"""Request middleware: ID generation, logging, error handling, metrics, rate limiting."""

from __future__ import annotations

import time
import uuid
from collections import defaultdict, deque

import structlog
from starlette.middleware.base import BaseHTTPMiddleware, RequestResponseEndpoint
from starlette.requests import Request
from starlette.responses import JSONResponse, Response

from agent_bench.core.provider import ProviderRateLimitError, ProviderTimeoutError

logger = structlog.get_logger()


class MetricsCollector:
    """In-process metrics. Resets on restart."""

    def __init__(self, maxlen: int = 1000) -> None:
        self.latencies: deque[float] = deque(maxlen=maxlen)
        self.requests_total: int = 0
        self.errors_total: int = 0
        self.total_cost_usd: float = 0.0

    def record(self, latency_ms: float, cost_usd: float = 0.0, error: bool = False) -> None:
        self.latencies.append(latency_ms)
        self.requests_total += 1
        self.total_cost_usd += cost_usd
        if error:
            self.errors_total += 1

    def percentile(self, p: float) -> float:
        if not self.latencies:
            return 0.0
        sorted_latencies = sorted(self.latencies)
        idx = int(len(sorted_latencies) * p / 100)
        idx = min(idx, len(sorted_latencies) - 1)
        return sorted_latencies[idx]

    @property
    def avg_cost(self) -> float:
        if self.requests_total == 0:
            return 0.0
        return self.total_cost_usd / self.requests_total


class RateLimitMiddleware(BaseHTTPMiddleware):
    """In-memory sliding window rate limiter, per client IP."""

    EXEMPT_PATHS = {"/health", "/metrics"}

    def __init__(self, app: object, requests_per_minute: int = 10) -> None:
        super().__init__(app)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
        self.rpm = requests_per_minute
        self.windows: dict[str, list[float]] = defaultdict(list)

    async def dispatch(self, request: Request, call_next: RequestResponseEndpoint) -> Response:
        if request.url.path in self.EXEMPT_PATHS:
            return await call_next(request)

        client_ip = request.client.host if request.client else "unknown"
        now = time.time()
        window_start = now - 60

        # Prune timestamps outside the window
        self.windows[client_ip] = [
            t for t in self.windows[client_ip] if t > window_start
        ]

        if len(self.windows[client_ip]) >= self.rpm:
            retry_after = max(1, int(60 - (now - self.windows[client_ip][0])))
            logger.warning("rate_limited",
                           client_ip=client_ip,
                           requests_in_window=len(self.windows[client_ip]))
            return JSONResponse(
                status_code=429,
                content={"error": "Rate limit exceeded", "retry_after": retry_after},
                headers={"Retry-After": str(retry_after)},
            )

        self.windows[client_ip].append(now)
        return await call_next(request)


class RequestMiddleware(BaseHTTPMiddleware):
    """Adds request ID, timing, structured logging, and error handling."""

    async def dispatch(self, request: Request, call_next: RequestResponseEndpoint) -> Response:
        request_id = str(uuid.uuid4())
        request.state.request_id = request_id
        start = time.perf_counter()

        try:
            response = await call_next(request)
            latency_ms = (time.perf_counter() - start) * 1000

            response.headers["X-Request-ID"] = request_id

            logger.info(
                "request_completed",
                method=request.method,
                path=str(request.url.path),
                status=response.status_code,
                latency_ms=round(latency_ms, 2),
                request_id=request_id,
            )

            return response

        except ProviderTimeoutError:
            latency_ms = (time.perf_counter() - start) * 1000
            logger.error(
                "provider_timeout",
                method=request.method,
                path=str(request.url.path),
                latency_ms=round(latency_ms, 2),
                request_id=request_id,
            )
            metrics = getattr(request.app.state, "metrics", None)
            if metrics is not None:
                metrics.record(latency_ms, error=True)
            return JSONResponse(
                status_code=504,
                content={"detail": "Provider timed out", "request_id": request_id},
                headers={"X-Request-ID": request_id},
            )

        except ProviderRateLimitError:
            latency_ms = (time.perf_counter() - start) * 1000
            logger.error(
                "provider_rate_limit",
                method=request.method,
                path=str(request.url.path),
                latency_ms=round(latency_ms, 2),
                request_id=request_id,
            )
            metrics = getattr(request.app.state, "metrics", None)
            if metrics is not None:
                metrics.record(latency_ms, error=True)
            return JSONResponse(
                status_code=503,
                content={
                    "detail": "Provider rate limit or quota exceeded",
                    "request_id": request_id,
                },
                headers={"X-Request-ID": request_id},
            )

        except Exception:
            latency_ms = (time.perf_counter() - start) * 1000
            logger.exception(
                "unhandled_error",
                method=request.method,
                path=str(request.url.path),
                latency_ms=round(latency_ms, 2),
                request_id=request_id,
            )
            metrics = getattr(request.app.state, "metrics", None)
            if metrics is not None:
                metrics.record(latency_ms, error=True)
            return JSONResponse(
                status_code=500,
                content={"detail": "Internal server error", "request_id": request_id},
                headers={"X-Request-ID": request_id},
            )