square feet (929 m
2
) classified as Occupancy Group B or M pursuant to 
Sections 304.1 and 309.1 of the 
New York City Building Code
, respectively, p
rovided however that this 
exception shall not apply to a building or nonaccessory tenant space used for assembly purposes by fewer 
than 75 persons and classified as a Group B occupancy in accordance with Section 303.1.2 of the 
New York 
City Building Code
.
403.3.1 Access.
The route to the public toilet facilities required by Section 403.3 shall not pass through kitchens, 
storage rooms or closets. Access to the required facilities shall be from within the building or from the exterior of 
the building.
Routes
shall comply with the accessibility requirements of the 
New York City 
Building Code
. 
The 
public
shall have access to the required toilet facilities at all times that the building is occupied.
403.3.2 Prohibited toilet room location.
Toilet rooms shall not 
open directly into a room used for the preparation 
of food for service to the public.
403.3.3 Location of toilet facilities in occupancies other than malls.
In occupancies other than covered and open 
mall buildings, the required public and employee toilet facilities shall be located not more than one story above or 
below the space required to be provided with toilet facilities, and the path of travel to such f
acilities shall not exceed 
a distance of 500 feet (152 m).
Exception: 
The location and maximum
distances of travel to required employee facilities in factory and indus-
trial occupancies are permitted to exceed that required by this section, provided that th
e location and maximum 
distance of travel are approved.
403.3.4 Location of toilet facilities in malls.
In covered and open mall buildings, the required public and employee 
toilet facilities shall be located not more than one story above or below the space
required to be provided with toilet 
facilities, and the path of travel to such facilities shall not exceed a distance of 300 feet (91 m). In
mall buildings, 
the required facilities shall be based on total square footage within a covered mall building or w
ithin the perimeter 
line of an open mall building, and facilities shall be installed in each individual store or in a central toilet area 
located in accordance with this section. The maximum distance of travel to central toilet facilities in mall buildings
shall be measured from the main entrance of any store or tenant space. In
mall buildings, where employees’ toilet 
facilities are not provided in the individual store, the maximum distance of travel shall be measured from the em-
ployees’ work area of the st
ore or tenant space.
403.3.5 Pay facilities.
Where pay facilities are installed, such facilities shall be in excess of
the required minimum 
facilities. Required facilities shall be free of charge.
403.3.6 Door locking. 
Where a toilet room is provided for the use of multiple occupants, the egress door for the 
room shall not be lockable from the inside of the room. This sec
tion does not apply to family or assisted
-
use toilet 
rooms.
403.4 Signage.
Required public facilities shall be designated by a legible sign for each sex or, for a single
-
occupant 
toilet room, for all sexes. Signs shall be readily visible and located near t
he entrance to each toilet facility. Existing 
single
-
occupant toilet rooms shall comply with this requirement.
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
403.4.1 Directional signage.
Directional signage indicating the route to the required public toilet facilities shall be 
posted in 
accordance with
Section 1110 of the New York City Building Code. Such signage shall be located in 
a 
lobby, corridor, aisle or similar space, such that the sign can be readily seen from the main entrance to the 
building 
or tenant space
.
403.5 Drinking fountain location. 
D
rinking fountains shall not be required to be located in individual tenant spaces 
provided that public drinking fountains are located on each story within a distance of travel of 500 feet (152 m) of the 
most remote location in the tenant space on such stor
y. Where the tenant space is in a covered or open mall, such 
distance shall not exceed 300 feet (91 m). Drinking fountains shall be located on an accessible route.
SECTION 
PC
404
ACCESSIBLE PLUMBING FACILITIES
404.1 Where required.
Accessible plumbing faci
lities and fixtures shall be provided in accordance with the 
New 
York City 
Building Code
.
404.2 Accessible fixture requirements. 
Accessible plumbing fixtures shall be installed with the clearances, heights, 
spacings and arrangements in accordance with ICC 
A117.1.
404.3 Exposed pipes and surfaces. 
Water supply and drain pipes under accessible lavatories and sinks shall be cov-
ered or otherwise configured to protect against contact. Pipe coverings shall comply with ASME A112.18.9.
SECTION PC 405
INSTALLATION O
F FIXTURES
405.1 Water supply protection.
The supply lines and fittings for every plumbing fixture shall be installed so as to 
prevent backflow.
405.2 Access for cleaning.
Plumbing fixtures shall be installed so as to
afford easy access for cleaning both the fixture 
and the area around the fixture.
405.3 Setting.
Fixtures shall be set level and in proper alignment with reference to adjacent walls.
405.3.1 Water closets, urinals, lavatories and bidets.
A water closet, u
rinal, lavatory or bidet shall not be set 
closer than 15 inches (381 mm) from its center to any side wall, partition, vanity or other obstruction, or closer than 
30 inches (762 mm) center to center between adjacent fixtures. There shall be 
not less than
a 
21
-
inch (533 mm) 
clearance in front of the water closet, urinal, lavatory or bidet to any wall, fixture or door. Water closet compart-
ments shall be not less than 30 inches (762 mm) 
in width
and not less than 60 inches (1524 mm) in depth for floor
-
mounted w
ater closets and not less than 30 inches (762 mm) in width and 56 inches (1422 mm) in depth for wall
-
hung water closets.
405.3.2 Public lavatories.
In employee and public toilet rooms, the required lavatory shall be located in the same 
room as the required
water closet.
405.3.3 Location of fixtures and piping. 
Piping, fixtures or equipment shall not be located in such a manner as to 
interfere with the normal operation of windows, doors or other means of egress openings.
405.3.4 Water closet compartment. 
Eac
h water closet utilized by the public or employees shall occupy a separate 
compartment with walls or partitions and a door enclosing the fixtures to ensure privacy.
Exceptions:
1.
Water closet compartments shall not be required in a single
-
occupant toile
t room with a lockable door.
2.
Toilet rooms located in child day care facilities and containing two or more water closets shall be permitted 
to have one water closet without an enclosing compartment.
3.
Toilet areas located within Group I
-
3 housing areas.
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
405.3.5 Urinal partitions. 
Each urinal utilized by the public or employees shall occupy a separate area with walls 
or partitions to provide privacy. The walls or partitions shall begin at a height not greater than 12 inches (305 mm) 
from and extend not le
ss than 60 inches (1524 mm) above the finished floor surface. The walls or partitions shall 
extend from the wall surface at each side of the urinal not less than 18 inches (457 mm) or to a point not less than 
6 inches (152 mm) beyond the outermost front li
p of the urinal measured from the finished backwall surface, 
whichever is greater.
1.
Urinal partitions shall not be required in a single occupant or family/assisted
-
use toilet room with a lockable 
door.
2.
Toilet rooms located in child day care facilities
and containing two or more urinals shall be permitted to have 
one urinal without partitions.
405.4 Floor and wall drainage connections.
Connections between the drain and floor outlet plumbing fixtures shall 
be made with a floor flange or a waste connector and sealing gasket. The waste connector and sealing gasket joint 
shall comply with the joint tightness test of ASME A112.4.3 and shall b
e installed in accordance with the manufac-
turer’s instructions. The flange shall be attached to the drain and anchored to the structure. Connections between the 
drain and wall
-
hung water closets shall be made with an approved extension nipple or horn adapt
or. The water closet 
shall be bolted to the 
carrier
with corrosion
-
resistant bolts or screws. Joints shall be sealed with an approved elasto-
meric gasket, flange
-
to
-
fixture connection complying with ASME A112.4.3 or an approved setting compound.
405.4.1 Flo
or flanges.
Floor flanges for water closets or similar fixtures shall be not less than 0.125 inch (3.2 mm) 
thick for brass, 0.25 inch (6.4 mm) thick for plastic and 0.25 inch (6.4 mm) thick and not less than a 2
-
inch (51 
mm) caulking depth for cast
-
iron or
galvanized malleable iron.
Floor flanges of hard lead shall weigh not less than 1 pound, 9 ounces (0.7 kg) and shall be composed of lead 
alloy with not less than 7.75
-
percent antimony by weight. Closet screws and bolts shall be of brass. Flanges shall 
be 
secured to the building structure with corrosion
-
resistant screws or bolts.
405.4.2 Securing floor outlet fixtures.
Floor outlet fixtures shall be secured to the floor or floor flanges by screws 
or bolts of corrosion
-
resistant material.
405.4.3 
Securing wall
-
hung water closet bowls.
Wall
-
hung
water closet bowls shall be supported by a concealed 
metal carrier that is attached to the building 
structure
so that strain is not transmitted to the closet connector or any 
other part of the plumbing syste
m. The carrier shall conform to ASME A112.6.1M or ASME A112.6.2.
405.5 Water
-
tight joints.
Joints formed where fixtures come in contact with walls or floors shall be sealed.
405.6 Plumbing in mental health centers.
In mental health centers, pipes or traps 
shall not be exposed, and fixtures 
shall be bolted through walls.
405.7 Design of overflows.
Where any fixture is provided with an overflow, the waste shall be designed and installed 
so that standing water in the fixture will not rise in the overflow when 
the stopper is closed, and no water will remain 
in the overflow when the fixture is empty.
Exception:
Existing overflows for bath tubs utilizing standing wastes.
405.7.1 Connection of overflows.
The overflow from any fixture shall discharge into the draina
ge system on the 
inlet or fixture side of the trap.
Exception: 
The overflow from a flush tank serving a water closet or urinal shall discharge into the fixture 
served.
405.8 Slip joint connections.
Slip joints shall be made with an approved elastomeric gas
ket and shall only be installed 
on the trap outlet, trap inlet and within the trap seal. Fixtures with concealed slip joint connections shall be provided 
with an access panel or utility space
not less than
12 inches (305 mm) in its smallest dimension or ot
her approved 
arrangement so as to provide access to the slip joint connections for inspection and repair.
405.9 Design and installation of plumbing fixtures.
Integral fixture fitting mounting surfaces on manufactured 
plumbing fixtures or plumbing fixtures 
constructed on site shall meet the design requirements of 
ASME 
A11
2.19.2/CSA B45.1 or 
ASME A112.19.
3/CSA B45.4.
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
SECTION 
PC
406
AUTOMATIC CLOTHES WASHERS
406.1 Water connection. 
The water supply to an automatic clothes washer shall be protected against backflow by an 
air gap that is integral with the 
machine or 
a backflow preventer shall be installed in accordance with Section
608.
Air 
gaps shall comply with ASME A112.1.2 or A112.
1.3.
406.2 Waste connection.
The waste from an automatic clothes washer shall discharge through an air break into a 
standpipe in accordance with Section 802 or into a laundry sink. The trap and fixture drain for an automatic clothes 
washer standpipe shall 
be 
not less than
2 inches (51 mm) in diameter. The fixture drain for the standpipe serving an 
automatic clothes washer
shall connect to a 
3
-
inch
(76 mm) or larger diameter fixture branch, building drain, or stack. 
Automatic clothes washers that discharge b
y gravity shall be permitted to drain to a waste receptor or an approved 
trench drain.
SECTION 
PC 
407
BATHTUBS
407.1 Approval.
Bathtubs shall conform to 
ASME A112.19.1
/CSA B45.2, 
ASME A112.19.
2/CSA B45.1, 
ASME 
A112.19.3/
CSA B45.4, or CSA B45.5/IAPMO Z124.
407.2 Bathtub waste outlets and overflows. 
Bathtubs shall 
be equipped with a 
waste outlet and an overflow outlet. 
The outlets shall be connected to waste tubing or piping not less than 1
1
/
2
inches (38 mm) in diameter. The waste 
outlet shall be equipped wit
h a water
-
tight stopper.
407.3 Glazing.
Windows and doors within a bathtub enclosure shall conform to the safety glazing requirements of 
the 
New York City 
Building Code
.
407.4 Bathtub enclosure.
Doors 
in
a bathtub enclosure shall conform to ASME A112.19.15.
SECTION
PC
408
BIDETS
408.1 Approval.
Bidets shall conform to 
ASME A112.19.2/CSA B45.1.
408.2 Water connection.
The water supply to a bidet shall be protected against backflow by an air gap or backflow
preventer in accordance with Section 608.13.
408.3 Bidet water temperature.
The discharge water temperature from a bidet fitting shall be limited to a maximum 
temperature of 110°F (43°C) by a water temperature limiting device conforming to ASSE 1070 or CS
A B125.3.
SECTION
PC
409
DISHWASHING MACHINES
409.1 Approval.
Commercial dishwashing machines shall conform to ASSE 1004 and NSF 3. Commercial dishwash-
ing machines with integral gas
-
fired heating must be tested and evaluated in accordance with UL 921.
409.
2 Water connection.
The water supply to a dishwashing machine shall be protected against backflow by an air 
gap that is integral with the machine or a backflow preventer shall be installed in accordance with Section 608. Air 
gaps shall comply with ASME A11
2.1.2 or A112.1.3.
409.3 Waste connection.
The waste connection of a dishwashing machine shall comply with 
Section 802
.
SECTION
PC
410
DRINKING FOUNTAINS
410.1 Approval.
Drinking fountains shall conform to ASME A112.19.1/CSA B45.2
or ASME 
A112.19.2/CSA B45.1
and water coolers shall conform to AHRI 1010. Drinking fountains
and water coolers shall conform to 
NSF 61, 
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
Section 9 and ICC A117.1
. Drinking fountains 
required by Table 403.1 shall be equipped with both a bubbler faucet 
for 
drinking a
nd 
a separate faucet designed for filling a container at least 10 inches (254 mm)
in 
height.
Drinking 
fountains and water coolers shall comply with the lead requirements of Section 605.
410.2 Small occupancies. 
Drinking fountains shall not be required for 
an occupant load of 15 or fewer.
410.3 Required
drinking fountains.
Where water is served in restaurants, drinking fountains shall not be required. 
In other occupancies, where drinking fountains are required, up to 50 percent of required drinking fountains
con-
forming to Section 410.1 may be substituted by dedicated plumbing fixtures with faucets designed for filling a con-
tainer at least 10 inches (254 mm) in height, provided any such dedicated plumbing fixture is adjacent to or readily 
visible from the loca
tion of a drinking fountain conforming to Section 410.1. Bottled water dispensers shall not be 
substituted for required drinking fountains.
410.4 Prohibited location. 
Drinking fountains and plumbing fixtures with faucets permitted to be substituted for 
re
quired drinking fountains shall not be installed in public restrooms.
SECTION
PC
411
EMERGENCY SHOWERS AND EYEWASH STATIONS
411.1 Approval.
Emergency showers and eyewash stations shall conform to ISEA Z358.1.
411.2 Waste connection.
Waste 
connections shall not be required for emergency showers and eyewash stations.
SECTION 
PC
412
FLOOR AND TRENCH DRAINS
412.1 Approval.
Floor drains shall conform to ASME A112.3.1, ASME A112.6.3 or CSA B79. Trench drains shall 
comply with ASME A112.6.3.
412.2
Floor drains.
Floor drains shall have removable strainers.
The floor drain shall be constructed so that the drain 
is capable of being cleaned. Access shall be provided to the drain inlet. Ready access shall be provided to floor drains.
Exception: 
Floor dr
ains serving refrigerated display cases shall be provided with access.
412.3 Size of floor drains.
Floor drains shall have a drain outlet not less than 3 inches (76 mm) in diameter.
412.4 Public laundries and central washing facilities.
In public 
coin
-
operated laundries and in the central washing 
facilities of multiple
-
family dwellings, the rooms containing automatic clothes washers shall be provided with floor 
drains located to readily drain the entire floor area. Such drains shall have an outlet 
of not less than 3 inches (76 mm) 
in diameter
and be provided with lint strainers
.
SECTION 
PC
413
FOOD WASTE 
DISPOSER
UNITS
413.1 Approval.
Domestic food waste 
disposers
shall conform to ASSE 1008 and shall be listed and labeled in ac-
cordance with UL 430
.
Food waste 
disposers
shall not increase the drainage fixture unit load on the sanitary drainage 
system.
Food waste disposers
shall be permitted only within dwelling units.
413.2 Domestic food waste 
disposer
waste outlets.
The outlets of domestic food waste
disposers
shall be connected 
to a drain of not less than 
2 inches (
51 
mm) in diameter
.
413.3 Commercial food waste disposer units. 
Commercial food waste disposers shall be prohibited unless approved 
for use by the Department of Environmental Protection.
4
13.4 Water supply required.
Food
waste 
disposers
shall be provided with a supply of cold water.
‡‡‡ Chapter 4 was amended by 
Local Law 
77 
of 2023
. This law has an effective
 date of June 10, 2023.
CHAPTER 4 
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS 
SECTION 
PC 
401
GENERAL
401.1 Scope. 
This chapter shall govern the materials, design and installation of plumbing fixtures, faucets and fixture 
fittings in accordance with the type of occupancy, and shall provide for the minimum number of fixtures for various 
types of occupancies.
401.2 Prohibited fixtures and connections.
Water closets having a concealed trap seal or an unventilated space or 
having walls that are not thoroughly washed 
at each discharge in accordance with 
ASME 
A112.19.2/CSA B45.1 shall 
be prohibited. Any water closet that permits siphonage of the contents of the bowl back into the tank shall be prohib-
ited. Trough urinals shall be prohibited.
401.3 Water conservation.
The
maximum water flow rates and flush volume for plumbing fixtures and fixture fittings 
shall comply with Section 604.
SECTION 
PC
402
FIXTURE MATERIAL
402.1 Quality of fixtures.
Plumbing fixtures shall be constructed of approved materials, with smooth, imper
vious 
surfaces, free from defects and concealed fouling surfaces, and shall conform to standards cited in this code. All 
porcelain enameled surfaces on plumbing fixtures shall be acid resistant.
402.2 Materials for specialty fixtures.
Materials for special
ty fixtures not otherwise covered in this code shall be of 
stainless steel, soapstone, chemical stoneware or plastic, or shall be lined with lead, copper
-
base alloy, nickel
-
copper 
alloy, corrosion
-
resistant steel or other material especially suited to the application for which the fixture is intended.
402.3 Sheet copper.
Sheet copper for general applications shall conform to ASTM B 152 and shall not weigh less 
than 12 ounces per square foot (3.7 kg/m
2
).
402.4 Sheet lead.
Sheet lead for pans shall not weigh less than 4 pounds per square foot (19.5 kg/m
2
) and shall be 
coated with an asphalt paint or other approved coating.
SECTION 
PC 
403
MINIMUM PLUMBING FACILITIES
403.1 Minimum number of fixtures.
Plumbing fixtures shall be provided for the type of occupancy and in the min-
imum number shown in Table 403.1. Types of occupancies not shown in Table 403.1 shall be considered individually 
by the 
commissioner.
The number of occupants shall be determined by the 
New York City 
Building Code
. 
Occupancy 
classification sha
ll be determined in accordance with the 
New York City Building Code
.   
TABLE 403.1
MINIMUM NUMBER OF REQUIRED PLUMBING FIXTURES
a 
(See Sections 403.1.1 and 403.2)
NO.
CLASSIFICATION
OCCUPANCY
h
DESCRIPTION
WATER CLOSETS
(URINALS: SEE SECTION 419.2)
LAVATORIES 
BATHTUBS
/ 
SHOWERS
DRINKING 
FOUNTAIN 
(SEE 
SECTION 
410
e
)
OTHER
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
MALE
FEMALE
MALE
FEMALE
1
Assembly
A
-
1
d
Theaters and other 
buildings
for the per-
forming arts and mo-
tion pictures
1 per 70 for 
the first 210 
and 1 per 
125 
for the 
remainder 
exceeding 
210
1 per 35 for 
the first 210 
and 1 per 65 
for the re-
mainder 
ex-
ceeding 210
1 per 200
—
1 per 500
1 service 
sink
A
-
2
d
Nightclubs, bars
f
, 
taverns, dance halls 
and buildings
for 
similar purposes
1 per 75
i
1 per 40
i
1 per 75
—
1 per 
500
1 service 
sink
Restaurants
g
, ban-
quet halls
and food courts
1 per 75
1 per 75
1 per 200
—
1 per 500
1 service 
sink
A
-
3
d
Auditoriums without 
permanent seating, 
art galleries, exhibi-
tion halls, museums, 
lecture halls, arcades 
and 
gymnasiums
1 per 70 for 
the first 210 
and 1 per 
125 
for the 
remainder 
exceeding 
210
1 per 35 for 
the first 210 
and 1 per 65 
for the re-
mainder 
ex-
ceeding 210
1 per 200
—
1 per 500
1 service 
sink
Passenger terminals 
and transportation 
facilities
1 per 
500
1 per 500
1 per 750
—
1 per 1,000
1 service 
sink
Places of worship 
and other religious 
services
1 per 150
1 per 75
1 per 200
—
1 per 1,000
1 service 
sink
A
-
4
Coliseums, arenas, 
skating 
rinks, pools 
and 
tennis 
courts for 
indoor sporting 
events and activities
1 per 75 for 
the first 
1,500 and 1 
per 120 for 
the remainder 
exceeding 
1,500
1 per 40
for 
the first 
1,520 
and
1 per 60 
for the re-
mainder ex-
ceeding 
1,520
1 per
200
1 per
150
—
1 per 1,000
1 service 
sink
A
-
5
Stadiums, 
amuse-
ment parks, bleach-
ers and grandstands 
for outdoor sporting 
events and activities
1 per 75 for 
the
first 
1
,500 and      
1 per 120 for 
the remainder 
exceeding 
1,500
1 per 40 for 
the first 1,520 
and 1 per 60 
for the re-
mainder ex-
ceeding 1,520
1 per 
200
1 
per 
150
—
1 per 1,000
1 service 
sink
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
2
Business
B
j, n
Buildings for the 
transaction
of busi-
ness, professional 
services, other       
services 
including 
merchandise
, office 
buildings
, banks, 
light industrial and 
similar uses
No. of persons for        No. of
each sex          
fixtures
1
–
20                  
1
21
–
45                  
2
46
–
70                  
3
71
–
100                  
4
101
–
140                  5
141
–
190                  6
1 fixture for each additional 
50 persons
No
. of   No. of
persons fix-
tures
for      each        
f                                                    
sex            
f
1
–
25               
1
26
–
50             
2
51
–
75             
3
76
–
115           
4
116
–
160         
5
1 fixture for 
each 
additional 
60 persons
—
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
m
3
Educational
E
Educational facili-
ties, including librar-
ies accessory to 
Group E
1 per 50
1 per 50
—
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
4
Factory and
industrial
F
-
1 and F
-
2
Structures in which 
occupants are 
en-
gaged in work fabri-
cating, assembly or 
processing of prod-
ucts or materials
1 per 100
1 per 100
(see     
Section
411)
1 per 400
1 service 
sink
5
Institutional
I
-
1
k
Residential care
1 per 10
1 per 10
1 per 8
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
I
-
2
Hospitals, 
ambulatory nursing 
home care recipient
1 per room
c
1 per room
c
1 per 15
1 per 100
1 service 
sink per 
floor
Employees, other 
than residential care
b
1 per 25
1 per 35
—
1 per 100
—
Visitors, other than 
residential
care
1 per 75
1 per 
100
—
1 per 500
—
I
-
3
Prisons
b
1 per cell
1 per cell
1 per 15
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
Reformatories, 
de-
tention
centers, and 
correctional 
centers
b
1 per 15
1 per 15
1 per 15
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
Employees
b
1 per 25
1 per 35
—
1 per 100
—
I
-
4
Adult day care and 
child day care
1 per 15
1 per 15
1 per 15
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
6
Mercantile
M
Retail stores, service 
stations, shops, 
salesrooms, markets 
and 
shopping
centers
1 per 500
1 per 750
—
1 per 1,000
1 service 
sink
m
7
Residential
R
-
1
k
Hotels, motels, 
boarding houses 
(transient)
1 per g
uestroom
1 per g
ues-
troom
1 per 
g
uestroom
—
1 service 
sink
R
-
1
k
Dormitories, 
frater-
nities
, sororities
and boarding 
houses (not 
transi-
ent
)
1 per 10
1 per 10
1 per 8
1 per 100
1 
service 
sink
R
-
2
k
Apartment house
1 per dwelling unit
1 per dwelling 
unit
1 per
dwelling
unit
—
1 kitchen 
sink per 
dwelling 
unit; 1 
automatic
clothes 
washer 
connection
per 20 
dwelling 
units
R
-
3
One
-
and two
-
family
dwellings and lodg-
ing houses with five 
or fewer 
guestrooms
1 per dwelling unit
1 per dwelling 
unit
1 per 
dwelling
unit
—
1 kitchen 
sink per 
dwelling 
unit; 1 
automatic
clothes 
washer 
connection
per 
dwelling 
unit
R
-
3
k
Congregate living 
fa-
cilities with 16 or 
fewer persons
1 per 10
1 per 10
1 per 8
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
8
Storage
S
-
1
S
-
2
Structures for the 
storage of goods, 
warehouses, 
store-
house
and freight de-
pots. Low and Mod-
erate Hazard.
1 per 100
1 per 100
See
Section 
411
1 per 
1,000
1 service 
sink
a. 
The fixtures shown are based on one fixture being the minimum required for the number of persons indicated
. Any
fraction of the number of 
persons 
requires an additional fixture.
The number of occupants shall be determined by the 
New York City
Building Code
.
b.
Toilet facilities for employees shall be separate from facilities for inmates or 
care recipients
.
c.
A single
-
occupant toilet room with one water closet and one lavatory se
rving not more than two adjacent patient sleeping units shall be 
permitted 
where such room is pro
vided with direct access from 
each patient sleeping unit and 
with provisions
for privacy.
d.
The occupant load for seasonal outdoor seating and entertainment a
reas shall be included when determining the minimum number of facilities 
required.
e.
The minimum number of required drinking foundations shall comply with Table 403.1 and Chapter 11 of the 
New York City Building Code.
f.
For the purposes of this table onl
y, “Bar” shall mean a business establishment or a portion of a nonprofit entity devoted primarily to the selling 
and serving of alcoholic beverages for consumption by the public, guests, patrons, or members on the premises and in which th
e serving of 
food 
is only incidental.
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
g.
The total number of occupants for a single establishment comprising of a restaurant with an accessory bar shall be considered
as a restaurant 
for the purposes of determining the minimum number of plumbing fixtures.
h.
As per the 
New York City Building Code.
i.
The requirements for the number of water closets for a total occupancy of 150 persons or fewer shall not apply to bars except
that, subject to 
the requirements of Section 403.2.1, there shall be at least one 
water closet for men and at least one water closet for women or at least two 
single
-
occupant toilet rooms.
j.
The number of fixtures for building or nonaccessory tenant space used for assembly purposes by fewer than 75 persons and clas
sified as Group 
B occ
upancy in accordance with Section 303.1, Exception 2 of the 
New York City Building Code 
shall be permitted to be calculated in 
accordance with the requirements for Assembly occupancies.
k.
In addition to the requirements of Table 403.1, residential occupan
cies I
-
1, R
-
1, R
-
2, and R
-
3 shall provide fixtures in compliance with the 
requirements of Section 614 for emergency drinking water access.
m.
For business and mercantile occupancies with an occupant load of 15 or fewer, service sinks shall not be required.
n.
Libraries that are not classified as accessory to Group E per Section 304.1 of the 
New York City Building Code
shall comply with fixture counts 
for Group B occupancies.
403.1.1 Fixture calculations.
To determine the occupant load of each sex, the total
occupant load shall be divided 
in half
. To determine the required number of fixtures, the fixture ratio or ratios for each fixture type shall be 
applied to the occupant load of each sex in accordance with Table 403.1. 
Fractional numbers resulting from ap-
p
lying the fixture ratios of Table 403.1 shall be rounded up to the next whole number. For calculations involving 
multiple occupancies, such fractional numbers for each occupancy shall first be summed and then rounded up to 
the next whole number.
Fixture ca
lculations in Group B office occupancies shall utilize the total occupant load on 
a given floor to determine the number of fixtures required for that floor.
Exception: 
The total occupant load shall not be required to be divided in half where approved stati
stical data 
indicates a distribution of the sexes of other than 50 percent of each sex.
403.1.2 Family or assisted
-
use toilet and bath fixtures.
Fixtures located within family or assisted
-
use toilet and 
bathing rooms required by Section 1109.2.1 of the 
New
York City 
Building Code 
are permitted to be included in 
the number of required fixtures for either the male or female occupants in assembly and mercantile occupancies.
403.1.3 Single
-
occupant toilet fixtures. 
Fixtures located within single
-
occupant toilet
rooms are permitted to be 
included in the number of fixtures required by Section 403, or where applicable the 
1968 Building Code
, for either 
the male or the female occupants. Fixtures located within toilet rooms subject to the exception of Section 403.2.1
are permitted to be included in the number of fixtures required by Section 403, or where applicable the 
1968 Build-
ing Code
, only for that sex.
403.2 Separate facilities.
Where plumbing fixtures are required, separate facilities shall be provided for each 
sex.
Exceptions:
1.
Separate facilities shall not be required for dwelling units and sleeping units.
2.
In structures or tenant spaces where combined employee and public toilet facilities are provided in accord-
ance with Section 403.3, separate facilities 
shall not be required where the total number of employees, cus-
tomers, patrons and visitors is 30 or fewer.
3.
In structures or tenant spaces where required toilet facilities for only employee use are provided in accordance 
with Section 403.3, separate faci
lities shall not be required where the total number of employees is 30 or 
fewer.
4.
In structures or tenant spaces where required toilet facilities for only public use are provided in accordance 
with Section 403.3, separate facilities shall not be required
where the total number of customers, patrons and 
visitors is 30 or fewer.
‡‡‡
403.2.1 Family or assisted
-
use toilet facilities serving as separate facilities. 
Where a building or tenant 
space requires a separate toilet facility for each sex and each 
toilet facility is required to have only one water closet, 
two
-
family or assisted
-
use toilet facilities shall be permitted to serve as the required separate facilities. Family or 
assisted
-
use toilet facilities shall not be required to be identified for exc
lusive use by either sex as required by 
Section 403.4.
403.2.2 Single
-
occupant toilet rooms. 
All single
-
occupant toilet rooms shall be made available for use by persons 
of any sex. Existing toilet rooms shall comply with this section. Nothing in this secti
on shall be construed to affect 
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
or alter the number of toilet rooms in a building otherwise required pursuant to this code or where applicable the 
1968 Building Code
.
Exception: 
Where egress from a single
-
occupant toilet room is through a room permissibly 
restricted by sex.
403.3 Required employee and public toilet facilities.
Employees shall be provided with toilet facilities in all occu-
pancies. The number of plumbing fixtures located within the required employee toilet facilities shall be provided in 
acco
rdance with Section 403 for all employees. Customers, patrons and visitors shall be provided with public toilet 
facilities in structures and tenant spaces intended for public utilization. The number of plumbing fixtures located 
within the required public t
oilet facilities shall be provided in accordance with Section 403 for all customers, patrons 
and visitors. Employee and public toilet facilities may be separate or combined. Where combined facilities are pro-
vided, the number of plumbing fixtures shall be i
n accordance with Section 403 for all users. 
Exception:
Public utilization of toilet facilities shall not be required for:
1.
Food service establishments, as defined in Section 81.03 of the 
New York City Health Code
, with a seating 
capacity of less than 2
0, provided such establishments are less than 10,000 square feet (929 m
2
).
2.
Establishments less than 10,000 square feet (929 m
2
) classified as Occupancy Group B or M pursuant to 
Sections 304.1 and 309.1 of the 
New York City Building Code
, respectively, p
rovided however that this 
exception shall not apply to a building or nonaccessory tenant space used for assembly purposes by fewer 
than 75 persons and classified as a Group B occupancy in accordance with Section 303.1.2 of the 
New York 
City Building Code
.
403.3.1 Access.
The route to the public toilet facilities required by Section 403.3 shall not pass through kitchens, 
storage rooms or closets. Access to the required facilities shall be from within the building or from the exterior of 
the building.
Routes
shall comply with the accessibility requirements of the 
New York City 
Building Code
. 
The 
public
shall have access to the required toilet facilities at all times that the building is occupied.
403.3.2 Prohibited toilet room location.
Toilet rooms shall not 
open directly into a room used for the preparation 
of food for service to the public.
403.3.3 Location of toilet facilities in occupancies other than malls.
In occupancies other than covered and open 
mall buildings, the required public and employee toilet facilities shall be located not more than one story above or 
below the space required to be provided with toilet facilities, and the path of travel to such f
acilities shall not exceed 
a distance of 500 feet (152 m).
Exception: 
The location and maximum
distances of travel to required employee facilities in factory and indus-
trial occupancies are permitted to exceed that required by this section, provided that th
e location and maximum 
distance of travel are approved.
403.3.4 Location of toilet facilities in malls.
In covered and open mall buildings, the required public and employee 
toilet facilities shall be located not more than one story above or below the space
required to be provided with toilet 
facilities, and the path of travel to such facilities shall not exceed a distance of 300 feet (91 m). In
mall buildings, 
the required facilities shall be based on total square footage within a covered mall building or w
ithin the perimeter 
line of an open mall building, and facilities shall be installed in each individual store or in a central toilet area 
located in accordance with this section. The maximum distance of travel to central toilet facilities in mall buildings
shall be measured from the main entrance of any store or tenant space. In
mall buildings, where employees’ toilet 
facilities are not provided in the individual store, the maximum distance of travel shall be measured from the em-
ployees’ work area of the st
ore or tenant space.
403.3.5 Pay facilities.
Where pay facilities are installed, such facilities shall be in excess of
the required minimum 
facilities. Required facilities shall be free of charge.
403.3.6 Door locking. 
Where a toilet room is provided for the use of multiple occupants, the egress door for the 
room shall not be lockable from the inside of the room. This sec
tion does not apply to family or assisted
-
use toilet 
rooms.
403.4 Signage.
Required public facilities shall be designated by a legible sign for each sex or, for a single
-
occupant 
toilet room, for all sexes. Signs shall be readily visible and located near t
he entrance to each toilet facility. Existing 
single
-
occupant toilet rooms shall comply with this requirement.
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
403.4.1 Directional signage.
Directional signage indicating the route to the required public toilet facilities shall be 
posted in 
accordance with
Section 1110 of the New York City Building Code. Such signage shall be located in 
a 
lobby, corridor, aisle or similar space, such that the sign can be readily seen from the main entrance to the 
building 
or tenant space
.
403.5 Drinking fountain location. 
D
rinking fountains shall not be required to be located in individual tenant spaces 
provided that public drinking fountains are located on each story within a distance of travel of 500 feet (152 m) of the 
most remote location in the tenant space on such stor
y. Where the tenant space is in a covered or open mall, such 
distance shall not exceed 300 feet (91 m). Drinking fountains shall be located on an accessible route.
SECTION 
PC
404
ACCESSIBLE PLUMBING FACILITIES
404.1 Where required.
Accessible plumbing faci
lities and fixtures shall be provided in accordance with the 
New 
York City 
Building Code
.
404.2 Accessible fixture requirements. 
Accessible plumbing fixtures shall be installed with the clearances, heights, 
spacings and arrangements in accordance with ICC 
A117.1.
404.3 Exposed pipes and surfaces. 
Water supply and drain pipes under accessible lavatories and sinks shall be cov-
ered or otherwise configured to protect against contact. Pipe coverings shall comply with ASME A112.18.9.
SECTION PC 405
INSTALLATION O
F FIXTURES
405.1 Water supply protection.
The supply lines and fittings for every plumbing fixture shall be installed so as to 
prevent backflow.
405.2 Access for cleaning.
Plumbing fixtures shall be installed so as to
afford easy access for cleaning both the fixture 
and the area around the fixture.
405.3 Setting.
Fixtures shall be set level and in proper alignment with reference to adjacent walls.
405.3.1 Water closets, urinals, lavatories and bidets.
A water closet, u
rinal, lavatory or bidet shall not be set 
closer than 15 inches (381 mm) from its center to any side wall, partition, vanity or other obstruction, or closer than 
30 inches (762 mm) center to center between adjacent fixtures. There shall be 
not less than
a 
21
-
inch (533 mm) 
clearance in front of the water closet, urinal, lavatory or bidet to any wall, fixture or door. Water closet compart-
ments shall be not less than 30 inches (762 mm) 
in width
and not less than 60 inches (1524 mm) in depth for floor
-
mounted w
ater closets and not less than 30 inches (762 mm) in width and 56 inches (1422 mm) in depth for wall
-
hung water closets.
405.3.2 Public lavatories.
In employee and public toilet rooms, the required lavatory shall be located in the same 
room as the required
water closet.
405.3.3 Location of fixtures and piping. 
Piping, fixtures or equipment shall not be located in such a manner as to 
interfere with the normal operation of windows, doors or other means of egress openings.
405.3.4 Water closet compartment. 
Eac
h water closet utilized by the public or employees shall occupy a separate 
compartment with walls or partitions and a door enclosing the fixtures to ensure privacy.
Exceptions:
1.
Water closet compartments shall not be required in a single
-
occupant toile
t room with a lockable door.
2.
Toilet rooms located in child day care facilities and containing two or more water closets shall be permitted 
to have one water closet without an enclosing compartment.
3.
Toilet areas located within Group I
-
3 housing areas.
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
405.3.5 Urinal partitions. 
Each urinal utilized by the public or employees shall occupy a separate area with walls 
or partitions to provide privacy. The walls or partitions shall begin at a height not greater than 12 inches (305 mm) 
from and extend not le
ss than 60 inches (1524 mm) above the finished floor surface. The walls or partitions shall 
extend from the wall surface at each side of the urinal not less than 18 inches (457 mm) or to a point not less than 
6 inches (152 mm) beyond the outermost front li
p of the urinal measured from the finished backwall surface, 
whichever is greater.
1.
Urinal partitions shall not be required in a single occupant or family/assisted
-
use toilet room with a lockable 
door.
2.
Toilet rooms located in child day care facilities
and containing two or more urinals shall be permitted to have 
one urinal without partitions.
405.4 Floor and wall drainage connections.
Connections between the drain and floor outlet plumbing fixtures shall 
be made with a floor flange or a waste connector and sealing gasket. The waste connector and sealing gasket joint 
shall comply with the joint tightness test of ASME A112.4.3 and shall b
e installed in accordance with the manufac-
turer’s instructions. The flange shall be attached to the drain and anchored to the structure. Connections between the 
drain and wall
-
hung water closets shall be made with an approved extension nipple or horn adapt
or. The water closet 
shall be bolted to the 
carrier
with corrosion
-
resistant bolts or screws. Joints shall be sealed with an approved elasto-
meric gasket, flange
-
to
-
fixture connection complying with ASME A112.4.3 or an approved setting compound.
405.4.1 Flo
or flanges.
Floor flanges for water closets or similar fixtures shall be not less than 0.125 inch (3.2 mm) 
thick for brass, 0.25 inch (6.4 mm) thick for plastic and 0.25 inch (6.4 mm) thick and not less than a 2
-
inch (51 
mm) caulking depth for cast
-
iron or
galvanized malleable iron.
Floor flanges of hard lead shall weigh not less than 1 pound, 9 ounces (0.7 kg) and shall be composed of lead 
alloy with not less than 7.75
-
percent antimony by weight. Closet screws and bolts shall be of brass. Flanges shall 
be 
secured to the building structure with corrosion
-
resistant screws or bolts.
405.4.2 Securing floor outlet fixtures.
Floor outlet fixtures shall be secured to the floor or floor flanges by screws 
or bolts of corrosion
-
resistant material.
405.4.3 
Securing wall
-
hung water closet bowls.
Wall
-
hung
water closet bowls shall be supported by a concealed 
metal carrier that is attached to the building 
structure
so that strain is not transmitted to the closet connector or any 
other part of the plumbing syste
m. The carrier shall conform to ASME A112.6.1M or ASME A112.6.2.
405.5 Water
-
tight joints.
Joints formed where fixtures come in contact with walls or floors shall be sealed.
405.6 Plumbing in mental health centers.
In mental health centers, pipes or traps 
shall not be exposed, and fixtures 
shall be bolted through walls.
405.7 Design of overflows.
Where any fixture is provided with an overflow, the waste shall be designed and installed 
so that standing water in the fixture will not rise in the overflow when 
the stopper is closed, and no water will remain 
in the overflow when the fixture is empty.
Exception:
Existing overflows for bath tubs utilizing standing wastes.
405.7.1 Connection of overflows.
The overflow from any fixture shall discharge into the draina
ge system on the 
inlet or fixture side of the trap.
Exception: 
The overflow from a flush tank serving a water closet or urinal shall discharge into the fixture 
served.
405.8 Slip joint connections.
Slip joints shall be made with an approved elastomeric gas
ket and shall only be installed 
on the trap outlet, trap inlet and within the trap seal. Fixtures with concealed slip joint connections shall be provided 
with an access panel or utility space
not less than
12 inches (305 mm) in its smallest dimension or ot
her approved 
arrangement so as to provide access to the slip joint connections for inspection and repair.
405.9 Design and installation of plumbing fixtures.
Integral fixture fitting mounting surfaces on manufactured 
plumbing fixtures or plumbing fixtures 
constructed on site shall meet the design requirements of 
ASME 
A11
2.19.2/CSA B45.1 or 
ASME A112.19.
3/CSA B45.4.
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
SECTION 
PC
406
AUTOMATIC CLOTHES WASHERS
406.1 Water connection. 
The water supply to an automatic clothes washer shall be protected against backflow by an 
air gap that is integral with the 
machine or 
a backflow preventer shall be installed in accordance with Section
608.
Air 
gaps shall comply with ASME A112.1.2 or A112.
1.3.
406.2 Waste connection.
The waste from an automatic clothes washer shall discharge through an air break into a 
standpipe in accordance with Section 802 or into a laundry sink. The trap and fixture drain for an automatic clothes 
washer standpipe shall 
be 
not less than
2 inches (51 mm) in diameter. The fixture drain for the standpipe serving an 
automatic clothes washer
shall connect to a 
3
-
inch
(76 mm) or larger diameter fixture branch, building drain, or stack. 
Automatic clothes washers that discharge b
y gravity shall be permitted to drain to a waste receptor or an approved 
trench drain.
SECTION 
PC 
407
BATHTUBS
407.1 Approval.
Bathtubs shall conform to 
ASME A112.19.1
/CSA B45.2, 
ASME A112.19.
2/CSA B45.1, 
ASME 
A112.19.3/
CSA B45.4, or CSA B45.5/IAPMO Z124.
407.2 Bathtub waste outlets and overflows. 
Bathtubs shall 
be equipped with a 
waste outlet and an overflow outlet. 
The outlets shall be connected to waste tubing or piping not less than 1
1
/
2
inches (38 mm) in diameter. The waste 
outlet shall be equipped wit
h a water
-
tight stopper.
407.3 Glazing.
Windows and doors within a bathtub enclosure shall conform to the safety glazing requirements of 
the 
New York City 
Building Code
.
407.4 Bathtub enclosure.
Doors 
in
a bathtub enclosure shall conform to ASME A112.19.15.
SECTION
PC
408
BIDETS
408.1 Approval.
Bidets shall conform to 
ASME A112.19.2/CSA B45.1.
408.2 Water connection.
The water supply to a bidet shall be protected against backflow by an air gap or backflow
preventer in accordance with Section 608.13.
408.3 Bidet water temperature.
The discharge water temperature from a bidet fitting shall be limited to a maximum 
temperature of 110°F (43°C) by a water temperature limiting device conforming to ASSE 1070 or CS
A B125.3.
SECTION
PC
409
DISHWASHING MACHINES
409.1 Approval.
Commercial dishwashing machines shall conform to ASSE 1004 and NSF 3. Commercial dishwash-
ing machines with integral gas
-
fired heating must be tested and evaluated in accordance with UL 921.
409.
2 Water connection.
The water supply to a dishwashing machine shall be protected against backflow by an air 
gap that is integral with the machine or a backflow preventer shall be installed in accordance with Section 608. Air 
gaps shall comply with ASME A11
2.1.2 or A112.1.3.
409.3 Waste connection.
The waste connection of a dishwashing machine shall comply with 
Section 802
.
SECTION
PC
410
DRINKING FOUNTAINS
410.1 Approval.
Drinking fountains shall conform to ASME A112.19.1/CSA B45.2
or ASME 
A112.19.2/CSA B45.1
and water coolers shall conform to AHRI 1010. Drinking fountains
and water coolers shall conform to 
NSF 61, 
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
Section 9 and ICC A117.1
. Drinking fountains 
required by Table 403.1 shall be equipped with both a bubbler faucet 
for 
drinking a
nd 
a separate faucet designed for filling a container at least 10 inches (254 mm)
in 
height.
Drinking 
fountains and water coolers shall comply with the lead requirements of Section 605.
410.2 Small occupancies. 
Drinking fountains shall not be required for 
an occupant load of 15 or fewer.
410.3 Required
drinking fountains.
Where water is served in restaurants, drinking fountains shall not be required. 
In other occupancies, where drinking fountains are required, up to 50 percent of required drinking fountains
con-
forming to Section 410.1 may be substituted by dedicated plumbing fixtures with faucets designed for filling a con-
tainer at least 10 inches (254 mm) in height, provided any such dedicated plumbing fixture is adjacent to or readily 
visible from the loca
tion of a drinking fountain conforming to Section 410.1. Bottled water dispensers shall not be 
substituted for required drinking fountains.
410.4 Prohibited location. 
Drinking fountains and plumbing fixtures with faucets permitted to be substituted for 
re
quired drinking fountains shall not be installed in public restrooms.
SECTION
PC
411
EMERGENCY SHOWERS AND EYEWASH STATIONS
411.1 Approval.
Emergency showers and eyewash stations shall conform to ISEA Z358.1.
411.2 Waste connection.
Waste 
connections shall not be required for emergency showers and eyewash stations.
SECTION 
PC
412
FLOOR AND TRENCH DRAINS
412.1 Approval.
Floor drains shall conform to ASME A112.3.1, ASME A112.6.3 or CSA B79. Trench drains shall 
comply with ASME A112.6.3.
412.2
Floor drains.
Floor drains shall have removable strainers.
The floor drain shall be constructed so that the drain 
is capable of being cleaned. Access shall be provided to the drain inlet. Ready access shall be provided to floor drains.
Exception: 
Floor dr
ains serving refrigerated display cases shall be provided with access.
412.3 Size of floor drains.
Floor drains shall have a drain outlet not less than 3 inches (76 mm) in diameter.
412.4 Public laundries and central washing facilities.
In public 
coin
-
operated laundries and in the central washing 
facilities of multiple
-
family dwellings, the rooms containing automatic clothes washers shall be provided with floor 
drains located to readily drain the entire floor area. Such drains shall have an outlet 
of not less than 3 inches (76 mm) 
in diameter
and be provided with lint strainers
.
SECTION 
PC
413
FOOD WASTE 
DISPOSER
UNITS
413.1 Approval.
Domestic food waste 
disposers
shall conform to ASSE 1008 and shall be listed and labeled in ac-
cordance with UL 430
.
Food waste 
disposers
shall not increase the drainage fixture unit load on the sanitary drainage 
system.
Food waste disposers
shall be permitted only within dwelling units.
413.2 Domestic food waste 
disposer
waste outlets.
The outlets of domestic food waste
disposers
shall be connected 
to a drain of not less than 
2 inches (
51 
mm) in diameter
.
413.3 Commercial food waste disposer units. 
Commercial food waste disposers shall be prohibited unless approved 
for use by the Department of Environmental Protection.
4
13.4 Water supply required.
Food
waste 
disposers
shall be provided with a supply of cold water.
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
SECTION
PC
414
GARBAGE CAN WASHERS
414.1 Water connection.
The water supply to a garbage can washer shall be protected against backflow by an air gap 
or a 
backflow preventer in accordance with Section 608.13.1, 608.13.2, 608.13.3, 608.13.5, 608.13.6 or 608.13.8.
414.2 Waste connection.
Garbage can washers shall be trapped separately. The receptacle receiving the waste from 
the washer shall have a removable b
asket or strainer to prevent the discharge of large particles into the drainage system.
SECTION 
PC
415
LAUNDRY TRAYS
415.1 Approval.
Laundry trays shall conform to ASME A112.19.1/CSA B45.2, ASME A112.19.2/CSA B45.1, 
ASME A119.19.3/CSA B45.4 or CSA B45.5/IA
PMO Z124.
415.2 Waste outlet.
Each compartment of a laundry tray shall be provided with a waste outlet not less than 1
1
/
2
inches 
(38 mm) in diameter and a strainer or crossbar to restrict the clear opening of the waste outlet.
SECTION PC 416
LAVATORIES
416
.1 Approval.
Lavatories shall conform to ASME A112.19.1/CSA B45.2, ASME A112.19.2/CSA B45.1, ASME 
A112.19.3/CSA B45.4 or CSA B45.5/IAPMO Z124. Group wash
-
up equipment shall conform to the requirements 
of Section 402. Every 20 inches (508 mm) of rim 
space shall be considered as one lavatory.
416.2 Cultured marble lavatories.
Cultured marble vanity tops with an integral lavatory shall conform to 
CSA 
B45.5/IAPMO Z124.
416.3 Lavatory waste outlets.
Lavatories shall have waste outlets not less than 
1
1
/
4
inches (32 mm) in diameter. A 
strainer, pop
-
up stopper, crossbar or other device shall be provided to restrict the clear opening of the waste outlet.
Where a stopper is utilized, a built
-
in overflow sh
all be provided.
416.4 Moveable lavatory systems.
Moveable lavatory systems shall comply with ASME A112.19.12.
416.5 Tempered water for public hand
-
washing facilities.
Tempered water shall be delivered from lavatories and 
group wash fixtures located in pub
lic 
toilet
facilities provided for customers, patrons and visitors. Tempered water 
shall be delivered through an approved water
-
temperature limiting device that conforms to 
ASSE 
1070.
Exception:
Where point of use heaters are installed, outlet water temper
ature shall be regulated to provide tempered 
water.
SECTION 
PC 
417
SHOWERS
417.1 Approval.
Prefabricated showers and shower compartments shall conform to ASME A112.19.2/CSA B45.1 
or CSA B45.5/IAPMO Z124. Shower valves for individual showers shall 
conform to the requirements of Section 
424.3.
417.2 Water supply riser.
Water supply risers from the shower valve to the shower head outlet, whether exposed or 
concealed, shall be attached to the structure. The attachment to the structure shall be made by 
the use of support 
devices designed for use with the specific piping material or by fittings anchored with screws.
417.3 Shower waste outlet.
Waste outlets serving showers shall be 
not less than 
2 inches (
51
mm) in diameter and, 
for other than waste outlet
s in bathtubs, shall have removable strainers not less than 3 inches (76 mm) in diameter 
with strainer openings not less than 
1
/
4
inch (6.4 mm) in 
least
dimension. Where each shower space is not provided 
with an individual waste outlet, the waste outlet sh
all be located and the floor pitched so that waste from one shower 
does not flow over the floor area serving another shower. Waste outlets shall be fastened to the waste pipe in an 
approved manner.
‡‡‡ Chapter 4 was amended by 
Local Law 
77 
of 2023
. This law has an effective
 date of June 10, 2023.
CHAPTER 4 
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS 
SECTION 
PC 
401
GENERAL
401.1 Scope. 
This chapter shall govern the materials, design and installation of plumbing fixtures, faucets and fixture 
fittings in accordance with the type of occupancy, and shall provide for the minimum number of fixtures for various 
types of occupancies.
401.2 Prohibited fixtures and connections.
Water closets having a concealed trap seal or an unventilated space or 
having walls that are not thoroughly washed 
at each discharge in accordance with 
ASME 
A112.19.2/CSA B45.1 shall 
be prohibited. Any water closet that permits siphonage of the contents of the bowl back into the tank shall be prohib-
ited. Trough urinals shall be prohibited.
401.3 Water conservation.
The
maximum water flow rates and flush volume for plumbing fixtures and fixture fittings 
shall comply with Section 604.
SECTION 
PC
402
FIXTURE MATERIAL
402.1 Quality of fixtures.
Plumbing fixtures shall be constructed of approved materials, with smooth, imper
vious 
surfaces, free from defects and concealed fouling surfaces, and shall conform to standards cited in this code. All 
porcelain enameled surfaces on plumbing fixtures shall be acid resistant.
402.2 Materials for specialty fixtures.
Materials for special
ty fixtures not otherwise covered in this code shall be of 
stainless steel, soapstone, chemical stoneware or plastic, or shall be lined with lead, copper
-
base alloy, nickel
-
copper 
alloy, corrosion
-
resistant steel or other material especially suited to the application for which the fixture is intended.
402.3 Sheet copper.
Sheet copper for general applications shall conform to ASTM B 152 and shall not weigh less 
than 12 ounces per square foot (3.7 kg/m
2
).
402.4 Sheet lead.
Sheet lead for pans shall not weigh less than 4 pounds per square foot (19.5 kg/m
2
) and shall be 
coated with an asphalt paint or other approved coating.
SECTION 
PC 
403
MINIMUM PLUMBING FACILITIES
403.1 Minimum number of fixtures.
Plumbing fixtures shall be provided for the type of occupancy and in the min-
imum number shown in Table 403.1. Types of occupancies not shown in Table 403.1 shall be considered individually 
by the 
commissioner.
The number of occupants shall be determined by the 
New York City 
Building Code
. 
Occupancy 
classification sha
ll be determined in accordance with the 
New York City Building Code
.   
TABLE 403.1
MINIMUM NUMBER OF REQUIRED PLUMBING FIXTURES
a 
(See Sections 403.1.1 and 403.2)
NO.
CLASSIFICATION
OCCUPANCY
h
DESCRIPTION
WATER CLOSETS
(URINALS: SEE SECTION 419.2)
LAVATORIES 
BATHTUBS
/ 
SHOWERS
DRINKING 
FOUNTAIN 
(SEE 
SECTION 
410
e
)
OTHER
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
MALE
FEMALE
MALE
FEMALE
1
Assembly
A
-
1
d
Theaters and other 
buildings
for the per-
forming arts and mo-
tion pictures
1 per 70 for 
the first 210 
and 1 per 
125 
for the 
remainder 
exceeding 
210
1 per 35 for 
the first 210 
and 1 per 65 
for the re-
mainder 
ex-
ceeding 210
1 per 200
—
1 per 500
1 service 
sink
A
-
2
d
Nightclubs, bars
f
, 
taverns, dance halls 
and buildings
for 
similar purposes
1 per 75
i
1 per 40
i
1 per 75
—
1 per 
500
1 service 
sink
Restaurants
g
, ban-
quet halls
and food courts
1 per 75
1 per 75
1 per 200
—
1 per 500
1 service 
sink
A
-
3
d
Auditoriums without 
permanent seating, 
art galleries, exhibi-
tion halls, museums, 
lecture halls, arcades 
and 
gymnasiums
1 per 70 for 
the first 210 
and 1 per 
125 
for the 
remainder 
exceeding 
210
1 per 35 for 
the first 210 
and 1 per 65 
for the re-
mainder 
ex-
ceeding 210
1 per 200
—
1 per 500
1 service 
sink
Passenger terminals 
and transportation 
facilities
1 per 
500
1 per 500
1 per 750
—
1 per 1,000
1 service 
sink
Places of worship 
and other religious 
services
1 per 150
1 per 75
1 per 200
—
1 per 1,000
1 service 
sink
A
-
4
Coliseums, arenas, 
skating 
rinks, pools 
and 
tennis 
courts for 
indoor sporting 
events and activities
1 per 75 for 
the first 
1,500 and 1 
per 120 for 
the remainder 
exceeding 
1,500
1 per 40
for 
the first 
1,520 
and
1 per 60 
for the re-
mainder ex-
ceeding 
1,520
1 per
200
1 per
150
—
1 per 1,000
1 service 
sink
A
-
5
Stadiums, 
amuse-
ment parks, bleach-
ers and grandstands 
for outdoor sporting 
events and activities
1 per 75 for 
the
first 
1
,500 and      
1 per 120 for 
the remainder 
exceeding 
1,500
1 per 40 for 
the first 1,520 
and 1 per 60 
for the re-
mainder ex-
ceeding 1,520
1 per 
200
1 
per 
150
—
1 per 1,000
1 service 
sink
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
2
Business
B
j, n
Buildings for the 
transaction
of busi-
ness, professional 
services, other       
services 
including 
merchandise
, office 
buildings
, banks, 
light industrial and 
similar uses
No. of persons for        No. of
each sex          
fixtures
1
–
20                  
1
21
–
45                  
2
46
–
70                  
3
71
–
100                  
4
101
–
140                  5
141
–
190                  6
1 fixture for each additional 
50 persons
No
. of   No. of
persons fix-
tures
for      each        
f                                                    
sex            
f
1
–
25               
1
26
–
50             
2
51
–
75             
3
76
–
115           
4
116
–
160         
5
1 fixture for 
each 
additional 
60 persons
—
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
m
3
Educational
E
Educational facili-
ties, including librar-
ies accessory to 
Group E
1 per 50
1 per 50
—
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
4
Factory and
industrial
F
-
1 and F
-
2
Structures in which 
occupants are 
en-
gaged in work fabri-
cating, assembly or 
processing of prod-
ucts or materials
1 per 100
1 per 100
(see     
Section
411)
1 per 400
1 service 
sink
5
Institutional
I
-
1
k
Residential care
1 per 10
1 per 10
1 per 8
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
I
-
2
Hospitals, 
ambulatory nursing 
home care recipient
1 per room
c
1 per room
c
1 per 15
1 per 100
1 service 
sink per 
floor
Employees, other 
than residential care
b
1 per 25
1 per 35
—
1 per 100
—
Visitors, other than 
residential
care
1 per 75
1 per 
100
—
1 per 500
—
I
-
3
Prisons
b
1 per cell
1 per cell
1 per 15
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
Reformatories, 
de-
tention
centers, and 
correctional 
centers
b
1 per 15
1 per 15
1 per 15
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
Employees
b
1 per 25
1 per 35
—
1 per 100
—
I
-
4
Adult day care and 
child day care
1 per 15
1 per 15
1 per 15
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
6
Mercantile
M
Retail stores, service 
stations, shops, 
salesrooms, markets 
and 
shopping
centers
1 per 500
1 per 750
—
1 per 1,000
1 service 
sink
m
7
Residential
R
-
1
k
Hotels, motels, 
boarding houses 
(transient)
1 per g
uestroom
1 per g
ues-
troom
1 per 
g
uestroom
—
1 service 
sink
R
-
1
k
Dormitories, 
frater-
nities
, sororities
and boarding 
houses (not 
transi-
ent
)
1 per 10
1 per 10
1 per 8
1 per 100
1 
service 
sink
R
-
2
k
Apartment house
1 per dwelling unit
1 per dwelling 
unit
1 per
dwelling
unit
—
1 kitchen 
sink per 
dwelling 
unit; 1 
automatic
clothes 
washer 
connection
per 20 
dwelling 
units
R
-
3
One
-
and two
-
family
dwellings and lodg-
ing houses with five 
or fewer 
guestrooms
1 per dwelling unit
1 per dwelling 
unit
1 per 
dwelling
unit
—
1 kitchen 
sink per 
dwelling 
unit; 1 
automatic
clothes 
washer 
connection
per 
dwelling 
unit
R
-
3
k
Congregate living 
fa-
cilities with 16 or 
fewer persons
1 per 10
1 per 10
1 per 8
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
8
Storage
S
-
1
S
-
2
Structures for the 
storage of goods, 
warehouses, 
store-
house
and freight de-
pots. Low and Mod-
erate Hazard.
1 per 100
1 per 100
See
Section 
411
1 per 
1,000
1 service 
sink
a. 
The fixtures shown are based on one fixture being the minimum required for the number of persons indicated
. Any
fraction of the number of 
persons 
requires an additional fixture.
The number of occupants shall be determined by the 
New York City
Building Code
.
b.
Toilet facilities for employees shall be separate from facilities for inmates or 
care recipients
.
c.
A single
-
occupant toilet room with one water closet and one lavatory se
rving not more than two adjacent patient sleeping units shall be 
permitted 
where such room is pro
vided with direct access from 
each patient sleeping unit and 
with provisions
for privacy.
d.
The occupant load for seasonal outdoor seating and entertainment a
reas shall be included when determining the minimum number of facilities 
required.
e.
The minimum number of required drinking foundations shall comply with Table 403.1 and Chapter 11 of the 
New York City Building Code.
f.
For the purposes of this table onl
y, “Bar” shall mean a business establishment or a portion of a nonprofit entity devoted primarily to the selling 
and serving of alcoholic beverages for consumption by the public, guests, patrons, or members on the premises and in which th
e serving of 
food 
is only incidental.
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
g.
The total number of occupants for a single establishment comprising of a restaurant with an accessory bar shall be considered
as a restaurant 
for the purposes of determining the minimum number of plumbing fixtures.
h.
As per the 
New York City Building Code.
i.
The requirements for the number of water closets for a total occupancy of 150 persons or fewer shall not apply to bars except
that, subject to 
the requirements of Section 403.2.1, there shall be at least one 
water closet for men and at least one water closet for women or at least two 
single
-
occupant toilet rooms.
j.
The number of fixtures for building or nonaccessory tenant space used for assembly purposes by fewer than 75 persons and clas
sified as Group 
B occ
upancy in accordance with Section 303.1, Exception 2 of the 
New York City Building Code 
shall be permitted to be calculated in 
accordance with the requirements for Assembly occupancies.
k.
In addition to the requirements of Table 403.1, residential occupan
cies I
-
1, R
-
1, R
-
2, and R
-
3 shall provide fixtures in compliance with the 
requirements of Section 614 for emergency drinking water access.
m.
For business and mercantile occupancies with an occupant load of 15 or fewer, service sinks shall not be required.
n.
Libraries that are not classified as accessory to Group E per Section 304.1 of the 
New York City Building Code
shall comply with fixture counts 
for Group B occupancies.
403.1.1 Fixture calculations.
To determine the occupant load of each sex, the total
occupant load shall be divided 
in half
. To determine the required number of fixtures, the fixture ratio or ratios for each fixture type shall be 
applied to the occupant load of each sex in accordance with Table 403.1. 
Fractional numbers resulting from ap-
p
lying the fixture ratios of Table 403.1 shall be rounded up to the next whole number. For calculations involving 
multiple occupancies, such fractional numbers for each occupancy shall first be summed and then rounded up to 
the next whole number.
Fixture ca
lculations in Group B office occupancies shall utilize the total occupant load on 
a given floor to determine the number of fixtures required for that floor.
Exception: 
The total occupant load shall not be required to be divided in half where approved stati
stical data 
indicates a distribution of the sexes of other than 50 percent of each sex.
403.1.2 Family or assisted
-
use toilet and bath fixtures.
Fixtures located within family or assisted
-
use toilet and 
bathing rooms required by Section 1109.2.1 of the 
New
York City 
Building Code 
are permitted to be included in 
the number of required fixtures for either the male or female occupants in assembly and mercantile occupancies.
403.1.3 Single
-
occupant toilet fixtures. 
Fixtures located within single
-
occupant toilet
rooms are permitted to be 
included in the number of fixtures required by Section 403, or where applicable the 
1968 Building Code
, for either 
the male or the female occupants. Fixtures located within toilet rooms subject to the exception of Section 403.2.1
are permitted to be included in the number of fixtures required by Section 403, or where applicable the 
1968 Build-
ing Code
, only for that sex.
403.2 Separate facilities.
Where plumbing fixtures are required, separate facilities shall be provided for each 
sex.
Exceptions:
1.
Separate facilities shall not be required for dwelling units and sleeping units.
2.
In structures or tenant spaces where combined employee and public toilet facilities are provided in accord-
ance with Section 403.3, separate facilities 
shall not be required where the total number of employees, cus-
tomers, patrons and visitors is 30 or fewer.
3.
In structures or tenant spaces where required toilet facilities for only employee use are provided in accordance 
with Section 403.3, separate faci
lities shall not be required where the total number of employees is 30 or 
fewer.
4.
In structures or tenant spaces where required toilet facilities for only public use are provided in accordance 
with Section 403.3, separate facilities shall not be required
where the total number of customers, patrons and 
visitors is 30 or fewer.
‡‡‡
403.2.1 Family or assisted
-
use toilet facilities serving as separate facilities. 
Where a building or tenant 
space requires a separate toilet facility for each sex and each 
toilet facility is required to have only one water closet, 
two
-
family or assisted
-
use toilet facilities shall be permitted to serve as the required separate facilities. Family or 
assisted
-
use toilet facilities shall not be required to be identified for exc
lusive use by either sex as required by 
Section 403.4.
403.2.2 Single
-
occupant toilet rooms. 
All single
-
occupant toilet rooms shall be made available for use by persons 
of any sex. Existing toilet rooms shall comply with this section. Nothing in this secti
on shall be construed to affect 
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
or alter the number of toilet rooms in a building otherwise required pursuant to this code or where applicable the 
1968 Building Code
.
Exception: 
Where egress from a single
-
occupant toilet room is through a room permissibly 
restricted by sex.
403.3 Required employee and public toilet facilities.
Employees shall be provided with toilet facilities in all occu-
pancies. The number of plumbing fixtures located within the required employee toilet facilities shall be provided in 
acco
rdance with Section 403 for all employees. Customers, patrons and visitors shall be provided with public toilet 
facilities in structures and tenant spaces intended for public utilization. The number of plumbing fixtures located 
within the required public t
oilet facilities shall be provided in accordance with Section 403 for all customers, patrons 
and visitors. Employee and public toilet facilities may be separate or combined. Where combined facilities are pro-
vided, the number of plumbing fixtures shall be i
n accordance with Section 403 for all users. 
Exception:
Public utilization of toilet facilities shall not be required for:
1.
Food service establishments, as defined in Section 81.03 of the 
New York City Health Code
, with a seating 
capacity of less than 2
0, provided such establishments are less than 10,000 square feet (929 m
2
).
2.
Establishments less than 10,000 square feet (929 m
2
) classified as Occupancy Group B or M pursuant to 
Sections 304.1 and 309.1 of the 
New York City Building Code
, respectively, p
rovided however that this 
exception shall not apply to a building or nonaccessory tenant space used for assembly purposes by fewer 
than 75 persons and classified as a Group B occupancy in accordance with Section 303.1.2 of the 
New York 
City Building Code
.
403.3.1 Access.
The route to the public toilet facilities required by Section 403.3 shall not pass through kitchens, 
storage rooms or closets. Access to the required facilities shall be from within the building or from the exterior of 
the building.
Routes
shall comply with the accessibility requirements of the 
New York City 
Building Code
. 
The 
public
shall have access to the required toilet facilities at all times that the building is occupied.
403.3.2 Prohibited toilet room location.
Toilet rooms shall not 
open directly into a room used for the preparation 
of food for service to the public.
403.3.3 Location of toilet facilities in occupancies other than malls.
In occupancies other than covered and open 
mall buildings, the required public and employee toilet facilities shall be located not more than one story above or 
below the space required to be provided with toilet facilities, and the path of travel to such f
acilities shall not exceed 
a distance of 500 feet (152 m).
Exception: 
The location and maximum
distances of travel to required employee facilities in factory and indus-
trial occupancies are permitted to exceed that required by this section, provided that th
e location and maximum 
distance of travel are approved.
403.3.4 Location of toilet facilities in malls.
In covered and open mall buildings, the required public and employee 
toilet facilities shall be located not more than one story above or below the space
required to be provided with toilet 
facilities, and the path of travel to such facilities shall not exceed a distance of 300 feet (91 m). In
mall buildings, 
the required facilities shall be based on total square footage within a covered mall building or w
ithin the perimeter 
line of an open mall building, and facilities shall be installed in each individual store or in a central toilet area 
located in accordance with this section. The maximum distance of travel to central toilet facilities in mall buildings
shall be measured from the main entrance of any store or tenant space. In
mall buildings, where employees’ toilet 
facilities are not provided in the individual store, the maximum distance of travel shall be measured from the em-
ployees’ work area of the st
ore or tenant space.
403.3.5 Pay facilities.
Where pay facilities are installed, such facilities shall be in excess of
the required minimum 
facilities. Required facilities shall be free of charge.
403.3.6 Door locking. 
Where a toilet room is provided for the use of multiple occupants, the egress door for the 
room shall not be lockable from the inside of the room. This sec
tion does not apply to family or assisted
-
use toilet 
rooms.
403.4 Signage.
Required public facilities shall be designated by a legible sign for each sex or, for a single
-
occupant 
toilet room, for all sexes. Signs shall be readily visible and located near t
he entrance to each toilet facility. Existing 
single
-
occupant toilet rooms shall comply with this requirement.
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
403.4.1 Directional signage.
Directional signage indicating the route to the required public toilet facilities shall be 
posted in 
accordance with
Section 1110 of the New York City Building Code. Such signage shall be located in 
a 
lobby, corridor, aisle or similar space, such that the sign can be readily seen from the main entrance to the 
building 
or tenant space
.
403.5 Drinking fountain location. 
D
rinking fountains shall not be required to be located in individual tenant spaces 
provided that public drinking fountains are located on each story within a distance of travel of 500 feet (152 m) of the 
most remote location in the tenant space on such stor
y. Where the tenant space is in a covered or open mall, such 
distance shall not exceed 300 feet (91 m). Drinking fountains shall be located on an accessible route.
SECTION 
PC
404
ACCESSIBLE PLUMBING FACILITIES
404.1 Where required.
Accessible plumbing faci
lities and fixtures shall be provided in accordance with the 
New 
York City 
Building Code
.
404.2 Accessible fixture requirements. 
Accessible plumbing fixtures shall be installed with the clearances, heights, 
spacings and arrangements in accordance with ICC 
A117.1.
404.3 Exposed pipes and surfaces. 
Water supply and drain pipes under accessible lavatories and sinks shall be cov-
ered or otherwise configured to protect against contact. Pipe coverings shall comply with ASME A112.18.9.
SECTION PC 405
INSTALLATION O
F FIXTURES
405.1 Water supply protection.
The supply lines and fittings for every plumbing fixture shall be installed so as to 
prevent backflow.
405.2 Access for cleaning.
Plumbing fixtures shall be installed so as to
afford easy access for cleaning both the fixture 
and the area around the fixture.
405.3 Setting.
Fixtures shall be set level and in proper alignment with reference to adjacent walls.
405.3.1 Water closets, urinals, lavatories and bidets.
A water closet, u
rinal, lavatory or bidet shall not be set 
closer than 15 inches (381 mm) from its center to any side wall, partition, vanity or other obstruction, or closer than 
30 inches (762 mm) center to center between adjacent fixtures. There shall be 
not less than
a 
21
-
inch (533 mm) 
clearance in front of the water closet, urinal, lavatory or bidet to any wall, fixture or door. Water closet compart-
ments shall be not less than 30 inches (762 mm) 
in width
and not less than 60 inches (1524 mm) in depth for floor
-
mounted w
ater closets and not less than 30 inches (762 mm) in width and 56 inches (1422 mm) in depth for wall
-
hung water closets.
405.3.2 Public lavatories.
In employee and public toilet rooms, the required lavatory shall be located in the same 
room as the required
water closet.
405.3.3 Location of fixtures and piping. 
Piping, fixtures or equipment shall not be located in such a manner as to 
interfere with the normal operation of windows, doors or other means of egress openings.
405.3.4 Water closet compartment. 
Eac
h water closet utilized by the public or employees shall occupy a separate 
compartment with walls or partitions and a door enclosing the fixtures to ensure privacy.
Exceptions:
1.
Water closet compartments shall not be required in a single
-
occupant toile
t room with a lockable door.
2.
Toilet rooms located in child day care facilities and containing two or more water closets shall be permitted 
to have one water closet without an enclosing compartment.
3.
Toilet areas located within Group I
-
3 housing areas.
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
405.3.5 Urinal partitions. 
Each urinal utilized by the public or employees shall occupy a separate area with walls 
or partitions to provide privacy. The walls or partitions shall begin at a height not greater than 12 inches (305 mm) 
from and extend not le
ss than 60 inches (1524 mm) above the finished floor surface. The walls or partitions shall 
extend from the wall surface at each side of the urinal not less than 18 inches (457 mm) or to a point not less than 
6 inches (152 mm) beyond the outermost front li
p of the urinal measured from the finished backwall surface, 
whichever is greater.
1.
Urinal partitions shall not be required in a single occupant or family/assisted
-
use toilet room with a lockable 
door.
2.
Toilet rooms located in child day care facilities
and containing two or more urinals shall be permitted to have 
one urinal without partitions.
405.4 Floor and wall drainage connections.
Connections between the drain and floor outlet plumbing fixtures shall 
be made with a floor flange or a waste connector and sealing gasket. The waste connector and sealing gasket joint 
shall comply with the joint tightness test of ASME A112.4.3 and shall b
e installed in accordance with the manufac-
turer’s instructions. The flange shall be attached to the drain and anchored to the structure. Connections between the 
drain and wall
-
hung water closets shall be made with an approved extension nipple or horn adapt
or. The water closet 
shall be bolted to the 
carrier
with corrosion
-
resistant bolts or screws. Joints shall be sealed with an approved elasto-
meric gasket, flange
-
to
-
fixture connection complying with ASME A112.4.3 or an approved setting compound.
405.4.1 Flo
or flanges.
Floor flanges for water closets or similar fixtures shall be not less than 0.125 inch (3.2 mm) 
thick for brass, 0.25 inch (6.4 mm) thick for plastic and 0.25 inch (6.4 mm) thick and not less than a 2
-
inch (51 
mm) caulking depth for cast
-
iron or
galvanized malleable iron.
Floor flanges of hard lead shall weigh not less than 1 pound, 9 ounces (0.7 kg) and shall be composed of lead 
alloy with not less than 7.75
-
percent antimony by weight. Closet screws and bolts shall be of brass. Flanges shall 
be 
secured to the building structure with corrosion
-
resistant screws or bolts.
405.4.2 Securing floor outlet fixtures.
Floor outlet fixtures shall be secured to the floor or floor flanges by screws 
or bolts of corrosion
-
resistant material.
405.4.3 
Securing wall
-
hung water closet bowls.
Wall
-
hung
water closet bowls shall be supported by a concealed 
metal carrier that is attached to the building 
structure
so that strain is not transmitted to the closet connector or any 
other part of the plumbing syste
m. The carrier shall conform to ASME A112.6.1M or ASME A112.6.2.
405.5 Water
-
tight joints.
Joints formed where fixtures come in contact with walls or floors shall be sealed.
405.6 Plumbing in mental health centers.
In mental health centers, pipes or traps 
shall not be exposed, and fixtures 
shall be bolted through walls.
405.7 Design of overflows.
Where any fixture is provided with an overflow, the waste shall be designed and installed 
so that standing water in the fixture will not rise in the overflow when 
the stopper is closed, and no water will remain 
in the overflow when the fixture is empty.
Exception:
Existing overflows for bath tubs utilizing standing wastes.
405.7.1 Connection of overflows.
The overflow from any fixture shall discharge into the draina
ge system on the 
inlet or fixture side of the trap.
Exception: 
The overflow from a flush tank serving a water closet or urinal shall discharge into the fixture 
served.
405.8 Slip joint connections.
Slip joints shall be made with an approved elastomeric gas
ket and shall only be installed 
on the trap outlet, trap inlet and within the trap seal. Fixtures with concealed slip joint connections shall be provided 
with an access panel or utility space
not less than
12 inches (305 mm) in its smallest dimension or ot
her approved 
arrangement so as to provide access to the slip joint connections for inspection and repair.
405.9 Design and installation of plumbing fixtures.
Integral fixture fitting mounting surfaces on manufactured 
plumbing fixtures or plumbing fixtures 
constructed on site shall meet the design requirements of 
ASME 
A11
2.19.2/CSA B45.1 or 
ASME A112.19.
3/CSA B45.4.
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
SECTION 
PC
406
AUTOMATIC CLOTHES WASHERS
406.1 Water connection. 
The water supply to an automatic clothes washer shall be protected against backflow by an 
air gap that is integral with the 
machine or 
a backflow preventer shall be installed in accordance with Section
608.
Air 
gaps shall comply with ASME A112.1.2 or A112.
1.3.
406.2 Waste connection.
The waste from an automatic clothes washer shall discharge through an air break into a 
standpipe in accordance with Section 802 or into a laundry sink. The trap and fixture drain for an automatic clothes 
washer standpipe shall 
be 
not less than
2 inches (51 mm) in diameter. The fixture drain for the standpipe serving an 
automatic clothes washer
shall connect to a 
3
-
inch
(76 mm) or larger diameter fixture branch, building drain, or stack. 
Automatic clothes washers that discharge b
y gravity shall be permitted to drain to a waste receptor or an approved 
trench drain.
SECTION 
PC 
407
BATHTUBS
407.1 Approval.
Bathtubs shall conform to 
ASME A112.19.1
/CSA B45.2, 
ASME A112.19.
2/CSA B45.1, 
ASME 
A112.19.3/
CSA B45.4, or CSA B45.5/IAPMO Z124.
407.2 Bathtub waste outlets and overflows. 
Bathtubs shall 
be equipped with a 
waste outlet and an overflow outlet. 
The outlets shall be connected to waste tubing or piping not less than 1
1
/
2
inches (38 mm) in diameter. The waste 
outlet shall be equipped wit
h a water
-
tight stopper.
407.3 Glazing.
Windows and doors within a bathtub enclosure shall conform to the safety glazing requirements of 
the 
New York City 
Building Code
.
407.4 Bathtub enclosure.
Doors 
in
a bathtub enclosure shall conform to ASME A112.19.15.
SECTION
PC
408
BIDETS
408.1 Approval.
Bidets shall conform to 
ASME A112.19.2/CSA B45.1.
408.2 Water connection.
The water supply to a bidet shall be protected against backflow by an air gap or backflow
preventer in accordance with Section 608.13.
408.3 Bidet water temperature.
The discharge water temperature from a bidet fitting shall be limited to a maximum 
temperature of 110°F (43°C) by a water temperature limiting device conforming to ASSE 1070 or CS
A B125.3.
SECTION
PC
409
DISHWASHING MACHINES
409.1 Approval.
Commercial dishwashing machines shall conform to ASSE 1004 and NSF 3. Commercial dishwash-
ing machines with integral gas
-
fired heating must be tested and evaluated in accordance with UL 921.
409.
2 Water connection.
The water supply to a dishwashing machine shall be protected against backflow by an air 
gap that is integral with the machine or a backflow preventer shall be installed in accordance with Section 608. Air 
gaps shall comply with ASME A11
2.1.2 or A112.1.3.
409.3 Waste connection.
The waste connection of a dishwashing machine shall comply with 
Section 802
.
SECTION
PC
410
DRINKING FOUNTAINS
410.1 Approval.
Drinking fountains shall conform to ASME A112.19.1/CSA B45.2
or ASME 
A112.19.2/CSA B45.1
and water coolers shall conform to AHRI 1010. Drinking fountains
and water coolers shall conform to 
NSF 61, 
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
Section 9 and ICC A117.1
. Drinking fountains 
required by Table 403.1 shall be equipped with both a bubbler faucet 
for 
drinking a
nd 
a separate faucet designed for filling a container at least 10 inches (254 mm)
in 
height.
Drinking 
fountains and water coolers shall comply with the lead requirements of Section 605.
410.2 Small occupancies. 
Drinking fountains shall not be required for 
an occupant load of 15 or fewer.
410.3 Required
drinking fountains.
Where water is served in restaurants, drinking fountains shall not be required. 
In other occupancies, where drinking fountains are required, up to 50 percent of required drinking fountains
con-
forming to Section 410.1 may be substituted by dedicated plumbing fixtures with faucets designed for filling a con-
tainer at least 10 inches (254 mm) in height, provided any such dedicated plumbing fixture is adjacent to or readily 
visible from the loca
tion of a drinking fountain conforming to Section 410.1. Bottled water dispensers shall not be 
substituted for required drinking fountains.
410.4 Prohibited location. 
Drinking fountains and plumbing fixtures with faucets permitted to be substituted for 
re
quired drinking fountains shall not be installed in public restrooms.
SECTION
PC
411
EMERGENCY SHOWERS AND EYEWASH STATIONS
411.1 Approval.
Emergency showers and eyewash stations shall conform to ISEA Z358.1.
411.2 Waste connection.
Waste 
connections shall not be required for emergency showers and eyewash stations.
SECTION 
PC
412
FLOOR AND TRENCH DRAINS
412.1 Approval.
Floor drains shall conform to ASME A112.3.1, ASME A112.6.3 or CSA B79. Trench drains shall 
comply with ASME A112.6.3.
412.2
Floor drains.
Floor drains shall have removable strainers.
The floor drain shall be constructed so that the drain 
is capable of being cleaned. Access shall be provided to the drain inlet. Ready access shall be provided to floor drains.
Exception: 
Floor dr
ains serving refrigerated display cases shall be provided with access.
412.3 Size of floor drains.
Floor drains shall have a drain outlet not less than 3 inches (76 mm) in diameter.
412.4 Public laundries and central washing facilities.
In public 
coin
-
operated laundries and in the central washing 
facilities of multiple
-
family dwellings, the rooms containing automatic clothes washers shall be provided with floor 
drains located to readily drain the entire floor area. Such drains shall have an outlet 
of not less than 3 inches (76 mm) 
in diameter
and be provided with lint strainers
.
SECTION 
PC
413
FOOD WASTE 
DISPOSER
UNITS
413.1 Approval.
Domestic food waste 
disposers
shall conform to ASSE 1008 and shall be listed and labeled in ac-
cordance with UL 430
.
Food waste 
disposers
shall not increase the drainage fixture unit load on the sanitary drainage 
system.
Food waste disposers
shall be permitted only within dwelling units.
413.2 Domestic food waste 
disposer
waste outlets.
The outlets of domestic food waste
disposers
shall be connected 
to a drain of not less than 
2 inches (
51 
mm) in diameter
.
413.3 Commercial food waste disposer units. 
Commercial food waste disposers shall be prohibited unless approved 
for use by the Department of Environmental Protection.
4
13.4 Water supply required.
Food
waste 
disposers
shall be provided with a supply of cold water.
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
SECTION
PC
414
GARBAGE CAN WASHERS
414.1 Water connection.
The water supply to a garbage can washer shall be protected against backflow by an air gap 
or a 
backflow preventer in accordance with Section 608.13.1, 608.13.2, 608.13.3, 608.13.5, 608.13.6 or 608.13.8.
414.2 Waste connection.
Garbage can washers shall be trapped separately. The receptacle receiving the waste from 
the washer shall have a removable b
asket or strainer to prevent the discharge of large particles into the drainage system.
SECTION 
PC
415
LAUNDRY TRAYS
415.1 Approval.
Laundry trays shall conform to ASME A112.19.1/CSA B45.2, ASME A112.19.2/CSA B45.1, 
ASME A119.19.3/CSA B45.4 or CSA B45.5/IA
PMO Z124.
415.2 Waste outlet.
Each compartment of a laundry tray shall be provided with a waste outlet not less than 1
1
/
2
inches 
(38 mm) in diameter and a strainer or crossbar to restrict the clear opening of the waste outlet.
SECTION PC 416
LAVATORIES
416
.1 Approval.
Lavatories shall conform to ASME A112.19.1/CSA B45.2, ASME A112.19.2/CSA B45.1, ASME 
A112.19.3/CSA B45.4 or CSA B45.5/IAPMO Z124. Group wash
-
up equipment shall conform to the requirements 
of Section 402. Every 20 inches (508 mm) of rim 
space shall be considered as one lavatory.
416.2 Cultured marble lavatories.
Cultured marble vanity tops with an integral lavatory shall conform to 
CSA 
B45.5/IAPMO Z124.
416.3 Lavatory waste outlets.
Lavatories shall have waste outlets not less than 
1
1
/
4
inches (32 mm) in diameter. A 
strainer, pop
-
up stopper, crossbar or other device shall be provided to restrict the clear opening of the waste outlet.
Where a stopper is utilized, a built
-
in overflow sh
all be provided.
416.4 Moveable lavatory systems.
Moveable lavatory systems shall comply with ASME A112.19.12.
416.5 Tempered water for public hand
-
washing facilities.
Tempered water shall be delivered from lavatories and 
group wash fixtures located in pub
lic 
toilet
facilities provided for customers, patrons and visitors. Tempered water 
shall be delivered through an approved water
-
temperature limiting device that conforms to 
ASSE 
1070.
Exception:
Where point of use heaters are installed, outlet water temper
ature shall be regulated to provide tempered 
water.
SECTION 
PC 
417
SHOWERS
417.1 Approval.
Prefabricated showers and shower compartments shall conform to ASME A112.19.2/CSA B45.1 
or CSA B45.5/IAPMO Z124. Shower valves for individual showers shall 
conform to the requirements of Section 
424.3.
417.2 Water supply riser.
Water supply risers from the shower valve to the shower head outlet, whether exposed or 
concealed, shall be attached to the structure. The attachment to the structure shall be made by 
the use of support 
devices designed for use with the specific piping material or by fittings anchored with screws.
417.3 Shower waste outlet.
Waste outlets serving showers shall be 
not less than 
2 inches (
51
mm) in diameter and, 
for other than waste outlet
s in bathtubs, shall have removable strainers not less than 3 inches (76 mm) in diameter 
with strainer openings not less than 
1
/
4
inch (6.4 mm) in 
least
dimension. Where each shower space is not provided 
with an individual waste outlet, the waste outlet sh
all be located and the floor pitched so that waste from one shower 
does not flow over the floor area serving another shower. Waste outlets shall be fastened to the waste pipe in an 
approved manner.
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
417.4 Shower compartments.
Shower
compartments shall 
be no
t less than
900 square inches (0.58 m
2
) 
in
interior 
cross
-
sectional
area. Shower compartments shall be not
less than 30 inches (762 mm) in 
least
dimension as measured 
from the finished interior dimension of the compartment, exclusive of fixture valves, showerheads, soap dishes and 
safety grab bars or rails. Except as required in Section
404, the minimum required area and dimension shall be meas-
ure
d from the finished interior dimension at a height equal to the top of the threshold and at a point tangent to its 
centerline and shall be continued to a height not less than 70 inches (1778 mm) above the shower drain outlet.
417.4.1 Floor and wall area.
B
athtub floors, shower floors, wall areas above built
-
in tubs 
that have
installed 
shower heads and walls in shower compartments shall be constructed of smooth, 
corrosion
-
resistant
and nonabsor-
bent waterproof materials. Wall materials shall extend to a heigh
t of not less than 6 feet (1829 mm) above the room 
floor level, and not less than 70 inches (1778 mm) 
above
the drain of the tub or shower. Such walls shall form a 
water
-
tight joint with each other and with either the tub or shower floor.
417.4.2 Access.
T
he shower compartment access and egress opening shall have a clear and unobstructed finished 
width of not less than 22 inches (559 mm). Shower compartments required to be designed in conformance to ac-
cessibility provisions shall comply with Section 404.1.
417.5 Shower floors or receptors.
Floor surfaces shall be constructed of impervious, noncorrosive, nonabsorbent and 
waterproof materials.
417.5.1 Support.
Floors or receptors under shower compartments shall be laid on, and supported by, a smooth and 
struct
urally sound base.
417.5.2 Shower lining.
Floors under shower compartments, except where prefabricated receptors have been pro-
vided, shall be lined and made water tight utilizing material complying with Sections 417.5.2.1 through 417.5.2.6. 
Such liners sha
ll turn up on all sides 
not less than
2 inches (51 mm) above the finished threshold level. Liners shall 
be recessed and fastened to an approved backing so as not to occupy the space required for wall covering, and shall 
not be nailed or perforated at any p
oint less than 1 inch (25 mm) above the finished threshold. Liners shall be 
pitched one
-
fourth unit vertical in 12 units horizontal (2
-
percent slope) and shall be sloped toward the fixture drains 
and be securely fastened to the waste outlet at the seepage 
entrance, making a water
-
tight joint between the liner 
and the outlet. The completed liner shall be tested in accordance with Section 312.9.
Exceptions:
1.
Floor surfaces under shower heads provided for rinsing laid directly on the ground are not required 
to 
comply with this section.
2.
Where a sheet
-
applied, load
-
bearing, bonded, waterproof membrane is installed as the shower lining, the 
membrane shall not be required to be recessed.
417.5.2.1 PVC sheets.
Plasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC) sheets shall m
eet the requirements of ASTM D 
4551. Sheets shall be joined by solvent welding in accordance with the manufacturer’s installation instructions.
417.5.2.2 Chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) sheets.
Nonplasticized chlorinated polyethylene sheet shall meet 
the re
quirements of ASTM D 4068. The liner shall be joined in accordance with the manufacturer’s installation 
instructions.
417.5.2.3 Sheet lead.
Sheet lead
shall weigh not less than 4 pounds per square foot (19.5 kg/m
2
) and shall be 
coated with an asphalt paint or other approved coating. The lead sheet shall be insulated from conducting sub-
stances other than the connecting drain by 15
-
pound (6.80 kg) asphalt
felt or 
an
equivalent. Sheet lead shall be 
joined by burning or soldering.
417.5.2.4 Sheet copper.
Sheet copper shall conform to ASTM B 152 and shall weigh not
less than 12 ounces 
per square foot (3.7 kg/m
2
). The copper sheet shall be insulated from condu
cting substances other than the 
connecting drain by 15
-
pound (6.80 kg) asphalt felt or 
an
equivalent. Sheet copper shall be joined by brazing or 
soldering.
417.5.2.5 Sheet
-
applied, load
-
bearing, bonded, waterproof membranes.
Sheet
-
applied, load
-
bearing, 
bo
nded, waterproof membranes shall meet requirements of ANSI A118.10 and shall be applied in accordance 
with the manufacturer’s installation instructions.
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
417.5.2.6 Liquid
-
type, trowel
-
applied, load
-
bearing, bonded waterproof materials. 
Liquid
-
type, trowel
-
a
p-
plied, load
-
bearing, bonded waterproof materials shall meet the requirements of ANSI A118.10 and shall be 
applied in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
417.6 Glazing.
Windows and doors within a shower enclosure shall conform to the safety gl
azing requirements of the 
New York City 
Building Code
.
SECTION 
PC 
418
SINKS
418.1 Approval.
Sinks shall conform to ASME A112.19.1/CSA B45.2, ASME A112.19.2/CSA B45.1, ASME 
A112.19.3/CSA B45.4 or CSA B45.5/IAPMO Z124.
418.2 Sink waste outlets.
Sinks shall be provided with waste outlets having a diameter not less than 
1
1
/
2
inches (38 
mm).
A strainer or crossbar shall be provided to restrict the clear opening of the waste outlet.
418.3 Moveable sink systems.
Moveable sink systems shall 
comply with ASME A112.19.12.
SECTION 
PC
419
URINALS
419.1 Approval.
Urinals shall conform to ASME A112.19.2/CSA B45.1, ASME A112.19.19 or CSA B45.5/IAPMO 
Z124. Urinals shall conform to the water consumption requirements of Section 604.4. Water
-
supplied uri
nals shall 
conform to the hydraulic performance requirements of ASME A112.19.2/CSA B45.1 or CSA B45.5/IAPMO Z124.
419.2 Substitution for water closets.
In each bathroom or toilet room, urinals shall not be substituted for more than 
50 percent
of the requir
ed water closets.
419.3 Surrounding material.
Wall and floor space to a point 2 feet (610 mm) in front of a urinal lip and 4 feet (1219 
mm) above the floor and at least 2 feet (610 mm) to each side of the urinal shall be waterproofed with a smooth, 
readily
cleanable, nonabsorbent material.
419.4 Waterless urinals.
Approved waterless urinals may be utilized only as part of an approved building water 
conservation plan prepared in accordance with the rules of the department.
SECTION 
PC 
420
WATER CLOSETS
420.1 
Approval.
Water closets shall conform to the water consumption requirements of Section 604.4 and shall con-
form to 
ASME A112.19.2/CSA B45.1
, ASME A112.19.3/CSA B45.4 or CSA B45.5/IAPMO Z124. Water closets 
shall conform to the hydraulic performance requireme
nts of ASME A112.19.2/CSAB45.1. Water closet tanks shall 
conform to 
ASME A112.19.2/CSA B45.1, 
ASME A112.19.3/CSA B45.4 or CSA B45.5/IAPMO Z124. Electro
-
hy-
draulic water closets shall comply with 
ASME 
A112.19.2/CSA B45.1. Water closets equipped with a 
dual flushing 
device shall comply with ASME A112.19.14.
420.2 Water closets for public or employee toilet facilities.
Water closet bowls for public or employee toilet facili-
ties shall be of the elongated type.
420.3 Water closet seats.
Water closets shall 
be equipped with seats of smooth, nonabsorbent material. All seats of 
water closets provided for public or employee toilet facilities shall be of the hinged open
-
front type. Integral water 
closet seats shall be of the same material as the fixture. Water cl
oset seats shall be sized for the water closet bowl type.
420.4 Water closet connections.
A 4
-
inch by 3
-
inch (102 mm by 76 mm) closet bend shall be acceptable. Where a 
3
-
inch (76 mm) bend is utilized on water closets, a 4
-
inch by 3
-
inch (102 mm by 76 mm) f
lange shall be installed to 
receive the fixture horn
.
‡‡‡ Chapter 4 was amended by 
Local Law 
77 
of 2023
. This law has an effective
 date of June 10, 2023.
CHAPTER 4 
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS 
SECTION 
PC 
401
GENERAL
401.1 Scope. 
This chapter shall govern the materials, design and installation of plumbing fixtures, faucets and fixture 
fittings in accordance with the type of occupancy, and shall provide for the minimum number of fixtures for various 
types of occupancies.
401.2 Prohibited fixtures and connections.
Water closets having a concealed trap seal or an unventilated space or 
having walls that are not thoroughly washed 
at each discharge in accordance with 
ASME 
A112.19.2/CSA B45.1 shall 
be prohibited. Any water closet that permits siphonage of the contents of the bowl back into the tank shall be prohib-
ited. Trough urinals shall be prohibited.
401.3 Water conservation.
The
maximum water flow rates and flush volume for plumbing fixtures and fixture fittings 
shall comply with Section 604.
SECTION 
PC
402
FIXTURE MATERIAL
402.1 Quality of fixtures.
Plumbing fixtures shall be constructed of approved materials, with smooth, imper
vious 
surfaces, free from defects and concealed fouling surfaces, and shall conform to standards cited in this code. All 
porcelain enameled surfaces on plumbing fixtures shall be acid resistant.
402.2 Materials for specialty fixtures.
Materials for special
ty fixtures not otherwise covered in this code shall be of 
stainless steel, soapstone, chemical stoneware or plastic, or shall be lined with lead, copper
-
base alloy, nickel
-
copper 
alloy, corrosion
-
resistant steel or other material especially suited to the application for which the fixture is intended.
402.3 Sheet copper.
Sheet copper for general applications shall conform to ASTM B 152 and shall not weigh less 
than 12 ounces per square foot (3.7 kg/m
2
).
402.4 Sheet lead.
Sheet lead for pans shall not weigh less than 4 pounds per square foot (19.5 kg/m
2
) and shall be 
coated with an asphalt paint or other approved coating.
SECTION 
PC 
403
MINIMUM PLUMBING FACILITIES
403.1 Minimum number of fixtures.
Plumbing fixtures shall be provided for the type of occupancy and in the min-
imum number shown in Table 403.1. Types of occupancies not shown in Table 403.1 shall be considered individually 
by the 
commissioner.
The number of occupants shall be determined by the 
New York City 
Building Code
. 
Occupancy 
classification sha
ll be determined in accordance with the 
New York City Building Code
.   
TABLE 403.1
MINIMUM NUMBER OF REQUIRED PLUMBING FIXTURES
a 
(See Sections 403.1.1 and 403.2)
NO.
CLASSIFICATION
OCCUPANCY
h
DESCRIPTION
WATER CLOSETS
(URINALS: SEE SECTION 419.2)
LAVATORIES 
BATHTUBS
/ 
SHOWERS
DRINKING 
FOUNTAIN 
(SEE 
SECTION 
410
e
)
OTHER
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
MALE
FEMALE
MALE
FEMALE
1
Assembly
A
-
1
d
Theaters and other 
buildings
for the per-
forming arts and mo-
tion pictures
1 per 70 for 
the first 210 
and 1 per 
125 
for the 
remainder 
exceeding 
210
1 per 35 for 
the first 210 
and 1 per 65 
for the re-
mainder 
ex-
ceeding 210
1 per 200
—
1 per 500
1 service 
sink
A
-
2
d
Nightclubs, bars
f
, 
taverns, dance halls 
and buildings
for 
similar purposes
1 per 75
i
1 per 40
i
1 per 75
—
1 per 
500
1 service 
sink
Restaurants
g
, ban-
quet halls
and food courts
1 per 75
1 per 75
1 per 200
—
1 per 500
1 service 
sink
A
-
3
d
Auditoriums without 
permanent seating, 
art galleries, exhibi-
tion halls, museums, 
lecture halls, arcades 
and 
gymnasiums
1 per 70 for 
the first 210 
and 1 per 
125 
for the 
remainder 
exceeding 
210
1 per 35 for 
the first 210 
and 1 per 65 
for the re-
mainder 
ex-
ceeding 210
1 per 200
—
1 per 500
1 service 
sink
Passenger terminals 
and transportation 
facilities
1 per 
500
1 per 500
1 per 750
—
1 per 1,000
1 service 
sink
Places of worship 
and other religious 
services
1 per 150
1 per 75
1 per 200
—
1 per 1,000
1 service 
sink
A
-
4
Coliseums, arenas, 
skating 
rinks, pools 
and 
tennis 
courts for 
indoor sporting 
events and activities
1 per 75 for 
the first 
1,500 and 1 
per 120 for 
the remainder 
exceeding 
1,500
1 per 40
for 
the first 
1,520 
and
1 per 60 
for the re-
mainder ex-
ceeding 
1,520
1 per
200
1 per
150
—
1 per 1,000
1 service 
sink
A
-
5
Stadiums, 
amuse-
ment parks, bleach-
ers and grandstands 
for outdoor sporting 
events and activities
1 per 75 for 
the
first 
1
,500 and      
1 per 120 for 
the remainder 
exceeding 
1,500
1 per 40 for 
the first 1,520 
and 1 per 60 
for the re-
mainder ex-
ceeding 1,520
1 per 
200
1 
per 
150
—
1 per 1,000
1 service 
sink
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
2
Business
B
j, n
Buildings for the 
transaction
of busi-
ness, professional 
services, other       
services 
including 
merchandise
, office 
buildings
, banks, 
light industrial and 
similar uses
No. of persons for        No. of
each sex          
fixtures
1
–
20                  
1
21
–
45                  
2
46
–
70                  
3
71
–
100                  
4
101
–
140                  5
141
–
190                  6
1 fixture for each additional 
50 persons
No
. of   No. of
persons fix-
tures
for      each        
f                                                    
sex            
f
1
–
25               
1
26
–
50             
2
51
–
75             
3
76
–
115           
4
116
–
160         
5
1 fixture for 
each 
additional 
60 persons
—
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
m
3
Educational
E
Educational facili-
ties, including librar-
ies accessory to 
Group E
1 per 50
1 per 50
—
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
4
Factory and
industrial
F
-
1 and F
-
2
Structures in which 
occupants are 
en-
gaged in work fabri-
cating, assembly or 
processing of prod-
ucts or materials
1 per 100
1 per 100
(see     
Section
411)
1 per 400
1 service 
sink
5
Institutional
I
-
1
k
Residential care
1 per 10
1 per 10
1 per 8
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
I
-
2
Hospitals, 
ambulatory nursing 
home care recipient
1 per room
c
1 per room
c
1 per 15
1 per 100
1 service 
sink per 
floor
Employees, other 
than residential care
b
1 per 25
1 per 35
—
1 per 100
—
Visitors, other than 
residential
care
1 per 75
1 per 
100
—
1 per 500
—
I
-
3
Prisons
b
1 per cell
1 per cell
1 per 15
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
Reformatories, 
de-
tention
centers, and 
correctional 
centers
b
1 per 15
1 per 15
1 per 15
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
Employees
b
1 per 25
1 per 35
—
1 per 100
—
I
-
4
Adult day care and 
child day care
1 per 15
1 per 15
1 per 15
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
6
Mercantile
M
Retail stores, service 
stations, shops, 
salesrooms, markets 
and 
shopping
centers
1 per 500
1 per 750
—
1 per 1,000
1 service 
sink
m
7
Residential
R
-
1
k
Hotels, motels, 
boarding houses 
(transient)
1 per g
uestroom
1 per g
ues-
troom
1 per 
g
uestroom
—
1 service 
sink
R
-
1
k
Dormitories, 
frater-
nities
, sororities
and boarding 
houses (not 
transi-
ent
)
1 per 10
1 per 10
1 per 8
1 per 100
1 
service 
sink
R
-
2
k
Apartment house
1 per dwelling unit
1 per dwelling 
unit
1 per
dwelling
unit
—
1 kitchen 
sink per 
dwelling 
unit; 1 
automatic
clothes 
washer 
connection
per 20 
dwelling 
units
R
-
3
One
-
and two
-
family
dwellings and lodg-
ing houses with five 
or fewer 
guestrooms
1 per dwelling unit
1 per dwelling 
unit
1 per 
dwelling
unit
—
1 kitchen 
sink per 
dwelling 
unit; 1 
automatic
clothes 
washer 
connection
per 
dwelling 
unit
R
-
3
k
Congregate living 
fa-
cilities with 16 or 
fewer persons
1 per 10
1 per 10
1 per 8
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
8
Storage
S
-
1
S
-
2
Structures for the 
storage of goods, 
warehouses, 
store-
house
and freight de-
pots. Low and Mod-
erate Hazard.
1 per 100
1 per 100
See
Section 
411
1 per 
1,000
1 service 
sink
a. 
The fixtures shown are based on one fixture being the minimum required for the number of persons indicated
. Any
fraction of the number of 
persons 
requires an additional fixture.
The number of occupants shall be determined by the 
New York City
Building Code
.
b.
Toilet facilities for employees shall be separate from facilities for inmates or 
care recipients
.
c.
A single
-
occupant toilet room with one water closet and one lavatory se
rving not more than two adjacent patient sleeping units shall be 
permitted 
where such room is pro
vided with direct access from 
each patient sleeping unit and 
with provisions
for privacy.
d.
The occupant load for seasonal outdoor seating and entertainment a
reas shall be included when determining the minimum number of facilities 
required.
e.
The minimum number of required drinking foundations shall comply with Table 403.1 and Chapter 11 of the 
New York City Building Code.
f.
For the purposes of this table onl
y, “Bar” shall mean a business establishment or a portion of a nonprofit entity devoted primarily to the selling 
and serving of alcoholic beverages for consumption by the public, guests, patrons, or members on the premises and in which th
e serving of 
food 
is only incidental.
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
g.
The total number of occupants for a single establishment comprising of a restaurant with an accessory bar shall be considered
as a restaurant 
for the purposes of determining the minimum number of plumbing fixtures.
h.
As per the 
New York City Building Code.
i.
The requirements for the number of water closets for a total occupancy of 150 persons or fewer shall not apply to bars except
that, subject to 
the requirements of Section 403.2.1, there shall be at least one 
water closet for men and at least one water closet for women or at least two 
single
-
occupant toilet rooms.
j.
The number of fixtures for building or nonaccessory tenant space used for assembly purposes by fewer than 75 persons and clas
sified as Group 
B occ
upancy in accordance with Section 303.1, Exception 2 of the 
New York City Building Code 
shall be permitted to be calculated in 
accordance with the requirements for Assembly occupancies.
k.
In addition to the requirements of Table 403.1, residential occupan
cies I
-
1, R
-
1, R
-
2, and R
-
3 shall provide fixtures in compliance with the 
requirements of Section 614 for emergency drinking water access.
m.
For business and mercantile occupancies with an occupant load of 15 or fewer, service sinks shall not be required.
n.
Libraries that are not classified as accessory to Group E per Section 304.1 of the 
New York City Building Code
shall comply with fixture counts 
for Group B occupancies.
403.1.1 Fixture calculations.
To determine the occupant load of each sex, the total
occupant load shall be divided 
in half
. To determine the required number of fixtures, the fixture ratio or ratios for each fixture type shall be 
applied to the occupant load of each sex in accordance with Table 403.1. 
Fractional numbers resulting from ap-
p
lying the fixture ratios of Table 403.1 shall be rounded up to the next whole number. For calculations involving 
multiple occupancies, such fractional numbers for each occupancy shall first be summed and then rounded up to 
the next whole number.
Fixture ca
lculations in Group B office occupancies shall utilize the total occupant load on 
a given floor to determine the number of fixtures required for that floor.
Exception: 
The total occupant load shall not be required to be divided in half where approved stati
stical data 
indicates a distribution of the sexes of other than 50 percent of each sex.
403.1.2 Family or assisted
-
use toilet and bath fixtures.
Fixtures located within family or assisted
-
use toilet and 
bathing rooms required by Section 1109.2.1 of the 
New
York City 
Building Code 
are permitted to be included in 
the number of required fixtures for either the male or female occupants in assembly and mercantile occupancies.
403.1.3 Single
-
occupant toilet fixtures. 
Fixtures located within single
-
occupant toilet
rooms are permitted to be 
included in the number of fixtures required by Section 403, or where applicable the 
1968 Building Code
, for either 
the male or the female occupants. Fixtures located within toilet rooms subject to the exception of Section 403.2.1
are permitted to be included in the number of fixtures required by Section 403, or where applicable the 
1968 Build-
ing Code
, only for that sex.
403.2 Separate facilities.
Where plumbing fixtures are required, separate facilities shall be provided for each 
sex.
Exceptions:
1.
Separate facilities shall not be required for dwelling units and sleeping units.
2.
In structures or tenant spaces where combined employee and public toilet facilities are provided in accord-
ance with Section 403.3, separate facilities 
shall not be required where the total number of employees, cus-
tomers, patrons and visitors is 30 or fewer.
3.
In structures or tenant spaces where required toilet facilities for only employee use are provided in accordance 
with Section 403.3, separate faci
lities shall not be required where the total number of employees is 30 or 
fewer.
4.
In structures or tenant spaces where required toilet facilities for only public use are provided in accordance 
with Section 403.3, separate facilities shall not be required
where the total number of customers, patrons and 
visitors is 30 or fewer.
‡‡‡
403.2.1 Family or assisted
-
use toilet facilities serving as separate facilities. 
Where a building or tenant 
space requires a separate toilet facility for each sex and each 
toilet facility is required to have only one water closet, 
two
-
family or assisted
-
use toilet facilities shall be permitted to serve as the required separate facilities. Family or 
assisted
-
use toilet facilities shall not be required to be identified for exc
lusive use by either sex as required by 
Section 403.4.
403.2.2 Single
-
occupant toilet rooms. 
All single
-
occupant toilet rooms shall be made available for use by persons 
of any sex. Existing toilet rooms shall comply with this section. Nothing in this secti
on shall be construed to affect 
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
or alter the number of toilet rooms in a building otherwise required pursuant to this code or where applicable the 
1968 Building Code
.
Exception: 
Where egress from a single
-
occupant toilet room is through a room permissibly 
restricted by sex.
403.3 Required employee and public toilet facilities.
Employees shall be provided with toilet facilities in all occu-
pancies. The number of plumbing fixtures located within the required employee toilet facilities shall be provided in 
acco
rdance with Section 403 for all employees. Customers, patrons and visitors shall be provided with public toilet 
facilities in structures and tenant spaces intended for public utilization. The number of plumbing fixtures located 
within the required public t
oilet facilities shall be provided in accordance with Section 403 for all customers, patrons 
and visitors. Employee and public toilet facilities may be separate or combined. Where combined facilities are pro-
vided, the number of plumbing fixtures shall be i
n accordance with Section 403 for all users. 
Exception:
Public utilization of toilet facilities shall not be required for:
1.
Food service establishments, as defined in Section 81.03 of the 
New York City Health Code
, with a seating 
capacity of less than 2
0, provided such establishments are less than 10,000 square feet (929 m
2
).
2.
Establishments less than 10,000 square feet (929 m
2
) classified as Occupancy Group B or M pursuant to 
Sections 304.1 and 309.1 of the 
New York City Building Code
, respectively, p
rovided however that this 
exception shall not apply to a building or nonaccessory tenant space used for assembly purposes by fewer 
than 75 persons and classified as a Group B occupancy in accordance with Section 303.1.2 of the 
New York 
City Building Code
.
403.3.1 Access.
The route to the public toilet facilities required by Section 403.3 shall not pass through kitchens, 
storage rooms or closets. Access to the required facilities shall be from within the building or from the exterior of 
the building.
Routes
shall comply with the accessibility requirements of the 
New York City 
Building Code
. 
The 
public
shall have access to the required toilet facilities at all times that the building is occupied.
403.3.2 Prohibited toilet room location.
Toilet rooms shall not 
open directly into a room used for the preparation 
of food for service to the public.
403.3.3 Location of toilet facilities in occupancies other than malls.
In occupancies other than covered and open 
mall buildings, the required public and employee toilet facilities shall be located not more than one story above or 
below the space required to be provided with toilet facilities, and the path of travel to such f
acilities shall not exceed 
a distance of 500 feet (152 m).
Exception: 
The location and maximum
distances of travel to required employee facilities in factory and indus-
trial occupancies are permitted to exceed that required by this section, provided that th
e location and maximum 
distance of travel are approved.
403.3.4 Location of toilet facilities in malls.
In covered and open mall buildings, the required public and employee 
toilet facilities shall be located not more than one story above or below the space
required to be provided with toilet 
facilities, and the path of travel to such facilities shall not exceed a distance of 300 feet (91 m). In
mall buildings, 
the required facilities shall be based on total square footage within a covered mall building or w
ithin the perimeter 
line of an open mall building, and facilities shall be installed in each individual store or in a central toilet area 
located in accordance with this section. The maximum distance of travel to central toilet facilities in mall buildings
shall be measured from the main entrance of any store or tenant space. In
mall buildings, where employees’ toilet 
facilities are not provided in the individual store, the maximum distance of travel shall be measured from the em-
ployees’ work area of the st
ore or tenant space.
403.3.5 Pay facilities.
Where pay facilities are installed, such facilities shall be in excess of
the required minimum 
facilities. Required facilities shall be free of charge.
403.3.6 Door locking. 
Where a toilet room is provided for the use of multiple occupants, the egress door for the 
room shall not be lockable from the inside of the room. This sec
tion does not apply to family or assisted
-
use toilet 
rooms.
403.4 Signage.
Required public facilities shall be designated by a legible sign for each sex or, for a single
-
occupant 
toilet room, for all sexes. Signs shall be readily visible and located near t
he entrance to each toilet facility. Existing 
single
-
occupant toilet rooms shall comply with this requirement.
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
403.4.1 Directional signage.
Directional signage indicating the route to the required public toilet facilities shall be 
posted in 
accordance with
Section 1110 of the New York City Building Code. Such signage shall be located in 
a 
lobby, corridor, aisle or similar space, such that the sign can be readily seen from the main entrance to the 
building 
or tenant space
.
403.5 Drinking fountain location. 
D
rinking fountains shall not be required to be located in individual tenant spaces 
provided that public drinking fountains are located on each story within a distance of travel of 500 feet (152 m) of the 
most remote location in the tenant space on such stor
y. Where the tenant space is in a covered or open mall, such 
distance shall not exceed 300 feet (91 m). Drinking fountains shall be located on an accessible route.
SECTION 
PC
404
ACCESSIBLE PLUMBING FACILITIES
404.1 Where required.
Accessible plumbing faci
lities and fixtures shall be provided in accordance with the 
New 
York City 
Building Code
.
404.2 Accessible fixture requirements. 
Accessible plumbing fixtures shall be installed with the clearances, heights, 
spacings and arrangements in accordance with ICC 
A117.1.
404.3 Exposed pipes and surfaces. 
Water supply and drain pipes under accessible lavatories and sinks shall be cov-
ered or otherwise configured to protect against contact. Pipe coverings shall comply with ASME A112.18.9.
SECTION PC 405
INSTALLATION O
F FIXTURES
405.1 Water supply protection.
The supply lines and fittings for every plumbing fixture shall be installed so as to 
prevent backflow.
405.2 Access for cleaning.
Plumbing fixtures shall be installed so as to
afford easy access for cleaning both the fixture 
and the area around the fixture.
405.3 Setting.
Fixtures shall be set level and in proper alignment with reference to adjacent walls.
405.3.1 Water closets, urinals, lavatories and bidets.
A water closet, u
rinal, lavatory or bidet shall not be set 
closer than 15 inches (381 mm) from its center to any side wall, partition, vanity or other obstruction, or closer than 
30 inches (762 mm) center to center between adjacent fixtures. There shall be 
not less than
a 
21
-
inch (533 mm) 
clearance in front of the water closet, urinal, lavatory or bidet to any wall, fixture or door. Water closet compart-
ments shall be not less than 30 inches (762 mm) 
in width
and not less than 60 inches (1524 mm) in depth for floor
-
mounted w
ater closets and not less than 30 inches (762 mm) in width and 56 inches (1422 mm) in depth for wall
-
hung water closets.
405.3.2 Public lavatories.
In employee and public toilet rooms, the required lavatory shall be located in the same 
room as the required
water closet.
405.3.3 Location of fixtures and piping. 
Piping, fixtures or equipment shall not be located in such a manner as to 
interfere with the normal operation of windows, doors or other means of egress openings.
405.3.4 Water closet compartment. 
Eac
h water closet utilized by the public or employees shall occupy a separate 
compartment with walls or partitions and a door enclosing the fixtures to ensure privacy.
Exceptions:
1.
Water closet compartments shall not be required in a single
-
occupant toile
t room with a lockable door.
2.
Toilet rooms located in child day care facilities and containing two or more water closets shall be permitted 
to have one water closet without an enclosing compartment.
3.
Toilet areas located within Group I
-
3 housing areas.
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
405.3.5 Urinal partitions. 
Each urinal utilized by the public or employees shall occupy a separate area with walls 
or partitions to provide privacy. The walls or partitions shall begin at a height not greater than 12 inches (305 mm) 
from and extend not le
ss than 60 inches (1524 mm) above the finished floor surface. The walls or partitions shall 
extend from the wall surface at each side of the urinal not less than 18 inches (457 mm) or to a point not less than 
6 inches (152 mm) beyond the outermost front li
p of the urinal measured from the finished backwall surface, 
whichever is greater.
1.
Urinal partitions shall not be required in a single occupant or family/assisted
-
use toilet room with a lockable 
door.
2.
Toilet rooms located in child day care facilities
and containing two or more urinals shall be permitted to have 
one urinal without partitions.
405.4 Floor and wall drainage connections.
Connections between the drain and floor outlet plumbing fixtures shall 
be made with a floor flange or a waste connector and sealing gasket. The waste connector and sealing gasket joint 
shall comply with the joint tightness test of ASME A112.4.3 and shall b
e installed in accordance with the manufac-
turer’s instructions. The flange shall be attached to the drain and anchored to the structure. Connections between the 
drain and wall
-
hung water closets shall be made with an approved extension nipple or horn adapt
or. The water closet 
shall be bolted to the 
carrier
with corrosion
-
resistant bolts or screws. Joints shall be sealed with an approved elasto-
meric gasket, flange
-
to
-
fixture connection complying with ASME A112.4.3 or an approved setting compound.
405.4.1 Flo
or flanges.
Floor flanges for water closets or similar fixtures shall be not less than 0.125 inch (3.2 mm) 
thick for brass, 0.25 inch (6.4 mm) thick for plastic and 0.25 inch (6.4 mm) thick and not less than a 2
-
inch (51 
mm) caulking depth for cast
-
iron or
galvanized malleable iron.
Floor flanges of hard lead shall weigh not less than 1 pound, 9 ounces (0.7 kg) and shall be composed of lead 
alloy with not less than 7.75
-
percent antimony by weight. Closet screws and bolts shall be of brass. Flanges shall 
be 
secured to the building structure with corrosion
-
resistant screws or bolts.
405.4.2 Securing floor outlet fixtures.
Floor outlet fixtures shall be secured to the floor or floor flanges by screws 
or bolts of corrosion
-
resistant material.
405.4.3 
Securing wall
-
hung water closet bowls.
Wall
-
hung
water closet bowls shall be supported by a concealed 
metal carrier that is attached to the building 
structure
so that strain is not transmitted to the closet connector or any 
other part of the plumbing syste
m. The carrier shall conform to ASME A112.6.1M or ASME A112.6.2.
405.5 Water
-
tight joints.
Joints formed where fixtures come in contact with walls or floors shall be sealed.
405.6 Plumbing in mental health centers.
In mental health centers, pipes or traps 
shall not be exposed, and fixtures 
shall be bolted through walls.
405.7 Design of overflows.
Where any fixture is provided with an overflow, the waste shall be designed and installed 
so that standing water in the fixture will not rise in the overflow when 
the stopper is closed, and no water will remain 
in the overflow when the fixture is empty.
Exception:
Existing overflows for bath tubs utilizing standing wastes.
405.7.1 Connection of overflows.
The overflow from any fixture shall discharge into the draina
ge system on the 
inlet or fixture side of the trap.
Exception: 
The overflow from a flush tank serving a water closet or urinal shall discharge into the fixture 
served.
405.8 Slip joint connections.
Slip joints shall be made with an approved elastomeric gas
ket and shall only be installed 
on the trap outlet, trap inlet and within the trap seal. Fixtures with concealed slip joint connections shall be provided 
with an access panel or utility space
not less than
12 inches (305 mm) in its smallest dimension or ot
her approved 
arrangement so as to provide access to the slip joint connections for inspection and repair.
405.9 Design and installation of plumbing fixtures.
Integral fixture fitting mounting surfaces on manufactured 
plumbing fixtures or plumbing fixtures 
constructed on site shall meet the design requirements of 
ASME 
A11
2.19.2/CSA B45.1 or 
ASME A112.19.
3/CSA B45.4.
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
SECTION 
PC
406
AUTOMATIC CLOTHES WASHERS
406.1 Water connection. 
The water supply to an automatic clothes washer shall be protected against backflow by an 
air gap that is integral with the 
machine or 
a backflow preventer shall be installed in accordance with Section
608.
Air 
gaps shall comply with ASME A112.1.2 or A112.
1.3.
406.2 Waste connection.
The waste from an automatic clothes washer shall discharge through an air break into a 
standpipe in accordance with Section 802 or into a laundry sink. The trap and fixture drain for an automatic clothes 
washer standpipe shall 
be 
not less than
2 inches (51 mm) in diameter. The fixture drain for the standpipe serving an 
automatic clothes washer
shall connect to a 
3
-
inch
(76 mm) or larger diameter fixture branch, building drain, or stack. 
Automatic clothes washers that discharge b
y gravity shall be permitted to drain to a waste receptor or an approved 
trench drain.
SECTION 
PC 
407
BATHTUBS
407.1 Approval.
Bathtubs shall conform to 
ASME A112.19.1
/CSA B45.2, 
ASME A112.19.
2/CSA B45.1, 
ASME 
A112.19.3/
CSA B45.4, or CSA B45.5/IAPMO Z124.
407.2 Bathtub waste outlets and overflows. 
Bathtubs shall 
be equipped with a 
waste outlet and an overflow outlet. 
The outlets shall be connected to waste tubing or piping not less than 1
1
/
2
inches (38 mm) in diameter. The waste 
outlet shall be equipped wit
h a water
-
tight stopper.
407.3 Glazing.
Windows and doors within a bathtub enclosure shall conform to the safety glazing requirements of 
the 
New York City 
Building Code
.
407.4 Bathtub enclosure.
Doors 
in
a bathtub enclosure shall conform to ASME A112.19.15.
SECTION
PC
408
BIDETS
408.1 Approval.
Bidets shall conform to 
ASME A112.19.2/CSA B45.1.
408.2 Water connection.
The water supply to a bidet shall be protected against backflow by an air gap or backflow
preventer in accordance with Section 608.13.
408.3 Bidet water temperature.
The discharge water temperature from a bidet fitting shall be limited to a maximum 
temperature of 110°F (43°C) by a water temperature limiting device conforming to ASSE 1070 or CS
A B125.3.
SECTION
PC
409
DISHWASHING MACHINES
409.1 Approval.
Commercial dishwashing machines shall conform to ASSE 1004 and NSF 3. Commercial dishwash-
ing machines with integral gas
-
fired heating must be tested and evaluated in accordance with UL 921.
409.
2 Water connection.
The water supply to a dishwashing machine shall be protected against backflow by an air 
gap that is integral with the machine or a backflow preventer shall be installed in accordance with Section 608. Air 
gaps shall comply with ASME A11
2.1.2 or A112.1.3.
409.3 Waste connection.
The waste connection of a dishwashing machine shall comply with 
Section 802
.
SECTION
PC
410
DRINKING FOUNTAINS
410.1 Approval.
Drinking fountains shall conform to ASME A112.19.1/CSA B45.2
or ASME 
A112.19.2/CSA B45.1
and water coolers shall conform to AHRI 1010. Drinking fountains
and water coolers shall conform to 
NSF 61, 
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
Section 9 and ICC A117.1
. Drinking fountains 
required by Table 403.1 shall be equipped with both a bubbler faucet 
for 
drinking a
nd 
a separate faucet designed for filling a container at least 10 inches (254 mm)
in 
height.
Drinking 
fountains and water coolers shall comply with the lead requirements of Section 605.
410.2 Small occupancies. 
Drinking fountains shall not be required for 
an occupant load of 15 or fewer.
410.3 Required
drinking fountains.
Where water is served in restaurants, drinking fountains shall not be required. 
In other occupancies, where drinking fountains are required, up to 50 percent of required drinking fountains
con-
forming to Section 410.1 may be substituted by dedicated plumbing fixtures with faucets designed for filling a con-
tainer at least 10 inches (254 mm) in height, provided any such dedicated plumbing fixture is adjacent to or readily 
visible from the loca
tion of a drinking fountain conforming to Section 410.1. Bottled water dispensers shall not be 
substituted for required drinking fountains.
410.4 Prohibited location. 
Drinking fountains and plumbing fixtures with faucets permitted to be substituted for 
re
quired drinking fountains shall not be installed in public restrooms.
SECTION
PC
411
EMERGENCY SHOWERS AND EYEWASH STATIONS
411.1 Approval.
Emergency showers and eyewash stations shall conform to ISEA Z358.1.
411.2 Waste connection.
Waste 
connections shall not be required for emergency showers and eyewash stations.
SECTION 
PC
412
FLOOR AND TRENCH DRAINS
412.1 Approval.
Floor drains shall conform to ASME A112.3.1, ASME A112.6.3 or CSA B79. Trench drains shall 
comply with ASME A112.6.3.
412.2
Floor drains.
Floor drains shall have removable strainers.
The floor drain shall be constructed so that the drain 
is capable of being cleaned. Access shall be provided to the drain inlet. Ready access shall be provided to floor drains.
Exception: 
Floor dr
ains serving refrigerated display cases shall be provided with access.
412.3 Size of floor drains.
Floor drains shall have a drain outlet not less than 3 inches (76 mm) in diameter.
412.4 Public laundries and central washing facilities.
In public 
coin
-
operated laundries and in the central washing 
facilities of multiple
-
family dwellings, the rooms containing automatic clothes washers shall be provided with floor 
drains located to readily drain the entire floor area. Such drains shall have an outlet 
of not less than 3 inches (76 mm) 
in diameter
and be provided with lint strainers
.
SECTION 
PC
413
FOOD WASTE 
DISPOSER
UNITS
413.1 Approval.
Domestic food waste 
disposers
shall conform to ASSE 1008 and shall be listed and labeled in ac-
cordance with UL 430
.
Food waste 
disposers
shall not increase the drainage fixture unit load on the sanitary drainage 
system.
Food waste disposers
shall be permitted only within dwelling units.
413.2 Domestic food waste 
disposer
waste outlets.
The outlets of domestic food waste
disposers
shall be connected 
to a drain of not less than 
2 inches (
51 
mm) in diameter
.
413.3 Commercial food waste disposer units. 
Commercial food waste disposers shall be prohibited unless approved 
for use by the Department of Environmental Protection.
4
13.4 Water supply required.
Food
waste 
disposers
shall be provided with a supply of cold water.
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
SECTION
PC
414
GARBAGE CAN WASHERS
414.1 Water connection.
The water supply to a garbage can washer shall be protected against backflow by an air gap 
or a 
backflow preventer in accordance with Section 608.13.1, 608.13.2, 608.13.3, 608.13.5, 608.13.6 or 608.13.8.
414.2 Waste connection.
Garbage can washers shall be trapped separately. The receptacle receiving the waste from 
the washer shall have a removable b
asket or strainer to prevent the discharge of large particles into the drainage system.
SECTION 
PC
415
LAUNDRY TRAYS
415.1 Approval.
Laundry trays shall conform to ASME A112.19.1/CSA B45.2, ASME A112.19.2/CSA B45.1, 
ASME A119.19.3/CSA B45.4 or CSA B45.5/IA
PMO Z124.
415.2 Waste outlet.
Each compartment of a laundry tray shall be provided with a waste outlet not less than 1
1
/
2
inches 
(38 mm) in diameter and a strainer or crossbar to restrict the clear opening of the waste outlet.
SECTION PC 416
LAVATORIES
416
.1 Approval.
Lavatories shall conform to ASME A112.19.1/CSA B45.2, ASME A112.19.2/CSA B45.1, ASME 
A112.19.3/CSA B45.4 or CSA B45.5/IAPMO Z124. Group wash
-
up equipment shall conform to the requirements 
of Section 402. Every 20 inches (508 mm) of rim 
space shall be considered as one lavatory.
416.2 Cultured marble lavatories.
Cultured marble vanity tops with an integral lavatory shall conform to 
CSA 
B45.5/IAPMO Z124.
416.3 Lavatory waste outlets.
Lavatories shall have waste outlets not less than 
1
1
/
4
inches (32 mm) in diameter. A 
strainer, pop
-
up stopper, crossbar or other device shall be provided to restrict the clear opening of the waste outlet.
Where a stopper is utilized, a built
-
in overflow sh
all be provided.
416.4 Moveable lavatory systems.
Moveable lavatory systems shall comply with ASME A112.19.12.
416.5 Tempered water for public hand
-
washing facilities.
Tempered water shall be delivered from lavatories and 
group wash fixtures located in pub
lic 
toilet
facilities provided for customers, patrons and visitors. Tempered water 
shall be delivered through an approved water
-
temperature limiting device that conforms to 
ASSE 
1070.
Exception:
Where point of use heaters are installed, outlet water temper
ature shall be regulated to provide tempered 
water.
SECTION 
PC 
417
SHOWERS
417.1 Approval.
Prefabricated showers and shower compartments shall conform to ASME A112.19.2/CSA B45.1 
or CSA B45.5/IAPMO Z124. Shower valves for individual showers shall 
conform to the requirements of Section 
424.3.
417.2 Water supply riser.
Water supply risers from the shower valve to the shower head outlet, whether exposed or 
concealed, shall be attached to the structure. The attachment to the structure shall be made by 
the use of support 
devices designed for use with the specific piping material or by fittings anchored with screws.
417.3 Shower waste outlet.
Waste outlets serving showers shall be 
not less than 
2 inches (
51
mm) in diameter and, 
for other than waste outlet
s in bathtubs, shall have removable strainers not less than 3 inches (76 mm) in diameter 
with strainer openings not less than 
1
/
4
inch (6.4 mm) in 
least
dimension. Where each shower space is not provided 
with an individual waste outlet, the waste outlet sh
all be located and the floor pitched so that waste from one shower 
does not flow over the floor area serving another shower. Waste outlets shall be fastened to the waste pipe in an 
approved manner.
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
417.4 Shower compartments.
Shower
compartments shall 
be no
t less than
900 square inches (0.58 m
2
) 
in
interior 
cross
-
sectional
area. Shower compartments shall be not
less than 30 inches (762 mm) in 
least
dimension as measured 
from the finished interior dimension of the compartment, exclusive of fixture valves, showerheads, soap dishes and 
safety grab bars or rails. Except as required in Section
404, the minimum required area and dimension shall be meas-
ure
d from the finished interior dimension at a height equal to the top of the threshold and at a point tangent to its 
centerline and shall be continued to a height not less than 70 inches (1778 mm) above the shower drain outlet.
417.4.1 Floor and wall area.
B
athtub floors, shower floors, wall areas above built
-
in tubs 
that have
installed 
shower heads and walls in shower compartments shall be constructed of smooth, 
corrosion
-
resistant
and nonabsor-
bent waterproof materials. Wall materials shall extend to a heigh
t of not less than 6 feet (1829 mm) above the room 
floor level, and not less than 70 inches (1778 mm) 
above
the drain of the tub or shower. Such walls shall form a 
water
-
tight joint with each other and with either the tub or shower floor.
417.4.2 Access.
T
he shower compartment access and egress opening shall have a clear and unobstructed finished 
width of not less than 22 inches (559 mm). Shower compartments required to be designed in conformance to ac-
cessibility provisions shall comply with Section 404.1.
417.5 Shower floors or receptors.
Floor surfaces shall be constructed of impervious, noncorrosive, nonabsorbent and 
waterproof materials.
417.5.1 Support.
Floors or receptors under shower compartments shall be laid on, and supported by, a smooth and 
struct
urally sound base.
417.5.2 Shower lining.
Floors under shower compartments, except where prefabricated receptors have been pro-
vided, shall be lined and made water tight utilizing material complying with Sections 417.5.2.1 through 417.5.2.6. 
Such liners sha
ll turn up on all sides 
not less than
2 inches (51 mm) above the finished threshold level. Liners shall 
be recessed and fastened to an approved backing so as not to occupy the space required for wall covering, and shall 
not be nailed or perforated at any p
oint less than 1 inch (25 mm) above the finished threshold. Liners shall be 
pitched one
-
fourth unit vertical in 12 units horizontal (2
-
percent slope) and shall be sloped toward the fixture drains 
and be securely fastened to the waste outlet at the seepage 
entrance, making a water
-
tight joint between the liner 
and the outlet. The completed liner shall be tested in accordance with Section 312.9.
Exceptions:
1.
Floor surfaces under shower heads provided for rinsing laid directly on the ground are not required 
to 
comply with this section.
2.
Where a sheet
-
applied, load
-
bearing, bonded, waterproof membrane is installed as the shower lining, the 
membrane shall not be required to be recessed.
417.5.2.1 PVC sheets.
Plasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC) sheets shall m
eet the requirements of ASTM D 
4551. Sheets shall be joined by solvent welding in accordance with the manufacturer’s installation instructions.
417.5.2.2 Chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) sheets.
Nonplasticized chlorinated polyethylene sheet shall meet 
the re
quirements of ASTM D 4068. The liner shall be joined in accordance with the manufacturer’s installation 
instructions.
417.5.2.3 Sheet lead.
Sheet lead
shall weigh not less than 4 pounds per square foot (19.5 kg/m
2
) and shall be 
coated with an asphalt paint or other approved coating. The lead sheet shall be insulated from conducting sub-
stances other than the connecting drain by 15
-
pound (6.80 kg) asphalt
felt or 
an
equivalent. Sheet lead shall be 
joined by burning or soldering.
417.5.2.4 Sheet copper.
Sheet copper shall conform to ASTM B 152 and shall weigh not
less than 12 ounces 
per square foot (3.7 kg/m
2
). The copper sheet shall be insulated from condu
cting substances other than the 
connecting drain by 15
-
pound (6.80 kg) asphalt felt or 
an
equivalent. Sheet copper shall be joined by brazing or 
soldering.
417.5.2.5 Sheet
-
applied, load
-
bearing, bonded, waterproof membranes.
Sheet
-
applied, load
-
bearing, 
bo
nded, waterproof membranes shall meet requirements of ANSI A118.10 and shall be applied in accordance 
with the manufacturer’s installation instructions.
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
417.5.2.6 Liquid
-
type, trowel
-
applied, load
-
bearing, bonded waterproof materials. 
Liquid
-
type, trowel
-
a
p-
plied, load
-
bearing, bonded waterproof materials shall meet the requirements of ANSI A118.10 and shall be 
applied in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
417.6 Glazing.
Windows and doors within a shower enclosure shall conform to the safety gl
azing requirements of the 
New York City 
Building Code
.
SECTION 
PC 
418
SINKS
418.1 Approval.
Sinks shall conform to ASME A112.19.1/CSA B45.2, ASME A112.19.2/CSA B45.1, ASME 
A112.19.3/CSA B45.4 or CSA B45.5/IAPMO Z124.
418.2 Sink waste outlets.
Sinks shall be provided with waste outlets having a diameter not less than 
1
1
/
2
inches (38 
mm).
A strainer or crossbar shall be provided to restrict the clear opening of the waste outlet.
418.3 Moveable sink systems.
Moveable sink systems shall 
comply with ASME A112.19.12.
SECTION 
PC
419
URINALS
419.1 Approval.
Urinals shall conform to ASME A112.19.2/CSA B45.1, ASME A112.19.19 or CSA B45.5/IAPMO 
Z124. Urinals shall conform to the water consumption requirements of Section 604.4. Water
-
supplied uri
nals shall 
conform to the hydraulic performance requirements of ASME A112.19.2/CSA B45.1 or CSA B45.5/IAPMO Z124.
419.2 Substitution for water closets.
In each bathroom or toilet room, urinals shall not be substituted for more than 
50 percent
of the requir
ed water closets.
419.3 Surrounding material.
Wall and floor space to a point 2 feet (610 mm) in front of a urinal lip and 4 feet (1219 
mm) above the floor and at least 2 feet (610 mm) to each side of the urinal shall be waterproofed with a smooth, 
readily
cleanable, nonabsorbent material.
419.4 Waterless urinals.
Approved waterless urinals may be utilized only as part of an approved building water 
conservation plan prepared in accordance with the rules of the department.
SECTION 
PC 
420
WATER CLOSETS
420.1 
Approval.
Water closets shall conform to the water consumption requirements of Section 604.4 and shall con-
form to 
ASME A112.19.2/CSA B45.1
, ASME A112.19.3/CSA B45.4 or CSA B45.5/IAPMO Z124. Water closets 
shall conform to the hydraulic performance requireme
nts of ASME A112.19.2/CSAB45.1. Water closet tanks shall 
conform to 
ASME A112.19.2/CSA B45.1, 
ASME A112.19.3/CSA B45.4 or CSA B45.5/IAPMO Z124. Electro
-
hy-
draulic water closets shall comply with 
ASME 
A112.19.2/CSA B45.1. Water closets equipped with a 
dual flushing 
device shall comply with ASME A112.19.14.
420.2 Water closets for public or employee toilet facilities.
Water closet bowls for public or employee toilet facili-
ties shall be of the elongated type.
420.3 Water closet seats.
Water closets shall 
be equipped with seats of smooth, nonabsorbent material. All seats of 
water closets provided for public or employee toilet facilities shall be of the hinged open
-
front type. Integral water 
closet seats shall be of the same material as the fixture. Water cl
oset seats shall be sized for the water closet bowl type.
420.4 Water closet connections.
A 4
-
inch by 3
-
inch (102 mm by 76 mm) closet bend shall be acceptable. Where a 
3
-
inch (76 mm) bend is utilized on water closets, a 4
-
inch by 3
-
inch (102 mm by 76 mm) f
lange shall be installed to 
receive the fixture horn
.
‡‡‡ Chapter 4 was amended by 
Local Law 
77 
of 2023
. This law has an effective
 date of June 10, 2023.
CHAPTER 4 
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS 
SECTION 
PC 
401
GENERAL
401.1 Scope. 
This chapter shall govern the materials, design and installation of plumbing fixtures, faucets and fixture 
fittings in accordance with the type of occupancy, and shall provide for the minimum number of fixtures for various 
types of occupancies.
401.2 Prohibited fixtures and connections.
Water closets having a concealed trap seal or an unventilated space or 
having walls that are not thoroughly washed 
at each discharge in accordance with 
ASME 
A112.19.2/CSA B45.1 shall 
be prohibited. Any water closet that permits siphonage of the contents of the bowl back into the tank shall be prohib-
ited. Trough urinals shall be prohibited.
401.3 Water conservation.
The
maximum water flow rates and flush volume for plumbing fixtures and fixture fittings 
shall comply with Section 604.
SECTION 
PC
402
FIXTURE MATERIAL
402.1 Quality of fixtures.
Plumbing fixtures shall be constructed of approved materials, with smooth, imper
vious 
surfaces, free from defects and concealed fouling surfaces, and shall conform to standards cited in this code. All 
porcelain enameled surfaces on plumbing fixtures shall be acid resistant.
402.2 Materials for specialty fixtures.
Materials for special
ty fixtures not otherwise covered in this code shall be of 
stainless steel, soapstone, chemical stoneware or plastic, or shall be lined with lead, copper
-
base alloy, nickel
-
copper 
alloy, corrosion
-
resistant steel or other material especially suited to the application for which the fixture is intended.
402.3 Sheet copper.
Sheet copper for general applications shall conform to ASTM B 152 and shall not weigh less 
than 12 ounces per square foot (3.7 kg/m
2
).
402.4 Sheet lead.
Sheet lead for pans shall not weigh less than 4 pounds per square foot (19.5 kg/m
2
) and shall be 
coated with an asphalt paint or other approved coating.
SECTION 
PC 
403
MINIMUM PLUMBING FACILITIES
403.1 Minimum number of fixtures.
Plumbing fixtures shall be provided for the type of occupancy and in the min-
imum number shown in Table 403.1. Types of occupancies not shown in Table 403.1 shall be considered individually 
by the 
commissioner.
The number of occupants shall be determined by the 
New York City 
Building Code
. 
Occupancy 
classification sha
ll be determined in accordance with the 
New York City Building Code
.   
TABLE 403.1
MINIMUM NUMBER OF REQUIRED PLUMBING FIXTURES
a 
(See Sections 403.1.1 and 403.2)
NO.
CLASSIFICATION
OCCUPANCY
h
DESCRIPTION
WATER CLOSETS
(URINALS: SEE SECTION 419.2)
LAVATORIES 
BATHTUBS
/ 
SHOWERS
DRINKING 
FOUNTAIN 
(SEE 
SECTION 
410
e
)
OTHER
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
MALE
FEMALE
MALE
FEMALE
1
Assembly
A
-
1
d
Theaters and other 
buildings
for the per-
forming arts and mo-
tion pictures
1 per 70 for 
the first 210 
and 1 per 
125 
for the 
remainder 
exceeding 
210
1 per 35 for 
the first 210 
and 1 per 65 
for the re-
mainder 
ex-
ceeding 210
1 per 200
—
1 per 500
1 service 
sink
A
-
2
d
Nightclubs, bars
f
, 
taverns, dance halls 
and buildings
for 
similar purposes
1 per 75
i
1 per 40
i
1 per 75
—
1 per 
500
1 service 
sink
Restaurants
g
, ban-
quet halls
and food courts
1 per 75
1 per 75
1 per 200
—
1 per 500
1 service 
sink
A
-
3
d
Auditoriums without 
permanent seating, 
art galleries, exhibi-
tion halls, museums, 
lecture halls, arcades 
and 
gymnasiums
1 per 70 for 
the first 210 
and 1 per 
125 
for the 
remainder 
exceeding 
210
1 per 35 for 
the first 210 
and 1 per 65 
for the re-
mainder 
ex-
ceeding 210
1 per 200
—
1 per 500
1 service 
sink
Passenger terminals 
and transportation 
facilities
1 per 
500
1 per 500
1 per 750
—
1 per 1,000
1 service 
sink
Places of worship 
and other religious 
services
1 per 150
1 per 75
1 per 200
—
1 per 1,000
1 service 
sink
A
-
4
Coliseums, arenas, 
skating 
rinks, pools 
and 
tennis 
courts for 
indoor sporting 
events and activities
1 per 75 for 
the first 
1,500 and 1 
per 120 for 
the remainder 
exceeding 
1,500
1 per 40
for 
the first 
1,520 
and
1 per 60 
for the re-
mainder ex-
ceeding 
1,520
1 per
200
1 per
150
—
1 per 1,000
1 service 
sink
A
-
5
Stadiums, 
amuse-
ment parks, bleach-
ers and grandstands 
for outdoor sporting 
events and activities
1 per 75 for 
the
first 
1
,500 and      
1 per 120 for 
the remainder 
exceeding 
1,500
1 per 40 for 
the first 1,520 
and 1 per 60 
for the re-
mainder ex-
ceeding 1,520
1 per 
200
1 
per 
150
—
1 per 1,000
1 service 
sink
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
2
Business
B
j, n
Buildings for the 
transaction
of busi-
ness, professional 
services, other       
services 
including 
merchandise
, office 
buildings
, banks, 
light industrial and 
similar uses
No. of persons for        No. of
each sex          
fixtures
1
–
20                  
1
21
–
45                  
2
46
–
70                  
3
71
–
100                  
4
101
–
140                  5
141
–
190                  6
1 fixture for each additional 
50 persons
No
. of   No. of
persons fix-
tures
for      each        
f                                                    
sex            
f
1
–
25               
1
26
–
50             
2
51
–
75             
3
76
–
115           
4
116
–
160         
5
1 fixture for 
each 
additional 
60 persons
—
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
m
3
Educational
E
Educational facili-
ties, including librar-
ies accessory to 
Group E
1 per 50
1 per 50
—
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
4
Factory and
industrial
F
-
1 and F
-
2
Structures in which 
occupants are 
en-
gaged in work fabri-
cating, assembly or 
processing of prod-
ucts or materials
1 per 100
1 per 100
(see     
Section
411)
1 per 400
1 service 
sink
5
Institutional
I
-
1
k
Residential care
1 per 10
1 per 10
1 per 8
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
I
-
2
Hospitals, 
ambulatory nursing 
home care recipient
1 per room
c
1 per room
c
1 per 15
1 per 100
1 service 
sink per 
floor
Employees, other 
than residential care
b
1 per 25
1 per 35
—
1 per 100
—
Visitors, other than 
residential
care
1 per 75
1 per 
100
—
1 per 500
—
I
-
3
Prisons
b
1 per cell
1 per cell
1 per 15
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
Reformatories, 
de-
tention
centers, and 
correctional 
centers
b
1 per 15
1 per 15
1 per 15
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
Employees
b
1 per 25
1 per 35
—
1 per 100
—
I
-
4
Adult day care and 
child day care
1 per 15
1 per 15
1 per 15
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
6
Mercantile
M
Retail stores, service 
stations, shops, 
salesrooms, markets 
and 
shopping
centers
1 per 500
1 per 750
—
1 per 1,000
1 service 
sink
m
7
Residential
R
-
1
k
Hotels, motels, 
boarding houses 
(transient)
1 per g
uestroom
1 per g
ues-
troom
1 per 
g
uestroom
—
1 service 
sink
R
-
1
k
Dormitories, 
frater-
nities
, sororities
and boarding 
houses (not 
transi-
ent
)
1 per 10
1 per 10
1 per 8
1 per 100
1 
service 
sink
R
-
2
k
Apartment house
1 per dwelling unit
1 per dwelling 
unit
1 per
dwelling
unit
—
1 kitchen 
sink per 
dwelling 
unit; 1 
automatic
clothes 
washer 
connection
per 20 
dwelling 
units
R
-
3
One
-
and two
-
family
dwellings and lodg-
ing houses with five 
or fewer 
guestrooms
1 per dwelling unit
1 per dwelling 
unit
1 per 
dwelling
unit
—
1 kitchen 
sink per 
dwelling 
unit; 1 
automatic
clothes 
washer 
connection
per 
dwelling 
unit
R
-
3
k
Congregate living 
fa-
cilities with 16 or 
fewer persons
1 per 10
1 per 10
1 per 8
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
8
Storage
S
-
1
S
-
2
Structures for the 
storage of goods, 
warehouses, 
store-
house
and freight de-
pots. Low and Mod-
erate Hazard.
1 per 100
1 per 100
See
Section 
411
1 per 
1,000
1 service 
sink
a. 
The fixtures shown are based on one fixture being the minimum required for the number of persons indicated
. Any
fraction of the number of 
persons 
requires an additional fixture.
The number of occupants shall be determined by the 
New York City
Building Code
.
b.
Toilet facilities for employees shall be separate from facilities for inmates or 
care recipients
.
c.
A single
-
occupant toilet room with one water closet and one lavatory se
rving not more than two adjacent patient sleeping units shall be 
permitted 
where such room is pro
vided with direct access from 
each patient sleeping unit and 
with provisions
for privacy.
d.
The occupant load for seasonal outdoor seating and entertainment a
reas shall be included when determining the minimum number of facilities 
required.
e.
The minimum number of required drinking foundations shall comply with Table 403.1 and Chapter 11 of the 
New York City Building Code.
f.
For the purposes of this table onl
y, “Bar” shall mean a business establishment or a portion of a nonprofit entity devoted primarily to the selling 
and serving of alcoholic beverages for consumption by the public, guests, patrons, or members on the premises and in which th
e serving of 
food 
is only incidental.
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
g.
The total number of occupants for a single establishment comprising of a restaurant with an accessory bar shall be considered
as a restaurant 
for the purposes of determining the minimum number of plumbing fixtures.
h.
As per the 
New York City Building Code.
i.
The requirements for the number of water closets for a total occupancy of 150 persons or fewer shall not apply to bars except
that, subject to 
the requirements of Section 403.2.1, there shall be at least one 
water closet for men and at least one water closet for women or at least two 
single
-
occupant toilet rooms.
j.
The number of fixtures for building or nonaccessory tenant space used for assembly purposes by fewer than 75 persons and clas
sified as Group 
B occ
upancy in accordance with Section 303.1, Exception 2 of the 
New York City Building Code 
shall be permitted to be calculated in 
accordance with the requirements for Assembly occupancies.
k.
In addition to the requirements of Table 403.1, residential occupan
cies I
-
1, R
-
1, R
-
2, and R
-
3 shall provide fixtures in compliance with the 
requirements of Section 614 for emergency drinking water access.
m.
For business and mercantile occupancies with an occupant load of 15 or fewer, service sinks shall not be required.
n.
Libraries that are not classified as accessory to Group E per Section 304.1 of the 
New York City Building Code
shall comply with fixture counts 
for Group B occupancies.
403.1.1 Fixture calculations.
To determine the occupant load of each sex, the total
occupant load shall be divided 
in half
. To determine the required number of fixtures, the fixture ratio or ratios for each fixture type shall be 
applied to the occupant load of each sex in accordance with Table 403.1. 
Fractional numbers resulting from ap-
p
lying the fixture ratios of Table 403.1 shall be rounded up to the next whole number. For calculations involving 
multiple occupancies, such fractional numbers for each occupancy shall first be summed and then rounded up to 
the next whole number.
Fixture ca
lculations in Group B office occupancies shall utilize the total occupant load on 
a given floor to determine the number of fixtures required for that floor.
Exception: 
The total occupant load shall not be required to be divided in half where approved stati
stical data 
indicates a distribution of the sexes of other than 50 percent of each sex.
403.1.2 Family or assisted
-
use toilet and bath fixtures.
Fixtures located within family or assisted
-
use toilet and 
bathing rooms required by Section 1109.2.1 of the 
New
York City 
Building Code 
are permitted to be included in 
the number of required fixtures for either the male or female occupants in assembly and mercantile occupancies.
403.1.3 Single
-
occupant toilet fixtures. 
Fixtures located within single
-
occupant toilet
rooms are permitted to be 
included in the number of fixtures required by Section 403, or where applicable the 
1968 Building Code
, for either 
the male or the female occupants. Fixtures located within toilet rooms subject to the exception of Section 403.2.1
are permitted to be included in the number of fixtures required by Section 403, or where applicable the 
1968 Build-
ing Code
, only for that sex.
403.2 Separate facilities.
Where plumbing fixtures are required, separate facilities shall be provided for each 
sex.
Exceptions:
1.
Separate facilities shall not be required for dwelling units and sleeping units.
2.
In structures or tenant spaces where combined employee and public toilet facilities are provided in accord-
ance with Section 403.3, separate facilities 
shall not be required where the total number of employees, cus-
tomers, patrons and visitors is 30 or fewer.
3.
In structures or tenant spaces where required toilet facilities for only employee use are provided in accordance 
with Section 403.3, separate faci
lities shall not be required where the total number of employees is 30 or 
fewer.
4.
In structures or tenant spaces where required toilet facilities for only public use are provided in accordance 
with Section 403.3, separate facilities shall not be required
where the total number of customers, patrons and 
visitors is 30 or fewer.
‡‡‡
403.2.1 Family or assisted
-
use toilet facilities serving as separate facilities. 
Where a building or tenant 
space requires a separate toilet facility for each sex and each 
toilet facility is required to have only one water closet, 
two
-
family or assisted
-
use toilet facilities shall be permitted to serve as the required separate facilities. Family or 
assisted
-
use toilet facilities shall not be required to be identified for exc
lusive use by either sex as required by 
Section 403.4.
403.2.2 Single
-
occupant toilet rooms. 
All single
-
occupant toilet rooms shall be made available for use by persons 
of any sex. Existing toilet rooms shall comply with this section. Nothing in this secti
on shall be construed to affect 
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
or alter the number of toilet rooms in a building otherwise required pursuant to this code or where applicable the 
1968 Building Code
.
Exception: 
Where egress from a single
-
occupant toilet room is through a room permissibly 
restricted by sex.
403.3 Required employee and public toilet facilities.
Employees shall be provided with toilet facilities in all occu-
pancies. The number of plumbing fixtures located within the required employee toilet facilities shall be provided in 
acco
rdance with Section 403 for all employees. Customers, patrons and visitors shall be provided with public toilet 
facilities in structures and tenant spaces intended for public utilization. The number of plumbing fixtures located 
within the required public t
oilet facilities shall be provided in accordance with Section 403 for all customers, patrons 
and visitors. Employee and public toilet facilities may be separate or combined. Where combined facilities are pro-
vided, the number of plumbing fixtures shall be i
n accordance with Section 403 for all users. 
Exception:
Public utilization of toilet facilities shall not be required for:
1.
Food service establishments, as defined in Section 81.03 of the 
New York City Health Code
, with a seating 
capacity of less than 2
0, provided such establishments are less than 10,000 square feet (929 m
2
).
2.
Establishments less than 10,000 square feet (929 m
2
) classified as Occupancy Group B or M pursuant to 
Sections 304.1 and 309.1 of the 
New York City Building Code
, respectively, p
rovided however that this 
exception shall not apply to a building or nonaccessory tenant space used for assembly purposes by fewer 
than 75 persons and classified as a Group B occupancy in accordance with Section 303.1.2 of the 
New York 
City Building Code
.
403.3.1 Access.
The route to the public toilet facilities required by Section 403.3 shall not pass through kitchens, 
storage rooms or closets. Access to the required facilities shall be from within the building or from the exterior of 
the building.
Routes
shall comply with the accessibility requirements of the 
New York City 
Building Code
. 
The 
public
shall have access to the required toilet facilities at all times that the building is occupied.
403.3.2 Prohibited toilet room location.
Toilet rooms shall not 
open directly into a room used for the preparation 
of food for service to the public.
403.3.3 Location of toilet facilities in occupancies other than malls.
In occupancies other than covered and open 
mall buildings, the required public and employee toilet facilities shall be located not more than one story above or 
below the space required to be provided with toilet facilities, and the path of travel to such f
acilities shall not exceed 
a distance of 500 feet (152 m).
Exception: 
The location and maximum
distances of travel to required employee facilities in factory and indus-
trial occupancies are permitted to exceed that required by this section, provided that th
e location and maximum 
distance of travel are approved.
403.3.4 Location of toilet facilities in malls.
In covered and open mall buildings, the required public and employee 
toilet facilities shall be located not more than one story above or below the space
required to be provided with toilet 
facilities, and the path of travel to such facilities shall not exceed a distance of 300 feet (91 m). In
mall buildings, 
the required facilities shall be based on total square footage within a covered mall building or w
ithin the perimeter 
line of an open mall building, and facilities shall be installed in each individual store or in a central toilet area 
located in accordance with this section. The maximum distance of travel to central toilet facilities in mall buildings
shall be measured from the main entrance of any store or tenant space. In
mall buildings, where employees’ toilet 
facilities are not provided in the individual store, the maximum distance of travel shall be measured from the em-
ployees’ work area of the st
ore or tenant space.
403.3.5 Pay facilities.
Where pay facilities are installed, such facilities shall be in excess of
the required minimum 
facilities. Required facilities shall be free of charge.
403.3.6 Door locking. 
Where a toilet room is provided for the use of multiple occupants, the egress door for the 
room shall not be lockable from the inside of the room. This sec
tion does not apply to family or assisted
-
use toilet 
rooms.
403.4 Signage.
Required public facilities shall be designated by a legible sign for each sex or, for a single
-
occupant 
toilet room, for all sexes. Signs shall be readily visible and located near t
he entrance to each toilet facility. Existing 
single
-
occupant toilet rooms shall comply with this requirement.
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
403.4.1 Directional signage.
Directional signage indicating the route to the required public toilet facilities shall be 
posted in 
accordance with
Section 1110 of the New York City Building Code. Such signage shall be located in 
a 
lobby, corridor, aisle or similar space, such that the sign can be readily seen from the main entrance to the 
building 
or tenant space
.
403.5 Drinking fountain location. 
D
rinking fountains shall not be required to be located in individual tenant spaces 
provided that public drinking fountains are located on each story within a distance of travel of 500 feet (152 m) of the 
most remote location in the tenant space on such stor
y. Where the tenant space is in a covered or open mall, such 
distance shall not exceed 300 feet (91 m). Drinking fountains shall be located on an accessible route.
SECTION 
PC
404
ACCESSIBLE PLUMBING FACILITIES
404.1 Where required.
Accessible plumbing faci
lities and fixtures shall be provided in accordance with the 
New 
York City 
Building Code
.
404.2 Accessible fixture requirements. 
Accessible plumbing fixtures shall be installed with the clearances, heights, 
spacings and arrangements in accordance with ICC 
A117.1.
404.3 Exposed pipes and surfaces. 
Water supply and drain pipes under accessible lavatories and sinks shall be cov-
ered or otherwise configured to protect against contact. Pipe coverings shall comply with ASME A112.18.9.
SECTION PC 405
INSTALLATION O
F FIXTURES
405.1 Water supply protection.
The supply lines and fittings for every plumbing fixture shall be installed so as to 
prevent backflow.
405.2 Access for cleaning.
Plumbing fixtures shall be installed so as to
afford easy access for cleaning both the fixture 
and the area around the fixture.
405.3 Setting.
Fixtures shall be set level and in proper alignment with reference to adjacent walls.
405.3.1 Water closets, urinals, lavatories and bidets.
A water closet, u
rinal, lavatory or bidet shall not be set 
closer than 15 inches (381 mm) from its center to any side wall, partition, vanity or other obstruction, or closer than 
30 inches (762 mm) center to center between adjacent fixtures. There shall be 
not less than
a 
21
-
inch (533 mm) 
clearance in front of the water closet, urinal, lavatory or bidet to any wall, fixture or door. Water closet compart-
ments shall be not less than 30 inches (762 mm) 
in width
and not less than 60 inches (1524 mm) in depth for floor
-
mounted w
ater closets and not less than 30 inches (762 mm) in width and 56 inches (1422 mm) in depth for wall
-
hung water closets.
405.3.2 Public lavatories.
In employee and public toilet rooms, the required lavatory shall be located in the same 
room as the required
water closet.
405.3.3 Location of fixtures and piping. 
Piping, fixtures or equipment shall not be located in such a manner as to 
interfere with the normal operation of windows, doors or other means of egress openings.
405.3.4 Water closet compartment. 
Eac
h water closet utilized by the public or employees shall occupy a separate 
compartment with walls or partitions and a door enclosing the fixtures to ensure privacy.
Exceptions:
1.
Water closet compartments shall not be required in a single
-
occupant toile
t room with a lockable door.
2.
Toilet rooms located in child day care facilities and containing two or more water closets shall be permitted 
to have one water closet without an enclosing compartment.
3.
Toilet areas located within Group I
-
3 housing areas.
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
405.3.5 Urinal partitions. 
Each urinal utilized by the public or employees shall occupy a separate area with walls 
or partitions to provide privacy. The walls or partitions shall begin at a height not greater than 12 inches (305 mm) 
from and extend not le
ss than 60 inches (1524 mm) above the finished floor surface. The walls or partitions shall 
extend from the wall surface at each side of the urinal not less than 18 inches (457 mm) or to a point not less than 
6 inches (152 mm) beyond the outermost front li
p of the urinal measured from the finished backwall surface, 
whichever is greater.
1.
Urinal partitions shall not be required in a single occupant or family/assisted
-
use toilet room with a lockable 
door.
2.
Toilet rooms located in child day care facilities
and containing two or more urinals shall be permitted to have 
one urinal without partitions.
405.4 Floor and wall drainage connections.
Connections between the drain and floor outlet plumbing fixtures shall 
be made with a floor flange or a waste connector and sealing gasket. The waste connector and sealing gasket joint 
shall comply with the joint tightness test of ASME A112.4.3 and shall b
e installed in accordance with the manufac-
turer’s instructions. The flange shall be attached to the drain and anchored to the structure. Connections between the 
drain and wall
-
hung water closets shall be made with an approved extension nipple or horn adapt
or. The water closet 
shall be bolted to the 
carrier
with corrosion
-
resistant bolts or screws. Joints shall be sealed with an approved elasto-
meric gasket, flange
-
to
-
fixture connection complying with ASME A112.4.3 or an approved setting compound.
405.4.1 Flo
or flanges.
Floor flanges for water closets or similar fixtures shall be not less than 0.125 inch (3.2 mm) 
thick for brass, 0.25 inch (6.4 mm) thick for plastic and 0.25 inch (6.4 mm) thick and not less than a 2
-
inch (51 
mm) caulking depth for cast
-
iron or
galvanized malleable iron.
Floor flanges of hard lead shall weigh not less than 1 pound, 9 ounces (0.7 kg) and shall be composed of lead 
alloy with not less than 7.75
-
percent antimony by weight. Closet screws and bolts shall be of brass. Flanges shall 
be 
secured to the building structure with corrosion
-
resistant screws or bolts.
405.4.2 Securing floor outlet fixtures.
Floor outlet fixtures shall be secured to the floor or floor flanges by screws 
or bolts of corrosion
-
resistant material.
405.4.3 
Securing wall
-
hung water closet bowls.
Wall
-
hung
water closet bowls shall be supported by a concealed 
metal carrier that is attached to the building 
structure
so that strain is not transmitted to the closet connector or any 
other part of the plumbing syste
m. The carrier shall conform to ASME A112.6.1M or ASME A112.6.2.
405.5 Water
-
tight joints.
Joints formed where fixtures come in contact with walls or floors shall be sealed.
405.6 Plumbing in mental health centers.
In mental health centers, pipes or traps 
shall not be exposed, and fixtures 
shall be bolted through walls.
405.7 Design of overflows.
Where any fixture is provided with an overflow, the waste shall be designed and installed 
so that standing water in the fixture will not rise in the overflow when 
the stopper is closed, and no water will remain 
in the overflow when the fixture is empty.
Exception:
Existing overflows for bath tubs utilizing standing wastes.
405.7.1 Connection of overflows.
The overflow from any fixture shall discharge into the draina
ge system on the 
inlet or fixture side of the trap.
Exception: 
The overflow from a flush tank serving a water closet or urinal shall discharge into the fixture 
served.
405.8 Slip joint connections.
Slip joints shall be made with an approved elastomeric gas
ket and shall only be installed 
on the trap outlet, trap inlet and within the trap seal. Fixtures with concealed slip joint connections shall be provided 
with an access panel or utility space
not less than
12 inches (305 mm) in its smallest dimension or ot
her approved 
arrangement so as to provide access to the slip joint connections for inspection and repair.
405.9 Design and installation of plumbing fixtures.
Integral fixture fitting mounting surfaces on manufactured 
plumbing fixtures or plumbing fixtures 
constructed on site shall meet the design requirements of 
ASME 
A11
2.19.2/CSA B45.1 or 
ASME A112.19.
3/CSA B45.4.
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
SECTION 
PC
406
AUTOMATIC CLOTHES WASHERS
406.1 Water connection. 
The water supply to an automatic clothes washer shall be protected against backflow by an 
air gap that is integral with the 
machine or 
a backflow preventer shall be installed in accordance with Section
608.
Air 
gaps shall comply with ASME A112.1.2 or A112.
1.3.
406.2 Waste connection.
The waste from an automatic clothes washer shall discharge through an air break into a 
standpipe in accordance with Section 802 or into a laundry sink. The trap and fixture drain for an automatic clothes 
washer standpipe shall 
be 
not less than
2 inches (51 mm) in diameter. The fixture drain for the standpipe serving an 
automatic clothes washer
shall connect to a 
3
-
inch
(76 mm) or larger diameter fixture branch, building drain, or stack. 
Automatic clothes washers that discharge b
y gravity shall be permitted to drain to a waste receptor or an approved 
trench drain.
SECTION 
PC 
407
BATHTUBS
407.1 Approval.
Bathtubs shall conform to 
ASME A112.19.1
/CSA B45.2, 
ASME A112.19.
2/CSA B45.1, 
ASME 
A112.19.3/
CSA B45.4, or CSA B45.5/IAPMO Z124.
407.2 Bathtub waste outlets and overflows. 
Bathtubs shall 
be equipped with a 
waste outlet and an overflow outlet. 
The outlets shall be connected to waste tubing or piping not less than 1
1
/
2
inches (38 mm) in diameter. The waste 
outlet shall be equipped wit
h a water
-
tight stopper.
407.3 Glazing.
Windows and doors within a bathtub enclosure shall conform to the safety glazing requirements of 
the 
New York City 
Building Code
.
407.4 Bathtub enclosure.
Doors 
in
a bathtub enclosure shall conform to ASME A112.19.15.
SECTION
PC
408
BIDETS
408.1 Approval.
Bidets shall conform to 
ASME A112.19.2/CSA B45.1.
408.2 Water connection.
The water supply to a bidet shall be protected against backflow by an air gap or backflow
preventer in accordance with Section 608.13.
408.3 Bidet water temperature.
The discharge water temperature from a bidet fitting shall be limited to a maximum 
temperature of 110°F (43°C) by a water temperature limiting device conforming to ASSE 1070 or CS
A B125.3.
SECTION
PC
409
DISHWASHING MACHINES
409.1 Approval.
Commercial dishwashing machines shall conform to ASSE 1004 and NSF 3. Commercial dishwash-
ing machines with integral gas
-
fired heating must be tested and evaluated in accordance with UL 921.
409.
2 Water connection.
The water supply to a dishwashing machine shall be protected against backflow by an air 
gap that is integral with the machine or a backflow preventer shall be installed in accordance with Section 608. Air 
gaps shall comply with ASME A11
2.1.2 or A112.1.3.
409.3 Waste connection.
The waste connection of a dishwashing machine shall comply with 
Section 802
.
SECTION
PC
410
DRINKING FOUNTAINS
410.1 Approval.
Drinking fountains shall conform to ASME A112.19.1/CSA B45.2
or ASME 
A112.19.2/CSA B45.1
and water coolers shall conform to AHRI 1010. Drinking fountains
and water coolers shall conform to 
NSF 61, 
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
Section 9 and ICC A117.1
. Drinking fountains 
required by Table 403.1 shall be equipped with both a bubbler faucet 
for 
drinking a
nd 
a separate faucet designed for filling a container at least 10 inches (254 mm)
in 
height.
Drinking 
fountains and water coolers shall comply with the lead requirements of Section 605.
410.2 Small occupancies. 
Drinking fountains shall not be required for 
an occupant load of 15 or fewer.
410.3 Required
drinking fountains.
Where water is served in restaurants, drinking fountains shall not be required. 
In other occupancies, where drinking fountains are required, up to 50 percent of required drinking fountains
con-
forming to Section 410.1 may be substituted by dedicated plumbing fixtures with faucets designed for filling a con-
tainer at least 10 inches (254 mm) in height, provided any such dedicated plumbing fixture is adjacent to or readily 
visible from the loca
tion of a drinking fountain conforming to Section 410.1. Bottled water dispensers shall not be 
substituted for required drinking fountains.
410.4 Prohibited location. 
Drinking fountains and plumbing fixtures with faucets permitted to be substituted for 
re
quired drinking fountains shall not be installed in public restrooms.
SECTION
PC
411
EMERGENCY SHOWERS AND EYEWASH STATIONS
411.1 Approval.
Emergency showers and eyewash stations shall conform to ISEA Z358.1.
411.2 Waste connection.
Waste 
connections shall not be required for emergency showers and eyewash stations.
SECTION 
PC
412
FLOOR AND TRENCH DRAINS
412.1 Approval.
Floor drains shall conform to ASME A112.3.1, ASME A112.6.3 or CSA B79. Trench drains shall 
comply with ASME A112.6.3.
412.2
Floor drains.
Floor drains shall have removable strainers.
The floor drain shall be constructed so that the drain 
is capable of being cleaned. Access shall be provided to the drain inlet. Ready access shall be provided to floor drains.
Exception: 
Floor dr
ains serving refrigerated display cases shall be provided with access.
412.3 Size of floor drains.
Floor drains shall have a drain outlet not less than 3 inches (76 mm) in diameter.
412.4 Public laundries and central washing facilities.
In public 
coin
-
operated laundries and in the central washing 
facilities of multiple
-
family dwellings, the rooms containing automatic clothes washers shall be provided with floor 
drains located to readily drain the entire floor area. Such drains shall have an outlet 
of not less than 3 inches (76 mm) 
in diameter
and be provided with lint strainers
.
SECTION 
PC
413
FOOD WASTE 
DISPOSER
UNITS
413.1 Approval.
Domestic food waste 
disposers
shall conform to ASSE 1008 and shall be listed and labeled in ac-
cordance with UL 430
.
Food waste 
disposers
shall not increase the drainage fixture unit load on the sanitary drainage 
system.
Food waste disposers
shall be permitted only within dwelling units.
413.2 Domestic food waste 
disposer
waste outlets.
The outlets of domestic food waste
disposers
shall be connected 
to a drain of not less than 
2 inches (
51 
mm) in diameter
.
413.3 Commercial food waste disposer units. 
Commercial food waste disposers shall be prohibited unless approved 
for use by the Department of Environmental Protection.
4
13.4 Water supply required.
Food
waste 
disposers
shall be provided with a supply of cold water.
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
SECTION
PC
414
GARBAGE CAN WASHERS
414.1 Water connection.
The water supply to a garbage can washer shall be protected against backflow by an air gap 
or a 
backflow preventer in accordance with Section 608.13.1, 608.13.2, 608.13.3, 608.13.5, 608.13.6 or 608.13.8.
414.2 Waste connection.
Garbage can washers shall be trapped separately. The receptacle receiving the waste from 
the washer shall have a removable b
asket or strainer to prevent the discharge of large particles into the drainage system.
SECTION 
PC
415
LAUNDRY TRAYS
415.1 Approval.
Laundry trays shall conform to ASME A112.19.1/CSA B45.2, ASME A112.19.2/CSA B45.1, 
ASME A119.19.3/CSA B45.4 or CSA B45.5/IA
PMO Z124.
415.2 Waste outlet.
Each compartment of a laundry tray shall be provided with a waste outlet not less than 1
1
/
2
inches 
(38 mm) in diameter and a strainer or crossbar to restrict the clear opening of the waste outlet.
SECTION PC 416
LAVATORIES
416
.1 Approval.
Lavatories shall conform to ASME A112.19.1/CSA B45.2, ASME A112.19.2/CSA B45.1, ASME 
A112.19.3/CSA B45.4 or CSA B45.5/IAPMO Z124. Group wash
-
up equipment shall conform to the requirements 
of Section 402. Every 20 inches (508 mm) of rim 
space shall be considered as one lavatory.
416.2 Cultured marble lavatories.
Cultured marble vanity tops with an integral lavatory shall conform to 
CSA 
B45.5/IAPMO Z124.
416.3 Lavatory waste outlets.
Lavatories shall have waste outlets not less than 
1
1
/
4
inches (32 mm) in diameter. A 
strainer, pop
-
up stopper, crossbar or other device shall be provided to restrict the clear opening of the waste outlet.
Where a stopper is utilized, a built
-
in overflow sh
all be provided.
416.4 Moveable lavatory systems.
Moveable lavatory systems shall comply with ASME A112.19.12.
416.5 Tempered water for public hand
-
washing facilities.
Tempered water shall be delivered from lavatories and 
group wash fixtures located in pub
lic 
toilet
facilities provided for customers, patrons and visitors. Tempered water 
shall be delivered through an approved water
-
temperature limiting device that conforms to 
ASSE 
1070.
Exception:
Where point of use heaters are installed, outlet water temper
ature shall be regulated to provide tempered 
water.
SECTION 
PC 
417
SHOWERS
417.1 Approval.
Prefabricated showers and shower compartments shall conform to ASME A112.19.2/CSA B45.1 
or CSA B45.5/IAPMO Z124. Shower valves for individual showers shall 
conform to the requirements of Section 
424.3.
417.2 Water supply riser.
Water supply risers from the shower valve to the shower head outlet, whether exposed or 
concealed, shall be attached to the structure. The attachment to the structure shall be made by 
the use of support 
devices designed for use with the specific piping material or by fittings anchored with screws.
417.3 Shower waste outlet.
Waste outlets serving showers shall be 
not less than 
2 inches (
51
mm) in diameter and, 
for other than waste outlet
s in bathtubs, shall have removable strainers not less than 3 inches (76 mm) in diameter 
with strainer openings not less than 
1
/
4
inch (6.4 mm) in 
least
dimension. Where each shower space is not provided 
with an individual waste outlet, the waste outlet sh
all be located and the floor pitched so that waste from one shower 
does not flow over the floor area serving another shower. Waste outlets shall be fastened to the waste pipe in an 
approved manner.
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
417.4 Shower compartments.
Shower
compartments shall 
be no
t less than
900 square inches (0.58 m
2
) 
in
interior 
cross
-
sectional
area. Shower compartments shall be not
less than 30 inches (762 mm) in 
least
dimension as measured 
from the finished interior dimension of the compartment, exclusive of fixture valves, showerheads, soap dishes and 
safety grab bars or rails. Except as required in Section
404, the minimum required area and dimension shall be meas-
ure
d from the finished interior dimension at a height equal to the top of the threshold and at a point tangent to its 
centerline and shall be continued to a height not less than 70 inches (1778 mm) above the shower drain outlet.
417.4.1 Floor and wall area.
B
athtub floors, shower floors, wall areas above built
-
in tubs 
that have
installed 
shower heads and walls in shower compartments shall be constructed of smooth, 
corrosion
-
resistant
and nonabsor-
bent waterproof materials. Wall materials shall extend to a heigh
t of not less than 6 feet (1829 mm) above the room 
floor level, and not less than 70 inches (1778 mm) 
above
the drain of the tub or shower. Such walls shall form a 
water
-
tight joint with each other and with either the tub or shower floor.
417.4.2 Access.
T
he shower compartment access and egress opening shall have a clear and unobstructed finished 
width of not less than 22 inches (559 mm). Shower compartments required to be designed in conformance to ac-
cessibility provisions shall comply with Section 404.1.
417.5 Shower floors or receptors.
Floor surfaces shall be constructed of impervious, noncorrosive, nonabsorbent and 
waterproof materials.
417.5.1 Support.
Floors or receptors under shower compartments shall be laid on, and supported by, a smooth and 
struct
urally sound base.
417.5.2 Shower lining.
Floors under shower compartments, except where prefabricated receptors have been pro-
vided, shall be lined and made water tight utilizing material complying with Sections 417.5.2.1 through 417.5.2.6. 
Such liners sha
ll turn up on all sides 
not less than
2 inches (51 mm) above the finished threshold level. Liners shall 
be recessed and fastened to an approved backing so as not to occupy the space required for wall covering, and shall 
not be nailed or perforated at any p
oint less than 1 inch (25 mm) above the finished threshold. Liners shall be 
pitched one
-
fourth unit vertical in 12 units horizontal (2
-
percent slope) and shall be sloped toward the fixture drains 
and be securely fastened to the waste outlet at the seepage 
entrance, making a water
-
tight joint between the liner 
and the outlet. The completed liner shall be tested in accordance with Section 312.9.
Exceptions:
1.
Floor surfaces under shower heads provided for rinsing laid directly on the ground are not required 
to 
comply with this section.
2.
Where a sheet
-
applied, load
-
bearing, bonded, waterproof membrane is installed as the shower lining, the 
membrane shall not be required to be recessed.
417.5.2.1 PVC sheets.
Plasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC) sheets shall m
eet the requirements of ASTM D 
4551. Sheets shall be joined by solvent welding in accordance with the manufacturer’s installation instructions.
417.5.2.2 Chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) sheets.
Nonplasticized chlorinated polyethylene sheet shall meet 
the re
quirements of ASTM D 4068. The liner shall be joined in accordance with the manufacturer’s installation 
instructions.
417.5.2.3 Sheet lead.
Sheet lead
shall weigh not less than 4 pounds per square foot (19.5 kg/m
2
) and shall be 
coated with an asphalt paint or other approved coating. The lead sheet shall be insulated from conducting sub-
stances other than the connecting drain by 15
-
pound (6.80 kg) asphalt
felt or 
an
equivalent. Sheet lead shall be 
joined by burning or soldering.
417.5.2.4 Sheet copper.
Sheet copper shall conform to ASTM B 152 and shall weigh not
less than 12 ounces 
per square foot (3.7 kg/m
2
). The copper sheet shall be insulated from condu
cting substances other than the 
connecting drain by 15
-
pound (6.80 kg) asphalt felt or 
an
equivalent. Sheet copper shall be joined by brazing or 
soldering.
417.5.2.5 Sheet
-
applied, load
-
bearing, bonded, waterproof membranes.
Sheet
-
applied, load
-
bearing, 
bo
nded, waterproof membranes shall meet requirements of ANSI A118.10 and shall be applied in accordance 
with the manufacturer’s installation instructions.
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
417.5.2.6 Liquid
-
type, trowel
-
applied, load
-
bearing, bonded waterproof materials. 
Liquid
-
type, trowel
-
a
p-
plied, load
-
bearing, bonded waterproof materials shall meet the requirements of ANSI A118.10 and shall be 
applied in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
417.6 Glazing.
Windows and doors within a shower enclosure shall conform to the safety gl
azing requirements of the 
New York City 
Building Code
.
SECTION 
PC 
418
SINKS
418.1 Approval.
Sinks shall conform to ASME A112.19.1/CSA B45.2, ASME A112.19.2/CSA B45.1, ASME 
A112.19.3/CSA B45.4 or CSA B45.5/IAPMO Z124.
418.2 Sink waste outlets.
Sinks shall be provided with waste outlets having a diameter not less than 
1
1
/
2
inches (38 
mm).
A strainer or crossbar shall be provided to restrict the clear opening of the waste outlet.
418.3 Moveable sink systems.
Moveable sink systems shall 
comply with ASME A112.19.12.
SECTION 
PC
419
URINALS
419.1 Approval.
Urinals shall conform to ASME A112.19.2/CSA B45.1, ASME A112.19.19 or CSA B45.5/IAPMO 
Z124. Urinals shall conform to the water consumption requirements of Section 604.4. Water
-
supplied uri
nals shall 
conform to the hydraulic performance requirements of ASME A112.19.2/CSA B45.1 or CSA B45.5/IAPMO Z124.
419.2 Substitution for water closets.
In each bathroom or toilet room, urinals shall not be substituted for more than 
50 percent
of the requir
ed water closets.
419.3 Surrounding material.
Wall and floor space to a point 2 feet (610 mm) in front of a urinal lip and 4 feet (1219 
mm) above the floor and at least 2 feet (610 mm) to each side of the urinal shall be waterproofed with a smooth, 
readily
cleanable, nonabsorbent material.
419.4 Waterless urinals.
Approved waterless urinals may be utilized only as part of an approved building water 
conservation plan prepared in accordance with the rules of the department.
SECTION 
PC 
420
WATER CLOSETS
420.1 
Approval.
Water closets shall conform to the water consumption requirements of Section 604.4 and shall con-
form to 
ASME A112.19.2/CSA B45.1
, ASME A112.19.3/CSA B45.4 or CSA B45.5/IAPMO Z124. Water closets 
shall conform to the hydraulic performance requireme
nts of ASME A112.19.2/CSAB45.1. Water closet tanks shall 
conform to 
ASME A112.19.2/CSA B45.1, 
ASME A112.19.3/CSA B45.4 or CSA B45.5/IAPMO Z124. Electro
-
hy-
draulic water closets shall comply with 
ASME 
A112.19.2/CSA B45.1. Water closets equipped with a 
dual flushing 
device shall comply with ASME A112.19.14.
420.2 Water closets for public or employee toilet facilities.
Water closet bowls for public or employee toilet facili-
ties shall be of the elongated type.
420.3 Water closet seats.
Water closets shall 
be equipped with seats of smooth, nonabsorbent material. All seats of 
water closets provided for public or employee toilet facilities shall be of the hinged open
-
front type. Integral water 
closet seats shall be of the same material as the fixture. Water cl
oset seats shall be sized for the water closet bowl type.
420.4 Water closet connections.
A 4
-
inch by 3
-
inch (102 mm by 76 mm) closet bend shall be acceptable. Where a 
3
-
inch (76 mm) bend is utilized on water closets, a 4
-
inch by 3
-
inch (102 mm by 76 mm) f
lange shall be installed to 
receive the fixture horn
.
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
420.5 Water closets for children’s use.
In nurseries, schools, and similar places where plumbing fixtures are pro-
vided for the use of children under 6 years of age, such water closets shall be of a size
and height suitable for the 
children’s use.
SECTION 
PC 
421
WHIRLPOOL BATHTUBS
421.1 Approval.
Whirlpool bathtubs shall comply with 
ASME A112.19.7/CSAz B45.10 and shall be listed and la-
beled in accordance with UL 1795.
421.2 Installation.
Whirlpool bathtub
s shall be installed and tested in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. 
The pump shall be located above the weir of the fixture trap.
421.3 Drain.
The pump drain and circulation piping shall be sloped to drain the water in the volute and the ci
rculation 
piping when the whirlpool bathtub is empty.
421.4 Suction fittings.
Suction fittings for whirlpool bathtubs shall comply with ASME A112.19.7/CSA B45.10.
421.5 Access to pump.
Access shall be provided to circulation pumps in accordance with the fi
xture or pump manu-
facturer’s installation instructions. Where the manufacturer’s instructions do not specify the location and minimum 
size of field
-
fabricated access openings, an opening not less than 12 inches by 12 inches (305 mm by 305 mm) shall 
be inst
alled to provide access to the circulation pump. Where pumps are located more than 2 feet (609 mm) from the 
access opening, an opening not less than 18 inches by 18 inches (457 mm by 457 mm) shall be installed. A door or 
panel shall be permitted to close t
he opening. In all cases, the access opening shall be unobstructed and of the size 
necessary to permit the removal and replacement of the circulation pump.
421.6 Whirlpool enclosure.
Doors within a whirlpool enclosure shall conform to ASME 
A112.19.15.
SECTION 
PC 
422
HEALTH CARE FIXTURES AND EQUIPMENT
422.1 Scope.
This section shall govern those aspects of health care plumbing systems that differ from plumbing sys-
tems in other structures. Health care plumbing systems shall conform to the requ
irements of this section in addition to 
the other requirements of this code. The provisions of this section shall apply to the special devices and equipment 
installed and maintained in the following occupancies: hospitals, nursing homes, homes for the aged
, orphanages, 
infirmaries, first aid stations, psychiatric facilities, clinics, professional offices of dentists and doctors, mortuaries, 
educational facilities, surgery, dentistry, research and testing laboratories, establishments manufacturing pharmaceu-
t
ical drugs and medicines
,
animal care facilities, and other structures with similar apparatus and equipment classified 
as plumbing.
422.2 Approval.
All special plumbing fixtures, equipment, devices, assemblies and apparatus shall be of an approved 
type.
42
2.3 Protection.
All devices, appurtenances, appliances and apparatus intended to serve some special function, such 
as sterilization, distillation, processing, cooling, or storage of ice or foods, and that connect to either the water supply 
or drainage syst
em, shall be provided with protection against backflow, flooding, fouling, contamination of the water 
supply system and stoppage of the drain.
422.4 Materials.
Fixtures designed for therapy, special cleansing or disposal of waste materials, combinations of
such 
purposes, or any other special purpose, shall be of smooth, impervious, corrosion
-
resistant materials and, where sub-
jected to temperatures in excess of 180°F (82°C), shall be capable of withstanding, without damage, higher tempera-
tures.
422.5 Access.
Access shall be provided to concealed piping in connection with special fixtures where such piping 
contains steam traps, valves, relief valves, check valves, vacuum breakers or other similar items that require periodic 
inspection, servicing, maintenance o
r repair. Access shall be provided to concealed piping that requires periodic in-
spection, maintenance or repair.
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
422.6 Clinical sink.
A clinical sink shall have an integral trap in which the upper portion of a visible trap seal provides 
a water surface. Th
e fixture shall be designed so as to permit complete removal of the contents by siphonic or blowout 
action and to reseal the trap. A flushing rim shall provide water to cleanse the interior surface. The fixture shall have 
the flushing and cleansing charact
eristics of a water closet.
422.7 Prohibited usage of clinical sinks and service sinks.
A clinical sink serving a soiled utility room shall not be 
considered as a substitute for, or be utilized as, a service sink. A service sink shall not be utilized for t
he disposal of 
urine, fecal matter or other human waste
.
422.8 Ice prohibited in soiled utility room.
Machines for manufacturing ice, or any device for the handling or storage 
of ice, shall not be located in a soiled utility room.
422.9 
Sterilizer equipment requirements.
The approval and installation of all sterilizers shall conform to the re-
quirements of the 
New York City 
Mechanical Code
.
422.9.1 Sterilizer piping.
Access
for the purposes of inspection and maintenance shall be provided t
o all sterilizer 
piping and devices necessary for the operation of sterilizers.
422.9.2 Steam supply.
Steam supplies to sterilizers, including those connected by pipes from overhead mains or 
branches, shall be drained to prevent any moisture from reaching 
the sterilizer. The condensate drainage from the 
steam supply shall be discharged by gravity.
422.9.3 Steam condensate return.
Steam condensate returns from sterilizers shall be a gravity return system.
422.9.4 Condensers.
Pressure sterilizers shall be equ
ipped with a means of condensing and cooling the exhaust 
steam vapors. Nonpressure sterilizers shall be equipped with a device that will automatically control the vapor, 
confining the vapors within the vessel.
422.10 Special elevations. 
Control valves, vac
uum outlets and devices protruding from a wall of an operating, emer-
gency, recovery, examining or delivery room, or in a corridor or other location where patients are transported on a 
wheeled stretcher, shall be located at an elevation that prevents bumpin
g the patient or stretcher against the device.
SECTION 
PC 
423
SPECIALTY PLUMBING FIXTURES
423.1 Water connections.
Baptisteries, ornamental and lily pools, aquariums, ornamental fountain basins, swimming 
pools, and similar constructions, where 
provided with water supplies, shall be protected against backflow in accord-
ance with Section 608.
423.2 Approval.
Specialties requiring water and waste connections shall be submitted for approval.
423.3 Footbaths, pedicure baths and head shampoo sinks. 
The
water supplied to specialty plumbing fixtures, such 
as pedicure chairs having an integral foot bathtub, footbaths, and head shampoo sinks, shall be limited to a maximum 
temperature of 120°F (49°C) by a water temperature limiting device that conforms to AS
SE 1070 or CSA B125.3.
SECTION 
PC 
424
FAUCETS AND OTHER FIXTURE FITTINGS
424.1 Approval.
Faucets and fixture fittings shall conform to ASME A112.18.1/CSA B125.1. Faucets and fixture 
fittings that supply drinking water for human ingestion shall conform to t
he requirements of NSF 61, 
section
9. Flex-
ible water connectors exposed to continuous pressure shall conform to the requirements of Section 605.6.
424.1.1 Faucets and supply fittings.
Faucets and supply fittings shall conform to the water consumption requi
re-
ments of Section 604.4.
424.1.2 Waste fittings.
Waste fittings shall conform to ASME A112.18.2/CSA B125.2, ASTM F 409 or to one of 
the standards listed in Tables 702.1 and 702.4 for 
aboveground
drainage and vent pipe and fittings.
424.1.3 Lavatory operat
ion without external electrical power.
Where automatic lavatory faucets connected to 
an external supply of electrical power are provided in a bathroom or toilet room, at least one lavatory faucet in such 
‡‡‡ Chapter 4 was amended by 
Local Law 
77 
of 2023
. This law has an effective
 date of June 10, 2023.
CHAPTER 4 
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS 
SECTION 
PC 
401
GENERAL
401.1 Scope. 
This chapter shall govern the materials, design and installation of plumbing fixtures, faucets and fixture 
fittings in accordance with the type of occupancy, and shall provide for the minimum number of fixtures for various 
types of occupancies.
401.2 Prohibited fixtures and connections.
Water closets having a concealed trap seal or an unventilated space or 
having walls that are not thoroughly washed 
at each discharge in accordance with 
ASME 
A112.19.2/CSA B45.1 shall 
be prohibited. Any water closet that permits siphonage of the contents of the bowl back into the tank shall be prohib-
ited. Trough urinals shall be prohibited.
401.3 Water conservation.
The
maximum water flow rates and flush volume for plumbing fixtures and fixture fittings 
shall comply with Section 604.
SECTION 
PC
402
FIXTURE MATERIAL
402.1 Quality of fixtures.
Plumbing fixtures shall be constructed of approved materials, with smooth, imper
vious 
surfaces, free from defects and concealed fouling surfaces, and shall conform to standards cited in this code. All 
porcelain enameled surfaces on plumbing fixtures shall be acid resistant.
402.2 Materials for specialty fixtures.
Materials for special
ty fixtures not otherwise covered in this code shall be of 
stainless steel, soapstone, chemical stoneware or plastic, or shall be lined with lead, copper
-
base alloy, nickel
-
copper 
alloy, corrosion
-
resistant steel or other material especially suited to the application for which the fixture is intended.
402.3 Sheet copper.
Sheet copper for general applications shall conform to ASTM B 152 and shall not weigh less 
than 12 ounces per square foot (3.7 kg/m
2
).
402.4 Sheet lead.
Sheet lead for pans shall not weigh less than 4 pounds per square foot (19.5 kg/m
2
) and shall be 
coated with an asphalt paint or other approved coating.
SECTION 
PC 
403
MINIMUM PLUMBING FACILITIES
403.1 Minimum number of fixtures.
Plumbing fixtures shall be provided for the type of occupancy and in the min-
imum number shown in Table 403.1. Types of occupancies not shown in Table 403.1 shall be considered individually 
by the 
commissioner.
The number of occupants shall be determined by the 
New York City 
Building Code
. 
Occupancy 
classification sha
ll be determined in accordance with the 
New York City Building Code
.   
TABLE 403.1
MINIMUM NUMBER OF REQUIRED PLUMBING FIXTURES
a 
(See Sections 403.1.1 and 403.2)
NO.
CLASSIFICATION
OCCUPANCY
h
DESCRIPTION
WATER CLOSETS
(URINALS: SEE SECTION 419.2)
LAVATORIES 
BATHTUBS
/ 
SHOWERS
DRINKING 
FOUNTAIN 
(SEE 
SECTION 
410
e
)
OTHER
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
MALE
FEMALE
MALE
FEMALE
1
Assembly
A
-
1
d
Theaters and other 
buildings
for the per-
forming arts and mo-
tion pictures
1 per 70 for 
the first 210 
and 1 per 
125 
for the 
remainder 
exceeding 
210
1 per 35 for 
the first 210 
and 1 per 65 
for the re-
mainder 
ex-
ceeding 210
1 per 200
—
1 per 500
1 service 
sink
A
-
2
d
Nightclubs, bars
f
, 
taverns, dance halls 
and buildings
for 
similar purposes
1 per 75
i
1 per 40
i
1 per 75
—
1 per 
500
1 service 
sink
Restaurants
g
, ban-
quet halls
and food courts
1 per 75
1 per 75
1 per 200
—
1 per 500
1 service 
sink
A
-
3
d
Auditoriums without 
permanent seating, 
art galleries, exhibi-
tion halls, museums, 
lecture halls, arcades 
and 
gymnasiums
1 per 70 for 
the first 210 
and 1 per 
125 
for the 
remainder 
exceeding 
210
1 per 35 for 
the first 210 
and 1 per 65 
for the re-
mainder 
ex-
ceeding 210
1 per 200
—
1 per 500
1 service 
sink
Passenger terminals 
and transportation 
facilities
1 per 
500
1 per 500
1 per 750
—
1 per 1,000
1 service 
sink
Places of worship 
and other religious 
services
1 per 150
1 per 75
1 per 200
—
1 per 1,000
1 service 
sink
A
-
4
Coliseums, arenas, 
skating 
rinks, pools 
and 
tennis 
courts for 
indoor sporting 
events and activities
1 per 75 for 
the first 
1,500 and 1 
per 120 for 
the remainder 
exceeding 
1,500
1 per 40
for 
the first 
1,520 
and
1 per 60 
for the re-
mainder ex-
ceeding 
1,520
1 per
200
1 per
150
—
1 per 1,000
1 service 
sink
A
-
5
Stadiums, 
amuse-
ment parks, bleach-
ers and grandstands 
for outdoor sporting 
events and activities
1 per 75 for 
the
first 
1
,500 and      
1 per 120 for 
the remainder 
exceeding 
1,500
1 per 40 for 
the first 1,520 
and 1 per 60 
for the re-
mainder ex-
ceeding 1,520
1 per 
200
1 
per 
150
—
1 per 1,000
1 service 
sink
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
2
Business
B
j, n
Buildings for the 
transaction
of busi-
ness, professional 
services, other       
services 
including 
merchandise
, office 
buildings
, banks, 
light industrial and 
similar uses
No. of persons for        No. of
each sex          
fixtures
1
–
20                  
1
21
–
45                  
2
46
–
70                  
3
71
–
100                  
4
101
–
140                  5
141
–
190                  6
1 fixture for each additional 
50 persons
No
. of   No. of
persons fix-
tures
for      each        
f                                                    
sex            
f
1
–
25               
1
26
–
50             
2
51
–
75             
3
76
–
115           
4
116
–
160         
5
1 fixture for 
each 
additional 
60 persons
—
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
m
3
Educational
E
Educational facili-
ties, including librar-
ies accessory to 
Group E
1 per 50
1 per 50
—
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
4
Factory and
industrial
F
-
1 and F
-
2
Structures in which 
occupants are 
en-
gaged in work fabri-
cating, assembly or 
processing of prod-
ucts or materials
1 per 100
1 per 100
(see     
Section
411)
1 per 400
1 service 
sink
5
Institutional
I
-
1
k
Residential care
1 per 10
1 per 10
1 per 8
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
I
-
2
Hospitals, 
ambulatory nursing 
home care recipient
1 per room
c
1 per room
c
1 per 15
1 per 100
1 service 
sink per 
floor
Employees, other 
than residential care
b
1 per 25
1 per 35
—
1 per 100
—
Visitors, other than 
residential
care
1 per 75
1 per 
100
—
1 per 500
—
I
-
3
Prisons
b
1 per cell
1 per cell
1 per 15
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
Reformatories, 
de-
tention
centers, and 
correctional 
centers
b
1 per 15
1 per 15
1 per 15
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
Employees
b
1 per 25
1 per 35
—
1 per 100
—
I
-
4
Adult day care and 
child day care
1 per 15
1 per 15
1 per 15
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
6
Mercantile
M
Retail stores, service 
stations, shops, 
salesrooms, markets 
and 
shopping
centers
1 per 500
1 per 750
—
1 per 1,000
1 service 
sink
m
7
Residential
R
-
1
k
Hotels, motels, 
boarding houses 
(transient)
1 per g
uestroom
1 per g
ues-
troom
1 per 
g
uestroom
—
1 service 
sink
R
-
1
k
Dormitories, 
frater-
nities
, sororities
and boarding 
houses (not 
transi-
ent
)
1 per 10
1 per 10
1 per 8
1 per 100
1 
service 
sink
R
-
2
k
Apartment house
1 per dwelling unit
1 per dwelling 
unit
1 per
dwelling
unit
—
1 kitchen 
sink per 
dwelling 
unit; 1 
automatic
clothes 
washer 
connection
per 20 
dwelling 
units
R
-
3
One
-
and two
-
family
dwellings and lodg-
ing houses with five 
or fewer 
guestrooms
1 per dwelling unit
1 per dwelling 
unit
1 per 
dwelling
unit
—
1 kitchen 
sink per 
dwelling 
unit; 1 
automatic
clothes 
washer 
connection
per 
dwelling 
unit
R
-
3
k
Congregate living 
fa-
cilities with 16 or 
fewer persons
1 per 10
1 per 10
1 per 8
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
8
Storage
S
-
1
S
-
2
Structures for the 
storage of goods, 
warehouses, 
store-
house
and freight de-
pots. Low and Mod-
erate Hazard.
1 per 100
1 per 100
See
Section 
411
1 per 
1,000
1 service 
sink
a. 
The fixtures shown are based on one fixture being the minimum required for the number of persons indicated
. Any
fraction of the number of 
persons 
requires an additional fixture.
The number of occupants shall be determined by the 
New York City
Building Code
.
b.
Toilet facilities for employees shall be separate from facilities for inmates or 
care recipients
.
c.
A single
-
occupant toilet room with one water closet and one lavatory se
rving not more than two adjacent patient sleeping units shall be 
permitted 
where such room is pro
vided with direct access from 
each patient sleeping unit and 
with provisions
for privacy.
d.
The occupant load for seasonal outdoor seating and entertainment a
reas shall be included when determining the minimum number of facilities 
required.
e.
The minimum number of required drinking foundations shall comply with Table 403.1 and Chapter 11 of the 
New York City Building Code.
f.
For the purposes of this table onl
y, “Bar” shall mean a business establishment or a portion of a nonprofit entity devoted primarily to the selling 
and serving of alcoholic beverages for consumption by the public, guests, patrons, or members on the premises and in which th
e serving of 
food 
is only incidental.
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
g.
The total number of occupants for a single establishment comprising of a restaurant with an accessory bar shall be considered
as a restaurant 
for the purposes of determining the minimum number of plumbing fixtures.
h.
As per the 
New York City Building Code.
i.
The requirements for the number of water closets for a total occupancy of 150 persons or fewer shall not apply to bars except
that, subject to 
the requirements of Section 403.2.1, there shall be at least one 
water closet for men and at least one water closet for women or at least two 
single
-
occupant toilet rooms.
j.
The number of fixtures for building or nonaccessory tenant space used for assembly purposes by fewer than 75 persons and clas
sified as Group 
B occ
upancy in accordance with Section 303.1, Exception 2 of the 
New York City Building Code 
shall be permitted to be calculated in 
accordance with the requirements for Assembly occupancies.
k.
In addition to the requirements of Table 403.1, residential occupan
cies I
-
1, R
-
1, R
-
2, and R
-
3 shall provide fixtures in compliance with the 
requirements of Section 614 for emergency drinking water access.
m.
For business and mercantile occupancies with an occupant load of 15 or fewer, service sinks shall not be required.
n.
Libraries that are not classified as accessory to Group E per Section 304.1 of the 
New York City Building Code
shall comply with fixture counts 
for Group B occupancies.
403.1.1 Fixture calculations.
To determine the occupant load of each sex, the total
occupant load shall be divided 
in half
. To determine the required number of fixtures, the fixture ratio or ratios for each fixture type shall be 
applied to the occupant load of each sex in accordance with Table 403.1. 
Fractional numbers resulting from ap-
p
lying the fixture ratios of Table 403.1 shall be rounded up to the next whole number. For calculations involving 
multiple occupancies, such fractional numbers for each occupancy shall first be summed and then rounded up to 
the next whole number.
Fixture ca
lculations in Group B office occupancies shall utilize the total occupant load on 
a given floor to determine the number of fixtures required for that floor.
Exception: 
The total occupant load shall not be required to be divided in half where approved stati
stical data 
indicates a distribution of the sexes of other than 50 percent of each sex.
403.1.2 Family or assisted
-
use toilet and bath fixtures.
Fixtures located within family or assisted
-
use toilet and 
bathing rooms required by Section 1109.2.1 of the 
New
York City 
Building Code 
are permitted to be included in 
the number of required fixtures for either the male or female occupants in assembly and mercantile occupancies.
403.1.3 Single
-
occupant toilet fixtures. 
Fixtures located within single
-
occupant toilet
rooms are permitted to be 
included in the number of fixtures required by Section 403, or where applicable the 
1968 Building Code
, for either 
the male or the female occupants. Fixtures located within toilet rooms subject to the exception of Section 403.2.1
are permitted to be included in the number of fixtures required by Section 403, or where applicable the 
1968 Build-
ing Code
, only for that sex.
403.2 Separate facilities.
Where plumbing fixtures are required, separate facilities shall be provided for each 
sex.
Exceptions:
1.
Separate facilities shall not be required for dwelling units and sleeping units.
2.
In structures or tenant spaces where combined employee and public toilet facilities are provided in accord-
ance with Section 403.3, separate facilities 
shall not be required where the total number of employees, cus-
tomers, patrons and visitors is 30 or fewer.
3.
In structures or tenant spaces where required toilet facilities for only employee use are provided in accordance 
with Section 403.3, separate faci
lities shall not be required where the total number of employees is 30 or 
fewer.
4.
In structures or tenant spaces where required toilet facilities for only public use are provided in accordance 
with Section 403.3, separate facilities shall not be required
where the total number of customers, patrons and 
visitors is 30 or fewer.
‡‡‡
403.2.1 Family or assisted
-
use toilet facilities serving as separate facilities. 
Where a building or tenant 
space requires a separate toilet facility for each sex and each 
toilet facility is required to have only one water closet, 
two
-
family or assisted
-
use toilet facilities shall be permitted to serve as the required separate facilities. Family or 
assisted
-
use toilet facilities shall not be required to be identified for exc
lusive use by either sex as required by 
Section 403.4.
403.2.2 Single
-
occupant toilet rooms. 
All single
-
occupant toilet rooms shall be made available for use by persons 
of any sex. Existing toilet rooms shall comply with this section. Nothing in this secti
on shall be construed to affect 
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
or alter the number of toilet rooms in a building otherwise required pursuant to this code or where applicable the 
1968 Building Code
.
Exception: 
Where egress from a single
-
occupant toilet room is through a room permissibly 
restricted by sex.
403.3 Required employee and public toilet facilities.
Employees shall be provided with toilet facilities in all occu-
pancies. The number of plumbing fixtures located within the required employee toilet facilities shall be provided in 
acco
rdance with Section 403 for all employees. Customers, patrons and visitors shall be provided with public toilet 
facilities in structures and tenant spaces intended for public utilization. The number of plumbing fixtures located 
within the required public t
oilet facilities shall be provided in accordance with Section 403 for all customers, patrons 
and visitors. Employee and public toilet facilities may be separate or combined. Where combined facilities are pro-
vided, the number of plumbing fixtures shall be i
n accordance with Section 403 for all users. 
Exception:
Public utilization of toilet facilities shall not be required for:
1.
Food service establishments, as defined in Section 81.03 of the 
New York City Health Code
, with a seating 
capacity of less than 2
0, provided such establishments are less than 10,000 square feet (929 m
2
).
2.
Establishments less than 10,000 square feet (929 m
2
) classified as Occupancy Group B or M pursuant to 
Sections 304.1 and 309.1 of the 
New York City Building Code
, respectively, p
rovided however that this 
exception shall not apply to a building or nonaccessory tenant space used for assembly purposes by fewer 
than 75 persons and classified as a Group B occupancy in accordance with Section 303.1.2 of the 
New York 
City Building Code
.
403.3.1 Access.
The route to the public toilet facilities required by Section 403.3 shall not pass through kitchens, 
storage rooms or closets. Access to the required facilities shall be from within the building or from the exterior of 
the building.
Routes
shall comply with the accessibility requirements of the 
New York City 
Building Code
. 
The 
public
shall have access to the required toilet facilities at all times that the building is occupied.
403.3.2 Prohibited toilet room location.
Toilet rooms shall not 
open directly into a room used for the preparation 
of food for service to the public.
403.3.3 Location of toilet facilities in occupancies other than malls.
In occupancies other than covered and open 
mall buildings, the required public and employee toilet facilities shall be located not more than one story above or 
below the space required to be provided with toilet facilities, and the path of travel to such f
acilities shall not exceed 
a distance of 500 feet (152 m).
Exception: 
The location and maximum
distances of travel to required employee facilities in factory and indus-
trial occupancies are permitted to exceed that required by this section, provided that th
e location and maximum 
distance of travel are approved.
403.3.4 Location of toilet facilities in malls.
In covered and open mall buildings, the required public and employee 
toilet facilities shall be located not more than one story above or below the space
required to be provided with toilet 
facilities, and the path of travel to such facilities shall not exceed a distance of 300 feet (91 m). In
mall buildings, 
the required facilities shall be based on total square footage within a covered mall building or w
ithin the perimeter 
line of an open mall building, and facilities shall be installed in each individual store or in a central toilet area 
located in accordance with this section. The maximum distance of travel to central toilet facilities in mall buildings
shall be measured from the main entrance of any store or tenant space. In
mall buildings, where employees’ toilet 
facilities are not provided in the individual store, the maximum distance of travel shall be measured from the em-
ployees’ work area of the st
ore or tenant space.
403.3.5 Pay facilities.
Where pay facilities are installed, such facilities shall be in excess of
the required minimum 
facilities. Required facilities shall be free of charge.
403.3.6 Door locking. 
Where a toilet room is provided for the use of multiple occupants, the egress door for the 
room shall not be lockable from the inside of the room. This sec
tion does not apply to family or assisted
-
use toilet 
rooms.
403.4 Signage.
Required public facilities shall be designated by a legible sign for each sex or, for a single
-
occupant 
toilet room, for all sexes. Signs shall be readily visible and located near t
he entrance to each toilet facility. Existing 
single
-
occupant toilet rooms shall comply with this requirement.
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
403.4.1 Directional signage.
Directional signage indicating the route to the required public toilet facilities shall be 
posted in 
accordance with
Section 1110 of the New York City Building Code. Such signage shall be located in 
a 
lobby, corridor, aisle or similar space, such that the sign can be readily seen from the main entrance to the 
building 
or tenant space
.
403.5 Drinking fountain location. 
D
rinking fountains shall not be required to be located in individual tenant spaces 
provided that public drinking fountains are located on each story within a distance of travel of 500 feet (152 m) of the 
most remote location in the tenant space on such stor
y. Where the tenant space is in a covered or open mall, such 
distance shall not exceed 300 feet (91 m). Drinking fountains shall be located on an accessible route.
SECTION 
PC
404
ACCESSIBLE PLUMBING FACILITIES
404.1 Where required.
Accessible plumbing faci
lities and fixtures shall be provided in accordance with the 
New 
York City 
Building Code
.
404.2 Accessible fixture requirements. 
Accessible plumbing fixtures shall be installed with the clearances, heights, 
spacings and arrangements in accordance with ICC 
A117.1.
404.3 Exposed pipes and surfaces. 
Water supply and drain pipes under accessible lavatories and sinks shall be cov-
ered or otherwise configured to protect against contact. Pipe coverings shall comply with ASME A112.18.9.
SECTION PC 405
INSTALLATION O
F FIXTURES
405.1 Water supply protection.
The supply lines and fittings for every plumbing fixture shall be installed so as to 
prevent backflow.
405.2 Access for cleaning.
Plumbing fixtures shall be installed so as to
afford easy access for cleaning both the fixture 
and the area around the fixture.
405.3 Setting.
Fixtures shall be set level and in proper alignment with reference to adjacent walls.
405.3.1 Water closets, urinals, lavatories and bidets.
A water closet, u
rinal, lavatory or bidet shall not be set 
closer than 15 inches (381 mm) from its center to any side wall, partition, vanity or other obstruction, or closer than 
30 inches (762 mm) center to center between adjacent fixtures. There shall be 
not less than
a 
21
-
inch (533 mm) 
clearance in front of the water closet, urinal, lavatory or bidet to any wall, fixture or door. Water closet compart-
ments shall be not less than 30 inches (762 mm) 
in width
and not less than 60 inches (1524 mm) in depth for floor
-
mounted w
ater closets and not less than 30 inches (762 mm) in width and 56 inches (1422 mm) in depth for wall
-
hung water closets.
405.3.2 Public lavatories.
In employee and public toilet rooms, the required lavatory shall be located in the same 
room as the required
water closet.
405.3.3 Location of fixtures and piping. 
Piping, fixtures or equipment shall not be located in such a manner as to 
interfere with the normal operation of windows, doors or other means of egress openings.
405.3.4 Water closet compartment. 
Eac
h water closet utilized by the public or employees shall occupy a separate 
compartment with walls or partitions and a door enclosing the fixtures to ensure privacy.
Exceptions:
1.
Water closet compartments shall not be required in a single
-
occupant toile
t room with a lockable door.
2.
Toilet rooms located in child day care facilities and containing two or more water closets shall be permitted 
to have one water closet without an enclosing compartment.
3.
Toilet areas located within Group I
-
3 housing areas.
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
405.3.5 Urinal partitions. 
Each urinal utilized by the public or employees shall occupy a separate area with walls 
or partitions to provide privacy. The walls or partitions shall begin at a height not greater than 12 inches (305 mm) 
from and extend not le
ss than 60 inches (1524 mm) above the finished floor surface. The walls or partitions shall 
extend from the wall surface at each side of the urinal not less than 18 inches (457 mm) or to a point not less than 
6 inches (152 mm) beyond the outermost front li
p of the urinal measured from the finished backwall surface, 
whichever is greater.
1.
Urinal partitions shall not be required in a single occupant or family/assisted
-
use toilet room with a lockable 
door.
2.
Toilet rooms located in child day care facilities
and containing two or more urinals shall be permitted to have 
one urinal without partitions.
405.4 Floor and wall drainage connections.
Connections between the drain and floor outlet plumbing fixtures shall 
be made with a floor flange or a waste connector and sealing gasket. The waste connector and sealing gasket joint 
shall comply with the joint tightness test of ASME A112.4.3 and shall b
e installed in accordance with the manufac-
turer’s instructions. The flange shall be attached to the drain and anchored to the structure. Connections between the 
drain and wall
-
hung water closets shall be made with an approved extension nipple or horn adapt
or. The water closet 
shall be bolted to the 
carrier
with corrosion
-
resistant bolts or screws. Joints shall be sealed with an approved elasto-
meric gasket, flange
-
to
-
fixture connection complying with ASME A112.4.3 or an approved setting compound.
405.4.1 Flo
or flanges.
Floor flanges for water closets or similar fixtures shall be not less than 0.125 inch (3.2 mm) 
thick for brass, 0.25 inch (6.4 mm) thick for plastic and 0.25 inch (6.4 mm) thick and not less than a 2
-
inch (51 
mm) caulking depth for cast
-
iron or
galvanized malleable iron.
Floor flanges of hard lead shall weigh not less than 1 pound, 9 ounces (0.7 kg) and shall be composed of lead 
alloy with not less than 7.75
-
percent antimony by weight. Closet screws and bolts shall be of brass. Flanges shall 
be 
secured to the building structure with corrosion
-
resistant screws or bolts.
405.4.2 Securing floor outlet fixtures.
Floor outlet fixtures shall be secured to the floor or floor flanges by screws 
or bolts of corrosion
-
resistant material.
405.4.3 
Securing wall
-
hung water closet bowls.
Wall
-
hung
water closet bowls shall be supported by a concealed 
metal carrier that is attached to the building 
structure
so that strain is not transmitted to the closet connector or any 
other part of the plumbing syste
m. The carrier shall conform to ASME A112.6.1M or ASME A112.6.2.
405.5 Water
-
tight joints.
Joints formed where fixtures come in contact with walls or floors shall be sealed.
405.6 Plumbing in mental health centers.
In mental health centers, pipes or traps 
shall not be exposed, and fixtures 
shall be bolted through walls.
405.7 Design of overflows.
Where any fixture is provided with an overflow, the waste shall be designed and installed 
so that standing water in the fixture will not rise in the overflow when 
the stopper is closed, and no water will remain 
in the overflow when the fixture is empty.
Exception:
Existing overflows for bath tubs utilizing standing wastes.
405.7.1 Connection of overflows.
The overflow from any fixture shall discharge into the draina
ge system on the 
inlet or fixture side of the trap.
Exception: 
The overflow from a flush tank serving a water closet or urinal shall discharge into the fixture 
served.
405.8 Slip joint connections.
Slip joints shall be made with an approved elastomeric gas
ket and shall only be installed 
on the trap outlet, trap inlet and within the trap seal. Fixtures with concealed slip joint connections shall be provided 
with an access panel or utility space
not less than
12 inches (305 mm) in its smallest dimension or ot
her approved 
arrangement so as to provide access to the slip joint connections for inspection and repair.
405.9 Design and installation of plumbing fixtures.
Integral fixture fitting mounting surfaces on manufactured 
plumbing fixtures or plumbing fixtures 
constructed on site shall meet the design requirements of 
ASME 
A11
2.19.2/CSA B45.1 or 
ASME A112.19.
3/CSA B45.4.
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
SECTION 
PC
406
AUTOMATIC CLOTHES WASHERS
406.1 Water connection. 
The water supply to an automatic clothes washer shall be protected against backflow by an 
air gap that is integral with the 
machine or 
a backflow preventer shall be installed in accordance with Section
608.
Air 
gaps shall comply with ASME A112.1.2 or A112.
1.3.
406.2 Waste connection.
The waste from an automatic clothes washer shall discharge through an air break into a 
standpipe in accordance with Section 802 or into a laundry sink. The trap and fixture drain for an automatic clothes 
washer standpipe shall 
be 
not less than
2 inches (51 mm) in diameter. The fixture drain for the standpipe serving an 
automatic clothes washer
shall connect to a 
3
-
inch
(76 mm) or larger diameter fixture branch, building drain, or stack. 
Automatic clothes washers that discharge b
y gravity shall be permitted to drain to a waste receptor or an approved 
trench drain.
SECTION 
PC 
407
BATHTUBS
407.1 Approval.
Bathtubs shall conform to 
ASME A112.19.1
/CSA B45.2, 
ASME A112.19.
2/CSA B45.1, 
ASME 
A112.19.3/
CSA B45.4, or CSA B45.5/IAPMO Z124.
407.2 Bathtub waste outlets and overflows. 
Bathtubs shall 
be equipped with a 
waste outlet and an overflow outlet. 
The outlets shall be connected to waste tubing or piping not less than 1
1
/
2
inches (38 mm) in diameter. The waste 
outlet shall be equipped wit
h a water
-
tight stopper.
407.3 Glazing.
Windows and doors within a bathtub enclosure shall conform to the safety glazing requirements of 
the 
New York City 
Building Code
.
407.4 Bathtub enclosure.
Doors 
in
a bathtub enclosure shall conform to ASME A112.19.15.
SECTION
PC
408
BIDETS
408.1 Approval.
Bidets shall conform to 
ASME A112.19.2/CSA B45.1.
408.2 Water connection.
The water supply to a bidet shall be protected against backflow by an air gap or backflow
preventer in accordance with Section 608.13.
408.3 Bidet water temperature.
The discharge water temperature from a bidet fitting shall be limited to a maximum 
temperature of 110°F (43°C) by a water temperature limiting device conforming to ASSE 1070 or CS
A B125.3.
SECTION
PC
409
DISHWASHING MACHINES
409.1 Approval.
Commercial dishwashing machines shall conform to ASSE 1004 and NSF 3. Commercial dishwash-
ing machines with integral gas
-
fired heating must be tested and evaluated in accordance with UL 921.
409.
2 Water connection.
The water supply to a dishwashing machine shall be protected against backflow by an air 
gap that is integral with the machine or a backflow preventer shall be installed in accordance with Section 608. Air 
gaps shall comply with ASME A11
2.1.2 or A112.1.3.
409.3 Waste connection.
The waste connection of a dishwashing machine shall comply with 
Section 802
.
SECTION
PC
410
DRINKING FOUNTAINS
410.1 Approval.
Drinking fountains shall conform to ASME A112.19.1/CSA B45.2
or ASME 
A112.19.2/CSA B45.1
and water coolers shall conform to AHRI 1010. Drinking fountains
and water coolers shall conform to 
NSF 61, 
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
Section 9 and ICC A117.1
. Drinking fountains 
required by Table 403.1 shall be equipped with both a bubbler faucet 
for 
drinking a
nd 
a separate faucet designed for filling a container at least 10 inches (254 mm)
in 
height.
Drinking 
fountains and water coolers shall comply with the lead requirements of Section 605.
410.2 Small occupancies. 
Drinking fountains shall not be required for 
an occupant load of 15 or fewer.
410.3 Required
drinking fountains.
Where water is served in restaurants, drinking fountains shall not be required. 
In other occupancies, where drinking fountains are required, up to 50 percent of required drinking fountains
con-
forming to Section 410.1 may be substituted by dedicated plumbing fixtures with faucets designed for filling a con-
tainer at least 10 inches (254 mm) in height, provided any such dedicated plumbing fixture is adjacent to or readily 
visible from the loca
tion of a drinking fountain conforming to Section 410.1. Bottled water dispensers shall not be 
substituted for required drinking fountains.
410.4 Prohibited location. 
Drinking fountains and plumbing fixtures with faucets permitted to be substituted for 
re
quired drinking fountains shall not be installed in public restrooms.
SECTION
PC
411
EMERGENCY SHOWERS AND EYEWASH STATIONS
411.1 Approval.
Emergency showers and eyewash stations shall conform to ISEA Z358.1.
411.2 Waste connection.
Waste 
connections shall not be required for emergency showers and eyewash stations.
SECTION 
PC
412
FLOOR AND TRENCH DRAINS
412.1 Approval.
Floor drains shall conform to ASME A112.3.1, ASME A112.6.3 or CSA B79. Trench drains shall 
comply with ASME A112.6.3.
412.2
Floor drains.
Floor drains shall have removable strainers.
The floor drain shall be constructed so that the drain 
is capable of being cleaned. Access shall be provided to the drain inlet. Ready access shall be provided to floor drains.
Exception: 
Floor dr
ains serving refrigerated display cases shall be provided with access.
412.3 Size of floor drains.
Floor drains shall have a drain outlet not less than 3 inches (76 mm) in diameter.
412.4 Public laundries and central washing facilities.
In public 
coin
-
operated laundries and in the central washing 
facilities of multiple
-
family dwellings, the rooms containing automatic clothes washers shall be provided with floor 
drains located to readily drain the entire floor area. Such drains shall have an outlet 
of not less than 3 inches (76 mm) 
in diameter
and be provided with lint strainers
.
SECTION 
PC
413
FOOD WASTE 
DISPOSER
UNITS
413.1 Approval.
Domestic food waste 
disposers
shall conform to ASSE 1008 and shall be listed and labeled in ac-
cordance with UL 430
.
Food waste 
disposers
shall not increase the drainage fixture unit load on the sanitary drainage 
system.
Food waste disposers
shall be permitted only within dwelling units.
413.2 Domestic food waste 
disposer
waste outlets.
The outlets of domestic food waste
disposers
shall be connected 
to a drain of not less than 
2 inches (
51 
mm) in diameter
.
413.3 Commercial food waste disposer units. 
Commercial food waste disposers shall be prohibited unless approved 
for use by the Department of Environmental Protection.
4
13.4 Water supply required.
Food
waste 
disposers
shall be provided with a supply of cold water.
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
SECTION
PC
414
GARBAGE CAN WASHERS
414.1 Water connection.
The water supply to a garbage can washer shall be protected against backflow by an air gap 
or a 
backflow preventer in accordance with Section 608.13.1, 608.13.2, 608.13.3, 608.13.5, 608.13.6 or 608.13.8.
414.2 Waste connection.
Garbage can washers shall be trapped separately. The receptacle receiving the waste from 
the washer shall have a removable b
asket or strainer to prevent the discharge of large particles into the drainage system.
SECTION 
PC
415
LAUNDRY TRAYS
415.1 Approval.
Laundry trays shall conform to ASME A112.19.1/CSA B45.2, ASME A112.19.2/CSA B45.1, 
ASME A119.19.3/CSA B45.4 or CSA B45.5/IA
PMO Z124.
415.2 Waste outlet.
Each compartment of a laundry tray shall be provided with a waste outlet not less than 1
1
/
2
inches 
(38 mm) in diameter and a strainer or crossbar to restrict the clear opening of the waste outlet.
SECTION PC 416
LAVATORIES
416
.1 Approval.
Lavatories shall conform to ASME A112.19.1/CSA B45.2, ASME A112.19.2/CSA B45.1, ASME 
A112.19.3/CSA B45.4 or CSA B45.5/IAPMO Z124. Group wash
-
up equipment shall conform to the requirements 
of Section 402. Every 20 inches (508 mm) of rim 
space shall be considered as one lavatory.
416.2 Cultured marble lavatories.
Cultured marble vanity tops with an integral lavatory shall conform to 
CSA 
B45.5/IAPMO Z124.
416.3 Lavatory waste outlets.
Lavatories shall have waste outlets not less than 
1
1
/
4
inches (32 mm) in diameter. A 
strainer, pop
-
up stopper, crossbar or other device shall be provided to restrict the clear opening of the waste outlet.
Where a stopper is utilized, a built
-
in overflow sh
all be provided.
416.4 Moveable lavatory systems.
Moveable lavatory systems shall comply with ASME A112.19.12.
416.5 Tempered water for public hand
-
washing facilities.
Tempered water shall be delivered from lavatories and 
group wash fixtures located in pub
lic 
toilet
facilities provided for customers, patrons and visitors. Tempered water 
shall be delivered through an approved water
-
temperature limiting device that conforms to 
ASSE 
1070.
Exception:
Where point of use heaters are installed, outlet water temper
ature shall be regulated to provide tempered 
water.
SECTION 
PC 
417
SHOWERS
417.1 Approval.
Prefabricated showers and shower compartments shall conform to ASME A112.19.2/CSA B45.1 
or CSA B45.5/IAPMO Z124. Shower valves for individual showers shall 
conform to the requirements of Section 
424.3.
417.2 Water supply riser.
Water supply risers from the shower valve to the shower head outlet, whether exposed or 
concealed, shall be attached to the structure. The attachment to the structure shall be made by 
the use of support 
devices designed for use with the specific piping material or by fittings anchored with screws.
417.3 Shower waste outlet.
Waste outlets serving showers shall be 
not less than 
2 inches (
51
mm) in diameter and, 
for other than waste outlet
s in bathtubs, shall have removable strainers not less than 3 inches (76 mm) in diameter 
with strainer openings not less than 
1
/
4
inch (6.4 mm) in 
least
dimension. Where each shower space is not provided 
with an individual waste outlet, the waste outlet sh
all be located and the floor pitched so that waste from one shower 
does not flow over the floor area serving another shower. Waste outlets shall be fastened to the waste pipe in an 
approved manner.
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
417.4 Shower compartments.
Shower
compartments shall 
be no
t less than
900 square inches (0.58 m
2
) 
in
interior 
cross
-
sectional
area. Shower compartments shall be not
less than 30 inches (762 mm) in 
least
dimension as measured 
from the finished interior dimension of the compartment, exclusive of fixture valves, showerheads, soap dishes and 
safety grab bars or rails. Except as required in Section
404, the minimum required area and dimension shall be meas-
ure
d from the finished interior dimension at a height equal to the top of the threshold and at a point tangent to its 
centerline and shall be continued to a height not less than 70 inches (1778 mm) above the shower drain outlet.
417.4.1 Floor and wall area.
B
athtub floors, shower floors, wall areas above built
-
in tubs 
that have
installed 
shower heads and walls in shower compartments shall be constructed of smooth, 
corrosion
-
resistant
and nonabsor-
bent waterproof materials. Wall materials shall extend to a heigh
t of not less than 6 feet (1829 mm) above the room 
floor level, and not less than 70 inches (1778 mm) 
above
the drain of the tub or shower. Such walls shall form a 
water
-
tight joint with each other and with either the tub or shower floor.
417.4.2 Access.
T
he shower compartment access and egress opening shall have a clear and unobstructed finished 
width of not less than 22 inches (559 mm). Shower compartments required to be designed in conformance to ac-
cessibility provisions shall comply with Section 404.1.
417.5 Shower floors or receptors.
Floor surfaces shall be constructed of impervious, noncorrosive, nonabsorbent and 
waterproof materials.
417.5.1 Support.
Floors or receptors under shower compartments shall be laid on, and supported by, a smooth and 
struct
urally sound base.
417.5.2 Shower lining.
Floors under shower compartments, except where prefabricated receptors have been pro-
vided, shall be lined and made water tight utilizing material complying with Sections 417.5.2.1 through 417.5.2.6. 
Such liners sha
ll turn up on all sides 
not less than
2 inches (51 mm) above the finished threshold level. Liners shall 
be recessed and fastened to an approved backing so as not to occupy the space required for wall covering, and shall 
not be nailed or perforated at any p
oint less than 1 inch (25 mm) above the finished threshold. Liners shall be 
pitched one
-
fourth unit vertical in 12 units horizontal (2
-
percent slope) and shall be sloped toward the fixture drains 
and be securely fastened to the waste outlet at the seepage 
entrance, making a water
-
tight joint between the liner 
and the outlet. The completed liner shall be tested in accordance with Section 312.9.
Exceptions:
1.
Floor surfaces under shower heads provided for rinsing laid directly on the ground are not required 
to 
comply with this section.
2.
Where a sheet
-
applied, load
-
bearing, bonded, waterproof membrane is installed as the shower lining, the 
membrane shall not be required to be recessed.
417.5.2.1 PVC sheets.
Plasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC) sheets shall m
eet the requirements of ASTM D 
4551. Sheets shall be joined by solvent welding in accordance with the manufacturer’s installation instructions.
417.5.2.2 Chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) sheets.
Nonplasticized chlorinated polyethylene sheet shall meet 
the re
quirements of ASTM D 4068. The liner shall be joined in accordance with the manufacturer’s installation 
instructions.
417.5.2.3 Sheet lead.
Sheet lead
shall weigh not less than 4 pounds per square foot (19.5 kg/m
2
) and shall be 
coated with an asphalt paint or other approved coating. The lead sheet shall be insulated from conducting sub-
stances other than the connecting drain by 15
-
pound (6.80 kg) asphalt
felt or 
an
equivalent. Sheet lead shall be 
joined by burning or soldering.
417.5.2.4 Sheet copper.
Sheet copper shall conform to ASTM B 152 and shall weigh not
less than 12 ounces 
per square foot (3.7 kg/m
2
). The copper sheet shall be insulated from condu
cting substances other than the 
connecting drain by 15
-
pound (6.80 kg) asphalt felt or 
an
equivalent. Sheet copper shall be joined by brazing or 
soldering.
417.5.2.5 Sheet
-
applied, load
-
bearing, bonded, waterproof membranes.
Sheet
-
applied, load
-
bearing, 
bo
nded, waterproof membranes shall meet requirements of ANSI A118.10 and shall be applied in accordance 
with the manufacturer’s installation instructions.
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
417.5.2.6 Liquid
-
type, trowel
-
applied, load
-
bearing, bonded waterproof materials. 
Liquid
-
type, trowel
-
a
p-
plied, load
-
bearing, bonded waterproof materials shall meet the requirements of ANSI A118.10 and shall be 
applied in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
417.6 Glazing.
Windows and doors within a shower enclosure shall conform to the safety gl
azing requirements of the 
New York City 
Building Code
.
SECTION 
PC 
418
SINKS
418.1 Approval.
Sinks shall conform to ASME A112.19.1/CSA B45.2, ASME A112.19.2/CSA B45.1, ASME 
A112.19.3/CSA B45.4 or CSA B45.5/IAPMO Z124.
418.2 Sink waste outlets.
Sinks shall be provided with waste outlets having a diameter not less than 
1
1
/
2
inches (38 
mm).
A strainer or crossbar shall be provided to restrict the clear opening of the waste outlet.
418.3 Moveable sink systems.
Moveable sink systems shall 
comply with ASME A112.19.12.
SECTION 
PC
419
URINALS
419.1 Approval.
Urinals shall conform to ASME A112.19.2/CSA B45.1, ASME A112.19.19 or CSA B45.5/IAPMO 
Z124. Urinals shall conform to the water consumption requirements of Section 604.4. Water
-
supplied uri
nals shall 
conform to the hydraulic performance requirements of ASME A112.19.2/CSA B45.1 or CSA B45.5/IAPMO Z124.
419.2 Substitution for water closets.
In each bathroom or toilet room, urinals shall not be substituted for more than 
50 percent
of the requir
ed water closets.
419.3 Surrounding material.
Wall and floor space to a point 2 feet (610 mm) in front of a urinal lip and 4 feet (1219 
mm) above the floor and at least 2 feet (610 mm) to each side of the urinal shall be waterproofed with a smooth, 
readily
cleanable, nonabsorbent material.
419.4 Waterless urinals.
Approved waterless urinals may be utilized only as part of an approved building water 
conservation plan prepared in accordance with the rules of the department.
SECTION 
PC 
420
WATER CLOSETS
420.1 
Approval.
Water closets shall conform to the water consumption requirements of Section 604.4 and shall con-
form to 
ASME A112.19.2/CSA B45.1
, ASME A112.19.3/CSA B45.4 or CSA B45.5/IAPMO Z124. Water closets 
shall conform to the hydraulic performance requireme
nts of ASME A112.19.2/CSAB45.1. Water closet tanks shall 
conform to 
ASME A112.19.2/CSA B45.1, 
ASME A112.19.3/CSA B45.4 or CSA B45.5/IAPMO Z124. Electro
-
hy-
draulic water closets shall comply with 
ASME 
A112.19.2/CSA B45.1. Water closets equipped with a 
dual flushing 
device shall comply with ASME A112.19.14.
420.2 Water closets for public or employee toilet facilities.
Water closet bowls for public or employee toilet facili-
ties shall be of the elongated type.
420.3 Water closet seats.
Water closets shall 
be equipped with seats of smooth, nonabsorbent material. All seats of 
water closets provided for public or employee toilet facilities shall be of the hinged open
-
front type. Integral water 
closet seats shall be of the same material as the fixture. Water cl
oset seats shall be sized for the water closet bowl type.
420.4 Water closet connections.
A 4
-
inch by 3
-
inch (102 mm by 76 mm) closet bend shall be acceptable. Where a 
3
-
inch (76 mm) bend is utilized on water closets, a 4
-
inch by 3
-
inch (102 mm by 76 mm) f
lange shall be installed to 
receive the fixture horn
.
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
420.5 Water closets for children’s use.
In nurseries, schools, and similar places where plumbing fixtures are pro-
vided for the use of children under 6 years of age, such water closets shall be of a size
and height suitable for the 
children’s use.
SECTION 
PC 
421
WHIRLPOOL BATHTUBS
421.1 Approval.
Whirlpool bathtubs shall comply with 
ASME A112.19.7/CSAz B45.10 and shall be listed and la-
beled in accordance with UL 1795.
421.2 Installation.
Whirlpool bathtub
s shall be installed and tested in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. 
The pump shall be located above the weir of the fixture trap.
421.3 Drain.
The pump drain and circulation piping shall be sloped to drain the water in the volute and the ci
rculation 
piping when the whirlpool bathtub is empty.
421.4 Suction fittings.
Suction fittings for whirlpool bathtubs shall comply with ASME A112.19.7/CSA B45.10.
421.5 Access to pump.
Access shall be provided to circulation pumps in accordance with the fi
xture or pump manu-
facturer’s installation instructions. Where the manufacturer’s instructions do not specify the location and minimum 
size of field
-
fabricated access openings, an opening not less than 12 inches by 12 inches (305 mm by 305 mm) shall 
be inst
alled to provide access to the circulation pump. Where pumps are located more than 2 feet (609 mm) from the 
access opening, an opening not less than 18 inches by 18 inches (457 mm by 457 mm) shall be installed. A door or 
panel shall be permitted to close t
he opening. In all cases, the access opening shall be unobstructed and of the size 
necessary to permit the removal and replacement of the circulation pump.
421.6 Whirlpool enclosure.
Doors within a whirlpool enclosure shall conform to ASME 
A112.19.15.
SECTION 
PC 
422
HEALTH CARE FIXTURES AND EQUIPMENT
422.1 Scope.
This section shall govern those aspects of health care plumbing systems that differ from plumbing sys-
tems in other structures. Health care plumbing systems shall conform to the requ
irements of this section in addition to 
the other requirements of this code. The provisions of this section shall apply to the special devices and equipment 
installed and maintained in the following occupancies: hospitals, nursing homes, homes for the aged
, orphanages, 
infirmaries, first aid stations, psychiatric facilities, clinics, professional offices of dentists and doctors, mortuaries, 
educational facilities, surgery, dentistry, research and testing laboratories, establishments manufacturing pharmaceu-
t
ical drugs and medicines
,
animal care facilities, and other structures with similar apparatus and equipment classified 
as plumbing.
422.2 Approval.
All special plumbing fixtures, equipment, devices, assemblies and apparatus shall be of an approved 
type.
42
2.3 Protection.
All devices, appurtenances, appliances and apparatus intended to serve some special function, such 
as sterilization, distillation, processing, cooling, or storage of ice or foods, and that connect to either the water supply 
or drainage syst
em, shall be provided with protection against backflow, flooding, fouling, contamination of the water 
supply system and stoppage of the drain.
422.4 Materials.
Fixtures designed for therapy, special cleansing or disposal of waste materials, combinations of
such 
purposes, or any other special purpose, shall be of smooth, impervious, corrosion
-
resistant materials and, where sub-
jected to temperatures in excess of 180°F (82°C), shall be capable of withstanding, without damage, higher tempera-
tures.
422.5 Access.
Access shall be provided to concealed piping in connection with special fixtures where such piping 
contains steam traps, valves, relief valves, check valves, vacuum breakers or other similar items that require periodic 
inspection, servicing, maintenance o
r repair. Access shall be provided to concealed piping that requires periodic in-
spection, maintenance or repair.
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
422.6 Clinical sink.
A clinical sink shall have an integral trap in which the upper portion of a visible trap seal provides 
a water surface. Th
e fixture shall be designed so as to permit complete removal of the contents by siphonic or blowout 
action and to reseal the trap. A flushing rim shall provide water to cleanse the interior surface. The fixture shall have 
the flushing and cleansing charact
eristics of a water closet.
422.7 Prohibited usage of clinical sinks and service sinks.
A clinical sink serving a soiled utility room shall not be 
considered as a substitute for, or be utilized as, a service sink. A service sink shall not be utilized for t
he disposal of 
urine, fecal matter or other human waste
.
422.8 Ice prohibited in soiled utility room.
Machines for manufacturing ice, or any device for the handling or storage 
of ice, shall not be located in a soiled utility room.
422.9 
Sterilizer equipment requirements.
The approval and installation of all sterilizers shall conform to the re-
quirements of the 
New York City 
Mechanical Code
.
422.9.1 Sterilizer piping.
Access
for the purposes of inspection and maintenance shall be provided t
o all sterilizer 
piping and devices necessary for the operation of sterilizers.
422.9.2 Steam supply.
Steam supplies to sterilizers, including those connected by pipes from overhead mains or 
branches, shall be drained to prevent any moisture from reaching 
the sterilizer. The condensate drainage from the 
steam supply shall be discharged by gravity.
422.9.3 Steam condensate return.
Steam condensate returns from sterilizers shall be a gravity return system.
422.9.4 Condensers.
Pressure sterilizers shall be equ
ipped with a means of condensing and cooling the exhaust 
steam vapors. Nonpressure sterilizers shall be equipped with a device that will automatically control the vapor, 
confining the vapors within the vessel.
422.10 Special elevations. 
Control valves, vac
uum outlets and devices protruding from a wall of an operating, emer-
gency, recovery, examining or delivery room, or in a corridor or other location where patients are transported on a 
wheeled stretcher, shall be located at an elevation that prevents bumpin
g the patient or stretcher against the device.
SECTION 
PC 
423
SPECIALTY PLUMBING FIXTURES
423.1 Water connections.
Baptisteries, ornamental and lily pools, aquariums, ornamental fountain basins, swimming 
pools, and similar constructions, where 
provided with water supplies, shall be protected against backflow in accord-
ance with Section 608.
423.2 Approval.
Specialties requiring water and waste connections shall be submitted for approval.
423.3 Footbaths, pedicure baths and head shampoo sinks. 
The
water supplied to specialty plumbing fixtures, such 
as pedicure chairs having an integral foot bathtub, footbaths, and head shampoo sinks, shall be limited to a maximum 
temperature of 120°F (49°C) by a water temperature limiting device that conforms to AS
SE 1070 or CSA B125.3.
SECTION 
PC 
424
FAUCETS AND OTHER FIXTURE FITTINGS
424.1 Approval.
Faucets and fixture fittings shall conform to ASME A112.18.1/CSA B125.1. Faucets and fixture 
fittings that supply drinking water for human ingestion shall conform to t
he requirements of NSF 61, 
section
9. Flex-
ible water connectors exposed to continuous pressure shall conform to the requirements of Section 605.6.
424.1.1 Faucets and supply fittings.
Faucets and supply fittings shall conform to the water consumption requi
re-
ments of Section 604.4.
424.1.2 Waste fittings.
Waste fittings shall conform to ASME A112.18.2/CSA B125.2, ASTM F 409 or to one of 
the standards listed in Tables 702.1 and 702.4 for 
aboveground
drainage and vent pipe and fittings.
424.1.3 Lavatory operat
ion without external electrical power.
Where automatic lavatory faucets connected to 
an external supply of electrical power are provided in a bathroom or toilet room, at least one lavatory faucet in such 
‡‡‡ Chapter 4 was amended by 
Local Law 
77 
of 2023
. This law has an effective
 date of June 10, 2023.
CHAPTER 4 
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS 
SECTION 
PC 
401
GENERAL
401.1 Scope. 
This chapter shall govern the materials, design and installation of plumbing fixtures, faucets and fixture 
fittings in accordance with the type of occupancy, and shall provide for the minimum number of fixtures for various 
types of occupancies.
401.2 Prohibited fixtures and connections.
Water closets having a concealed trap seal or an unventilated space or 
having walls that are not thoroughly washed 
at each discharge in accordance with 
ASME 
A112.19.2/CSA B45.1 shall 
be prohibited. Any water closet that permits siphonage of the contents of the bowl back into the tank shall be prohib-
ited. Trough urinals shall be prohibited.
401.3 Water conservation.
The
maximum water flow rates and flush volume for plumbing fixtures and fixture fittings 
shall comply with Section 604.
SECTION 
PC
402
FIXTURE MATERIAL
402.1 Quality of fixtures.
Plumbing fixtures shall be constructed of approved materials, with smooth, imper
vious 
surfaces, free from defects and concealed fouling surfaces, and shall conform to standards cited in this code. All 
porcelain enameled surfaces on plumbing fixtures shall be acid resistant.
402.2 Materials for specialty fixtures.
Materials for special
ty fixtures not otherwise covered in this code shall be of 
stainless steel, soapstone, chemical stoneware or plastic, or shall be lined with lead, copper
-
base alloy, nickel
-
copper 
alloy, corrosion
-
resistant steel or other material especially suited to the application for which the fixture is intended.
402.3 Sheet copper.
Sheet copper for general applications shall conform to ASTM B 152 and shall not weigh less 
than 12 ounces per square foot (3.7 kg/m
2
).
402.4 Sheet lead.
Sheet lead for pans shall not weigh less than 4 pounds per square foot (19.5 kg/m
2
) and shall be 
coated with an asphalt paint or other approved coating.
SECTION 
PC 
403
MINIMUM PLUMBING FACILITIES
403.1 Minimum number of fixtures.
Plumbing fixtures shall be provided for the type of occupancy and in the min-
imum number shown in Table 403.1. Types of occupancies not shown in Table 403.1 shall be considered individually 
by the 
commissioner.
The number of occupants shall be determined by the 
New York City 
Building Code
. 
Occupancy 
classification sha
ll be determined in accordance with the 
New York City Building Code
.   
TABLE 403.1
MINIMUM NUMBER OF REQUIRED PLUMBING FIXTURES
a 
(See Sections 403.1.1 and 403.2)
NO.
CLASSIFICATION
OCCUPANCY
h
DESCRIPTION
WATER CLOSETS
(URINALS: SEE SECTION 419.2)
LAVATORIES 
BATHTUBS
/ 
SHOWERS
DRINKING 
FOUNTAIN 
(SEE 
SECTION 
410
e
)
OTHER
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
MALE
FEMALE
MALE
FEMALE
1
Assembly
A
-
1
d
Theaters and other 
buildings
for the per-
forming arts and mo-
tion pictures
1 per 70 for 
the first 210 
and 1 per 
125 
for the 
remainder 
exceeding 
210
1 per 35 for 
the first 210 
and 1 per 65 
for the re-
mainder 
ex-
ceeding 210
1 per 200
—
1 per 500
1 service 
sink
A
-
2
d
Nightclubs, bars
f
, 
taverns, dance halls 
and buildings
for 
similar purposes
1 per 75
i
1 per 40
i
1 per 75
—
1 per 
500
1 service 
sink
Restaurants
g
, ban-
quet halls
and food courts
1 per 75
1 per 75
1 per 200
—
1 per 500
1 service 
sink
A
-
3
d
Auditoriums without 
permanent seating, 
art galleries, exhibi-
tion halls, museums, 
lecture halls, arcades 
and 
gymnasiums
1 per 70 for 
the first 210 
and 1 per 
125 
for the 
remainder 
exceeding 
210
1 per 35 for 
the first 210 
and 1 per 65 
for the re-
mainder 
ex-
ceeding 210
1 per 200
—
1 per 500
1 service 
sink
Passenger terminals 
and transportation 
facilities
1 per 
500
1 per 500
1 per 750
—
1 per 1,000
1 service 
sink
Places of worship 
and other religious 
services
1 per 150
1 per 75
1 per 200
—
1 per 1,000
1 service 
sink
A
-
4
Coliseums, arenas, 
skating 
rinks, pools 
and 
tennis 
courts for 
indoor sporting 
events and activities
1 per 75 for 
the first 
1,500 and 1 
per 120 for 
the remainder 
exceeding 
1,500
1 per 40
for 
the first 
1,520 
and
1 per 60 
for the re-
mainder ex-
ceeding 
1,520
1 per
200
1 per
150
—
1 per 1,000
1 service 
sink
A
-
5
Stadiums, 
amuse-
ment parks, bleach-
ers and grandstands 
for outdoor sporting 
events and activities
1 per 75 for 
the
first 
1
,500 and      
1 per 120 for 
the remainder 
exceeding 
1,500
1 per 40 for 
the first 1,520 
and 1 per 60 
for the re-
mainder ex-
ceeding 1,520
1 per 
200
1 
per 
150
—
1 per 1,000
1 service 
sink
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
2
Business
B
j, n
Buildings for the 
transaction
of busi-
ness, professional 
services, other       
services 
including 
merchandise
, office 
buildings
, banks, 
light industrial and 
similar uses
No. of persons for        No. of
each sex          
fixtures
1
–
20                  
1
21
–
45                  
2
46
–
70                  
3
71
–
100                  
4
101
–
140                  5
141
–
190                  6
1 fixture for each additional 
50 persons
No
. of   No. of
persons fix-
tures
for      each        
f                                                    
sex            
f
1
–
25               
1
26
–
50             
2
51
–
75             
3
76
–
115           
4
116
–
160         
5
1 fixture for 
each 
additional 
60 persons
—
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
m
3
Educational
E
Educational facili-
ties, including librar-
ies accessory to 
Group E
1 per 50
1 per 50
—
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
4
Factory and
industrial
F
-
1 and F
-
2
Structures in which 
occupants are 
en-
gaged in work fabri-
cating, assembly or 
processing of prod-
ucts or materials
1 per 100
1 per 100
(see     
Section
411)
1 per 400
1 service 
sink
5
Institutional
I
-
1
k
Residential care
1 per 10
1 per 10
1 per 8
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
I
-
2
Hospitals, 
ambulatory nursing 
home care recipient
1 per room
c
1 per room
c
1 per 15
1 per 100
1 service 
sink per 
floor
Employees, other 
than residential care
b
1 per 25
1 per 35
—
1 per 100
—
Visitors, other than 
residential
care
1 per 75
1 per 
100
—
1 per 500
—
I
-
3
Prisons
b
1 per cell
1 per cell
1 per 15
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
Reformatories, 
de-
tention
centers, and 
correctional 
centers
b
1 per 15
1 per 15
1 per 15
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
Employees
b
1 per 25
1 per 35
—
1 per 100
—
I
-
4
Adult day care and 
child day care
1 per 15
1 per 15
1 per 15
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
6
Mercantile
M
Retail stores, service 
stations, shops, 
salesrooms, markets 
and 
shopping
centers
1 per 500
1 per 750
—
1 per 1,000
1 service 
sink
m
7
Residential
R
-
1
k
Hotels, motels, 
boarding houses 
(transient)
1 per g
uestroom
1 per g
ues-
troom
1 per 
g
uestroom
—
1 service 
sink
R
-
1
k
Dormitories, 
frater-
nities
, sororities
and boarding 
houses (not 
transi-
ent
)
1 per 10
1 per 10
1 per 8
1 per 100
1 
service 
sink
R
-
2
k
Apartment house
1 per dwelling unit
1 per dwelling 
unit
1 per
dwelling
unit
—
1 kitchen 
sink per 
dwelling 
unit; 1 
automatic
clothes 
washer 
connection
per 20 
dwelling 
units
R
-
3
One
-
and two
-
family
dwellings and lodg-
ing houses with five 
or fewer 
guestrooms
1 per dwelling unit
1 per dwelling 
unit
1 per 
dwelling
unit
—
1 kitchen 
sink per 
dwelling 
unit; 1 
automatic
clothes 
washer 
connection
per 
dwelling 
unit
R
-
3
k
Congregate living 
fa-
cilities with 16 or 
fewer persons
1 per 10
1 per 10
1 per 8
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
8
Storage
S
-
1
S
-
2
Structures for the 
storage of goods, 
warehouses, 
store-
house
and freight de-
pots. Low and Mod-
erate Hazard.
1 per 100
1 per 100
See
Section 
411
1 per 
1,000
1 service 
sink
a. 
The fixtures shown are based on one fixture being the minimum required for the number of persons indicated
. Any
fraction of the number of 
persons 
requires an additional fixture.
The number of occupants shall be determined by the 
New York City
Building Code
.
b.
Toilet facilities for employees shall be separate from facilities for inmates or 
care recipients
.
c.
A single
-
occupant toilet room with one water closet and one lavatory se
rving not more than two adjacent patient sleeping units shall be 
permitted 
where such room is pro
vided with direct access from 
each patient sleeping unit and 
with provisions
for privacy.
d.
The occupant load for seasonal outdoor seating and entertainment a
reas shall be included when determining the minimum number of facilities 
required.
e.
The minimum number of required drinking foundations shall comply with Table 403.1 and Chapter 11 of the 
New York City Building Code.
f.
For the purposes of this table onl
y, “Bar” shall mean a business establishment or a portion of a nonprofit entity devoted primarily to the selling 
and serving of alcoholic beverages for consumption by the public, guests, patrons, or members on the premises and in which th
e serving of 
food 
is only incidental.
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
g.
The total number of occupants for a single establishment comprising of a restaurant with an accessory bar shall be considered
as a restaurant 
for the purposes of determining the minimum number of plumbing fixtures.
h.
As per the 
New York City Building Code.
i.
The requirements for the number of water closets for a total occupancy of 150 persons or fewer shall not apply to bars except
that, subject to 
the requirements of Section 403.2.1, there shall be at least one 
water closet for men and at least one water closet for women or at least two 
single
-
occupant toilet rooms.
j.
The number of fixtures for building or nonaccessory tenant space used for assembly purposes by fewer than 75 persons and clas
sified as Group 
B occ
upancy in accordance with Section 303.1, Exception 2 of the 
New York City Building Code 
shall be permitted to be calculated in 
accordance with the requirements for Assembly occupancies.
k.
In addition to the requirements of Table 403.1, residential occupan
cies I
-
1, R
-
1, R
-
2, and R
-
3 shall provide fixtures in compliance with the 
requirements of Section 614 for emergency drinking water access.
m.
For business and mercantile occupancies with an occupant load of 15 or fewer, service sinks shall not be required.
n.
Libraries that are not classified as accessory to Group E per Section 304.1 of the 
New York City Building Code
shall comply with fixture counts 
for Group B occupancies.
403.1.1 Fixture calculations.
To determine the occupant load of each sex, the total
occupant load shall be divided 
in half
. To determine the required number of fixtures, the fixture ratio or ratios for each fixture type shall be 
applied to the occupant load of each sex in accordance with Table 403.1. 
Fractional numbers resulting from ap-
p
lying the fixture ratios of Table 403.1 shall be rounded up to the next whole number. For calculations involving 
multiple occupancies, such fractional numbers for each occupancy shall first be summed and then rounded up to 
the next whole number.
Fixture ca
lculations in Group B office occupancies shall utilize the total occupant load on 
a given floor to determine the number of fixtures required for that floor.
Exception: 
The total occupant load shall not be required to be divided in half where approved stati
stical data 
indicates a distribution of the sexes of other than 50 percent of each sex.
403.1.2 Family or assisted
-
use toilet and bath fixtures.
Fixtures located within family or assisted
-
use toilet and 
bathing rooms required by Section 1109.2.1 of the 
New
York City 
Building Code 
are permitted to be included in 
the number of required fixtures for either the male or female occupants in assembly and mercantile occupancies.
403.1.3 Single
-
occupant toilet fixtures. 
Fixtures located within single
-
occupant toilet
rooms are permitted to be 
included in the number of fixtures required by Section 403, or where applicable the 
1968 Building Code
, for either 
the male or the female occupants. Fixtures located within toilet rooms subject to the exception of Section 403.2.1
are permitted to be included in the number of fixtures required by Section 403, or where applicable the 
1968 Build-
ing Code
, only for that sex.
403.2 Separate facilities.
Where plumbing fixtures are required, separate facilities shall be provided for each 
sex.
Exceptions:
1.
Separate facilities shall not be required for dwelling units and sleeping units.
2.
In structures or tenant spaces where combined employee and public toilet facilities are provided in accord-
ance with Section 403.3, separate facilities 
shall not be required where the total number of employees, cus-
tomers, patrons and visitors is 30 or fewer.
3.
In structures or tenant spaces where required toilet facilities for only employee use are provided in accordance 
with Section 403.3, separate faci
lities shall not be required where the total number of employees is 30 or 
fewer.
4.
In structures or tenant spaces where required toilet facilities for only public use are provided in accordance 
with Section 403.3, separate facilities shall not be required
where the total number of customers, patrons and 
visitors is 30 or fewer.
‡‡‡
403.2.1 Family or assisted
-
use toilet facilities serving as separate facilities. 
Where a building or tenant 
space requires a separate toilet facility for each sex and each 
toilet facility is required to have only one water closet, 
two
-
family or assisted
-
use toilet facilities shall be permitted to serve as the required separate facilities. Family or 
assisted
-
use toilet facilities shall not be required to be identified for exc
lusive use by either sex as required by 
Section 403.4.
403.2.2 Single
-
occupant toilet rooms. 
All single
-
occupant toilet rooms shall be made available for use by persons 
of any sex. Existing toilet rooms shall comply with this section. Nothing in this secti
on shall be construed to affect 
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
or alter the number of toilet rooms in a building otherwise required pursuant to this code or where applicable the 
1968 Building Code
.
Exception: 
Where egress from a single
-
occupant toilet room is through a room permissibly 
restricted by sex.
403.3 Required employee and public toilet facilities.
Employees shall be provided with toilet facilities in all occu-
pancies. The number of plumbing fixtures located within the required employee toilet facilities shall be provided in 
acco
rdance with Section 403 for all employees. Customers, patrons and visitors shall be provided with public toilet 
facilities in structures and tenant spaces intended for public utilization. The number of plumbing fixtures located 
within the required public t
oilet facilities shall be provided in accordance with Section 403 for all customers, patrons 
and visitors. Employee and public toilet facilities may be separate or combined. Where combined facilities are pro-
vided, the number of plumbing fixtures shall be i
n accordance with Section 403 for all users. 
Exception:
Public utilization of toilet facilities shall not be required for:
1.
Food service establishments, as defined in Section 81.03 of the 
New York City Health Code
, with a seating 
capacity of less than 2
0, provided such establishments are less than 10,000 square feet (929 m
2
).
2.
Establishments less than 10,000 square feet (929 m
2
) classified as Occupancy Group B or M pursuant to 
Sections 304.1 and 309.1 of the 
New York City Building Code
, respectively, p
rovided however that this 
exception shall not apply to a building or nonaccessory tenant space used for assembly purposes by fewer 
than 75 persons and classified as a Group B occupancy in accordance with Section 303.1.2 of the 
New York 
City Building Code
.
403.3.1 Access.
The route to the public toilet facilities required by Section 403.3 shall not pass through kitchens, 
storage rooms or closets. Access to the required facilities shall be from within the building or from the exterior of 
the building.
Routes
shall comply with the accessibility requirements of the 
New York City 
Building Code
. 
The 
public
shall have access to the required toilet facilities at all times that the building is occupied.
403.3.2 Prohibited toilet room location.
Toilet rooms shall not 
open directly into a room used for the preparation 
of food for service to the public.
403.3.3 Location of toilet facilities in occupancies other than malls.
In occupancies other than covered and open 
mall buildings, the required public and employee toilet facilities shall be located not more than one story above or 
below the space required to be provided with toilet facilities, and the path of travel to such f
acilities shall not exceed 
a distance of 500 feet (152 m).
Exception: 
The location and maximum
distances of travel to required employee facilities in factory and indus-
trial occupancies are permitted to exceed that required by this section, provided that th
e location and maximum 
distance of travel are approved.
403.3.4 Location of toilet facilities in malls.
In covered and open mall buildings, the required public and employee 
toilet facilities shall be located not more than one story above or below the space
required to be provided with toilet 
facilities, and the path of travel to such facilities shall not exceed a distance of 300 feet (91 m). In
mall buildings, 
the required facilities shall be based on total square footage within a covered mall building or w
ithin the perimeter 
line of an open mall building, and facilities shall be installed in each individual store or in a central toilet area 
located in accordance with this section. The maximum distance of travel to central toilet facilities in mall buildings
shall be measured from the main entrance of any store or tenant space. In
mall buildings, where employees’ toilet 
facilities are not provided in the individual store, the maximum distance of travel shall be measured from the em-
ployees’ work area of the st
ore or tenant space.
403.3.5 Pay facilities.
Where pay facilities are installed, such facilities shall be in excess of
the required minimum 
facilities. Required facilities shall be free of charge.
403.3.6 Door locking. 
Where a toilet room is provided for the use of multiple occupants, the egress door for the 
room shall not be lockable from the inside of the room. This sec
tion does not apply to family or assisted
-
use toilet 
rooms.
403.4 Signage.
Required public facilities shall be designated by a legible sign for each sex or, for a single
-
occupant 
toilet room, for all sexes. Signs shall be readily visible and located near t
he entrance to each toilet facility. Existing 
single
-
occupant toilet rooms shall comply with this requirement.
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
403.4.1 Directional signage.
Directional signage indicating the route to the required public toilet facilities shall be 
posted in 
accordance with
Section 1110 of the New York City Building Code. Such signage shall be located in 
a 
lobby, corridor, aisle or similar space, such that the sign can be readily seen from the main entrance to the 
building 
or tenant space
.
403.5 Drinking fountain location. 
D
rinking fountains shall not be required to be located in individual tenant spaces 
provided that public drinking fountains are located on each story within a distance of travel of 500 feet (152 m) of the 
most remote location in the tenant space on such stor
y. Where the tenant space is in a covered or open mall, such 
distance shall not exceed 300 feet (91 m). Drinking fountains shall be located on an accessible route.
SECTION 
PC
404
ACCESSIBLE PLUMBING FACILITIES
404.1 Where required.
Accessible plumbing faci
lities and fixtures shall be provided in accordance with the 
New 
York City 
Building Code
.
404.2 Accessible fixture requirements. 
Accessible plumbing fixtures shall be installed with the clearances, heights, 
spacings and arrangements in accordance with ICC 
A117.1.
404.3 Exposed pipes and surfaces. 
Water supply and drain pipes under accessible lavatories and sinks shall be cov-
ered or otherwise configured to protect against contact. Pipe coverings shall comply with ASME A112.18.9.
SECTION PC 405
INSTALLATION O
F FIXTURES
405.1 Water supply protection.
The supply lines and fittings for every plumbing fixture shall be installed so as to 
prevent backflow.
405.2 Access for cleaning.
Plumbing fixtures shall be installed so as to
afford easy access for cleaning both the fixture 
and the area around the fixture.
405.3 Setting.
Fixtures shall be set level and in proper alignment with reference to adjacent walls.
405.3.1 Water closets, urinals, lavatories and bidets.
A water closet, u
rinal, lavatory or bidet shall not be set 
closer than 15 inches (381 mm) from its center to any side wall, partition, vanity or other obstruction, or closer than 
30 inches (762 mm) center to center between adjacent fixtures. There shall be 
not less than
a 
21
-
inch (533 mm) 
clearance in front of the water closet, urinal, lavatory or bidet to any wall, fixture or door. Water closet compart-
ments shall be not less than 30 inches (762 mm) 
in width
and not less than 60 inches (1524 mm) in depth for floor
-
mounted w
ater closets and not less than 30 inches (762 mm) in width and 56 inches (1422 mm) in depth for wall
-
hung water closets.
405.3.2 Public lavatories.
In employee and public toilet rooms, the required lavatory shall be located in the same 
room as the required
water closet.
405.3.3 Location of fixtures and piping. 
Piping, fixtures or equipment shall not be located in such a manner as to 
interfere with the normal operation of windows, doors or other means of egress openings.
405.3.4 Water closet compartment. 
Eac
h water closet utilized by the public or employees shall occupy a separate 
compartment with walls or partitions and a door enclosing the fixtures to ensure privacy.
Exceptions:
1.
Water closet compartments shall not be required in a single
-
occupant toile
t room with a lockable door.
2.
Toilet rooms located in child day care facilities and containing two or more water closets shall be permitted 
to have one water closet without an enclosing compartment.
3.
Toilet areas located within Group I
-
3 housing areas.
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
405.3.5 Urinal partitions. 
Each urinal utilized by the public or employees shall occupy a separate area with walls 
or partitions to provide privacy. The walls or partitions shall begin at a height not greater than 12 inches (305 mm) 
from and extend not le
ss than 60 inches (1524 mm) above the finished floor surface. The walls or partitions shall 
extend from the wall surface at each side of the urinal not less than 18 inches (457 mm) or to a point not less than 
6 inches (152 mm) beyond the outermost front li
p of the urinal measured from the finished backwall surface, 
whichever is greater.
1.
Urinal partitions shall not be required in a single occupant or family/assisted
-
use toilet room with a lockable 
door.
2.
Toilet rooms located in child day care facilities
and containing two or more urinals shall be permitted to have 
one urinal without partitions.
405.4 Floor and wall drainage connections.
Connections between the drain and floor outlet plumbing fixtures shall 
be made with a floor flange or a waste connector and sealing gasket. The waste connector and sealing gasket joint 
shall comply with the joint tightness test of ASME A112.4.3 and shall b
e installed in accordance with the manufac-
turer’s instructions. The flange shall be attached to the drain and anchored to the structure. Connections between the 
drain and wall
-
hung water closets shall be made with an approved extension nipple or horn adapt
or. The water closet 
shall be bolted to the 
carrier
with corrosion
-
resistant bolts or screws. Joints shall be sealed with an approved elasto-
meric gasket, flange
-
to
-
fixture connection complying with ASME A112.4.3 or an approved setting compound.
405.4.1 Flo
or flanges.
Floor flanges for water closets or similar fixtures shall be not less than 0.125 inch (3.2 mm) 
thick for brass, 0.25 inch (6.4 mm) thick for plastic and 0.25 inch (6.4 mm) thick and not less than a 2
-
inch (51 
mm) caulking depth for cast
-
iron or
galvanized malleable iron.
Floor flanges of hard lead shall weigh not less than 1 pound, 9 ounces (0.7 kg) and shall be composed of lead 
alloy with not less than 7.75
-
percent antimony by weight. Closet screws and bolts shall be of brass. Flanges shall 
be 
secured to the building structure with corrosion
-
resistant screws or bolts.
405.4.2 Securing floor outlet fixtures.
Floor outlet fixtures shall be secured to the floor or floor flanges by screws 
or bolts of corrosion
-
resistant material.
405.4.3 
Securing wall
-
hung water closet bowls.
Wall
-
hung
water closet bowls shall be supported by a concealed 
metal carrier that is attached to the building 
structure
so that strain is not transmitted to the closet connector or any 
other part of the plumbing syste
m. The carrier shall conform to ASME A112.6.1M or ASME A112.6.2.
405.5 Water
-
tight joints.
Joints formed where fixtures come in contact with walls or floors shall be sealed.
405.6 Plumbing in mental health centers.
In mental health centers, pipes or traps 
shall not be exposed, and fixtures 
shall be bolted through walls.
405.7 Design of overflows.
Where any fixture is provided with an overflow, the waste shall be designed and installed 
so that standing water in the fixture will not rise in the overflow when 
the stopper is closed, and no water will remain 
in the overflow when the fixture is empty.
Exception:
Existing overflows for bath tubs utilizing standing wastes.
405.7.1 Connection of overflows.
The overflow from any fixture shall discharge into the draina
ge system on the 
inlet or fixture side of the trap.
Exception: 
The overflow from a flush tank serving a water closet or urinal shall discharge into the fixture 
served.
405.8 Slip joint connections.
Slip joints shall be made with an approved elastomeric gas
ket and shall only be installed 
on the trap outlet, trap inlet and within the trap seal. Fixtures with concealed slip joint connections shall be provided 
with an access panel or utility space
not less than
12 inches (305 mm) in its smallest dimension or ot
her approved 
arrangement so as to provide access to the slip joint connections for inspection and repair.
405.9 Design and installation of plumbing fixtures.
Integral fixture fitting mounting surfaces on manufactured 
plumbing fixtures or plumbing fixtures 
constructed on site shall meet the design requirements of 
ASME 
A11
2.19.2/CSA B45.1 or 
ASME A112.19.
3/CSA B45.4.
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
SECTION 
PC
406
AUTOMATIC CLOTHES WASHERS
406.1 Water connection. 
The water supply to an automatic clothes washer shall be protected against backflow by an 
air gap that is integral with the 
machine or 
a backflow preventer shall be installed in accordance with Section
608.
Air 
gaps shall comply with ASME A112.1.2 or A112.
1.3.
406.2 Waste connection.
The waste from an automatic clothes washer shall discharge through an air break into a 
standpipe in accordance with Section 802 or into a laundry sink. The trap and fixture drain for an automatic clothes 
washer standpipe shall 
be 
not less than
2 inches (51 mm) in diameter. The fixture drain for the standpipe serving an 
automatic clothes washer
shall connect to a 
3
-
inch
(76 mm) or larger diameter fixture branch, building drain, or stack. 
Automatic clothes washers that discharge b
y gravity shall be permitted to drain to a waste receptor or an approved 
trench drain.
SECTION 
PC 
407
BATHTUBS
407.1 Approval.
Bathtubs shall conform to 
ASME A112.19.1
/CSA B45.2, 
ASME A112.19.
2/CSA B45.1, 
ASME 
A112.19.3/
CSA B45.4, or CSA B45.5/IAPMO Z124.
407.2 Bathtub waste outlets and overflows. 
Bathtubs shall 
be equipped with a 
waste outlet and an overflow outlet. 
The outlets shall be connected to waste tubing or piping not less than 1
1
/
2
inches (38 mm) in diameter. The waste 
outlet shall be equipped wit
h a water
-
tight stopper.
407.3 Glazing.
Windows and doors within a bathtub enclosure shall conform to the safety glazing requirements of 
the 
New York City 
Building Code
.
407.4 Bathtub enclosure.
Doors 
in
a bathtub enclosure shall conform to ASME A112.19.15.
SECTION
PC
408
BIDETS
408.1 Approval.
Bidets shall conform to 
ASME A112.19.2/CSA B45.1.
408.2 Water connection.
The water supply to a bidet shall be protected against backflow by an air gap or backflow
preventer in accordance with Section 608.13.
408.3 Bidet water temperature.
The discharge water temperature from a bidet fitting shall be limited to a maximum 
temperature of 110°F (43°C) by a water temperature limiting device conforming to ASSE 1070 or CS
A B125.3.
SECTION
PC
409
DISHWASHING MACHINES
409.1 Approval.
Commercial dishwashing machines shall conform to ASSE 1004 and NSF 3. Commercial dishwash-
ing machines with integral gas
-
fired heating must be tested and evaluated in accordance with UL 921.
409.
2 Water connection.
The water supply to a dishwashing machine shall be protected against backflow by an air 
gap that is integral with the machine or a backflow preventer shall be installed in accordance with Section 608. Air 
gaps shall comply with ASME A11
2.1.2 or A112.1.3.
409.3 Waste connection.
The waste connection of a dishwashing machine shall comply with 
Section 802
.
SECTION
PC
410
DRINKING FOUNTAINS
410.1 Approval.
Drinking fountains shall conform to ASME A112.19.1/CSA B45.2
or ASME 
A112.19.2/CSA B45.1
and water coolers shall conform to AHRI 1010. Drinking fountains
and water coolers shall conform to 
NSF 61, 
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
Section 9 and ICC A117.1
. Drinking fountains 
required by Table 403.1 shall be equipped with both a bubbler faucet 
for 
drinking a
nd 
a separate faucet designed for filling a container at least 10 inches (254 mm)
in 
height.
Drinking 
fountains and water coolers shall comply with the lead requirements of Section 605.
410.2 Small occupancies. 
Drinking fountains shall not be required for 
an occupant load of 15 or fewer.
410.3 Required
drinking fountains.
Where water is served in restaurants, drinking fountains shall not be required. 
In other occupancies, where drinking fountains are required, up to 50 percent of required drinking fountains
con-
forming to Section 410.1 may be substituted by dedicated plumbing fixtures with faucets designed for filling a con-
tainer at least 10 inches (254 mm) in height, provided any such dedicated plumbing fixture is adjacent to or readily 
visible from the loca
tion of a drinking fountain conforming to Section 410.1. Bottled water dispensers shall not be 
substituted for required drinking fountains.
410.4 Prohibited location. 
Drinking fountains and plumbing fixtures with faucets permitted to be substituted for 
re
quired drinking fountains shall not be installed in public restrooms.
SECTION
PC
411
EMERGENCY SHOWERS AND EYEWASH STATIONS
411.1 Approval.
Emergency showers and eyewash stations shall conform to ISEA Z358.1.
411.2 Waste connection.
Waste 
connections shall not be required for emergency showers and eyewash stations.
SECTION 
PC
412
FLOOR AND TRENCH DRAINS
412.1 Approval.
Floor drains shall conform to ASME A112.3.1, ASME A112.6.3 or CSA B79. Trench drains shall 
comply with ASME A112.6.3.
412.2
Floor drains.
Floor drains shall have removable strainers.
The floor drain shall be constructed so that the drain 
is capable of being cleaned. Access shall be provided to the drain inlet. Ready access shall be provided to floor drains.
Exception: 
Floor dr
ains serving refrigerated display cases shall be provided with access.
412.3 Size of floor drains.
Floor drains shall have a drain outlet not less than 3 inches (76 mm) in diameter.
412.4 Public laundries and central washing facilities.
In public 
coin
-
operated laundries and in the central washing 
facilities of multiple
-
family dwellings, the rooms containing automatic clothes washers shall be provided with floor 
drains located to readily drain the entire floor area. Such drains shall have an outlet 
of not less than 3 inches (76 mm) 
in diameter
and be provided with lint strainers
.
SECTION 
PC
413
FOOD WASTE 
DISPOSER
UNITS
413.1 Approval.
Domestic food waste 
disposers
shall conform to ASSE 1008 and shall be listed and labeled in ac-
cordance with UL 430
.
Food waste 
disposers
shall not increase the drainage fixture unit load on the sanitary drainage 
system.
Food waste disposers
shall be permitted only within dwelling units.
413.2 Domestic food waste 
disposer
waste outlets.
The outlets of domestic food waste
disposers
shall be connected 
to a drain of not less than 
2 inches (
51 
mm) in diameter
.
413.3 Commercial food waste disposer units. 
Commercial food waste disposers shall be prohibited unless approved 
for use by the Department of Environmental Protection.
4
13.4 Water supply required.
Food
waste 
disposers
shall be provided with a supply of cold water.
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
SECTION
PC
414
GARBAGE CAN WASHERS
414.1 Water connection.
The water supply to a garbage can washer shall be protected against backflow by an air gap 
or a 
backflow preventer in accordance with Section 608.13.1, 608.13.2, 608.13.3, 608.13.5, 608.13.6 or 608.13.8.
414.2 Waste connection.
Garbage can washers shall be trapped separately. The receptacle receiving the waste from 
the washer shall have a removable b
asket or strainer to prevent the discharge of large particles into the drainage system.
SECTION 
PC
415
LAUNDRY TRAYS
415.1 Approval.
Laundry trays shall conform to ASME A112.19.1/CSA B45.2, ASME A112.19.2/CSA B45.1, 
ASME A119.19.3/CSA B45.4 or CSA B45.5/IA
PMO Z124.
415.2 Waste outlet.
Each compartment of a laundry tray shall be provided with a waste outlet not less than 1
1
/
2
inches 
(38 mm) in diameter and a strainer or crossbar to restrict the clear opening of the waste outlet.
SECTION PC 416
LAVATORIES
416
.1 Approval.
Lavatories shall conform to ASME A112.19.1/CSA B45.2, ASME A112.19.2/CSA B45.1, ASME 
A112.19.3/CSA B45.4 or CSA B45.5/IAPMO Z124. Group wash
-
up equipment shall conform to the requirements 
of Section 402. Every 20 inches (508 mm) of rim 
space shall be considered as one lavatory.
416.2 Cultured marble lavatories.
Cultured marble vanity tops with an integral lavatory shall conform to 
CSA 
B45.5/IAPMO Z124.
416.3 Lavatory waste outlets.
Lavatories shall have waste outlets not less than 
1
1
/
4
inches (32 mm) in diameter. A 
strainer, pop
-
up stopper, crossbar or other device shall be provided to restrict the clear opening of the waste outlet.
Where a stopper is utilized, a built
-
in overflow sh
all be provided.
416.4 Moveable lavatory systems.
Moveable lavatory systems shall comply with ASME A112.19.12.
416.5 Tempered water for public hand
-
washing facilities.
Tempered water shall be delivered from lavatories and 
group wash fixtures located in pub
lic 
toilet
facilities provided for customers, patrons and visitors. Tempered water 
shall be delivered through an approved water
-
temperature limiting device that conforms to 
ASSE 
1070.
Exception:
Where point of use heaters are installed, outlet water temper
ature shall be regulated to provide tempered 
water.
SECTION 
PC 
417
SHOWERS
417.1 Approval.
Prefabricated showers and shower compartments shall conform to ASME A112.19.2/CSA B45.1 
or CSA B45.5/IAPMO Z124. Shower valves for individual showers shall 
conform to the requirements of Section 
424.3.
417.2 Water supply riser.
Water supply risers from the shower valve to the shower head outlet, whether exposed or 
concealed, shall be attached to the structure. The attachment to the structure shall be made by 
the use of support 
devices designed for use with the specific piping material or by fittings anchored with screws.
417.3 Shower waste outlet.
Waste outlets serving showers shall be 
not less than 
2 inches (
51
mm) in diameter and, 
for other than waste outlet
s in bathtubs, shall have removable strainers not less than 3 inches (76 mm) in diameter 
with strainer openings not less than 
1
/
4
inch (6.4 mm) in 
least
dimension. Where each shower space is not provided 
with an individual waste outlet, the waste outlet sh
all be located and the floor pitched so that waste from one shower 
does not flow over the floor area serving another shower. Waste outlets shall be fastened to the waste pipe in an 
approved manner.
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
417.4 Shower compartments.
Shower
compartments shall 
be no
t less than
900 square inches (0.58 m
2
) 
in
interior 
cross
-
sectional
area. Shower compartments shall be not
less than 30 inches (762 mm) in 
least
dimension as measured 
from the finished interior dimension of the compartment, exclusive of fixture valves, showerheads, soap dishes and 
safety grab bars or rails. Except as required in Section
404, the minimum required area and dimension shall be meas-
ure
d from the finished interior dimension at a height equal to the top of the threshold and at a point tangent to its 
centerline and shall be continued to a height not less than 70 inches (1778 mm) above the shower drain outlet.
417.4.1 Floor and wall area.
B
athtub floors, shower floors, wall areas above built
-
in tubs 
that have
installed 
shower heads and walls in shower compartments shall be constructed of smooth, 
corrosion
-
resistant
and nonabsor-
bent waterproof materials. Wall materials shall extend to a heigh
t of not less than 6 feet (1829 mm) above the room 
floor level, and not less than 70 inches (1778 mm) 
above
the drain of the tub or shower. Such walls shall form a 
water
-
tight joint with each other and with either the tub or shower floor.
417.4.2 Access.
T
he shower compartment access and egress opening shall have a clear and unobstructed finished 
width of not less than 22 inches (559 mm). Shower compartments required to be designed in conformance to ac-
cessibility provisions shall comply with Section 404.1.
417.5 Shower floors or receptors.
Floor surfaces shall be constructed of impervious, noncorrosive, nonabsorbent and 
waterproof materials.
417.5.1 Support.
Floors or receptors under shower compartments shall be laid on, and supported by, a smooth and 
struct
urally sound base.
417.5.2 Shower lining.
Floors under shower compartments, except where prefabricated receptors have been pro-
vided, shall be lined and made water tight utilizing material complying with Sections 417.5.2.1 through 417.5.2.6. 
Such liners sha
ll turn up on all sides 
not less than
2 inches (51 mm) above the finished threshold level. Liners shall 
be recessed and fastened to an approved backing so as not to occupy the space required for wall covering, and shall 
not be nailed or perforated at any p
oint less than 1 inch (25 mm) above the finished threshold. Liners shall be 
pitched one
-
fourth unit vertical in 12 units horizontal (2
-
percent slope) and shall be sloped toward the fixture drains 
and be securely fastened to the waste outlet at the seepage 
entrance, making a water
-
tight joint between the liner 
and the outlet. The completed liner shall be tested in accordance with Section 312.9.
Exceptions:
1.
Floor surfaces under shower heads provided for rinsing laid directly on the ground are not required 
to 
comply with this section.
2.
Where a sheet
-
applied, load
-
bearing, bonded, waterproof membrane is installed as the shower lining, the 
membrane shall not be required to be recessed.
417.5.2.1 PVC sheets.
Plasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC) sheets shall m
eet the requirements of ASTM D 
4551. Sheets shall be joined by solvent welding in accordance with the manufacturer’s installation instructions.
417.5.2.2 Chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) sheets.
Nonplasticized chlorinated polyethylene sheet shall meet 
the re
quirements of ASTM D 4068. The liner shall be joined in accordance with the manufacturer’s installation 
instructions.
417.5.2.3 Sheet lead.
Sheet lead
shall weigh not less than 4 pounds per square foot (19.5 kg/m
2
) and shall be 
coated with an asphalt paint or other approved coating. The lead sheet shall be insulated from conducting sub-
stances other than the connecting drain by 15
-
pound (6.80 kg) asphalt
felt or 
an
equivalent. Sheet lead shall be 
joined by burning or soldering.
417.5.2.4 Sheet copper.
Sheet copper shall conform to ASTM B 152 and shall weigh not
less than 12 ounces 
per square foot (3.7 kg/m
2
). The copper sheet shall be insulated from condu
cting substances other than the 
connecting drain by 15
-
pound (6.80 kg) asphalt felt or 
an
equivalent. Sheet copper shall be joined by brazing or 
soldering.
417.5.2.5 Sheet
-
applied, load
-
bearing, bonded, waterproof membranes.
Sheet
-
applied, load
-
bearing, 
bo
nded, waterproof membranes shall meet requirements of ANSI A118.10 and shall be applied in accordance 
with the manufacturer’s installation instructions.
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
417.5.2.6 Liquid
-
type, trowel
-
applied, load
-
bearing, bonded waterproof materials. 
Liquid
-
type, trowel
-
a
p-
plied, load
-
bearing, bonded waterproof materials shall meet the requirements of ANSI A118.10 and shall be 
applied in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
417.6 Glazing.
Windows and doors within a shower enclosure shall conform to the safety gl
azing requirements of the 
New York City 
Building Code
.
SECTION 
PC 
418
SINKS
418.1 Approval.
Sinks shall conform to ASME A112.19.1/CSA B45.2, ASME A112.19.2/CSA B45.1, ASME 
A112.19.3/CSA B45.4 or CSA B45.5/IAPMO Z124.
418.2 Sink waste outlets.
Sinks shall be provided with waste outlets having a diameter not less than 
1
1
/
2
inches (38 
mm).
A strainer or crossbar shall be provided to restrict the clear opening of the waste outlet.
418.3 Moveable sink systems.
Moveable sink systems shall 
comply with ASME A112.19.12.
SECTION 
PC
419
URINALS
419.1 Approval.
Urinals shall conform to ASME A112.19.2/CSA B45.1, ASME A112.19.19 or CSA B45.5/IAPMO 
Z124. Urinals shall conform to the water consumption requirements of Section 604.4. Water
-
supplied uri
nals shall 
conform to the hydraulic performance requirements of ASME A112.19.2/CSA B45.1 or CSA B45.5/IAPMO Z124.
419.2 Substitution for water closets.
In each bathroom or toilet room, urinals shall not be substituted for more than 
50 percent
of the requir
ed water closets.
419.3 Surrounding material.
Wall and floor space to a point 2 feet (610 mm) in front of a urinal lip and 4 feet (1219 
mm) above the floor and at least 2 feet (610 mm) to each side of the urinal shall be waterproofed with a smooth, 
readily
cleanable, nonabsorbent material.
419.4 Waterless urinals.
Approved waterless urinals may be utilized only as part of an approved building water 
conservation plan prepared in accordance with the rules of the department.
SECTION 
PC 
420
WATER CLOSETS
420.1 
Approval.
Water closets shall conform to the water consumption requirements of Section 604.4 and shall con-
form to 
ASME A112.19.2/CSA B45.1
, ASME A112.19.3/CSA B45.4 or CSA B45.5/IAPMO Z124. Water closets 
shall conform to the hydraulic performance requireme
nts of ASME A112.19.2/CSAB45.1. Water closet tanks shall 
conform to 
ASME A112.19.2/CSA B45.1, 
ASME A112.19.3/CSA B45.4 or CSA B45.5/IAPMO Z124. Electro
-
hy-
draulic water closets shall comply with 
ASME 
A112.19.2/CSA B45.1. Water closets equipped with a 
dual flushing 
device shall comply with ASME A112.19.14.
420.2 Water closets for public or employee toilet facilities.
Water closet bowls for public or employee toilet facili-
ties shall be of the elongated type.
420.3 Water closet seats.
Water closets shall 
be equipped with seats of smooth, nonabsorbent material. All seats of 
water closets provided for public or employee toilet facilities shall be of the hinged open
-
front type. Integral water 
closet seats shall be of the same material as the fixture. Water cl
oset seats shall be sized for the water closet bowl type.
420.4 Water closet connections.
A 4
-
inch by 3
-
inch (102 mm by 76 mm) closet bend shall be acceptable. Where a 
3
-
inch (76 mm) bend is utilized on water closets, a 4
-
inch by 3
-
inch (102 mm by 76 mm) f
lange shall be installed to 
receive the fixture horn
.
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
420.5 Water closets for children’s use.
In nurseries, schools, and similar places where plumbing fixtures are pro-
vided for the use of children under 6 years of age, such water closets shall be of a size
and height suitable for the 
children’s use.
SECTION 
PC 
421
WHIRLPOOL BATHTUBS
421.1 Approval.
Whirlpool bathtubs shall comply with 
ASME A112.19.7/CSAz B45.10 and shall be listed and la-
beled in accordance with UL 1795.
421.2 Installation.
Whirlpool bathtub
s shall be installed and tested in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. 
The pump shall be located above the weir of the fixture trap.
421.3 Drain.
The pump drain and circulation piping shall be sloped to drain the water in the volute and the ci
rculation 
piping when the whirlpool bathtub is empty.
421.4 Suction fittings.
Suction fittings for whirlpool bathtubs shall comply with ASME A112.19.7/CSA B45.10.
421.5 Access to pump.
Access shall be provided to circulation pumps in accordance with the fi
xture or pump manu-
facturer’s installation instructions. Where the manufacturer’s instructions do not specify the location and minimum 
size of field
-
fabricated access openings, an opening not less than 12 inches by 12 inches (305 mm by 305 mm) shall 
be inst
alled to provide access to the circulation pump. Where pumps are located more than 2 feet (609 mm) from the 
access opening, an opening not less than 18 inches by 18 inches (457 mm by 457 mm) shall be installed. A door or 
panel shall be permitted to close t
he opening. In all cases, the access opening shall be unobstructed and of the size 
necessary to permit the removal and replacement of the circulation pump.
421.6 Whirlpool enclosure.
Doors within a whirlpool enclosure shall conform to ASME 
A112.19.15.
SECTION 
PC 
422
HEALTH CARE FIXTURES AND EQUIPMENT
422.1 Scope.
This section shall govern those aspects of health care plumbing systems that differ from plumbing sys-
tems in other structures. Health care plumbing systems shall conform to the requ
irements of this section in addition to 
the other requirements of this code. The provisions of this section shall apply to the special devices and equipment 
installed and maintained in the following occupancies: hospitals, nursing homes, homes for the aged
, orphanages, 
infirmaries, first aid stations, psychiatric facilities, clinics, professional offices of dentists and doctors, mortuaries, 
educational facilities, surgery, dentistry, research and testing laboratories, establishments manufacturing pharmaceu-
t
ical drugs and medicines
,
animal care facilities, and other structures with similar apparatus and equipment classified 
as plumbing.
422.2 Approval.
All special plumbing fixtures, equipment, devices, assemblies and apparatus shall be of an approved 
type.
42
2.3 Protection.
All devices, appurtenances, appliances and apparatus intended to serve some special function, such 
as sterilization, distillation, processing, cooling, or storage of ice or foods, and that connect to either the water supply 
or drainage syst
em, shall be provided with protection against backflow, flooding, fouling, contamination of the water 
supply system and stoppage of the drain.
422.4 Materials.
Fixtures designed for therapy, special cleansing or disposal of waste materials, combinations of
such 
purposes, or any other special purpose, shall be of smooth, impervious, corrosion
-
resistant materials and, where sub-
jected to temperatures in excess of 180°F (82°C), shall be capable of withstanding, without damage, higher tempera-
tures.
422.5 Access.
Access shall be provided to concealed piping in connection with special fixtures where such piping 
contains steam traps, valves, relief valves, check valves, vacuum breakers or other similar items that require periodic 
inspection, servicing, maintenance o
r repair. Access shall be provided to concealed piping that requires periodic in-
spection, maintenance or repair.
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
422.6 Clinical sink.
A clinical sink shall have an integral trap in which the upper portion of a visible trap seal provides 
a water surface. Th
e fixture shall be designed so as to permit complete removal of the contents by siphonic or blowout 
action and to reseal the trap. A flushing rim shall provide water to cleanse the interior surface. The fixture shall have 
the flushing and cleansing charact
eristics of a water closet.
422.7 Prohibited usage of clinical sinks and service sinks.
A clinical sink serving a soiled utility room shall not be 
considered as a substitute for, or be utilized as, a service sink. A service sink shall not be utilized for t
he disposal of 
urine, fecal matter or other human waste
.
422.8 Ice prohibited in soiled utility room.
Machines for manufacturing ice, or any device for the handling or storage 
of ice, shall not be located in a soiled utility room.
422.9 
Sterilizer equipment requirements.
The approval and installation of all sterilizers shall conform to the re-
quirements of the 
New York City 
Mechanical Code
.
422.9.1 Sterilizer piping.
Access
for the purposes of inspection and maintenance shall be provided t
o all sterilizer 
piping and devices necessary for the operation of sterilizers.
422.9.2 Steam supply.
Steam supplies to sterilizers, including those connected by pipes from overhead mains or 
branches, shall be drained to prevent any moisture from reaching 
the sterilizer. The condensate drainage from the 
steam supply shall be discharged by gravity.
422.9.3 Steam condensate return.
Steam condensate returns from sterilizers shall be a gravity return system.
422.9.4 Condensers.
Pressure sterilizers shall be equ
ipped with a means of condensing and cooling the exhaust 
steam vapors. Nonpressure sterilizers shall be equipped with a device that will automatically control the vapor, 
confining the vapors within the vessel.
422.10 Special elevations. 
Control valves, vac
uum outlets and devices protruding from a wall of an operating, emer-
gency, recovery, examining or delivery room, or in a corridor or other location where patients are transported on a 
wheeled stretcher, shall be located at an elevation that prevents bumpin
g the patient or stretcher against the device.
SECTION 
PC 
423
SPECIALTY PLUMBING FIXTURES
423.1 Water connections.
Baptisteries, ornamental and lily pools, aquariums, ornamental fountain basins, swimming 
pools, and similar constructions, where 
provided with water supplies, shall be protected against backflow in accord-
ance with Section 608.
423.2 Approval.
Specialties requiring water and waste connections shall be submitted for approval.
423.3 Footbaths, pedicure baths and head shampoo sinks. 
The
water supplied to specialty plumbing fixtures, such 
as pedicure chairs having an integral foot bathtub, footbaths, and head shampoo sinks, shall be limited to a maximum 
temperature of 120°F (49°C) by a water temperature limiting device that conforms to AS
SE 1070 or CSA B125.3.
SECTION 
PC 
424
FAUCETS AND OTHER FIXTURE FITTINGS
424.1 Approval.
Faucets and fixture fittings shall conform to ASME A112.18.1/CSA B125.1. Faucets and fixture 
fittings that supply drinking water for human ingestion shall conform to t
he requirements of NSF 61, 
section
9. Flex-
ible water connectors exposed to continuous pressure shall conform to the requirements of Section 605.6.
424.1.1 Faucets and supply fittings.
Faucets and supply fittings shall conform to the water consumption requi
re-
ments of Section 604.4.
424.1.2 Waste fittings.
Waste fittings shall conform to ASME A112.18.2/CSA B125.2, ASTM F 409 or to one of 
the standards listed in Tables 702.1 and 702.4 for 
aboveground
drainage and vent pipe and fittings.
424.1.3 Lavatory operat
ion without external electrical power.
Where automatic lavatory faucets connected to 
an external supply of electrical power are provided in a bathroom or toilet room, at least one lavatory faucet in such 
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
bathroom or toilet room shall be capable of normal o
peration in the absence of an external supply of electrical 
power for a period of at least two weeks, either through manual operation or built
-
in battery back
-
up. Where such 
automatic lavatory faucets are located in a bathroom or toilet room with a require
d accessible lavatory, such oper-
ational lavatory faucet shall be at such required accessible lavatory.
Exception:
Section 424.1.3 shall not apply to more than one bathroom or toilet room in a dwelling unit.
424.2 Hand showers.
Hand
-
held showers shall confo
rm to ASME A112.18.1/CSA B125.1. Hand
-
held showers shall 
provide backflow protection in accordance with ASME A112.18.1/CSA B125.1 or shall be protected against backflow 
by a device complying with ASME A112.18.3.
424.3 Individual shower valves.
Individual s
hower and 
tub
-
shower
combination valves shall be balanced
-
pressure, 
thermostatic or combination balanced
-
pressure/thermostatic valves that conform to the requirements of ASSE 
1016/ASME A112.1016/CSA B125.16 or ASME A112.18.1/CSA B125.1 and shall be install
ed at the point of use. 
Shower
and tub
-
shower
combination valves required by this section shall be equipped with a means to limit the max-
imum setting of the valve to 120°F (49°C), which shall be field adjusted in accordance with the manufacturer’s in-
struct
ions. In
-
line thermostatic valves shall not be utilized for compliance with this section.
424.4 Multiple (gang) showers.
Multiple (gang) showers supplied with a single
-
tempered water supply pipe shall 
have the water supply for such showers controlled by an
approved 
automatic temperature control mixing valve that 
conforms to ASSE 1069 or CSA B125.3, or each shower head shall be individually controlled by a balanced
-
pressure, 
thermostatic or combination 
balanced
-
pressure/thermostatic valve that conforms to ASSE 1016/ASME 
A112.1016/CSA B125.16
or 
ASME A112.18.1/CSA B125.1 and is installed at the point of use. Such valves shall be 
equipped with a means to limit the maximum setting of the valve to 120°F (49°
C), which shall be field adjusted in 
accordance with the manufacturers’ instructions.
424.5 Bathtub and whirlpool bathtub valves.
The hot water supplied to bathtubs and whirlpool bathtubs, including 
bathtubs equipped with hand
-
held showers, shall be limite
d to a maximum temperature of 120°F (49°C) by a water
-
temperature limiting device that conforms to 
ASSE 1
070 or CSA B125.3, except where such protection is otherwise 
provided by a combination tub/shower valve in accordance with Section 424.3.
424.6 Hose
-
co
nnected outlets.
Faucets and fixture fittings with hose
-
connected outlets shall conform to ASME 
A112.18.3 or ASME A112.18.1/CSA B125.1.
424.7 Temperature
-
actuated, flow reduction valves for individual fixture fittings.
Temperature
-
actuated, flow 
reduction 
devices, where installed for individual fixture fittings, shall conform to ASSE 1062. Such valves shall not 
be used alone as a substitute for the balanced
-
pressure, thermostatic or combination shower valves required in Section 
424.3.
424.8 Transfer valves.
Deck
-
mounted bath/shower transfer valves containing an integral atmospheric vacuum 
breaker shall conform to the requirements of ASME A112.18.1/CSA B125.1.
424.9 Water closet personal hygiene devices. 
Personal hygiene devices integral to water closets or w
ater closet seats 
shall conform to the requirements of ASME A112.4.2.
SECTION 
PC 
425
FLUSHING DEVICES FOR WATER CLOSETS AND URINALS
425.1 Flushing devices required.
Each water closet, urinal, clinical sink and any plumbing fixture that depends on 
trap siph
onage to discharge the fixture contents to the drainage system shall be provided with a flushometer valve, 
flushometer tank or a flush tank designed and installed to supply water in quantity and rate of flow to flush the contents 
of the fixture, cleanse th
e fixture and refill the fixture trap.
425.1.1 Separate for each fixture.
A flushing device shall not serve more than one fixture
.
425.
1.2 Water closet flushing without external electrical power.
Where automatic flushing devices connected to an 
external supply of electrical power are provided for water closets in a bathroom or toilet room, the flushing device of at 
least one water closet in such bathroom or toilet room shall be capable of normal o
peration in the absence of an external 
supply of electrical power for a period of at least two weeks, either through manual operation or built
-
in battery back
-
‡‡‡ Chapter 4 was amended by 
Local Law 
77 
of 2023
. This law has an effective
 date of June 10, 2023.
CHAPTER 4 
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS 
SECTION 
PC 
401
GENERAL
401.1 Scope. 
This chapter shall govern the materials, design and installation of plumbing fixtures, faucets and fixture 
fittings in accordance with the type of occupancy, and shall provide for the minimum number of fixtures for various 
types of occupancies.
401.2 Prohibited fixtures and connections.
Water closets having a concealed trap seal or an unventilated space or 
having walls that are not thoroughly washed 
at each discharge in accordance with 
ASME 
A112.19.2/CSA B45.1 shall 
be prohibited. Any water closet that permits siphonage of the contents of the bowl back into the tank shall be prohib-
ited. Trough urinals shall be prohibited.
401.3 Water conservation.
The
maximum water flow rates and flush volume for plumbing fixtures and fixture fittings 
shall comply with Section 604.
SECTION 
PC
402
FIXTURE MATERIAL
402.1 Quality of fixtures.
Plumbing fixtures shall be constructed of approved materials, with smooth, imper
vious 
surfaces, free from defects and concealed fouling surfaces, and shall conform to standards cited in this code. All 
porcelain enameled surfaces on plumbing fixtures shall be acid resistant.
402.2 Materials for specialty fixtures.
Materials for special
ty fixtures not otherwise covered in this code shall be of 
stainless steel, soapstone, chemical stoneware or plastic, or shall be lined with lead, copper
-
base alloy, nickel
-
copper 
alloy, corrosion
-
resistant steel or other material especially suited to the application for which the fixture is intended.
402.3 Sheet copper.
Sheet copper for general applications shall conform to ASTM B 152 and shall not weigh less 
than 12 ounces per square foot (3.7 kg/m
2
).
402.4 Sheet lead.
Sheet lead for pans shall not weigh less than 4 pounds per square foot (19.5 kg/m
2
) and shall be 
coated with an asphalt paint or other approved coating.
SECTION 
PC 
403
MINIMUM PLUMBING FACILITIES
403.1 Minimum number of fixtures.
Plumbing fixtures shall be provided for the type of occupancy and in the min-
imum number shown in Table 403.1. Types of occupancies not shown in Table 403.1 shall be considered individually 
by the 
commissioner.
The number of occupants shall be determined by the 
New York City 
Building Code
. 
Occupancy 
classification sha
ll be determined in accordance with the 
New York City Building Code
.   
TABLE 403.1
MINIMUM NUMBER OF REQUIRED PLUMBING FIXTURES
a 
(See Sections 403.1.1 and 403.2)
NO.
CLASSIFICATION
OCCUPANCY
h
DESCRIPTION
WATER CLOSETS
(URINALS: SEE SECTION 419.2)
LAVATORIES 
BATHTUBS
/ 
SHOWERS
DRINKING 
FOUNTAIN 
(SEE 
SECTION 
410
e
)
OTHER
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
MALE
FEMALE
MALE
FEMALE
1
Assembly
A
-
1
d
Theaters and other 
buildings
for the per-
forming arts and mo-
tion pictures
1 per 70 for 
the first 210 
and 1 per 
125 
for the 
remainder 
exceeding 
210
1 per 35 for 
the first 210 
and 1 per 65 
for the re-
mainder 
ex-
ceeding 210
1 per 200
—
1 per 500
1 service 
sink
A
-
2
d
Nightclubs, bars
f
, 
taverns, dance halls 
and buildings
for 
similar purposes
1 per 75
i
1 per 40
i
1 per 75
—
1 per 
500
1 service 
sink
Restaurants
g
, ban-
quet halls
and food courts
1 per 75
1 per 75
1 per 200
—
1 per 500
1 service 
sink
A
-
3
d
Auditoriums without 
permanent seating, 
art galleries, exhibi-
tion halls, museums, 
lecture halls, arcades 
and 
gymnasiums
1 per 70 for 
the first 210 
and 1 per 
125 
for the 
remainder 
exceeding 
210
1 per 35 for 
the first 210 
and 1 per 65 
for the re-
mainder 
ex-
ceeding 210
1 per 200
—
1 per 500
1 service 
sink
Passenger terminals 
and transportation 
facilities
1 per 
500
1 per 500
1 per 750
—
1 per 1,000
1 service 
sink
Places of worship 
and other religious 
services
1 per 150
1 per 75
1 per 200
—
1 per 1,000
1 service 
sink
A
-
4
Coliseums, arenas, 
skating 
rinks, pools 
and 
tennis 
courts for 
indoor sporting 
events and activities
1 per 75 for 
the first 
1,500 and 1 
per 120 for 
the remainder 
exceeding 
1,500
1 per 40
for 
the first 
1,520 
and
1 per 60 
for the re-
mainder ex-
ceeding 
1,520
1 per
200
1 per
150
—
1 per 1,000
1 service 
sink
A
-
5
Stadiums, 
amuse-
ment parks, bleach-
ers and grandstands 
for outdoor sporting 
events and activities
1 per 75 for 
the
first 
1
,500 and      
1 per 120 for 
the remainder 
exceeding 
1,500
1 per 40 for 
the first 1,520 
and 1 per 60 
for the re-
mainder ex-
ceeding 1,520
1 per 
200
1 
per 
150
—
1 per 1,000
1 service 
sink
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
2
Business
B
j, n
Buildings for the 
transaction
of busi-
ness, professional 
services, other       
services 
including 
merchandise
, office 
buildings
, banks, 
light industrial and 
similar uses
No. of persons for        No. of
each sex          
fixtures
1
–
20                  
1
21
–
45                  
2
46
–
70                  
3
71
–
100                  
4
101
–
140                  5
141
–
190                  6
1 fixture for each additional 
50 persons
No
. of   No. of
persons fix-
tures
for      each        
f                                                    
sex            
f
1
–
25               
1
26
–
50             
2
51
–
75             
3
76
–
115           
4
116
–
160         
5
1 fixture for 
each 
additional 
60 persons
—
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
m
3
Educational
E
Educational facili-
ties, including librar-
ies accessory to 
Group E
1 per 50
1 per 50
—
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
4
Factory and
industrial
F
-
1 and F
-
2
Structures in which 
occupants are 
en-
gaged in work fabri-
cating, assembly or 
processing of prod-
ucts or materials
1 per 100
1 per 100
(see     
Section
411)
1 per 400
1 service 
sink
5
Institutional
I
-
1
k
Residential care
1 per 10
1 per 10
1 per 8
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
I
-
2
Hospitals, 
ambulatory nursing 
home care recipient
1 per room
c
1 per room
c
1 per 15
1 per 100
1 service 
sink per 
floor
Employees, other 
than residential care
b
1 per 25
1 per 35
—
1 per 100
—
Visitors, other than 
residential
care
1 per 75
1 per 
100
—
1 per 500
—
I
-
3
Prisons
b
1 per cell
1 per cell
1 per 15
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
Reformatories, 
de-
tention
centers, and 
correctional 
centers
b
1 per 15
1 per 15
1 per 15
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
Employees
b
1 per 25
1 per 35
—
1 per 100
—
I
-
4
Adult day care and 
child day care
1 per 15
1 per 15
1 per 15
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
6
Mercantile
M
Retail stores, service 
stations, shops, 
salesrooms, markets 
and 
shopping
centers
1 per 500
1 per 750
—
1 per 1,000
1 service 
sink
m
7
Residential
R
-
1
k
Hotels, motels, 
boarding houses 
(transient)
1 per g
uestroom
1 per g
ues-
troom
1 per 
g
uestroom
—
1 service 
sink
R
-
1
k
Dormitories, 
frater-
nities
, sororities
and boarding 
houses (not 
transi-
ent
)
1 per 10
1 per 10
1 per 8
1 per 100
1 
service 
sink
R
-
2
k
Apartment house
1 per dwelling unit
1 per dwelling 
unit
1 per
dwelling
unit
—
1 kitchen 
sink per 
dwelling 
unit; 1 
automatic
clothes 
washer 
connection
per 20 
dwelling 
units
R
-
3
One
-
and two
-
family
dwellings and lodg-
ing houses with five 
or fewer 
guestrooms
1 per dwelling unit
1 per dwelling 
unit
1 per 
dwelling
unit
—
1 kitchen 
sink per 
dwelling 
unit; 1 
automatic
clothes 
washer 
connection
per 
dwelling 
unit
R
-
3
k
Congregate living 
fa-
cilities with 16 or 
fewer persons
1 per 10
1 per 10
1 per 8
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
8
Storage
S
-
1
S
-
2
Structures for the 
storage of goods, 
warehouses, 
store-
house
and freight de-
pots. Low and Mod-
erate Hazard.
1 per 100
1 per 100
See
Section 
411
1 per 
1,000
1 service 
sink
a. 
The fixtures shown are based on one fixture being the minimum required for the number of persons indicated
. Any
fraction of the number of 
persons 
requires an additional fixture.
The number of occupants shall be determined by the 
New York City
Building Code
.
b.
Toilet facilities for employees shall be separate from facilities for inmates or 
care recipients
.
c.
A single
-
occupant toilet room with one water closet and one lavatory se
rving not more than two adjacent patient sleeping units shall be 
permitted 
where such room is pro
vided with direct access from 
each patient sleeping unit and 
with provisions
for privacy.
d.
The occupant load for seasonal outdoor seating and entertainment a
reas shall be included when determining the minimum number of facilities 
required.
e.
The minimum number of required drinking foundations shall comply with Table 403.1 and Chapter 11 of the 
New York City Building Code.
f.
For the purposes of this table onl
y, “Bar” shall mean a business establishment or a portion of a nonprofit entity devoted primarily to the selling 
and serving of alcoholic beverages for consumption by the public, guests, patrons, or members on the premises and in which th
e serving of 
food 
is only incidental.
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
g.
The total number of occupants for a single establishment comprising of a restaurant with an accessory bar shall be considered
as a restaurant 
for the purposes of determining the minimum number of plumbing fixtures.
h.
As per the 
New York City Building Code.
i.
The requirements for the number of water closets for a total occupancy of 150 persons or fewer shall not apply to bars except
that, subject to 
the requirements of Section 403.2.1, there shall be at least one 
water closet for men and at least one water closet for women or at least two 
single
-
occupant toilet rooms.
j.
The number of fixtures for building or nonaccessory tenant space used for assembly purposes by fewer than 75 persons and clas
sified as Group 
B occ
upancy in accordance with Section 303.1, Exception 2 of the 
New York City Building Code 
shall be permitted to be calculated in 
accordance with the requirements for Assembly occupancies.
k.
In addition to the requirements of Table 403.1, residential occupan
cies I
-
1, R
-
1, R
-
2, and R
-
3 shall provide fixtures in compliance with the 
requirements of Section 614 for emergency drinking water access.
m.
For business and mercantile occupancies with an occupant load of 15 or fewer, service sinks shall not be required.
n.
Libraries that are not classified as accessory to Group E per Section 304.1 of the 
New York City Building Code
shall comply with fixture counts 
for Group B occupancies.
403.1.1 Fixture calculations.
To determine the occupant load of each sex, the total
occupant load shall be divided 
in half
. To determine the required number of fixtures, the fixture ratio or ratios for each fixture type shall be 
applied to the occupant load of each sex in accordance with Table 403.1. 
Fractional numbers resulting from ap-
p
lying the fixture ratios of Table 403.1 shall be rounded up to the next whole number. For calculations involving 
multiple occupancies, such fractional numbers for each occupancy shall first be summed and then rounded up to 
the next whole number.
Fixture ca
lculations in Group B office occupancies shall utilize the total occupant load on 
a given floor to determine the number of fixtures required for that floor.
Exception: 
The total occupant load shall not be required to be divided in half where approved stati
stical data 
indicates a distribution of the sexes of other than 50 percent of each sex.
403.1.2 Family or assisted
-
use toilet and bath fixtures.
Fixtures located within family or assisted
-
use toilet and 
bathing rooms required by Section 1109.2.1 of the 
New
York City 
Building Code 
are permitted to be included in 
the number of required fixtures for either the male or female occupants in assembly and mercantile occupancies.
403.1.3 Single
-
occupant toilet fixtures. 
Fixtures located within single
-
occupant toilet
rooms are permitted to be 
included in the number of fixtures required by Section 403, or where applicable the 
1968 Building Code
, for either 
the male or the female occupants. Fixtures located within toilet rooms subject to the exception of Section 403.2.1
are permitted to be included in the number of fixtures required by Section 403, or where applicable the 
1968 Build-
ing Code
, only for that sex.
403.2 Separate facilities.
Where plumbing fixtures are required, separate facilities shall be provided for each 
sex.
Exceptions:
1.
Separate facilities shall not be required for dwelling units and sleeping units.
2.
In structures or tenant spaces where combined employee and public toilet facilities are provided in accord-
ance with Section 403.3, separate facilities 
shall not be required where the total number of employees, cus-
tomers, patrons and visitors is 30 or fewer.
3.
In structures or tenant spaces where required toilet facilities for only employee use are provided in accordance 
with Section 403.3, separate faci
lities shall not be required where the total number of employees is 30 or 
fewer.
4.
In structures or tenant spaces where required toilet facilities for only public use are provided in accordance 
with Section 403.3, separate facilities shall not be required
where the total number of customers, patrons and 
visitors is 30 or fewer.
‡‡‡
403.2.1 Family or assisted
-
use toilet facilities serving as separate facilities. 
Where a building or tenant 
space requires a separate toilet facility for each sex and each 
toilet facility is required to have only one water closet, 
two
-
family or assisted
-
use toilet facilities shall be permitted to serve as the required separate facilities. Family or 
assisted
-
use toilet facilities shall not be required to be identified for exc
lusive use by either sex as required by 
Section 403.4.
403.2.2 Single
-
occupant toilet rooms. 
All single
-
occupant toilet rooms shall be made available for use by persons 
of any sex. Existing toilet rooms shall comply with this section. Nothing in this secti
on shall be construed to affect 
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
or alter the number of toilet rooms in a building otherwise required pursuant to this code or where applicable the 
1968 Building Code
.
Exception: 
Where egress from a single
-
occupant toilet room is through a room permissibly 
restricted by sex.
403.3 Required employee and public toilet facilities.
Employees shall be provided with toilet facilities in all occu-
pancies. The number of plumbing fixtures located within the required employee toilet facilities shall be provided in 
acco
rdance with Section 403 for all employees. Customers, patrons and visitors shall be provided with public toilet 
facilities in structures and tenant spaces intended for public utilization. The number of plumbing fixtures located 
within the required public t
oilet facilities shall be provided in accordance with Section 403 for all customers, patrons 
and visitors. Employee and public toilet facilities may be separate or combined. Where combined facilities are pro-
vided, the number of plumbing fixtures shall be i
n accordance with Section 403 for all users. 
Exception:
Public utilization of toilet facilities shall not be required for:
1.
Food service establishments, as defined in Section 81.03 of the 
New York City Health Code
, with a seating 
capacity of less than 2
0, provided such establishments are less than 10,000 square feet (929 m
2
).
2.
Establishments less than 10,000 square feet (929 m
2
) classified as Occupancy Group B or M pursuant to 
Sections 304.1 and 309.1 of the 
New York City Building Code
, respectively, p
rovided however that this 
exception shall not apply to a building or nonaccessory tenant space used for assembly purposes by fewer 
than 75 persons and classified as a Group B occupancy in accordance with Section 303.1.2 of the 
New York 
City Building Code
.
403.3.1 Access.
The route to the public toilet facilities required by Section 403.3 shall not pass through kitchens, 
storage rooms or closets. Access to the required facilities shall be from within the building or from the exterior of 
the building.
Routes
shall comply with the accessibility requirements of the 
New York City 
Building Code
. 
The 
public
shall have access to the required toilet facilities at all times that the building is occupied.
403.3.2 Prohibited toilet room location.
Toilet rooms shall not 
open directly into a room used for the preparation 
of food for service to the public.
403.3.3 Location of toilet facilities in occupancies other than malls.
In occupancies other than covered and open 
mall buildings, the required public and employee toilet facilities shall be located not more than one story above or 
below the space required to be provided with toilet facilities, and the path of travel to such f
acilities shall not exceed 
a distance of 500 feet (152 m).
Exception: 
The location and maximum
distances of travel to required employee facilities in factory and indus-
trial occupancies are permitted to exceed that required by this section, provided that th
e location and maximum 
distance of travel are approved.
403.3.4 Location of toilet facilities in malls.
In covered and open mall buildings, the required public and employee 
toilet facilities shall be located not more than one story above or below the space
required to be provided with toilet 
facilities, and the path of travel to such facilities shall not exceed a distance of 300 feet (91 m). In
mall buildings, 
the required facilities shall be based on total square footage within a covered mall building or w
ithin the perimeter 
line of an open mall building, and facilities shall be installed in each individual store or in a central toilet area 
located in accordance with this section. The maximum distance of travel to central toilet facilities in mall buildings
shall be measured from the main entrance of any store or tenant space. In
mall buildings, where employees’ toilet 
facilities are not provided in the individual store, the maximum distance of travel shall be measured from the em-
ployees’ work area of the st
ore or tenant space.
403.3.5 Pay facilities.
Where pay facilities are installed, such facilities shall be in excess of
the required minimum 
facilities. Required facilities shall be free of charge.
403.3.6 Door locking. 
Where a toilet room is provided for the use of multiple occupants, the egress door for the 
room shall not be lockable from the inside of the room. This sec
tion does not apply to family or assisted
-
use toilet 
rooms.
403.4 Signage.
Required public facilities shall be designated by a legible sign for each sex or, for a single
-
occupant 
toilet room, for all sexes. Signs shall be readily visible and located near t
he entrance to each toilet facility. Existing 
single
-
occupant toilet rooms shall comply with this requirement.
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
403.4.1 Directional signage.
Directional signage indicating the route to the required public toilet facilities shall be 
posted in 
accordance with
Section 1110 of the New York City Building Code. Such signage shall be located in 
a 
lobby, corridor, aisle or similar space, such that the sign can be readily seen from the main entrance to the 
building 
or tenant space
.
403.5 Drinking fountain location. 
D
rinking fountains shall not be required to be located in individual tenant spaces 
provided that public drinking fountains are located on each story within a distance of travel of 500 feet (152 m) of the 
most remote location in the tenant space on such stor
y. Where the tenant space is in a covered or open mall, such 
distance shall not exceed 300 feet (91 m). Drinking fountains shall be located on an accessible route.
SECTION 
PC
404
ACCESSIBLE PLUMBING FACILITIES
404.1 Where required.
Accessible plumbing faci
lities and fixtures shall be provided in accordance with the 
New 
York City 
Building Code
.
404.2 Accessible fixture requirements. 
Accessible plumbing fixtures shall be installed with the clearances, heights, 
spacings and arrangements in accordance with ICC 
A117.1.
404.3 Exposed pipes and surfaces. 
Water supply and drain pipes under accessible lavatories and sinks shall be cov-
ered or otherwise configured to protect against contact. Pipe coverings shall comply with ASME A112.18.9.
SECTION PC 405
INSTALLATION O
F FIXTURES
405.1 Water supply protection.
The supply lines and fittings for every plumbing fixture shall be installed so as to 
prevent backflow.
405.2 Access for cleaning.
Plumbing fixtures shall be installed so as to
afford easy access for cleaning both the fixture 
and the area around the fixture.
405.3 Setting.
Fixtures shall be set level and in proper alignment with reference to adjacent walls.
405.3.1 Water closets, urinals, lavatories and bidets.
A water closet, u
rinal, lavatory or bidet shall not be set 
closer than 15 inches (381 mm) from its center to any side wall, partition, vanity or other obstruction, or closer than 
30 inches (762 mm) center to center between adjacent fixtures. There shall be 
not less than
a 
21
-
inch (533 mm) 
clearance in front of the water closet, urinal, lavatory or bidet to any wall, fixture or door. Water closet compart-
ments shall be not less than 30 inches (762 mm) 
in width
and not less than 60 inches (1524 mm) in depth for floor
-
mounted w
ater closets and not less than 30 inches (762 mm) in width and 56 inches (1422 mm) in depth for wall
-
hung water closets.
405.3.2 Public lavatories.
In employee and public toilet rooms, the required lavatory shall be located in the same 
room as the required
water closet.
405.3.3 Location of fixtures and piping. 
Piping, fixtures or equipment shall not be located in such a manner as to 
interfere with the normal operation of windows, doors or other means of egress openings.
405.3.4 Water closet compartment. 
Eac
h water closet utilized by the public or employees shall occupy a separate 
compartment with walls or partitions and a door enclosing the fixtures to ensure privacy.
Exceptions:
1.
Water closet compartments shall not be required in a single
-
occupant toile
t room with a lockable door.
2.
Toilet rooms located in child day care facilities and containing two or more water closets shall be permitted 
to have one water closet without an enclosing compartment.
3.
Toilet areas located within Group I
-
3 housing areas.
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
405.3.5 Urinal partitions. 
Each urinal utilized by the public or employees shall occupy a separate area with walls 
or partitions to provide privacy. The walls or partitions shall begin at a height not greater than 12 inches (305 mm) 
from and extend not le
ss than 60 inches (1524 mm) above the finished floor surface. The walls or partitions shall 
extend from the wall surface at each side of the urinal not less than 18 inches (457 mm) or to a point not less than 
6 inches (152 mm) beyond the outermost front li
p of the urinal measured from the finished backwall surface, 
whichever is greater.
1.
Urinal partitions shall not be required in a single occupant or family/assisted
-
use toilet room with a lockable 
door.
2.
Toilet rooms located in child day care facilities
and containing two or more urinals shall be permitted to have 
one urinal without partitions.
405.4 Floor and wall drainage connections.
Connections between the drain and floor outlet plumbing fixtures shall 
be made with a floor flange or a waste connector and sealing gasket. The waste connector and sealing gasket joint 
shall comply with the joint tightness test of ASME A112.4.3 and shall b
e installed in accordance with the manufac-
turer’s instructions. The flange shall be attached to the drain and anchored to the structure. Connections between the 
drain and wall
-
hung water closets shall be made with an approved extension nipple or horn adapt
or. The water closet 
shall be bolted to the 
carrier
with corrosion
-
resistant bolts or screws. Joints shall be sealed with an approved elasto-
meric gasket, flange
-
to
-
fixture connection complying with ASME A112.4.3 or an approved setting compound.
405.4.1 Flo
or flanges.
Floor flanges for water closets or similar fixtures shall be not less than 0.125 inch (3.2 mm) 
thick for brass, 0.25 inch (6.4 mm) thick for plastic and 0.25 inch (6.4 mm) thick and not less than a 2
-
inch (51 
mm) caulking depth for cast
-
iron or
galvanized malleable iron.
Floor flanges of hard lead shall weigh not less than 1 pound, 9 ounces (0.7 kg) and shall be composed of lead 
alloy with not less than 7.75
-
percent antimony by weight. Closet screws and bolts shall be of brass. Flanges shall 
be 
secured to the building structure with corrosion
-
resistant screws or bolts.
405.4.2 Securing floor outlet fixtures.
Floor outlet fixtures shall be secured to the floor or floor flanges by screws 
or bolts of corrosion
-
resistant material.
405.4.3 
Securing wall
-
hung water closet bowls.
Wall
-
hung
water closet bowls shall be supported by a concealed 
metal carrier that is attached to the building 
structure
so that strain is not transmitted to the closet connector or any 
other part of the plumbing syste
m. The carrier shall conform to ASME A112.6.1M or ASME A112.6.2.
405.5 Water
-
tight joints.
Joints formed where fixtures come in contact with walls or floors shall be sealed.
405.6 Plumbing in mental health centers.
In mental health centers, pipes or traps 
shall not be exposed, and fixtures 
shall be bolted through walls.
405.7 Design of overflows.
Where any fixture is provided with an overflow, the waste shall be designed and installed 
so that standing water in the fixture will not rise in the overflow when 
the stopper is closed, and no water will remain 
in the overflow when the fixture is empty.
Exception:
Existing overflows for bath tubs utilizing standing wastes.
405.7.1 Connection of overflows.
The overflow from any fixture shall discharge into the draina
ge system on the 
inlet or fixture side of the trap.
Exception: 
The overflow from a flush tank serving a water closet or urinal shall discharge into the fixture 
served.
405.8 Slip joint connections.
Slip joints shall be made with an approved elastomeric gas
ket and shall only be installed 
on the trap outlet, trap inlet and within the trap seal. Fixtures with concealed slip joint connections shall be provided 
with an access panel or utility space
not less than
12 inches (305 mm) in its smallest dimension or ot
her approved 
arrangement so as to provide access to the slip joint connections for inspection and repair.
405.9 Design and installation of plumbing fixtures.
Integral fixture fitting mounting surfaces on manufactured 
plumbing fixtures or plumbing fixtures 
constructed on site shall meet the design requirements of 
ASME 
A11
2.19.2/CSA B45.1 or 
ASME A112.19.
3/CSA B45.4.
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
SECTION 
PC
406
AUTOMATIC CLOTHES WASHERS
406.1 Water connection. 
The water supply to an automatic clothes washer shall be protected against backflow by an 
air gap that is integral with the 
machine or 
a backflow preventer shall be installed in accordance with Section
608.
Air 
gaps shall comply with ASME A112.1.2 or A112.
1.3.
406.2 Waste connection.
The waste from an automatic clothes washer shall discharge through an air break into a 
standpipe in accordance with Section 802 or into a laundry sink. The trap and fixture drain for an automatic clothes 
washer standpipe shall 
be 
not less than
2 inches (51 mm) in diameter. The fixture drain for the standpipe serving an 
automatic clothes washer
shall connect to a 
3
-
inch
(76 mm) or larger diameter fixture branch, building drain, or stack. 
Automatic clothes washers that discharge b
y gravity shall be permitted to drain to a waste receptor or an approved 
trench drain.
SECTION 
PC 
407
BATHTUBS
407.1 Approval.
Bathtubs shall conform to 
ASME A112.19.1
/CSA B45.2, 
ASME A112.19.
2/CSA B45.1, 
ASME 
A112.19.3/
CSA B45.4, or CSA B45.5/IAPMO Z124.
407.2 Bathtub waste outlets and overflows. 
Bathtubs shall 
be equipped with a 
waste outlet and an overflow outlet. 
The outlets shall be connected to waste tubing or piping not less than 1
1
/
2
inches (38 mm) in diameter. The waste 
outlet shall be equipped wit
h a water
-
tight stopper.
407.3 Glazing.
Windows and doors within a bathtub enclosure shall conform to the safety glazing requirements of 
the 
New York City 
Building Code
.
407.4 Bathtub enclosure.
Doors 
in
a bathtub enclosure shall conform to ASME A112.19.15.
SECTION
PC
408
BIDETS
408.1 Approval.
Bidets shall conform to 
ASME A112.19.2/CSA B45.1.
408.2 Water connection.
The water supply to a bidet shall be protected against backflow by an air gap or backflow
preventer in accordance with Section 608.13.
408.3 Bidet water temperature.
The discharge water temperature from a bidet fitting shall be limited to a maximum 
temperature of 110°F (43°C) by a water temperature limiting device conforming to ASSE 1070 or CS
A B125.3.
SECTION
PC
409
DISHWASHING MACHINES
409.1 Approval.
Commercial dishwashing machines shall conform to ASSE 1004 and NSF 3. Commercial dishwash-
ing machines with integral gas
-
fired heating must be tested and evaluated in accordance with UL 921.
409.
2 Water connection.
The water supply to a dishwashing machine shall be protected against backflow by an air 
gap that is integral with the machine or a backflow preventer shall be installed in accordance with Section 608. Air 
gaps shall comply with ASME A11
2.1.2 or A112.1.3.
409.3 Waste connection.
The waste connection of a dishwashing machine shall comply with 
Section 802
.
SECTION
PC
410
DRINKING FOUNTAINS
410.1 Approval.
Drinking fountains shall conform to ASME A112.19.1/CSA B45.2
or ASME 
A112.19.2/CSA B45.1
and water coolers shall conform to AHRI 1010. Drinking fountains
and water coolers shall conform to 
NSF 61, 
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
Section 9 and ICC A117.1
. Drinking fountains 
required by Table 403.1 shall be equipped with both a bubbler faucet 
for 
drinking a
nd 
a separate faucet designed for filling a container at least 10 inches (254 mm)
in 
height.
Drinking 
fountains and water coolers shall comply with the lead requirements of Section 605.
410.2 Small occupancies. 
Drinking fountains shall not be required for 
an occupant load of 15 or fewer.
410.3 Required
drinking fountains.
Where water is served in restaurants, drinking fountains shall not be required. 
In other occupancies, where drinking fountains are required, up to 50 percent of required drinking fountains
con-
forming to Section 410.1 may be substituted by dedicated plumbing fixtures with faucets designed for filling a con-
tainer at least 10 inches (254 mm) in height, provided any such dedicated plumbing fixture is adjacent to or readily 
visible from the loca
tion of a drinking fountain conforming to Section 410.1. Bottled water dispensers shall not be 
substituted for required drinking fountains.
410.4 Prohibited location. 
Drinking fountains and plumbing fixtures with faucets permitted to be substituted for 
re
quired drinking fountains shall not be installed in public restrooms.
SECTION
PC
411
EMERGENCY SHOWERS AND EYEWASH STATIONS
411.1 Approval.
Emergency showers and eyewash stations shall conform to ISEA Z358.1.
411.2 Waste connection.
Waste 
connections shall not be required for emergency showers and eyewash stations.
SECTION 
PC
412
FLOOR AND TRENCH DRAINS
412.1 Approval.
Floor drains shall conform to ASME A112.3.1, ASME A112.6.3 or CSA B79. Trench drains shall 
comply with ASME A112.6.3.
412.2
Floor drains.
Floor drains shall have removable strainers.
The floor drain shall be constructed so that the drain 
is capable of being cleaned. Access shall be provided to the drain inlet. Ready access shall be provided to floor drains.
Exception: 
Floor dr
ains serving refrigerated display cases shall be provided with access.
412.3 Size of floor drains.
Floor drains shall have a drain outlet not less than 3 inches (76 mm) in diameter.
412.4 Public laundries and central washing facilities.
In public 
coin
-
operated laundries and in the central washing 
facilities of multiple
-
family dwellings, the rooms containing automatic clothes washers shall be provided with floor 
drains located to readily drain the entire floor area. Such drains shall have an outlet 
of not less than 3 inches (76 mm) 
in diameter
and be provided with lint strainers
.
SECTION 
PC
413
FOOD WASTE 
DISPOSER
UNITS
413.1 Approval.
Domestic food waste 
disposers
shall conform to ASSE 1008 and shall be listed and labeled in ac-
cordance with UL 430
.
Food waste 
disposers
shall not increase the drainage fixture unit load on the sanitary drainage 
system.
Food waste disposers
shall be permitted only within dwelling units.
413.2 Domestic food waste 
disposer
waste outlets.
The outlets of domestic food waste
disposers
shall be connected 
to a drain of not less than 
2 inches (
51 
mm) in diameter
.
413.3 Commercial food waste disposer units. 
Commercial food waste disposers shall be prohibited unless approved 
for use by the Department of Environmental Protection.
4
13.4 Water supply required.
Food
waste 
disposers
shall be provided with a supply of cold water.
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
SECTION
PC
414
GARBAGE CAN WASHERS
414.1 Water connection.
The water supply to a garbage can washer shall be protected against backflow by an air gap 
or a 
backflow preventer in accordance with Section 608.13.1, 608.13.2, 608.13.3, 608.13.5, 608.13.6 or 608.13.8.
414.2 Waste connection.
Garbage can washers shall be trapped separately. The receptacle receiving the waste from 
the washer shall have a removable b
asket or strainer to prevent the discharge of large particles into the drainage system.
SECTION 
PC
415
LAUNDRY TRAYS
415.1 Approval.
Laundry trays shall conform to ASME A112.19.1/CSA B45.2, ASME A112.19.2/CSA B45.1, 
ASME A119.19.3/CSA B45.4 or CSA B45.5/IA
PMO Z124.
415.2 Waste outlet.
Each compartment of a laundry tray shall be provided with a waste outlet not less than 1
1
/
2
inches 
(38 mm) in diameter and a strainer or crossbar to restrict the clear opening of the waste outlet.
SECTION PC 416
LAVATORIES
416
.1 Approval.
Lavatories shall conform to ASME A112.19.1/CSA B45.2, ASME A112.19.2/CSA B45.1, ASME 
A112.19.3/CSA B45.4 or CSA B45.5/IAPMO Z124. Group wash
-
up equipment shall conform to the requirements 
of Section 402. Every 20 inches (508 mm) of rim 
space shall be considered as one lavatory.
416.2 Cultured marble lavatories.
Cultured marble vanity tops with an integral lavatory shall conform to 
CSA 
B45.5/IAPMO Z124.
416.3 Lavatory waste outlets.
Lavatories shall have waste outlets not less than 
1
1
/
4
inches (32 mm) in diameter. A 
strainer, pop
-
up stopper, crossbar or other device shall be provided to restrict the clear opening of the waste outlet.
Where a stopper is utilized, a built
-
in overflow sh
all be provided.
416.4 Moveable lavatory systems.
Moveable lavatory systems shall comply with ASME A112.19.12.
416.5 Tempered water for public hand
-
washing facilities.
Tempered water shall be delivered from lavatories and 
group wash fixtures located in pub
lic 
toilet
facilities provided for customers, patrons and visitors. Tempered water 
shall be delivered through an approved water
-
temperature limiting device that conforms to 
ASSE 
1070.
Exception:
Where point of use heaters are installed, outlet water temper
ature shall be regulated to provide tempered 
water.
SECTION 
PC 
417
SHOWERS
417.1 Approval.
Prefabricated showers and shower compartments shall conform to ASME A112.19.2/CSA B45.1 
or CSA B45.5/IAPMO Z124. Shower valves for individual showers shall 
conform to the requirements of Section 
424.3.
417.2 Water supply riser.
Water supply risers from the shower valve to the shower head outlet, whether exposed or 
concealed, shall be attached to the structure. The attachment to the structure shall be made by 
the use of support 
devices designed for use with the specific piping material or by fittings anchored with screws.
417.3 Shower waste outlet.
Waste outlets serving showers shall be 
not less than 
2 inches (
51
mm) in diameter and, 
for other than waste outlet
s in bathtubs, shall have removable strainers not less than 3 inches (76 mm) in diameter 
with strainer openings not less than 
1
/
4
inch (6.4 mm) in 
least
dimension. Where each shower space is not provided 
with an individual waste outlet, the waste outlet sh
all be located and the floor pitched so that waste from one shower 
does not flow over the floor area serving another shower. Waste outlets shall be fastened to the waste pipe in an 
approved manner.
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
417.4 Shower compartments.
Shower
compartments shall 
be no
t less than
900 square inches (0.58 m
2
) 
in
interior 
cross
-
sectional
area. Shower compartments shall be not
less than 30 inches (762 mm) in 
least
dimension as measured 
from the finished interior dimension of the compartment, exclusive of fixture valves, showerheads, soap dishes and 
safety grab bars or rails. Except as required in Section
404, the minimum required area and dimension shall be meas-
ure
d from the finished interior dimension at a height equal to the top of the threshold and at a point tangent to its 
centerline and shall be continued to a height not less than 70 inches (1778 mm) above the shower drain outlet.
417.4.1 Floor and wall area.
B
athtub floors, shower floors, wall areas above built
-
in tubs 
that have
installed 
shower heads and walls in shower compartments shall be constructed of smooth, 
corrosion
-
resistant
and nonabsor-
bent waterproof materials. Wall materials shall extend to a heigh
t of not less than 6 feet (1829 mm) above the room 
floor level, and not less than 70 inches (1778 mm) 
above
the drain of the tub or shower. Such walls shall form a 
water
-
tight joint with each other and with either the tub or shower floor.
417.4.2 Access.
T
he shower compartment access and egress opening shall have a clear and unobstructed finished 
width of not less than 22 inches (559 mm). Shower compartments required to be designed in conformance to ac-
cessibility provisions shall comply with Section 404.1.
417.5 Shower floors or receptors.
Floor surfaces shall be constructed of impervious, noncorrosive, nonabsorbent and 
waterproof materials.
417.5.1 Support.
Floors or receptors under shower compartments shall be laid on, and supported by, a smooth and 
struct
urally sound base.
417.5.2 Shower lining.
Floors under shower compartments, except where prefabricated receptors have been pro-
vided, shall be lined and made water tight utilizing material complying with Sections 417.5.2.1 through 417.5.2.6. 
Such liners sha
ll turn up on all sides 
not less than
2 inches (51 mm) above the finished threshold level. Liners shall 
be recessed and fastened to an approved backing so as not to occupy the space required for wall covering, and shall 
not be nailed or perforated at any p
oint less than 1 inch (25 mm) above the finished threshold. Liners shall be 
pitched one
-
fourth unit vertical in 12 units horizontal (2
-
percent slope) and shall be sloped toward the fixture drains 
and be securely fastened to the waste outlet at the seepage 
entrance, making a water
-
tight joint between the liner 
and the outlet. The completed liner shall be tested in accordance with Section 312.9.
Exceptions:
1.
Floor surfaces under shower heads provided for rinsing laid directly on the ground are not required 
to 
comply with this section.
2.
Where a sheet
-
applied, load
-
bearing, bonded, waterproof membrane is installed as the shower lining, the 
membrane shall not be required to be recessed.
417.5.2.1 PVC sheets.
Plasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC) sheets shall m
eet the requirements of ASTM D 
4551. Sheets shall be joined by solvent welding in accordance with the manufacturer’s installation instructions.
417.5.2.2 Chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) sheets.
Nonplasticized chlorinated polyethylene sheet shall meet 
the re
quirements of ASTM D 4068. The liner shall be joined in accordance with the manufacturer’s installation 
instructions.
417.5.2.3 Sheet lead.
Sheet lead
shall weigh not less than 4 pounds per square foot (19.5 kg/m
2
) and shall be 
coated with an asphalt paint or other approved coating. The lead sheet shall be insulated from conducting sub-
stances other than the connecting drain by 15
-
pound (6.80 kg) asphalt
felt or 
an
equivalent. Sheet lead shall be 
joined by burning or soldering.
417.5.2.4 Sheet copper.
Sheet copper shall conform to ASTM B 152 and shall weigh not
less than 12 ounces 
per square foot (3.7 kg/m
2
). The copper sheet shall be insulated from condu
cting substances other than the 
connecting drain by 15
-
pound (6.80 kg) asphalt felt or 
an
equivalent. Sheet copper shall be joined by brazing or 
soldering.
417.5.2.5 Sheet
-
applied, load
-
bearing, bonded, waterproof membranes.
Sheet
-
applied, load
-
bearing, 
bo
nded, waterproof membranes shall meet requirements of ANSI A118.10 and shall be applied in accordance 
with the manufacturer’s installation instructions.
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
417.5.2.6 Liquid
-
type, trowel
-
applied, load
-
bearing, bonded waterproof materials. 
Liquid
-
type, trowel
-
a
p-
plied, load
-
bearing, bonded waterproof materials shall meet the requirements of ANSI A118.10 and shall be 
applied in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
417.6 Glazing.
Windows and doors within a shower enclosure shall conform to the safety gl
azing requirements of the 
New York City 
Building Code
.
SECTION 
PC 
418
SINKS
418.1 Approval.
Sinks shall conform to ASME A112.19.1/CSA B45.2, ASME A112.19.2/CSA B45.1, ASME 
A112.19.3/CSA B45.4 or CSA B45.5/IAPMO Z124.
418.2 Sink waste outlets.
Sinks shall be provided with waste outlets having a diameter not less than 
1
1
/
2
inches (38 
mm).
A strainer or crossbar shall be provided to restrict the clear opening of the waste outlet.
418.3 Moveable sink systems.
Moveable sink systems shall 
comply with ASME A112.19.12.
SECTION 
PC
419
URINALS
419.1 Approval.
Urinals shall conform to ASME A112.19.2/CSA B45.1, ASME A112.19.19 or CSA B45.5/IAPMO 
Z124. Urinals shall conform to the water consumption requirements of Section 604.4. Water
-
supplied uri
nals shall 
conform to the hydraulic performance requirements of ASME A112.19.2/CSA B45.1 or CSA B45.5/IAPMO Z124.
419.2 Substitution for water closets.
In each bathroom or toilet room, urinals shall not be substituted for more than 
50 percent
of the requir
ed water closets.
419.3 Surrounding material.
Wall and floor space to a point 2 feet (610 mm) in front of a urinal lip and 4 feet (1219 
mm) above the floor and at least 2 feet (610 mm) to each side of the urinal shall be waterproofed with a smooth, 
readily
cleanable, nonabsorbent material.
419.4 Waterless urinals.
Approved waterless urinals may be utilized only as part of an approved building water 
conservation plan prepared in accordance with the rules of the department.
SECTION 
PC 
420
WATER CLOSETS
420.1 
Approval.
Water closets shall conform to the water consumption requirements of Section 604.4 and shall con-
form to 
ASME A112.19.2/CSA B45.1
, ASME A112.19.3/CSA B45.4 or CSA B45.5/IAPMO Z124. Water closets 
shall conform to the hydraulic performance requireme
nts of ASME A112.19.2/CSAB45.1. Water closet tanks shall 
conform to 
ASME A112.19.2/CSA B45.1, 
ASME A112.19.3/CSA B45.4 or CSA B45.5/IAPMO Z124. Electro
-
hy-
draulic water closets shall comply with 
ASME 
A112.19.2/CSA B45.1. Water closets equipped with a 
dual flushing 
device shall comply with ASME A112.19.14.
420.2 Water closets for public or employee toilet facilities.
Water closet bowls for public or employee toilet facili-
ties shall be of the elongated type.
420.3 Water closet seats.
Water closets shall 
be equipped with seats of smooth, nonabsorbent material. All seats of 
water closets provided for public or employee toilet facilities shall be of the hinged open
-
front type. Integral water 
closet seats shall be of the same material as the fixture. Water cl
oset seats shall be sized for the water closet bowl type.
420.4 Water closet connections.
A 4
-
inch by 3
-
inch (102 mm by 76 mm) closet bend shall be acceptable. Where a 
3
-
inch (76 mm) bend is utilized on water closets, a 4
-
inch by 3
-
inch (102 mm by 76 mm) f
lange shall be installed to 
receive the fixture horn
.
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
420.5 Water closets for children’s use.
In nurseries, schools, and similar places where plumbing fixtures are pro-
vided for the use of children under 6 years of age, such water closets shall be of a size
and height suitable for the 
children’s use.
SECTION 
PC 
421
WHIRLPOOL BATHTUBS
421.1 Approval.
Whirlpool bathtubs shall comply with 
ASME A112.19.7/CSAz B45.10 and shall be listed and la-
beled in accordance with UL 1795.
421.2 Installation.
Whirlpool bathtub
s shall be installed and tested in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. 
The pump shall be located above the weir of the fixture trap.
421.3 Drain.
The pump drain and circulation piping shall be sloped to drain the water in the volute and the ci
rculation 
piping when the whirlpool bathtub is empty.
421.4 Suction fittings.
Suction fittings for whirlpool bathtubs shall comply with ASME A112.19.7/CSA B45.10.
421.5 Access to pump.
Access shall be provided to circulation pumps in accordance with the fi
xture or pump manu-
facturer’s installation instructions. Where the manufacturer’s instructions do not specify the location and minimum 
size of field
-
fabricated access openings, an opening not less than 12 inches by 12 inches (305 mm by 305 mm) shall 
be inst
alled to provide access to the circulation pump. Where pumps are located more than 2 feet (609 mm) from the 
access opening, an opening not less than 18 inches by 18 inches (457 mm by 457 mm) shall be installed. A door or 
panel shall be permitted to close t
he opening. In all cases, the access opening shall be unobstructed and of the size 
necessary to permit the removal and replacement of the circulation pump.
421.6 Whirlpool enclosure.
Doors within a whirlpool enclosure shall conform to ASME 
A112.19.15.
SECTION 
PC 
422
HEALTH CARE FIXTURES AND EQUIPMENT
422.1 Scope.
This section shall govern those aspects of health care plumbing systems that differ from plumbing sys-
tems in other structures. Health care plumbing systems shall conform to the requ
irements of this section in addition to 
the other requirements of this code. The provisions of this section shall apply to the special devices and equipment 
installed and maintained in the following occupancies: hospitals, nursing homes, homes for the aged
, orphanages, 
infirmaries, first aid stations, psychiatric facilities, clinics, professional offices of dentists and doctors, mortuaries, 
educational facilities, surgery, dentistry, research and testing laboratories, establishments manufacturing pharmaceu-
t
ical drugs and medicines
,
animal care facilities, and other structures with similar apparatus and equipment classified 
as plumbing.
422.2 Approval.
All special plumbing fixtures, equipment, devices, assemblies and apparatus shall be of an approved 
type.
42
2.3 Protection.
All devices, appurtenances, appliances and apparatus intended to serve some special function, such 
as sterilization, distillation, processing, cooling, or storage of ice or foods, and that connect to either the water supply 
or drainage syst
em, shall be provided with protection against backflow, flooding, fouling, contamination of the water 
supply system and stoppage of the drain.
422.4 Materials.
Fixtures designed for therapy, special cleansing or disposal of waste materials, combinations of
such 
purposes, or any other special purpose, shall be of smooth, impervious, corrosion
-
resistant materials and, where sub-
jected to temperatures in excess of 180°F (82°C), shall be capable of withstanding, without damage, higher tempera-
tures.
422.5 Access.
Access shall be provided to concealed piping in connection with special fixtures where such piping 
contains steam traps, valves, relief valves, check valves, vacuum breakers or other similar items that require periodic 
inspection, servicing, maintenance o
r repair. Access shall be provided to concealed piping that requires periodic in-
spection, maintenance or repair.
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
422.6 Clinical sink.
A clinical sink shall have an integral trap in which the upper portion of a visible trap seal provides 
a water surface. Th
e fixture shall be designed so as to permit complete removal of the contents by siphonic or blowout 
action and to reseal the trap. A flushing rim shall provide water to cleanse the interior surface. The fixture shall have 
the flushing and cleansing charact
eristics of a water closet.
422.7 Prohibited usage of clinical sinks and service sinks.
A clinical sink serving a soiled utility room shall not be 
considered as a substitute for, or be utilized as, a service sink. A service sink shall not be utilized for t
he disposal of 
urine, fecal matter or other human waste
.
422.8 Ice prohibited in soiled utility room.
Machines for manufacturing ice, or any device for the handling or storage 
of ice, shall not be located in a soiled utility room.
422.9 
Sterilizer equipment requirements.
The approval and installation of all sterilizers shall conform to the re-
quirements of the 
New York City 
Mechanical Code
.
422.9.1 Sterilizer piping.
Access
for the purposes of inspection and maintenance shall be provided t
o all sterilizer 
piping and devices necessary for the operation of sterilizers.
422.9.2 Steam supply.
Steam supplies to sterilizers, including those connected by pipes from overhead mains or 
branches, shall be drained to prevent any moisture from reaching 
the sterilizer. The condensate drainage from the 
steam supply shall be discharged by gravity.
422.9.3 Steam condensate return.
Steam condensate returns from sterilizers shall be a gravity return system.
422.9.4 Condensers.
Pressure sterilizers shall be equ
ipped with a means of condensing and cooling the exhaust 
steam vapors. Nonpressure sterilizers shall be equipped with a device that will automatically control the vapor, 
confining the vapors within the vessel.
422.10 Special elevations. 
Control valves, vac
uum outlets and devices protruding from a wall of an operating, emer-
gency, recovery, examining or delivery room, or in a corridor or other location where patients are transported on a 
wheeled stretcher, shall be located at an elevation that prevents bumpin
g the patient or stretcher against the device.
SECTION 
PC 
423
SPECIALTY PLUMBING FIXTURES
423.1 Water connections.
Baptisteries, ornamental and lily pools, aquariums, ornamental fountain basins, swimming 
pools, and similar constructions, where 
provided with water supplies, shall be protected against backflow in accord-
ance with Section 608.
423.2 Approval.
Specialties requiring water and waste connections shall be submitted for approval.
423.3 Footbaths, pedicure baths and head shampoo sinks. 
The
water supplied to specialty plumbing fixtures, such 
as pedicure chairs having an integral foot bathtub, footbaths, and head shampoo sinks, shall be limited to a maximum 
temperature of 120°F (49°C) by a water temperature limiting device that conforms to AS
SE 1070 or CSA B125.3.
SECTION 
PC 
424
FAUCETS AND OTHER FIXTURE FITTINGS
424.1 Approval.
Faucets and fixture fittings shall conform to ASME A112.18.1/CSA B125.1. Faucets and fixture 
fittings that supply drinking water for human ingestion shall conform to t
he requirements of NSF 61, 
section
9. Flex-
ible water connectors exposed to continuous pressure shall conform to the requirements of Section 605.6.
424.1.1 Faucets and supply fittings.
Faucets and supply fittings shall conform to the water consumption requi
re-
ments of Section 604.4.
424.1.2 Waste fittings.
Waste fittings shall conform to ASME A112.18.2/CSA B125.2, ASTM F 409 or to one of 
the standards listed in Tables 702.1 and 702.4 for 
aboveground
drainage and vent pipe and fittings.
424.1.3 Lavatory operat
ion without external electrical power.
Where automatic lavatory faucets connected to 
an external supply of electrical power are provided in a bathroom or toilet room, at least one lavatory faucet in such 
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
bathroom or toilet room shall be capable of normal o
peration in the absence of an external supply of electrical 
power for a period of at least two weeks, either through manual operation or built
-
in battery back
-
up. Where such 
automatic lavatory faucets are located in a bathroom or toilet room with a require
d accessible lavatory, such oper-
ational lavatory faucet shall be at such required accessible lavatory.
Exception:
Section 424.1.3 shall not apply to more than one bathroom or toilet room in a dwelling unit.
424.2 Hand showers.
Hand
-
held showers shall confo
rm to ASME A112.18.1/CSA B125.1. Hand
-
held showers shall 
provide backflow protection in accordance with ASME A112.18.1/CSA B125.1 or shall be protected against backflow 
by a device complying with ASME A112.18.3.
424.3 Individual shower valves.
Individual s
hower and 
tub
-
shower
combination valves shall be balanced
-
pressure, 
thermostatic or combination balanced
-
pressure/thermostatic valves that conform to the requirements of ASSE 
1016/ASME A112.1016/CSA B125.16 or ASME A112.18.1/CSA B125.1 and shall be install
ed at the point of use. 
Shower
and tub
-
shower
combination valves required by this section shall be equipped with a means to limit the max-
imum setting of the valve to 120°F (49°C), which shall be field adjusted in accordance with the manufacturer’s in-
struct
ions. In
-
line thermostatic valves shall not be utilized for compliance with this section.
424.4 Multiple (gang) showers.
Multiple (gang) showers supplied with a single
-
tempered water supply pipe shall 
have the water supply for such showers controlled by an
approved 
automatic temperature control mixing valve that 
conforms to ASSE 1069 or CSA B125.3, or each shower head shall be individually controlled by a balanced
-
pressure, 
thermostatic or combination 
balanced
-
pressure/thermostatic valve that conforms to ASSE 1016/ASME 
A112.1016/CSA B125.16
or 
ASME A112.18.1/CSA B125.1 and is installed at the point of use. Such valves shall be 
equipped with a means to limit the maximum setting of the valve to 120°F (49°
C), which shall be field adjusted in 
accordance with the manufacturers’ instructions.
424.5 Bathtub and whirlpool bathtub valves.
The hot water supplied to bathtubs and whirlpool bathtubs, including 
bathtubs equipped with hand
-
held showers, shall be limite
d to a maximum temperature of 120°F (49°C) by a water
-
temperature limiting device that conforms to 
ASSE 1
070 or CSA B125.3, except where such protection is otherwise 
provided by a combination tub/shower valve in accordance with Section 424.3.
424.6 Hose
-
co
nnected outlets.
Faucets and fixture fittings with hose
-
connected outlets shall conform to ASME 
A112.18.3 or ASME A112.18.1/CSA B125.1.
424.7 Temperature
-
actuated, flow reduction valves for individual fixture fittings.
Temperature
-
actuated, flow 
reduction 
devices, where installed for individual fixture fittings, shall conform to ASSE 1062. Such valves shall not 
be used alone as a substitute for the balanced
-
pressure, thermostatic or combination shower valves required in Section 
424.3.
424.8 Transfer valves.
Deck
-
mounted bath/shower transfer valves containing an integral atmospheric vacuum 
breaker shall conform to the requirements of ASME A112.18.1/CSA B125.1.
424.9 Water closet personal hygiene devices. 
Personal hygiene devices integral to water closets or w
ater closet seats 
shall conform to the requirements of ASME A112.4.2.
SECTION 
PC 
425
FLUSHING DEVICES FOR WATER CLOSETS AND URINALS
425.1 Flushing devices required.
Each water closet, urinal, clinical sink and any plumbing fixture that depends on 
trap siph
onage to discharge the fixture contents to the drainage system shall be provided with a flushometer valve, 
flushometer tank or a flush tank designed and installed to supply water in quantity and rate of flow to flush the contents 
of the fixture, cleanse th
e fixture and refill the fixture trap.
425.1.1 Separate for each fixture.
A flushing device shall not serve more than one fixture
.
425.
1.2 Water closet flushing without external electrical power.
Where automatic flushing devices connected to an 
external supply of electrical power are provided for water closets in a bathroom or toilet room, the flushing device of at 
least one water closet in such bathroom or toilet room shall be capable of normal o
peration in the absence of an external 
supply of electrical power for a period of at least two weeks, either through manual operation or built
-
in battery back
-
‡‡‡ Chapter 4 was amended by 
Local Law 
77 
of 2023
. This law has an effective
 date of June 10, 2023.
CHAPTER 4 
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS 
SECTION 
PC 
401
GENERAL
401.1 Scope. 
This chapter shall govern the materials, design and installation of plumbing fixtures, faucets and fixture 
fittings in accordance with the type of occupancy, and shall provide for the minimum number of fixtures for various 
types of occupancies.
401.2 Prohibited fixtures and connections.
Water closets having a concealed trap seal or an unventilated space or 
having walls that are not thoroughly washed 
at each discharge in accordance with 
ASME 
A112.19.2/CSA B45.1 shall 
be prohibited. Any water closet that permits siphonage of the contents of the bowl back into the tank shall be prohib-
ited. Trough urinals shall be prohibited.
401.3 Water conservation.
The
maximum water flow rates and flush volume for plumbing fixtures and fixture fittings 
shall comply with Section 604.
SECTION 
PC
402
FIXTURE MATERIAL
402.1 Quality of fixtures.
Plumbing fixtures shall be constructed of approved materials, with smooth, imper
vious 
surfaces, free from defects and concealed fouling surfaces, and shall conform to standards cited in this code. All 
porcelain enameled surfaces on plumbing fixtures shall be acid resistant.
402.2 Materials for specialty fixtures.
Materials for special
ty fixtures not otherwise covered in this code shall be of 
stainless steel, soapstone, chemical stoneware or plastic, or shall be lined with lead, copper
-
base alloy, nickel
-
copper 
alloy, corrosion
-
resistant steel or other material especially suited to the application for which the fixture is intended.
402.3 Sheet copper.
Sheet copper for general applications shall conform to ASTM B 152 and shall not weigh less 
than 12 ounces per square foot (3.7 kg/m
2
).
402.4 Sheet lead.
Sheet lead for pans shall not weigh less than 4 pounds per square foot (19.5 kg/m
2
) and shall be 
coated with an asphalt paint or other approved coating.
SECTION 
PC 
403
MINIMUM PLUMBING FACILITIES
403.1 Minimum number of fixtures.
Plumbing fixtures shall be provided for the type of occupancy and in the min-
imum number shown in Table 403.1. Types of occupancies not shown in Table 403.1 shall be considered individually 
by the 
commissioner.
The number of occupants shall be determined by the 
New York City 
Building Code
. 
Occupancy 
classification sha
ll be determined in accordance with the 
New York City Building Code
.   
TABLE 403.1
MINIMUM NUMBER OF REQUIRED PLUMBING FIXTURES
a 
(See Sections 403.1.1 and 403.2)
NO.
CLASSIFICATION
OCCUPANCY
h
DESCRIPTION
WATER CLOSETS
(URINALS: SEE SECTION 419.2)
LAVATORIES 
BATHTUBS
/ 
SHOWERS
DRINKING 
FOUNTAIN 
(SEE 
SECTION 
410
e
)
OTHER
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
MALE
FEMALE
MALE
FEMALE
1
Assembly
A
-
1
d
Theaters and other 
buildings
for the per-
forming arts and mo-
tion pictures
1 per 70 for 
the first 210 
and 1 per 
125 
for the 
remainder 
exceeding 
210
1 per 35 for 
the first 210 
and 1 per 65 
for the re-
mainder 
ex-
ceeding 210
1 per 200
—
1 per 500
1 service 
sink
A
-
2
d
Nightclubs, bars
f
, 
taverns, dance halls 
and buildings
for 
similar purposes
1 per 75
i
1 per 40
i
1 per 75
—
1 per 
500
1 service 
sink
Restaurants
g
, ban-
quet halls
and food courts
1 per 75
1 per 75
1 per 200
—
1 per 500
1 service 
sink
A
-
3
d
Auditoriums without 
permanent seating, 
art galleries, exhibi-
tion halls, museums, 
lecture halls, arcades 
and 
gymnasiums
1 per 70 for 
the first 210 
and 1 per 
125 
for the 
remainder 
exceeding 
210
1 per 35 for 
the first 210 
and 1 per 65 
for the re-
mainder 
ex-
ceeding 210
1 per 200
—
1 per 500
1 service 
sink
Passenger terminals 
and transportation 
facilities
1 per 
500
1 per 500
1 per 750
—
1 per 1,000
1 service 
sink
Places of worship 
and other religious 
services
1 per 150
1 per 75
1 per 200
—
1 per 1,000
1 service 
sink
A
-
4
Coliseums, arenas, 
skating 
rinks, pools 
and 
tennis 
courts for 
indoor sporting 
events and activities
1 per 75 for 
the first 
1,500 and 1 
per 120 for 
the remainder 
exceeding 
1,500
1 per 40
for 
the first 
1,520 
and
1 per 60 
for the re-
mainder ex-
ceeding 
1,520
1 per
200
1 per
150
—
1 per 1,000
1 service 
sink
A
-
5
Stadiums, 
amuse-
ment parks, bleach-
ers and grandstands 
for outdoor sporting 
events and activities
1 per 75 for 
the
first 
1
,500 and      
1 per 120 for 
the remainder 
exceeding 
1,500
1 per 40 for 
the first 1,520 
and 1 per 60 
for the re-
mainder ex-
ceeding 1,520
1 per 
200
1 
per 
150
—
1 per 1,000
1 service 
sink
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
2
Business
B
j, n
Buildings for the 
transaction
of busi-
ness, professional 
services, other       
services 
including 
merchandise
, office 
buildings
, banks, 
light industrial and 
similar uses
No. of persons for        No. of
each sex          
fixtures
1
–
20                  
1
21
–
45                  
2
46
–
70                  
3
71
–
100                  
4
101
–
140                  5
141
–
190                  6
1 fixture for each additional 
50 persons
No
. of   No. of
persons fix-
tures
for      each        
f                                                    
sex            
f
1
–
25               
1
26
–
50             
2
51
–
75             
3
76
–
115           
4
116
–
160         
5
1 fixture for 
each 
additional 
60 persons
—
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
m
3
Educational
E
Educational facili-
ties, including librar-
ies accessory to 
Group E
1 per 50
1 per 50
—
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
4
Factory and
industrial
F
-
1 and F
-
2
Structures in which 
occupants are 
en-
gaged in work fabri-
cating, assembly or 
processing of prod-
ucts or materials
1 per 100
1 per 100
(see     
Section
411)
1 per 400
1 service 
sink
5
Institutional
I
-
1
k
Residential care
1 per 10
1 per 10
1 per 8
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
I
-
2
Hospitals, 
ambulatory nursing 
home care recipient
1 per room
c
1 per room
c
1 per 15
1 per 100
1 service 
sink per 
floor
Employees, other 
than residential care
b
1 per 25
1 per 35
—
1 per 100
—
Visitors, other than 
residential
care
1 per 75
1 per 
100
—
1 per 500
—
I
-
3
Prisons
b
1 per cell
1 per cell
1 per 15
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
Reformatories, 
de-
tention
centers, and 
correctional 
centers
b
1 per 15
1 per 15
1 per 15
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
Employees
b
1 per 25
1 per 35
—
1 per 100
—
I
-
4
Adult day care and 
child day care
1 per 15
1 per 15
1 per 15
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
6
Mercantile
M
Retail stores, service 
stations, shops, 
salesrooms, markets 
and 
shopping
centers
1 per 500
1 per 750
—
1 per 1,000
1 service 
sink
m
7
Residential
R
-
1
k
Hotels, motels, 
boarding houses 
(transient)
1 per g
uestroom
1 per g
ues-
troom
1 per 
g
uestroom
—
1 service 
sink
R
-
1
k
Dormitories, 
frater-
nities
, sororities
and boarding 
houses (not 
transi-
ent
)
1 per 10
1 per 10
1 per 8
1 per 100
1 
service 
sink
R
-
2
k
Apartment house
1 per dwelling unit
1 per dwelling 
unit
1 per
dwelling
unit
—
1 kitchen 
sink per 
dwelling 
unit; 1 
automatic
clothes 
washer 
connection
per 20 
dwelling 
units
R
-
3
One
-
and two
-
family
dwellings and lodg-
ing houses with five 
or fewer 
guestrooms
1 per dwelling unit
1 per dwelling 
unit
1 per 
dwelling
unit
—
1 kitchen 
sink per 
dwelling 
unit; 1 
automatic
clothes 
washer 
connection
per 
dwelling 
unit
R
-
3
k
Congregate living 
fa-
cilities with 16 or 
fewer persons
1 per 10
1 per 10
1 per 8
1 per 100
1 service 
sink
8
Storage
S
-
1
S
-
2
Structures for the 
storage of goods, 
warehouses, 
store-
house
and freight de-
pots. Low and Mod-
erate Hazard.
1 per 100
1 per 100
See
Section 
411
1 per 
1,000
1 service 
sink
a. 
The fixtures shown are based on one fixture being the minimum required for the number of persons indicated
. Any
fraction of the number of 
persons 
requires an additional fixture.
The number of occupants shall be determined by the 
New York City
Building Code
.
b.
Toilet facilities for employees shall be separate from facilities for inmates or 
care recipients
.
c.
A single
-
occupant toilet room with one water closet and one lavatory se
rving not more than two adjacent patient sleeping units shall be 
permitted 
where such room is pro
vided with direct access from 
each patient sleeping unit and 
with provisions
for privacy.
d.
The occupant load for seasonal outdoor seating and entertainment a
reas shall be included when determining the minimum number of facilities 
required.
e.
The minimum number of required drinking foundations shall comply with Table 403.1 and Chapter 11 of the 
New York City Building Code.
f.
For the purposes of this table onl
y, “Bar” shall mean a business establishment or a portion of a nonprofit entity devoted primarily to the selling 
and serving of alcoholic beverages for consumption by the public, guests, patrons, or members on the premises and in which th
e serving of 
food 
is only incidental.
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
g.
The total number of occupants for a single establishment comprising of a restaurant with an accessory bar shall be considered
as a restaurant 
for the purposes of determining the minimum number of plumbing fixtures.
h.
As per the 
New York City Building Code.
i.
The requirements for the number of water closets for a total occupancy of 150 persons or fewer shall not apply to bars except
that, subject to 
the requirements of Section 403.2.1, there shall be at least one 
water closet for men and at least one water closet for women or at least two 
single
-
occupant toilet rooms.
j.
The number of fixtures for building or nonaccessory tenant space used for assembly purposes by fewer than 75 persons and clas
sified as Group 
B occ
upancy in accordance with Section 303.1, Exception 2 of the 
New York City Building Code 
shall be permitted to be calculated in 
accordance with the requirements for Assembly occupancies.
k.
In addition to the requirements of Table 403.1, residential occupan
cies I
-
1, R
-
1, R
-
2, and R
-
3 shall provide fixtures in compliance with the 
requirements of Section 614 for emergency drinking water access.
m.
For business and mercantile occupancies with an occupant load of 15 or fewer, service sinks shall not be required.
n.
Libraries that are not classified as accessory to Group E per Section 304.1 of the 
New York City Building Code
shall comply with fixture counts 
for Group B occupancies.
403.1.1 Fixture calculations.
To determine the occupant load of each sex, the total
occupant load shall be divided 
in half
. To determine the required number of fixtures, the fixture ratio or ratios for each fixture type shall be 
applied to the occupant load of each sex in accordance with Table 403.1. 
Fractional numbers resulting from ap-
p
lying the fixture ratios of Table 403.1 shall be rounded up to the next whole number. For calculations involving 
multiple occupancies, such fractional numbers for each occupancy shall first be summed and then rounded up to 
the next whole number.
Fixture ca
lculations in Group B office occupancies shall utilize the total occupant load on 
a given floor to determine the number of fixtures required for that floor.
Exception: 
The total occupant load shall not be required to be divided in half where approved stati
stical data 
indicates a distribution of the sexes of other than 50 percent of each sex.
403.1.2 Family or assisted
-
use toilet and bath fixtures.
Fixtures located within family or assisted
-
use toilet and 
bathing rooms required by Section 1109.2.1 of the 
New
York City 
Building Code 
are permitted to be included in 
the number of required fixtures for either the male or female occupants in assembly and mercantile occupancies.
403.1.3 Single
-
occupant toilet fixtures. 
Fixtures located within single
-
occupant toilet
rooms are permitted to be 
included in the number of fixtures required by Section 403, or where applicable the 
1968 Building Code
, for either 
the male or the female occupants. Fixtures located within toilet rooms subject to the exception of Section 403.2.1
are permitted to be included in the number of fixtures required by Section 403, or where applicable the 
1968 Build-
ing Code
, only for that sex.
403.2 Separate facilities.
Where plumbing fixtures are required, separate facilities shall be provided for each 
sex.
Exceptions:
1.
Separate facilities shall not be required for dwelling units and sleeping units.
2.
In structures or tenant spaces where combined employee and public toilet facilities are provided in accord-
ance with Section 403.3, separate facilities 
shall not be required where the total number of employees, cus-
tomers, patrons and visitors is 30 or fewer.
3.
In structures or tenant spaces where required toilet facilities for only employee use are provided in accordance 
with Section 403.3, separate faci
lities shall not be required where the total number of employees is 30 or 
fewer.
4.
In structures or tenant spaces where required toilet facilities for only public use are provided in accordance 
with Section 403.3, separate facilities shall not be required
where the total number of customers, patrons and 
visitors is 30 or fewer.
‡‡‡
403.2.1 Family or assisted
-
use toilet facilities serving as separate facilities. 
Where a building or tenant 
space requires a separate toilet facility for each sex and each 
toilet facility is required to have only one water closet, 
two
-
family or assisted
-
use toilet facilities shall be permitted to serve as the required separate facilities. Family or 
assisted
-
use toilet facilities shall not be required to be identified for exc
lusive use by either sex as required by 
Section 403.4.
403.2.2 Single
-
occupant toilet rooms. 
All single
-
occupant toilet rooms shall be made available for use by persons 
of any sex. Existing toilet rooms shall comply with this section. Nothing in this secti
on shall be construed to affect 
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
or alter the number of toilet rooms in a building otherwise required pursuant to this code or where applicable the 
1968 Building Code
.
Exception: 
Where egress from a single
-
occupant toilet room is through a room permissibly 
restricted by sex.
403.3 Required employee and public toilet facilities.
Employees shall be provided with toilet facilities in all occu-
pancies. The number of plumbing fixtures located within the required employee toilet facilities shall be provided in 
acco
rdance with Section 403 for all employees. Customers, patrons and visitors shall be provided with public toilet 
facilities in structures and tenant spaces intended for public utilization. The number of plumbing fixtures located 
within the required public t
oilet facilities shall be provided in accordance with Section 403 for all customers, patrons 
and visitors. Employee and public toilet facilities may be separate or combined. Where combined facilities are pro-
vided, the number of plumbing fixtures shall be i
n accordance with Section 403 for all users. 
Exception:
Public utilization of toilet facilities shall not be required for:
1.
Food service establishments, as defined in Section 81.03 of the 
New York City Health Code
, with a seating 
capacity of less than 2
0, provided such establishments are less than 10,000 square feet (929 m
2
).
2.
Establishments less than 10,000 square feet (929 m
2
) classified as Occupancy Group B or M pursuant to 
Sections 304.1 and 309.1 of the 
New York City Building Code
, respectively, p
rovided however that this 
exception shall not apply to a building or nonaccessory tenant space used for assembly purposes by fewer 
than 75 persons and classified as a Group B occupancy in accordance with Section 303.1.2 of the 
New York 
City Building Code
.
403.3.1 Access.
The route to the public toilet facilities required by Section 403.3 shall not pass through kitchens, 
storage rooms or closets. Access to the required facilities shall be from within the building or from the exterior of 
the building.
Routes
shall comply with the accessibility requirements of the 
New York City 
Building Code
. 
The 
public
shall have access to the required toilet facilities at all times that the building is occupied.
403.3.2 Prohibited toilet room location.
Toilet rooms shall not 
open directly into a room used for the preparation 
of food for service to the public.
403.3.3 Location of toilet facilities in occupancies other than malls.
In occupancies other than covered and open 
mall buildings, the required public and employee toilet facilities shall be located not more than one story above or 
below the space required to be provided with toilet facilities, and the path of travel to such f
acilities shall not exceed 
a distance of 500 feet (152 m).
Exception: 
The location and maximum
distances of travel to required employee facilities in factory and indus-
trial occupancies are permitted to exceed that required by this section, provided that th
e location and maximum 
distance of travel are approved.
403.3.4 Location of toilet facilities in malls.
In covered and open mall buildings, the required public and employee 
toilet facilities shall be located not more than one story above or below the space
required to be provided with toilet 
facilities, and the path of travel to such facilities shall not exceed a distance of 300 feet (91 m). In
mall buildings, 
the required facilities shall be based on total square footage within a covered mall building or w
ithin the perimeter 
line of an open mall building, and facilities shall be installed in each individual store or in a central toilet area 
located in accordance with this section. The maximum distance of travel to central toilet facilities in mall buildings
shall be measured from the main entrance of any store or tenant space. In
mall buildings, where employees’ toilet 
facilities are not provided in the individual store, the maximum distance of travel shall be measured from the em-
ployees’ work area of the st
ore or tenant space.
403.3.5 Pay facilities.
Where pay facilities are installed, such facilities shall be in excess of
the required minimum 
facilities. Required facilities shall be free of charge.
403.3.6 Door locking. 
Where a toilet room is provided for the use of multiple occupants, the egress door for the 
room shall not be lockable from the inside of the room. This sec
tion does not apply to family or assisted
-
use toilet 
rooms.
403.4 Signage.
Required public facilities shall be designated by a legible sign for each sex or, for a single
-
occupant 
toilet room, for all sexes. Signs shall be readily visible and located near t
he entrance to each toilet facility. Existing 
single
-
occupant toilet rooms shall comply with this requirement.
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
403.4.1 Directional signage.
Directional signage indicating the route to the required public toilet facilities shall be 
posted in 
accordance with
Section 1110 of the New York City Building Code. Such signage shall be located in 
a 
lobby, corridor, aisle or similar space, such that the sign can be readily seen from the main entrance to the 
building 
or tenant space
.
403.5 Drinking fountain location. 
D
rinking fountains shall not be required to be located in individual tenant spaces 
provided that public drinking fountains are located on each story within a distance of travel of 500 feet (152 m) of the 
most remote location in the tenant space on such stor
y. Where the tenant space is in a covered or open mall, such 
distance shall not exceed 300 feet (91 m). Drinking fountains shall be located on an accessible route.
SECTION 
PC
404
ACCESSIBLE PLUMBING FACILITIES
404.1 Where required.
Accessible plumbing faci
lities and fixtures shall be provided in accordance with the 
New 
York City 
Building Code
.
404.2 Accessible fixture requirements. 
Accessible plumbing fixtures shall be installed with the clearances, heights, 
spacings and arrangements in accordance with ICC 
A117.1.
404.3 Exposed pipes and surfaces. 
Water supply and drain pipes under accessible lavatories and sinks shall be cov-
ered or otherwise configured to protect against contact. Pipe coverings shall comply with ASME A112.18.9.
SECTION PC 405
INSTALLATION O
F FIXTURES
405.1 Water supply protection.
The supply lines and fittings for every plumbing fixture shall be installed so as to 
prevent backflow.
405.2 Access for cleaning.
Plumbing fixtures shall be installed so as to
afford easy access for cleaning both the fixture 
and the area around the fixture.
405.3 Setting.
Fixtures shall be set level and in proper alignment with reference to adjacent walls.
405.3.1 Water closets, urinals, lavatories and bidets.
A water closet, u
rinal, lavatory or bidet shall not be set 
closer than 15 inches (381 mm) from its center to any side wall, partition, vanity or other obstruction, or closer than 
30 inches (762 mm) center to center between adjacent fixtures. There shall be 
not less than
a 
21
-
inch (533 mm) 
clearance in front of the water closet, urinal, lavatory or bidet to any wall, fixture or door. Water closet compart-
ments shall be not less than 30 inches (762 mm) 
in width
and not less than 60 inches (1524 mm) in depth for floor
-
mounted w
ater closets and not less than 30 inches (762 mm) in width and 56 inches (1422 mm) in depth for wall
-
hung water closets.
405.3.2 Public lavatories.
In employee and public toilet rooms, the required lavatory shall be located in the same 
room as the required
water closet.
405.3.3 Location of fixtures and piping. 
Piping, fixtures or equipment shall not be located in such a manner as to 
interfere with the normal operation of windows, doors or other means of egress openings.
405.3.4 Water closet compartment. 
Eac
h water closet utilized by the public or employees shall occupy a separate 
compartment with walls or partitions and a door enclosing the fixtures to ensure privacy.
Exceptions:
1.
Water closet compartments shall not be required in a single
-
occupant toile
t room with a lockable door.
2.
Toilet rooms located in child day care facilities and containing two or more water closets shall be permitted 
to have one water closet without an enclosing compartment.
3.
Toilet areas located within Group I
-
3 housing areas.
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
405.3.5 Urinal partitions. 
Each urinal utilized by the public or employees shall occupy a separate area with walls 
or partitions to provide privacy. The walls or partitions shall begin at a height not greater than 12 inches (305 mm) 
from and extend not le
ss than 60 inches (1524 mm) above the finished floor surface. The walls or partitions shall 
extend from the wall surface at each side of the urinal not less than 18 inches (457 mm) or to a point not less than 
6 inches (152 mm) beyond the outermost front li
p of the urinal measured from the finished backwall surface, 
whichever is greater.
1.
Urinal partitions shall not be required in a single occupant or family/assisted
-
use toilet room with a lockable 
door.
2.
Toilet rooms located in child day care facilities
and containing two or more urinals shall be permitted to have 
one urinal without partitions.
405.4 Floor and wall drainage connections.
Connections between the drain and floor outlet plumbing fixtures shall 
be made with a floor flange or a waste connector and sealing gasket. The waste connector and sealing gasket joint 
shall comply with the joint tightness test of ASME A112.4.3 and shall b
e installed in accordance with the manufac-
turer’s instructions. The flange shall be attached to the drain and anchored to the structure. Connections between the 
drain and wall
-
hung water closets shall be made with an approved extension nipple or horn adapt
or. The water closet 
shall be bolted to the 
carrier
with corrosion
-
resistant bolts or screws. Joints shall be sealed with an approved elasto-
meric gasket, flange
-
to
-
fixture connection complying with ASME A112.4.3 or an approved setting compound.
405.4.1 Flo
or flanges.
Floor flanges for water closets or similar fixtures shall be not less than 0.125 inch (3.2 mm) 
thick for brass, 0.25 inch (6.4 mm) thick for plastic and 0.25 inch (6.4 mm) thick and not less than a 2
-
inch (51 
mm) caulking depth for cast
-
iron or
galvanized malleable iron.
Floor flanges of hard lead shall weigh not less than 1 pound, 9 ounces (0.7 kg) and shall be composed of lead 
alloy with not less than 7.75
-
percent antimony by weight. Closet screws and bolts shall be of brass. Flanges shall 
be 
secured to the building structure with corrosion
-
resistant screws or bolts.
405.4.2 Securing floor outlet fixtures.
Floor outlet fixtures shall be secured to the floor or floor flanges by screws 
or bolts of corrosion
-
resistant material.
405.4.3 
Securing wall
-
hung water closet bowls.
Wall
-
hung
water closet bowls shall be supported by a concealed 
metal carrier that is attached to the building 
structure
so that strain is not transmitted to the closet connector or any 
other part of the plumbing syste
m. The carrier shall conform to ASME A112.6.1M or ASME A112.6.2.
405.5 Water
-
tight joints.
Joints formed where fixtures come in contact with walls or floors shall be sealed.
405.6 Plumbing in mental health centers.
In mental health centers, pipes or traps 
shall not be exposed, and fixtures 
shall be bolted through walls.
405.7 Design of overflows.
Where any fixture is provided with an overflow, the waste shall be designed and installed 
so that standing water in the fixture will not rise in the overflow when 
the stopper is closed, and no water will remain 
in the overflow when the fixture is empty.
Exception:
Existing overflows for bath tubs utilizing standing wastes.
405.7.1 Connection of overflows.
The overflow from any fixture shall discharge into the draina
ge system on the 
inlet or fixture side of the trap.
Exception: 
The overflow from a flush tank serving a water closet or urinal shall discharge into the fixture 
served.
405.8 Slip joint connections.
Slip joints shall be made with an approved elastomeric gas
ket and shall only be installed 
on the trap outlet, trap inlet and within the trap seal. Fixtures with concealed slip joint connections shall be provided 
with an access panel or utility space
not less than
12 inches (305 mm) in its smallest dimension or ot
her approved 
arrangement so as to provide access to the slip joint connections for inspection and repair.
405.9 Design and installation of plumbing fixtures.
Integral fixture fitting mounting surfaces on manufactured 
plumbing fixtures or plumbing fixtures 
constructed on site shall meet the design requirements of 
ASME 
A11
2.19.2/CSA B45.1 or 
ASME A112.19.
3/CSA B45.4.
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
SECTION 
PC
406
AUTOMATIC CLOTHES WASHERS
406.1 Water connection. 
The water supply to an automatic clothes washer shall be protected against backflow by an 
air gap that is integral with the 
machine or 
a backflow preventer shall be installed in accordance with Section
608.
Air 
gaps shall comply with ASME A112.1.2 or A112.
1.3.
406.2 Waste connection.
The waste from an automatic clothes washer shall discharge through an air break into a 
standpipe in accordance with Section 802 or into a laundry sink. The trap and fixture drain for an automatic clothes 
washer standpipe shall 
be 
not less than
2 inches (51 mm) in diameter. The fixture drain for the standpipe serving an 
automatic clothes washer
shall connect to a 
3
-
inch
(76 mm) or larger diameter fixture branch, building drain, or stack. 
Automatic clothes washers that discharge b
y gravity shall be permitted to drain to a waste receptor or an approved 
trench drain.
SECTION 
PC 
407
BATHTUBS
407.1 Approval.
Bathtubs shall conform to 
ASME A112.19.1
/CSA B45.2, 
ASME A112.19.
2/CSA B45.1, 
ASME 
A112.19.3/
CSA B45.4, or CSA B45.5/IAPMO Z124.
407.2 Bathtub waste outlets and overflows. 
Bathtubs shall 
be equipped with a 
waste outlet and an overflow outlet. 
The outlets shall be connected to waste tubing or piping not less than 1
1
/
2
inches (38 mm) in diameter. The waste 
outlet shall be equipped wit
h a water
-
tight stopper.
407.3 Glazing.
Windows and doors within a bathtub enclosure shall conform to the safety glazing requirements of 
the 
New York City 
Building Code
.
407.4 Bathtub enclosure.
Doors 
in
a bathtub enclosure shall conform to ASME A112.19.15.
SECTION
PC
408
BIDETS
408.1 Approval.
Bidets shall conform to 
ASME A112.19.2/CSA B45.1.
408.2 Water connection.
The water supply to a bidet shall be protected against backflow by an air gap or backflow
preventer in accordance with Section 608.13.
408.3 Bidet water temperature.
The discharge water temperature from a bidet fitting shall be limited to a maximum 
temperature of 110°F (43°C) by a water temperature limiting device conforming to ASSE 1070 or CS
A B125.3.
SECTION
PC
409
DISHWASHING MACHINES
409.1 Approval.
Commercial dishwashing machines shall conform to ASSE 1004 and NSF 3. Commercial dishwash-
ing machines with integral gas
-
fired heating must be tested and evaluated in accordance with UL 921.
409.
2 Water connection.
The water supply to a dishwashing machine shall be protected against backflow by an air 
gap that is integral with the machine or a backflow preventer shall be installed in accordance with Section 608. Air 
gaps shall comply with ASME A11
2.1.2 or A112.1.3.
409.3 Waste connection.
The waste connection of a dishwashing machine shall comply with 
Section 802
.
SECTION
PC
410
DRINKING FOUNTAINS
410.1 Approval.
Drinking fountains shall conform to ASME A112.19.1/CSA B45.2
or ASME 
A112.19.2/CSA B45.1
and water coolers shall conform to AHRI 1010. Drinking fountains
and water coolers shall conform to 
NSF 61, 
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
Section 9 and ICC A117.1
. Drinking fountains 
required by Table 403.1 shall be equipped with both a bubbler faucet 
for 
drinking a
nd 
a separate faucet designed for filling a container at least 10 inches (254 mm)
in 
height.
Drinking 
fountains and water coolers shall comply with the lead requirements of Section 605.
410.2 Small occupancies. 
Drinking fountains shall not be required for 
an occupant load of 15 or fewer.
410.3 Required
drinking fountains.
Where water is served in restaurants, drinking fountains shall not be required. 
In other occupancies, where drinking fountains are required, up to 50 percent of required drinking fountains
con-
forming to Section 410.1 may be substituted by dedicated plumbing fixtures with faucets designed for filling a con-
tainer at least 10 inches (254 mm) in height, provided any such dedicated plumbing fixture is adjacent to or readily 
visible from the loca
tion of a drinking fountain conforming to Section 410.1. Bottled water dispensers shall not be 
substituted for required drinking fountains.
410.4 Prohibited location. 
Drinking fountains and plumbing fixtures with faucets permitted to be substituted for 
re
quired drinking fountains shall not be installed in public restrooms.
SECTION
PC
411
EMERGENCY SHOWERS AND EYEWASH STATIONS
411.1 Approval.
Emergency showers and eyewash stations shall conform to ISEA Z358.1.
411.2 Waste connection.
Waste 
connections shall not be required for emergency showers and eyewash stations.
SECTION 
PC
412
FLOOR AND TRENCH DRAINS
412.1 Approval.
Floor drains shall conform to ASME A112.3.1, ASME A112.6.3 or CSA B79. Trench drains shall 
comply with ASME A112.6.3.
412.2
Floor drains.
Floor drains shall have removable strainers.
The floor drain shall be constructed so that the drain 
is capable of being cleaned. Access shall be provided to the drain inlet. Ready access shall be provided to floor drains.
Exception: 
Floor dr
ains serving refrigerated display cases shall be provided with access.
412.3 Size of floor drains.
Floor drains shall have a drain outlet not less than 3 inches (76 mm) in diameter.
412.4 Public laundries and central washing facilities.
In public 
coin
-
operated laundries and in the central washing 
facilities of multiple
-
family dwellings, the rooms containing automatic clothes washers shall be provided with floor 
drains located to readily drain the entire floor area. Such drains shall have an outlet 
of not less than 3 inches (76 mm) 
in diameter
and be provided with lint strainers
.
SECTION 
PC
413
FOOD WASTE 
DISPOSER
UNITS
413.1 Approval.
Domestic food waste 
disposers
shall conform to ASSE 1008 and shall be listed and labeled in ac-
cordance with UL 430
.
Food waste 
disposers
shall not increase the drainage fixture unit load on the sanitary drainage 
system.
Food waste disposers
shall be permitted only within dwelling units.
413.2 Domestic food waste 
disposer
waste outlets.
The outlets of domestic food waste
disposers
shall be connected 
to a drain of not less than 
2 inches (
51 
mm) in diameter
.
413.3 Commercial food waste disposer units. 
Commercial food waste disposers shall be prohibited unless approved 
for use by the Department of Environmental Protection.
4
13.4 Water supply required.
Food
waste 
disposers
shall be provided with a supply of cold water.
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
SECTION
PC
414
GARBAGE CAN WASHERS
414.1 Water connection.
The water supply to a garbage can washer shall be protected against backflow by an air gap 
or a 
backflow preventer in accordance with Section 608.13.1, 608.13.2, 608.13.3, 608.13.5, 608.13.6 or 608.13.8.
414.2 Waste connection.
Garbage can washers shall be trapped separately. The receptacle receiving the waste from 
the washer shall have a removable b
asket or strainer to prevent the discharge of large particles into the drainage system.
SECTION 
PC
415
LAUNDRY TRAYS
415.1 Approval.
Laundry trays shall conform to ASME A112.19.1/CSA B45.2, ASME A112.19.2/CSA B45.1, 
ASME A119.19.3/CSA B45.4 or CSA B45.5/IA
PMO Z124.
415.2 Waste outlet.
Each compartment of a laundry tray shall be provided with a waste outlet not less than 1
1
/
2
inches 
(38 mm) in diameter and a strainer or crossbar to restrict the clear opening of the waste outlet.
SECTION PC 416
LAVATORIES
416
.1 Approval.
Lavatories shall conform to ASME A112.19.1/CSA B45.2, ASME A112.19.2/CSA B45.1, ASME 
A112.19.3/CSA B45.4 or CSA B45.5/IAPMO Z124. Group wash
-
up equipment shall conform to the requirements 
of Section 402. Every 20 inches (508 mm) of rim 
space shall be considered as one lavatory.
416.2 Cultured marble lavatories.
Cultured marble vanity tops with an integral lavatory shall conform to 
CSA 
B45.5/IAPMO Z124.
416.3 Lavatory waste outlets.
Lavatories shall have waste outlets not less than 
1
1
/
4
inches (32 mm) in diameter. A 
strainer, pop
-
up stopper, crossbar or other device shall be provided to restrict the clear opening of the waste outlet.
Where a stopper is utilized, a built
-
in overflow sh
all be provided.
416.4 Moveable lavatory systems.
Moveable lavatory systems shall comply with ASME A112.19.12.
416.5 Tempered water for public hand
-
washing facilities.
Tempered water shall be delivered from lavatories and 
group wash fixtures located in pub
lic 
toilet
facilities provided for customers, patrons and visitors. Tempered water 
shall be delivered through an approved water
-
temperature limiting device that conforms to 
ASSE 
1070.
Exception:
Where point of use heaters are installed, outlet water temper
ature shall be regulated to provide tempered 
water.
SECTION 
PC 
417
SHOWERS
417.1 Approval.
Prefabricated showers and shower compartments shall conform to ASME A112.19.2/CSA B45.1 
or CSA B45.5/IAPMO Z124. Shower valves for individual showers shall 
conform to the requirements of Section 
424.3.
417.2 Water supply riser.
Water supply risers from the shower valve to the shower head outlet, whether exposed or 
concealed, shall be attached to the structure. The attachment to the structure shall be made by 
the use of support 
devices designed for use with the specific piping material or by fittings anchored with screws.
417.3 Shower waste outlet.
Waste outlets serving showers shall be 
not less than 
2 inches (
51
mm) in diameter and, 
for other than waste outlet
s in bathtubs, shall have removable strainers not less than 3 inches (76 mm) in diameter 
with strainer openings not less than 
1
/
4
inch (6.4 mm) in 
least
dimension. Where each shower space is not provided 
with an individual waste outlet, the waste outlet sh
all be located and the floor pitched so that waste from one shower 
does not flow over the floor area serving another shower. Waste outlets shall be fastened to the waste pipe in an 
approved manner.
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
417.4 Shower compartments.
Shower
compartments shall 
be no
t less than
900 square inches (0.58 m
2
) 
in
interior 
cross
-
sectional
area. Shower compartments shall be not
less than 30 inches (762 mm) in 
least
dimension as measured 
from the finished interior dimension of the compartment, exclusive of fixture valves, showerheads, soap dishes and 
safety grab bars or rails. Except as required in Section
404, the minimum required area and dimension shall be meas-
ure
d from the finished interior dimension at a height equal to the top of the threshold and at a point tangent to its 
centerline and shall be continued to a height not less than 70 inches (1778 mm) above the shower drain outlet.
417.4.1 Floor and wall area.
B
athtub floors, shower floors, wall areas above built
-
in tubs 
that have
installed 
shower heads and walls in shower compartments shall be constructed of smooth, 
corrosion
-
resistant
and nonabsor-
bent waterproof materials. Wall materials shall extend to a heigh
t of not less than 6 feet (1829 mm) above the room 
floor level, and not less than 70 inches (1778 mm) 
above
the drain of the tub or shower. Such walls shall form a 
water
-
tight joint with each other and with either the tub or shower floor.
417.4.2 Access.
T
he shower compartment access and egress opening shall have a clear and unobstructed finished 
width of not less than 22 inches (559 mm). Shower compartments required to be designed in conformance to ac-
cessibility provisions shall comply with Section 404.1.
417.5 Shower floors or receptors.
Floor surfaces shall be constructed of impervious, noncorrosive, nonabsorbent and 
waterproof materials.
417.5.1 Support.
Floors or receptors under shower compartments shall be laid on, and supported by, a smooth and 
struct
urally sound base.
417.5.2 Shower lining.
Floors under shower compartments, except where prefabricated receptors have been pro-
vided, shall be lined and made water tight utilizing material complying with Sections 417.5.2.1 through 417.5.2.6. 
Such liners sha
ll turn up on all sides 
not less than
2 inches (51 mm) above the finished threshold level. Liners shall 
be recessed and fastened to an approved backing so as not to occupy the space required for wall covering, and shall 
not be nailed or perforated at any p
oint less than 1 inch (25 mm) above the finished threshold. Liners shall be 
pitched one
-
fourth unit vertical in 12 units horizontal (2
-
percent slope) and shall be sloped toward the fixture drains 
and be securely fastened to the waste outlet at the seepage 
entrance, making a water
-
tight joint between the liner 
and the outlet. The completed liner shall be tested in accordance with Section 312.9.
Exceptions:
1.
Floor surfaces under shower heads provided for rinsing laid directly on the ground are not required 
to 
comply with this section.
2.
Where a sheet
-
applied, load
-
bearing, bonded, waterproof membrane is installed as the shower lining, the 
membrane shall not be required to be recessed.
417.5.2.1 PVC sheets.
Plasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC) sheets shall m
eet the requirements of ASTM D 
4551. Sheets shall be joined by solvent welding in accordance with the manufacturer’s installation instructions.
417.5.2.2 Chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) sheets.
Nonplasticized chlorinated polyethylene sheet shall meet 
the re
quirements of ASTM D 4068. The liner shall be joined in accordance with the manufacturer’s installation 
instructions.
417.5.2.3 Sheet lead.
Sheet lead
shall weigh not less than 4 pounds per square foot (19.5 kg/m
2
) and shall be 
coated with an asphalt paint or other approved coating. The lead sheet shall be insulated from conducting sub-
stances other than the connecting drain by 15
-
pound (6.80 kg) asphalt
felt or 
an
equivalent. Sheet lead shall be 
joined by burning or soldering.
417.5.2.4 Sheet copper.
Sheet copper shall conform to ASTM B 152 and shall weigh not
less than 12 ounces 
per square foot (3.7 kg/m
2
). The copper sheet shall be insulated from condu
cting substances other than the 
connecting drain by 15
-
pound (6.80 kg) asphalt felt or 
an
equivalent. Sheet copper shall be joined by brazing or 
soldering.
417.5.2.5 Sheet
-
applied, load
-
bearing, bonded, waterproof membranes.
Sheet
-
applied, load
-
bearing, 
bo
nded, waterproof membranes shall meet requirements of ANSI A118.10 and shall be applied in accordance 
with the manufacturer’s installation instructions.
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
417.5.2.6 Liquid
-
type, trowel
-
applied, load
-
bearing, bonded waterproof materials. 
Liquid
-
type, trowel
-
a
p-
plied, load
-
bearing, bonded waterproof materials shall meet the requirements of ANSI A118.10 and shall be 
applied in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
417.6 Glazing.
Windows and doors within a shower enclosure shall conform to the safety gl
azing requirements of the 
New York City 
Building Code
.
SECTION 
PC 
418
SINKS
418.1 Approval.
Sinks shall conform to ASME A112.19.1/CSA B45.2, ASME A112.19.2/CSA B45.1, ASME 
A112.19.3/CSA B45.4 or CSA B45.5/IAPMO Z124.
418.2 Sink waste outlets.
Sinks shall be provided with waste outlets having a diameter not less than 
1
1
/
2
inches (38 
mm).
A strainer or crossbar shall be provided to restrict the clear opening of the waste outlet.
418.3 Moveable sink systems.
Moveable sink systems shall 
comply with ASME A112.19.12.
SECTION 
PC
419
URINALS
419.1 Approval.
Urinals shall conform to ASME A112.19.2/CSA B45.1, ASME A112.19.19 or CSA B45.5/IAPMO 
Z124. Urinals shall conform to the water consumption requirements of Section 604.4. Water
-
supplied uri
nals shall 
conform to the hydraulic performance requirements of ASME A112.19.2/CSA B45.1 or CSA B45.5/IAPMO Z124.
419.2 Substitution for water closets.
In each bathroom or toilet room, urinals shall not be substituted for more than 
50 percent
of the requir
ed water closets.
419.3 Surrounding material.
Wall and floor space to a point 2 feet (610 mm) in front of a urinal lip and 4 feet (1219 
mm) above the floor and at least 2 feet (610 mm) to each side of the urinal shall be waterproofed with a smooth, 
readily
cleanable, nonabsorbent material.
419.4 Waterless urinals.
Approved waterless urinals may be utilized only as part of an approved building water 
conservation plan prepared in accordance with the rules of the department.
SECTION 
PC 
420
WATER CLOSETS
420.1 
Approval.
Water closets shall conform to the water consumption requirements of Section 604.4 and shall con-
form to 
ASME A112.19.2/CSA B45.1
, ASME A112.19.3/CSA B45.4 or CSA B45.5/IAPMO Z124. Water closets 
shall conform to the hydraulic performance requireme
nts of ASME A112.19.2/CSAB45.1. Water closet tanks shall 
conform to 
ASME A112.19.2/CSA B45.1, 
ASME A112.19.3/CSA B45.4 or CSA B45.5/IAPMO Z124. Electro
-
hy-
draulic water closets shall comply with 
ASME 
A112.19.2/CSA B45.1. Water closets equipped with a 
dual flushing 
device shall comply with ASME A112.19.14.
420.2 Water closets for public or employee toilet facilities.
Water closet bowls for public or employee toilet facili-
ties shall be of the elongated type.
420.3 Water closet seats.
Water closets shall 
be equipped with seats of smooth, nonabsorbent material. All seats of 
water closets provided for public or employee toilet facilities shall be of the hinged open
-
front type. Integral water 
closet seats shall be of the same material as the fixture. Water cl
oset seats shall be sized for the water closet bowl type.
420.4 Water closet connections.
A 4
-
inch by 3
-
inch (102 mm by 76 mm) closet bend shall be acceptable. Where a 
3
-
inch (76 mm) bend is utilized on water closets, a 4
-
inch by 3
-
inch (102 mm by 76 mm) f
lange shall be installed to 
receive the fixture horn
.
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
420.5 Water closets for children’s use.
In nurseries, schools, and similar places where plumbing fixtures are pro-
vided for the use of children under 6 years of age, such water closets shall be of a size
and height suitable for the 
children’s use.
SECTION 
PC 
421
WHIRLPOOL BATHTUBS
421.1 Approval.
Whirlpool bathtubs shall comply with 
ASME A112.19.7/CSAz B45.10 and shall be listed and la-
beled in accordance with UL 1795.
421.2 Installation.
Whirlpool bathtub
s shall be installed and tested in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. 
The pump shall be located above the weir of the fixture trap.
421.3 Drain.
The pump drain and circulation piping shall be sloped to drain the water in the volute and the ci
rculation 
piping when the whirlpool bathtub is empty.
421.4 Suction fittings.
Suction fittings for whirlpool bathtubs shall comply with ASME A112.19.7/CSA B45.10.
421.5 Access to pump.
Access shall be provided to circulation pumps in accordance with the fi
xture or pump manu-
facturer’s installation instructions. Where the manufacturer’s instructions do not specify the location and minimum 
size of field
-
fabricated access openings, an opening not less than 12 inches by 12 inches (305 mm by 305 mm) shall 
be inst
alled to provide access to the circulation pump. Where pumps are located more than 2 feet (609 mm) from the 
access opening, an opening not less than 18 inches by 18 inches (457 mm by 457 mm) shall be installed. A door or 
panel shall be permitted to close t
he opening. In all cases, the access opening shall be unobstructed and of the size 
necessary to permit the removal and replacement of the circulation pump.
421.6 Whirlpool enclosure.
Doors within a whirlpool enclosure shall conform to ASME 
A112.19.15.
SECTION 
PC 
422
HEALTH CARE FIXTURES AND EQUIPMENT
422.1 Scope.
This section shall govern those aspects of health care plumbing systems that differ from plumbing sys-
tems in other structures. Health care plumbing systems shall conform to the requ
irements of this section in addition to 
the other requirements of this code. The provisions of this section shall apply to the special devices and equipment 
installed and maintained in the following occupancies: hospitals, nursing homes, homes for the aged
, orphanages, 
infirmaries, first aid stations, psychiatric facilities, clinics, professional offices of dentists and doctors, mortuaries, 
educational facilities, surgery, dentistry, research and testing laboratories, establishments manufacturing pharmaceu-
t
ical drugs and medicines
,
animal care facilities, and other structures with similar apparatus and equipment classified 
as plumbing.
422.2 Approval.
All special plumbing fixtures, equipment, devices, assemblies and apparatus shall be of an approved 
type.
42
2.3 Protection.
All devices, appurtenances, appliances and apparatus intended to serve some special function, such 
as sterilization, distillation, processing, cooling, or storage of ice or foods, and that connect to either the water supply 
or drainage syst
em, shall be provided with protection against backflow, flooding, fouling, contamination of the water 
supply system and stoppage of the drain.
422.4 Materials.
Fixtures designed for therapy, special cleansing or disposal of waste materials, combinations of
such 
purposes, or any other special purpose, shall be of smooth, impervious, corrosion
-
resistant materials and, where sub-
jected to temperatures in excess of 180°F (82°C), shall be capable of withstanding, without damage, higher tempera-
tures.
422.5 Access.
Access shall be provided to concealed piping in connection with special fixtures where such piping 
contains steam traps, valves, relief valves, check valves, vacuum breakers or other similar items that require periodic 
inspection, servicing, maintenance o
r repair. Access shall be provided to concealed piping that requires periodic in-
spection, maintenance or repair.
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
422.6 Clinical sink.
A clinical sink shall have an integral trap in which the upper portion of a visible trap seal provides 
a water surface. Th
e fixture shall be designed so as to permit complete removal of the contents by siphonic or blowout 
action and to reseal the trap. A flushing rim shall provide water to cleanse the interior surface. The fixture shall have 
the flushing and cleansing charact
eristics of a water closet.
422.7 Prohibited usage of clinical sinks and service sinks.
A clinical sink serving a soiled utility room shall not be 
considered as a substitute for, or be utilized as, a service sink. A service sink shall not be utilized for t
he disposal of 
urine, fecal matter or other human waste
.
422.8 Ice prohibited in soiled utility room.
Machines for manufacturing ice, or any device for the handling or storage 
of ice, shall not be located in a soiled utility room.
422.9 
Sterilizer equipment requirements.
The approval and installation of all sterilizers shall conform to the re-
quirements of the 
New York City 
Mechanical Code
.
422.9.1 Sterilizer piping.
Access
for the purposes of inspection and maintenance shall be provided t
o all sterilizer 
piping and devices necessary for the operation of sterilizers.
422.9.2 Steam supply.
Steam supplies to sterilizers, including those connected by pipes from overhead mains or 
branches, shall be drained to prevent any moisture from reaching 
the sterilizer. The condensate drainage from the 
steam supply shall be discharged by gravity.
422.9.3 Steam condensate return.
Steam condensate returns from sterilizers shall be a gravity return system.
422.9.4 Condensers.
Pressure sterilizers shall be equ
ipped with a means of condensing and cooling the exhaust 
steam vapors. Nonpressure sterilizers shall be equipped with a device that will automatically control the vapor, 
confining the vapors within the vessel.
422.10 Special elevations. 
Control valves, vac
uum outlets and devices protruding from a wall of an operating, emer-
gency, recovery, examining or delivery room, or in a corridor or other location where patients are transported on a 
wheeled stretcher, shall be located at an elevation that prevents bumpin
g the patient or stretcher against the device.
SECTION 
PC 
423
SPECIALTY PLUMBING FIXTURES
423.1 Water connections.
Baptisteries, ornamental and lily pools, aquariums, ornamental fountain basins, swimming 
pools, and similar constructions, where 
provided with water supplies, shall be protected against backflow in accord-
ance with Section 608.
423.2 Approval.
Specialties requiring water and waste connections shall be submitted for approval.
423.3 Footbaths, pedicure baths and head shampoo sinks. 
The
water supplied to specialty plumbing fixtures, such 
as pedicure chairs having an integral foot bathtub, footbaths, and head shampoo sinks, shall be limited to a maximum 
temperature of 120°F (49°C) by a water temperature limiting device that conforms to AS
SE 1070 or CSA B125.3.
SECTION 
PC 
424
FAUCETS AND OTHER FIXTURE FITTINGS
424.1 Approval.
Faucets and fixture fittings shall conform to ASME A112.18.1/CSA B125.1. Faucets and fixture 
fittings that supply drinking water for human ingestion shall conform to t
he requirements of NSF 61, 
section
9. Flex-
ible water connectors exposed to continuous pressure shall conform to the requirements of Section 605.6.
424.1.1 Faucets and supply fittings.
Faucets and supply fittings shall conform to the water consumption requi
re-
ments of Section 604.4.
424.1.2 Waste fittings.
Waste fittings shall conform to ASME A112.18.2/CSA B125.2, ASTM F 409 or to one of 
the standards listed in Tables 702.1 and 702.4 for 
aboveground
drainage and vent pipe and fittings.
424.1.3 Lavatory operat
ion without external electrical power.
Where automatic lavatory faucets connected to 
an external supply of electrical power are provided in a bathroom or toilet room, at least one lavatory faucet in such 
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
bathroom or toilet room shall be capable of normal o
peration in the absence of an external supply of electrical 
power for a period of at least two weeks, either through manual operation or built
-
in battery back
-
up. Where such 
automatic lavatory faucets are located in a bathroom or toilet room with a require
d accessible lavatory, such oper-
ational lavatory faucet shall be at such required accessible lavatory.
Exception:
Section 424.1.3 shall not apply to more than one bathroom or toilet room in a dwelling unit.
424.2 Hand showers.
Hand
-
held showers shall confo
rm to ASME A112.18.1/CSA B125.1. Hand
-
held showers shall 
provide backflow protection in accordance with ASME A112.18.1/CSA B125.1 or shall be protected against backflow 
by a device complying with ASME A112.18.3.
424.3 Individual shower valves.
Individual s
hower and 
tub
-
shower
combination valves shall be balanced
-
pressure, 
thermostatic or combination balanced
-
pressure/thermostatic valves that conform to the requirements of ASSE 
1016/ASME A112.1016/CSA B125.16 or ASME A112.18.1/CSA B125.1 and shall be install
ed at the point of use. 
Shower
and tub
-
shower
combination valves required by this section shall be equipped with a means to limit the max-
imum setting of the valve to 120°F (49°C), which shall be field adjusted in accordance with the manufacturer’s in-
struct
ions. In
-
line thermostatic valves shall not be utilized for compliance with this section.
424.4 Multiple (gang) showers.
Multiple (gang) showers supplied with a single
-
tempered water supply pipe shall 
have the water supply for such showers controlled by an
approved 
automatic temperature control mixing valve that 
conforms to ASSE 1069 or CSA B125.3, or each shower head shall be individually controlled by a balanced
-
pressure, 
thermostatic or combination 
balanced
-
pressure/thermostatic valve that conforms to ASSE 1016/ASME 
A112.1016/CSA B125.16
or 
ASME A112.18.1/CSA B125.1 and is installed at the point of use. Such valves shall be 
equipped with a means to limit the maximum setting of the valve to 120°F (49°
C), which shall be field adjusted in 
accordance with the manufacturers’ instructions.
424.5 Bathtub and whirlpool bathtub valves.
The hot water supplied to bathtubs and whirlpool bathtubs, including 
bathtubs equipped with hand
-
held showers, shall be limite
d to a maximum temperature of 120°F (49°C) by a water
-
temperature limiting device that conforms to 
ASSE 1
070 or CSA B125.3, except where such protection is otherwise 
provided by a combination tub/shower valve in accordance with Section 424.3.
424.6 Hose
-
co
nnected outlets.
Faucets and fixture fittings with hose
-
connected outlets shall conform to ASME 
A112.18.3 or ASME A112.18.1/CSA B125.1.
424.7 Temperature
-
actuated, flow reduction valves for individual fixture fittings.
Temperature
-
actuated, flow 
reduction 
devices, where installed for individual fixture fittings, shall conform to ASSE 1062. Such valves shall not 
be used alone as a substitute for the balanced
-
pressure, thermostatic or combination shower valves required in Section 
424.3.
424.8 Transfer valves.
Deck
-
mounted bath/shower transfer valves containing an integral atmospheric vacuum 
breaker shall conform to the requirements of ASME A112.18.1/CSA B125.1.
424.9 Water closet personal hygiene devices. 
Personal hygiene devices integral to water closets or w
ater closet seats 
shall conform to the requirements of ASME A112.4.2.
SECTION 
PC 
425
FLUSHING DEVICES FOR WATER CLOSETS AND URINALS
425.1 Flushing devices required.
Each water closet, urinal, clinical sink and any plumbing fixture that depends on 
trap siph
onage to discharge the fixture contents to the drainage system shall be provided with a flushometer valve, 
flushometer tank or a flush tank designed and installed to supply water in quantity and rate of flow to flush the contents 
of the fixture, cleanse th
e fixture and refill the fixture trap.
425.1.1 Separate for each fixture.
A flushing device shall not serve more than one fixture
.
425.
1.2 Water closet flushing without external electrical power.
Where automatic flushing devices connected to an 
external supply of electrical power are provided for water closets in a bathroom or toilet room, the flushing device of at 
least one water closet in such bathroom or toilet room shall be capable of normal o
peration in the absence of an external 
supply of electrical power for a period of at least two weeks, either through manual operation or built
-
in battery back
-
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
up. Where such automatic flushing devices are located in a bathroom or toilet room with a require
d accessible water 
closet, such operational flushing device shall be at such required accessible water closet. 
Exception:
Section 425.1.2 shall not apply to more than one bathroom or toilet room in a dwelling unit.
425.2 Flushometer valves and tanks.
Flushometer valves and tanks shall comply with ASSE 1037 or CSA B125.3
.
Vacuum breakers on flushometer valves shall conform to
the performance requirements of ASSE 1001 or 
CSA 
B64.1.1
. Access
shall be provided to vacuum breakers. Flushometer valves shall be of the water conservation type 
and shall not be 
used
where the water pressure is lower than the minimum required for normal 
operation. When 
operated, the valve shall automatically complete the cycle of operation, opening fully and closing positively under the 
water supply pressure. Each flushometer valve shall be provided with a means for regulating the flow through the 
valve. 
The trap seal to the fixture shall be automatically refilled after each flushing cycle.
425.3 Flush tanks.
Flush tanks equipped for manual flushing shall be controlled by a device designed to refill the 
tank after each discharge and to shut off completely 
the water flow to the tank when the tank is filled to operational 
capacity. The trap seal to the fixture shall be automatically refilled after each flushing. The water supply to flush tanks 
equipped for automatic flushing shall be controlled with a timing 
device or sensor control devices.
425.3.1 Fill valves.
Flush
tanks shall be equipped with an antisiphon fill valve conforming to ASSE 1002 or CSA 
B125.3. The fill valve backflow preventer shall be located 
not less than
1 inch (25 mm) above the full opening
of 
the overflow pipe.
425.3.2 Overflows in flush tanks.
Flush tanks shall be provided with overflows discharging to the water closet or 
urinal connected thereto and shall be sized to prevent flooding the tank at the maximum rate at which the tanks are 
supplied with water according to the manufacturer’s design conditions. The opening of the overflow pipe shall be 
located above the flood level rim of the water closet or urinal or above a secondary overflow in the flush tank.
425.3.3 Sheet copper.
Sheet co
pper utilized for flush tank linings shall conform to ASTM B 152 and shall not 
weigh less than 10 ounces per square foot (0.03 kg/m
2
).
425.3.4 Access required.
All parts in a flush tank shall be accessible for repair and replacement.
425.4 Flush pipes and 
fittings.
Flush pipes and fittings shall be of nonferrous material and shall conform to ASME 
A112.19.5/CSA B45.15.
SECTION 
PC
426
MANUAL FOOD AND BEVERAGE DISPENSING EQUIPMENT
426.1 Approval.
Manual food and beverage dispensing equipment shall conform to t
he requirements of NSF 18.
SECTION 
PC 
427
FLOOR SINKS
427.1 Approval.
Sanitary floor sinks shall conform to the requirements of ASME A112.6.7.
SECTION PC 428
PROHIBITED WATER USES
428.1 Prohibited potable water uses.
Potable water shall not be permitted fo
r those uses prohibited by this section. 
428.1.1 Potable water prohibited for once through cooling.
Potable water shall not be used for once
-
through 
cooling. Equipment such as ice making machines, walk
-
in coolers, refrigerated walk
-
in boxes, or air 
conditioning 
equipment shall be provided with air cooled condensers or recirculating condenser water systems.
Exceptions:
1.
Once
-
through water
-
cooled ice making machines producing less than 500 pounds (227 kg) of ice per day 
at Standard Rating Conditions 
as specified in AHRI 810.
FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS
2.
Once
-
through water
-
cooled ice making machines, walk
-
in coolers, refrigerated walk
-
in boxes or air con-
ditioning equipment supplied with potable water through piping systems installed prior to January 1, 2011 
and any subsequent r
eplacements that use the same or lesser amount of potable water and are installed in 
accordance with RCNY Title 15 Chapter 20 Section 20
-
06.
3.
Use of once
-
through cooling may be permitted for temporary emergency conditions where approved by 
the commission
er.
SECTION PC 429
ROOFTOP GARDENS AND LANDSCAPING
429.1 Water supply. 
Where a connection to an approved water supply is required by Section 318.5 of the 
New York 
City Fire Code
for rooftop gardens or landscaping exceeding 250 square feet (23 m
2
), an appro
ved fixture shall be 
provided for connection to such water supply in accordance with this code.