"""Plotting functions for 1D, 2D, and map visualizations."""

import io
import os
from typing import Optional, Dict, Any, Tuple, Literal
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.colors as mcolors
from matplotlib.figure import Figure
from matplotlib.axes import Axes
import xarray as xr

try:
    import cartopy.crs as ccrs
    import cartopy.feature as cfeature
    HAS_CARTOPY = True
except ImportError:
    HAS_CARTOPY = False

from .utils import identify_coordinates, get_crs, is_geographic, format_value


def setup_matplotlib():
    """Setup matplotlib with non-interactive backend."""
    plt.switch_backend('Agg')
    plt.style.use('default')


def plot_1d(da: xr.DataArray, x_dim: Optional[str] = None, **style) -> Figure:
    """
    Create a 1D line plot.
    
    Args:
        da: Input DataArray (should be 1D or have only one varying dimension)
        x_dim: Dimension to use as x-axis (auto-detected if None)
        **style: Style parameters (color, linewidth, etc.)
        
    Returns:
        matplotlib Figure
    """
    setup_matplotlib()
    
    # Find the appropriate dimension for x-axis
    if x_dim is None:
        # Find the first dimension with more than 1 element
        for dim in da.dims:
            if da.sizes[dim] > 1:
                x_dim = dim
                break
        
        if x_dim is None:
            raise ValueError("No suitable dimension found for 1D plot")
    
    if x_dim not in da.dims:
        raise ValueError(f"Dimension '{x_dim}' not found in DataArray")
    
    # Create the figure
    fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(10, 6))
    
    # Get data for plotting
    x_data = da.coords[x_dim]
    y_data = da
    
    # Plot the data
    line_style = {
        'color': style.get('color', 'blue'),
        'linewidth': style.get('linewidth', 1.5),
        'linestyle': style.get('linestyle', '-'),
        'marker': style.get('marker', ''),
        'markersize': style.get('markersize', 4),
        'alpha': style.get('alpha', 1.0)
    }
    
    ax.plot(x_data, y_data, **line_style)
    
    # Set labels
    ax.set_xlabel(f"{x_dim} ({x_data.attrs.get('units', '')})")
    ax.set_ylabel(f"{da.name or 'Value'} ({da.attrs.get('units', '')})")
    
    # Set title
    title = da.attrs.get('long_name', da.name or 'Data')
    ax.set_title(title)
    
    # Add grid if requested
    if style.get('grid', True):
        ax.grid(True, alpha=0.3)
    
    # Handle time axis formatting
    if 'time' in x_dim.lower() or x_data.dtype.kind == 'M':
        fig.autofmt_xdate()
    
    plt.tight_layout()
    return fig


def plot_2d(da: xr.DataArray, kind: Literal["image", "contour"] = "image", 
           x_dim: Optional[str] = None, y_dim: Optional[str] = None, **style) -> Figure:
    """
    Create a 2D plot (image or contour).
    
    Args:
        da: Input DataArray (should be 2D)
        kind: Plot type ('image' or 'contour')
        x_dim, y_dim: Dimensions to use for axes
        **style: Style parameters
        
    Returns:
        matplotlib Figure
    """
    setup_matplotlib()
    
    # Auto-detect dimensions if not provided
    if x_dim is None or y_dim is None:
        coords = identify_coordinates(da)
        if x_dim is None:
            x_dim = coords.get('X', da.dims[-1])  # Default to last dimension
        if y_dim is None:
            y_dim = coords.get('Y', da.dims[-2])  # Default to second-to-last dimension
    
    if x_dim not in da.dims or y_dim not in da.dims:
        raise ValueError(f"Dimensions {x_dim}, {y_dim} not found in DataArray")
    
    # Transpose to get (y, x) order for plotting
    da_plot = da.transpose(y_dim, x_dim)
    
    # Create figure
    fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(10, 8))
    
    # Get coordinates
    x_coord = da.coords[x_dim]
    y_coord = da.coords[y_dim]
    
    # Set up colormap
    cmap = style.get('cmap', 'viridis')
    if isinstance(cmap, str):
        cmap = plt.get_cmap(cmap)
    
    # Set up normalization
    vmin = style.get('vmin', float(da.min().values))
    vmax = style.get('vmax', float(da.max().values))
    norm = mcolors.Normalize(vmin=vmin, vmax=vmax)
    
    if kind == "image":
        # Use imshow for regular grids
        im = ax.imshow(da_plot.values, 
                      extent=[float(x_coord.min()), float(x_coord.max()), 
                             float(y_coord.min()), float(y_coord.max())],
                      aspect='auto', origin='lower', cmap=cmap, norm=norm)
    
    elif kind == "contour":
        # Use contourf for contour plots
        levels = style.get('levels', 20)
        if isinstance(levels, int):
            levels = np.linspace(vmin, vmax, levels)
        
        X, Y = np.meshgrid(x_coord, y_coord)
        im = ax.contourf(X, Y, da_plot.values, levels=levels, cmap=cmap, norm=norm)
        
        # Add contour lines if requested
        if style.get('contour_lines', False):
            cs = ax.contour(X, Y, da_plot.values, levels=levels, colors='k', linewidths=0.5)
            ax.clabel(cs, inline=True, fontsize=8)
    
    # Add colorbar
    if style.get('colorbar', True):
        cbar = plt.colorbar(im, ax=ax)
        cbar.set_label(f"{da.name or 'Value'} ({da.attrs.get('units', '')})")
    
    # Set labels
    ax.set_xlabel(f"{x_dim} ({x_coord.attrs.get('units', '')})")
    ax.set_ylabel(f"{y_dim} ({y_coord.attrs.get('units', '')})")
    
    # Set title
    title = da.attrs.get('long_name', da.name or 'Data')
    ax.set_title(title)
    
    plt.tight_layout()
    return fig


def plot_map(da: xr.DataArray, proj: str = "PlateCarree", **style) -> Figure:
    """
    Create a map plot with cartopy.
    
    Args:
        da: Input DataArray with geographic coordinates
        proj: Map projection name
        **style: Style parameters
        
    Returns:
        matplotlib Figure
    """
    if not HAS_CARTOPY:
        raise ImportError("Cartopy is required for map plotting")
    
    setup_matplotlib()
    
    # Check if data is geographic
    if not is_geographic(da):
        raise ValueError("DataArray does not appear to have geographic coordinates")
    
    # Get coordinate information
    coords = identify_coordinates(da)
    if 'X' not in coords or 'Y' not in coords:
        raise ValueError("Could not identify longitude/latitude coordinates")
    
    lon_dim = coords['X']
    lat_dim = coords['Y']
    
    # Set up projection
    proj_map = {
        'PlateCarree': ccrs.PlateCarree(),
        'Robinson': ccrs.Robinson(),
        'Mollweide': ccrs.Mollweide(),
        'Orthographic': ccrs.Orthographic(),
        'NorthPolarStereo': ccrs.NorthPolarStereo(),
        'SouthPolarStereo': ccrs.SouthPolarStereo(),
        'Miller': ccrs.Miller(),
        'InterruptedGoodeHomolosine': ccrs.InterruptedGoodeHomolosine()
    }
    
    if proj not in proj_map:
        proj = 'PlateCarree'  # Default fallback
    
    projection = proj_map[proj]
    
    # Create figure with cartopy
    fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(12, 8), 
                          subplot_kw={'projection': projection})
    
    # Transpose to get (lat, lon) order
    da_plot = da.transpose(lat_dim, lon_dim)
    
    # Get coordinates
    lons = da.coords[lon_dim].values
    lats = da.coords[lat_dim].values
    
    # Set up colormap and normalization
    cmap = style.get('cmap', 'viridis')
    if isinstance(cmap, str):
        cmap = plt.get_cmap(cmap)
    
    vmin = style.get('vmin', float(da.min().values))
    vmax = style.get('vmax', float(da.max().values))
    
    # Create plot
    plot_type = style.get('plot_type', 'pcolormesh')
    
    if plot_type == 'contourf':
        levels = style.get('levels', 20)
        if isinstance(levels, int):
            levels = np.linspace(vmin, vmax, levels)
        im = ax.contourf(lons, lats, da_plot.values, levels=levels, 
                        cmap=cmap, transform=ccrs.PlateCarree())
    else:
        im = ax.pcolormesh(lons, lats, da_plot.values, cmap=cmap,
                          transform=ccrs.PlateCarree(), 
                          vmin=vmin, vmax=vmax, shading='auto')
    
    # Add map features
    if style.get('coastlines', True):
        ax.coastlines(resolution='50m', color='black', linewidth=0.5)
    
    if style.get('borders', False):
        ax.add_feature(cfeature.BORDERS, linewidth=0.5)
    
    if style.get('ocean', False):
        ax.add_feature(cfeature.OCEAN, color='lightblue', alpha=0.5)
    
    if style.get('land', False):
        ax.add_feature(cfeature.LAND, color='lightgray', alpha=0.5)
    
    # Add gridlines
    if style.get('gridlines', True):
        gl = ax.gridlines(draw_labels=True, alpha=0.5)
        gl.top_labels = False
        gl.right_labels = False
    
    # Set extent if specified
    if 'extent' in style:
        ax.set_extent(style['extent'], crs=ccrs.PlateCarree())
    else:
        ax.set_global()
    
    # Add colorbar
    if style.get('colorbar', True):
        cbar = plt.colorbar(im, ax=ax, orientation='horizontal', 
                           pad=0.05, shrink=0.8)
        cbar.set_label(f"{da.name or 'Value'} ({da.attrs.get('units', '')})")
    
    # Set title
    title = da.attrs.get('long_name', da.name or 'Data')
    ax.set_title(title, pad=20)
    
    plt.tight_layout()
    return fig


def export_fig(fig: Figure, fmt: Literal["png", "svg", "pdf"] = "png", 
              dpi: int = 150, out_path: Optional[str] = None) -> str:
    """
    Export a figure to file or return as bytes.
    
    Args:
        fig: matplotlib Figure
        fmt: Output format
        dpi: Resolution for raster formats
        out_path: Output file path (if None, returns bytes)
        
    Returns:
        File path or bytes
    """
    if out_path is None:
        # Return as bytes
        buf = io.BytesIO()
        fig.savefig(buf, format=fmt, dpi=dpi, bbox_inches='tight')
        buf.seek(0)
        return buf.getvalue()
    else:
        # Save to file
        fig.savefig(out_path, format=fmt, dpi=dpi, bbox_inches='tight')
        return out_path


def create_subplot_figure(n_plots: int, ncols: int = 2) -> Tuple[Figure, np.ndarray]:
    """Create a figure with multiple subplots."""
    nrows = (n_plots + ncols - 1) // ncols
    fig, axes = plt.subplots(nrows, ncols, figsize=(6*ncols, 4*nrows))
    
    if n_plots == 1:
        axes = np.array([axes])
    elif nrows == 1:
        axes = axes.reshape(1, -1)
    
    # Hide unused subplots
    for i in range(n_plots, nrows * ncols):
        axes.flat[i].set_visible(False)
    
    return fig, axes


def add_statistics_text(ax: Axes, da: xr.DataArray, x: float = 0.02, y: float = 0.98):
    """Add statistics text to a plot."""
    stats = [
        f"Min: {float(da.min().values):.3g}",
        f"Max: {float(da.max().values):.3g}",
        f"Mean: {float(da.mean().values):.3g}",
        f"Std: {float(da.std().values):.3g}"
    ]
    
    text = '\n'.join(stats)
    ax.text(x, y, text, transform=ax.transAxes, 
           bbox=dict(boxstyle='round', facecolor='white', alpha=0.8),
           verticalalignment='top', fontsize=8)