{"id": "paper_0", "title": "The influence of the incompressible strips on the integer quantized hall effect ( iqhe ) is...", "text": "in standard molecular beam epitaxy ( mbe ) , the crystal is grown in the direction layer by layer . however , well - established experimental techniques are able to grow materials in different crystal directions in sequential steps . as a first step a usual mbe growth process is performed then the crystal is removed from the chamber , thinned , scribed , returned to the chamber mounted at a 90 degree angle , then cleaved in - situ and regrown . this process is known as the cleaved edge overgrowth ( ceo ) technique . the ceo samples are used to investigate the edge properties of the quantum hall systems via momentum - resolved tunneling experiments , utilizing the second 2deg residing perpendicular to the hall system . these tunneling experiments show that the ceo edge provides an extreme sharp potential approximating an infinite wall . the sample structure proposed here does not involve tunneling , but rather probes the sharpness of the qhe edges via transport alone . a schematic presentation of the crystal is depicted in fig . [ fig : fig1 ] . the hall bar lies in the plane , obtained by usual mbe growth , whereas on the right hand side of the crystal an additional algaas layer is grown . this is the ceo edge and is capped by a metallic gate . the gate covers all the surface and is kept at a fixed potential . to measure the global resistances and to drive an external current through the 2deg , ohmic contacts are deposited on the top surface of the system . the voltage probe contacts are labeled by a1 , a2 , b1 and b2 to measure and , whereas the current contacts s and d denote the source and the drain . in our discussion of the visibility of the iqhe , we will describe transport in such a ceo sample . we consider a system , where at one edge ( ceo edge ) a side gate resides , meanwhile the opposing edge is defined by standard etching process . this section aims to provide necessary theoretical and experimental background , to discuss the transport properties of the", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.1657954752445221, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a theoretical and experimental framework for the transport of quantum hall systems in standard molecular beam epitaxy ( mbe ). The system is grown in the direction layer by layer, then cleaved in - situ and regrown. This process is known as the cleaded edge overgrowth ( ceo ) technique. In this paper we discuss the transport properties of the quantum hall system using momentum - resolved tunneling experiments.", "reference_summary": "the influence of the incompressible strips on the integer quantized hall effect ( iqhe ) is investigated , considering a cleaved - edge overgrown ( ceo ) sample as an experimentally realizable sharp edge system . we propose a set of experiments to clarify the distinction between the large - sample limit when bulk disorder defines the iqhe plateau width and the small - sample limit smaller than the disorder correlation length , when self - consistent edge electrostatics define the iqhe plateau wi"}
{"id": "paper_1", "title": "We propose a new lattice superfield formalism in momentum representation which accommodates species...", "text": "if we regularize massless fermions naively on a lattice , it is unavoidable that species doublers appear . since massless particles can not be put in the rest frame by means of a lorentz transformation , helicity or chirality can not be changed with a momentum change , while species doublers in different momentum region may have different helicity . therefore species doublers have to be considered as different particles . however , species doublers of chiral fermions on a lattice are usually considered as unwanted particles , the so called doubling problem , although the enlarged degree of freedom ( d.o.f . ) is customarily identified as a flavor ( taste ) d.o.f .. the equivalence of the above naive fermion formulation and the staggered fermion formulation can be shown by a spin diagonalization procedure and the staggered fermion can be transformed into the kogut - susskind type fermion formulation by considering double size lattice structure , where the flavor d.o.f . was identified . this double size structure makes it possible to have a correspondence with differential forms and then the equivalence of the staggered fermion and dirac - khler fermion on the lattice can be proved by introducing a noncommutativity between differential forms and fields . therefore all these lattice fermion formulations are exactly equivalent . in the link approach of lattice supersymmetry , the super charges are expanded on the basis of dirac matrices by the dirac - khler twisting procedure . the corresponding d.o.f . of the super charges are then exactly the same as those of fermionic species doublers and the geometric correspondence between the particles as species doublers and super multiplets is expected from the equivalence of the naive fermion and dirac - khler fermion formulations on the lattice . in other words the species doublers are necessary fields to construct the super multiplets of extended supersymmetry : in two dimensions and n=4 in four dimensions . the flavor ( tas", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.16637389361858368, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We study the equivalence of species doublers on a lattice by considering the dirac - khler twisting procedure. The corresponding d. O. F. Of the super charges is then exactly the same as those of fermionic species doublerosses and the geometric correspondence between the particles as species doublerons and super multiplets is expected from the asymmetry of the naive fermion and dirac fermio formulations on the latticse.", "reference_summary": "we propose a new lattice superfield formalism in momentum representation which accommodates species doublers of the lattice fermions and their bosonic counterparts as super multiplets . we explicitly show that one dimensional model with interactions has exact lie algebraic supersymmetry on the lattice for all super charges . in coordinate representation the finite difference operator is made to satisfy leibnitz rule by introducing a non local product , the `` star '' product , and the exact latt"}
{"id": "paper_2", "title": "We report the discovery of the wide l1", "text": "multiple stellar systems are important laboratories for a wide range of astrophysical phenomena , from the formation and evolution of planetary systems to the distribution of dark matter in the galaxy . stellar multiples drive novae outbursts in cataclysmic variable systems ; are useful distance ladders for star clusters in the local group ; and provide one of the few direct means of measuring stellar mass . the production of multiples is inherent to the star formation process itself , and the aggregate properties of multiple systems in a given population can provide insight into the genesis of that population . multiples are of particular importance in the study of very low mass ( vlm ; m 0.1m ) stars and brown dwarfs . several of the first brown dwarfs identified were found as companions to nearby stars , and binaries composed entirely of vlm dwarfs are now known ( * ? ? ? * and references therein ) . the salient properties of these systems their small separations , high mass ratios and low frequency have been used as empirical tests of brown dwarf formation theories . astrometric monitoring of resolved doubles have provided direct measures of mass for a few vlm binaries , while the recently identified eclipsing binary 2mass j0535218 - 054608ab has enabled the first radius measurement in the substellar regime . coupled with independent age determinations , these observations also constrain brown dwarf evolutionary theories . multiplicity provides explanations for other observed phenomena , such as peculiar features in individual brown dwarf spectra and unusual photometric trends across the transition between l - type and t - type brown dwarfs . despite their fecundity , only a limited number of vlm binaries have resolved spectroscopic measurements . such observations provide detailed information on the components of these systems , and can clarify empirical trends as a function of spectral type , temperature or mass by eliminating the variables of age and composit", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17755930125713348, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new study of the mass distribution of very low mass ( vlm ) stars and brown dwarfs. This study is based on a combination of astrometric observations of resolved binary spectroscopic measurements of the stellar masses and a spectral type, temperature and mass. The results are presented in terms of the spectroscopy of j0535218 - 054608ab, which provides direct measurements of mass for a few vLm binaries, and the recently identified eclipsing binary 2.", "reference_summary": "we report the discovery of the wide l1.5+l4.5 binary 2mass j15200224 - 4422419ab , identified during spectroscopic followup of high proper motion sources selected from the two micron all sky survey . this source was independently identified by kendall et al . in the supercosmos sky survey . resolved photometry and low resolution near - infrared spectroscopy demonstrate that this system is composed of two well - separated ( 1 ) l dwarfs . component classifications are derived using both spectral "}
{"id": "paper_3", "title": "We investigate the classical eigenvalue problem that arises in hydrodynamics and is referred to as...", "text": "linear water - wave theory is a widely - used approach that allows to determine the frequencies and modes of free oscillations of a liquid in a container . such oscillations exist provided the liquid s upper surface is free and , in the framework of this theory , one obtains their frequencies and modes from a mixed steklov problem . the latter involves a spectral parameter in the boundary condition on the free surface . this boundary value problem ( usually referred to as the sloshing problem ) has been the subject of a great number of studies over 250 years ( see for a historical review and , , , , , for some of recent literature ) . it is also worth pointing out here that other steklov type eigenvalue problems have attracted considerable attention in last years . for some of these developments , see e.g. , , , . recently , the question of the so - called ` high spots ' defined by sloshing eigenfunctions corresponding to the fundamental eigenvalue attracted the authors attention . this question is not only similar , but closely related to the long - standing ` hot spots ' conjecture of j. rauch . ( it is worth mentioning that a substantial progress has been achieved in studies of this conjecture for the neumann laplacian during the past decade ; see , for example , the works , , , , . ) roughly speaking , the question about high spots concerns monotonicity properties of fundamental sloshing eigenfunctions ( see subsection 1.3 for a detailed description ) . several results about the location of high spots were proved in and . one of them deals with the fundamental eigenfunction ( it is unique up to a non - zero factor ) of the two - dimensional sloshing problem in the case when the domain s top interval is the one - to - one orthogonal projection of the bottom . the other one treat fundamental eigenfunctions in troughs ( their cross - sections are subject to the same condition ) , and some vertical axisymmetric containers . moreover , it was shown in that for vertic", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.1676357388496399, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We study the sloshing problem in a two - dimensional container with a top interval of one orthogonal projection of the bottom. We find that the eigenfunction is unique up to a non - zero factor, and that the top interval is a constant. The corresponding eenfunction is defined by the spectral parameter in the boundary condition on the free surface.", "reference_summary": "we investigate the classical eigenvalue problem that arises in hydrodynamics and is referred to as the sloshing problem . it describes free liquid oscillations in a liquid container . we study the case when is an axially symmetric , convex , bounded domain satisfying the john condition . the cartesian coordinates are chosen so that the mean free surface of the liquid lies in -plane and -axis is directed upwards ( -axis is the axis of symmetry ) . our first result states that the fundamental eige"}
{"id": "paper_4", "title": "Essential to the description of a quantum system are its local degrees of freedom , which enable...", "text": "quantum systems are usually described by a hilbert space , a state vector , and a hamiltonian . do these structures alone fully characterize a physical system ? without specifying more information , like a preferred choice of basis , it is difficult to make sense of the hamiltonian or the state . for example , consider the one - dimensional ising model , with hamiltonian the hamiltonian clearly describes a chain of locally coupled two - level systems . this interpretation is possible because the expression for the hamiltonian implicitly includes a partition of the total hilbert space into subsystems using a tensor product factorization , this choice of tensor product structure \" ( tps ) allows one to write the hamiltonian simply in terms of local operators . however , if one does not specify a tps but instead writes the hamiltonian as a large matrix in some arbitrary basis , the system becomes difficult to interpret . is it the one - dimensional ising model , or is it a collection of interacting particles in three dimensions ? up to a change of basis , different hamiltonians are only distinguished by their energy spectra . moreover , the only canonical choice of basis is the energy eigenbasis . thus the hamiltonian and state vector alone do not yield an obvious physical description , at least without a choice of tps . we therefore ask , without a preferred choice of basis , is there a natural way to decompose the hilbert space into subsystems ( i.e. tensor factors ) , knowing only the hamiltonian ? in other words , do the energy eigenspaces and spectrum alone determine a natural choice of tps ? this is a question that has rarely been addressed in the literature , though it is discussed in a few papers such as . more commonly , it has been assumed that a preferred tps must be specified before any further progress can be made in describing the system . to even attempt finding a natural tps , one must first specify what constitutes a natural choice . here , we seek a c", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17006303369998932, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We consider a quantum system with a hamiltonian and a state vector. The hamiltonians are only distinguished by their energy spectra. This is a natural way to decompose the hilbert space into subsystems ( i. E. Tensor factors ), knowing only the ten - product structure. In other words, do the energy eigenspaces and spectrum alone determine a Natural choice of ten.", "reference_summary": "essential to the description of a quantum system are its local degrees of freedom , which enable the interpretation of subsystems and dynamics in the hilbert space . while a choice of local tensor factorization of the hilbert space is often implicit in the writing of a hamiltonian or lagrangian , the identification of local tensor factors is not intrinsic to the hilbert space itself . instead , the only basis - invariant data of a hamiltonian is its spectrum , which does not manifestly determine"}
{"id": "paper_5", "title": "Gamma - ray burst ( grb ) afterglows are well described by synchrotron emission originating from...", "text": "in the fireball model , gamma - ray burst ( grb ) afterglows are thought to be the result of synchrotron radiation generated by electrons during the interaction of a strongly collimated relativistic jet from a compact source with its environment ( for recent reviews , see ) . initially the resulting spectra and light curves have been modelled using only the shock front of a spherical explosion and a simple power law approximation for the synchrotron radiation ( e.g. ) . one or more spectral and temporal breaks were used to connect regimes with different power law slopes . for the dynamics the self similar blandford - mckee ( bm ) approximation of a relativistic explosion was used . these models have been refined continuously . more details of the shock structure were included ( e.g. ) , more accurate formulae for the synchrotron radiation were used ( e.g. ) and efforts have been made to implement collimation using various analytical approximations to the jet structure and lateral spreading behavior ( see for an overview ) . on top of that , there have been studies focussing on arrival time effects ( e.g. ) and some numerical simulations ( e.g. ) . in this paper we introduce a code to reconstruct spectra and light curves from amrvac , a high performance relativistic hydrodynamics code . we verify our method by applying it to the analytically well understood bm solution . because different authors have recently started using the circumstellar density structure as a fitting parameter when fitting the bm solution to afterglow data , we generalize existing scaling coefficient prescriptions from the literature from insterstellar medium ( ism , for which the inverse radial slope of the density distribution is zero ) and stellar wind ( ) to general . _ these scaling coefficients are tabulated in the appendix and can be directly used when fitting to afterglow data_. we finish this part of the paper by comparing fit results to grb 970508 using our prescription to those of oth", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.19401410222053528, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a code to reconstruct spectra and light curves from amrvac, a high performance relativistic hydrodynamics code. The code is based on an analytically well understood blandford - mckee ( bm ) approximation of a relativistic explosion. We use this method to fit the bM solution to grb 970508 using our prescription to those of oth.", "reference_summary": "gamma - ray burst ( grb ) afterglows are well described by synchrotron emission originating from the interaction between a relativistic blast wave and the external medium surrounding the grb progenitor . we introduce a code to reconstruct spectra and light curves from arbitrary fluid configurations , making it especially suited to study the effects of fluid flows beyond those that can be described using analytical approximations . as a check and first application of our code we use it to fit the"}
{"id": "paper_6", "title": "One of the key features of small - worlds is the ability to route messages with few hops only using...", "text": "in a prescient 1929 novel called _ lncszemek _ ( in english , _ chains _ ) , karinthy imagines that any two people can be connected by a small chain of personal links , using no more than _ five _ intermediaries . years later , milgram validates the concept by conducting real - life experiments . he asks volunteers to transmit a letter to an acquaintance with the objective to reach a target destination across the united states . while not all messages arrive , successful attempts reach destination after six hops in average , popularizing the notion of _ six degrees of separation_. yet , for a long time , no theoretical model could explain why and how this kind of _ small - world _ routing works . one of the first and most famous attempts to provide such a model is due to jon kleinberg . he proposes to abstract the social network by a grid augmented with _ shortcuts_. if the shortcuts follow a heavy tail distribution with a specific exponent , then a simple greedy routing can reach any destination in a short time ( hops ) . on the other hand , if the exponent is wrong , then the time to reach destination becomes for some . this seminal work has led to multiple studies from both the theoretical and empirical social systems communities . in this paper , we propose a new way to numerically benchmark the greedy routing algorithm in the original model introduced by kleinberg . our approach uses dynamic rejection sampling , which gives a substantial speed improvement compared to previous attempts , without making any concession about the assumptions made in the original model , which is kept untouched . fueled by the capacity to obtain quick and accurate results even for very large grids , we give a fresh look on kleinberg s grid , through three independent small studies . first , we show that the model is in practice more robust than expected : for grids of given size there is quite a large range of exponents that grant short routing paths . then we observe that the lower", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17296303808689117, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new way to benchmark the greedy routing algorithm in kleinberg s model. We use dynamic rejection sampling to obtain a substantial speed improvement compared to previous attempts, without making any concession about the assumptions made in the original model, which is kept untouched. First, we show that the model is in practice more robust than expected: for grids of given size there is quite a large range of exponents that grant short routing paths. Then we observe that the lower the number of expositions, the faster the algorithm can be implemented.", "reference_summary": "one of the key features of small - worlds is the ability to route messages with few hops only using local knowledge of the topology . in 2000 , kleinberg proposed a model based on an augmented grid that asymptotically exhibits such property . in this paper , we propose to revisit the original model from a simulation - based perspective . our approach is fueled by a new algorithm that uses dynamic rejection sampling to draw augmenting links . the speed gain offered by the algorithm enables a deta"}
{"id": "paper_7", "title": "We present a gauge mediated supersymmetry breaking model having weak su(2 ) triplet , color su(3 )...", "text": "following the latest combination of mass and signal strengths of the higgs boson by the atlas and cms collaborations of the large hadron collider ( lhc ) , the particle spectrum of the standard model ( sm ) is complete and it reigns supreme as an effective theory for weak scale physics . however , in spite of its astonishing success , the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon , namely , remains an enigma . when compared to the sm estimate , the latest experimental result stands as the deviation is above level ( see also ) , and it can be resolved if we invoke new physics at a scale gev , which follows from , where is a coupling relevant to the new physics . in the minimal supersymmetric standard model ( mssm ) , a resolution of this deviation requires light superparticles , namely the smuons and chargino / neutralinos of gev , which propagate in the loop . with , the size of can be as large as . on the other hand , the observed higgs boson mass , gev , demands rather large radiative corrections , which are enhanced by heavy stops weighing tev or substantial left - right mixing . gauge mediated supersymmetry breaking ( gmsb ) models start with an advantage in this context that at the supersymmetry breaking scale itself the squarks / guino are heavier than sleptons / gauginos , i.e. the splitting is in the right direction . however , in minimal conventional gmsb , which employs a and a of as messengers , the heavy stop pulls up the slepton and weak gaugino soft masses to several hundred gev to a tev which are too high to explain the muon . in a previous paper ( see also ) , we proposed a gmsb model that naturally yielded light uncolored and heavy colored superpartners . to accomplish this , we employed weak su(2 ) triplet and color su(3 ) octet messenger multiplets instead of using the conventional su(5 ) 5-plets . even with these incomplete su(5 ) multiplets , gauge couplings still unify , though at the string scale gev which is somewhat higher than the grand unifica", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17450016736984253, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new model for gauge mediated supersymmetry breaking ( gmsb ) that naturally yields light uncolored and heavy colored superpartners. The model is based on a weak su(2 ) triplet and color su(3 ) octet messenger multiplet, which are used to produce light colored and heavy gaugino soft masses. We show that this model can be applied to any scale of gev, and it is able to reproduce the observed higgs boson mass, gev and its anomalous.", "reference_summary": "we present a gauge mediated supersymmetry breaking model having weak su(2 ) triplet , color su(3 ) octet and su(5 ) 5-plet messengers , that can simultaneously explain the muon data within 1 and the observed higgs boson mass of 125 gev . gauge coupling unification is nontrivially maintained . most of the parameter space satisfying both is accessible to the 14 tev lhc . the lighter of the two staus weighs around ( 100 - 200 ) gev , which can be a potential target of the ilc . sinp / tnp/2013/14 ,"}
{"id": "paper_8", "title": "The very fast inversion of the stokes vector ( vfisv ) is a milne - eddington spectral line...", "text": "the very fast inversion of the stokes vector ( vfisv ; * ? ? ? * ) is a spectral line inversion code tailored and optimized to invert the full disk spectro - polarimetric data of the _ helioseismic and magnetic imager _ ( hmi ) instrument on board the _ solar dynamics observatory _ ( sdo ; * ? ? ? hmi is a filtergram - type instrument that observes ( with one camera ) the stokes _ i _ , _ q _ , _ u _ , and _ v _ at six wavelength positions across the fe i 6173 spectral line for the full disk of the sun with 16 million pixels ( 4096 ccd ) every 135 s. all of the data pipeline procedures , and the spectral line inversion code in particular , have limited allowable runtimes in order to keep pace with the data flow rate and prevent a processing backlog . in the forward problem , vfisv solves the radiative transfer equation ( rte ) for polarized light using the milne - eddington ( me ) approximation to generate a set of stokes profiles from a given model atmosphere . the me approximation assumes that all the parameters describing the atmosphere are constant along the line of sight ( los ) except for the source function , which varies linearly with optical depth . in addition , the generation of polarized radiation is formulated in the classical zeeman effect regime . traditionally , me models applied to polarized rte problems use up to eleven free parameters to describe the atmosphere in which the stokes profiles are generated . there are five thermodynamical parameters : the line - to - continuum absorption ratio , , the doppler width , , the damping parameter of the voigt function , , and the components of the linearized source function , and , respectively . the magnetic field vector is described by three variables , _ i.e. _ the magnetic field strength , , its inclination with respect to the los , , and its azimuth in the plane perpendicular to the line of sight , ( which is referenced to a column of pixels on the hmi ccd and increases counter - clockwise ) . there a", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17534326016902924, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new method for inverting the stokes vector ( vfisv ) data from the _ helioseismic and magnetic imager _ ( hmi ) instrument on board the solar dynamics observatory _. The method is based on the milne - eddington approximation to generate a set of stok profiles from a given model atmosphere. The spectral line inversion code is optimized to invert the full disk spectro - Polarimetric data of the.", "reference_summary": "the very fast inversion of the stokes vector ( vfisv ) is a milne - eddington spectral line inversion code used to determine the magnetic and thermodynamic parameters of the solar photosphere from observations of the stokes vector in the 6173 fe i line by the _ helioseismic and magnetic imager _ ( hmi ) onboard the _ solar dynamics observatory _ ( sdo ) . we report on the modifications made to the original vfisv inversion code in order to optimize its operation within the hmi data pipeline and p"}
{"id": "paper_9", "title": "The aim of this work is to understand the influence of chaotic states in control problems involving...", "text": "controlling quantum phenomena in atomic and molecular systems is an active area of research today . persistent theoretical and experimental efforts have led to the formulation of several ingenious control schemes for both atomic and molecular systems . recently researchers have been interested in determining the control landscape \" for specific systems . the motivation for undertaking such extensive studies is atleast twofold . firstly , several optimal control efforts seem to succeed despite employing local search algorithms in a prohibitively high dimensional control parameter space . rabitz and coworkers reason that the topology of the control landscape can shed light on the robustness of the control strategies . secondly , many control schemes involve few , carefully chosen , levels which provide valuable insights into the control process . however , such few - level schemes might be compromised due to several reasons and one hopes that identifying the features of the control landscape associated with the deviations might lead to better control techniques . in order to set the stage for our work we briefly discuss the concept of a control landscape . consider a hamiltonian of the form with being the dipole operator and being the control field . there are two perspectives on the control problem which are of interest to the present work . the first one involves using a given field characterized by one or more control variables . the objective in this case is to study the variation of , say , the transition probability between an initial state and a final state at some target time . the control landscape is constructed by viewing the transition probability as a functional of the field parameters _ i.e. , _ $ ] . regions on the landscape with high values for yield the best possible choice of the control variables in the presupposed . note that it is quite possible to have several distinct choices for the control variables which yield the same value for . several suc", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.16913864016532898, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We consider a hamiltonian of the form with being the dipole operator and being the control field. The first approach is to study the variation of the transition probability between an initial state and a final state at some target time. In this case, the control landscape is constructed by viewing the transition probabilities as a functional of the field parameters. We find that the control Landscape can be obtained from the following two approaches: the first one involves using a given field characterized by one or more control variables.", "reference_summary": "the aim of this work is to understand the influence of chaotic states in control problems involving strong fields . towards this end , we numerically construct and study the strong field control landscape of a bichromatically driven double well . a novel measure based on correlating the overlap intensities between floquet states and an initial phase space coherent state with the parametric motion of the quasienergies is used to construct and interpret the landscape features . walls \" of no contr"}
{"id": "paper_10", "title": "By a numerical continuation method called a diagonal homotopy we can compute the intersection of...", "text": "homotopy continuation methods provide reliable and efficient numerical algorithms to compute accurate approximations to all isolated solutions of polynomial systems , see e.g. for a recent survey . as proposed in , we can approximate a positive dimensional solution set of a polynomial system by isolated solutions , which are obtained as intersection points of the set with a generic linear space of complementary dimension . new homotopy algorithms have been developed in a series of papers to give numerical representations of positive dimensional solution sets of polynomial systems . these homotopies are the main numerical algorithms in a young field we call _ numerical algebraic geometry_. see for a detailed treatment of this subject . this paper provides an algorithm to compute numerical approximations to positive dimensional solution sets of polynomial systems by introducing the equations one at a time . the advantage of working in this manner is that the special properties of individual equations are revealed early in the process , thus reducing the computational cost of later stages . consequently , although the new algorithm has more stages of computation than earlier approaches , the amount of work in each stage can be considerably less , producing a net savings in computing time . this paper is organized in three parts . first we explain our method to represent and to compute a numerical irreducible decomposition of the solution set of a polynomial system . in the third section , new diagonal homotopy algorithms will be applied to solve systems subsystem by subsystem or equation by equation . computational experiments are given in the fourth section . we start this section with a motivating illustrative example , which shows the occurrence of several solution sets , of different dimensions and degrees . secondly , we define the notion of witness sets , which we developed to represent pure dimensional solution sets of polynomial systems _ numerically_. witness ", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.16700051724910736, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new algorithm to compute numerical approximations to the solution set of a polynomial system by introducing the equations one at a time. This algorithm is based on the homotopy continuation method, which provides an efficient and reliable numerical algorithm to calculate accurate approximates to all isolated solutions of polynomisms. It is shown that the algorithm can be applied to solve systems subsystem by subsystem or equation by equation.", "reference_summary": "by a numerical continuation method called a diagonal homotopy we can compute the intersection of two positive dimensional solution sets of polynomial systems . this paper proposes to use this diagonal homotopy as the key step in a procedure to intersect general solution sets . of particular interest is the special case where one of the sets is defined by a single polynomial equation . this leads to an algorithm for finding a numerical representation of the solution set of a system of polynomial "}
{"id": "paper_11", "title": "+ so - called `` twisted '' black holes have recently been proposed by zhang ( 1609", "text": "the `` twisted '' black holes recently proposed by zhang , and further considered by chen and jing , and by ong , are certainly ricci - flat , and so mathematically satisfy the vacuum einstein equations . however , these `` twisted '' black holes are merely minor variants on the well - known taub nut spacetimes . in particular , since these `` twisted '' black holes do not fall into the standard kerr newman class , they certainly violate the _ spirit _ of the black hole uniqueness theorems . therefore , even without doing any specific calculation , it is clear that there must be something odd / unusual about these `` twisted '' black holes , something that violates the input assumptions going into the black hole uniqueness theorems , and that this something odd / unusual is likely to render these `` twisted '' black holes unphysical in any realistic astrophysical setting . in the interests of clarity we shall perform a brief elementary analysis of some of the key features of these `` twisted '' black holes , somewhat along the lines of for the kerr geometry , relating these `` twisted '' black holes to the more usual taub nut discussion . specifically , we shall demonstrate that : * these `` twisted '' black holes are not globally asymptotically flat . * these `` twisted '' black holes actually connect two universes via a timelike wormhole . * these `` twisted '' black holes are causally diseased : the entire domain of outer communication is `` totally vicious '' . ( meaning the entire region _ outside _ the event horizon is infested with closed timelike curves . ) to verify these assertions it is sufficient to look at the massless case , the physically problematic issues persist and if anything are actually worse in the massive case . consider the spacetime geometry this manifold is ricci - flat , , so that it satisfies the vacuum einstein equations , and is not riemann - flat , , ( so it really is a curved spacetime ) . in particular the quadratic curvature invari", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.16667777299880981, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a brief analysis of the key features of these ' twisted '' black holes, and show that they are not globally asymptotically flat. In particular, we demonstrate that these _ twisted_'' Black holes are causally diseased: the entire domain of outer communication is a totally vicious wormhole.", "reference_summary": "+ so - called `` twisted '' black holes have recently been proposed by zhang ( 1609.09721 [ gr - qc ] ) , and further considered by chen and jing ( 1610.00886 [ gr - qc ] ) , and more recently by ong ( 1610.05757 [ gr - qc ] ) . while these spacetimes are certainly ricci - flat , and so mathematically satisfy the vacuum einstein equations , they are also merely minor variants on taub nut spacetimes . consequently they exhibit several unphysical features that make them quite unreasonable as reali"}
{"id": "paper_12", "title": "We have investigated the effects of either distorting hydrogen bonds or removing proton degeneracy...", "text": "network - forming liquids such as water are ubiquitous in nature . they differ from normal liquids by the presence of directional intermolecular interactions that result in the formation of bonds . these directional attractive forces favor the formation of structured regions that , due to the orientational constraints on the bonded molecules , have lower density than unbonded regions . as a result , a density anomaly , consisting in the expanion under isobaric cooling of these systems , appears . this density anomaly has been related to a phase transition between a low - density liquid ( ldl ) and a high - density liquid ( hdl ) . experiments and simulations of water predict a hdl - ldl first - order phase transition in an experimentally inacessible region of the phase diagram . but water is not an isolated case , computer simulations of realistic models for carbon , phosphorus , , and si suggest the existence first - order ldl - hdl phase transitions in these materials . the presence of a number of solid phases in water , as well as of solid - solid first - order phase transitions , have suggested the possibility that systems with solid polymorphism exhibit several liquid phases with local structures similar to the ones present in the crystal phases . this assumption was confirmed for a number polymorfic liquids such as se , s , bi , p , , sn , sb , , and . in all these cases , a full understanding of the effects of the number , spatial orientation and strength of the bonds is still missing . in order to shed some light onto this problem , recently a simple approach representing hydrogen bonds through ice variables has been proposed . the zero temperature ice model was succesful in giving the description of ice entropy , for dense systems but an order - disorder transition for finite temperatures is absent . recently a description based also on ice variables but which allows for a low density ordered structure was proposed . the associating lattice gas model ( alg)", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.16766053438186646, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new approach to the associating lattice gas model ( alg ) for hydrogen bonds in water. This approach is based on the asassociationing lattique gas model and allows for a low density ordered structure. The model is characterized by a first - order phase transition between a high - density liquid ( ldl ) and a lower - density liquid (hdl). We show that the model can be used to describe the diffusion of hydrogen bonds through ice variables.", "reference_summary": "we have investigated the effects of either distorting hydrogen bonds or removing proton degeneracy on the thermodynamic properties of a minimal model for associating liquids . the presence of two liquid phases and a density anomaly is unaffected in both cases . increasing the degeneracy of bonded structures leads to lower temperature critical points and a steeper liquid - liquid coexistence line , implying a low density liquid of larger entropy . analysis of the hydrogen bond net accross the pha"}
{"id": "paper_13", "title": "The 1 - 2 model on the hexagonal lattice is a model of statistical mechanics in which each vertex...", "text": "the 1 - 2 model on the hexagonal lattice was introduced by schwartz and bruck as an intermediary in the calculation of the capacity of a constrained coding system . they expressed the capacity via holographic reductions ( see ) in terms of the number of perfect matchings ( or dimer configurations ) , and the latter may be studied via the pfaffian method of fisher , kasteleyn , and temperley . the 1 - 2 model may be viewed as a model of statistical mechanics of independent interest , and it is related to the ising model and the dimer model . in the current paper , we study the 1 - 2 model within this context , and we establish the exact form of the associated critical curve . a 1 - 2 configuration on the hexagonal lattice is a subset of edges such that every vertex is incident with either one or two edges of . there are three real parameters , which are associated with the three classes of edges of . the weight of a configuration on a finite region is the product over vertices of one of chosen according to the edge - configuration at . ( see figure [ fig : sign ] . ) through a sequence of transformations , the 1 - 2 model turns out to be linked to an enhanced ising model , a polygon model , and a dimer model . these connections are pursued here , and in the linked paper . the main result ( theorem [ thm : main ] ) states in effect that , when , the surface given by is critical . this is proved by an analysis of the behaviour of the two - edge correlation function as . the model is called _ uniform _ if , and thus the uniform model is not critical in the above sense . there has been major progress in recent years in the study of two - dimensional ising models via rhombic tilings and discrete holomorphic observables ( see , for example , ) . there is a rhombic representation of the critical polygon model associated with the 1 - 2 model , and an associated discrete holomorphic function , but this is not explored here . certain properties of the underlying hexagonal latt", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.16710148751735687, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We study the 1 - 2 model on the hexagonal lattice, and establish the exact form of the critical curve. The critical curvature is defined by a rhombic representation of the polygon model associated with the 1 2 model, a discrete holomorphic observable, an arbitrary rhomboid, or a non - rheomorphically symmetric observabilis.", "reference_summary": "the 1 - 2 model on the hexagonal lattice is a model of statistical mechanics in which each vertex is constrained to have degree either or . there are three edge - directions , and three corresponding parameters , , . it is proved that , when , the surface given by is critical . the proof hinges upon a representation of the partition function in terms of that of a certain dimer model . this dimer model may be studied via the pfaffian representation of fisher , kasteleyn , and temperley . it is pr"}
{"id": "paper_14", "title": "X - ray studies of nearby spiral galaxies with star formation allow us to investigate temperature...", "text": "it is now thirty years since the first unambiguous identification of x - ray emission from our nearest giant spiral , m31 ( margon , lampton & cruddace 1974 ) . today we know that x - ray emission in galaxies comes from discrete sources and hot diffuse gas . discrete sources ( accreting compact objects and supernova remnants ) are a fossil record of the stellar population , and may be used as a probe of star formation history . diffuse x - ray emission is the tracer of the hot gas ( k ) in galaxies and clusters ; in galaxies , it is an indicator of recent star formation . disentangling truly diffuse gas from faint , unresolved sources such as faint x - ray binaries ( xrbs ) , cataclysmic variables , coronal emission from main - sequence and t tauri stars is still a major problem , despite the fact that sensitivity and spatial resolution of the x - ray detectors have improved by three orders of magnitude since those early observations . today , x - ray studies of nearby galaxies can be conducted on two complementary levels . we can do a statistical study of the spatial and spectral distribution of the sources : this can help us distinguish between different physical classes of x - ray emitters . and we can use the x - ray sources as a tool to probe the structure and evolution of the host galaxy . statistical studies of x - ray sources in the milky way are hampered by the large relative uncertainty in the distance of most sources ( often by a factor of two ) and by our very incomplete view due to the large extinction in the galactic plane . population studies can be conducted more easily in nearby galaxies , with more favorable viewing angles and the same relative distance for all the sources . by studying a large sample of galaxies it is also possible to quantify how the x - ray properties of a galaxy depend on its structural type and level of star - forming activity . moreover , by quantifying the relation between observed x - ray properties and star formation histo", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17774279415607452, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a statistical study of the spatial and spectral distribution of the sources in nearby galaxies. This can help us distinguish between different physical classes of x - ray emitters, and to use them as a tool to probe the structure and evolution of the host galaxy.", "reference_summary": "x - ray studies of nearby spiral galaxies with star formation allow us to investigate temperature and spatial distribution of the hot diffuse plasma , and to carry out individual and statistical studies of different classes of discrete sources ( low- and high - mass x - ray binaries , supernova remnants , supersoft and ultra - luminous sources ) . in particular , we briefly review the different models proposed to explain the ultra - luminous sources . we can then use the x - ray properties of a "}
{"id": "paper_15", "title": "An estimate of the one - loop correction to the power spectrum of the primordial curvature...", "text": "for some years , the theory of inflation has represented our most successful approach to the very early universe . although we do not know with certainty what physical conditions applied in the very distant past , it is believed that a number of fundamental properties of our universe were determined at that time . among the most important of these is the ensemble of small density perturbations which later condensed into galaxies and gave rise to the network of cosmic structure we see today . therefore , one question which must be answered by any theory which purports to describe the very early universe concerns the origin and nature of these perturbations . in inflationary models , the answer is provided by use of an era of quasi - exponential expansion to generate small fluctuations from the vacuum . remarkably , the properties of these perturbations can be calculated by applying a minimal extension of quantum field theory to the expanding universe . the inflationary perturbations are generated by quantum - mechanical effects among field modes of wavelength around the time when such modes are of order the hubble scale , that is , . if the inflationary expansion is still ongoing when these perturbations are generated then the local hubble scale continues to contract , so that eventually they are far outside the horizon , giving . in this regime the field behaves in an approximately classical fashion . therefore the evolution of the curvature perturbation can be calculated reliably until the end of inflation , when it is generally assumed to settle down to a time - independent final value , unless isocurvature modes exist which drive its evolution on large scales . in this simple picture we have a robust prediction of the properties of the perturbations regardless of the details of the inflationary era . the above account neglects at least one possible source of trouble , namely the question of quantum mechanical corrections . in any quantum theory , including inflat", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.16907265782356262, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a simple model for the evolution of the inflationary perturbations in the expanding universe. The model is based on an era of quasi - exponential expansion to generate small fluctuations from the vacuum. This model is used to calculate the properties of the perturbations, which are generated by quantum mechanical effects. We show that the evolution is robust until the end of inflation, when it is generally assumed to settle down to a time - independent final value.", "reference_summary": "an estimate of the one - loop correction to the power spectrum of the primordial curvature perturbation is given , assuming it is generated during a phase of single - field , slow - roll inflation . the loop correction splits into two parts , which can be calculated separately : a purely quantum - mechanical contribution which is generated from the interference among quantized field modes around the time when they cross the horizon , and a classical contribution which comes from integrating the "}
{"id": "paper_16", "title": "Recent rate measurements of mesons and baryons produced in tev proton - antiproton and electron -...", "text": "heavier -flavoured hadrons represent a fecund source of particle physics . while the rich interplay between electroweak and non - perturbative strong effects typically poses formidable experimental and theoretical challenges , decays of hadrons with masses at the frontiers of standard model spectroscopy constitute an exciting proving ground for effective theories , qcd factorization and lattice methods , as well as potential models . moreover , such heavy hadronic states present opportunities to uncover real or constrain hypothetical new physics lying beyond the standard model . the measurement of observables from baryons and strange or charmed mesons is complementary to the wealth of physics that the babar , belle , and cleo collaborations have harvested from colliders operating at the open - beauty threshold . comparisons of heavy -hadron decays to the analogous non - strange ( ) decays can yield advantages that include cancellations of hadronic uncertainties , tests of flavour symmetry , decay - amplitude disentanglement , and improved access to fundamental electroweak parameters of nature . this paper reviews recent rate measurements of mesons and baryons produced in tev proton - antiproton and electron - positron collisions at the fermilab tevatron ( usa ) and kekb ( japan ) accelerator facilities , respectively . described are first observations of and decays by cdf ; recent results on decays and worldwide status from belle , cdf , and ; the first observation of 1 by ; the first observation of the mode and a search for decays by belle ; three recently updated measurements of charmless two - body meson decays by cdf ; and first observations of and decays by cdf . the cabibbo - suppressed mode , as indicated in fig . [ fig : bsdsk_diagrams ] , has contributions from both upper- and lower - vertex charm such that the same parent state can decay both to and final states , as distinct from the analogous mode . due to the fact that these decay amplitudes can interfe", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17458578944206238, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We review recent rate measurements of mesons and baryons produced in tev proton - antiproton and electron - positron collisions at the fermilab tevatron ( usa ) and kekb ( japan ) accelerator facilities. We compare these rates to previous measurements of charmless two - body meson decays by cdf, belle, and; the first observation of 1 by; and the first observations of and decays from belle; three recently updated measurements of and, respectively, of.", "reference_summary": "recent rate measurements of mesons and baryons produced in tev proton - antiproton and electron - positron collisions are reviewed , including the first observations of six new decay modes : ( cdf ) , ( cdf ) , 1 ( ) , ( belle ) , ( cdf ) , and ( cdf ) . also examined are branching - fraction measurements or limits for the modes ( belle , cdf , and ) , the radiative penguin decay ( belle ) , and three two - body charmless meson decay channels ( cdf ) . implications for the phenomenology of elect"}
{"id": "paper_17", "title": "It is widely accepted that topological quantities are useful to describe quantum liquids in low...", "text": "-0.3 cm topological quantities are fundamental to describe low dimensional quantum liquids where standard symmetry breaking do not have a primal importance . typical examples are quantum hall liquids and anisotropic superconductors with time - reversal symmetry breaking . recently spin hall conductance for semiconductors are also attracting much current interest . the ( spin ) hall conductance has a characteristic geometrical meaning . in some physical units , they are given by the first chern number of the berry connection . in practical numerical calculations , we diagonalize hamiltonians on a set of discrete points on the brillouin zone ( bz ) . it is thus crucial to develop an efficient method of revealing the topological property of infinite systems with continuum bz from corresponding finite systems with discrete bz . we propose an efficient method for the calculation of the chern numbers on a discretized bz based on a geometrical formulation of topological charges in lattice gauge theory . the chern numbers thus obtained are _ manifestly gauge - invariant _ and _ integer - valued _ even for a discretized bz . one can compute the chern numbers using wave functions in _ any gauge _ or _ without specifying gauge fixing - conditions_. details of the formulation and the basic results were published elsewhere . -0.3 cm : let us consider chern numbers in the quantum hall effect as a typical example . the spin hall conductances is treated similarly . we take the bz by ( , 2 with integers ) . since the hamiltonian is periodic in both and directions , the bz is regarded as a two - dimensional torus . when the fermi energy lies in a gap , the hall conductance is given by , where denotes the chern number of the th bloch band , and the sum over is restricted to the bands below the fermi energy . the chern number assigned to the th band is defined by with , where the berry connection with is defined by a normalized wave function of the th bloch band satisfying and . the ch", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.16375523805618286, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a method for the calculation of the spin hall conductances on discrete points on the brillouin zone ( bz ). The chern numbers are given by the first cheron number of the berry connection. In this paper, we consider the quantum hall effect as a typical example.", "reference_summary": "it is widely accepted that topological quantities are useful to describe quantum liquids in low dimensions . the ( spin ) hall conductances are typical examples . they are expressed by the chern numbers , which are topological invariants given by the berry connections of the ground states . we present a topological description for the ( spin ) hall conductances on a discretized brillouin zone . at the same time , it is quite efficient in practical numerical calculations for concrete models . we "}
{"id": "paper_18", "title": "Relative abundances of the five stable isotopes of titanium ( ti to ti ) are measured for 11 m...", "text": "insights into the chemical evolution of the galaxy are provided by the relative abundances of elements in stars belonging to the main populations of the galaxy : halo , disk ( thick and thin ) , and bulge . in a common representation of abundances , one plots [ x / fe ] versus [ fe / h ] for the element x and fe . = (a / b)(a / b) and (nn where is the number density . ] elements may be grouped into classes with each element in a class exhibiting a similar behavior . comprising one such class are the -elements : the elements in this class include mg , si , s and ca , each with its most abundant isotope having a mass number that is a multiple of four . observations show that the runs of [ x / fe ] for each of the -elements are similar for stars of a given population presently in the solar neighborhood . the value of [ x / fe ] is positive and constant ( say , dex ) for [ fe / h ] but decreases to the solar value ( i.e. , [ x / fe ] ) as thin disk stars are sampled at [ fe / h ] . the change in the variation of [ x / fe ] versus [ fe / h ] for -elements at [ fe / h ] is widely attributed to the onset of contamination of interstellar gas with the fe - rich -poor ejecta from type ia supernovae that reduces the [ /fe ] previously established by -rich fe - poor ejecta from type ii supernovae . theoretical modeling of galactic chemical evolution ( gce ) reproduces quite well the [ /fe ] versus [ fe / h ] trends for the standard elements - see , for example , timmes , woosley , & weaver ( 1995 , hereafter , tww95 ) , goswami & prantzos ( 2000 , hereafter , gp00 ) , and kobayashi et al . ( 2006 , hereafter , k06 ) . such modeling enterprises , however , ignore the observational differences between the runs of [ x / fe ] versus [ fe / h ] for thin and thick disk stars . titanium with its principal isotope being ti would appear to qualify as an element . indeed , the observed run of [ ti / fe ] with [ fe / h ] is similar to that of a standard -element . yet , gce models fail to", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17229384183883667, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new model of galactic chemical evolution ( gce ) that reproduces the [ x / fe ] versus [ f /.", "reference_summary": "relative abundances of the five stable isotopes of titanium ( ti to ti ) are measured for 11 m dwarfs belonging to the thin disk ( four stars ) , thick disk ( three stars ) , the halo ( one star ) , and either the thick or the thin disk ( three stars ) . over the metallicity range of the sample ( [fe / h] ) , the isotopic ratios are approximately constant to the solar system ratios . there is no discernible difference between the isotopic ratios for thin and thick disk stars . isotopic ratios ar"}
{"id": "paper_19", "title": "We propose the realization of linear crystals of cold ions which contain different atomic species...", "text": "current ion trapping technology has led to rapid progress toward the realization of elementary quantum processors . the ability to control the motional and internal states of the trapped ions with high accuracy allows for the experimental implementation of several textbook models such as quantum simulations of a dirac equation with the zitterbewegung and the klein paradox . on the other hand , the internal states of laser - cooled and trapped ions represent effective spins , which can be made to interact with each other for performing magnetic quantum phase simulations . these interactions may be realized by applying magnetic field gradients or by laser light fields . in both cases , spin- ion crystals allow for a detailed investigation of complex quantum phase transitions and magnetic frustrated effects . preliminary experimental steps in ion crystals have been realized with interacting spins of two mg and three yb ions in a linear configuration . because of the long - range spin - spin interactions , the larger collections of trapped ions are expected to lead to intriguing , and so far unobserved phenomena , such as the formation of super - solids or exotic quantum phases , where the specific advantages of the ion crystal are : almost perfect state preparation and readout with single site addressability , long coherence times , and a full tunability of the spin - spin interactions , even for long ranges beyond next - neighbor couplings . going beyond spin- systems and trapping different ion species with spin will allow the study of novel aspects of quantum magnetism in a mixed spin chains . such impurity doped systems might model effects which are of interest in solid state physics . our proposal is inspired by the outstanding progress in quantum logic spectroscopy , where a single clock ion and a single readout ion are simultaneously confined and coupled through the mutual coulomb repulsion , such that one can transfer the clock ion electronic state to the readou", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17347106337547302, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new method for the study of quantum magnetism in a mixed spin chain with two clock ion and one readout ioon. This method is inspired by the outstanding progress in quantum logic spectroscopy, where a single clock ions and a readout electron are simultaneously confined and coupled through the mutual coulomb repulsion, such that one can transfer the clock - ionic electronic state to the readou. The proposed method is based on the experimental results of the irc - doped spher.", "reference_summary": "we propose the realization of linear crystals of cold ions which contain different atomic species for investigating quantum phase transitions and frustration effects in spin system beyond the commonly discussed case of . mutual spin - spin interactions between ions can be tailored via the zeeman effect by applying oscillating magnetic fields with strong gradients . further , collective vibrational modes in the mixed ion crystal can be used to enhance and to vary the strength of spin - spin inter"}
{"id": "paper_20", "title": "We consider one of the quantum key distribution protocols recently introduced in ref", "text": "recently , we have shown how two - way quantum communication can profitably be exploited to enhance the security of continuous variable quantum key distribution . in particular , we have investigated the security of two - way protocols in the presence of collective gaussian attacks which are modelled by combinations of entangling cloners . even though this situation is the most important one from the point view of the practical implementation , the effect of other kind of gaussian attacks ( i.e. , not referable to entangling cloners ) must also be analyzed . in this paper , we study the security of the two - way coherent - state protocol of ref . against individual attacks where an eavesdropper ( eve ) combines two different gaussian quantum cloning machines ( also called _ gaussian cloners _ ) . in particular , we are able to show the robustness of the two - way protocol when the first cloner is fixed to be symmetric in the output clones . this symmetry condition enables us to derive the results quite easily but clearly restricts our security analysis to a preliminary stage . for this reason , the _ optimal _ performance of gaussian cloners against two - way quantum cryptography is still unknown at the present stage . consider a stochastic variable with values distributed according to a gaussian probability \\ , , \\]]with variance . this variable is taken as input of a classical channel that outputs another stochastic variable with values . in particular , the classical channel is called _ additive gaussian channel _ if , for every input , the conditional output is gaussianly distributed around with some variance note . as a consequence , the output variable is a gaussian variable with zero mean and variance . according to shannon s theory , the classical correlations between the input and output variables lead to a mutual information where is the signal to noise ratio ( snr ) . this formula gives the maximal number of bits per gaussian value that can be sent throug", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17046266794204712, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We study the security of two - way coherent - state protocol of ref. Against individual attacks where an eavesdropper ( eve ) combines two different gaussian quantum cloning machines ( also called _ gausian cloners _). In particular, we show that the first cloNER is fixed to be symmetric in the output clones. This symmetry condition enables us to derive the results quite easily but clearly restricts our security analysis to a preliminary stage.", "reference_summary": "we consider one of the quantum key distribution protocols recently introduced in ref . [ pirandola et al . , nature physics * 4 * , 726 ( 2008 ) ] . this protocol consists in a two - way quantum communication between alice and bob , where alice encodes secret information via a random phase - space displacement of a coherent state . in particular , we study its security against a specific class of individual attacks which are based on combinations of gaussian quantum cloning machines ."}
{"id": "paper_21", "title": "Design and scientific investigation are recognized as key components of undergraduate physics...", "text": "there is currently widespread acceptance among the physics education research community as well as organizations concerned with preparing students for future jobs in stem fields that undergraduate laboratory curricula should have a strong focus on construction of knowledge and design of experiments to test models. many successful science curricula such as the investigative science learning environment ( isle ) , learning by design ( lbd ) , and scientific community labs ( scl ) have been developed with these as primary goals. etkina et al showed that isle students who designed their own experiments not only performed as well as other non - design isle students on traditional exams , but they also significantly outperformed the non - design group on experimental tasks that required application of scientific abilities to a new situation. a key component of curricula like isle and lbd is the implementation of an inquiry learning cycle and having the opportunity to practice that learning cycle many times . that is , students are provided with a framework that reflects scientific habits of mind. many examples of such frameworks can be found in the literature. while these learning cycles tend to focus on designing experiments to answer a particular question ( i.e. , what is the relationship between the period and length of a pendulum ? ) , another class of design which is perhaps more relevant to this study is what could be called _ engineering design_. that is , students design a device or system capable of achieving a certain goal ( i.e. , a circuit capable of turning on an led two seconds after a switch is thrown ) . the engineering is elementary ( eie ) curriculum has developed their own learning cycle for this kind of design. what all of the learning cycles have in common is that students develop a plan , execute the plan , compare results against expectations / desired results , then go back and refine the plan . the process continues until the students have answere", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.19448092579841614, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The engineering is elementary curriculum has developed their own learning cycle for designing a device or system capable of turning on an led two seconds after a switch is thrown. This cycle is based on the design of a circuit capable of achieving a certain goal ( i. E., a Circuit capable of Turning on an LED two seconds apr\u00e8s a Switch is tossed ). The students develop a plan, execute the plan and compare results against expectations / desired results, then go back and refine the plan to improve the results.", "reference_summary": "design and scientific investigation are recognized as key components of undergraduate physics laboratory curricula . in light of this , many successful lab programs have been developed to train students to develop these abilities , and students in these programs have been shown to exhibit a higher transfer rate of scientific abilities to new situations . in this paper , i use data from an electronics class for physics majors to investigate how giving students the opportunity to design circuits b"}
{"id": "paper_22", "title": "I present a brief overview of the advantages of using a consistent effective lagrangian approach in...", "text": "in this talk i will discuss the possibilities of detecting non - physics thorough virtual effects at a high - energy linear collider . in the description of these effects i will use the effective lagrangian formalism . it is a commonly held belief that the standard model is but the low - energy limit of a more fundamental theory . in fact there is a myriad of models which reduce to the at low energies ( below , say , ) but which exhibit a plethora of new effects at smaller scales . i will adopt this paradigm with the added condition that there is a energy gap between the scale and the scale of new physics . one important goal of the approach i will follow ( for general references see and references therein ) is to obtain reliable estimates ( or reliable bounds ) for using current data ; this information can then be used to estimate the energy at which new colliders must operate . note that there are interesting models which do _ not _ satisfy . for example , many supersymmetric theories predict light , non- scalars of masses below . one can discuss such theories using the formalism to be developed below , but in order to do so the spectrum at low energies must be modified to include all the light supersymmetric particles . i will not consider this possibility here ( see ) . given the presence of a gap we can imagine integrating out all the heavy excitations of the theory . the effective interactions ( for the light particles ) generated in this manner are summarized in an effective lagrangian . schematically , denoting the heavy fields by , the light fields by , and the action for the theory underlying the by , then the effective action is \\ ;  ( i s ) ]\\ ] ] note that will have a dependence on , and that assumed much larger than any of the light physics scales ( including the energy at the available experiments ) . thus one can do an expansion in powers of ( up to possible logarithmic factors ) , where can be expanded as a linear combination of _ local _ operators ", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.1697523593902588, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We discuss the possibility of detecting non - physics thorough virtual effects at a high - energy linear collider. In this talk i will discuss the possibilities of identifying non _ physics through virtuelle effects at low energies.", "reference_summary": "i present a brief overview of the advantages of using a consistent effective lagrangian approach in parameterizing virtual new physics effects . i then apply the formalism to certain top - quark processes . 6.5 in 16.7 cm by -2.2 cm by -2 cm by 1 in # 1^(#1 ) # 1su(#1 ) = ^^j # 1#2#3*#1 * , # 2 ( # 3 ) # 1#2#3*#1 * ( # 3 ) # 2 p 16 prd references 16 npb references #1#2#3astron . astrophys . # 1#2#3astron . astrophys . suppl . # 1#2#3amer . j. phys . # 1#2#3am . ny acad . sci . # 1#2#3ann . phys "}
{"id": "paper_23", "title": "In multi - object stochastic systems , the issue of sensor management is a theoretically and...", "text": "multi - target sensor control / management is essentially an optimal non - linear control problem . the goal of multi - target sensor management is to direct the right sensor on the right platform to the right target at the right time . however , the multi - target sensor control problem differs from the classical control problem in that it deals with highly complex multi - object stochastic systems . in multi - object stochastic systems , not only do the number of objects vary randomly in time , but the measurements are subject to missed detections and false alarms . this means that the multi - target state and multi - target observation are inherently finite - set - valued . consequently , standard optimal control techniques are not directly applicable . nonetheless , the multi - target sensor scheduling problem can still be cast in the framework of partially observed markov decision processes ( pomdps ) , where the states and observations are instead finite - set - valued , and control vectors are drawn from a set of admissible sensor actions based on the current information states , which are then judged against the values of an objective function associated with each action . a unified approach to characterizing systems with finite - set - valued states is the multi - object systems framework , where uncertainty is described by multi - object probability density functions , and formalized via point process theory , or equivalently by random finite set ( rfs ) theory through mahler s finite set statistics ( fisst ) . the key advantage of the rfs based approach is that of a principled framework for modelling , estimation and control of multi - object systems . in this paper , we formulate the sensor control problem as a pomdp with an information - theoretic objective function as well as finite - set - valued states and measurements . in essence , our approach can be summarized by three basic steps : 1 . modelling the sensor and targets as a multi - object stochas", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.16439829766750336, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a non - linear approach to the multi - target sensor control problem, which is essentially an optimal non - lineal control problem in multi _ object stochastic systems. The multi point process theory ( rfs ) is a framework for modelling and estimation of multi _ target _ sensors. It is based on a random finite set ( ) theory, where uncertainty is defined by multi.", "reference_summary": "in multi - object stochastic systems , the issue of sensor management is a theoretically and computationally challenging problem . in this paper , we present a novel random finite set ( rfs ) approach to the multi - target sensor management problem within the partially observed markov decision process ( pomdp ) framework . the multi - target state is modelled as a multi - bernoulli rfs , and the multi - bernoulli filter is used in conjunction with two different control objectives : maximizing th"}
{"id": "paper_24", "title": "In this paper , we studied the strategies to enhance synchronization on directed networks by...", "text": "synchronization is an important dynamical process in many systems . understanding and controlling this collective dynamics is of both theoretical and practical significance . many methods have been proposed to enhance the network synchronizability , including the redistribution of the coupling strengths , the modification of the network structure , the flipping of link directionality , and so on . each group of methods has its specific range of applications since different systems are under different technical constrains . as real systems are frequently manipulated by growing out new connections and eliminating redundant connections , we here focus on the link reconstructing method to enhance synchronizability . the word reconstructing \" stands for manipulations including adding , removing and rewiring links , and in each manipulation only one link is created or changed . the reconstructing method for undirected networks has already been studied by using the information embedded in laplacian eigenvectors . however , the spectral method can not be directly applied to directed networks , since the complex value emerges in eigenvectors when the laplacian matrix is asymmetry . up to now , how reconstructing methods affect the synchronization on directed networks lacks of systematic consideration . previous works show that there are two important factors that mainly affect the synchronization on directed networks : the in - degree distribution and the hierarchical structure . generally speaking , the more homogeneous the in - degree distribution in a directed network is , the stronger the network synchronizability is . the synchronizability in directed networks can be approximately expressed by . a smaller indicates a better synchronizability . accordingly , to enhance synchronizability in directed networks , we can either decrease or increase which are respectively corresponding to removing the links that point to the nodes with maximum in - degree or adding links that ", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.16207508742809296, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We study the link reconstructing method for directed networks. In this paper, we show that the in - degree distribution of the network is significantly affected by the number of links that point to the nodes with maximum in. We also discuss the effect of adding or removing links on the synchronizability of the networks, and show that it can be used to enhance the synchronousizabilit\u00e9 of the systems.", "reference_summary": "in this paper , we studied the strategies to enhance synchronization on directed networks by manipulating a fixed number of links . we proposed a centrality - based reconstructing ( cbr ) method , where the node centrality is measured by the well - known pagerank algorithm . extensive numerical simulation on many modeled networks demonstrated that the cbr method is more effective in facilitating synchronization than the degree - based reconstructing method and random reconstructing method for ad"}
{"id": "paper_25", "title": "The problem of two magnetic impurities in a normal metal exposes the two opposite tendencies in the...", "text": "it is well - recognized that the competition between the single - ion kondo effect and the ruderman - kittel - kasuya - yosida ( rkky ) interaction , the two inevitable forces in any kondo systems with more than one local impurity magnetic moment , plays a crucial role in correlated systems ranging from dilute magnetic alloys to heavy fermion compounds . the indirect rkky interaction , namely the interimpurity interaction mediated by conduction electrons via a short - range ( on - site ) kondo coupling , oscillates and decays with the interimpurity distance and fermi momentum . when the rkky interaction grows toward the strong antiferromagnetic limit , the quantum many - body ground state will evolve from a collective kondo singlet state into the interimpurity singlet state locked by the rkky interaction . however , whether a distinct separation or a quantum critical point exists between the two singlet ground states has remained elusive . this theoretical issue has a fundamental importance as it closely correlates with the critical divergence or scaling behavior of several physical quantities , or emergent energy scales in realistic materials . it is remarkable that even for the simplest case with only two local impurities , i.e. , the two - impurity kondo model ( tikm) , the evidences for a quantum critical point separating the two distinct singlet states do not converge . on the one hand , the early numerical renormalization group ( nrg ) studies revealed an unstable fixed point characterized by diverging impurity staggered susceptibility and coefficient of specific heat at a finite ratio of the rkky interaction to the kondo temperature ( ) . on the other hand , the subsequent well - controlled quantum monte carlo ( qmc ) studies did not find such a divergence , instead , a crossover behavior in the corresponding quantities at very low but still finite temperatures was observed . since then , although the effective field theory analysis suggested the occurrence o", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.16852131485939026, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new theoretical study of the interaction between the single - ion kondo effect and the ruderman - kittel -kasuya -yosida ( rkky ) interaction in two - impurity k Mondelez - de la sc\u00e9nat, a model with a finite number of local impurities. The results are consistent with the experimental data for the first time, which show that the quantum critical point exists between the two distinct ground states.", "reference_summary": "the problem of two magnetic impurities in a normal metal exposes the two opposite tendencies in the formation of a singlet ground state , driven respectively by the single - ion kondo effect with conduction electrons to screen impurity spins or the ruderman - kittel - kasuya - yosida interaction between the two impurities to directly form impurity spin singlet . however , whether the competition between these two tendencies can lead to a quantum critical point has been debated over more than two"}
{"id": "paper_26", "title": "We consider deeply virtual compton scattering and deep inelastic scattering in presence of regge...", "text": "in the past two decades , notable theoretical activity has been dedicated to the study of the generalized parton distributions ( gpd s ) . gpd s allow one to access the nucleon structure in a more detailed manner than the parton distribution functions ( pdf s ) studied within dis paradigm , and are a direct generalization of the latter . to access gpd s , it was proposed to study hard exclusive processes like deeply virtual compton scattering , ( dvcs ) or meson electroproduction , , at high virtuality of the photon originating from the scattered lepton , and low momentum transfer between recoiled and target nucleon . at present dvcs has been studied experimentally at hera and jefferson lab . interpretability of hard exclusive processes in terms of the gpd s that are universal objects for all such reaction , is empowered by the collinear factorization theorem that , similarly as for dis , allows for a separation of the soft hadronic amplitude from perturbative , qcd process with the former leading to four gpd s . to the lowest order in the qcd coupling , , the full amplitude then corresponds to the handbag diagram depicted in fig . [ fig : handbag ] . paratactical applications , however , rest upon , the a priori unknown rate of convergence of the perturbative expansion . at low bjorken- qcd corrections to the handbag diagram involve large logarithms in both and . while significant progress has been made in devising various resumation schemes , to date no first principle solution for the scattering amplitude exists . it is also accepted that the natural physical interpretation of the low- dis is quite different from that of parton model description of the valence region . that many orders in the expansion may been needed to describe the low- region is consistent with the ample evidence that in exclusive electroproduction nonperturbative phenomena play an important role in the nominally perturbative domain . the structure functions at low- have the behavior character", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17126168310642242, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We study the amplitude of deep virtual compton scattering ( dvcs ) at high virtuality of the photon originating from the scattered lepton and low momentum transfer between recoiled and target nucleon. The a priori unknown rate of convergence of the perturbative expansion is a key factor for the interpretation of the low- dis. In this paper, we present a first principle solution to the scattering amplititude of the d - bjorken- qcd process, which allows us to obtain a generalized parton.", "reference_summary": "we consider deeply virtual compton scattering and deep inelastic scattering in presence of regge exchanges that are part of the non - perturbative quark - nucleon amplitude . in particular we discuss contribution from the pomeron exchange and demonstrate how it leads to regge scaling of the compton amplitude . comparison with hera data is given ."}
{"id": "paper_27", "title": "The reaction at low energies is studied with a chiral quark model approach", "text": "our knowledge about resonances is much poorer than that of nucleon resonances . even for the well - established low - lying negative parity states , such as , and , their properties are still controversial . up to now we can not clarify whether these states are excited three quark states , dynamically generated resonances , three quark states containing multi - quark components or the other explanations , although there are extensive discussions about their natures . recently , we systematically studied the reactions in a chiral quark model approach . obvious roles of the low - lying negative parity states , , and , are found in the reactions , where we have extracted their strong coupling properties . for example , we found that should have a very weak coupling to , while needs a strong coupling to , which can not be well explained with the symmetry constituent quark model in the limit . to obtain more strong coupling properties and better understandings of these low - lying resonances , in this work , we will continue to study another important reaction . this reaction provides us a very clear place to study the low - lying resonances , because only the resonances contribute here due to the isospin selection rule . especially , the poorly known strong coupling of to might be reliably obtained from the , for this reaction at threshold is dominated by formation of the . recently , the new data of the reaction from crystal ball collaboration were analyzed with an effective lagrangian model by liu and xie . they might find some evidence of a exotic -wave resonance with mass mev and width mev in the reaction , which will be discussed in present work as well . furthermore , to understand the natures of these strong coupling properties extracted from the scattering , we will further carry out a systematical study of the strong decays of the low - lying negative parity resonances in the chiral quark model approach as well . combing the strong coupling properties extracted", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.16930273175239563, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We study the strong decays of the low - lying negative parity resonances in the chiral quark model approach. We find that the weak coupling to is very weak and needs a strong coupling, which can not be well explained with the symmetry constituent quark models in the limit. For this reaction, we have extracted their strong couping properties from the scattering.", "reference_summary": "the reaction at low energies is studied with a chiral quark model approach . good descriptions of the existing experimental data are obtained . it is found that dominates the reaction around threshold . furthermore , - and -channel backgrounds play crucial roles in this reaction as well . the contributions from the -wave state are negligibly small for its tiny coupling to . to understand the strong coupling properties of the low - lying negative parity resonances extracted from the scattering , "}
{"id": "paper_28", "title": "We investigate the evolution of binary fractions in star clusters using -body models of up to stars", "text": "the binary content of a globular cluster is important in determining the frequency and nature of cluster stellar exotica , as well as the dynamical evolution of the cluster . it has long been recognized that binary formation is inevitable in a self - gravitating system - body calculations published . they were continued until the first binary formed , at which point the calculations were halted . ] . indeed , the presence of binaries as a central energy source is vital to avoid complete core - collapse ( goodman & hut 1989 ) . however , only more recently has it been realised that globular clusters must also have formed with a sizeable binary population ( see hut et al . 1992 for an early review ) . that globular clusters harbour a mixture of dynamically formed and primordial binaries can be used to understand observations of their stellar content , such as the diverse blue straggler population in 47 tucanae ( mapelli et al . 2004 ) . knowledge of the likely primordial binary fraction of globular clusters is essential as input to models of globular cluster evolution . it also provides a constraint on the cluster formation process . considering that the presence of binaries in the cluster core has a pronounced effect on the core properties and cluster evolution ( hut 1996 ) , knowledge of the central binary frequency is also important . indications are that this is relatively small of the order of 20% ( e.g. bellazzini et al . 2002 ) or less ( e.g. cool & bolton 2002 ) when compared to the frequencies of binaries observed in the solar neighbourhood ( duquennoy & mayor 1991 ) and open clusters such as m67 ( fan et al . 1996 ) which are of the order of 50% . it would be particularly useful to take measurements of the current binary fraction in globular clusters whether that be in the core or outer regions and extrapolate backwards to gain a reliable determination of the primordial binary content . however , processes involved in the intervening cluster evolution make t", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.18293960392475128, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new method for determining the binary content of globular clusters. We use the tetrahedral - based method to obtain a reliable determination of the binary fraction in globular clusters and compare it with the results obtained by a self - gravitating system - body calculation. The method is based on the spherical - model, which allows us to extract the binary contents from the core or outer regions of the cluster. Our method is also applicable to the globulation of a cluster, such.", "reference_summary": "we investigate the evolution of binary fractions in star clusters using -body models of up to stars . primordial binary frequencies in these models range from 5% to 50% . simulations are performed with the nbody4 code and include a full mass spectrum of stars , stellar evolution , binary evolution and the tidal field of the galaxy . we find that the overall binary fraction of a cluster almost always remains close to the primordial value , except at late times when a cluster is near dissolution ."}
{"id": "paper_29", "title": "The cp - restoring phase transition at and high temperature is investigated using two related...", "text": "the nambu - jona - lasinio ( njl ) model , introduced in refs . , is a model for low energy qcd that contains four - point interactions between the quarks . in this paper the following form of the njl model is used , in the notation of ref . where is the current quark mass . in contrast to ref . , here the up and down quark masses are taken equal , which matters little for our present purposes . furthermore , ,\\ ] ] is the attractive part of the channel of the fierz transformed color current - current interaction and is the t hooft determinant interaction which depends on the qcd vacuum angle and describes the effects of instantons . in the literature and are often taken equal , which at means that the low energy spectrum consists of and fields only , but here we will allow them to be different . we will restrict to the two flavor case , using with as generators of u(2 ) . we will not consider nonzero baryon or isospin chemical potential . the symmetry structure of the njl model is very similar to that of qcd . in the absence of quark masses and the instanton interaction , there is a global su(3)u(2)u(2)-symmetry . the instanton interaction breaks it to su(3)su(2)su(2)u(1) . for nonzero , but equal quark masses this symmetry is reduced to su(3)su(2)u(1) . we choose the parameters the same way as in refs . this means we write where the parameter controls the instanton interaction , while the value for the quark condensate at ( which is determined by the combination ) is kept fixed . for our numerical studies we will use the following values for the parameters : mev , a three - dimensional momentum uv cut - off mev/ and . these values lead to a pion mass of mev , a pion decay constant of mev and finally , a quark condensate , all in reasonable agreement with experimental determinations . to calculate the ground state of the theory , the effective potential has to be minimized . in this section the effective potential is calculated in the mean - field approximation . i", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.1681540310382843, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a numerical study of the ground state of the nambu - jona - lasinio model for low energy qcd. The ground states are determined by the pion mass and the uv cut - off mev/ and. We use the following values for the parameters: mev, a three -dimensional momentum uV cut -off mev and finally, the quark condensate.", "reference_summary": "the cp - restoring phase transition at and high temperature is investigated using two related models that aim to describe the low - energy phenomenology of qcd , the njl model and the linear sigma model coupled to quarks . despite many similarities between the models , different predictions for the order of the phase transition result . using the landau - ginzburg formalism , the origin of this difference is traced back to a non - analytic vacuum term at zero temperature that is present in the n"}
{"id": "paper_30", "title": "We review some of the recent achievements of the joint physics analysis center , a theoretical...", "text": "one of the many challenges of physics is to achieve a comprehensive understanding of the phenomena produced by strong coupling quantum chromodynamics ( qcd ) , responsible for the binding of quarks inside hadrons and for more than 95% of the mass of the visible universe . hadrons are color singlets due to color confinement . hence , the simplest structures are ( quark - antiquark ) for mesons and ( 3-quarks ) for baryons . however , there are many other ways we could build color neutral hadrons , for example : glueballs made out of a number of gluons , multi - quark states such as tetraquarks ( ) or pentaquarks ( ) , hybrid mesons and baryons with gluonic components ( and ) and so on . for a recent , brief and pedagogical summary of the current status of hadron physics we refer the reader to . in the last years we have witnessed a dramatic advancement in detection techniques and accelerator technologies from the experimental side and algorithms for first principle qcd analyses on the theoretical side . consequently , many experimental facilities throughout the world have research programs on hadron spectroscopy , among them : lhcb , cms and compass at cern ( geneve , switzerland ) , clas12 and gluex at jefferson lab ( newport news va , usa ) , besiii at the beijing electron positron collider ( beijing , china ) , kloe2 at laboratori nazionali di frascati ( frascati , italy ) , belleii at kek ( tsukuba , japan ) , the hadron experimental facility at j - parc ( tokai , japan ) , and ( hopefully ) the future panda at fair ( darmstadt , germany ) . as a result , several candidates for _ exotic _ hadrons beyond the and picture have been discovered both in the meson and baryon sectors . given the experimental and theoretical interest on hadron spectroscopy , the joint physics analysis center ( jpac ) was set up to develop theoretical and phenomenological analysis methods to support hadron physics experiments . it started out in 2013 with 8 researchers , as a joint venture", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.19104157388210297, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new method for the detection of color neutral hadrons in the meson and baryons. This method is based on the spectral analysis of the gluons in the tetraquarks ( ) and pentaquark ( ), both of which are derived from the qcd theory. The method is applied to the spectra of the mesons and barion, as well as to the photons in a hybrid meson.", "reference_summary": "we review some of the recent achievements of the joint physics analysis center , a theoretical collaboration with ties to experimental collaborations , that aims to provide amplitudes suitable for the analysis of the current and forthcoming experimental data on hadron physics . since its foundation in 2013 , the group is focused on hadron spectroscopy in preparation for the forthcoming high statistics and high precision experimental data from belleii , besiii , clas12 , compass , gluex , lhcb an"}
{"id": "paper_31", "title": "We investigate coulomb blockade thermometers ( cbt ) in an intermediate temperature regime , where...", "text": "since the single electron tunneling phenomena were described about 30 years ago , many devices based on small tunnel junctions have been demonstrated . an example of such a device is the coulomb blockade thermometer ( cbt ) using one or two dimensional arrays of tunnel junctions . cbt based on electron tunneling enables one to relate the measured voltage to temperature with the help of boltzmann constant , which could thus provide a means to revise the definition of kelvin . a related idea forms the basis of shot - noise thermometry , described in refs . cbt thermometry is based on the change of electrical conductance of tunnel junction arrays . typically , cbt works in a weak coulomb blockade regime , where the charging energy of the system with junctions in series is e^2/c_{}$ ] and is the total capacitance of an island between the junctions that depends on the physical size of the contact and the self capacitance of the island . in this regime , cbt sensor works as a primary thermometer , meaning that calibration is not needed . for a uniform array , the differential conductance scaled by its asymptotic value at large positive and negative voltages can be written in terms of bias voltage as where the function /[8 ^4(x/2)]$ ] determines the bias dependence . primary measurements of temperature can be achieved from the measurement of full width of the conductance dip at half minimum thus , obtained temperature does not depend on the geometry or material of a sensor . a secondary temperature measurement can be obtained by recording the depth of the zero bias conductance dip with parameter . as was shown in ref . , at high temperature ( in that case 4.2 k ) the measured conductances follow quite well the expression in eq . ( [ eq.3 ] ) . in this letter , we demonstrate experimentally the extension of coulomb blockade thermometry into an intermediate temperature regime described theoretically in refs . . experiments employing quantum dot thermometry , investigating el", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17862148582935333, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new method for measuring the temperature of coulomb blockade thermometers using quantum dot thermometry. This technique is based on the change of electrical conductance of tunnel junction arrays. The measured conductances are scaled by their asymptotic value at large positive and negative voltages, which can be written in terms of bias voltage. We show that the measured Conductances follow quite well the expression in eq.", "reference_summary": "we investigate coulomb blockade thermometers ( cbt ) in an intermediate temperature regime , where measurements with enhanced accuracy are possible due to the increased magnitude of the differential conductance dip . previous theoretical results show that corrections to the half width and to the depth of the measured conductance dip of a sensor are needed , when leaving the regime of weak coulomb blockade towards lower temperatures . in the present work , we demonstrate experimentally that the t"}
{"id": "paper_32", "title": "Most models for barrier pricing are designed to let a market maker tune the model - implied...", "text": "barrier option pricing is sensitive to parameters of stochastic volatility models mostly through what the model implies about the covariance between the asset spot price and the implied volatility skew ( see appendix [ bardepcorr ] for an elaboration of this intuition ) . in most markets there is indeed significant positive realized correlation between spot and volatility skew , and this dynamic can materially impact fair prices for barrier options . in foreign exchange markets , where barrier options are a liquid vanilla exotic \" product , this is generally implemented with some flavor of local volatility / stochastic volatility ( lvsv ) mixture model ( for example , ) . a typical formulation is : here , is the asset spot price and represents a stochastic factor on the instantaneous variance that follows a mean - reverting square root process . is the normal risk - neutral drift of spot , equal to the discount rate minus the asset discount rate . in this lvsv model the local volatility term is calibrated to to implied volatilities and fills in \" whatever match to implied volatilities is not handled by the pure stochastic volatility piece . this construction means that the volatility of volatility parameter effectively controls the mixture between local and stochastic volatility , and therefore the amount that implied volatility skew moves when the asset spot price moves . in the limit where goes to zero , lvsv is a pure local volatility model , where the model s implied volatility skew moves maximally as the spot price moves . in the limit where and are set such that , with constant , the model most closely matches the market implied volatilities , lvsv s implied volatility skew moves the least as spot moves . therefore , in lvsv , the parameter controls the model - implied covariance between spot and implied volatility skew . however , it suffers from the same key problem as a pure local volatilty model : the contribution to forward skew and smile from the local v", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17295017838478088, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new method for calculating the local volatility skew in barrier option pricing. This method is based on the lvsv model, where the local skewitness parameter is calibrated to the market implied volatilities and filled in. The skewie of the local stochastic volatility parameter is determined by the -valued -price - skewitz - lattice. We show that the kev - lemmon - de - marquette - peterson ( kem ).", "reference_summary": "most models for barrier pricing are designed to let a market maker tune the model - implied covariance between moves in the asset spot price and moves in the implied volatility skew . this is often implemented with a local volatility / stochastic volatility mixture model , where the mixture parameter tunes that covariance . this paper defines an alternate model where the spot / volatility correlation is a separate mean - reverting stochastic variable which is itself correlated with spot . we als"}
{"id": "paper_33", "title": "This paper describes a 50 mhz system being developed for gmrt to provide imaging capability in the...", "text": "the giant metrewave radio telescope ( gmrt ) is an interferometric array consisting of thirty 45-m diameter antennas spread over 25 km , operating in frequency bands centred around 151 , 325 , 610/235 , and 1400 mhz . receivers and feeds for operation at frequencies below 100 mhz are currently not available . a 50 mhz system for gmrt is being built by the raman research institute , bangalore , to carry out a low frequency survey of the sky visible to gmrt with arcmin resolution and better surface brightness sensitivity . the survey results and the observing system will be made available to the astronomy community . with a primary beam area of 0.03 steradians , a mosaic of about 300 pointings is required to cover the northern sky . expected survey parameters , at 50 mhz , assuming a 10 mhz bandwidth , are given below and a comparison with other major surveys is given in table [ t : surveycomparison ] . nominal system temperature : k ( sky dominated ) . synthesized beam : . rms sensitivity ( 4 hr synthesis with dual polarization ) : mjy beam ( thermal noise limited ) . this is about two orders of magnitude better than the 74 mhz vla survey . we expect the proposed 50 mhz survey to be at least an order of magnitude better even if we do not achieve the thermal noise limited sensitivity but get limited by the dynamic range . r | c c c c c c + * survey * & * sky * & * telescope * & * surveying * & * rms * & * equivalent rms * + * name * & * coverage * & * time * & * speed * & * noise * & * noise at 50 mhz * + ( frequency ) & steradians & hours & hours / steradian & - in mjy & - in mjy + + + * rri - gmrt ( 50 mhz ) * & 3 & 1200 & 128 & 2(10 ) * & 2(10 ) * + * nvss ( 1.4 ghz ) * & 10.3 & 2700 & 262 & 0.45 & 6.5 + * wenss ( 325 mhz ) * & & 960 & 305 & 3.6 & 16 + * vlss ( 74 mhz ) * & & 900 & 95 & 100 & 137 + + + * terms in brackets denote dynamic range limited performance . [ t : surveycomparison ] the main goals of the feed system design were to obtain a reasonable aperture", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.18912078440189362, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a survey of the northern sky at 50 mhz with a spectral resolution of. The system is being built by the raman research institute in bangalore to carry out a low frequency survey of gmrt with arcmin resolution and better surface brightness sensitivity. We expect the survey to be at least an order of magnitude better than the 74 m.", "reference_summary": "this paper describes a 50 mhz system being developed for gmrt to provide imaging capability in the frequency range 30 - 90 mhz . due to its larger collecting area and higher antenna efficiency , the low frequency gmrt system will be several times more sensitive than the present 74 mhz vla system and is likely to remain a competitive instrument in this frequency band . in the first phase of this project , receiver systems consisting of v - dipole feeds and front - ends have been installed on four"}
{"id": "paper_34", "title": "We consider cosmological consequences of a heavy axino , decaying to the neutralino in r - parity...", "text": "neutralino , if it is the lightest supersymmetric particle ( lsp ) in r - parity conserving models , is a natural candidate for dark matter . because of the tev scale sparticle interactions , the thermal history of neutralinos allows the neutralino dark matter possibility . but , imposing a solution of the strong cp problem , the thermal history involves contributions from the additional sector . the strong cp problem is naturally solved by introducing a very light axion . most probably , it appears when the peccei - quinn ( pq ) symmetry is broken at a scale of . below the pq scale , the effective axion interaction with gluons is where is the strong coupling constant . the pq scale is constrained by the astrophysical and cosmological considerations in the narrow window . tev scale supersymmetry ( susy ) suggests axino , the superpartner of axion , around the electroweak scale in the gravity mediation scenario . here , we consider the effects of _ heavy _ axinos in cosmology . the axino cosmology depends crucially on the axino decoupling temperature , where . the axion supermultiplet includes axion , saxion ( the scalar partner ) and axino . both saxion and axino masses are split from the almost vanishing axion mass if susy is broken . the precise value of the axino mass depends on the model , specified by the susy breaking sector and the mediation sector to the axion supermultiplet . in principle , the axion supermultiplet is independent from the observable sector in which case we may take the axino mass as a free parameter of order from kev to a value much larger than the gravitino mass . light axinos can be a dark matter ( dm ) candidate , which has been studied extensively . heavy axinos , however , can not be the lsp and can decay to the lsp plus light particles . this heavy axino decay to neutralino was considered in the literature where the neutralino relic density was not considered seriously . some considered the axino as the next lsp decaying to the gravit", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.16968971490859985, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We study the effects of heavy axinos on the cosmology of neutralino. We consider the effect of heavy ( ) axino decays to the axion supermultiplet, which is independent of the observable sector. The _ heavy _ axinian mass is calculated by using the tev scale supersymmetry ( susy ) and the astrophysical and cosmological considerations in the narrow window.", "reference_summary": "we consider cosmological consequences of a heavy axino , decaying to the neutralino in r - parity conserving models . the importance and influence of the axino decay on the resultant abundance of neutralino dark matter depends on the lifetime and the energy density of axino . for a high reheating temperature after inflation , copiously produced axinos dominate the energy density of the universe and its decay produces a large amount of entropy . as a bonus , we obtain that the upper bound on the "}
{"id": "paper_35", "title": "Extending the concepts of light - front field theory to quantum statistics provides a novel...", "text": "at first sight , it seems difficult to define proper temperature for a system `` on the light - front '' , because there is no lorentz transformation to the rest frame of an observer , who is holding the thermometer . despite the fact that this is formally clarified by now ( see sect . 2 ) , i would like to motivate , how temperature could survive `` on the light - front '' . consider the fermi distribution for the canonical ensemble of a noninteracting gas in the instant form ^{-1}, \\ ] ] where is the on - shell energy of a one - particle state with respect to the medium frame . let the velocity of the medium be given by the time - like vector , where . if the medium is at rest with respect to the observer , . for convenience we introduce the momentum of the medium can be achieved by summing all the single - particle energies . ] with . following susskind we now assume an observer moving with a large velocity along the axis in the negative direction . the one - particle momentum components seen from this moving frame are denoted . the momentum of the medium measured with respect to this system is with . as long as the relation between the medium system and the observer s system are given by lorentz transformations . for we introduce the momentum fraction via and expand and , hence , up to and finally arrive at ( in the limit ) this form suggests to introduce light - cone components and to identify the longitudinal fraction with the ( kinematically invariant ) light - cone momentum fraction . after doing so ( [ eqn : imf ] ) becomes the well known transformation of momentum variables , hence the fermi distribution `` on the light - front '' is given by ^{-1 } , \\ ] ] where the on - shell condition in ( [ eqn : fermi ] ) is evaluated for the light - front coordinates , viz . . despite the fact that we have introduced light - front coordinates and done a limiting process the components of the four vector that appear in ( [ eqn : fermilc ] ) are given with respect to t", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.16349777579307556, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We consider the fermi distribution of a noninteracting gas in the instant form,, where is the on - shell energy of a one - particle state with respect to the medium frame. For convenience we introduce the momentum of the medium by summing all the single - particles energies with. After doing so ( [ eqn: imf ] ) becomes the well known transformation of momentum variables, hence the fermions are evaluated for the light - front coordinates.", "reference_summary": "extending the concepts of light - front field theory to quantum statistics provides a novel approach towards nuclear matter under extreme conditions . such conditions exist , e.g. , in neutron stars or in the early stage of our universe . they are experimentally expected to occur in heavy ion collisions , e.g. , at rhic and accelerators to be build at gsi and cern . light - front field theory is particularly suited , since it is based on a relativistic hamiltonian approach . it allows us to trea"}
{"id": "paper_36", "title": "From a search of a deg region covered by both the sloan digital sky survey and ukirt infrared deep...", "text": "massive galaxies found at comprising only relatively old ( gyr ) stars appear to be essentially pristine examples of galaxies that apparently formed at redshifts of 510 or more . virtually all of these , as well as a significant fraction of the population of passive galaxies at , are extremely compact when compared with galaxies of similar mass in the present - day universe ( e.g. , * ? ? ? * ; * ? ? ? * ; * ? ? ? * ; * ? ? ? * ; * ? ? ? * ; * ? ? ? * ; * ? ? ? * ; * ? ? ? * ; * ? ? ? * ; * ? ? ? importantly , these massive compact galaxies must each have formed in a strongly dissipational event over a very short time period ; they are remnants of the very first major episodes of star formation in the universe . the morphologies of these galaxies are important because they can preserve information relevant to formation mechanisms of early - epoch massive galaxies in general . found that % of the massive -band - selected galaxies at have old stellar populations , and estimated that % of the stellar mass in red - sequence galaxies with masses above today was already in place in similar - mass galaxies on the red sequence at . in any case , a significant fraction of the _ very oldest _ stars incorporated into the most massive present - day galaxies may have had their origin in these passive compact galaxies at high redshifts . , using high resolution hubble space telescope ( _ hst _ ) images of the kriek et al . sample , estimated that %100% of these massive galaxies with old stellar populations are extremely compact , with mean effective radii of kpc . in figure 1 , we show the most extreme example of such a galaxy that we have found in a survey of radio - source fields ( a. stockton et al . , in preparation ) . this galaxy , at a redshift of 2.472 , has an apparent stellar mass ( based on a model fit ) of , a stellar population age of 1.9 gyr for an exponentially declining star - formation model with an -folding time of 0.3 gyr , a srsic index , and a circularized ef", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.1706196814775467, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a survey of the radio - source fields of the kriek et al. Sample of massive galaxies at redshifts of 510 or more. We find that %100% of these massive compact galaxii are extremely compact, with mean effective radii of kpc. This is consistent with the observational results obtained by _ hst _ in the _ red - sequence _ survey.", "reference_summary": "from a search of a deg region covered by both the sloan digital sky survey and ukirt infrared deep sky survey databases , we have attempted to identify galaxies at that are consistent with their being essentially unmodified examples of the luminous passive compact galaxies found at . after isolating good candidates via deeper imaging , we further refine the sample with keck moderate - resolution spectroscopy and laser guide star adaptive - optics imaging . for four of the five galaxies that so f"}
{"id": "paper_37", "title": "A simple regge - eikonal model with the eikonal represented as a single - reggeon - exchange term...", "text": "the fraction of the elastic diffractive scattering events in the total number of the collision events at the collision energy 7 - 8 tev is about 25% . at higher energies it is expected to be even higher . hence , understanding of the physical pattern of the small - angle elastic scattering of hadrons is indispensable for general understanding of the strong interaction at ultra - high energies . however , the special status of diffractive studies at high - energy colliders is determined by the fact that diffraction of hadrons takes place due to interaction at large distances . indeed , the transverse size of the hadron interaction region can be estimated through straight application of the corresponding heisenberg uncertainty relation to the experimental elastic angular distributions . for example , at the sps , tevatron , and lhc energies it is of order 1 fm . therefore , exploitation of perturbative qcd for treatment of hadronic diffraction is disabled . the absence of exact theory leads to the emergence of numerous phenomenological models with very different underlying physics ( the references to various models of the nucleon - nucleon elastic diffraction can be found in mini - review ) . the co - existence of a large number of rather complicated ( and , often , incompatible ) models points to the relevance of the question if construction of a much simpler ( but adequate ) approximation is possible . the word `` adequate '' in the last sentence implies as the theoretical correctness , so the satisfactory description of the high - energy evolution of the diffractive pattern . the aim of this work is to demonstrate that a very simple and physically transparent description can be provided in the framework of the well - known regge - eikonal approach which originates from the synthesis of regge theory and quasi - potential approximation . the regge - eikonal approach to description of the elastic scattering of hadrons exploits the eikonal representation of the nonflip", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17413268983364105, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new approach to the description of the elastic scattering of hadrons at high - energy colliders. The regge - eikonal approach is based on the eisenberg uncertainty relation to the experimental elastic angular distributions, which can be used for the treatment of hadronic diffraction. We show that the regges - and eeional approach can be applied to the diffractive scattering at high energies; however, it is not suitable for the application of perturbative q.", "reference_summary": "a simple regge - eikonal model with the eikonal represented as a single - reggeon - exchange term is applied to description of the nucleon - nucleon elastic diffractive scattering at ultra - high energies . the range of validity of the proposed approximation is discussed . the model predictions for the proton - proton cross - sections at the collision energy 14 tev are given ."}
{"id": "paper_38", "title": "A simple agent - based model ( abm ) of the evolution of faith - based systems ( fbs ) in human...", "text": "human societies tend to hold sets of shared and interrelated beliefs that are not directly or easily accessible to proof or disproof . such sets of beliefs , which will be called faith - based systems ( fbss ) , may include , for example , cultural preferences , personal worldview , and belief or disbelief in one or more supreme beings . fbss are often highly detailed and tend to be shared within local communities , but are highly diverse among global communities . dawkins suggested that the evolution and spread of fbss and other cultural information ( memes ) may be subject to natural selection , noting that both parasites and memes are transmissible between hosts and show heritable variation , creating the potential for competition for survival and reproduction . while the meme hypothesis has received considerable theoretical attention , there have been few attempts to explicitly model it . previous models of social transmission have examined mainly two - state systems ; in such models , agent opinions are considered to be transmissible boolean states . such boolean state models do not allow for the evolutionary potential of memetic transmission , which may influence final state distribution , or for the potential for a large number of fbss to exist simultaneously in a single social system . in contrast , fbss can be modelled as continuous states on a binary vector , allowing for memetic evolution among populations of varying fbss . in this paper an agent - based model of the evolution and spread of fbss in a two - dimensional lattice is presented . agent - based models are useful for examining how local properties of individual units interact to produce macroscopic properties of systems , and have been applied in the analysis of social opinion formation , cultural interactions , epidemiology and population dynamics . the current model explores the development of fbss with evolutionarily relevant properties ( faith , proselytism and mutability ) , in simple , indi", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.1740085482597351, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present an agent - based model of the evolution and spread of faith -based systems ( fbss ) in a two -dimensional lattice. The model is based on a simple, indian vector, which allows for the evolution of fcss with evolutionary properties ( faith, proselytism and mutability ). We show that the current model can be applied to the analysis of social opinion formation, cultural interactions, epidemiology and population dynamics.", "reference_summary": "a simple agent - based model ( abm ) of the evolution of faith - based systems ( fbs ) in human social networks is presented . in the model , each agent subscribes to a single fbs , and may be converted to share a different agent s fbs during social interactions . fbss and agents each possess heritable quantitative traits that affect the probability of transmission of fbss . the influence of social network conditions on the intermediate and final macroscopic states is examined ."}
{"id": "paper_39", "title": "We introduce a one - dimensional two - component system with the self - focusing cubic nonlinearity...", "text": "a fundamental effect caused by the interplay of nonlinearity with symmetric potentials is spontaneous symmetry breaking ( ssb ) . the simplest setting where this effect occurs is represented by double - well potentials . a commonly known property of one - dimensional quantum mechanics is that the ground state shares the symmetry of the underlying double - well potential . if the self - attractive cubic nonlinearity is added to the consideration , the corresponding schrdinger equation is transformed into the gross - pitaevskii equation for a bose - einstein condensate ( bec)loaded into the double - well potential , or the nonlinear schrdinger equation for photonic counterparts of the system . the nonlinear term may break the symmetry of the ground state , replacing it by an asymmetric one which minimizes the energy of the system , provided that the strength of the nonlinearity exceeds a certain critical value ( see ref . for the general analysis , and ref . for the consideration of the ssb of self - trapped states in bec ) . the experimental realization of the ssb in double - well potentials was reported in bec markus ( this was done in the condensate with the self - repulsive nonlinearity , which implies the spontaneous breaking of the _ antisymmetry _ of the lowest - energy antisymmetric mode ) and in nonlinear optics . the _ symmetry - breaking bifurcation _ , which destabilizes the original symmetric ground state and gives rise to the ssb in the nonlinear systems , was originally predicted in a discrete model of self - trapping . in nonlinear optics , a similar bifurcation was analyzed in ref . for continuous - wave ( spatially uniform ) light signals in dual - core fibers . the allied bifurcation for solitons in nonlinear dual - core fibers was studied in detail in ref . later , the ssb was studied for gap solitons in the model of the dual - core fiber bragg gratings with the same cubic nonlinearity as in the ordinary fibers . the ssbeffects were also predicted ", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.16894754767417908, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We study the spontaneous symmetry breaking ( ssb ) of two - core fibers in the model of the dual - Core fiber bragg grat. The s - tev - de - lattice is a nonlinear system with a single - well potential. It is characterized by a bifurcation for solitons and gap sOLITONs, which destabilizes the ground state and gives rise to the _ symmetry - breaking _ of the lowest - energy antisymmetric.", "reference_summary": "we introduce a one - dimensional two - component system with the self - focusing cubic nonlinearity concentrated at a symmetric set of two spots . effects of the spontaneous symmetry breaking ( ssb ) of localized modes were previously studied in the single - component version of this system . in this work , we study the evolution ( in the configuration space of the system ) and ssb scenarios for two - component modes of three generic types , as concerns the spatial symmetry of each component : s"}
{"id": "paper_40", "title": "Time reversal of quantum dynamics can be achieved by a global change of the hamiltonian sign ( a...", "text": "while the 1d dynamics in the model considered can be obtained analytically by the continued fraction method , we also evaluate it numerically by developing an algorithm , the pair partitioning , inspired in the trotter strategy used in quantum dynamics . we split the kinetic terms to rewrite the hamiltonian asnow , each term represents an effective hamiltonian for two coupled oscillators , with twice the mass and half of the natural frequency each . pair dynamics is solved analytically and impose a periodic evolution sequence that alternates each coupled pair according to their parity . the total energy is not exactly conserved but fluctuates with an amplitude around the ideal conserved value . since is proportional to , the square of the temporal step , it becomes negligible for typical cases where . the fact that each piecelike dynamics is perfectly reversible is very important for the test of different time reversal procedures . 99 m. fink , sci . am . 281 , may issue ( 1999 ) 67 . r. jalabert and h.m . pastawski , phys . 86 ( 2001 ) 2490 . m. fink , g. montaldo , m. tanter , annual rev . eng . 5 ( 2003 ) 465 . edelman , t. akal , w.s . hodkiss , s. kim , w.a . kuperman , h.c . song , ieee j. ocean eng . 27 ( 2002 ) 602 . pastawski , e.p . danieli , h.l . calvo , l.e.f . foa torres , europhys . 77 ( 2007 ) 40001 . rubin , phys . 131 3 ( 1963 ) 964 . calvo , h.m . pastawski , braz . j. phys . 36 3b ( 2006 ) 963 . e. rufeil fiori and h.m . pastawski , chem . 420 ( 2006 ) 35 . pastawski and e. medina , rev . fsica 47s1 ( 2001 ) 1 , cond - mat/0103219 . h. de raedt , ann . rev . of comp . physics iv ( 1996 )", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.1752108335494995, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We study the hamiltonian asnow for two coupled oscillators in the model of a quantum waveguide. The trotter strategy is used to solve the kinetic terms and the rewrite the HAMILTONIA asnow. We find that the corresponding hamILtonian is not exactly conserved but fluctuates with an amplitude around the ideal conserved value.", "reference_summary": "time reversal of quantum dynamics can be achieved by a global change of the hamiltonian sign ( a hasty loschmidt daemon ) , as in the loschmidt echo experiments in nmr , or by a local but persistent procedure ( a stubborn daemon ) as in the time reversal mirror ( trm ) used in ultrasound acoustics . while the first is limited by chaos and disorder , the last procedure seems to benefit from it . as a first step to quantify such stability we develop a procedure , the perfect inverse filter ( pif )"}
{"id": "paper_41", "title": "The field containing the candidate high mass x - ray binary igr j01363 + 6610 was observed by _ xmm...", "text": "the hard x - ray imaging of the galactic plane by the _ international gamma - ray astrophysics laboratory ( integral ) _ satellite has uncovered a large number of new or previously poorly studied `` igr '' sources . while _ integral _ excels at detecting sources in the 2050 kev band , it only localizes the sources to , requiring follow - up observations with other x - ray satellites to obtain secure optical or ir counterparts , allowing for a determination of the nature of the sources . as more and more of these sources have been identified , possibly the biggest surprise is the large number of high mass x - ray binaries ( hmxbs ) as well as the properties of these systems . many of the dozens of _ integral _ hmxbs have large levels of intrinsic absorption with ( e.g. , * ? ? ? * ) , and these are commonly called obscured hmxbs . in many cases , it appears that this is due to the compact object being embedded in a strong stellar wind . some members of the group of _ integral _ hmxbs exhibit other extreme properties , including the high amplitude x - ray flaring of the supergiant fast x - ray transients ( sfxts , * ? ? ? * ; * ? ? ? * ) or long - period pulsations from very slowly rotating neutron stars . _ integral _ observations have also led to the addition of more hmxbs in the be x - ray binary class . the optical flux from these systems is dominated by an early - type star with emission lines from a circumstellar disk . in most cases , transient x - ray emission demonstrates the binary nature of the system as eccentric orbits lead to periodic x - ray outbursts when the compact object approaches periastron . of the 64 known be x - ray binary systems , x - ray pulsations indicate the presence of a neutron star in 42 cases , and the compact object type is unknown for the remaining systems . one of the interesting properties of this class is the observed correlation between the orbital period and the spin period of the neutron star . igr j01363 + 6610 has been tenta", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17948433756828308, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new study of the optical flux from high mass x - ray binaries ( hmxbs ) in the 2050 kev band. The _ integral _ satellite has been used to detect a large number of new or previously poorly studied igr sources, and is currently undergoing follow - up observations with other x.", "reference_summary": "the field containing the candidate high mass x - ray binary igr j01363 + 6610 was observed by _ xmm - newton _ on 2009 july 31 for 28 ks . a be star was previously suggested as the possible counterpart of the _ integral _ source , and although _ chandra _ , during a 2007 observation , did not detect an x - ray source at the position of the be star , we find a variable source ( xmmu j013549.5 + 661243 ) with an average x - ray flux of ergs s ( 0.212 kev , unabsorbed ) at this position with _ xmm "}
{"id": "paper_42", "title": "We present the results of a search for submillimetre - luminous host galaxies of optically dark...", "text": "it is generally now accepted that the afterglow emission resulting from ( long - duration , soft - spectrum ) gamma - ray bursts ( grbs ) can be explained by an ultra - relativistic shock - wave expanding into a surrounding medium . the precise nature of the progenitor systems is not a settled issue . the two most popular theories both involve stellar remnants : the collapsar / hypernova model , in which a single massive progenitor star undergoes core collapse ; and the binary merger theory , in which two massive stellar remnants , such as neutron stars , merge . both of these scenarios may be able to explain the energetics of the explosion that produces the grbs , particularly if they are beamed , since the energies of grbs are comparable to those involved in the formation of typical stellar - progenitor black holes . recently , the collapsar / hypernova model has gained support from three sets of observations : firstly , it was confirmed that the positions of some grbs accurately localized by the observation of optical and/or radio afterglows , were found to be within star - forming regions of their host galaxies , which themselves are frequently starburst galaxies . this is supported by x - ray determinations of the hi column density along the line of sight to grbs , which is consistent with their residing in grbs . during their creation , it is likely that the massive stellar remnants required in the binary merger scenario would receive a substantial ` kick ' velocity , so that the merger event causing the grb would take place outside of the star - forming region of the host galaxy . also , the delay required between formation of the remnants and their merger may well be long enough for star formation to have ceased in the host , suggesting that the host galaxy would no longer be luminous . hence the position measurements of support the single massive progenitor theory . note though , that one should be wary of a potential selection effect : the detection of a g", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17894230782985687, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new method for the detection of long - duration soft - spectrum gamma - ray bursts ( grbs ) in the host galaxy. This technique is used to detect the afterglow emission from the gam - radio burstic explosion, which is a result of a shock wave expanding into a surrounding medium. The results are consistent with the theory that the grb is based on a single massive progenitor star.", "reference_summary": "we present the results of a search for submillimetre - luminous host galaxies of optically dark gamma - ray bursts ( grbs ) using the submillimetre common - user bolometer array ( scuba ) on the james clerk maxwell telescope ( jcmt ) . we made photometry measurements of the 850- flux at the location of four ` dark bursts ' , which are those with no detected optical afterglow despite rapid deep searches , and which may therefore be within galaxies containing substantial amounts of dust . we were "}
{"id": "paper_43", "title": "The theoretical treatment of homogeneous static magnetic fields in periodic systems is challenging...", "text": "the ability to compute the response of periodic systems to homogeneous electric fields , strain and atomic displacements is a key ingredient in our current understanding of dielectric materials ( also ferroelectrics , piezoelectrics ) : from first principles, one obtains easily the polarization , dielectric constants , piezoelectric coefficients , phonon band structure , etc . compared to the treatment of such responses for molecules , the handling of periodic boundary conditions has raised numerous challenges : for instance , the linear potential associated with a static homogeneous electric field breaks the translational symmetry . while such problems have been successfully addressed for the above - mentioned perturbations , the treatment of _ homogeneous magnetic fields _ is not as mature . with the current interest in multiferroc materials, and the long - term interest in magnetic field - based spectroscopies , a unified framework for all these responses is highly desirable . the first strategy followed to treat a periodicity breaking was to consider perturbations with specific commensurate wavevectors and corresponding supercells . for atomic displacements , this approach is known as the `` frozen - phonon '' method. homogeneous magnetic fields can be treated in this spirit , with an artificial modulation, although ( 1 ) working with supercells is cpu time - consuming , ( 2 ) the study of couplings is tedious in this approach . more powerful formalisms , based on perturbation theory , that do not rely on supercells or long - wavelength limits , have been developed for atomic displacements and electric fields. for phonons , the long - wavelength phases can be factorized , such that a purely periodic treatment is recovered . for the electric field , the position operator can be replaced by the differentiation with respect to the wavevector . the berry phase approach to the electrical polarization is probably the most striking consequence of the latter link. owing", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.1748466044664383, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new approach to the treatment of periodic systems with homogeneous electric fields, strains and atomic displacements. This approach is based on the berry phase approach, which can be used to treat phonons, atomic d\u00e9placements and asymmetric magnetic field. The Berry phase approach is an effective method for treating periodic systems, but it requires a large number of parameters: the length of the wavevector, the position operator, and the long - wavelength phases. In particular, we show that the berries.", "reference_summary": "the theoretical treatment of homogeneous static magnetic fields in periodic systems is challenging , as the corresponding vector potential breaks the translational invariance of the hamiltonian . based on density operators and perturbation theory , we propose , for insulators , a periodic framework for the treatment of magnetic fields up to arbitrary order of perturbation , similar to widely used schemes for electric fields . the second - order term delivers a new , remarkably simple , formulati"}
{"id": "paper_44", "title": "The purpose of this paper is to present a comparison between the modified nonlinear schrdinger (...", "text": "this paper is concerned with the semiclassically scaled modified nonlinear schrdinger ( mnls ) equation : which can be thought of as a perturbation ( with perturbation parameter ) of the nonlinear schrdinger ( nls ) equation : taken in the so - called focusing case of . ( for one has the so - called defocusing case . ) our goal is to describe connections between the mnls equation on the one hand and the nls equation ( perhaps surprisingly , both focusing and defocusing types are related to mnls ) on the other , connections that become especially clear in the semiclassical limit . erwin madelung was probably the first person to propose thinking of schrdinger - type equations for a complex field as describing the motion of a kind of fluid . he introduced the real - valued fluid dynamical variables ( density ) and ( velocity ) given in terms of by here is defined by continuation to be a smooth function of . a key observation is that if the complex - valued field initially has the form of an oscillatory wavepacket : where and are real - valued functions independent of , then the corresponding initial values of the madelung variables are independent of as well : without approximation , the nls equation can be written in terms of the madelung variables as : }{ x } \\ ] ] where $ ] denotes the expression :={2}{ x^2}-({2}{ x})^2 . \\ ] ] with -independent initial data of the form taken in , it seems reasonable to neglect the dispersive term $ ] to obtain limiting -independent equations that one might expect to govern the leading terms of the -dependent fields when . the truncated system of equations which we call the _ dispersionless nls system _ , is really a classical euler system of compressible fluid ( gas ) dynamics . the term in the flux for represents the pressure as a function of density . if ( the defocusing case of the nls equation ) then the pressure is an increasing function of the gas density and the physical dynamics is that of the gas `` trying to get out of it", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.1706412434577942, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We study the semiclassically scaled modified nonlinear schrdinger ( mnls ) equation: which can be thought of as a perturbation of the nonlineal schredinger equation. The m - type equation is taken in the so - called focusing case of. We show that the _ dispersionless _ nlS equation is a classical euler system of compressible fluid dynamics.", "reference_summary": "the purpose of this paper is to present a comparison between the modified nonlinear schrdinger ( mnls ) equation and the focusing and defocusing variants of the ( unmodified ) nonlinear schrdinger ( nls ) equation in the semiclassical limit . we describe aspects of the limiting dynamics and discuss how the nature of the dynamics is evident theoretically through inverse - scattering and noncommutative steepest descent methods . the main message is that , depending on initial data , the mnls equat"}
{"id": "paper_45", "title": "Different mechanisms for the creation of strange nonchaotic attractors ( snas ) are studied in a...", "text": "interest in the dynamics of quasiperiodically driven systems has grown in recent years largely due to the existence of novel behavior such as strange nonchaotic dynamics . the initial work of grebogi showed that with quasiperiodic forcing , nonlinear systems could have strange nonchaotic attractors ( snas ) , namely attractors with a fractal geometry , but with non - positive lyapunov exponent . subsequent studies have dealt with a number of important issues pertaining to theoretical as well as experimental aspects of snas . while the existence of snas is firmly established , a question that remains interesting is the mechanism or bifurcations through which these are created from regular or chaotic attractors . to date a number of different scenarios have been identified : these include torus doubling to chaos via snas , fractalization of torus , the re - emergence of torus doubling sequence and the birth of snas , the occurrence of snas via blow out bifurcation , the appearance of snas through type - i intermittent phenomenon , or type - iii intermittency , and so on . scenarios for the formation of snas often have parallels in scenarios for the formation of chaotic attractors . the most common route to snas is the gradual `` fractalization '' of a torus where an amplitude or phase instability causes the collapse of the torus which progressively gets more and more wrinkled as a parameter in the system changes , eventually becoming a fractal attractor . this is also the least well understood mechanism for the formation of snas since there is no apparent bifurcation , unlike the crisis like torus collision mechanisms identified by heagy and hammel and feudel , kurths and pikovsky . in the former instance , a period doubled torus collides with its unstable parent , while in the latter , a stable and unstable torus collide at a dense set of points , leading to snas . the quasiperiodic analogue of a saddle node bifurcation gives rise to snas through the intermittent rou", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.1689739227294922, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We study the fractalization of a torus in quasiperiodic driven systems with quasiperionically driven forcing. We show that the snas are created by the re - emergence of torus doubling to chaos via s, and the occurrence of s in the resulting chaotic attractors.", "reference_summary": "different mechanisms for the creation of strange nonchaotic attractors ( snas ) are studied in a two frequency parametrically driven duffing oscillator . we focus on intermittency transitions in particular , and show that snas in this system are created through quasiperiodic saddle - node bifurcations ( type - i intermittency ) as well as through a quasiperiodic subharmonic bifurcation ( type - iii intermittency ) . the intermittent attractors are characterized via a number of lyapunov measures "}
{"id": "paper_46", "title": "The main focus of space - time coding design and analysis for mimo systems has been so far focused...", "text": "multiple - input multiple - output or mimo wireless systems have received a significant amount of interest due to their capability of dramatically increasing the capacity of a communication link . also , there has been considerable work on a variety of schemes which exploit multiple antennas at both the transmitter and receiver in order to obtain spatial diversity , i.e. to improve the reliability of the system such as orthogonal space - time block codes ( ostbc ) and space - time trellis codes ( sttc ) . an simple example for a sttc is the delay diversity code , first proposed in and also discussed in , where the data stream on the first transmit antenna is transmitted with delays on the other antennas . the delay diversity code achieves full diversity but has a disadvantage of a slight rate loss due to some leading and tailing zeros . in order to avoid this drawback , cyclic delay diversity ( cdd ) has been proposed in . the main advantage of cdd over ostbc is that a code rate of one is achieved independent of the number of transmit antennas , whereas ostbc suffer a rate loss by increasing the number of transmit antennas . the performance of cdd in terms of error probability was analyzed in for frequency flat and frequency selective channels . the diversity - multiplexing tradeoff for delay diversity was characterized in . based on the assumption that statistical information about the channel is available at the transmitter , transmit filters employed at the transmitter are optimized in in order to minimize the chernoff bound on the error probability of cdd . the average rate for cdd by assuming gaussian as well as psk / qam input signals for a point - to - point transmission with or transmit antennas and receive antennas was investigated in terms of monte - carlo simulations in . as noticed in , most of the work on space - time coding so far is focused on single - user systems . for such single - user systems , it was shown that the loss in terms of spectral effi", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17656327784061432, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We study the performance of cyclic delay diversity ( cdd ) in terms of error probability for point - to - point transmissions with and transmit antennas and receivers. The average rate for ccd is obtained by assuming gaussian as well as psk / qam input signals for a point, to, point transmission with or transmit antenna and receive antennas, respectively. We find that the loss in terms.", "reference_summary": "the main focus of space - time coding design and analysis for mimo systems has been so far focused on single - user systems . for single - user systems , transmit diversity schemes suffer a loss in spectral efficiency if the receiver is equipped with more than one antenna , making them unsuitable for high rate transmission . one such transmit diversity scheme is the cyclic delay diversity code ( cdd ) . the advantage of cdd over other diversity schemes such as orthogonal space - time block codes"}
{"id": "paper_47", "title": "It is extremely uncommon to be able to predict analytically , from first principles , the velocity...", "text": "this section is devoted to the computation of the reynold s stress using the stochastic equation for the fluctuations which is equation ( 5 ) in the article . the noise is white in time and has spatial correlation function . using the ito convention for stochastic calculus , it is straightforward to obtain the enstrophy balance for the fluctuations and thus in statistical stationary state we get the very useful relation .\\ ] ] thanks to the incompressibility condition , is related to the reynolds stress through . first we can take advantage of the invariance along the direction by taking the fourier transform of ( [ eq : fluctuations ] ) in . the fourier transform in does not provide an obvious simplification as the profile depends on . however , we can use the linearity to express the solution as the sum of particular solutions for independent stochastic forcings . each of these forcings has a correlation function , this means that we have the relation * _ =e^{il(y - y')}(t - t')$]_*. we take the fourier transform in defined by with taking the values , is an integer . is then defined as the function that is solution of ( [ eq : fluctuations ] ) with a stochastic forcing with only one fourier component . we then obtain ,\\ ] ] where the positive constants are the fourier coefficients of the spatial correlation function of the noise , =c(x - x',y - y')(t - t').$ ] be careful that * * in this formula the bracket denotes a stochastic averaging , because the zonal average is already taken into account by the sum over all vector . the vorticity is the solution of the stochastic partial differential equation is the stream function defined through . as the reader would have notice , we try to reduce the problem by expressing the solution as the sum of particular problems that we hope to be much simpler . now we have to find an expression for instead of the full solution . we will go one step further and show that the stochastic problem described by the two equations ( [ eq ", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17014072835445404, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We calculate the reynolds stress using the stochastic equation for the fluctuations which is equation ( 5 ) in the article. The noise is white in time and has spatial correlation function. We take the fourier transform of ( [ eq: fluctuations ] ) into account. It is then defined as the function that is solution of ( ( [.", "reference_summary": "it is extremely uncommon to be able to predict analytically , from first principles , the velocity profile of a turbulent flow . in two - dimensional flows , atmosphere dynamics , and plasma physics , large scale coherent jets are created through inverse energy transfers from small scales to the largest scales of the flow . we prove that in the limits of vanishing energy injection , vanishing friction , and small scale forcing , the velocity profile of a jet obeys a universal equation independen"}
{"id": "paper_48", "title": "Lattice fermions have well - known difficulties with chiral symmetry", "text": "a long - standing problem in quantum field theory is a nonperturbative formulation of chiral fermions . our only general nonperturbative formulation of quantum field theory is the renormalization - group limit of functional integrals defined on a lattice . but when chiral symmetry is an issue , there are notorious problems . briefly , one must either sacrifice locality or positivity , tolerate additional states ( doubling or mirror states ) , or break chiral symmetry explicitly . when the coupling of fermions to gauge fields is vector - like , the standard formulations are adequate , if imperfect . on the other hand , when fermions couple to chiral gauge fields , it has been difficult to prove a conceptually clean theory ; see ref . for a review . an encouraging proposal replaces the functional integral over fermions with an auxiliary quantum - mechanical system , inspired by domain - wall and lattice pauli - villars methods . this paper offers constructions of vector - like and chiral gauge theories , coupling continuum fermions to lattice gauge fields by introducing an interpolation of the latter . ideas of this type were first discussed by flume and wyler for the schwinger model , and recently t hooft advocated a similar approach for four - dimensional gauge theories . the appeal stems from the nontrivial ( instanton ) topology of continuum gauge fields , because the atiyah - singer index theorem implies an intimate relation between chiral properties of fermions and the topology of the gauge field . in 19871988 there was some discussion about topology and fermions in lattice gauge theory . except for a conference reports , however , none of the applications to chiral gauge theories have been published . spurred by ref . , i would like to present my variation on the theme . regulates the gauge field with the lattice and the fermions with a standard pauli - villars scheme . the number of fermionic degrees of freedom ( per unit volume ) remains infinite in the words", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17292387783527374, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new formulation of the vector - like gauge theory for lattice gauge fields by introducing an interpolation of the latter. The proposed scheme is based on the atiyah - singer index theorem, which is a nonperturbative formulation of chiral fermions. It is shown that the chirality of the gauge field is not perturbed by the interpolated function over fermions and that the coupling to the gauge fields is purely a linear process.", "reference_summary": "lattice fermions have well - known difficulties with chiral symmetry . to evade them it is possible to couple _ continuum _ fermions to _ lattice _ gauge fields , by introducing an interpolation of the latter . following this line of thinking , this paper presents two euclidean formulations of the effective action that appears after functional integration over fermion fields , one for vector - like and the other for chiral couplings . with suitable finite - mode regulators both effective actions"}
{"id": "paper_49", "title": "Motivated by the diversity and complexity of two - dimensional crystals formed by triangular...", "text": "two - dimensional ( 2d ) materials present some fascinating challenges to condensed - matter theory , with even the most simple 2d systems harboring surprises . one of the most famous problems involves the precise description of melting in 2d solids made up of hard , disk - like particles with short - range repulsive interactions. specifically , does the fluid undergo a weak first - order transition to the solid , or is there an intermediate hexatic phase linked by two continuous phase transitions ? related avenues of research concern the existence of exotic phases in systems made up of more complex particles , such as ( non)periodic solids of hard - disk dimers, pentamers and hexamers, tetratic phases of hard squares and hard rectangles, and orientationally ordered solids of hard pentagons and heptagons. the effects of additional interactions on the phase behavior and dynamics of 2d systems are also of interest , as evidenced by recent studies on dipolar potentials in the context of magnetic colloids. such models provide an ideal testing ground for condensed - matter theories , and in some cases challenge our most fundamental understanding of the properties of matter . despite their simplicity , 2d models can provide reliable descriptions of some real , and rather complex , experimental situations . for example , in a number of recent studies , 2d models have been employed to help interpret and understand the clustering and crystallization of proteins at interfaces . the conformations and interactions of proteins are central to biological activity , and ideally one would like to investigate these properties _ in vivo_. unfortunately , structural information is most commonly obtained from x - ray diffraction studies on crystals . there is a class of proteins , however , that can be studied under conditions resembling those _ in vivo_. membrane proteins constitute a large class of molecules found within the lipid bilayers that constitute cell walls . they fulfill a v", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.181207075715065, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new study of the structure and dynamics of membrane proteins in two - dimensional ( 2d ) systems. We show that the structural properties of these molecules are similar to those of their counterparts in vivo, and that they can be studied under conditions resembling those of x -ray diffraction studies on crystals.", "reference_summary": "motivated by the diversity and complexity of two - dimensional crystals formed by triangular proteins and protein trimers , we have investigated the structures and phase behavior of hard - disk trimers . in order to mimic specific binding interactions , each trimer possesses on ` attractive ' disk which can interact with similar disks on other trimers _ via _ an attractive square - well potential . at low density and low temperature , the fluid phase mainly consists of tetramers , pentamers , or"}
{"id": "paper_50", "title": "Ic 348 is a young ( tmyr ) and nearby ( dpc ) star forming region in the perseus molecular cloud", "text": "in the framework of the eu marie curie network `` constellation : the origin of stellar masses '' , we conducted a deep imaging survey of the star forming region ic 348 with the aim to find isolated planetary mass objects , with a mass of a few m , and constrain the low mass end of the initial mass function . deep , wide - field broad - band zjhk and narrow - band ch4 on / off images were obtained at cfht . image analysis focused on faint source detection , and a number of photometric tests were conducted to ensure good photometric reliability and completeness down to k.5 mag . [ cols= \" < , < \" , ] we report the detection of 4 methane dwarf candidates in the young star forming region ic 348 . we tentatively estimate a spectral type in the range t3-t5 or even later , which would make these candidates amongst the least massive isolated objects ever detected in a star forming region . although follow up observations are clearly needed , spectroscopic confirmation will be difficult owing to the faintness of the candidates . this research is supported by the marie curie research training network `` constellation '' under grant no . mrtn - ct-2006 - 035890 . this research has made use of the nasa/ ipac infrared science archive , which is operated by the jet propulsion laboratory , california institute of technology , under contract with the national aeronautics and space administration . this research has also made use of the simbad database , operated at cds , strasbourg , france . many thanks also goes to p. delorme for computing the empirical sequence of l1-t8 field dwarfs used in the figures of this paper .", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.1893189251422882, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We report the detection of 4 methane dwarf candidates in the young star forming region ic 348. We tentatively estimate a spectral type in the range t3-t5 or even later, which would make these candidates amongst the least massive isolated objects ever detected in a star formation region. This is a first study of the spectroscopic properties of the candidate stars.", "reference_summary": "ic 348 is a young ( tmyr ) and nearby ( dpc ) star forming region in the perseus molecular cloud . we performed a deep imaging survey using the megacam ( z - band ) and wircam ( jhk and narrowband ch on / off ) wide - field cameras on the canada - france - hawaii telescope . from the analysis of the narrowband ch on / off deep images , we report 4 t - dwarf candidates , of which 3 clearly lie within the limits of the ic 348 cluster . an upper limit on the extinction was estimated for each candid"}
{"id": "paper_51", "title": "Structural disambiguation in sentence analysis is still a central problem in natural language...", "text": "i would like to express my sincere appreciation to my supervisor , prof . junichi tsujii of the university of tokyo , for his continuous encouragement and guidance . it was prof . tsujii who guided me in the fundamentals of natural language processing when i was an undergraduate student at kyoto university . his many helpful suggestions and comments have also been crucial to the completion of this thesis . i would also like to express my gratitude to the members of my dissertation committee : prof . toshihisa takagi and prof . hiroshi imai of the university of tokyo , prof . yuji matsumoto of nara institute of science and technology ( naist ) , and prof . kenji kita of tokushima university , who have been good enough to give this work a very serious review . very special thanks are also due to prof . makoto nagao of kyoto university for his encouragement and guidance , particularly in his supervision of my master thesis when i was a graduate student at kyoto university i learned a lot from him , especially in the skills of conducting research . he is one of the persons who continue to influence me strongly in my research carrer , even though the approach i am taking right now is quite different from his own . i also would like to express my sincere gratitude to prof . yuji matsumoto . he has given me much helpful advice with regard to the conduct of research , both when i was at kyoto university and after i left there . the use of dependency graphs for representation of case frame patterns was inspired by one of his statements in a personal conversation . i would like to thank prof . junichi nakamura of kyoto university , prof . satoshi sato of the japan advance institute of science and technology , and other members of the nagao lab . for their advice and contributions to our discussions . the research reported in this dissertation was conducted at c&c media research laboratories , nec corporation and the theory nec laboratory , real world computing partnership ( r", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.16979578137397766, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new approach to the study of dependency graphs for representation of case frame patterns in natural language processing. The method is based on the use of dependency - graphs, which are used to represent case frame pattern patterns. We show that the technique can be applied to many different cases, including those with a large number of frames.", "reference_summary": "structural disambiguation in sentence analysis is still a central problem in natural language processing . past researches have verified that using lexical semantic knowledge can , to a quite large extent , cope with this problem . although there have been many studies conducted in the past to address the lexical knowledge acquisition problem , further investigation , especially that based on a _ principled methodology _ is still needed , and this is , in fact , the problem i address in this the"}
{"id": "paper_52", "title": "We present 1", "text": "the cygnus ob7 association is part of the extensive cygnus molecular cloud complex which contain the more commonly studied cygnus x , north american , and pelican nebulae regions . the recent comprehensive review of reipurth & schneider ( 2008 ) gives extensive background information on the whole area . cygnus ob7 is one of the nine ob associations in cygnus and is generally considered the nearest at a distance of around 800 pc ( hiltner 1956 ; schmidt 1958 ; de zeeuw et al . cygnus ob7 contains numerous dark cloud complexes , identified with lynds catalog numbers ( lynds 1962 ) , and forms part of the large - scale dark cloud designated kh 141 ( khavtassi 1960 ) . one lynds cloud , l 1003 , was first investigated in detail by cohen ( 1980 ) who found a red nebulous object ( designated rno 127 ) which was later identified as a bright herbig - haro ( hh ) object ( hh448 , melikian & karapetian 2001 , 2003 ) . the region was the focus of optical / near - ir ( nir ) studies by devine , reipurth , & bally ( 1997 ) and movsessian et al . both groups found a number of additional hh objects in the region and , together with the presence of numerous iras sources , confirmed that l 1003 was the site of significant star formation activity . in addition , movsessian et al . ( 2006 ) confirmed the presence of a new fu orionis eruptive variable ( fuor , herbig 1989 ) in the cloud . this object is not optically visible and the outburst was observed in the nir by the appearance of a bright point - source and extensive reflection nebulosity between the 2mass survey ( taken in 1999 ) and the acquisition of the movsessian et al . ( 2003 ) images ( taken in 2001 ) . they interpreted the morphology of the nir nebula as being a double - spiral or `` braid '' , created in the walls of both high- and low - velocity outflow cavities , and the object has henceforth been referred to as the braid nebula . the illuminating star of the braid nebula will henceforth be referred to as the braid st", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.1828228235244751, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a detailed study of the cygnus ob7 association in the region of l 1003. We find that the outburst is a bright herbig - haro object ( hh448, melikian & karapetian 2001, 2003 ) and a new fu orionis eruptive variable ( fuor, herbig 1989 ). The hr - 448 object is not optically visible and is not observed by the optical / near - Ir.", "reference_summary": "we present 1.4 to 2.5 m integral field spectroscopy of 16 stars in the braid nebula star formation region in cygnus ob7 . these data forms one aspect of a large - scale multi - wavelength survey aimed at determining an unbiased estimate of the number , mass distribution , and evolutionary state of the young stars within this one square degree area of the previously poorly studied lynds 1003 molecular cloud . our new spectroscopic data , when combined with 2mass near - ir photometry , provide evi"}
{"id": "paper_53", "title": "The seyfert 2 galaxy ngc 2110 has been observed with bepposax between 0", "text": "active galactic nuclei ( agn ) classified as narrow emission line galaxies ( nelg ) were first discovered in x - rays because of their intense 210 kev emission . like seyfert 2 galaxies , their optical spectra are dominated by narrow emission lines . this fact , together with the presence of a broad h feature in the spectrum of a few of them ( shuder 1980 ) , has led to the suggestion that nelg can form a transition class between seyfert 1 and seyfert 2 galaxies ( e.g. lawrence and elvis 1982 ) . the nelg ngc 2110 ( =0.0076 ) was first observed in x - rays with sas-3 ( bradt et al . 1978 ) , and then by heao 1 ( mushotzky 1982 ) , and by exosat ( turner & pounds 1989 ) . the 210 kev asca data revealed a moderately flat ( ) absorbed power law plus fek line spectrum attenuated by partial covering material , while ginga did not measure a significant reflection component ( hayashi et al . the scenario described by the data available prior to the present work indicates ( smith & done 1996 ) the possibility that the 210 kev spectrum of ngc 2110 is intrinsically flatter than the slope observed for seyfert 1 galaxies by ginga ( nandra & pounds 1994 ) . this situation , if confirmed , would clearly pose questions to the unified models ( antonucci 1993 ) . in the following , we present bepposax observation of ngc 2110 which highlights the key role played by the measurement of the spectrum above 20 kev in disentangling the intrinsic nuclear emission . the bepposax x - ray observatory ( boella et al . 1997a ) is a major programme of the italian space agency with participation of the netherlands agency for aereospace programs . this work concerns results obtained with three of the narrow field instruments ( nfi ) onboard : the low energy concentrator spectrometer ( lecs ; parmar et al . 1997 ) , the medium energy concentrator spectrometers ( mecs ; boella et al . 1997b ) , and the phoswich detector system ( pds ; frontera et al . 1997 ) . lecs and mecs operate in the 0.14.5 kev ", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.1905399113893509, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a bepposax observation of the active galactic nuclei ( agn ) ngc 2110 ( =0.0076 ) in x - rays with sas-3 and exosat. The data obtained by ginga and exon 1 reveal a flat absorbed power law plus fek line spectrum attenuated by partial covering material, while ginga did not measure a significant reflection component. This result suggests that the 210 kev spectrum of ng ng.", "reference_summary": "the seyfert 2 galaxy ngc 2110 has been observed with bepposax between 0.5 and 150 kev . the high energy instrument onboard , pds , has succeeded in measuring for the first time the spectrum of this source in the 13 - 150 kev range . the pds spectrum , having a photon index is fully compatible with that expected from a seyfert 1 nucleus . in the framework of unified models , the harder ( ) 210 kev spectrum is well explained assuming the presence of a complex partial + total absorber ( % + % ) . t"}
{"id": "paper_54", "title": "We observed the sh 2 - 233ir ( s233ir ) region with better sensitivity in near - infrared than...", "text": "within 2 kpc , % of stars have been found to form in the clusters . these newly formed stars , however , are embedded deeply in dense molecular cloud and there exists various difficulties in identifying sources and deriving physical parameters . several statistical tools , such as the k - band luminosity function ( klf ) , the color - color or color - magnitude diagrams , etc . , have been successfully used to constrain the characteristics of deeply embedded stellar clusters ( e.g. , * ? ? ? development of new sensitive equipments , such as , large mosaic ir array , enables us to observe embedded stellar cluster in greater detail than previous effort . the sh 2 - 233ir region is a well studied star - forming region in our galaxy ( e.g. , * ? ? ? * ) and it provides an ideal laboratory for understanding properties of embedded clusters . therefore , we revisit this region with higher sensitivity near - infrared data taken toward a wider region to better constrain the properties of the embedded stellar cluster than previous studies . toward the direction of the galactic anticenter , sh 2 - 233ir ( hereafter s233ir ) , as a part of the sh 2 - 235 gmc complex , is located at a distance of about 1.8 kpc , in association with four extended hii regions , sh 2 - 231 , 232 , 233 , and 235 . its position coincides with an iras source , iras 05358 + 3543 ( ) . s233ir is classified as a massive star formation region , showing co outflows and various maser emissions associated with this region . the band image of this region shows many bright stellar sources and also extended nebulous features associated with dust emission . the two embedded young clusters , sh 2 - 233ir sw ( hereafter sw , located in the south - west direction from the center ) and sh 2 - 233ir ne ( hereafter ne , in the north - east direction ) , are notable in this region , with remarkable h bow shocks associated with the ne cluster . in addition , numerous studies have been reported , especially for the ne cl", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.1733403503894806, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new ir array to study the properties of the embedded cluster sh 2 - 233ir ( sw ) and sh 2.", "reference_summary": "we observed the sh 2 - 233ir ( s233ir ) region with better sensitivity in near - infrared than previous studies for this region . by applying statistical subtraction of the background stars , we identified member sources and derived the age and mass of three distinguishable sub - groups in this region : sh 2 - 233ir ne , sh 2 - 233ir sw , and the `` distributed stars '' over the whole cloud . star formation may be occurring sequentially with a relatively small age difference ( myrs ) between sub"}
{"id": "paper_55", "title": "We study the maximum - confidence ( mc ) measurement strategy for discriminating among...", "text": "the understanding that a quantum system carries information encoded in its quantum state and , thereby , could be used to accomplish information processing tasks gave rise to the fields of quantum information and computation . in order to accomplish such tasks , in the final step one has to read out the previously processed information , which corresponds to determine the final state of the system by measuring it . however , as the quantum state is not itself an observable , it is not possible to determine it through a single shot measurement , unless it belongs to a _ known _ set of states which are mutually orthogonal . when this is not the case , i.e. , the possible final states are not orthogonal , they can not be , deterministically , discriminated with certainty and without error even if they belong to a known set . this has led to the development of the area known as quantum - state discrimination ( qsd ) , where a measurement strategy is devised in order to discriminate _ optimally _ , according to some figure of merit , among nonorthogonal states . despite that , originally , the qsd problem has been introduced in the context of quantum detection ( or decision ) theory long before the birth of quantum information and computation , it quickly became a fundamental tool for these fields . for instance , there is an intimate connection among qsd and probabilistic protocols , like entanglement concentration , cloning , and some quantum algorithms . also , there is a connection among qsd and probabilistic realizations of quantum communication protocols like teleportation , entanglement swapping , and superdense coding . finally , the use of nonorthogonal states , and , consequently , the impossibility of perfectly discriminating among them , underlies the security in some quantum key distribution protocols . the problem addressed in qsd can be briefly posed as follows . a quantum system is prepared in one of possible states in the set , with associated _ a priori", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.1717493236064911, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a quantum - state discrimination ( qsd ) method for the determination of the final state of a system in one of possible states in the set, with associated priori. The method is based on the _ a priori_- asymmetry - preserving _ method, which is a generalization of the q - key distribution protocol. It is shown that the asymmetric arithmetic - and a - priori ( ap ) - previous - order - time.", "reference_summary": "we study the maximum - confidence ( mc ) measurement strategy for discriminating among nonorthogonal symmetric qudit states . restricting to linearly dependent and equally likely pure states , we find the optimal positive operator valued measure ( povm ) that maximizes our confidence in identifying each state in the set and minimizes the probability of obtaining inconclusive results . the physical realization of this povm is completely determined and it is shown that after an inconclusive outcom"}
{"id": "paper_56", "title": "We report on the preparation and characterization of single crystal phase nacoo with using a non -...", "text": "the lamellar cobaltates nacoo have attracted much attention since the discovery of superconductivity in the hydrated composition nacoo.4ho. the complete phase diagram of nacoo shows a variety of rich phenomena , such as a - type antiferromagnetic ( af ) ordering for 0.75 , large thermopower enhancement for , and af ordering with a metal - to - insulator transition for . nacoo is composed of alternating layers of na and coo , where the na ions are surrounded by six oxygens which form a prismatic cage in the phase. sodium de - intercalation in powder samples has been effectively performed via chemical extraction , such as a topochemical process using a br/acetonitrile solution. we have demonstrated previously an electrochemical method as an alternative route to produce homogeneous compounds using a controlled overpotential ( above the open circuit potential). using an aqueous naoh / ho solution as the electrolyte , high quality single crystals were obtained , and measurements of their conducting , superconducting and magnetic properties have been reported. however , detailed studies of the voltage versus na concentration diagram for have been hindered due to difficulties related to an oxygen evolution side - reaction in the aqueous solution. na ordering - in particular its impact on the geometry of the fermi surface - is a key issue that requires further study in order to better understand the transport and magnetic properties. local density approximation ( lda ) calculations indicate that a band with a character should create a large hexagonal fermi surface centered around the point. the existence of such a large fermi surface has been verified from angle - resolved photo - emission(arpes). however , subtle effects due to possible superstructure formation and/or strong electron correlation remain elusive , such as the missing small hole pockets predicted by lda calculation . proposed a nesting scenario based on an orthorhombic reduced brillouin zone caused by na orde", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.18408136069774628, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new method for the study of the structure and magnetization of lamellar cobaltates nacoo using an aqueous solution of naoh / ho. The method is based on a - type antiferromagnetic ordering with a metal - to - insulator transition, which is characterized by a large hexagonal fermi surface centered around the point. We show that the ne orde can be induced by ni - orde in the acoustic phase.", "reference_summary": "we report on the preparation and characterization of single crystal phase nacoo with using a non - aqueous electrochemical chronoamperemetry technique . by carefully mapping the overpotential versus ( for ) , we find six distinct stable phases with na levels corresponding to 0.75 , 0.71 , 0.50 , 0.43 , 0.33 and 0.25 . the composition with appears to have a critical na concentration which separates samples with different magnetic behavior as well as different na ion diffusion mechanisms . chemica"}
{"id": "paper_57", "title": "Competition among cooperators , defectors , and loners is studied in an evolutionary prisoner s...", "text": "evolutionary prisoner s dilemma games ( pdg ) were introduced to study the emergence and maintenance of cooperation among selfish individuals in societies where strategies are either inherited or adopted through basic imitation rules . in the original pdg two players simultaneously decide whether to cooperate or defect . mutual cooperation ( defection ) yields the highest ( lowest ) _ collective _ payoff which is shared equally . however , still higher _ individual _ payoffs are achieved by defectors facing cooperators leaving the latter with the lowest possible payoff . thus , defection is dominant because they fare better ( or at least equal ) regardless of the co - players decision . consequentially , rational players always end up with the lowest collective payoff instead of the higher reward for mutual cooperation . obviously , this result is at odds with observations in human and animal societies . indeed , cooperation may emerge under certain circumstances ( see e.g. ) . in well - mixed populations , i.e. with random matchings , cooperative strategies succeed provided that interactions between the same individuals are repeated with sufficiently high probability . computer tournaments emphasized the importance of particularly simple strategies such as ( always defect ) , ( always cooperate ) , and ( tit for tat , cooperate on the first move and then repeat the co - player s move ) . in spatially extended systems with limited local interaction , cooperators may thrive by forming clusters and thereby reducing exploitation by defectors . for example , on square lattices with , strategies and suitable parameter values , clusters of cooperators typically expand along straight boundaries while being invaded by defectors along corners and irregular boundaries . the competition between these two invasion processes maintains persistent co - existence of both strategies . when tuning the model parameters , universal phase transitions between states of homogenous defecti", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.16198764741420746, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The evolutionary prisoner s dilemma games ( pdg ) are an evolutionary game where two players simultaneously decide whether to cooperate or defect. In the original pcdg two players randomly choose whether to cooperate or defect and each player is given a collective payoff which is shared equally. However, still higher individual payoffs are achieved by defectors facing cooperators leaving the latter with the lowest possible payoff. Consequently, defection is dominant because they fare better ( or at least equal ) regardless of the co - player s decision.", "reference_summary": "competition among cooperators , defectors , and loners is studied in an evolutionary prisoner s dilemma game with optional participation . loners are risk averse i.e. unwilling to participate and rather rely on small but fixed earnings . this results in a rock - scissors - paper type cyclic dominance of the three strategies . the players are located either on square lattices or random regular graphs with the same connectivity . occasionally , every player reassesses its strategy by sampling the "}
{"id": "paper_58", "title": "We present a theory for the photon energy and polarization dependence of arpes intensities from the...", "text": "their quasi-2d nature makes cuprate superconductors ideal materials for angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy ( arpes ) studies , and by now a wealth of experimental data is available . on the other hand , it does not seem as if these data are really well - understood , the major reason being that we still lack even a rudimentary understanding of the matrix element effects present in these materials . it has recently turned out that matrix element effects are ( or rather : should be ) the central issue in the discussion of arpes data . + arpes is generally believed to measure the single particle spectral function , which near the chemical potential ( and neglecting the finite lifetime ) can be written as here denotes the dispersion of the ` quasiparticle band ' , and denote the ground state and quasiparticle state , respectively . in other words , the experiment gives a ` peak ' whose dispersion follows the quasiparticle band , with the total intensity of the peak being given by the so - called quasiparticle weight . for free particles we have , whence the only reason for a sudden vanishing of the peak with changing can be the fermi factor , i.e. the crossing of the quasiparticle band through the fermi energy . under these circumstances , it would be very easy to infer the fermi surface geometry from the measured photoelectron spectra , and indeed this very assumption , namely that a sudden drop of the photoemission intensity automatically indicates a fermi level crossing , has long been made in the interpretation of all experimental spectra on metallic cuprates . + several experimental findings have shown , however , that this assumption is not tenable in the cuprates . the first indication comes from the study of the insulating compounds srcuclo and cacuocl . although these insulators can not have any fermi surface in the usual sense , which means that the factor is always equal to unity , the experiments show that also in these compounds the quasiparticle pea", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.1753453016281128, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new method for the analysis of photoemission spectroscopy ( arpes ) data on cuprate superconductors. In this paper, we show that the fermi surface geometry is not always equal to unity, and that the quasiparticle pea is also found in the insulating compounds srcuclo and cacuocl.", "reference_summary": "we present a theory for the photon energy and polarization dependence of arpes intensities from the cuo plane in the framework of strong correlation models . we show that for electric field vector in the cuo plane the ` radiation characteristics ' of the and orbitals are strongly peaked along the cuo plane , i.e. most photoelectrons are emitted at grazing angles . this suggests that surface states play an important role in the observed arpes spectra , consistent with recent data from srcuclo . w"}
{"id": "paper_59", "title": "We report the discovery of 105-ms x - ray pulsations from the compact central object ( cco ) in the...", "text": "the discovery in recent years of many isolated neutron stars ( nss ) at the centers of supernova remnants ( snrs ) confirms the long - held notion that these ultra - dense stellar remnants are born in supernova explosions . most of these nss are identified as pulsars , whose emission derives either from rotational energy loss , as for the rapidly spinning pulsars in the crab ( ms ) and vela ( ms ) remnants , or from magnetic field decay , as posited for the slower ( s ) anomalous x - ray pulsars ( axps ) and related objects ( see mereghetti 2000 for a review ) . however , the nature of a small but growing collection of young ( yrs ) nss in snrs remains a mystery . these so - called compact central objects ( ccos ) are seemingly isolated nss , distinguished by their steady flux , predominantly thermal emission , lack of optical or radio counterparts , and absence of a surrounding pulsar wind nebula ( see for a review ) . the six firm examples of ccos are the central x - ray sources discovered in cas a , pup a , g347.3.5 , pks 120951/52 , g266.21.2 , and kes 79 . their luminosities range over erg s , typical of the younger pulsars ; however their spectra are best characterized as hot blackbody emission of kev , rather than by power - law models . this is significantly hotter than radio pulsars or other radio - quiet nss ( rqnss ; e.g. , * ? ? ? * ) , but similar to the thermal component of the more luminous axps / sgrs . distinct from the rest , psr j12105226 in pks 120951/52 is a ms pulsar that displays large deviations in its spin - down rate , a softer spectrum of kev , and cyclotron resonance lines . these properties suggest that psr j12105226 is variously a wide - binary system , a strongly glitching ns , or an accretor from fall - back material . is the recently discovered cco in supernova remnant kes 79 ( g33.6.1 ; ) . the distance to this unresolved _ chandra _ source is estimated as kpc , derived from and oh absorption studies and updated using the galactic r", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.18550324440002441, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new study of the x - ray emission from neutron stars in supernova remnants ( snrs ). We find that the spectra of these sources are consistent with the observed x- -ray fluxes, which are generally consistent with a pulsar wind nebula. The spectral structure of the source is similar to that of the radio pul.", "reference_summary": "we report the discovery of 105-ms x - ray pulsations from the compact central object ( cco ) in the supernova remnant using data acquired with the _ newton x - ray multi - mirror mission_. two observations of the pulsar taken 6 days apart yield an upper limit on its spin - down rate of s s and no evidence for binary orbital motion . the implied energy loss rate is ergs s , surface magnetic field strength is g , and spin - down age is kyr . the latter exceeds the remnant s estimated age , suggest"}
{"id": "paper_60", "title": "We have performed high precision measurements of the zero - energy neutron scattering amplitudes of...", "text": "the last decade has seen a revolution in the accuracy with which low energy phenomena in nuclear few body systems can be calculated . insight into certain features of few - nucleon systems has come both from greatly - improved calculations using potential models based on the measured nucleon - nucleon ( nn ) interaction and also from the development of effective field theory ( eft ) approaches based on the chiral symmetry of qcd . such theories have been used to develop a physical understanding rooted ultimately in qcd for the relative sizes of many quantities in nuclear physics , such as nuclear n - body forces and in particular the nuclear 3-body force ( 3n ) , which is now investigated intensively . although it is well understood that 3n forces must exist with a weaker strength and shorter range than the nn force , little else is known . eft has been used to solve the two and three nucleon problems with short - range interactions . for the two - body system , eft is equivalent to effective range theory and reproduces its well - known results for nn forces . the chiral eft expansion does not require the introduction of an operator corresponding to a 3n force until next - to - next - to leading order in the expansion , and at this order it requires only two low energy constants , which are taken to be the triton binding energy and the zero energy doublet n - d scattering amplitude . there have also been significant advances in other approaches to the computation of the properties of few - body nuclei with modern potentials such as the av18 potential , which includes electromagnetic effects and terms to account for charge - independence breaking and charge symmetry breaking of the strong interaction . these calculations accurately reproduce the well - measured energy levels of few body bound states only with the phonomological inclusion of a nuclear 3-body force , so it is clear that more information on this force is needed for further progress . precision measureme", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17790746688842773, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new approach to the calculation of low energy phenomena in nuclear few body systems with a nuclear 3-body force. This approach is based on the chiral eft expansion and is equivalent to effective range theory for the two - body system, which requires only two low energy constants, taken to be the triton binding energy and the zero energy doublet n - d scattering amplitude. The results are consistent with the well - known results for the three nucleon problems with short - range interactions.", "reference_summary": "we have performed high precision measurements of the zero - energy neutron scattering amplitudes of gas phase molecular hydrogen , deuterium , and he using neutron interferometry . we find fm , fm , and fm . when combined with the previous world data , properly corrected for small multiple scattering , radiative corrections , and local field effects from the theory of neutron optics and combined by the prescriptions of the particle data group , the zero - energy scattering amplitudes are : fm , "}
{"id": "paper_61", "title": "Near - threshold production of boson pairs is considered within the framework of the model of...", "text": "near - threshold production of the unstable particles ( ups ) is the most suitable process to observe the finite - width effects ( fwes ) . these effects are closely connected with the instability which depends on the width and energy of the products with being the threshold energy . it equals to the sum of masses of the final state particles . the measurements of boson - pair production at the threshold ( e.g. lep ii experiments ) have provided us with an important information about the masses of bosons and non - abelian triple gauge - boson couplings . to extract the exact information from the boson - pair production we have to calculate the radiative corrections ( rcs ) , which give a noticeable contribution to the corresponding cross - section . ideally , one would like to have the full rcs to the processes . in practice , this problem is very complicated and can not be considered analytically . for discussion of the lep ii situation and strategy it is useful to distinguish three levels of sophistication in description of the boson - pair production : 1 . on - shell boson - pair production , , with subsequent on - shell boson decays . all rcs to these processes are well - known . off - shell production of boson pairs which then decay into four fermions . full set of the rcs is very bulky for the analytical observation and analysis . 3 . total process with an account of the complete set of the corrections . this problem leads to the additional diagrams with the same final states , and complete electroweak ( ew ) corrections are described by many thousands diagrams . on - shell -pair production was considered in refs . , where the cross - section of the process was given . at the tree level , this process is described by two -channel diagrams with -exchange and one -channel diagram with -exchange . the complete radiative corrections , comprising the virtual one - loop corrections and real - photon bremsstrahlung , were calculated and represented in refs . . the de", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.1638781577348709, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a complete radiative corrections to the lep ii process. The total process is described by two -channel diagrams with -exchange and one - channel diagram with -Exchange. In this paper, we consider the complete radiatives corrections, including the virtual one / loop corrections and real - photon bremsstrahlung.", "reference_summary": "near - threshold production of boson pairs is considered within the framework of the model of unstable particles with smeared mass . we describe the principal aspects of the model and consider the strategy of calculations including the radiative corrections . the results of calculations are in good agreement with lep ii data and monte - carlo simulations . suggested approach significantly simplifies calculations with respect to the standard perturbative one ."}
{"id": "paper_62", "title": "We have identified an optical / x - ray binary with orbital period h as the likely counterpart of...", "text": "as identification of the 1873 0.1100gev sources in the second _ fermi _ large area telescope ( lat ) catalog progresses , blazars and spin - powered pulsars increasingly dominate the associations . for the brightest remaining unidentified sources gamma - ray spectral curvature and variability provide an excellent discrimination between these two possibilities . 2fgl j2039.6 = 3fgl 2039.6 ( hereafter j2039 ) is a relatively bright ( 25.4 , * ? ? ? * ) source with a good localization at galactic latitude -37 , a 3fgl `` variability index '' value of 34 , and a `` curvature significance '' of 5.1 . thus it is one of the least variable bright unidentified sources and displays significant spectral curvature , placing it well within the pulsar zone of the curvature - variability plane . accordingly it has been repeatedly searched for radio and gamma - ray pulsations . the lack of any detection is best understood if the source is a millisecond pulsar rapidly accelerated and/or wind - shrouded in a close , interacting binary . we have examined new and archival optical and x - ray data , discovering a short period ( 5.47h ) binary . the system shows evidence of heating , and the x - ray light curve is reminiscent of other shrouded ( black widow bw and redback rb ) millisecond pulsar binaries . the optical light curve is oddly double - peaked and asymmetric . nevertheless we conclude that this is another short period gamma - ray pulsar binary . with our well measured period and position , this is a fruitful target for renewed pulse searches . j2039 has a good 3fgl localization ( radius ) and we initially observed this field as part of our lat unidentified source campaign , using the goodman high throughput spectrograph ( ghts ) at the 4.2 m soar telescope on 2013 august 10 ( mjd 56514 , ut dates are used throughout ) . a sequence of 180s images plus a 600s h frame were obtained , spaced over 2 hours and largely covering the error ellipse . despite relatively poor conditions ,", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17796383798122406, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new optical and x - ray data analysis of the 2fgl 2039.6 source j2039.6, which is a relatively bright ( 25.4, *?? * ) source with a good localization at galactic latitude -37. The light curve is oddly double - peaked and asymmetric, and it is reminiscent of other shrouded millisecond pulsars.", "reference_summary": "we have identified an optical / x - ray binary with orbital period h as the likely counterpart of the _ fermi _ source 2fgl j2039.6 . grond , soar and des observations provide an accurate orbital period and allow us to compare with the light curve of an archival _ xmm _ exposure . like many short - period optical x - ray binaries associated with lat sources this may be a interacting ( black widow / redback ) millisecond pulsar binary . the x - ray light curve is consistent with the emission asso"}
{"id": "paper_63", "title": "We observe signatures of disorder - induced order in 1d spin chains with an external , site -...", "text": "we consider a ferromagnetic spin chain with spins in a random external magnetic field , described by the following hamiltonian : where are the -pauli spin matrices at site , and is the random field at site . the field points along an arbitrary direction inside the plane and . also within the plane , we will distinguish observables ( and measurements ) aligned about the axis with a subscript , and observables perpendicular to with a subscript . as mentioned before , the second term of eq . ( [ eq : hamiltonian ] ) does not have the same symmetry as the first term ( which is invariant with respect to rotations along the axis ) . the relevant order parameters are the mean expectation values of the magnetization along the parallel and orthogonal directions : and . typically , we also consider the local magnetization and , indicating which regions of the chain are being discussed . both and vanish as the amplitude of the external fields approaches zero . for large field intensity , follows the local direction of the field . in this case , the average is essentially zero . entanglement is known to be a good predictor of quantum phase transitions . although there is a variety of possibilities , the observation of a singularity in an entanglement measure most certainly implies a second order quantum phase transition . in order to measure entanglement we will use the block entropy , defined as the von neumann entropy of the reduced density matrix obtained by tracing out the degrees of freedom of spins of the chain . by means of a schmidt decomposition , any pure state of the system can be expressed as } \\}$ ] and }  \\}$ ] are orthonormal states in the hilbert space of the first and last spins respectively . because of the orthonormality property , in this basis it is easy to write down the reduced density matrix for the first spins , }   _i^{[1  p]}|$ ] . the positive numbers are the so called schmidt coefficients , and give the block entropy the value of depends on both cla", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.16702541708946228, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We consider a ferromagnetic spin chain with spins in a random external magnetic field. The -pauli spin matrices are at site and is the random field at site. We also consider the local magnetization and, indicating which regions of the chain are being discussed.", "reference_summary": "we observe signatures of disorder - induced order in 1d spin chains with an external , site - dependent uni - axial random field within the plane . we numerically investigate signatures of a quantum phase transition at , in particular an upsurge of the magnetization in the direction orthogonal to the external magnetic field , and the scaling of the block - entropy with the amplitude of this field . also , we discuss possible realizations of this effect in ultra - cold atom experiments . disorder"}
{"id": "paper_64", "title": "The polarimetric measurement on the prompt phase of grb 100826a shows that the polarization angle...", "text": "gamma - ray bursts ( grbs ) are the most energetic explosions in the universe since the big bang ( for recent reviews , see , e.g. , ) . they are divided into two categories ( short and long ) according to the duration the time interval in which 90% of the photons are counted , seconds for long grbs , and seconds for short grbs seconds is not strict , because in some cases a long lasting grb seems to be a short one , and vice versa ( see , e.g. , , and the references therein ) . besides , a third group with intermediate duration can also exist ( see , e.g. , and the references therein ) . ] . the isotropic equivalent energy radiated during the prompt phase of a grb , which typically lasts a few seconds , is as large as the energy radiated from the sun during its whole life . after decades of extensive research since its discovery in the 1960s , it is still not clear how does the energy release in such a short time . the most accepted assumptions are the core collapse of a massive star , or the merger of two compact objects , such as neutron star neutron star or neutron star black hole binaries . the light curves of grbs have various types , ranging from smooth , fast - rise and quasi - exponential decay , through curves with several peaks , to highly variable curves with many peaks . the spectra can often be fitted well by the band function , and the spectra generally peak at mev . photons with energy higher than 1 gev have also been detected in some brightest grbs . in order to avoid the compactness problem \" , it is believed that gamma - rays are emitted from a highly relativistic outflow ejected by the central engine . however , there are still controversies on some basic questions , e.g. , is the outflow isotropic or collimated , magnetic - dominated or baryon - dominated ? the information extracted from spectrum and light curve observation is not complete enough to distinguish one model from another . the polarimetric measurement provides a deep insight into th", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17395628988742828, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new method for the analysis of the light curves of gamma - ray bursts ( grbs ). We use the spectral data from the gamboss - lee telescope to study the spectra of the ghz - 1 and gghs, respectively, in the presence of a large number of photons. The results are presented in terms of the time interval between the initial phase of the grb and the subsequent prompt phase.", "reference_summary": "the polarimetric measurement on the prompt phase of grb 100826a shows that the polarization angle changes between two adjacent time intervals . we will show that this phenomenon can be naturally interpreted in the framework of the magnetic - dominated jet ( mdj ) model . the mdj model suggests that the bulk lorentz factor of the outflow increases as , until reaching a saturated value . electrons move in the globally ordered magnetic field advected by the jet from the central engine and produce s"}
{"id": "paper_65", "title": "We study numerically the localization properties of two - dimensional electrons in a weak...", "text": "scaling theory of localization predicts that evolution with size , , of the conductivity , , ( in the units of ) of a 2d sample is governed only by the value of , regardless of the type of disorder in the sample , i.e. , together with initial condition , , where is the fermi momentum , and is the transport mean free path , eq . ( [ scaling ] ) suggests that , in zero magnetic field , where , localization radius of electron states is given by with increasing magnetic field , when crosses from the orthogonal to the unitary form , , the localization radius crosses over from to , given by crossover takes place when weak localization is suppressed , i.e. , when the magnetic flux through the vector area spanned by the electron travelling diffusively over the area , is of the order of the flux quantum . with vector area being , we get the following estimate for crossover magnetic field where is the cyclotron frequency , and is the scattering time . and , as a function of magnetic field , , as predicted in ref . . at a given , delocalization transition occurs at low field ( point ) and at high field ( point ) . right : same dependencies , replotted in the axis inverse filling factor vs. zero - field resistivity , constitute a part of the global phase diagram ref . . depending on , the system undergoes a sequence of transitions , or .,width=321 ] the origin of the crossover eq . ( [ estimate ] ) is that the paths , which interfere in a zero field , acquire field - induced random aharonov - bohm phases . justification for considering exclusively the _ phase _ action of magnetic field is that in high - mobility samples with the crossover field is so weak that its orbital action can be neglected . it is a very delicate fact that , after the crossover , this orbital action causes a drastic change of the eigenstates even for classically weak magnetic fields , . this conclusion was drawn by khmelinitskii from the analysis of the renormalization group flows . originally , these equ", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.16718076169490814, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We study the localization of electron states in a zero magnetic field with a crossover, and show that the delocalization transition occurs at low field ( point ) and at high field ( points ). The delokalization phase is characterized by a series of transitions, or. Width=321 ], which are caused by the orbital action of magnetic field.", "reference_summary": "we study numerically the localization properties of two - dimensional electrons in a weak perpendicular magnetic field . for this purpose we construct _ weakly chiral _ network models on the square and triangular lattices . the prime idea is to separate in space the regions with _ phase _ action of magnetic field , where it affects interference in course of multiple disorder scattering , and the regions with _ orbital _ action of magnetic field , where it bends electron trajectories . in our mod"}
{"id": "paper_66", "title": "Pressure and temperature dependence of the negative thermal expansion in zn(cn) is fully...", "text": "negative thermal expansion ( nte ) is a rare and counter - intuitive phenomenon found primarily in low density materials with crystal structures that are networks of linked coordination polyhedra . the study of these materials is not only of fundamental scientific importance , but also has many technological applications such as aerospace technologies , optics , and electronics . while much effort has been put into finding new materials and investigating the origin of nte in them , much less attention has been paid to the change in nte behaviour subject to heating and stress , which holds great importance for the possible applications of the material . for example , due to stresses and heating , problems such as phase transitions of the nte filler and thermal expansion misfit between the nte filler and matrix are always encountered in designed composites with tailored thermal expansion . in this paper , we conduct a simulation study of zn(cn) focusing on the pressure and temperature effects on its negative thermal expansion . we chose this material for several reasons . firstly , zn(cn) is a well - known representative nte material . it has a framework structure consisting of tetrahedral groups of atoms linked by diatomic rods of c n and has exceptionally large isotropic nte of mk ( twice as large as that of zrwo ) . secondly , the material shows a variety of exotic properties in experiments , including reduction of its nte on heating , pressure - enhanced thermal contraction , and pressure - induced softening , none of which are fully understood . thirdly , with previous dft calculations of zn(cn) explaining the origin of nte of the material in terms of grneisen theory , it would be useful to draw a clear link between the values of the grneisen parameters in energy space and the structural vibrations in real space with full anharmonicity ( which should be important in such an nte system ) based on theoretically reproducing the aforementioned exotic properties . her", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.18286839127540588, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We study the effect of pressure and temperature on negative thermal expansion in zn(cn ). We find that the material exhibits an unusually large isotropic nte of mk ( twice as large as that of zrwo ) and has a very large is - shape nthe of the same size as that found in a well - known representative ne material. The result is consistent with previous calculations of nn(bn, cn and cmn ), which are based on the gr.", "reference_summary": "pressure and temperature dependence of the negative thermal expansion in zn(cn) is fully investigated using molecular dynamics simulations with a built potential model . the advantage of this study allows us to reproduce the exotic behaviours of the material , including the negative thermal expansion ( nte ) , the reduction of nte with elevated temperature , the pressure enhancement of nte and the pressure - induced softening . results of the study provide us detailed data to link the properties"}
{"id": "paper_67", "title": "Training time on large datasets for deep neural networks is the principal workflow bottleneck in a...", "text": "estimates of the data gathered by a self - driving car start from at least 750 mb / s . with proper annotation or through an unsupervised learning scheme , all of this data can become useful for training the object detection system or grid - occupancy system of a self - driving car . the resulting training set can lead to weeks or more of training time on a single cpu / gpu system . therefore , for such applications training time defines the most time consuming element of the workflow , and reduced training time is highly desirable . to achieve significant reductions in training time , the training must be distributed across multiple cpus / gpus with the goal of strong scaling : as more nodes are thrown at the problem , the training time should ideally decrease proportionally . there are two primary approaches to distributed stochastic gradient descent ( sgd ) for training deep neural networks : ( i ) synchronous all - reduce sgd based on a fast all - reduce collective communication operation , and ( ii ) asynchronous sgd using a parameter server . both approaches ( i ) and ( ii ) have weaknesses at scale . synchronous sgd is penalized by straggling processors , underutilizes compute resources , and is not robust in the face of failing processors or nodes . on the other hand , asynchronous approaches using parameter servers create a communication bottleneck and underutilize the available network resources , slowing convergence . individual researchers also have different numbers of nodes at their disposal , including compute and network resources . so determining the best approach for a given number of nodes , as well as the approach that scales to the most number of nodes , is of interest to practitioners with finite resources . we are concerned with the following questions : 1 . how fast do asynchronous and synchronous sgd algorithms converge at both the beginning of training ( large step sizes ) and at the end of training ( large step sizes ) ? 2 . how does the c", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17558731138706207, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We study the convergence of distributed stochastic gradient descent ( sgd ) algorithms on a self - driving car using a parameter server. We show that sggd is a robust and efficient method for training deep neural networks, and that it can be used to train objects. In particular, we find that asynchronous all - reduce sGd is more robust than s - based ssg, which is based on symmetries.", "reference_summary": "training time on large datasets for deep neural networks is the principal workflow bottleneck in a number of important applications of deep learning , such as object classification and detection in automatic driver assistance systems ( adas ) . to minimize training time , the training of a deep neural network must be scaled beyond a single machine to as many machines as possible by distributing the optimization method used for training . while a number of approaches have been proposed for distri"}
{"id": "paper_68", "title": "The star lhs 3250 is found to be a white dwarf at a distance of 30 pc", "text": "the star lhs 3250 ( lp70 - 238 ; wd1653 + 630 ) is a faint star discovered by luyten ( 1970 ; 1976 ) to have a proper motion of 0.512 arcsec yr in a position angle of 275.2 and a color - class `` f '' . these properties indicate that it is likely to be a white dwarf , and it was observed spectroscopically by hintzen ( 1986 ) who verified it as being a white dwarf with a classification of dc9 . usno parallax observations began in 1992 , and they have now confirmed that the star has the very low luminosity of a cool white dwarf ( discussed in section 2 ) . however , in the process of measuring its colors accurately , we have found it to have a unique spectral energy distribution . optical spectra and polarization data have been obtained , and lead us to conclude that most likely it has an extremely low temperature . this conclusion is of particular interest because low - temperature , low - luminosity white dwarfs in the galactic disk can constrain the early star - formation history of the disk , and because such stars in the galactic halo potentially can contribute significant mass to the halo . in this paper , we discuss the unusual properties of this star , and attempt to arrive at a plausible description of its nature . lhs 3250 was observed with the 1.5 m strand telescope and a tektronix 2048x2048 ccd camera as part of the usno parallax program during 19921998 . this configuration gives typical errors of .5 mas in the relative parallax with 50 observations or more . lhs 3250 was observed with 84 images taken on 81 nights . the general observing and reduction procedures for the tek2048 astrometry are described by monet et al . the astrometric results are shown in table 1 . future observers should note that the coordinates given in the lhs catalogue are incorrect by 1.6 arcmin the lhs atlas has the correct star marked , and the correct coordinates are given in table 1 . also , the proper motion given in the lhs catalogue differs from that given in table 1 by much m", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.18562333285808563, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new spectral analysis of the star lhs 3250 ( lp70 - 238; wd1653 + 630 ), which is a faint white dwarf with a proper motion of 0.512 arcsec yr in a position angle of 275.2. The spectra and polarization data are obtained from the tek2048 ccd camera, and show that it has an extremely low temperature.", "reference_summary": "the star lhs 3250 is found to be a white dwarf at a distance of 30 pc . its absolute magnitudes ( ; ) put it among the least - luminous white dwarfs known . its optical spectrum shows no features , indicating it has a dc classification , and it shows no detectable polarization , indicating it does not have a very strong magnetic field . however , its broadband colors show it to have a unique spectral energy distribution , and it stands out from all other stars in and other broadband photometric "}
{"id": "paper_69", "title": "We study the stress developed during the drying of a colloidal drop of silica nanoparticles", "text": "[ [ floating - films ] ] floating films + + + + + + + + + + + + + + polydimethylsiloxane ( pdms , sylgard 184 , dow corning ) is mixed and degassed at c to slow down the reaction and to ensure a reproducible viscosity . a silicon wafer is first coated with a 10% wt . aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol ( pva , sigma - aldrich , kda ) . the coating is dried until a uniform color is obtained . then , the pdms is spin coated on this wafer and placed in an oven at c for 10 hours . the edge of the coated pdms is removed to obtain a circular film of diameter mm . a petri dish , painted in black to enhance the contrast on the picture , is partially filled with deionized water . the wafer is dipped in this bath to dissolve the sacrificial layer of pva and to detach the pdms film . once the pdms film is fully detached and floats at the surface , the wafer is removed . we used a white light spectrometer ( oceanoptics usb2000 + used with a ls-1-ll tungsten halogen light source ) to measure the film thicknesses , which range between $ ] m . the presence of pva lowers the surface tension of the bath , which is mn / m . [ [ visualisation ] ] visualisation + + + + + + + + + + + + + our experiments of controlled drying of drops are performed in a transparent glove box , which has humidity controller presented in fig . [ fig : si_setup ] . the relative humidity is set to % in all of our experiments . a grid is placed in the glove box on the top of the sample and a light source is placed behind a light diffuser to obtain an even illumination . the deformation of the membrane is visualised by the distortion of the pattern made by the grid . the time evolution of the system is recorded by a nikon camera ( d7100 ) mounted with a 18 - 55 mm nikon objective ( fig . [ fig : si_setup ] ) . [ [ dialysis ] ] dialysis + + + + + + + + each suspension was dialysed to ensure that they have the same properties ( ionic strength and ph ) . dialysis bags ( 12 - 14 kda , fisherbrand ) are partially ", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.18223878741264343, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new method for the control of the drying of polydimethylsiloxane ( pdms ) films in a transparent glove box. The solution is heated to a temperature of mn / m and the film thicknesses are measured by a white light spectrometer. We show that the pvw - pva coating is a good candidate for controlling the drying process.", "reference_summary": "we study the stress developed during the drying of a colloidal drop of silica nanoparticles . in particular , we use the wrinkling instability of a thin floating sheet to measure the net stress applied by the deposit on the substrate and we focus on the effect of the particle polydispersity . in the case of a bidisperse suspension , we show that a small number of large particles substantially decreases the expected stress , which we interpret as the formation of lower hydrodynamic resistance pat"}
{"id": "paper_70", "title": "We perform a detailed investigation of total lifetimes for the doubly heavy baryons , in the...", "text": "at present a number of powerful techniques based on operator product expansion ( ope ) and effective field theories have been developed . these tools allow one consistently to include into consideration various nonperturbative contributions , written in terms of a few number of universal quantities . the coefficients ( wilson coefficients ) in front of these operators are generally expanded in series over the qcd coupling constant , inverse heavy quark mass and/or relative velocity of heavy quarks inside the hadron . the accuracy , obtained in such calculations , can be systematically improved , and it is limited only by the convergence properties of the mentioned series . the described approach have been already widely used for making the precise predictions in the heavy quark sector of standard model ( sm ) , such as decays , distributions and partial width asymmetries involving the cp violation for the heavy hadrons . the sensitivity of wilson coefficients to virtual corrections caused by some higher - scale interactions makes this approach to be invaluable in searching for a `` new '' physics at forthcoming experiments . the approach under discussion has been successfully used in the description of weak decays of the hadrons containing a single heavy quark , as carried out in the framework of heavy quark effective theory ( hqet ) , in the annihilation and radiative decays of heavy quarkonia , where one used the framework of non - relativistic qcd ( nrqcd ) , and in the weak decays of long - lived heavy quarkonium with mixed flavours .- meson was recently reported by the cdf collaboration ; see ref. for a theoretical review of -meson physics before the observation . ] the experimental data on the weak decays of heavy hadrons can be used for the determination of basic properties of weak interactions at a fundamental level , in particular , for the extraction of ckm matrix elements . the same approach is also valid for the baryons containing two heavy quarks . in a", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17395493388175964, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new approach to the description of weak decays of heavy hadrons in the framework of operator product expansion ( ope ) and effective field theories. The method is based on the wilson coefficients, which are generally expanded in series over the qcd coupling constant, inverse heavy quark mass and/or relative velocity of heavy qurons inside the hadron. This approach is applicable for the determination of basic properties of weak interactions at a fundamental level, in particular, for the extraction of ckm matrix elements.", "reference_summary": "we perform a detailed investigation of total lifetimes for the doubly heavy baryons , in the framework of operator product expansion over the inverse heavy quark mass , whereas , to estimate matrix elements of operators obtained in ope , approximations of nonrelativistic qcd are used . = -18 mm = -22 mm # 10= 0=0 1= 1=1 0>1 # 1 / * lifetimes of doubly heavy baryons * + a.k . likhoded , a.i . onishchenko + + _ protvino , moscow region , 142284 russia _ + b ) institute for theoretical and experime"}
{"id": "paper_71", "title": "We studied in detail the binary cluster candidates sl538 and ngc2006 in the large magellanic cloud...", "text": "the existence of gravitationally bound pairs of star clusters is important for the understanding of formation and evolution of star clusters . since the probability of tidal capture of one cluster by another one is very small ( bhatia et al . 1991 ) , we can assume that the components of a true binary star cluster have a common origin . star clusters form in giant molecular clouds ( gmcs ) ( e.g. elmegreen & elmegreen 1983 ) , but the details of cluster formation are not yet well understood . if the components of a cluster pair or multiple cluster formed simultaneously or sequentially in the same fragmenting gmc they should have similar properties like age , metallicity and stellar content . in the milky way only a few binary clusters are known , though lyng & wramdemark ( 1984 ) suggest the common origin of a group of six galactic open clusters . later pavloskaya & filippova ( 1989 ) , and more recently subramaniam et al . ( 1995 ) , propose the existence of more possible galactic binary clusters and cluster complexes . the apparent lack of binary clusters in our own galaxy may be explained in different ways . subramaniam et al . ( 1995 ) argue that since we are looking at the galaxy from inside , double clusters may be harder to detect than in the distant magellanic clouds , where binary clusters can easily be detected due to the closeness of their projected positions on the sky . the distance to the galactic clusters must also be taken into account , but only approximately 400 of 1400 open clusters have known distances ( lyng 1987 ) . subramaniam et al . ( 1995 ) found 16 galactic binary cluster candidates on the base of the lyng catalogue , which corresponds to 8 % of the investigated number of clusters . from this they conclude that binary clusters in the milky way may not be uncommon . the evolution of a gravitationally bound pair of star clusters depends on the interaction between the components as well as on the tidal forces of the parent galaxy . if the tid", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17909443378448486, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new method for the identification of gravitationally bound pairs of star clusters in the milky way. We use the lyng catalogue to find 16 galactic binary cluster candidates on the basis of the lng catalogue, which corresponds to 8 % of the investigated number of clusters. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that the existence of gravitationsally bound pair of star Clusters is not uncommon.", "reference_summary": "we studied in detail the binary cluster candidates sl538 and ngc2006 in the large magellanic cloud ( lmc ) . this cluster pair is located in the northwestern part of the large ob association lh77 in supergiant shell lmc4 . a third star cluster , kmhk1019 , is located within from the cluster pair . our study is the first age determination of sl538 and ngc2006 that is based on cmds . we derived an age of myr for sl538 , myr for ngc2006 , and myr for kmhk1019 . thus the three clusters are ( nearly "}
{"id": "paper_72", "title": "We derive an explicit expression for the coupling constants of individual eigenstates of a closed...", "text": "during the last years quantum chaotic scattering was a field of intense research . a great deal of the results obtained was based on the projection operator formalism due to feshbach , weidenmller and others . in this approach the scattering system is decomposed into a closed subsystem described by the internal hamiltonian with discrete bound states and a continuum of external scattering states labeled by the energy and an index corresponding to different open scattering channels . the coupling between the internal and external subsystems is then incorporated by an operator with matrix elements . the s - matrix of the complete system can be expressed in terms of these matrix elements and the hamiltonian . this relation can be cast into the form here , and are energy - dependent square matrices of dimension , and has dimension . while this setting is very general , the tools developed for the subsequent analysis of the properties of the s - matrix require additional assumptions . in particular , the energy thresholds for the opening of new scattering channels are usually neglected . as a consequence the energy dependence of the coupling matrix can be considered weak and then the s - matrix ( [ sk ] ) can be rewritten in terms of an effective non hermitian hamiltonian this canonical formalism for expressing the s - matrix is sometimes denoted as the heidelberg description of scattering , and we use this name to distinguish it from an s - matrix obtained directly , i. e.without reference to any auxiliary closed system . when the internal hamiltonian in ( [ seffh2 ] ) describes a chaotic system , it is justified to replace it by a random matrix , and by performing an average over the appropriate ensemble a statistical theory for the s - matrix is obtained which allows to calculate quantities of interest such as correlation functions or the distribution of wigner delay times and resonance poles . it was found that the results of such an approach are to a large extent ind", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.1677612066268921, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new method for the analysis of quantum chaotic scattering in terms of an effective non hermitian hamiltonian. This method is based on the projection operator formalism due to feshbach and weidenmller. The results obtained are compared with those obtained by the projection operators, which are based upon the heidelberg description of scattering.", "reference_summary": "we derive an explicit expression for the coupling constants of individual eigenstates of a closed billiard which is opened by attaching a waveguide . the wigner time delay and the resonance positions resulting from the coupling constants are compared to an exact numerical calculation . deviations can be attributed to evanescent modes in the waveguide and to the finite number of eigenstates taken into account . the influence of the shape of the billiard and of the boundary conditions at the mouth"}
{"id": "paper_73", "title": "We demonstrate the onset of strong on - site localization in a one - dimensional many - particle...", "text": "disorder - induced localization has been one of the central problems of condensed matter physics , starting with the anderson paper . it has also attracted much attention in other physical contexts , quantum chaos being an example . recent interest in quantum computing has further emphasized its importance and allowed looking at it from a somewhat different perspective . in many proposed physical implementations of a quantum computer ( qc ) the qubit - qubit interaction is not turned off . the interaction may lead to excitation hopping from one qubit to another . however , control and measurement should be presumably performed on individual qubits . therefore it is essential to prevent excitation transfer between operations . this makes localization a prerequisite for quantum computing with perpetually coupled qubits . several approaches to quantum computing with perpetually coupled qubits have been proposed recently in a multi - excitation system like a system of interacting electrons or a qc , inter - site ( or inter - qubit ) transitions are a many - body effect , they involve several excitations . in spite of the broad interest in the problem of many - particle localization , only a limited number of analytical results has been obtained . numerical results are also limited : classical computers do not allow studying a large number of particles , because the hilbert space is exponentially large . on the other hand , qc s with perpetually coupled qubits provide a unique means for investigating localization in a controllable setting . in this paper we study strong on - site many - particle localization . it implies that each particle ( or excitation ) is nearly completely confined to one site . this is a stronger condition than just exponential decay of the wave function , and it is this condition that must be met in a qc . a well - known argument suggests that it is hard to strongly localize a disordered many - particle system where the on - site energies are rand", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17688946425914764, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We study strong on - site many - particle localization in a quantum computer ( qc ) with perpetually coupled qubits. The on _ site _ energy is nearly completely confined to one site, and the on_site energies are rand. This condition is a stronger condition than just exponential decay of the wave function.", "reference_summary": "we demonstrate the onset of strong on - site localization in a one - dimensional many - particle system . the localization is obtained by constructing , in an explicit form , a bounded sequence of on - site energies that eliminates resonant hopping between both nearest and remote sites . this sequence leads to quasi - exponential decay of the single - particle transition amplitude . it also leads to strong localization of stationary many - particle states in a finite - length chain . for an _ in"}
{"id": "paper_74", "title": "We investigate the rare - earth polychalcogenide te ( =nd , sm and gd ) charge - density - wave (...", "text": "the rare - earth polychalcogenides x ( where is the rare earth element , x denotes s , se and te , and n=2 , 2.5 , 3 ) have recently attracted great interest due to their low dimensionality . among the x families are members that variously host large commensurate distortions , ordered and disordered vacancy structures , and ( small - amplitude ) fermi surface driven charge - density - wave ( cdw ) . furthermore , the discovery of a pressure - induced superconductivity state in cete competing with a cdw phase and an antiferromagnetic order makes the rare - earth tellurides an ideal system to investigate the consequences that the interplay or competition between those phases has on fermionic excitations at the fermi energy . in a broader perspective , they may help providing a deeper understanding of how superconductivity might result from such an interplay , an issue of great interest in the solid state community . the cdw state has its origin in the well - known peierls transition . peierls first pointed out that a one - dimensional metal is unstable , when turning on the electron - phonon interaction , and undergoes a metal - insulator phase transition accompanied by a lattice distortion . the new modulation of the lattice induces a periodic potential , which will be screened by the itinerant charge carriers through the formation of the charge - density - wave condensate . consequently , the opening of a ( cdw ) gap at the fermi surface ( fs ) as well as the formation of a collective density wave state are the two most relevant fingerprints , characterizing a cdw broken symmetry ground state . the cdw gap acts as an order parameter of the phase transition and its determination is of relevance in order to get more insight about the impact of the transition on the electronic properties and fermi surface , as well . optical spectroscopic methods proved to be a powerful experimental tool and were widely used over the past few decades , in order to address the electrody", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.1700749546289444, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new method for the determination of the charge - density - wave ( cdw ) gap at the fermi surface. This technique is based on the spectral analysis of the x family and its interactions with the fermions. The results are presented in terms of the coupling between the two phases, which can be used to study the effects of the transition on the electronic properties and fermi surfaces.", "reference_summary": "we investigate the rare - earth polychalcogenide te ( =nd , sm and gd ) charge - density - wave ( cdw ) compounds by optical methods . from the absorption spectrum we extract the excitation energy of the cdw gap and estimate the fraction of the fermi surface which is gapped by the formation of the cdw condensate . in analogy to previous findings on the related te ( n=2 and 3 ) families , we establish the progressive closing of the cdw gap and the moderate enhancement of the metallic component up"}
{"id": "paper_75", "title": "How to macroscopically control the flow of heat at will is up to now a challenge , which , however...", "text": "the flow of heat is a common phenomenon in nature . however , how to macroscopically manipulate the heat flow at will remains poorly explored in the literature , which , however , is very important for human life or military uses , say , efficient refrigerators , solar cells , energy - saving buildings , or infrared camouflage . it is known that our world has been changing by _ intelligent _ electronic components or _ intelligent _ materials . here intelligent _ means that the component or material has properties that can be tuned in a controllable manner by external stimuli . for example , electronic diodes belong to intelligent electronic components , which have much lower resistance to electric current along one direction than the other ; shape memory alloys are a kind of intelligent materials , which can recover their original shapes by stimuli ( say , heating or adding an external magnetic field ) after big deformations . manipulating thermal conduction equations to achieve desired temperature distributions or heat flux patterns in thermal metamaterials is promising for thermal extensions of _ intelligent _ electronic components or _ intelligent _ materials . as a result , this manipulation might produce a unique class of intelligent thermal metamaterials , thus yielding a novel ( intelligent ) way for macroscopically controlling the flow of heat at will . for this purpose , let s trace back to the birth of transformation optics theory . in 2006 , leonhardt and pendry _ et al . _ independently established the transformation optics theory , which leads to a new concept of invisibility cloaking . such a significant progress soon enlightened a lot of scientists in different fields since it offers a powerful method for designing metamaterials with new properties like optical illusions . in essence , this theory demands the form invariance of domain equations under linear coordinate transformations . this characteristic serves as the foundation of transformation opt", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17766959965229034, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We study the thermal properties of a thermal metamaterial with an invariance of domain equations under linear coordinate transformations. We find that the thermal flux patterns are determined by the form invariant of the domain equation, which is a new concept for invisibility cloaking. This theory is based on the principle of invariability of domain - equations, and it is applied to the design of thermal meta materials with new properties like optical illusions; the results show that the flow of heat can be controlled by the shape memory alloys whose shapes can be tuned.", "reference_summary": "how to macroscopically control the flow of heat at will is up to now a challenge , which , however , is very important for human life since heat flow is a ubiquitous phenomenon in nature . inspired by intelligent electronic components or intelligent materials , here we demonstrate , analytically and numerically , a unique class of intelligent bifunctional thermal metamaterials called _ thermal cloak - concentrators _ , which can automatically change from a cloak ( concentrator ) to a concentrato"}
{"id": "paper_76", "title": "The casimir and van der waals interaction between two dissimilar thick dielectric plates is...", "text": "both the casimir and van der waals interactions are the quantum phenomena caused by fluctuating electromagnetic fields . in the framework of quantum field theory , these interactions can be described through the alteration by the material boundaries of the zero - point electromagnetic energy that pervades all of space . thus , the casimir and van der waals forces are found to be closely connected with the fundamental properties of quantum vacuum ( see the original ref . and monographs ) . in the last few years the casimir interaction has been actively investigated in connection with topical applications in extra - dimensional physics ( where it provides an effective mechanism for spontaneous compactification of extra spatial dimensions ) and in the bag model of hadrons . several measurements of the casimir and van der waals forces between metal macrobodies were performed with increased precision using modern laboratory techniques . the experimental results were used to obtain stronger constraints on the yukawa - type long - range interaction , predicted by many extensions to the standard model , in the micrometer interaction range . concurrent with the fundamental applications in elementary particle physics , the use of the casimir and van der waals forces in nanotechnology , in quantum reflection and bose - einstein condensation and in noncontact atomic friction was begun . the numerous applications of the casimir and van der waals forces and the extensive experimental work impose severe demands on the accuracy of theoretical predictions . the basic theory of these forces acting between real materials was developed by e. m. lifshitz and his collaborators . it expresses the free energy and force acting between two macrobodies in terms of their frequency - dependent dielectric permittivities . the original derivation of the lifshitz formulas for the free energy and pressure between two thick dielectric plates is based on the concept of a fluctuating electromagnetic f", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17169009149074554, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new theory of the casimir and van der waals forces between metal macrobodies. The theory is based on the concept of a fluctuating electromagnetic field, which is a quantum phenomena caused by fluctuations in the electromagnetic field that pervades all of space. It is shown that the force acting between two metal macrobody is dependent on the dielectric permittivities of the dipoles.", "reference_summary": "the casimir and van der waals interaction between two dissimilar thick dielectric plates is reconsidered on the basis of thermal quantum field theory in matsubara formulation . we briefly review two main derivations of the lifshitz formula in the framework of thermal quantum field theory without use of the fluctuation - dissipation theorem . a set of special conditions is formulated under which these derivations remain valid in the presence of dissipation . the low - temperature behavior of the "}
{"id": "paper_77", "title": "In 2001 astumian published a very simple game which can be described by a markov chain with...", "text": "the present note was initiated by the revisited astumian s paradox . in august 2004 piotrowski and sladowski asserted that astumian s analysis was flawed . however , as shown by astumian , this statement was wrong . since the analysis of the problem in a slightly more general frame than it was done earlier could be a good exercise for graduate students , we came to the conclusion that it might be useful to publish our elementary considerations about the properties of markov chains corresponding to astumian type games . for entirely didactic reasons , in sections ii and iii we present a brief summary of definitions and statements which are needed for the analysis of the astumian type markov chains . in section iv we analyze the properties of such chains and determine the probabilities of losing and winning . conclusions are made in section v. let be a finite set of positive integers , and be a set of non - negative integers . denote by the random variable which assumes the elements of . we say that the sequence forms a markov chain if for all and for all possible values of random variables the equation is fulfilled . if then the process is said to be in _ state _ at the th ( discrete time instant ) step . the states define _ the space of states _ of the process . the probability distribution of the random variable is called the _ initial distribution _ and the conditional probabilities are called _ transition probabilities_. if and , then we say that the process made a transition at the th step . the markov chain is _ homogeneous _ if the transition probabilities are independent of . in this case we may write and it obviously holds that in what follows we shall consider only homogeneous markov chains . we would like to emphasize that the transition probability matrix which is a _ stochastic matrix _ , and the initial distribution determine the random process uniquely . for the sake of simplicity , we assume that the process is a random walk of an abstract object , ca", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.16675297915935516, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We consider the astumian type markov chains corresponding to astUMian types of games. In this paper we discuss the properties of such chains and determine the probabilities of losing and winning.", "reference_summary": "in 2001 astumian published a very simple game which can be described by a markov chain with absorbing initial and final states . in august 2004 piotrowski and sladowski asserted that astumian s analysis was flawed . however , as was shown by astumian , this statement was wrong . in this comment the properties of markov chains corresponding to games that are more general than that studied by astumian , are investigated ."}
{"id": "paper_78", "title": "We show that under certain symmetry , the images of complete harmonic embeddings from the complex...", "text": "let and be oriented surfaces with metrics and , where and are local complex coordinates of and , respectively . a map from to is harmonic if and only if satisfies the hopf differential of a map between these surfaces is defined by . if is harmonic , then it is well - known that is a holomorphic quadratic differential on . the -_energy density _ and -_energy density _ of are defined by in terms of the -_energy density _ and -_energy density _ , the energy density and jacobian of can be written as in this paper , we are interested in the case that , , and that is an orientation preserving open harmonic embedding . in this case , the jacobian is strictly positive , i.e. , , and hence . therefore , one can consider the -energy metric on the complex plane . as mentioned in the introduction , is called _ complete _ if its -energy metric is a complete metric on . as the completeness is only defined for orientation preserving , the term _ complete harmonic open embedding _ implies implicitly that the harmonic embedding is orientation preserving . it was shown in that for each holomorphic quadratic differential which is not identically zero , there is a complete harmonic open embedding , unique up to conformal transformations , such that the hopf differential of is exactly . let be a holomorphic quadratic differential on , which is given in local coordinate as , where is in general a holomorphic function . for any with , there is a choice of a continuous branch of in a neighborhood of . then for a given base point sufficiently close to , the mapping is univalent in possibly a smaller neighborhood of in . this defines local charts on and determines two measured foliations on with singularities at the zeros of . in particular , the leaves of them are curves given locally by the sets , each and is called a _ horizontal trajectory _ and _ vertical trajectory , _ respectively . the foliations formed by these curves are called _ horizontal foliation _ and _ vertical foliation _ co", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.161953866481781, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We study the holomorphic quadratic differential on which is given in local coordinate as, where is in general a holographic function. For each holotic quadrastic differential which is not identically zero, there is a complete harmonic open embedding, unique up to conformal transformations. This allows us to determine two measured foliations on with singularities at the zeros of.", "reference_summary": "we show that under certain symmetry , the images of complete harmonic embeddings from the complex plane into the hyperbolic plane is completely determined by the geometric information of the vertical measured foliation and is independent of the horizontal measured foliation of the corresponding hopf differentials . in this paper , we find a new explicit relation between the image of harmonic embeddings , with certain symmetry , from the complex plane into the hyperbolic plane and the metric of t"}
{"id": "paper_79", "title": "We present ccd photometry for stars in the nuclei of the young double cluster and persei", "text": "the precise determination of galactic open clusters main physical parameters plays a central role in the study of the stellar structure and evolution . with accurate photometric data , and once the external variables such as reddening are corrected for , the cluster distances , ages and chemical abundances can be inferred from the study of the photometric colour - magnitude and colour - colour diagrams . the usual way to obtain the cluster age is by means of isochrone fitting to the main sequence in a colour - magnitude diagram . in the case of young clusters -younger than 50 myr- isochrone fitting is made difficult by the usual presence of differential reddening across the cluster face , which widens the observed main sequence . moreover , the presence of emission line stars , like be o pms stars , which occupy anomalous positions in the photometric diagrams , additionally contributes to a further main sequence widening . hence , the fit of a particular isochrone can be a very uncertain process , and it is not difficult to find recent age determinations with very diverging values for a given young cluster . in a recent paper , fabregat & torrejn ( ) propose the use of isochrone fitting in the plane of the photometric system as an adequate tool to obtain accurate cluster ages . the range of variation of the index along the b - type sequence amounts more than 1 mag . , being significantly larger than most common used photometric colours . moreover , the index is less affected by reddening , and allows an efficient segregation of emission - line stars . in order to produce accurate and homogeneous dating for a sample of young galactic clusters , we have undertaken an observational programme to obtain ccd photometry . in this paper we present the first results , related to the clusters and persei . the double cluster and is one of the richest young open clusters in the galaxy , and also one of the brightest and closest to us . on a clear night , far from the light poll", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17099371552467346, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present the first results of a new observational programme to obtain ccd photometry for a sample of young galactic clusters. The two - type cluster is one of the richest young open clusters in the galaxy, and also one of brightest and closest to us. On a clear night, far from the light poll, near the light - poll.", "reference_summary": "we present ccd photometry for stars in the nuclei of the young double cluster and persei . we find that the reddening is highly variable through the per nucleus , increasing from west to east , with values ranging from in the western part to in the south - east . towards per the reddening is fairly constant , with . both clusters share a common distance modulus of 11.7.1 mag . , and an age of years ."}
{"id": "paper_80", "title": "Parton cascade models ( pcm ) , which describe the full time - evolution of a system of quarks and...", "text": "recent data from the relativistic heavy - ion collider ( rhic ) at brookhaven have provided strong evidence for the existence of a transient quark - gluon - plasma ( qgp ) with the properties of a near ideal fluid and high opacity . the discovery of the qgp has been anchored by the measurement of elliptic flow and the suppression of particles with high transverse momentum , jet quenching . the suppression of high hadrons as measured at rhic is a key signature of the formation of a qgp and of the modification of jets , collections of collimated high momentum particles , by this matter . the modification of hard probes provides an opportunity to learn about the physical properties of the qgp . it has been shown that elastic energy loss is insufficient to entirely account for the fivefold suppression of high momentum partons as seen in the rhic data . medium induced radiation must therefore play an important part in this process , furthermore at high probe energies quantum effects can not be neglected . the lpm effect is a quantum modification to the radiation of highly energetic particles passing through amorphous matter . at high energies forward scattering momentum transfers will be small and so the wavefunction of the particle will probe long distances in the material . interactions with the medium can no longer be treated as single scatterings . instead interactions with collections of scattering centers must be treated coherently . this gives rise to interference effects which suppress the radiation spectrum . in the non - abelian lpm effect it is the rescattering of bremsstrahlung gluons with medium particles which leads to the dominant interference process . during emission collinear soft gluons are indistinguishable from their parent partons for some period , which can be characterized by a formation time . if this time becomes longer than the mean free path , i.e small emission angles and soft radiation , the gluon will interact coherently with additional sca", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17488040030002594, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new study of the formation of a transient quark - gluon - plasma ( qgp ) at brookhaven. The lpm effect is a quantum modification to the radiation of highly energetic particles passing through amorphous matter. It is shown that the rescattering of bremsstrahlung gluones with medium particles leads to the dominant interference process.", "reference_summary": "parton cascade models ( pcm ) , which describe the full time - evolution of a system of quarks and gluons using pqcd interactions are ideally suited for the description of jet production , including the emission , evolution and energy - loss of the full parton shower in a hot and dense qcd medium . the landau - pomeranchuk - migdal ( lpm ) effect , the quantum interference of parton wave functions due to repeated scatterings against the background medium , is likely the dominant in - medium effe"}
{"id": "paper_81", "title": "We have identified four circumstellar disks with a deficit of dust emission from their inner 15 -...", "text": "the evolutionary processes transforming massive , gas - rich circumstellar disks into tenuous , gas - poor debris disks are still not well understood . during this crucial interval , planets form and the remaining disk material is accreted or dispersed . the path by which this transition proceeds remains uncertain . do disks clear uniformly throughout via grain growth and settling or is the process accelerated in the inner regions forming gaps ( e.g. ) ? evidence of dust clearing should be visible in the infrared ( ir ) spectral energy distribution ( sed ) . the _ spitzer space telescope _ , with its wide wavelength coverage and increased sensitivity , is starting to reveal a new population of disks with unusual seds . lack of mid - ir excess emission from disks has been interpreted as a sign of dust clearing since the first disk seds were observed with iras . further examples and some spectra ( e.g. hd 100546 , ) were obtained of a few herbig ae / be stars with the iso satellite . in this paper , we designate disks with this characteristic missing mid - ir emission as ` cold disks ' due to the lack of emission from warm dust . these seds morphologically fall between the seds of classical optically thick disks , which show excess emission throughout the ir , and debris disks characterized by very weak far - ir excesses , leading them to be considered as transitional objects between the two classes . spitzer spectra are particularly important to characterize the sharp rise , since they cover the critical 8 - 30 range . the earliest example discovered with spitzer was coku tau 4 modelled to have an inner hole within 10 au ( , ) . three additional t tauri stars , tw hya , gm aur and dm tau , have been identified as also containing cleared inner regions . one of the most exciting proposed explanations for these cold disks is that a planet has cleared a gap in the disk and thus that these inner holes may trace the presence of planetary systems . in this paper we present ", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17350398004055023, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new class of disks with unusual mid - ir emission, characterized by a lack of mid / irared emission from warm dust. The disks are characterized in the presence of a gap in the disk and a planet has cleared a hole within 10 au. We find that these disks have a very low - energy spectra, which are consistent with the hypothesis that a star has cleared an inner hole within the disk.", "reference_summary": "we have identified four circumstellar disks with a deficit of dust emission from their inner 15 - 50 au . all four stars have f - g spectral type , and were uncovered as part of the spitzer space telescope `` cores to disks '' legacy program infrared spectrograph ( irs ) first look survey of pre - main sequence stars . modeling of the spectral energy distributions indicates a reduction in dust density by factors of 100 - 1000 from disk radii between .4 and 15 - 50 au , but with massive gas - ric"}
{"id": "paper_82", "title": "Planetary nebulae ( pn ) represent the evolutionary fate of the asymptotic giant branch ( agb )...", "text": "planetary nebulae ( pn ) represent the fate of ejected envelopes of asymptotic giant branch ( agb ) stars , while their central stars ( cs ) are the remnants of the agb cores . single ( or detached binary ) stars with 1 m is the mass on the main sequence ] evolve through the agb , and eventually eject their envelope . the central star temperature increases after the envelope ejection , until it is high enough for hydrogen to be ionized , giving birth to a pn . planetary nebulae are characterized by their emission spectra , with the brightest lines corresponding to the balmer series and the forbidden [ o iii ] lines , thus they are easy to detect and to identify even in outer galaxies . the duration of the pn phase is extremely short if compared with any stellar evolutionary phase , since pn evolve on a dynamical rather than nuclear time scale . these circumstances contribute to make pn excellent probes of the recent past of the agb stars they evolved from . the spectra of pn may be analyzed relatively easily to determine their chemical abundances . the impact of pn chemistry is twofold : first , nebular abundances of elements that are expected to vary with the evolution of low- and intermediate - mass stars allow to use pn as probes of agb stars as actors , and to determine the impact of agb evolution within the hosting galaxy ; second , the study of elements that are invariant with respect to the evolution of low- and intermediate - mass stars enable pn to be used as probes of the environment at the time of progenitor formation . with the current technology , applications concerning the use of pn to determine the chemical impact of agb stars are feasible in the galaxy and the magellanic clouds . beyond that , a few studies of extragalactic pn spectroscopy are setting the stage for future endeavors . in this paper i review the most recent and homogeneous data sets of pn abundances , including galactic disk , bulge , and magellanic cloud pn . a study of these abundan", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17662955820560455, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present the latest data on planetary nebulae ( pn ) in the symmetries of the agb core. The p - spectra of png are analyzed to determine their chemical abundances. We find that the n - line emission spectrometer is sensitive to the presence of a large number of elements, and that the emission spectrometer can be used as a tool for determining the chemical abundance of planetary stars.", "reference_summary": "planetary nebulae ( pn ) represent the evolutionary fate of the asymptotic giant branch ( agb ) stellar envelopes , thus are ideally suited to study the chemical impact of agb stars . stellar evolution predict elemental enrichment through the agb evolution , and convective dredge - up episodes allow the products of stellar evolution to reach the stellar outer layers . planetary nebulae are probes of these processes , and are also probes of the environment at the time of formation of their progen"}
{"id": "paper_83", "title": "In physics there are two masses , the gravitational and inertial , and an open question : what is...", "text": "inertial forces appear in a non - inertial reference system . but what determines an inertial reference system ? according to newton , an inertial reference system is a system that moves at a constant velocity with respect to the absolute space . according to mach s principle , inertial reference system is a system that moves with constant velocity with respect to the distant stars . if the rest of the universe determines the inertial frame , it follows that inertia is not an intrinsic property of the matter , but arises as a result of the interaction of matter with the rest of the matter in the universe . alfred einstein was inspired by mach s principle . the general theory of relativity attempted to interpret inertia , considering that it is the gravitational effect of the whole universe , but as pointed out by einstein , it failed to do so [ 1 ] . einstein showed that the field equation of general relativity implies that an object in an empty universe has inertial properties . following mach s principle , dennis sciama in a paper in 1952 attempted to interpret inertia using a model where gravitational forces are described by equations similar to maxwell equations [ 2 ] . in this paper , the inertia of an accelerating object is an inductive effect of all other objects of the universe and the principle of equivalence is a result of the theory and need not be introduced axiomatically . but no answer was given to the question of how inertial forces appear exactly at the time when a body is accelerating . in electrodynamics inertia has the name radiation reaction . in an attempt to explain the radiation reaction in 1945 wheeler and feynman created a new theory , the absorber theory of radiation [ 3][4 ] . according to this theory , the radiation reaction in an accelerated charge comes from all other charges in the universe and travels with advanced waves , waves that propagate from the future to the past , to reach the charge exactly the moment when it starts accelera", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.1723763793706894, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We study the inertia of a charged object in an accelerated charge and show that it is an inductive effect of all other objects of the universe. We also discuss the implications of this theory for the theory of electromagnetic radiation.", "reference_summary": "in physics there are two masses , the gravitational and inertial , and an open question : what is the relation between these two masses ? the answer to that must pass through the explanation of inertia . in the experiments that have been made , it has been shown that the ratio of inertial mass to gravitational mass of an object is constant and equal for each material . this has led through the general theory of relativity in responses which led to dramatic predictions confirmed experimentally . "}
{"id": "paper_84", "title": "= 0", "text": "in recent years , the anti - de sitter / conformal field theories ( ads / cft ) correspondence , which can connect a strongly correlated system in a -dimensional flat spacetime with a ( )-dimensional asymptotic ads spacetime , has been used to provide some meaningful theoretical insights in order to understand the mechanism of the high temperature superconductors from the gravitational dual ; for reviews , see refs . and references therein . it was found that the so - called holographic superconductor model , which admits black holes with scalar hair at low temperatures ( superconducting phase ) but without scalar hair at high temperatures ( normal phase ) , turns out to be quite successful in giving the qualitative features of the s - wave superconductivity . introducing an yang - mills field into the bulk , where a gauge boson generated by one generator is dual to the vector order parameter , the authors of ref . presented a holographic realization of p - wave superconductivity . interestingly , ref . constructed a new holographic p - wave superconductor model by introducing a charged vector field into an einstein - maxwell theory with a negative cosmological constant , which is a generalization of the model with a general mass and gyromagnetic ratio . in refs . , the holographic d - wave superconductivity was realized by introducing a charged massive spin two field propagating in the bulk . the aforementioned works on the gravitational dual models of the superconductorlike transition focus on the vanishing spatial components of the gauge field on the ads boundary . since the supercurrent in superconducting materials is very important in condensed matter systems , it is worthwhile to construct the corresponding holographic superfluid models by turning on the spatial components of the gauge field according to the ads / cft correspondence . performing a deformation of the superconducting black hole , i.e. , turning on a spatial component of the gauge field that only", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.1683836430311203, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new holographic superfluid model for the gravitational dual of black holes with scalar hair at low temperatures ( superconducting phase ) but without scaar hair in high temperatures ( normal phase ). The hologram is constructed by introducing a charged vector field into an einstein - maxwell theory with a negative cosmological constant, which is a generalization of the model with a General mass and gyromagnetic ratio.", "reference_summary": "= 0.6 cm * abstract * we construct the holographic p - wave superfluid in gauss - bonnet gravity via a maxwell complex vector field model and investigate the effect of the curvature correction on the superfluid phase transition in the probe limit . we obtain the rich phase structure and find that the higher curvature correction hinders the condensate of the vector field but makes it easier for the appearance of translating point from the second - order transition to the first - order one or for "}
{"id": "paper_85", "title": "Recent experiments find the signal of giant nonlocal resistance in h - shaped graphene samples due...", "text": "nonlocal measurement refers to the detection of a voltage signal outside the path , along which charge current is expected to flow . one way to generate the nonlocal voltage is to modify the charge current path away from the classic ohmic mode . for instance , in the quantum hall regime , the current transports along edges while the bulk is insulating . another important way for the generation of the nonlocal voltage is to induce current with other degrees of freedom ( i.e. spin / valley ) , so that the current direction will deviate from the exciting field . since the nonlocal voltage always originates from nontrivial physics that is not easy to detect directly , the nonlocal measurement has now become a powerful tool to discover such kinds of electromagnetic phenomena in many novel materials . spin hall effect ( she ) is a phenomenon arising from the spin - orbit coupling in which charge current passing through a sample leads to spin transport in the transverse direction . since only the electron spin , rather than the electron charge , accumulates during the spin transport process , it is always difficult to observe the she with local measurements . fortunately , with the method of nonlocal measuring , a large nonlocal resistance was reported near the dirac point in h - shaped graphene sample , which confirms the existence of the she . moreover , the nonlocal measurement was also used to detect valley hall effect ( vhe ) , whose transport mechanism is similar to the she , and a giant nonlocal resistance can be observed as well . abanin et al . developed a theory to discuss the origin of the above - mentioned nonlocal resistance . in their paper , they demonstrated that the relationship between the nonlocal resistance and the local resistance can be described by a simple function of , where is the spin hall conductance . however , this equation remains difficult to explain some experimental results . specifically , besides the giant peak of , people also find anot", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.16455243527889252, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a theory for the nonlocal resistance of graphene in which the spin hall conductance is determined by the local resistance and the spin - orbit coupling. The non local resistance is derived from the equation of where is the spin Hall conductance, and the local resistivity is calculated by the function of, where is anot.", "reference_summary": "recent experiments find the signal of giant nonlocal resistance in h - shaped graphene samples due to the spin / valley hall effect . interestingly , when the fermi energy deviates from the dirac point , decreases to zero much more rapidly compared with the local resistance , and the well - known relation of is not satisfied . in this work , based on the non - equilibrium green s function method , we explain such transport phenomena in the h - shaped graphene with rashba spin - orbit coupling . "}
{"id": "paper_86", "title": "Photonic events with large missing energy have been observed in collisions at centre - of - mass...", "text": "we describe measurements and searches using a data sample of photonic events with large missing energy collected in 1997 with the opal detector at lep . the events result from collisions at centre - of - mass energies of 130.0 , 136.0 and 182.7 gev with integrated luminosities of 2.35 , 3.37 and 54.5 pb , respectively . the present paper complements our recent publication of results from earlier data samples consisting of a total of 25 pb at centre - of - mass energies of 130 , 136 , 161 and 172 gev . results on photonic events without missing energy at 183 gev are presented in a separate paper . recent measurements of photonic event production have also been made by the other lep collaborations at centre - of - mass energies above the w pair threshold , including new results at 183 gev . related searches in collisions have been reported in . the interest in the 1997 data is twofold . the main motivation is that the large data set at a higher centre - of - mass energy ( 183 gev ) gives discovery potential in a new kinematic regime . additionally , the lower energy data sets allow the experiment at 130 and 136 gev to be repeated leading to a check of our previous results which indicated an excess of events with acoplanar photons . the single - photon and acoplanar - photons search topologies presented here are designed to select events with one or more photons and significant missing transverse energy , indicating the presence of at least one neutrino - like invisible particle which interacts only weakly with matter . the event selections for these search topologies are similar to those used in our recent publication . the main changes are improvements in the rejection of backgrounds from cosmic ray interactions which allow for an increased kinematic acceptance of the single - photon topology . the single - photon search topology is sensitive to neutral events in which there are one or two photons and missing energy which , within the standard model , are expected fr", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17586280405521393, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We describe measurements and searches using a data sample of photonic events with large missing energy collected in 1997 with the opal detector at lep. The events result from collisions at centre - of - mass energies of 130.0, 136.0 and 182.7 gev with integrated luminosities of 2.35, 3.37 and 54.5 pb. Results on photonic \u00e9v\u00e9nements without missing energy at 183 gev are presented in a separate paper.", "reference_summary": "photonic events with large missing energy have been observed in collisions at centre - of - mass energies of 130 , 136 and 183 gev collected in 1997 using the opal detector at lep . results are presented for event topologies with a single photon and missing transverse energy or with an acoplanar photon pair . cross - section measurements are performed within the kinematic acceptance of each selection . these results are compared with the expectations from the standard model process + photon(s ) "}
{"id": "paper_87", "title": "We introduce and investigate a class of complex semi - infinite banded toeplitz matrices satisfying...", "text": "with a laurent series with complex coefficients , one can associate a semi - infinite toeplitz matrix whose elements are given by in the theory of toeplitz matrices , is referred to as the symbol of . according to what properties of are of interest , the class of symbols is usually further restricted . for the spectral analysis of , the special role is played by the wiener algebra which consists of symbols defined on the unit circle whose laurent series is absolutely convergent for . in this case , is a bounded operator on the banach space , for any , and its spectral properties are well - known , see . rather than actual spectrum of , this paper focuses on an asymptotic spectrum of , meaning the set of all limit points of eigenvalues of matrices , as , where denotes the principal submatrix of . an intimately related subject concerns the asymptotic eigenvalue distribution of toeplitz matrices for which the most complete results were obtained if the symbol of the matrix is a laurent polynomial . more precisely , one considers symbols of the form for which the toeplitz matrix is banded and is not lower or upper triangular . this subject has an impressive history going a century back to the famous work of szeg on the asymptotic behavior of the determinant of for . the most essential progress was achieved by schmidt and spitzer who proved that the eigenvalue - counting measures where are the eigenvalues of ( repeated according to their algebraic multiplicity ) and the dirac measure supported at , converge weakly to a _ limiting measure _ , as . recall that converges weakly to , as , if and only if for every bounded and continuous function on . the measure is supported on the _ limiting set _ the limit which appears above exists , see or ( * ? ? ? moreover , schmidt and spitzer derived another very useful description of which reads where are ( not necessarily distinct ) roots of the polynomial arranged in the order of increase of their absolute values , i.e. , ( if there", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.16511841118335724, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We study the asymptotic spectrum of, where are the eigenvalues of ( repeated according to their algebraic multiplicity ) and the dirac measure supported at. We find that the limiting set is supported on the limit which appears above exists.", "reference_summary": "we introduce and investigate a class of complex semi - infinite banded toeplitz matrices satisfying the condition that the spectra of their principal submatrices accumulate onto a real interval when the size of the submatrix grows to . we prove that a banded toeplitz matrix belongs to this class if and only if its symbol has real values on a jordan curve located in . surprisingly , it turns out that , if such a jordan curve is present , the spectra of all the submatrices have to be real . the la"}
{"id": "paper_88", "title": "We present _ xmm - newton _ observations of the _ chandra _ -detected nuclear x - ray source in ngc...", "text": "the past decade has seen extraordinary growth in our understanding of supermassive black holes ( smbhs ) , with secure detections , mass measurements and new demographic information ( see and references therein ) . knowledge of the mass function of smbhs directly affects our understanding of smbh formation and growth , nuclear activity , and the relation of smbhs to the formation and evolution of galaxies in hierarchical cold dark matter models ( e.g. , ) . the cumulative mass function needed to explain the energetics of high redshift quasars implies that all galaxies in the local universe should host a smbh ( e.g. , , ) . observationally , however , we do not know whether every galaxy hosts a smbh . traditional methods of finding smbhs , viz . stellar dynamics and gas dynamics are powerful only at the high - mass end of the smbh mass function : the bh sphere of influence can not be resolved for bh masses less than m beyond a distance of a couple of mpc , even with _ hst _ ( ) . one way , and perhaps the most efficient way to find smbhs in galaxies is to look for active smbhs . in fact , looking for agn activity is perhaps the only viable way to probe the low - mass end of the local smbh mass function . x - ray observations provide the best opportunity for this purpose because x - ray emission is an ubiquitous property of agns and x - rays can penetrate obscuring material that might hide an agn at other wavelengths . indeed , x - ray observations have detected agn activity in what were thought to be `` normal '' galaxies in clusters ( e.g. , ) and in the field ( e.g. , ) . in an effort to study the demographics of local smbhs , we had undertaken a _ chandra _ program to look for nuclear x - ray sources in nearby optically `` normal '' spiral galaxies ( within 20mpc ) . this program was highly successful ; we discovered agns in the nuclei of what were thought to be `` normal '' galaxies ( , , ; see also ; ) . the nuclear x - ray sources , however , could be stars , b", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.18657270073890686, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new method for finding supermassive black holes ( smbhs ) in clusters and clusters. The method is based on x - ray observations of galaxies with agn activity at the low - mass end of the local s - function. We find that the sst - ( ) - emission is a very effective way to detect a s.", "reference_summary": "we present _ xmm - newton _ observations of the _ chandra _ -detected nuclear x - ray source in ngc 4561 . the hard x - ray spectrum can be described by a model composed of an absorbed power - law with = 2.5 , and column density atoms . the absorption corrected luminosity of the source is l(0.2 - 10.0 kev ) ergs s , with bolometric luminosity over ergs s . based on the spectrum and the luminosity , we identify the nuclear x - ray source in ngc 4561 to be an agn , with a black hole of mass m m . "}
{"id": "paper_89", "title": "Exploiting a relationship between closed geodesics on a generic closed hyperbolic surface and a...", "text": "one motivation for this work came from two well - known conjectures : ( the hyperbolic ehrenpreis conjecture)(, ) let and let be two closed hyperbolic surfaces . then there exists finite - sheeted locally isometric covers of ( for ) such that there is a bi - lipschitz homeomorphism between and . attempting to understand these conjectures led to the study of immersions of three - holed spheres into -manifolds and cross products ; we would like to glue such immersions together to obtain an immersion of a closed surface or with tight control on its geometric structure . [ cnj : singlesurface ] given , for sufficiently large , does there exist a finite sheeted cover such that admits a pair of pants decomposition , every geodesic of which has length in ? another motivation for the present work comes from a desire to `` bridge the gap '' between two research areas : group growth and subgroup growth . the former concerns itself with the asymptotic number of elements in a given group of word length less than , the latter with the asymptotic number of subgroups with finite index less than . is there something in between ? among other things , here we study the asymptotic number of conjugacy classes of 2-generator subgroups of a surface group satisfying certain geometric conditions with the aim ( not yet realized ) of amalgamating these subgroups together to obtain finite index subgroups with geometric constraints . let be a fixed closed hyperbolic surface . regard as the quotient space where is a fixed lattice in the group of all orientation - preserving isometries of the hyperbolic plane . let be an arbitrary unit vector in the unit tangle bundle . consider the geodesic segment of length tangent to with based at its midpoint . if the tangent vectors at the endpoints are close then a short segment can be adjoined to it to obtain a closed path in . the closed geodesic in the homotopy class of this path is very close to the original segment . a calculation we will use often qu", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17144642770290375, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We study the asymptotic number of conjugacy classes of 2-generator subgroups of a closed hyperbolic surface with finite index less than. We consider the as -manifolds and cross products in the homotopy class of the closed geodesic segment of length tangent to with based at its midpoint. The tangential vectors at the endpoints are close to the original segment, which is very close to.", "reference_summary": "exploiting a relationship between closed geodesics on a generic closed hyperbolic surface and a certain unipotent flow on the product space , we obtain a local asymptotic equidistribution result for long closed geodesics on . applications include asymptotic estimates for the number of pants immersions into satisfying various geometric constraints . also we show that two closed geodesics of length close to chosen uniformly at random have a high probability of partially bounding an immersed -holed"}
{"id": "paper_90", "title": "Higher orders in perturbation theory require the calculation of feynman integrals at multiple loops", "text": "symbolic summation amounts to finding a closed - form expression for a given sum or series . systematic studies have been pioneered by euler , and for specific sums , exact formulae have been known for a long time . today , general classes of sums , for example harmonic sums , have been investigated ( see e.g. refs . ) and symbolic summation has further advanced through the development of algorithms suitable for computer algebra systems . here , the possibility to obtain exact solutions by means of recursive methods has lead to significant progress , for instance in the summation of rational or hypergeometric series , see e.g. ref . . in quantum field theory , higher - order corrections in perturbation theory require the evaluation of feynman diagrams , which describe real and virtual particles in a given scattering process . in mathematical terms , feynman diagrams are given as integrals over the loop momenta of the associated particle propagators . these integrals may depend on multiple scales and are usually divergent , thus requiring some regularization . the standard choice is dimensional regularization , i.e. an analytical continuation of the dimensions of space - time from 4 to , which keeps underlying gauge symmetries manifest . analytical expressions for feynman integrals in dimensions may lead to transcendental or generalized hypergeometric functions , which have a series representation through nested sums with symbolic arguments . the main computational task is then to obtain the laurent series upon expansion of the relevant functions in the small parameter . the basic recursive definition of nested sums is given by where generally all . the sum of all is called the weight of the sum , while the index denotes the depth . this definition actually includes as special cases the classical polylogarithms , nielsen functions , multiple and harmonic polylogarithms in their series representations . for all , the above definition reduces to harmonic sums and , if ", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.1697104126214981, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new method for the analysis of symbolic summation in quantum field theory. It is based on the recursive approach to the feynman diagrams, which are given as integrals over the loop momenta of the associated particle propagators. The method is characterized by an analytical continuation of the dimensions of space - time from 4 to, where the weight of the sum is called the weight and the index denotes the depth. We show that the nested sums can be obtained by using the dimensional regularization algorithm.", "reference_summary": "higher orders in perturbation theory require the calculation of feynman integrals at multiple loops . we report on an approach to systematically solve feynman integrals by means of symbolic summation and discuss the underlying algorithms . examples such as the non - planar vertex at two loops , or integrals from the recent calculation of the three - loop qcd corrections to structure functions in deep - inelastic scattering are given ."}
{"id": "paper_91", "title": "Extended numerical simulations of threshold models have been performed on a human brain network...", "text": "theoretical and experimental research provides many signals for the brain to operate in a critical state between sustained activity and an inactive phase . critical systems exhibit optimal computational properties , suggesting why the nervous system would benefit from such mode . for criticality , certain control parameters need to be tuned , leading to the obvious question why and how this is achieved . this question is well known in statistical physics , the theory of self - organized criticality ( soc ) of homogeneous systems has a long history since the pioneering work of . in case of competing fast and slow processes soc systems can self - tune themselves in the neighborhood of a phase transition point . many simple homogeneous models have been suggested to describe power - laws ( pl ) and various other critical phenomena , very often without identifying soc responsible processes . alternatively , it has recently been proposed that living systems might also self - tune to criticality as the consequence of evolution and adaptation . real systems , however , are highly inhomogeneous and one must consider if heterogeneity is weak enough to use homogeneous models to heterogeneity is also called disorder in statistical physics and can lead to such rare - region ( rr ) effects that smear the phase transitions . rr - s can have various effects depending on their relevancy . they can change a discontinuous transition to a continuous one , or can generate so - called griffiths phases ( gp ) , or can completely smear a singular phase transition . in case of gp - s critical - like power - law dynamics appears over an extended region around the critical point , causing slowly decaying auto - correlations and burstyness . this behavior was proposed to be the reason for the working memory in the brain . furthermore , in gp the susceptibility is infinite for an entire range of control parameters near the critical point , providing a high sensitivity to stimuli , beneficial fo", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.16923564672470093, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We study the effect of griffiths phases ( gp ) on the working memory in the brain. We show that the susceptibility is infinite for an entire range of control parameters near the critical point, providing a high sensitivity to stimuli and a good sensitivity for the working memories.", "reference_summary": "extended numerical simulations of threshold models have been performed on a human brain network with connected nodes available from the open connectome project . while in case of simple threshold models a sharp discontinuous phase transition without any critical dynamics arises , variable thresholds models exhibit extended power - law scaling regions . this is attributed to fact that griffiths effects , stemming from the topological / interaction heterogeneity of the network , can become relevan"}
{"id": "paper_92", "title": "We apply both analytical and ab - initio methods to explore heterostructures composed of a three -...", "text": "it is generally recognized that there is one - to - one correspondence between the presence of nontrivial topological invariants characterizing the bulk electron states of a crystal and the appearance of specific electron modes localized at the crystal boundary . this statement , which is known as the bulk - boundary correspondence theorem , reflects profound interrelation between the interior and exterior electron states of the truncated crystal . while the formulated assertion is based on general arguments of the topological concept for solids , in real materials and/or heterostructures , the effect of the peculiar bulk properties on the surface may be quite intricate . this problem has been widely discussed in the context of an existence of topological bound states on the surface of a three - dimensional topological insulator ( 3d ti ) or at the interface between 3d ti and topologically trivial material in various hybrid structures . angle - resolved photoemission spectra have given evidence for the dirac - like dispersion and the momentum - dependent spin texture of the 3d ti surface states in a family of bi- and sb - based narrow - gap semiconductors with strong spin - orbit coupling ( soc ) , which leads to the inverted band structure characterized by nontrivial topological invariants . although the topologically protected surface states are often considered as the most important and even decisive property of 3d tis , in practice , the specific manifestations of the boundary - related electron properties in semiconductor materials with an inverted energy gap go far beyond the bulk - boundary correspondence paradigm . in other words , being formally correct , the topological arguments tell us too little about characteristics of the topologically protected surface / interface states ( e.g. , the details of the dispersion , actual length scale , spin texture ) or what other in - gap electron states might form at the real boundary of a 3d ti material . while a rap", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.16979865729808807, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new method for the analysis of the bulk - boundary correspondence of three - dimensional topological insulators ( 3d ti ) with an inverted energy gap. The method is based on the spherical - wave equations and the eigenvalues of the truncated crystal, which are derived from the spectral data. We show that the spectra of the surface states of the 3dti material are consistent with the generalization of the topological theory of solids.", "reference_summary": "we apply both analytical and ab - initio methods to explore heterostructures composed of a three - dimensional topological insulator ( 3d ti ) and an ultrathin normal insulator ( ni ) overlayer as a proof ground for the principles of the topological phase engineering . using the continual model of a semi - infinite 3d ti we study the surface potential ( sp ) effect caused by an attached ultrathin layer of 3d ni on the formation of topological bound states at the interface . the results reveal th"}
{"id": "paper_93", "title": "We apply perturbative renormalization group theory to the symmetric phase of a dilute interacting...", "text": "dilute , repulsively interacting bose gases in a three - dimensional harmonic trap have been at the focus of attention of the theoretical physics community since the experimental realization of bose - einstein condensation ( bec ) in 1995 . a vast amount of literature has been published recently on this topic based on the mean - field approach . it is however known that mean - field theory is not appropriate near the critical temperature because the fluctuations dominate the mean field in this region . this follows from applying the so - called ginzburg criterion and has triggered several attempts to go beyond mean - field theory near the critical region by means of various renormalization group ( rg ) techniques in the homogeneous interacting bose gas . this recent work was added to a significant amount of existing literature on the application of rg methods to interacting bose gases , that was written when such systems were only an interesting theoretical problem . all these studies so far concern the homogeneous case ; the real challenge however is to apply renormalization techniques to the experimentally relevant system , the trapped bose gas . this challenge is met here for the first time , at least when we approach the transition region from above the critical temperature ( symmetric phase ) . in this case the theoretical treatment is simpler than in the symmetry - broken phase and allows us to see how to apply renormalization techniques . in particular , we shall use a method similar to what in the homogeneous case is known as momentum - shell renormalization . in the trapped case it is energy shells instead of momentum shells that we will be integrating out . of course , since we are dealing here with a finite system , there is , strictly speaking , no phase transition . however , as we approach the thermodynamic limit , a quasi - phase transition develops , and renormalization methods are expected to enable us to study non - universal properties such as the", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17310753464698792, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new method for the renormalization of bose gases in a three - dimensional harmonic trap. This technique is similar to momentum - shell re normalization, which is used to study non - universal properties such as the energy shells and the phase transition. We show that the resulting re Normalization method can be applied to any interacting bosenic gas at the critical temperature.", "reference_summary": "we apply perturbative renormalization group theory to the symmetric phase of a dilute interacting bose gas which is trapped in a three - dimensional harmonic potential . using wilsonian energy - shell renormalization and the -expansion , we derive the flow equations for the system . we relate these equations to the flow for the homogeneous bose gas . in the thermodynamic limit , we apply our results to study the transition temperature as a function of the scattering length . our results compare "}
{"id": "paper_94", "title": "This paper presents distributed adaptive algorithms based on the conjugate gradient ( cg ) method...", "text": "in recent years , distributed processing has become popular in wireless communication networks . this kind of processing can collect data at each node in a given area and convey the information to the whole network in a distributed way . for instance , each node can get the information from its neighbors , and then combine it with the use of distributed adaptive algorithms ; each node has the ability to estimate the nearby environment itself . when compared with the centralized solution , the distributed solution has significant advantages . the centralized solution needs a central processor , where each node sends its information to the central processor and gets the information back after the processor completes the task . this type of communication needs the central processor to be powerful and reliable . with distributed solutions , each node only requires the local information and its neighbors to process the information . this kind of processing can significantly reduce the amount of processing and the communications bandwidth requirements . there are three main cooperation modes : the incremental , the diffusion , and the probabilistic diffusion modes . for the incremental mode , we can interpret it as a cycle in which the information goes through the nodes in one direction , which means each node passes the information to its adjacent node in a pre - determined direction . because of its simple method , the need for communication and power is the least . for the diffusion mode , each node transfers information to its whole neighbors . this kind of processing costs a huge amount of communication resources , but each node will get more information . to avoid the high communication cost , another kind of diffusion termed probabilistic diffusion is used . instead of transferring information to all its neighbors , each node transfers data to a selected group of its neighbors , which can be chosen randomly . several algorithms have already been developed and repor", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.16560612618923187, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a distributed adaptive algorithm for the transmission of information in wireless networks. It is based on a stochastic distribution of the local information and its neighbors, which can be used to estimate the nearby environment itself. The algorithm is a combination of the sequential diffusion and probabilistic diffusion modes.", "reference_summary": "this paper presents distributed adaptive algorithms based on the conjugate gradient ( cg ) method for distributed networks . both incremental and diffusion adaptive solutions are all considered . the distributed conventional ( cg ) and modified cg ( mcg ) algorithms have an improved performance in terms of mean square error as compared with least - mean square ( lms)-based algorithms and a performance that is close to recursive least - squares ( rls ) algorithms . the resulting algorithms are di"}
{"id": "paper_95", "title": "We present the results from a survey , designed to investigate the accretion process of massive...", "text": "the scenario of formation of low mass stars ( m 8 m ) , through disk accretion controlled by magnetic field is already well understood . for high masses ( m 8 m ) , however , there are theoretical problems for applying the same scenario . from the observational point of view , there are too few bona fide candidates to test the models . this is due to the fact that massive young stellar objects ( mysos ) are short lived and occur inside large molecular clouds , subject to huge reddening . the relevant phases of massive stars formation are not seen directly at wavelengths shorter than the mid - infrared ( mir ) and also to wavelengths longer than radio - mm . shocked molecular outflows are `` smoking guns '' of the accretion process and can be traced outside the central heavily obscured zone . the aim of this work is to use the h =1 - 0 s(1 ) emission to constrain the possible models . even after decades of progress both theoretical and observational fronts , formation of massive stars remains an open question . the short timescale for myso formation indicates that high rates of mass accretion are required . two scenarios currently dominate the discussions , in the first , high mass stars are formed by accretion through a disk ; in the second , high mass stars are formed via coalescence of low mass stars . in the last decade , a number of observations have been presented favoring the first scenario , among them and . low and intermediate mass stars are formed by the gravitational collapse of the parental giant molecular cloud ( gmc ) , followed by the accretion process . during the accretion phase , material is ejected as well via collimated bipolar jets . however , when a yso reaches 8 m , the radiative flux becomes so intense ( using , the ratio between the radiative fluxes of an o5 and a b3 star masses of and m , respectively is ) that it may interrupt the accretion flow . a process that constrains the outcoming radiation field to narrower angles may leave some roo", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.1798127293586731, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new method for constraining the possible models of formation of massive young stellar objects ( mysos ) by using the h =1 - 0 emission. The model is based on the accretion process through a disk and the outflow from the parent giant molecular cloud. We use the s(1 ) emission to constrain the models, which are based upon the m = 1 - 0.", "reference_summary": "we present the results from a survey , designed to investigate the accretion process of massive young stellar objects ( mysos ) through near infrared narrow band imaging using the h =1 - 0 s(1 ) transition filter . a sample of 353 massive young stellar object ( myso ) candidates was selected from the red msx source survey using photometric criteria at longer wavelengths ( infrared and submillimeter ) and chosen with positions throughout the galactic plane . our survey was carried out at the soar"}
{"id": "paper_96", "title": "The usual kondo - lattice , including an antiferromagnetic exchange interaction between nearest -...", "text": "the denomination _ kondo lattice_ applies to systems which are characterized by a lattice of localized magnetic moments coexisting with a conduction band . examples are found among cerium compounds , such as ceal , cecu , cecusi , etc., as well as some uranium or other rare - earth compounds. at high temperatures , the localized moments behave essentially as independent impurities , similarly to what happens in dilute alloys . at low temperatures , a coherent _ heavy - fermion _ behavior is observed where the system resembles a fermi - liquid with enhanced values of parameters such as the specific - heat constant and the magnetic susceptibility . this is a scenario found in the cerium compounds mentioned above . however , deviations from this behavior are observed : some systems can show a magnetically ordered ground state , as happens , for example , in ceal , ceb , and cepdal , or become superconducting at low temperatures , as is the case of cecusi, cecuge at high pressures, and some uranium compounds like upt, ube, and urusi, among others . besides that , neutron - scattering experiments point to the presence of strong short - range magnetic correlations in cecu , ceincu , and cerusi , for which a fermi - liquid ground state is stable , but that are probably close to the conditions for a magnetic instability . this coexistence of magnetic correlations and kondo effect was recently discussed by iglesias , lacroix , and coqblin within a mean - field approach that has points in common with a slave - boson treatment by coleman and andrei. their analysis was restricted to the case of a half - filled conduction band , which is of relevance for kondo insulators. the role played by the conduction - band filling is obviously very important for metallic compounds that show heavy - fermion behavior , and to the discussion of _ underscreened _ systems. in this paper we study the effect of band filling in the stability of the kondo state and short - range magnetic correlatio", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.1824987679719925, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We study the effect of band filling on a magnetically ordered ground state in cerium compounds. We find that the system is strongly dependent on the conduction - band fillING, and that it can be observed at low temperatures. The results are consistent with previous studies of the kondo lattice.", "reference_summary": "the usual kondo - lattice , including an antiferromagnetic exchange interaction between nearest - neighboring localized spins , is treated here in a mean - field scheme that introduces two mean - field parameters : one associated with the local kondo effect , and the other related to the magnetic correlations between localized spins . phases with short - range magnetic correlations or coexistence between those and the kondo effect are obtained . by varying the number of electrons in the conducti"}
{"id": "paper_97", "title": "All the observations performed with the ibis telescope aboard the integral observatory during the...", "text": "many x - ray bursts detected by orbital observatories are associated with thermonuclear explosions on weakly magnetized accreting neutron stars ( type - i bursts ) . they provide us with direct information on processes near the surface of neutron stars under conditions of strong gravity , extreme pressure and high temperatures . the detection of type - i bursts , along with the detection of coherent pulsations , serves the most important criterion for identifying the nature of the compact object in x - ray binaries . type - i bursts are generally observed from weak x - ray sources ( or transients in their quiescent state ) . during the burst the luminosity of such a source ( a burster ) can increase by two or three orders of magnitude relative to its persistent level , reaching a critical eddington value . the typical burst at the galactic center distance ( kpc ) provides a peak flux of about 23 crab and can be easily detected . this opens up a possibility for using the bursts in searching for previously unknown bursters with persistent x - ray fluxes below the level of reliable detection by currently available wide - field instruments . the integral observatory is best suited for performing such a search . it is equipped with unique wide - field telescopes that allow sky fields with an area of 1000 square degrees to be simultaneously studied with a flux sensitivity up to 1 mcrab ( over several hours of observations ) and an angular resolution reaching several arcminutes . in addition , integral devotes up to 85% of the whole time to observations of the galactic center region and the galactic plane , where the bulk of the galactic stellar mass is concentrated . in this paper , to find x - ray bursts , we analyze time records of the total 15 - 25 kev count rate of the ibis / isgri detector aboard integral obtained from february 10 , 2003 , through august 31 , 2005 . the main objective of this study was an attempt to discover new bursters or fast x - ray transients . ", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17581656575202942, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present the results of a survey of the total 15 - 25 kev count rate of the integral observatory from february 10, 2003 to august 31, 2005. The data are obtained from the ibis / isgri detector aboard integral. We find that the time records of the x - ray burst count rate for the entire period of the survey are consistent with the observed x.", "reference_summary": "all the observations performed with the ibis telescope aboard the integral observatory during the first 2.5 years of its in - orbit operation have been analyzed to find x - ray bursts . there were 1788 statistically confident events with a duration from 5 to 500 s revealed in time records of the 1525 kev count rate of the ibis / isgri detector , 319 of them were localized and , with one exception , identified with persistent x - ray sources . the known bursters were responsible for 215 of the lo"}
{"id": "paper_98", "title": "We present submillimeter observations of the local group , metal - poor , irregular dwarf galaxy ic...", "text": "ic 10 , an irregular , low metallicity dwarf galaxy ( ibm or `` magellanic cloud '' type ) , is one of the most active star - forming galaxies in the local group . its galaxy - wide massive star surface density is comparable to that of the starburst regions of m 33 ( massey , armandroff , & conti 1992 ) . because ic 10 is a nearby system that in many ways resembles primeval galaxies ( morphologically irregular , metal - poor , and very actively forming stars ) we have targeted it for a study of the interstellar medium ( ism ) at submillimeter wavelengths that has direct relevance to star formation at high redshifts . this galaxy , at a distance of 0.82 mpc ( wilson et al . 1996 ) , is comparable in mass and size to the small magellanic cloud . its metallicity ( , lequeux et al . 1979 ) falls between that of the large and the small magellanic clouds . ic 10 is an ideal laboratory to study the interaction between a metal - poor ism and strong radiation fields . metallicity greatly influences the composition and structure of the ism , especially when intense uv fields are present . photodissociation regions ( pdrs ) are those portions of the interstellar medium where uv radiation dominates the physical and chemical processes . because low metallicity pdrs have fewer heavy elements their gas phase chemistry is altered , changing the equilibrium abundances of the molecular species ( e.g. , van dishoeck & black 1988 ; lequeux et al . 1994 ) . the deficiency of heavy elements also lowers the dust - to - gas ratio . this in turn allows the uv radiation to penetrate more deeply into the molecular material , thereby causing widespread photodissociation and photoionization . the interaction between the starburst and the ism in a low metallicity system is thus maximized , as the uv photons permeate the ism relatively unimpeded . molecular hydrogen is largely unaffected by this enhanced uv radiation because of the strong h self - shielding and the mutual shielding between coinci", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.1805984079837799, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new study of the interstellar medium ( ism ) in ic 10, an irregular low metallicity dwarf galaxy. It is a low metallicit\u00e4t system that has been observed for several years. The ism is composed of two regions: the ionized region and the nebula region. Both regions are located at a distance of 0.82 mpc. We find that the is dominated by uv radiation, which is correlated with the stellar mass. This results in a large number of photodis.", "reference_summary": "we present submillimeter observations of the local group , metal - poor , irregular dwarf galaxy ic 10 , directly relevant to the interaction between interstellar medium and star formation activity in primeval galaxies . using the jcmt , we have observed the fine structure neutral carbon transition pp at 492 ghz and the rotational transition of co and co in the most massive giant molecular cloud complex in this galaxy , ic 10-se . we find that , although the }/i_{co}$ ] ratio for this object is "}
{"id": "paper_99", "title": "The oklo data constrain the depth of the nuclear potential well to a small margin of error ,...", "text": "beginning with shlyakhter [ 1 ] in 1976 , oklo natural reactor data have been used by many authors [ 2 - 6 ] to put limits on the time variation of `` constants '' such as the fine structure constant and the strong coupling constant . as noted by damour and dyson [ 2 ] , such constraints generally refer to the value of the `` constants '' at the time of the reactor shut down , since most prior evidence is diminished by the reaction process . also , it can not be ruled out that two or more factors may change concurrently , and one may cancel the effect of the other on whatever we are able to calculate for comparison with experiment . in this work , we will use the constraints provided by the samarium-149 cross section to provide a self - consistent limit on the value of the uranium-238 decay constant at the time of reactor shutdown . this implies a limit on possible differences between the strong coupling constant at the time of reactor shutdown and today . pierronne and marquez [ 7,8 ] developed the complex eigenvalue method for calculating alpha - decay half - lives by matching the wavefunction of the alpha particle , and its derivative , across a boundary between a square well representing the nuclear interior and a coulomb potential representing the exterior of the nucleus outside the range of nuclear forces . chaffin , banks , gothard , and tuttle [ 9,10 ] have further developed this method into _ mathematica _ notebooks permitting easy calculation of relevant variations . experimental data on alpha particle scattering [ 11 - 14 ] have long been known to validate a cluster model in which an alpha particle moves in the average field provided by the rest of the nucleus . four - nucleon transfer reactions were observed on target nuclei that are the _ daughters _ of an alpha emitter . the comparison of reaction rates with the corresponding alpha - decay rates indicates the tendency for the four transferred particles to form a true alpha particle . the data give evid", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.18145610392093658, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new method for calculating the decay constant at the time of reactor shutdown. This method is based on the samarium-149 cross section and is derived from the eigenvalue method for the uranium-238 decay constant. The results are presented in terms of the corresponding alpha particle scattering rate, which is a function of the number of nucleons transferred to the target nuclei.", "reference_summary": "the oklo data constrain the depth of the nuclear potential well to a small margin of error , determined by various unknowns , such as the reactor temperature . however , we show that even these small variations could allow the u-238 half - life to vary by more than one order of magnitude . physics department , bob jones university , greenville , sc 29614 keywords : radioactivity , oklo , cluster models , tunneling"}
{"id": "paper_100", "title": "We describe the braiding statistics of topological twist defects in abelian bosonic bilayer...", "text": "quasiparticles of the -fqh state live on the quotient lattice , where the -matrix is given in . when , the theory has the same anyon content as the kitaev toric code and the quotient lattice decomposes into as all quasiparticles can be uniquely be written as where and . when is odd , 2 is invertible in by and the transformation gives an isomorphism of the quotient lattice with inverse as mod . thus where each quasiparticle has a unique decomposition where and are the charge and bilayer / spin vectors . the fqh quasiparticle -symbols are chosen to be multilinear homomorphisms . ( i ) for toric code when . ( ii ) for -fqh states with odd . under this convention , -symbols can be chosen to be trivial one and the quasiparticle strings satisfy the crossing , bootstrap and bending rules . {rxy1.pdf}}}=}}r^{{ a}{ b}}=}}r^{{ a}{ b}}r^{{ b}{ a}},}}=}},}}=}}=}}\\ ] ] the double loop operator carries an anyon twice around a twist defect as shown in fig . we have the relations ( i ) , ( ii ) and ( iii ) , where is the eigenvalue for the bare defect ( ) . $ ] satisfies ( i iii ) , where the constant is fixed by requiring that , so that is well - defined on the anyon lattice . the result is eq .. basis transformation between different fusion trees with defect channels can be generated by a consistent set of fundamental -moves . in table [ tab : fsymbols ] , we list all the -symbols for toric code and -fqh states . these -symbols are calculated by gluing the splitting states defined in figure [ fig : splittingstates ] by joining quasiparticle strings . here we illustrate the calculation of the symbol that relates in -fqh states for odd . -matrix _{ a}^{ b}$ ] . the sum over wilson loops ( blue ) is restricted to an arbitrary set of quasiparticles with distinct spin components as ( see figure [ fig : doubleloop ] ) . the operator flips the branch cut configuration from joining to connecting .,width=624 ] the splitting state for is represented by the first diagram and that for is at ", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.1740945279598236, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We study the -symbols for toric code and -fqh states with odd. We find that the eigenvalue for the bare defect is fixed by requiring that, so that is well - defined on the anyon lattice.", "reference_summary": "we describe the braiding statistics of topological twist defects in abelian bosonic bilayer fractional quantum hall ( fqh ) states , which reduce to the toric code when . twist defects carry non - abelian fractional majorana - like characteristics . we propose local statistical measurements that distinguish the fractional charge , or species , of a defect - quasiparticle composite . degenerate ground states and basis transformations of a multi - defect system are characterized by a consistent se"}
{"id": "paper_101", "title": "The bethe - salpeter equation in unitarized chiral perturbation theory is usually solved with the...", "text": "in the past two decades , a lot of progress has been made in applying nonperturbative approaches based on principles of effective field theories to understand low - energy strong interaction phenomena . one prominent example is the combination of chiral lagrangians with unitarization techniques , i.e. , the so - called unitarized chiral perturbation theory ( uchpt ) . compared to other phenomenological methods , uchpt has a more transparent link to the theory underlying the strong interactions , quantum chromodynamics ( qcd ) , and , as a result , is in principle improvable in a systematic manner . over the years , it has provided new insights into the nature of various hadrons , from the well - established hadrons , such as the or the , to those of the newly observed particles , such as the or the . at the heart of uchpt are the interaction kernels provided by chiral lagrangians , which are constrained by qcd and its approximate symmetries , such as chiral symmetry and heavy quark spin / flavor symmetry and their breaking pattern . exact two - body ( -channel ) unitarity can be implemented in different ways and a widely adopted approach is the bethe - salpeter ( bs ) approach . it is well known that the bs approach provides exact unitarity but loses crossing symmetry , compared to conventional chiral perturbation theory . to simplify the solution of the bethe - salpeter equation , the so - called on - shell approximation is often adopted . it assumes that the interaction kernel can be put on the mass shell with the argument that the off - shell terms can be absorbed by the available coupling constants and physical hadron masses . a vast amount of applications has shown that such an approximation works very well . nevertheless , from a formal point of view , one may prefer to take into account the full off - shell effects to have an order - to - order correspondence with the underlying results of chiral perturbation theory . such off - shell effects have been studie", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17305409908294678, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new approach to the bethe - salpeter equation for the interaction kernel of chiral lagrangians. It is shown that the off - shell terms can be absorbed by the available coupling constants and physical hadron masses. This approach is based on the theory of quantum chromodynamics ( qcd ), which is a well - known method for understanding low - energy strong interactions.", "reference_summary": "the bethe - salpeter equation in unitarized chiral perturbation theory is usually solved with the so - called on - shell approximation . the underlying argument is that the off - shell effects can be absorbed by the corresponding coupling constants and physical masses , which has been corroborated by the success of unitarized chiral perturbation theory in describing a variety of physical phenomena . such an approximation needs to be scrutinized when applied to study the light - quark mass evolut"}
{"id": "paper_102", "title": "We investigate the impact finite simulation box size has on the structural and kinematic properties...", "text": "over the last twenty years , the cosmological n - body simulation has come to be firmly established as the preeminent tool for theoretical studies of the formation and evolution of structure in the universe ( see for a relatively recent review ) . whereas early studies explored the gross features of different cosmological models and led to the emergence of the cold dark matter ( cdm ) paradigm , the most recent generation of simulations are being used to provide detailed predictions of the cdm model and in particular its cdm variant . these include the behaviour of cdm halo mass profiles on scales that can be directly compared with observations ( e.g. * ? ? ? * ; * ? ? ? * ; * ? ? ? * ) and sophisticated semi - analytical models of galaxy formation built upon merger trees harvested from high resolution simulations ( c.f . the millennium simulation described in * ? ? ? the n - body approach is not without its limitations , however , and given its significance , it is of fundamental importance to understand what these limitations are and how they affect the interpretation of the results of simulations . such considerations generally lead to `` convergence '' studies that seek to quantify the degree to which the results of a simulation are affected by choices made in its setting up and running . for example , both and demonstrated that their results on the form of cdm halo mass profiles were not compromised by force resolution ( or `` softening '' ) as well as starting redshift and particle number . the recent study of established a set of convergence criteria ( reaffirmed by * ? ? ? * ) that determine the radial range over which the circular velocity profile of a simulated cdm halo is reliable to better than accuracy , for a number of simulation parameters including softening , time integration accuracy , and particle number ( see also * ? ? ? * ; * ? ? ? more generally , investigated how properties such as the correlation function , mass function and central densitie", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17756608128547668, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a set of convergence criteria for the radial range over which the circular velocity profile of a simulated cold dark matter ( cdm ) halo is reliable to better than accuracy, for a number of simulation parameters including softening, time integration accuracy and particle number. These criteria are based on the n - body approach, and are derived from the results of two recent studies. The first study found that the ccd halon mass profiles were not compromised by force resolution ( or a softenING ) as well.", "reference_summary": "we investigate the impact finite simulation box size has on the structural and kinematic properties of cold dark matter haloes forming in cosmological simulations . our approach involves generating a single realisation of the initial power spectrum of density perturbations and studying how truncation of this power spectrum on scales larger than affects the structure of dark matter haloes at . in particular , we have examined the cases of with ( i.e. no truncation) and . in common with previous s"}
{"id": "paper_103", "title": "We consider the statistics of the number of nodal domains aka nodal counts for eigenfunctions of...", "text": "we consider real square - integrable eigenfunctions of the stationary schrdinger equation for a massive point particle on an -dimensional smooth connected riemannian manifold with local coordinates . here , is the laplace - beltrami operator on , is a potential , and is an energy eigenvalue . we have set the value of the physical constant of planck s constant squared over twice the mass of the particle equal to one by appropriate choice of units . + we will allow that has a boundary and will impose boundary conditions on such that the schrdinger operator defined in ( [ schrod ] ) is self - adjoint ( e.g. dirichlet or neumann boundary conditions ) . + we consider only non - negative potentials for which the _ classically allowed region _ is compact and connected . this ensures a discrete and non - negative energy spectrum . if ( free motion ) the condition implies that the manifold is compact . we arrange the spectrum in ascending order as and denote by the eigenfunction corresponding to . for a given eigenfunction the nodal set consists of all points on the manifold where the eigenfunction vanishes . a nodal domain of is a maximally connected region where the sign of does not change . the characterisation of eigenfunctions in terms of their nodal set has a history which is more than 200 years old with the first systematic treatment by chladni who visualised the vibration modes of plates with sand that accumulates at the nodal set . among other things he also counted the number of different nodal domains for each vibration mode and used these number to characterise the modes for a given shape . the number of nodal domains of eigenfunctions or _ nodal counts _ will also be the subject of the present contribution . for the wave function we denote the nodal count by . the collection of all nodal counts forms the _ nodal sequence _ ( for systems with degenerate eigenvalues this definition of the nodal sequence is incomplete ) . + in one dimension sturm s oscillation theo", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.1629030555486679, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We consider real square - integrable eigenfunctions of the stationary schrdinger equation for a massive point particle on an -dimensional smooth connected riemannian manifold with local coordinates. We consider only non - negative potentials for which the classically allowed region is compact and connected. This ensures a discrete and non -negative energy spectrum. For, we denote the nodal count by.", "reference_summary": "we consider the statistics of the number of nodal domains aka nodal counts for eigenfunctions of separable wave equations in arbitrary dimension . we give an explicit expression for the limiting distribution of normalised nodal counts and analyse some of its universal properties . our results are illustrated by detailed discussion of simple examples and numerical nodal count distributions ."}
{"id": "paper_104", "title": "We present the results on period search and modeling of the cool dav star kuv 02464 + 3239", "text": "since arlo landolt s ( 1968 ) discovery of the first dav we have learned much about pulsating white dwarfs . they are otherwise normal white dwarf stars , and they represent the final stage of about 98% of the stars ( see the recent review of and references therein ) , so it is a key issue to gain insight into their interiors . while white dwarfs are relatively simple to model , some observed phenomena still challenge theory . one unsolved mystery is the variability of the pulsational modes amplitudes and frequencies of pnnv , cool dbv and cool dav stars . while we can find very stable modes in certain white dwarfs which can be used to measure evolutionary effects ( cooling and/or contraction , e.g. hot davs g117-b15a and r548 ` the most stable optical clocks known ' : mukadam , kepler & winget 2001 and references therein ) , in some cases short - term variabilities make it difficult to determine even the pulsational modes . an example for this latter is the case of pg 1115 + 158 ( dbv ) with its remarkably unstable amplitude spectra . in some cases we encounter strange , sudden , short - term variations in the pulsational behaviours of stars : for example the ` sforzando ' effect observed in the dbv star gd 358 in 1996 , where the nonlinear light curve of the star changed into a high amplitude , remarkably sinusoidal one for a short period of time ( , ) . in the case of pg 1456 + 103 its luminosity variations almost disappeared just before the whole earth telescope ( wet , ) run started on the star . the frequency and amplitude variations of multiplet components ( mostly for high modes ) observed in gd 358 are further examples for short - term variations . possible explanations for these observed phenomena could be non - linear mode coupling , convection / pulsation interactions , mode excitation , and beating of different pulsation modes such as unresolved rotational splitting . to find the right explanation(s ) for a certain case is a great challenge . a crucial ", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.1847965121269226, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new study of the pulsational modes in a white dwarf star, pg 1115 + 158 ( dbv ). We find that the amplitude and frequency variations of multiplet components are not consistent with the observed fluctuations. The spectral properties of these components are also investigated.", "reference_summary": "we present the results on period search and modeling of the cool dav star kuv 02464 + 3239 . our observations resolved the multiperiodic pulsational behaviour of the star . in agreement with its position near the red edge of the dav instability strip , it shows large amplitude , long period pulsation modes , and has a strongly non - sinusoidal light curve . we determined 6 frequencies as normal modes and revealed remarkable short - term amplitude variations . a rigorous test was performed for th"}
{"id": "paper_105", "title": "We present the prototype telescope for the next generation transit survey , which was built in the...", "text": "the next generation transit survey ( ngts ) is a new wide - field photometric survey for transiting exoplanets recently commissioned at eso paranal , chile . the motivation behind ngts is to understand planetary formation and evolution , as well as determining atmospheric and bulk compositions of neptune and super - earth sized exoplanets . this can only be achieved by characterising , both photometrically and spectroscopically , a large sample of such objects . the _ kepler _ survey has shown there to be an abundance of neptune sized objects in their field . however , while the results from _ kepler _ are important in terms of statistics , the mean brightness of host stars of small planets observed by _ kepler _ is too faint for efficient spectroscopic follow up from the ground . the ngts project ( wheatley et al . , in prep , , ) was designed to detect this population of neptune - sized transiting exoplanets around bright ( v ) k and early m - type stars accessible to the eso telescopes . showed that systematic ( red ) noise is non - negligible when searching for transiting exoplanets and hence limits the detection efficiency of most ground - based surveys . initial predictions of transiting planet detection rates considered uncorrelated ( white ) noise only , overlooking the effects of red noise . pont et al . suggest that this may explain the inconsistency between transiting exoplanet detection rates compared to initial predictions . investigated the effects of systematic noise on the detection efficiency of superwasp and concluded that the survey suffered significantly from a systematic noise component in the data . the noise in superwasp was determined to be a combination of both red and white ( pink ) noise . the level of systematic noise was reduced using the sysrem detrending algorithm , but was not removed completely . as a result superwasp was forced to acquire more transits of each planet to increase the signal - to - noise ratio of their detections . in", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.1772490292787552, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The next generation transit survey ( ngts ) is a new wide - field photometric survey for transiting exoplanets recently commissioned at eso paranal, chile. The aim of this project is to understand planetary formation and evolution, as well as determining atmospheric and bulk compositions of neptune and super - earth sized exoplanetarys. However, the results from _ kepler _ survey are important in terms of statistics, and hence limit the detection efficiency of most ground -.", "reference_summary": "we present the prototype telescope for the next generation transit survey , which was built in the uk in 2008/09 and tested on la palma in the canary islands in 2010 . the goals for the prototype system were severalfold : to determine the level of systematic noise in an ngts - like system ; demonstrate that we can perform photometry at the ( sub ) millimagnitude level on transit timescales across a wide field ; show that it is possible to detect transiting super - earth and neptune - sized exopl"}
{"id": "paper_106", "title": "We report new experimental studies to understand the physics of phonon sensors which utilize...", "text": "quasiparticle transport dynamics have been studied in the lab by many groups using different materials , fabrication processes , and readout schemes . quasiparticle transport in al films plays an important role in the design specifications of cryogenic dark matter search ( cdms ) detectors . these detectors utilize photolithographically patterned films of sputtered al and w on both sides of high - purity , kg - scale , ge and si crystals . the superconducting al and w films perform two roles simultaneously : they absorb phonon energy and they serve as ionization collection electrodes . when a particle interacts with a cdms detector , electron - hole pairs and phonons are created . under typical operating conditions , a v / cm bias is used to drift the e-/h+ pairs through the bulk of the crystal so charge can be collected at the detector surfaces . at the same time , the athermal phonons produced by the event make their way to the detector surfaces where they can be absorbed in the al film by breaking cooper pairs which create quasiparticles . ideally , the quasiparticles diffuse randomly in the al until they get trapped in the overlap region between the al and w films , where the superconducting energy gap is smaller than in the al film alone . this trapped energy gets absorbed by an attached w - tes , adding heat and providing the detector s phonon signal for that event . we call these phonon sensors quasiparticle - trap - assisted - electrothermal - feedback transition - edge - sensors ( qets ) . the quasiparticle ( qp ) trapping length in cdms al films impacts overall detector energy performance . here we present results from a detailed study of energy collection and qp propagation in al films coupled to w - tess and describe an innovative model that explains qet pulse shapes and overall performance , and provides a way to measure qp trapping lengths in thin films and the energy transport efficiency from the qp energy to the tes electron system . our measurements", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17444303631782532, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present results from a detailed study of energy collection and qp propagation in al films coupled to w - tess. The model is based on an efficient qet pulse shape that describes the energy transport efficiency from the qP energy to the tes electron system. We describe a new model that explains the asymmetric qpetractors and their effects on the energy transfer between the w and tes electrodes, and provides a way to measure the energy distribution of the ph - phase transitions in thin films.", "reference_summary": "we report new experimental studies to understand the physics of phonon sensors which utilize quasiparticle diffusion in thin aluminum films into tungsten transition - edge - sensors ( tess ) operated at 35 mk . we show that basic tes physics and a simple physical model of the overlap region between the w and al films in our devices enables us to accurately reproduce the experimentally observed pulse shapes from x - rays absorbed in the al films . we further estimate quasiparticle loss in al film"}
{"id": "paper_107", "title": "We report heating rate measurements in a microfabricated gold - on - sapphire surface electrode ion...", "text": "trapped ions provide a promising candidate to pursue quantum information processing . successful implementations of basic quantum protocols as well as the creation of entangled states support this view . a promising route to scalability of ion - trap based quantum information processing was proposed in which segmented trap electrodes allow splitting , shuttling , and recombination of ion crystals . to overcome the difficulties of assembling three - dimensional trap structures and simplify fabrication , several groups are developing planar ( surface ) ion traps where all electrodes lie within one plane and can be constructed using standard microfabrication methods . in particular , recently the nist group successfully transported ions through junctions in such planar traps . despite the recent progress , there are still a number of unresolved difficulties with planar traps . in the effort to develop this technology , one strives for miniaturization in order to easily achieve the high trap frequencies required for fast splitting of ion crystals , and to increase coupling rates in approaches where trapped ions are coupled to or via solid state elements . thus , planar traps with ion - surface separations of less than 100 m are pursued . however , the observed ion heating rates are more than 3 orders of magnitude higher than those expected from johnson noise considerations , imposing a major obstacle in developing this approach . this so - called `` anomalous '' heating in ion traps is usually discussed in terms of the `` patch potential '' model . the essential features of this model are that the electric field noise responsible for heating of the ion motion arises from a large number of randomly fluctuating sources and that the electric field of individual sources scales with source - ion separation as an electrical dipole field . these two features reproduce the observed scaling of the electric field noise with the separation , , between the ion and trap electrodes .", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.1755068153142929, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new approach to the scalability of ion - trap based quantum information processing by using a planar ( surface ) ionic trap with ione separations of less than 100 m. This approach is based on the johnson noise model and is characterized by an electric field noise that scales with source - io separation as an electrical dipole field. The observed scaling of the electric field Noise in the trap is reproduced by the ionne - electrode separation, which is a large number of randomly fluctuating.", "reference_summary": "we report heating rate measurements in a microfabricated gold - on - sapphire surface electrode ion trap with trapping height of approximately 240 m . using the doppler recooling method , we characterize the trap heating rates over an extended region of the trap . the noise spectral density of the trap falls in the range of noise spectra reported in ion traps at room temperature . we find that during the first months of operation the heating rates increase by approximately one order of magnitude"}
{"id": "paper_108", "title": "In this study we analyze the dynamics of the contact list evolution of millions of users of the...", "text": "the structure and evolution of human interactions are generally characterized by heterogeneity in manifold ways and are influenced by correlations ranging from individual level to global scale . some of these emerging heterogeneities have been identified as the result of simple processes driven by microscopic rules . for example , preferential attachment has been shown to introduce degree heterogeneity and short path - ways into an evolving network structure . at the same time studies of action sequences such as communication actions in social networks have put into evidence further mechanisms responsible for inhomogeneities in network structure and dynamics . it has been shown in particular that correlated dynamics of individuals induce bursty temporal patterns of interactions . however , for the most , these studies draw their conclusions from observation of static network snapshots or from incomplete temporal sequences of interactions . only recently a number of datasets have been collected that contain time - stamped records of all topological actions , such as addition and deletion of edges between pairs of users . this development has opened the possibility to study directly the governing microscopic rules of network evolution in order to confirm previous hypothesis and to explore new mechanisms . in particular , the availability of time - stamped records of user registrations , edge additions and edge deletions , allows to explore in details the microscopic evolution of _ egocentric networks _ consisting of an individual user and their immediate friends or `` contacts '' . such datasets allow us to determine if the evolution of egocentric networks is incremental ( small constant changes ) or instead is characterized by sudden changes ( bursts ) . sudden changes in the egocentric network could be induced by changes in the ego s social status ( e.g. moving to a new place or starting a school ) but also by the adoption of new services which open possibilities fo", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17260487377643585, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new method for studying the evolution of egocentric networks in order to confirm previous hypothesis and explore new mechanisms. We use time - stamped records of user registrations, edge additions and deletions. This technique allows us to study the microscopic evolution of the network structure and dynamics.", "reference_summary": "in this study we analyze the dynamics of the contact list evolution of millions of users of the skype communication network . we find that egocentric networks evolve heterogeneously in time as events of edge additions and deletions of individuals are grouped in long bursty clusters , which are separated by long inactive periods . we classify users by their link creation dynamics and show that bursty peaks of contact additions are likely to appear shortly after user account creation . we also stu"}
{"id": "paper_109", "title": "M giants are among the longest - period pulsating stars which is why their studies were...", "text": "m giants are long - period variables requiring years of continuous observations for their study . much of our recent knowledge was gained from microlensing surveys of the magellanic cloud and the galactic bulge , such as macho , ogle and eros . while analysing photometric data of red giants in the macho survey of the lmc , found several sequences in the period - luminosity ( p - l ) plane , which were labelled as a , b , c , e and d , representing shorter to longer periods . subsequent studies have shown that these structures of the sequences is rich , with over a dozen features that are related to luminosity ( below or above the tip of the red giant branch - see , e.g. , ) and chemical composition ( carbon - rich vs. oxygen - rich , * ? ? ? * ) or might have a dependency on the wavelength range of the luminosity indicator . the most distinct parallel sequences a and b represent the radial overtone modes of semiregulars ( sr ) . these stars are numerous and most of them have multiple periods . the miras lie on sequence c , which corresponds to the fundamental mode . the power spectra of semiregulars that are observed for a large number of pulsation periods show modes with solar - like lorentzian envelopes . this suggests that stochastic excitation and damping take place . with decreasing luminosities the pulsations decrease in amplitude and become more difficult to detect . however , these also have shorter periods , making them good candidates for high - quality space photometry from _ corot _ and _ kepler_. in addition to the mentioned sequences of the srs and miras , there are two sequences in the p - l plane : sequence e and d representing the eclipsing binaries and the long secondary periods , respectively . the latter remains unexplained . although there is significant improvement in the understanding of m giant variability , there remain many question regarding the excitation and damping of the pulsations , and the expected crossover from mira - like to solar", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17484314739704132, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new study of the period - luminosity ( p - l ) plane of red giants in the macho survey of the lmc. The pulsation periods are measured using the _ corot _ and _ kepler _ telescopes. We find that the eclipsing binaries have a long - period, with a mean - time duration of. This is consistent with the observed pulses.", "reference_summary": "m giants are among the longest - period pulsating stars which is why their studies were traditionally restricted to analyses of low - precision visual observations , and more recently , accurate ground - based data . here we present an overview of m giant variability on a wide range of time - scales ( hours to years ) , based on analysis of thirteen quarters of _ kepler _ long - cadence observations ( one point per every 29.4 minutes ) , with a total time - span of over 1000 days . about two - t"}
{"id": "paper_110", "title": "Single - particle resonant - states in the continuum are determined by solving scattering states of...", "text": "in recent years , the physics of exotic nuclei attracts more attentions both experimentally and theoretically . due to the closeness of the fermi surface to the particle continuum in exotic nuclei the coupling between bound states and the particle continuum become important . the description of exotic nuclei has to explicitly include the coupling between bound states and the continuum . although there are several extensive theoretical studies of exotic nuclei using relativistic and non - relativistic microscopic methods , a rigorous treatment of the continuum for exotic nuclei is still under investigation . nuclei beyond the drip line are usually unbound and often exhibit resonances with a pronounced single - particle character , which are single - particle resonance states . the direct emission of charged particle from an unbound ground state has been observed in the three - body decay of o , which is closely linked with the energies and widths of resonant - states . in microscopic studies nuclear collective giant resonances are explained by the particle - hole excitations in a coherent way , where the particle continuum plays an important role . the contribution from the resonant states in the giant resonances has been studied in the so - called resonant random phase approximation in the non - relativistic approach by curutchet et . it was found that the contribution of the particle continuum is mainly from the single - particle resonances in the continuum . therefore , the exploration of single - particle resonant - states becomes very important in explaining the properties of ground states , dynamical processes of nuclei , excited nuclei , especially in understanding properties of nuclei far from the stable line . it is known that in most previous theoretical nuclear structure calculations , when the contribution from the continuum is performed the single - particle states in the continuum are usually treated by a discretization procedure with expanding the wave", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.1639295071363449, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We study the contribution of the continuum in a non - relativistic approach to the three - body decay of o, which is closely linked with the energy and widths of single - particle resonances. The contributions from the continuumal phase are studied in the so - called resonant random phase approximation by curutchet et. It is found that the contribution from the resonsant states in the continuumic wave is mainly from the single _ particle _ resonances in the amplitude of the corresponding resembl.", "reference_summary": "single - particle resonant - states in the continuum are determined by solving scattering states of the dirac equation with proper asymptotic conditions in the relativistic mean field theory ( rmf ) . the regular and irregular solutions of the dirac equation at a large radius where the nuclear potentials vanish are relativistic coulomb wave functions , which are calculated numerically . energies , widths and wave functions of single - particle resonance states in the continuum for sn are studied"}
{"id": "paper_111", "title": "The realistic equation of state of strongly interacting matter , that has been successfully applied...", "text": "one expects that the studies of relativistic heavy - ion collisions may bring us information about the properties of matter in the early universe ( at the time when its age was about 10 microseconds and its temperature was about 200 mev ) . in this paper we give an explicit example showing how such expectations may be realized in practice . our main point is that the theoretical analysis of the hadronic observables collected at rhic ( relativistic heavy ion collider at bnl ) pinned down the form of the equation of state ( eos ) of strongly interacting matter . the use of this eos in the friedmann equation allows us to determine the precise time evolution of the thermodynamic parameters in the early universe . until recently , the soft hadronic observables measured at rhic have been described with the help of the hydrodynamic models which incorporated the first - order phase transition between the quark - gluon plasma and hadronic matter . the main success of this approach was the correct reproduction of the hadron transverse - momentum spectra and the elliptic - flow coefficient . on the other hand , the hydrodynamic models using the first - order phase transition had severe problems with the reproduction of pionic correlation functions . the latter contain the information about the space - time dimensions of hadronic systems formed in the collisions . thus , the evident _ successes _ in the reproduction of the hadron _ momentum distributions _ were obscured by the _ failures _ connected with the analysis of the _ space - time dimensions _ of the produced system . the large part of those difficulties , known in the literature as the hbt puzzle , was removed by the use of the eos with the crossover phase transition . the crossover phase transition is not a genuine phase transition all thermodynamic parameters change smoothly as functions of the temperature , however , such changes may be quite sudden in a narrow temperature range . the crossover phase transition _ wi", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.16792091727256775, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new method for the analysis of the hadronic observables collected at rhic ( relativistic heavy ion collider at bnl ). The method is based on the first - order phase transition between the quark - gluon plasma and hadron matter. It is shown that the eos of strongly interacting matter can be used to determine the precise time evolution of the thermodynamic parameters in the early universe.", "reference_summary": "the realistic equation of state of strongly interacting matter , that has been successfully applied in the recent hydrodynamic studies of hadron production in relativistic heavy - ion collisions at rhic , is used in the friedmann equation to determine the precise time evolution of thermodynamic parameters in the early universe . a comparison with the results obtained with simple ideal - gas equations of state is made . the realistic equation of state describes a crossover rather than the first -"}
{"id": "paper_112", "title": "We investigate quantum photovoltaic effect in double quantum dots by applying nonequilibrium...", "text": "as fossil - fuels , the current main energy supplies in our modern society , get scarcer and more expensive , renewable energies become increasingly important and desirable . to meet this demand , the solar energy , a significant green energy source , attracts a broad spectrum of attention from both industrial applications and fundamental researches . in particular , the photovoltaic effect , firstly discovered by e. becquerel in , is a potential promising technology for light harvesting , which converts the inexhaustible sunlight to electricity for performing useful work . great efforts have been made to design efficient semiconductor - based solar cells . however , the obtained efficiency is still too low to meet human daily needs . the main reason comes from that the excess excitation energy of the electron - hole pair above the energy gap will be wasted through thermal phonon emission . by adding multiple impurity levels , m. wolf expected the photovoltaic enhancement for the low energy spectrum collection . while shockley and queisser suggested that the included impurity would also strengthen the recombination process correspondingly , resulting in no improvement of the photovoltaic current . moreover , various other proposals have been raised to enhance the solar conversion efficiency . recently , quantum dot ( qd ) emerges as an alternative candidate to fabricate solar cells , due to the ability of enhancing the photon harvesting via the multi - level structure . the novel feature of qd is that by adjusting the dot size , the energy scale of the excitation gap can be tuned across a wide regime , which extends the absorption spectrum down to the infrared range and makes qd competitive in designing multi - junction solar cells . particularly , the influence of the quantum coherence on improving photovoltaic efficiency has been addressed by m. o. scully et . al . they studied the photovoltaic cells as quantum heat engine modeled by electronic level systems reson", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17285245656967163, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We study the photovoltaic effect of quantum dot ( qd ) in a multi - level structure. By adjusting the dot size, the energy scale of the excitation gap can be tuned across a wide regime, which extends the absorption spectrum down to the infrared range and makes qD competitive in designing multi - junction solar cells.", "reference_summary": "we investigate quantum photovoltaic effect in double quantum dots by applying nonequilibrium quantum master equation . the drastic suppression of the photovoltaic current is observed near the open circuit voltage , which leads to the large filling factor . we find that there always exists an optimal inter - dot tunneling that significantly enhances the photovoltaic current . the maximal output power will also be obtained around the optimal inter - dot tunneling . moreover , the open circuit volt"}
{"id": "paper_113", "title": "We consider a generalized discrete model and demonstrate that it can support exact moving kink...", "text": "solitary waves play important role in a great variety of applications because they are robust against perturbations and they can transport various physical quantities such as mass , energy , momentum , electrical charge , and also information . many popular continuum nonlinear equations support traveling solutions , but for their discrete analogs the existence of traveling solutions was not systematically studied until recently . previously , only a few integrable lattices were known to support moving solitons , e.g. , the toda lattice and the ablowitz - ladik lattice , the former being the discrete version of the kdv equation and the latter of the nonlinear schrdinger ( nls ) equation . while integrable lattices of other key continuum models are also available , these integrable situations are still rather exceptional and typically not directly relevant to experimental settings . on the other hand , recently several wide classes of discrete models supporting translationally invariant ( ti ) _ static or stationary _ solutions have been discovered and investigated for the discrete klein - gordon equation and the discrete nls equation . static solitary waves in such lattices possess the translational goldstone mode , which means that the solitary waves moving with _ vanishing _ velocity can be regarded as the exact solutions to these discrete equations ( although there are issues for finite but small velocities as explained e.g. , in ) . moving solutions propagating along a lattice at _ finite _ velocity have also been found analytically in and with the help of specially tuned numerical approaches in . traveling bright solitons in the nls lattice model with saturable nonlinearity are also very interesting . for this model the existence of soliton frequencies with vanishing peierls - nabarro energy barrier was demonstrated . it was shown that for the specific frequencies the static version of the model equation coincides with that of the integrable ablowitz - ladik equ", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17411844432353973, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We study the existence of static solitary waves in the integrable schrdinger ( nls ) lattice model with vanishing peierls and nabarro energy barrier. For the specific frequencies the static version of the model equation coincides with that of the integrating ablowitz - ladik equ.", "reference_summary": "we consider a generalized discrete model and demonstrate that it can support exact moving kink solutions in the form of tanh with an arbitrarily large velocity . the constructed exact moving solutions are dependent on the specific value of the propagation velocity . we demonstrate that in this class of models , given a specific velocity , the problem of finding the exact moving solution is integrable . namely , this problem originally expressed as a three - point map can be reduced to a two - po"}
{"id": "paper_114", "title": "Lorentz invariance violation ( liv ) may be a good observational window on quantum gravity physics", "text": "postulating various symmetries in physics is largely justified by the quest for unified theories which rely on mathematical symmetries and on invariance of the fundamental laws . in the far past , the early universe was dominated by a dynamical symmetry evoluting to the complex diversity of broken symmetries . in the history of the universe the unique theory of space and time was characterized by plank scales : cm , and . later , the emergence of new phenomena on hierarchical levels lead to our present world composed on one side of galaxies of stars and on small scales of atoms , molecules and life . at present there is no consensus on the correct approach to the unification of small and large - scale physics : the nature of the small - scale of the space - time could be derived from the idea of `` fuzziness '' ( following to the heisenberg uncertainty principle ) or quantum foam discussed by , or , or sharply defined set of discrete points . this `` lumpiness '' or `` discreteness '' may affect photon propagation in the vacuum resulting in propagation anomalies . in consequence , the speed of light would differ with energy when photons travel through large distances . the searches for a physical theory uniformly valid in large ( strong field gravity , high energies , cosmology ) and small scales ( atoms , nuclei , elementary particles ) need empirical tests across these scales . the quickly developing domain of studies with astronomical observations of distant sources may shed new light on the subject . the purpose of this paper is purely experimental and no critical discussion about various theoretical approaches will be presented here , as it may be found in e.g. ( * ? ? ? * and references therein ) . the formalism in use will be limited to the one adopted in the time - of - flight studies with unpolarized photons from distant astrophysical sources . these constraints are usually translated into quantum gravity scale limits in the frame of considered models . in ", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.1714438796043396, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new approach to the unification of small and large - scale physics in the context of time - of - flight studies with unpolarized photons from distant astrophysical sources. This approach is based on the theory of fuzziness ( following to the heisenberg uncertainty principle ) or quantum foam, which is discussed by, or, sharply defined set of discrete points. The method is applied to the time, of, flight study with un Polarized photones from distant sources, and the results are presented.", "reference_summary": "lorentz invariance violation ( liv ) may be a good observational window on quantum gravity physics . within last few years , all major gamma - ray experiments have published results from the search for liv with variable astrophysical sources : gamma - ray bursts with detectors on - board satellites and active galactic nuclei with ground - based experiments . in this paper , the recent time - of - flight studies with unpolarized photons published from the space and ground based observations are r"}
{"id": "paper_115", "title": "In the past decades , weak convergence theory for stochastic processes has become a standard tool...", "text": "the hoffman jrgensen weak convergence theory in the space of bounded functions is a great success story in mathematical statistics [ ] . measurability assumptions are reduced to a minimum , no smoothness assumptions on the trajectories are needed , it applies in a vast variety of circumstances , and the topology of uniform convergence is fine enough so that , through the continuous mapping theorem and functional delta method , it implies weak convergence of a countless list of interesting statistical functionals . but precisely because of the strength of uniform convergence , there are circumstances where it does not hold . weak convergence can fail when the ( pointwise ) candidate limit process has discontinuous trajectories . think of empirical distributions based on residuals of some sort , that is , observations that are themselves approximations of some latent random variables . because of the measurement error in the ordinates , jump locations fail to be located exactly , and uniform convergence fails . the examples which interest us in this paper concern empirical copula processes , the empirical process based on residuals in a linear regression setting and empirical tail dependence function processes . a radical solution to the lack - of - convergence issue is to seek for another metric on an appropriate function space . the metric should be weak enough so that convergence does take place , but still strong enough to enable statistical applications . ideally , when the limit process has continuous trajectories , it should be equivalent to uniform convergence , so that in standard situations , nothing is lost . this is a difficult task , and it turns out that the various extensions of skorohod s metrics [ ] to functions of several variables [ ] are not suitable for the examples that we consider . in the present paper , we construct such a metric by building on ideas that originate in variational analysis and optimization theory . in the context of minimizatio", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17438454926013947, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We construct a weak convergence theory for the space of bounded functions. We consider empirical copula processes, linear regression and tail dependence function processes. The metric is weak enough to allow statistical applications.", "reference_summary": "in the past decades , weak convergence theory for stochastic processes has become a standard tool for analyzing the asymptotic properties of various statistics . routinely , weak convergence is considered in the space of bounded functions equipped with the supremum metric . however , there are cases when weak convergence in those spaces fails to hold . examples include empirical copula and tail dependence processes and residual empirical processes in linear regression models in case the underlyi"}
{"id": "paper_116", "title": "We use archival data of nasa s chandra x - ray telescope to compile an x - ray light curve of all...", "text": "the quasar q2237 + 0305 was discovered in 1984 during a spectroscopic survey of nearby galaxies . the spectrum of the nucleus of the barred spiral galaxy 2237 + 0305 ( =0.0394 ) was found to be superimposed by a quasar component at a redshift of = 1.695 . + the first high resolution observations of the system showed three images of the quasar . this number was soon corrected by who first observed all four known point like quasar images around the core of the galaxy . the images are arranged in a nearly symmetric way , hence the name ` the einstein cross ' . + spectroscopy proved that they are images of a single quasar . the images are separated by up to 1.8 from each other , and are labeled a through d. + after the prediction by and initial theoretical studies ( e.g. , ) , microlensing was first detected in q2237 + 0305 . in fact , this detection of ` quasar microlensing ' was the first evidence for microlensing generally , including stellar microlensing in the galaxy which was not discovered until 1993 . today ` the einstein cross ' is one of the best studied multiply lensed quasars and there have been a lot of monitoring programs in the optical where much microlensing activity has been observed . the quasar has also been detected in the uv , the nir , the mir and the radio regime . however , there is no published light curve of q2237 + 0305 in the x - ray regime yet . + the x - ray emission of q2237 + 0305 was first detected with _ rosat / hri _ observations in 1997 . since then there have been other x - ray observations of q2237 + 0305 like a single spectroscopic observation with _ xmm - newton _ from 2002 ( data set i d : 0110960101 ; pi : watson ) and two _ chandra _ observations . in this paper we study ten archival _ chandra _ observations ranging from january 2006 until january 2007 and compile the first x - ray light curve of q2237 + 0305 . the data we use was taken by the _ chandra x - ray observatory _ in the period between january 9 , 2006 ( julian date ", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.18510589003562927, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new x - ray emission of the quasar q2237 + 0305 in the xmm - newton regime. The light curve of the system is obtained by using the _ rosat / hri _ observations of the galaxy. We find that the q 2237 + 3305 has a single spectroscopic emission from the nir and mir, which are both observed in the optical.", "reference_summary": "we use archival data of nasa s chandra x - ray telescope to compile an x - ray light curve of all four images of the quadruply lensed quasar q2237 + 0305 ( =1.695 ) from january 2006 to january 2007 . we fit simulated point spread functions to the four individual quasar images using cash s c - statistic to account for the poisson nature of the x - ray signal . the quasar images display strong flux variations up to a factor of within one month . we can disentangle the intrinsic quasar variability"}
{"id": "paper_117", "title": "Previous studies have shown that dipole - bound excited states exist for certain small anions", "text": "in the search for carriers of unexplained interstellar absorption spectra , the electronic properties of rarely studied systems offer a viable new avenue of research to explore . the set of as - of - yet unexplained visible to near - infrared peaks known as the diffuse interstellar bands ( dibs ) , for example , has remained a mystery for nearly a century . however , it has been suggested that anions may be responsible for some of the dib features . recent work has shown a relative richness of electronic absorption features below the electronic binding energy ( ebe ) for some anions that exhibit singlet dipole - bound excited states and even some species that appear to possess additional valence excitations for any dipole - bound anion , the corresponding radical must possess large a dipole moment in order for the electron to remain bound within the system . in an ideal situation the dipole moment must be at least greater than 1.625 d and probably closer to 2.5 d typically in a highly diffuse orbital . however , valence ground and excited states may exist below the single dipole - bound state which functions as the upper excitation energy limit since the dipole - bound state excitation energy must be nearly coincident with the ebe . bound excited valence states in molecular anions are rare \" . however , some anions are known to exhibit valence electronic excitations , but most of these are open - shell anions where excitations do not have to overcome the additional energy barrier of sorts involved in splitting an electron pair while still remaining below the ebe . negatively charged small fragments or atoms and , especially , carbon chains have been documented to possess bound valence excited states . additionally , some anions , including many with second row atoms , are known to possess triplet excited states above the ground state where the energy splitting between the ground state ( which may either be singlet or triplet ) and the triplet excited state is relati", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.1748272329568863, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new study of the electronic properties of the diffuse interstellar bands ( dibs ) in a singlet dipole - bound excited state. We show that the dib is strongly dependent on the electron pair and the dipole moment, but it can be found to be much more robust than the dibe - binding energy. The dibroid excitation energy must be at least greater than 1.625 d and probably closer to 2.5 d typically in a highly diffuse orbital.", "reference_summary": "previous studies have shown that dipole - bound excited states exist for certain small anions . however , valence excited states have been reported for some closed - shell anions , but those with singlet valence excited states have , thus far , contained a single silicon atom . this work utilizes high - level coupled cluster theory previously shown to reproduce excited state energies to better than 0.1 ev compared with experiment in order to examine the electronic excited state properties of ani"}
{"id": "paper_118", "title": "The galactic centre hosts , according to observations , a number of early - type stars", "text": "over the past two decades , nearly 200 early - type stars have been revealed in the innermost parsec of our galaxy ( see genzel et al . 2010 for the most recent review ; * ? ? ? * ; * ? ? ? * ; * ? ? ? * ; * ? ? ? * ; * ? ? ? * ; * ? ? ? * ; * ? ? ? observations suggest that these stars are orbiting a highly concentrated mass , which is associated with the compact radio source sgr a*. it is widely accepted that this source is powered by a supermassive black hole ( smbh ) . its mass and distance from the sun are estimated to be approximately and , respectively . according to the most recent observations of , the majority ( 136 ) of the early - type stars observed in the sgr a * region are located at projected distance from the smbh . roughly one half of these stars appear to form a coherently rotating disc - like structure , the so - called clockwise system ( cws ; discovered by * ? ? ? the remaining stars are randomly scattered off the cws plane . nevertheless , some authors report the existence of a second coherent structure at a large angle with respect to the cws the counterclockwise system ( ccws ; first mentioned by * ? ? ? given these two discs , a significant number of the early - type stars are still not belonging to either of the structures . observations have further established that all the early - type stars between and from the smbh are either wolf - rayett stars or o- or early b - stars ( wr / ob stars ) . evolutionary phases of individual stars indicate that all of them have been formed ago within a short period of time , probably not exceeding . the presence of such stars so close to a smbh is rather suprising . in particular , the tidal field of the smbh is strong enough to prevent standard star formation mechanisms . hence , various hypotheses have been suggested to explain the origin and configuration of the wr / ob stars observed in the sgr a * region . in situ fragmentation of a self - gravitating gaseous disc is probably the currently most wide", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.16976039111614227, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new study of the early - type stars in the innermost parsec of our galaxy. We find that the first two discs are not wolf - rayett stars or o - or early b - stars, but rather a pair of wolf and ray - like stars. The first disc is a coherently rotating disk, which is associated with the compact radio source sgr a*. It is also possible to detect a second disc, a wolf or rayer -like.", "reference_summary": "the galactic centre hosts , according to observations , a number of early - type stars . about one half of those which are orbiting the central supermassive black hole on orbits with projected radii form a coherently rotating disc . observations further reveal a massive gaseous torus and a significant population of late - type stars . in this paper , we investigate , by means of numerical -body computations , the orbital evolution of the stellar disc , which we consider to be initially thin . we"}
{"id": "paper_119", "title": "We analyze time - resolved spontaneous emission from excitons confined in self - assembled quantum...", "text": "semiconductor quantum dots ( qds ) are nanoscale solid state structures that provide three - dimensional quantum confinement of otherwise mobile charge carriers . self - assembled qds of embedded in provide confinement for both electrons and holes in a direct band gap semiconductor . hence , they are optically active with the benefits of a high quantum efficiency and compatibility with existing semiconductor technology . these properties make the qds highly promising light sources for novel optical devices including optical quantum information devices . this has led to an increasing interest in the quantum - optical properties of qds , and major achievements include the demonstration of the purcell effect for qds in solid - state cavities and strong coupling between a single qd and the optical mode of a cavity . very recently also electrical tuning of such quantum photonics devices was demonstrated , which is a significant milestone towards practical all - solid state cavity quantum electrodynamics devices . despite the recent progress , a thorough understanding of the dynamics of light - matter coupling for qds in nanostructured photonic media is still lacking . such an understanding is required for quantitative comparisons between experiment and theory . the problem is two - fold , i.e. a detailed understanding of both the optical part and the electronic part is required . the optical part is described by the local density of optical states ( ldos ) expressing the distribution of modes that the qd can radiate to , while the electronic part is determined by the exciton wavefunction for the qd . here we will investigate an optical system where the ldos can be calculated exactly , and use that to extract detailed information about the qd . our experimental results are compared to a theoretical qd model , and the effect of qd size , material composition , and strain is investigated . such quantitative comparisons of experimental data to simple theoretical qd models ar", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17374277114868164, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We investigate the optical properties of semiconductor quantum dots ( qds ) in nanostructured photonic media. The optical part is defined by the local density of optical states ( ldos ) and the electronic part is determined by the exciton wavefunction for the qD. Our results are compared to a theoretical qc model, and the effect of qb size, material composition, strain is investigated.", "reference_summary": "we analyze time - resolved spontaneous emission from excitons confined in self - assembled quantum dots placed at various distances to a semiconductor - air interface . the modification of the local density of optical states due to the proximity of the interface enables unambiguous determination of the radiative and non - radiative decay rates of the excitons . from measurements at various emission energies we obtain the frequency dependence of the radiative decay rate , which is only revealed d"}
{"id": "paper_120", "title": "Directed sandpile models with different toppling rules are studied by means of numerical...", "text": "the classification of sandpile models in their different universality class has been a topic of intensive research in the last decade . however , most of the work has been devoted to models with undirected toppling while their corresponding directed variants has been less studied . from the theoretical side we count with the exact solution for the directed btw model obtained by dhar and ramaswamy , which can be taken as a reference for numerical simulations . on the other hand , pastor - satorras and vespignani has recently reported numerical simulations for the manna model , which puts clear evidence about the classification of the btw and manna directed models in different universality classes . other studies include a directed model with a probabilistic toppling and a recent report concerning the effect of local dissipation on the soc state . the analysis of other directed models , the non abelian zhang model for instance , is of great interested and may give light to the study of their corresponding undirected variants . with this scope three different directed models are investigated by means of numerical simulations . this includes the well known zhang model , the random threshold model ( rt ) , and the btw model under an uniform driving . the influence of a uniform driving in the zhang model has been already discussed in the literature although some aspects are still not clear . however , the same analysis has not been made for models with a discrete toppling rule , like the btw model , where the energy transfer always takes place in discrete units . in this direction narayan and middleton suggested that the btw model under noisy and uniform driving has the same critical behavior . from the numerical data it is concluded that the manna and rt directed models belong to the same universality class , in agreement with the general believe for the corresponding undirected variants . moreover , the data obtained for the zhang model does not satisfy finite - size sc", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.16791751980781555, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We study the critical behavior of a random threshold model under noise and uniform driving. The results are obtained for the manna and rt directed models, which belong to the same universality class.", "reference_summary": "directed sandpile models with different toppling rules are studied by means of numerical simulations in two dimensions , with the purpose of determining the different universality classes . it is concluded that the random - threshold directed model is in the same universality of the manna directed model where multiple toppling events plays a determinant role . the btw model with uniform and noisy driving are found to display the same critical behavior . moreover it is observed that the zhang mod"}
{"id": "paper_121", "title": "We present spectral and timing analysis of observations of the accreting x - ray pulsar rxp", "text": "2rxp j130159.6 - 635806 , first discovered by the _ rosat _ observatory , was later rediscovered in hard x - rays by the _ integral_/ibis telescope and designated with the name igrj13020 - 6359 . the first comprehensive analysis of the temporal and spectral x - ray properties of this source was done by using data from the _ asca _ , _ bepposax _ , _ integral _ and _ xmm - newton _ observatories . in particular , _ xmm - newton _ data showed coherent pulsations with a period of around 700 s. joint spectral analysis of _ xmm - newton _ and _ integral _ data demonstrated that the spectral shape is very typical for accretion - powered x - ray pulsars ( namely , an absorbed power law with a high - energy cut - off ) . based on 2mass archival data , proposed that the binary companion to 2rxp j130159.6 - 635806 is a be star at a distance of 47 kpc . this suggestion was later confirmed by , who reported the presence of emission lines of hei .0594 m and br(74 ) .1663 m , which are typical for a be star . the spectral type of the optical counterpart was determined to be b0.5ve . the orbital period of the binary remains unknown . x - ray pulsars in binary systems with be companions ( bexrps ) typically manifest themselves as transient sources through either type i ( periodic flares related to the periastron passage ) or type ii outbursts ( powerful rare transient events ) , or a combination of both . 2rxpj130159.6 - 635806 shows several differences from a standard transient bexrp . specifically , it has a relatively low persistent flux , a long pulse period , and it does not demonstrate either type i or type ii outbursts . , however , did report some variability of its x - ray flux . therefore , there are substantial reasons to consider 2rxpj130159.6 - 635806 as a member of the subclass of persistent bexrps . so far , only a few members of this relatively small category of objects have been studied in detail : 4u 0352 + 309/x persei , rx j0146.9 + 6121/ls i + 61 235 , rx j0440", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.18417279422283173, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new analysis of the x - ray properties of 2rxp j130159.6 - 605806 in binary systems with be companions ( bexrps ). The spectral type of the optical counterpart to 2rXp, igrj13020 - 659, is b0.5ve and the orbital period of the binary is unknown. We find that the spectra of the two sources are similar to those of the other two sources.", "reference_summary": "we present spectral and timing analysis of observations of the accreting x - ray pulsar rxp . the source was serendipitously observed during a campaign focused on the gamma - ray binary and was later targeted for a dedicated observation . the spectrum has a typical shape for accreting x - ray pulsars , consisting of a simple power law with an exponential cutoff starting at kev with a folding energy of kev . there is also an indication of the presence of a 6.4 kev iron line in the spectrum at the"}
{"id": "paper_122", "title": "An investigation of the processes and in a background magnetic field is presented", "text": "the interaction of matter with magnetic fields has long been studied for the important consequences it has for particle dynamics . whether it is from the astrophysical implication of a magnetic field on the structure of a neutron star or to the zeeman shift of energy levels within an atom , the presence of an external magnetic field can open the door to interesting effects not previously seen . the effect of an homogeneous background field on the charged fermion propagator in qed was first studied by schwinger . proper - time method provides the machinery for an exact solution to the altered propagator . recently , a weak field expansion of this method has been applied to demonstrate that there exists enhancements to neutrino - photon interactions that involve charged fermion loops . the goal of this article is to present what effects a magnetic field has on the decays of the which are otherwise forbidden . the landau - yang theorem uses bose symmetry and rotational invariance arguments to prove that a vector particle can not decay into two massless vector particles . that is , the decays and are not allowed . however we can employ the field expansion of schwinger s method to calculate if and to what degree the magnetic field stimulates the decay . we expand just to first order in the magnetic field . this turns out to be a very good approximation considering that the relevant expansion parameter is , where is the mass of the fermion and is its charge . for the lightest of the possible fermions , the electron , the critical field turns out to be of the order . this field is a great deal larger than those magnetic fields produced by very dense white dwarfs , and near the neutron star magnetic field intensity . the calculation is complete to first order , but because of this expansion parameter it is shown that the dominant contributions are from the lightest quarks ( ) for and from the electron in the case . first we briefly introduce the reader to the methodology us", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.1771983802318573, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a weak field expansion of the landau - yang theorem to calculate the decays of the charged fermion propagator in qed. The calculation is complete to first order in the magnetic field and the dominant contributions are from the lightest quarks for and from the electron in the case.", "reference_summary": "an investigation of the processes and in a background magnetic field is presented . for homogeneous fields corrections to the charged fermion propagator can be calculated in leading orders of the magnetic field . this work examines the first order contributions of the corrected propagator to decays that are otherwise zero . results of the decay rates for varying field strengths are included ."}
{"id": "paper_123", "title": "Using a set of high - resolution -body / sph cosmological simulations with identical initial...", "text": "one potential problem of the cold dark matter ( cdm ) cosmology is the mass distributions in the central region of clusters of galaxies . there is yet no consensus emerging from the observations . in general , simulations produce steep inner density profiles for dm halos , while observations of some clusters seem to prefer flat , core - like profiles ( e.g. , * ? ? ? * ) , and others prefer cusped profiles ( e.g. , * ? ? ? * ; * ? ? ? * ; * ? ? ? show that the central dm profiles of clusters of galaxies have a slope of about , which is substantially flatter than the inner slope ( ) of the navarro - frenk - white ( nfw ) profile as found in cdm simulations . however , other authors argued that their interpretations are compromised by the assumption of sphericity ( e.g. , * ? ? ? * ; * ? ? ? * ; * ? ? ? * ) . recent observations of strong gravitational lensing have shown that some clusters of galaxies have very high mass concentration parameters ( e.g. , * ? ? ? * ) compared with the average value obtained in the dm simulations . the number of giant arcs predicted by -body simulations may also be somewhat too low to be compatible with observations ( ; but see ; ; ) . it is unclear whether these discrepancies are serious . hence , the systematics in theoretical predictions need to be explored , and the effect of baryons is one of these . baryons can cool via dissipative processes while dm is collisionless , and so their density evolutions may be quite different . although the baryonic matter is only a modest fraction of the total mass ( less than or equal to the universal baryon fraction of 16% , as revealed by the _ wilkinson microwave anistropy probe _ [ wmap ] ; spergel et al . 2003 , 2006 ) , it can nevertheless play a significant role in reshaping the density profiles of the dm halos . for example , the baryons that condense toward the center of dm halos can compress dm by adiabatic contraction . this effect was confirmed in simulations with gas cooling where the ", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.18276576697826385, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new study of the mass distributions in clusters of galaxies with strong gravitational lensing. We find that the central density profiles of clusters have a slope of about, which is substantially flatter than the inner slope of the navarro - frenk - white ( nfw ) profile as found in cdm simulations. The results are consistent with previous observations of strong gravitationsal lensed clusters, and show that the mass concentration parameters are similar to those obtained by -body simulations in the same way.", "reference_summary": "using a set of high - resolution -body / sph cosmological simulations with identical initial conditions but run with different numerical setups , we investigate the influence of baryonic matter on the mass distribution of dark halos when radiative cooling is _ not _ included . we compare the concentration parameters of about massive halos with virial mass from to . we find that the concentration parameters for the total mass and dark matter distributions in nonradiative simulations are on averag"}
{"id": "paper_124", "title": "We survey several applications of fixed point theorems in the theory of invariant subspaces", "text": "one of the most recalcitrant unsolved problems in operator theory is the invariant subspace problem . the question has an easy formulation . does every operator on an infinite dimensional , separable complex hilbert space have a non trivial invariant subspace ? despite the simplicity of its statement , this is a very difficult problem and it has generated a very large amount of literature . we refer the reader to the expository paper of yadav for a detailed account of results related to the invariant subspace problem . in this survey we discuss some applications of fixed point theorems in the theory of invariant subspaces . the general idea is that a fixed point theorem applied to a suitable map yields the existence of invariant subspaces for an operator on a banach space . in section [ compact ] we consider the striking theorem of lomonosov about the existence of invariant subspaces for algebras containing compact operators . the proof of this theorem is based on the schauder fixed point theorem . in section [ local ] we present a recent result of lomonosov , radjavi , and troitsky about the existence of invariant subspaces for localizing algebras . the proof of this result is based on the ky fan fixed point theorem for multivalued maps . the idea of using fixed point theorems for multivalued maps in the search for invariant subspaces was first introduced by androulakis . in section [ burnside ] we consider an extension of burnside s theorem to infinite dimensional banach spaces . this result is originally due to lomonosov . we present a proof of it in a special case that was obtained independently by scott brown and that once again is based on the schauder fixed point theorem . in section [ krein ] we address the existence of invariant subspaces for operators on krein space of indefinite product , and we present a result of albeverio , makarov , and motovilov whose proof uses the banach fixed point theorem . the rest of this section contains some notation , a prec", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.1689622700214386, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We discuss some applications of fixed point theorems in the theory of invariant subspaces. The general idea is that a fixed point Theoremus applied to a suitable map yields the existence of in Variant subSpaces for operators on krein space of indefinite product. In this paper we present a proof of it in a special case that was obtained independently by scott brown and that once again is based on the schauder fixed pointtheorematization.", "reference_summary": "we survey several applications of fixed point theorems in the theory of invariant subspaces . the general idea is that a fixed point theorem applied to a suitable map yields the existence of invariant subspaces for an operator on a banach space . [ 1995/12/01 ] : 47a15 , 47h10 : invariant subspace ; fixed point"}
{"id": "paper_125", "title": "Masses for the ( or ) molecular states are systematically computed in the framework of qcd sum rules", "text": "recently , the cdf collaboration has reported the observation of a narrow near - threshold structure in the mass spectrum in decays , for which the mass is and the width is . this experimental observation has triggered great interest of many practitioners , and there have already appeared some theoretical interpretations for this new resonance , e.g. refs . . on the whole , is apt to be deciphered as the molecular partner of the charmonium - like state . undoubtedly , the quantitative description of s properties such as mass is quite needed for well understanding its structure , but it is difficult to extract information on the hadronic spectrum from the rather simple lagrangian of qcd . that s because low energy qcd involves a regime where it is futile to attempt perturbative calculations and one has to treat a genuinely strong field in nonperturbative methods . whereas , one can resort to qcd sum rules ( for reviews see and references therein ) , which is a nonperturbative analytic formalism firmly entrenched in qcd . in fact , some authors have studied via qcd sum rules soon after its observation , however , they arrived at different conclusions basing on the molecular picture . on the other hand , it could not be readily excluded for or as possible molecular configuration for without explicit dynamics calculations . catalyzed by the above reasons , we devote to calculate the spectra of the molecular states through qcd sum rules , to see whether can be figured as a molecular state . in our approach , the masses for , , , , , and molecular states are gained . in addition , to improve on the accuracy of qcd sum rule analysis for , the order and contributions are included in ope side . the paper is organized as follows . in sec . [ sec2 ] , qcd sum rules for the molecular states are introduced , and both the phenomenological representation and qcd side are derived , followed by the numerical analysis to extract the hadronic masses in sec . section [ sec4 ] is a brie", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17021945118904114, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new approach to the analysis of the mass spectrum in decays using qcd sum rules. The phenomenological representation and q cm side are derived, followed by numerical analysis to extract the hadronic masses in sec.", "reference_summary": "masses for the ( or ) molecular states are systematically computed in the framework of qcd sum rules . technically , contributions of the operators up to dimension six are included in operator product expansion ( ope ) . the numerical result for agrees well with the mass for , which supports the molecular configuration for ."}
{"id": "paper_126", "title": "Dust in debris disks is generated by collisions among planetesimals", "text": "as of the end of 2008 , 228 extrasolar planets around 193 stars had been discovered using radial velocity techniques . most of them are believed to be jupiter - like gas giants , although some may be lower - mass rocky planets . according to the core accretion model , planets are formed by the agglomeration of rocky planetesimals into solid cores . for gas giants , the core accretes a gaseous envelope . the planets may migrate toward the star due to interactions with the disk material , and strong planet planet gravitational scattering may significantly modify orbital parameters . it is also known that many main - sequence stars display infrared and/or submillimeter excess emission due to the presence of debris dust grains ( e.g. , * ? ? ? these grains are replenished by collisions among planetesimals , leftovers of the planet formation process ( backman & paresce 1993 ) . planets orbiting the star can stir the planetesimal population and initiate a collisional cascade , resulting in dust production . the morphology of the disk might be gravitationally shaped by planets orbiting interior to the disk . the common origin of planets and debris disks suggests that a connection may exist between the presence of planets and planetesimals . the relationship between debris disks and planets can be studied by comparing the incidence of excess emission due to debris dust between samples of stars with and without planets . an overview of such studies is presented in tab . [ tab : detection ] . for sun - like stars e.g. hinted at a positive correlation between debris disks and planets ; found no significant correlation ; and claimed that although excess rates for the planet sample are higher , both samples excess rates are consistent at the 1 level . more conclusive results can only be based on larger samples than used in those studies . here we use data from the _ spitzer space telescope _ archive at 24 and 70 m to compare the incidence of debris dust around stars with planets", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.1884327381849289, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new study of the incidence of debris dust around stars with and without planets. We compare the incidences of debris Dust around stars and planets in two different samples: the _ spitzer space telescope _ archive at 24 and 70 m, and the data from the spitzeer space telescope archives at 24 m and 70m. The results are consistent with previous studies, but not consistent with current observations.", "reference_summary": "dust in debris disks is generated by collisions among planetesimals . the existence of these planetesimals is a consequence of the planet formation process , but the relationship between debris disks and planets has not been clearly established . here we analyze spitzer / mips 24 and 70 m data for 150 planet - bearing stars , and compare the incidence of debris disks around these stars with a sample of 118 stars around which planets have been searched for , but not found . together they comprise"}
{"id": "paper_127", "title": "The static kottler metric is the schwarzschild vacuum metric extended to include a cosmological...", "text": "the cosmological constant , originally included in the field equations to create a static universe , is now included in models of the universe to drive acceleration . how the cosmological constant effects more local scenarios , both static and stationary , is also of interest . the 1918 kottler solution , , describes matter from cosmological constant around a spherical source of mass , creating a generalization of the schwarzschild vacuum solution . the kottler metric is when einstein s field equations are extended to include , birkhoff s theorem extends to the kottler solution as the unique consequence of spherical symmetry . kottler reduces to the vacuum schwarzschild solution when . the kottler spacetime is an einstein space with ricci tensor chrusciel and simon have discussed the classification of static spherically symmetric solutions with . for the spacetime is either de sitter ( ) or anti - de sitter ( ) . its conformal structure has been studied by lake and roeder . the kottler spacetime with is not cosmological since it is spherically symmetric rather than lrs . examining geodesic orbits shows the term corresponds to a repulsive ( ) central force of magnitude . contributes to the periapsis precession of geodesic orbits but does not effect gravitational lensing . this spacetime is petrov type * d * , with , the only non - zero weyl tensor component . only the schwarzschild mass contributes to the weyl tensor , which explains why has no lensing effect . with , one interpretation of in the field equations is a vacuum energy - momentum . in the newtonian limit is recognized as a uniform mass density an upper limit for is equivalent to a vacuum density of gm/ . we will focus on as a backgound atmosphere . with there is a trapped surface ( horizon ) at with mass , the presence of the atmosphere modifies the horizon structure even in the static case , the positions being given by the roots of the cubic function while horizons in both schwarzschild and kottler have", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17168840765953064, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We study the cosmological constant in the 1918 kottler solution, which is an einstein space with ricci tensor. The horizon structure of the spherically symmetric kotler spacetime is studied as a backgound atmosphere. We find that the spectral properties of the surface are not affected by the presence of the atmosphere, but by the existence of a vacuum energy - momentum.", "reference_summary": "the static kottler metric is the schwarzschild vacuum metric extended to include a cosmological constant . angular momentum is added to the kottler metric by using newman and janis complexifying algorithm . the new metric is the generalization of the kerr spacetime . it is stationary , axially symmetric , petrov type * ii * , and has kerr - schild form.pacs numbers : 04.20.-q , 04.20.jb * contents * {l}% \\\\ {0pt}a.\\ generalizations}\\\\ {0pt}b.\\ our\\ generalization}\\\\ \\\\ \\\\ {0pt}a.\\ energy - momen"}
{"id": "paper_128", "title": "Using hydrodynamic simulations , we investigate the physical properties of gaseous substructures in...", "text": "the inner parts of barred galaxies contain interesting gaseous substructures that include dust lanes , nuclear rings , and nuclear spirals ( e.g. , ) . these substructures are thought to form as a result of gas redistribution in galaxies initiated by non - axisymmetric bar torque ( e.g. , ) . understanding their formation and evolution is therefore of crucial importance to understand how the interstellar gas in barred galaxies is driven inward to affect star formation activities in the nuclear regions and potentially fueling of active galactic nuclei ( agn ) . since their spatial locations and shapes are likely to be determined by the bar strength as well as the underlying rotation curve ( e.g. , ) , they may also be used to probe the mass distributions in barred galaxies that are not directly observable . while the bar substructures have been observed for a long time ( e.g. , ) , it is during recent years that high - quality data on their physical properties have been compiled and compared with bar characteristics ( e.g. , ) . there is increasing observational evidence that the shape and size of the bar substructures are determined primarily by the bar strength . for instance , measured the curvature angles of dust lanes for a sample of 9 barred - spiral galaxies , and found that stronger bars favor more straight dust lanes , confirming a theoretical prediction of . by extending the sample size to 55 galaxies , confirmed the results of , although they also found that a large scatter in the fit of the relationship can be reduced if the bar ellipticity is also considered in the fit . more recently , measured the sizes and shapes of nuclear rings in a sample of 107 galaxies , finding that ` stronger bars host smaller rings ' and that the ring ellipticity is in the range of 00.4 . reported from the analysis of 13 nuclear rings that the ring size is well correlated with the compactness of the galaxy mass distribution such that higher mass concentration implies a smaller", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.18035654723644257, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new study of the shape and size of nuclear rings in barred galaxies. The results are consistent with previous studies that have shown that stronger bars favor more straight dust lanes, while weaker bars favor smaller rings. We also find that the shape of nuclear ring sizes is well correlated with the compactness of the galaxy mass distribution, suggesting that the larger ring size is associated with the larger mass density.", "reference_summary": "using hydrodynamic simulations , we investigate the physical properties of gaseous substructures in barred galaxies and their relationships with the bar strength . the gaseous medium is assumed to be isothermal and unmagnetized . the bar potential is modeled as a ferrers prolate with index . to explore situations with differing bar strength , we vary the bar mass relative to the spheroidal component as well as its aspect ratio . we derive expressions as functions of and for the bar strength and "}
{"id": "paper_129", "title": "Polarization is an important indicator of stellar evolution , especially for stars evolving from...", "text": "a characteristic property of stars evolving from red giant stage to planetary nebulae ( pne ) is polarization ; observed polarization reaches a maximum during the proto - planetary stage and gradually decreases as the star evolves into a pn . polarimetric studies of post - asymptotic giant branch ( agb ) stars by and have helped to identify aspherical morphology shells that originate during mass - loss phase as common features of these objects . quasi - periodic variations in linear polarization are known to be observed in many late - type variables . however , not much work has been done on polarization of carbon stars ; we report here -band polarimetric measurements of a sample of carbon stars at high galactic latitude . polarization of carbon stars are known to show a flatter wavelength dependence than the oxygen - rich stars . stars with circumstellar materials exhibit a certain amount of linear polarization . the degree of polarization increases with asymmetries present in the geometry of the shells . by modeling the observed polarization , it is possible to study the geometry and structure of the shells . polarization models of circumstellar grain scattering shows that graphites do not adequately explain the mean polarimetric behavior of carbon stars . have shown that graphites also do not adequately explain the ir spectra of circumstellar dust envelopes around carbon - rich objects . it was suggested by that graphite formation in circumstellar envelopes is not a very likely process and its likely that carbon grains exist most likely as amorphous carbon . while find no significant variation in polarization for hd 100746 at u , b , i bands , etc . , finds mild wavelength dependence of polarization in the case of a few carbon stars of mira variables . in particular , the polarization was found to increase systematically toward the red in rt pup , uu aur shows a dip in the polarization curve around the band , and x vel shows a larger polarization in the band than", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17713814973831177, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We report -band polarimetric measurements of a sample of carbon stars at high galactic latitude. The observed polarization is found to increase with asymmetries present in the geometry of the shells. It is shown that the polarized gas is amorphous and has a lower polarizing curve than the oxygen - rich star.", "reference_summary": "polarization is an important indicator of stellar evolution , especially for stars evolving from red - giant stage to planetary nebulae . however , not much is known about the polarimetric properties of the carbon - enhanced metal - poor ( cemp ) stars , although they have been well studied in terms of photometric as well as low- and high - resolution spectroscopy . we report here first - ever estimates of -band polarimetry of a group of cemp stars . -band polarimetry was planned as the -band is"}
{"id": "paper_130", "title": "We investigate several categories of integrable - , - , -modules", "text": "the category of finite - dimensional representations of a lie algebra is endowed with a natural contravariant involution where indicates dual space . for categories of infinite - dimensional modules is never an involution as . this is why one usually looks for a `` restricted dual '' or a `` continuous dual '' which might still yield a contravariant involution on a given category of infinite - dimensional modules . in this paper we study two categories of infinite - dimensional modules of certain infinite - dimensional lie algebras and show , in particular , that there exists an interesting category of infinite - dimensional representations on which the functor ( 1 ) of algebraic dualization is well - defined and preserves the property of a module to be of finite loewy length . more precisely , we study representations of locally finite lie algebras , i.e. of direct limits of finite - dimensional lie algebras . there are three well - known classical simple locally finite lie algebras , each of them being defined by an obvious direct limit . none of these lie algebras admits non - trivial finite - dimensional representations , and instead one studies integrable representations ( the definition see in section 2 below ) . however , the category of integrable -modules is vast ( and `` wild '' in the technical sense ) , so it is reasonable to look for interesting subcategories . one subcategory we study is the category of integrable weight modules with finite - dimensional weight spaces , and this is obviously an analog of the category of finite - dimensional representations of a classical finite - dimensional lie algebra . it is less obvious that for this category contains some rather interesting simple modules which are not highest weight modules . the first main result of this paper is the proof of the semisimplicity of this category : an extension of hermann weyl s semisimplicity theorem to the classical lie algebras . the above category is clearly not the only reaso", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.1624186784029007, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We study two categories of infinite - dimensional modules of certain infinite / dimensional lie algebras and show that there exists an interesting category of infinitely -dimensional representations on which the functor ( 1 ) of algebraic dualization is well - defined and preserves the property of a module to be of finite loewy length.", "reference_summary": "we investigate several categories of integrable - , - , -modules . in particular , we prove that the category of integrable - , - , -modules with finite - dimensional weight spaces is semisimple . the most interesting category we study is the category of tensor modules . its objects are defined as integrable modules of finite loewy length such that the algebraic dual is also integrable and of finite loewy length . we prove that the simple objects of are precisely the simple tensor modules , i.e."}
{"id": "paper_131", "title": "Experiments on the direction - resolved full - counting statistics of single - electron tunneling...", "text": "the second law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of a macroscopic system driven out of equilibrium grows with time , and the dynamics of such a system is irreversible . the entropy of a mesoscopic system also grows in the long - time limit , but it may decrease over sufficiently short periods of time . hence , the entropy production during a time interval is a random variable , characterized by a distribution . the ` fluctuation theorem ' ( ft ) states that the probabilities of positive and negative entropy changes at sufficiently long are related by remarkably , this simple and universal relation remains valid even far from equilibrium . it has been proven for thermostated hamiltonian systems , markovian stochastic processes , quantum systems , and mesoscopic conductors . the ft is fundamentally important for transport theory . one of its consequences is the jarzynski equality , which in turn leads to the 2nd law of thermodynamics . it also leads to the fluctuation - dissipation theorem and onsager symmetry relations , as well as to their extensions to nonlinear transport . the ft was first verified in an experiment measuring the distribution of the work done on a colloidal particle placed in a water flow and trapped by an optical tweezer . by monitoring the position fluctuations it is possible to estimate the work done on the particle . for this classical experiment , as well as for other related ones performed at room temperature , the thermal fluctuations are quite large and the ft has been confirmed . in contrast , experiments for mesoscopic quantum systems were lacking until very recently . let us now discuss the implications of ft for mesoscopic systems . the first experimental test of the ft applied to single - electron transport has been performed recently in ref . a system of two coupled quantum dots in a 2deg at the gaas / algaas interface was operated in the coulomb blockade regime . ( the single - electron charging energy of a single dot was of ", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.1714264452457428, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The ft is a fundamentally important theory for single - electron transport. It has been recently proved in a classical experiment, as well as in other related ones performed at room temperature. We present an experimental test of the eigenvalues of the fluctuation theorem applied to single - Electron transport, which is based on the jarzynski equality.", "reference_summary": "experiments on the direction - resolved full - counting statistics of single - electron tunneling allow testing the fundamentally important fluctuation theorem ( ft ) . at the same time , the ft provides a frame for analyzing such data . here we consider tunneling through a double quantum dot system which is coupled capacitively to a quantum point contact ( qpc ) detector . fluctuations of the environment , including the shot noise of the qpc , lead to an enhancement of the effective temperature"}
{"id": "paper_132", "title": "Undersampled images , such as those produced by the _ hst _ wfpc-2 , misrepresent fine - scale...", "text": "it s nice to work with well - sampled astronomical images . a well - sampled image can be readily resampled to various scales , orientations , or more complex geometries without loss of information . its spatial resolution is well - understood , permitting a clear analysis of the relative contributions of information and noise . further , many image processing algorithms will only work on well - sampled data . in some cases , however , it s not practical or even desirable to obtain well - sampled images . given detectors with a finite number of pixels and significant readout noise , one may prefer to trade - off resolution for increased field size or photometric sensitivity . both considerations were central to the design of the _ hst _ wfpc-1 and wfpc-2 cameras , to give examples of instruments that produce undersampled astronomical images . wfpc-2 in particular has generated the largest library of high - resolution optical astronomical images to date , but ironically the severe undersampling in the wfc system , and the still less than critical sampling of the pc at all but the reddest wavelengths , limit the resolution of _ hst _ observations as much as the telescope optics , themselves . there is no magic that can undo the undersampling in a single image ; analysis of such data always requires respect for their peculiarities . at the same time , it may be possible to obtain additional observations with the same camera system that contain information lost in the original images . for example , if the camera can be offset by a fraction of a pixel over a sequence of exposures or `` dithered , '' one can observe how the structure of objects in the image varies with respect to their positions on the pixel - grid , and thus recover details not contained in any single image . this suggests that one might construct a well - sampled super - image from a set of undersampled , but dithered images . in general , when the size of a pixel is important with respect to the intri", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.1781449317932129, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a method for obtaining well - sampled astronomical images from a set of undersampled but dithered images. The method is based on the _ hst _ ( wfpc ) system, which has been used to produce high - resolution optical astronomy images, and is a good example of an instrument that can be used to obtain well - samples of astronomic data. We show that this technique can be applied to a wide range of spectral parameters, including the pixel.", "reference_summary": "undersampled images , such as those produced by the _ hst _ wfpc-2 , misrepresent fine - scale structure intrinsic to the astronomical sources being imaged . analyzing such images is difficult on scales close to their resolution limits and may produce erroneous results . a set of `` dithered '' images of an astronomical source generally contains more information about its structure than any single undersampled image , however , and may permit reconstruction of a `` superimage '' with nyquist sam"}
{"id": "paper_133", "title": "We investigate all feasible mathematical representations of disformal transformations on a space -...", "text": "the study of new kinds of symmetries associated with equations of motion is crucial in modern physics , since it can elucidate hidden features there and help us find new nontrivial solutions to the involved equations . we quote noether s theorem , gauge choices and the theory of the angular momentum operators , as some important examples from a lengthy list describing physical properties of a given system that can circumvent the cumbersomeness of solving equations of motion . the same reasoning can be applied to disformal transformations . the increasing literature on this issue has revealed new physics beyond bekenstein s initial proposal . motivated by the results we have previously obtained in ref . , we show here that disformal transformations can be defined not only as purely geometric transformations , but they allow for distinct representations ( algebraic , geometric and group ) in general . in this way , we gather each mathematical aspect of disformal transformations of metric tensors in a unique object . by constructing an abstract operator acting upon the tangent spaces of a manifold , it is possible to see that it takes the form of a space - time geometry , a genuine algebraic tensor or a group element . this unified description of the disformal maps shall be illustrated by means of the diagrams in sec . [ secmach ] . the aforesaid operator singles out a preferred vector field ( or a set of ) to deform a previously defined tetrad frame . therefore , depending on the choice of a such vector , the physical notions of time , energy and momentum can be altered . as we shall see later , new trends in quantum - gravity phenomenology , for instance ref . , point to this direction . naturally , one can also interpret the new formalism developed here for disformal transformations as purely mathematical ; nevertheless this is already sufficient to attract attention on its own . notwithstanding , from the physical point of view , there has been a growing interest i", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Philosophy", "topic_confidence": 0.16805292665958405, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new formalism for disformal transformations of metric tensors. The new formality is based on the theory of angular momentum operators, which are a set of algebraic and geometric representations, in general. It is shown that these representations can be defined as algebraic, geometric and group elements.", "reference_summary": "we investigate all feasible mathematical representations of disformal transformations on a space - time metric according to the action of a linear operator upon the manifold s tangent and cotangent bundles . the geometric , algebraic and group structures of this operator and their interfaces are analyzed in detail . then , we scrutinize a possible physical application , providing a new covariant formalism for a phenomenological approach to quantum gravity known as rainbow gravity ."}
{"id": "paper_134", "title": "Mechanism of nuclear reactions on au induced by b ions at energies above coulomb barrier was...", "text": "the study of nucleon - nucleus and nucleus - nucleus collisions is a source of experimental data , which are extremely important for scientific and technological application . there are multiple questions addressed in the context of e.g. , design of accelerator driven systems of energy amplification and nuclear waste utilization , astrophysical studies , radiological safety , etc . which can not be answered without knowledge of collision cross section . a typical characteristics of the nuclear structure of interacting nuclei can be revealed at energies near the coulomb barrier . particularly , the study of reaction mechanism concerning complete fusion ( cf ) and incomplete fusion ( icf ) , as well as the transition between them is important in the view of understanding the interplay between such two dominant modes of the nuclear interaction . in the frame of the dynamic model , during the amalgamation of the projectile with target nucleus the complete - fusion cross section reaches a maximum at the energy for which the angular momentum , imparted to the target in the entrance reaction channel , lower than some critical value , . according to the model , above this critical momentum the collision become more peripheral and compound system can not exist . with increasing the incident energy , incomplete fusion channels , when the different parts of the projectile can captured by the target , become more probable . among the reaction products there are some , which are originated due to two different mechanisms : projectile break - up and nucleon coalescence during the thermalization of the composite nuclei produced in the complete and incomplete fusion . this processes are assumed to be a peripheral and at considerable low excitation energy in the course of the interaction target and projectile . in the work it was observed the increasing of icf contribution at high energies and angular momentum , imparted to the system , exceeding the limit value for fusion process w", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.1678934246301651, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We study the reaction mechanism of nucleon - nucleus and nucleu - nuclear collisions at high energies. In this work, we observe the increasing of icf contribution at high energy and angular momentum imparted to the system, exceeding the limit value for fusion process w.", "reference_summary": "mechanism of nuclear reactions on au induced by b ions at energies above coulomb barrier was studied by induced - activity method and -spectroscopy . the cross sections of the reaction fragments from au induced by b ions were measured at bombarding energies 137.5 and 255.5 mev . the fission process was investigated by using multimodal fission approach at the energy 137.5 mev , and pure symmetric distribution at 255.5 mev . it was observed that the transferred linear momentum provides the informa"}
{"id": "paper_135", "title": "Two spin - dependent structure functions and for the inclusive spin - half baryon production in...", "text": "in the development of our understanding of the hadron production mechanism , the inclusive one - particle production by electron - positron annihilation plays the same role as the deeply inelastic scattering does in our learning of the nucleon structures . experimentally , a number of electron - positron colliders have been operated and will be constructed at various center of mass energies . on the theoretical side , a series of parton fragmentation functions have been identified by jaffe and ji , which characterize the information about the inclusive hadron production . therefore , it is worthwhile to explore the possibility to measure them , expecially those spin - dependent ones , by the inclusive one - particle production in electron - positron annihilation . to study spin physics related to the inclusive spin - half baryon production , it is usually needed to monitor the polarization of the produced particles . if we are restricted with the inclusive hyperon production , it is quite feasible to measure the polarization of the produced particles . in fact , a series of experiments have already been done at fermilab measuring the polarization of the inclusive hyperons in fixed - target experiments . we also note that some preliminary results on the measurement of the polarization at cern lep have been existent as well . because what can be accessed directly by experiments are structure functions , we explore in this paper the relation between and , two spin - dependent structure functions for the inclusive spin - half baryon production by electron - positron annihilation , and the quark fragmentation functions defined by jaffe and ji . without loss of any generalities , we consider the inclusive hyperon production for among the hyperons the particle is of the largest production cross section and its polarization is the easiest to measure . the advantages of measuring the polarization of the inclusive hyperon are also realized by several groups of authors in diff", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17006930708885193, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We study the polarization of the inclusive spin - half baryon production by electron - positron annihilation in fixed - target experiments. We consider the inclusion hyperon production for among the hyperons the particle is of the largest production cross section and its polarizing is the easiest to measure.", "reference_summary": "two spin - dependent structure functions and for the inclusive spin - half baryon production in electron - positron annihilation are studied in the context of qcd factorization as well as in the naive quark parton model . as a result , it is found that the sum of and is related to and , two quark fragmentation functions defined by jaffe and ji . in connection with the measurement of quark fragmentation functions , the possible phenomenological consequences are discussed . spin - dependent struct"}
{"id": "paper_136", "title": "Nonequilibrium states induced by an applied bias voltage and the corresponding current - voltage...", "text": "nonlinear conduction in correlated electron systems such as one - dimensional mott insulators and two - dimensional charge - ordered materials has been of great interest in the past few decades . they offer intriguing subjects of nonequilibrium physics in condensed matter and possibility for novel functions of electronic devices . for example , in a typical quasi - one - dimensional mott insulator , srcuo, a dielectric breakdown has been observed experimentally by applying a strong electric field . a dielectric breakdown has been reported also in an organic spin - peierls insulator , k - tcnq [ tcnq = tetracyanoquinodimethane ] . for another organic compound , ( bedt - ttf)(ftcnq ) [ bedt - ttf = bis(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene ] , which is a quasi - one - dimensional mott insulator , metal - insulator - semiconductor field - effect transistor device structures have been reported, where its field - effect characteristics are different from those of band insulators. so far , theoretical investigations on nonlinear conduction for interacting electron systems that are initially insulating in their equilibrium states have been done by several authors. in general , these studies are classified into two approaches depending on whether an external force is written as an electric field or a bias voltage. the former approach is to consider electron systems without electrodes . the electric field is usually applied with open boundary condition, or equivalently with periodic boundary condition by using a time - dependent magnetic flux. in one dimension , oka and aoki studied the hubbard model under a strong electric field by the time - dependent density - matrix - renormalization - group method. one of their important results is that the dielectric breakdown of mott insulators is interpreted as a many - body counterpart of the landau - zener ( lz ) breakdown. this is known to describe the breakdown of band insulators where the one - particle picture holds . the threshold", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.1897364854812622, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We study the dielectric breakdown of mott insulators under a strong electric field by the time - dependent density - matrix - renormalization - group method. The di Electric breakdown is interpreted as a many - body counterpart of the landau - Zener breakdown in band insulator, where the one - particle picture holds.", "reference_summary": "nonequilibrium states induced by an applied bias voltage and the corresponding current - voltage characteristics of one - dimensional models describing band and mott insulators are investigated theoretically by using nonequilibrium green s functions . we attach the models to metallic electrodes whose effects are incorporated into the self - energy . modulation of the electron density and the scalar potential coming from the additional long - range interaction are calculated self - consistently w"}
{"id": "paper_137", "title": "In standard treatments the eddington luminosity is calculated by assuming that the electron -...", "text": "the eddington luminosity plays a fundamental role in our understanding of accretion phenomena and , as a consequence , of the agn physics and evolution . in turn , it is also clear that agns played a central role in galaxy formation , as testified by several empirical scaling relations between the mass of the supermassive bhs at the center of stellar spheroids ( i.e. , bulges and elliptical galaxies ) and global properties of the spheroids themselves . in standard treatments eddington luminosity is calculated by assuming that the electron - photon cross section is well described by the _ electron scattering _ thompson cross section . here we discuss the modifications to this simple picture by taking into account _ _ opacity also : due to the dependence of emission on the _ square _ of the gas density , it follows that the associated absorption cross section increases _ linearly _ with the gas density , so that eddington luminosity is correspondingly reduced . it is then expected that this opacity source will be important in the range spanned by _ cold accretion solutions _ ( see , park & ostriker 1999 ) . these high - density conditions were certainly present at the epoch of galaxy formation , thus a quantitative estimate of the reduction of eddington luminosity as a function of ambient gas density and temperature is of direct interest when modeling the early stages of galaxy formation ( see , e.g. , haiman , ciotti & ostriker 2003 ) . in the following discussion we often refer to formulae provided in ciotti , ostriker & pellegrini ( 2003 , hereafter cop ) : eq . ( 1 ) there will be indicated as cop1 , and so on . let be the bolometric luminosity associated with an accretion rate of , where is the accretion efficiency and is the speed of light . the _ momentum transfer _ to the gas electrons per unit time , frequency and volume at the radius is given by ( e.g. , see krolik 1999 ) : where is the number of photon electron interactions as given in cop1 , is the electro", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17688851058483124, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a quantitative estimate of the eddington luminosity associated with an accretion rate of, where is the accrescence efficiency and is the speed of light. The bolometric luminosities are calculated by taking into account the opacity, which is a factor of the gas density. In this paper we discuss the modifications to the simple picture by taking in account _ _ the _ electron scattering _ cross section. We also consider the dependence of the absorption cross section on the gas densities, as well as the.", "reference_summary": "in standard treatments the eddington luminosity is calculated by assuming that the electron - photon cross section is well described by the thomson cross section which is gray ( frequency independent ) . here we discuss some consequence of the introduction of free - free opacity in the eddington luminosity computation : in particular , due to the dependence of emission on the _ square _ of the gas density , it follows that the associated absorption cross section increases _ linearly _ with the g"}
{"id": "paper_138", "title": "We numerically model fragmentation of a gravitationally unstable gaseous disc under conditions that...", "text": "there is no detailed understanding of how super - massive black holes ( smbhs ) gain their mass , except that it must be mainly through gaseous disc accretion . the standard accretion disc model shows that accretion discs must be quite massive and cold at `` large '' ( sub - parsec in this context ) distances from the smbh . many theorists pointed out that these discs should be unstable to self - gravity , and thus must form stars or giant planets by gravitational fragmentation ( e.g. , * ? ? ? * ; * ? ? ? * ; * ? ? ? * ; * ? ? ? * ; * ? ? ? * ; * ? ? ? this creates a dilemma for the field , as star formation might be a dynamical , very fast process which may result in a complete transformation of the gas into stars . the smbh would then be starved of fuel . have recently demonstrated that star formation can not be quenched by stellar feedback , unless one is prepared to grossly violate constraints that we have from agn spectra . suggested that the feeding of smbhs proceeds via direct accretion of low angular momentum gas that settles in a small scale disc . such a disc would be too hot to allow star formation . the size of this `` no - star - formation region '' is pc , and is weakly dependent on the smbh mass . however , one realistically expects that an even larger amount of gas settles at larger radii where it could collapse and form stars , or it could accrete on the smbh . therefore the fate of these self - gravitating discs is still very much interesting . current observations provide new impetus for theoretical work on the topic . have shown that many galaxies host `` extremely compact nuclei '' ( ecn ) star clusters located in the very central parsec of galaxies . closer to home , in the centre of our galaxy , about a hundred massive young stars , mostly arranged into two stellar discs of .5 parsec scale , circle the super - massive black hole named sgr a . these stars are suspected to have been formed in situ , as evidenced by the lack of stars outside the", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.18538646399974823, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new model for the formation of super - massive black holes ( smbhs ) by direct accretion of gaseous discs in a small scale disk. This model is based on the assumption that the gas is a compact nuclei, and thus can be used to form stars or giant planets. We show that the accrescence of s spherical objects is dominated by a large number of ecn star clusters, which are located in the very central parsec of galaxie.", "reference_summary": "we numerically model fragmentation of a gravitationally unstable gaseous disc under conditions that may be appropriate for the formation of the young massive stars observed in the central parsec of our galaxy . in this study , we adopt a simple prescription with a locally constant cooling time . we find that , for cooling times just short enough to induce disc fragmentation , stars form with a top - heavy initial mass function ( imf ) , as observed in the galactic centre ( gc ) . for shorter coo"}
{"id": "paper_139", "title": "We investigate the phase structure of gauge theory in four and five dimensions with one compact...", "text": "now that the higgs - like particle has been discovered in large hadron collider ( lhc ) , one of primary interests of particle physics is to understand mechanism of dynamical electroweak symmetry breaking . to settle down the unsolved issues including the hierarchy problem , there have been proposed several promising courses including supersymmetric , composite - higgs and extra - dimensional models . among them , the gauge - higgs unification with extra dimensions produces brilliant dynamics of gauge symmetry breaking , called the hosotani mechanism , with the higgs particle as an extra - dimensional component of the gauge field : when adjoint fermions are introduced with periodic boundary condition ( pbc ) in gauge theory with a compact dimension , the compact - space component of the gauge field can develop a non - zero vacuum expectation value ( vev ) , which breaks the gauge symmetry to its subgroup spontaneously . this phenomenon originates in the non - abelian aharonov - bohm effect . there have been proposed a number of bsm models directly and indirectly based on this mechanism recently , the same phenomenon has been observed in a different context . as well - known , the imaginary time dimension is compacted in the finite - temperature ( quantum chromodynamics ) qcd . when the adjoint fermion is introduced with pbc in the theory , it was shown that exotic phases appear , where the color trace of polyakov line takes non - trivial vev leading to the dynamical gauge symmetry breaking . this can be interpreted as realization of the hosotani mechanism . further study is now required to understand detailed properties and phase diagram for this case . as for the five - dimensional gauge theory on , lattice simulation is still at the stage to understand the nature of 5d pure yang - mills theory . first attempt was done in ref . and recent progress was shown in ref . . at the present , we have no detailed investigation on the phase structure of the five - dimensiona", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.1693543940782547, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We study the phase structure of the five - dimensiona in large hadron collider ( lhc ) by using the yang - mills theory. The x - ray photon is introduced with periodic boundary condition and the color trace of polyakov line takes non - trivial vev leading to the dynamical gauge symmetry breaking. We show that the vevac is not a non - zero vacuum expectation value, but a ve - like component of the gauge field.", "reference_summary": "we investigate the phase structure of gauge theory in four and five dimensions with one compact dimension by using perturbative one - loop and pnjl - model - based effective potentials , with emphasis on spontaneous gauge symmetry breaking . when adjoint matter with the periodic boundary condition is introduced , we have rich phase structure in the quark - mass and compact - size space with gauge - symmetry - broken phases , called the split and the re - confined phases . our result is qualitati"}
{"id": "paper_140", "title": "We consider ( generalized ) kolakoski sequences on an alphabet with two even numbers", "text": "a one - sided infinite sequence over the alphabet is called a ( classical ) _ kolakoski sequence _ ( named after w. kolakoski who introduced it in 1965 , see ) , if it equals the sequence defined by its run lengths , e.g. : here , a _ run _ is a maximal subword consisting of identical letters . the sequence is the only other sequence which has this property . one way to obtain of ( [ eq : kol ] ) is by starting with as a seed and iterating the two substitutions alternatingly , i.e. , substitutes letters on even positions and letters on odd positions ( we begin counting at ) : clearly , the iterates converge to the kolakoski sequence ( in the obvious product topology ) , and is the unique ( one - sided ) fixed point of this iteration . one can generalize this by choosing a different alphabet ( we are only looking at alphabets with ) . such a ( generalized ) kolakoski sequence , which is also equal to the sequence of its run lengths , can be obtained by iterating the two substitutions alternatingly . here , the starting letter of the sequence is . we will call such a sequence a kolakoski- sequence , or kol for short . the classical kolakoski sequence of ( [ eq : kol ] ) is therefore denoted by kol ( and by kol ) . while little is known about the classical kolakoski sequence ( see ) , and the same holds for all kol with odd and even or vice versa ( see ) , the situation is more favorable if and are either both even or both odd . if both are odd , one can , in some cases , rewrite the substitution as a substitution of pisot type ( see ) , which can be described as ( limit ) aperiodic model sets . by this method , kol is studied in and shown to be a deformed model set . the case where both symbols are even will be studied below . it is the aim of this article to determine structure and order of the sequences kol . this will require two steps : first we establish an equivalent substitution of constant length for kol and analyze it with methods known from the theory of dyn", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.16855910420417786, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We study the classical kolakoski sequence of ( [ eq: kol ] ) by iterating the two substitutions alternatingly, i. E., substituting letters on even positions and letters on odd positions. This is done by using the koloski- koleos, which are a generalized model set. We show that the _ koliosi _ is a deformed model set with both odd and odd positions and that the same can be said for all kol with odd and.", "reference_summary": "we consider ( generalized ) kolakoski sequences on an alphabet with two even numbers . they can be related to a primitive substitution rule of constant length . using this connection , we prove that they have pure point dynamical and pure point diffractive spectrum , where we make use of the strong interplay between these two concepts . since these sequences can then be described as model sets with -adic internal space , we add an approach to `` visualize '' such internal spaces ."}
{"id": "paper_141", "title": "The stable clustering hypothesis is a fundamental assumption about the nonlinear clustering of...", "text": "the stable clustering hypothesis is a basic assumption in cosmology about the nonlinear clustering of cosmic matter ( ) . it states that the mean physical separations of particles in highly non - linear regions do not change with the expansion of the universe . in terms of the scale factor and the comoving coordinates , the hypothesis equivalently states that the relative pair velocity in the comoving coordinates cancels out the hubble flow , i.e. based on this assumption plus self - similarity , it is predicted that 1 ) the power - law index of the two - point correlation function on sufficiently small scales is related to the power - law index of the linear power spectrum as , and 2 ) the n - point correlation functions scale with as ( , , , , , , , ) . based on the first prediction for clustering on small scale and the linear theory prediction for large scale , a phenomenological fitting formula has been found for the nonlinear power spectrum ( , , , , ) . this fitting formula has been applied to study a wide range of non - linear clustering problems , notably the gravitational lensing and the non - linear clustering of galaxies . there have been many attempts to verify the stable clustering hypothesis with numerical n - body simulations . in their seminal work , efstathiou et al . ( ) tested the hypothesis [ eq.([eq1 ] ) ] and its two predictions with a set of scale - free n - body simulations of particles . they concluded that their simulation results are consistent with the hypothesis , but it is not difficult to imagine that the accuracy they could achieve is quite limited for the limited resolution of this first generation of simulations . subsequently , many improved simulations with to particles have been used to solve this problem ( e.g. , , , , and and references therein ) . as shown by jain ( 1997 ; his fig.2 , fig.3 and fig.8 ) , his simulation results of the mean pair velocity have just approached the stable clustering condition [ eq.([eq1 ] ) ] at th", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.1731226146221161, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a numerical simulation of the nonlinear power spectrum with to particles. Our results are consistent with the stable clustering hypothesis and with the linear theory prediction for large scales. We also show that the accuracy of our simulations is quite limited for the limited resolution of this first generation of simulations, which is based on the phenomenological fitting formula.", "reference_summary": "the stable clustering hypothesis is a fundamental assumption about the nonlinear clustering of matter in cosmology . it states that the mean physical separation of particles is a constant on sufficiently small scales . while many authors have attempted to test the hypothesis with cosmological n - body simulations , no consensus has been reached on whether and where the hypothesis is valid , because of the limited dynamical range that this type of simulations can achieve . in this _ letter _ , we"}
{"id": "paper_142", "title": "Merging binary neutron stars ( bnss ) represent the ultimate targets for multimessenger astronomy ,...", "text": "with the discovery of binary black hole ( bh ) mergers by the laser interferometer gravitational wave observatory ( ligo ) , the era of gravitational wave ( gw ) astronomy and multimessenger astronomy including gws has begun . as the advanced ligo and virgo detectors approach design sensitivity in the next few years , exciting discoveries are expected to be made , including binary neutron star ( bns ) and ns bh mergers . due to the absence of baryonic matter in these systems , stellar - mass binary bh mergers are not expected to produce bright electromagnetic ( em ) counterparts to their gw signal ( but see , e.g. , ) . instead , mergers involving nss are expected to link the em and gw skies . furthermore , these mergers are also of wide interest as they offer a unique opportunity to constrain the equation of state ( eos ) of matter at supranuclear densities ( e.g. , ) and provide a prime candidate astrophysical site for the production of heavy elements in the universe , via r - process nucleosynthesis in the matter ejected during and possibly after merger ( e.g. , ) . mergers involving nss are expected to generate em emission across the entire em spectrum and over a variety of timescales . detection of em counterparts will enable the identification of the host galaxy and its position within / relative to the host , which will provide valuable information on binary formation channels , age of the stellar population , and supernova birth kicks . additionally , by measuring redshifts , em counterparts can determine the distance to the source and help alleviate degeneracies in the gw parameter estimation between distance and inclination of the binary . moreover , combined gw and em observations can prove the connection between short gamma - ray bursts ( sgrbs ) and bns or ns - bh mergers ( see below ) , revealing crucial information on when and how a sgrb can be produced . finally , even without a gw detection , em counterparts can reveal exclusive information on the v", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.1842852383852005, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new method for the detection of short gamma - ray bursts ( sgrbs ) in binary neutron star ( bns, ns and bh mergers. This technique is used to detect short - wavelength gam - radiation bursties ( gr ), which are expected to produce em emission across the entire spectrum and over a variety of timescales; however, the e - emission can be detected by using a single - source -.", "reference_summary": "merging binary neutron stars ( bnss ) represent the ultimate targets for multimessenger astronomy , being among the most promising sources of gravitational waves ( gws ) , and , at the same time , likely accompanied by a variety of electromagnetic counterparts across the entire spectrum , possibly including short gamma - ray bursts ( sgrbs ) and kilonova / macronova transients . numerical relativity simulations play a central role in the study of these events . in particular , given the importan"}
{"id": "paper_143", "title": "The exclusive meson production in a proton - nucleus collision , leading to two body final states ,...", "text": "hypernuclei have been studied extensively by stopped as well as in - flight reaction and also by reaction . the kinematical properties of the reaction allow only a small momentum transfer to the nucleus , thus there is a large probability of populating -substitutional states in the residual hypernucleus . on the other hand , in the reaction the momentum transfer is larger than the nuclear fermi momentum . therefore , this reaction can populate configurations with an outer neutron hole and a hyperon in a series of orbits covering all bound states . during past years data on the hypernuclear spectroscopy have been used extensively to extract information about the hyperon - nucleon interaction ( which could be quite different from the nucleon - nucleon interaction ) within a variety of theoretical approaches ( see , e.g. , ) . alternatively , -hypernuclei can also be produced with high intensity proton beams via the reaction where the hypernucleus has the same neutrons and proton numbers as the target nucleus . first set of data for this reaction on deuterium and helium targets , have already been reported in ref . more such measurements involving heavier targets are expected to be performed at the cosy facility of the forschungszentrum , jlich . the states of the hypernucleus excited in the reaction may have a different type of configuration as compared to those excited in the reaction . thus a comparison of informations extracted from the study of two reactions is likely to lead to a better understanding of the hypernuclear structure . theoretical studies of the reaction are rather sparse and preliminary in nature . they are based on two main approaches ; the one - nucleon model ( onm ) [ fig . 1(a ) ] and the two - nucleon model ( tnm ) [ fig . 1(b ) and 1(c ) ] . in the onm the incident proton first scatters from the target nucleus and emits a ( off - shell ) kaon and a hyperon . subsequently , the kaon rescatters into its mass shell while the hyperon gets captured", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17503078281879425, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a comparison of the results obtained from the two - nucleon model ( onm ) and the two- nuCLEON model ( tnm ), which are based on the one - neutron model. The two approaches are derived using the same data as the one in the first approach. We show that the two methods can be used to extract information about the hypernuclear structure.", "reference_summary": "the exclusive meson production in a proton - nucleus collision , leading to two body final states , is investigated in a fully covariant two - nucleon model based on the effective lagrangian picture . the explicit kaon production vertex is described via creation , propagation and decay into relevant channel of (1650 ) , (1710 ) and (1720 ) intermediate baryonic states in the initial collision of the projectile nucleon with one of its target counterparts which is modeled by the one - pion exchang"}
{"id": "paper_144", "title": "In this note , we first discuss some properties of generated -fields and a simple approach to the...", "text": "the role of -fields in probability and statistics is well known . a -field generated by a class of subsets of a give space , also known as the generated -field , is defined to be the intersection of all -fields containing that class . however , a constructive approach to obtain the -field generated by finite number of subsets has not been well studied in the literature . indeed , no easy constructive method is available . it is a challenging task to construct a -field generated by , say , four arbitrary subsets and to know its exact cardinality . given a finite class of -distinct sets ( see definition 2.2 ) which are also atoms , we discuss a simple approach to obtain the generated -field based on the partition induced by the given class and then look at the -field generated by this partition . in this direction , we first obtain the cardinality of the induced partition by a finite class of such sets . using this result , we obtain the cardinality of the generated -field . when all members of the induced partition are non - empty , the cardinality of the generated -field is , a known result in the literature ( see ash and doleans - dade ( 2000 ) , p 457 ) . let denote the set of real numbers . then the cardinality of ( also called cardinality of the continuum ) is given by where is the cardinality of the set of natural numbers . one of the fascinating results in measure theory is that there is no -field whose cardinality is countably infinite . in other words , the cardinality of a -field can be either finite or equal to ( uncountable ) ( billingsley ( 1995 ) , p. 34 ) . our focus is on the cardinality of a -field , generated by a finite class of sets , and to show that it assumes only particular values within a fixed range . to the best of our knowledge , this problem has been addressed only for some special cases ( ash and doleans - dade ( 2000 ) , p. 11 ) . several typical examples are discussed to bring out the nature of the finitely generated -fields . an algor", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.16497081518173218, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We study the cardinality of a finite class of sets generated by a given partition and then look at the -field generated by this partition. In this way, we obtain the cardinality of the partition induced by a set of natural numbers. The cardinateness of the generated - field is obtained by where is the cardineality of the set of real numbers, which is, a known result in the literature.", "reference_summary": "in this note , we first discuss some properties of generated -fields and a simple approach to the construction of finite -fields . it is shown that the -field generated by a finite class of -distinct sets which are also atoms , is the same as the one generated by the partition induced by them . the range of the cardinality of such a generated -field is explicitly obtained . some typical examples and their complete forms are discussed . we discuss also a simple algorithm to find the exact cardina"}
{"id": "paper_145", "title": "We present a publicly - available spectral model for thermal x - ray emission from a baryonic jet...", "text": "launching of relativistic outflows from inner regions of an accretion disc is one the basic predictions of the standard theory of disc accretion for specific regimes when radiation alone is not efficient enough to carry away all the liberated potential energy of the in - falling matter . although there are numerous indications of such outflows both in x - ray binary systems ( xrb ) and active galactic nuclei ( agn ) , their actual composition ( leptonic or baryonic ) as well as the corresponding launching mechanisms ( magnetic field vs. radiation pressure driven ) still remain unclear ( ; see also and for recent reviews in the context of xrbs and agn , respectively ) . while leptonic models are typically successful in describing the observed emission as having a primarily synchrotron origin , the existence of some baryonic loading is also frequently invoked to explain the high jet kinetic power required to produce and maintain large - scale cavities or cocoons associated with xrbs and agns . the main evidence for the existence of baryonic jets comes , however , from the outstanding galactic x - ray binary system ss 433 , whose x - ray emission is marked by pairs of oppositely doppler - shifted ( ) lines of highly ionised heavy elements on top of the thermal bremsstrahlung continuum with kev , while its optical emission also bears similar signatures of doppler - shifted lines of hydrogen and helium ( e.g. ) . these peculiar properties are attributed to a pair of strongly collimated ( the half - opening angle ) , mildly - relativistic ( the bulk velocity ) precessing jets of ordinary highly ionised plasma with almost solar abundance of elements ( see for a review ) . according to the standard multi - temperature model , the x - ray jets first become visible when their temperature is kev and then cool below kev as a result of adiabatic expansion , which allows a number of ionization stages of various elements to contribute to the net observed spectrum . by now , ss 433", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17855040729045868, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new model for the launching of relativistic outflows from inner regions of an accretion disc. This model is based on a combination of two different models, which are characterized by a pair of strongly collimated ( half - opening angle ) jets with almost solar abundance of elements. The jets are accompanied by ionisation stages of various elements and their mass distributions. We show that the jet kinetic power required to produce large cavities or cocoons associated with x - ray binary systems is largely due.", "reference_summary": "we present a publicly - available spectral model for thermal x - ray emission from a baryonic jet in an x - ray binary system , inspired by the microquasar ss 433 . the jet is assumed to be strongly collimated ( half - opening angle ) and mildly relativistic ( bulk velocity ) . its x - ray spectrum is found by integrating over thin slices of constant temperature , radiating in optically thin coronal regime . the temperature profile along the jet and corresponding differential emission measure di"}
{"id": "paper_146", "title": "Disc accretion to a rotating star with a non - dipole magnetic field is investigated for the first...", "text": "many accreting stars have a strong magnetic field which disrupts the accretion disc and channels accreting matter to the star s surface . for such stars many spectral and photometric properties are determined by the magnetic field . examples include young solar - type stars ( classical t tauri stars , hereafter ctts , e.g. , hartmann 1994 ) , neutron stars in binary systems ( x - ray pulsars and millisecond pulsars , e.g. ghosh & lamb 1978 ; chakrabarty et al . 2003 ) , white dwarfs in the binary systems ( cataclysmic variables , e.g. wickramasinghe et al . 1991 ; warner 1995 , 2000 ) , and also brown dwarfs ( e.g. , scholz & ray 2006 ) . the properties of such accretion will depend on the structure of the magnetic field of the star . in early models it was assumed that the star s intrinsic magnetic field was a pure _ dipole _ ( ghosh & lamb 1979a , b ; camenzind 1990 ; knigl 1991 ) . recently , 2d and full 3d mhd numerical simulations of magnetospheric accretion were performed which confirmed many predicted features and revealed many new details of accretion to a star with a dipole field ( romanova et al . 2002 , 2003 , 2004 ; long et al . 2005 ; kulkarni & romanova 2005 ) . different aspects of the disc - magnetosphere interaction were also investigated numerically ( hayashi et al . 1996 ; hirose et al . 1997 ; miller , & stone 1997 ; goodson , winglee & bhm 1997 , 1999 ; von rekowski & brandenburg 2004 , 2006 ) and theoretically ( e.g. , lovelace , romanova & bisnovatyi - kogan 1995 ; uzdensky , knigl & litwin 2002 ; matt & pudritz 2004 , 2005 ) . however , the actual configuration of the magnetic field of strongly magnetized stars may depart from the dipole one . for example , safier ( 1998 ) presented a number of arguments pointing to a non - dipolar magnetic fields in some cttss . the zeeman measurements of the magnetic field of a number of cttss based on the photospheric lines show that the magnetic field at the surface of cttss is strong ( 1 - 3 kgs ) but no", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.19540946185588837, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a numerical simulation of the magnetic field of a young solar - type star with a dipole field. The model is based on the _ accretion disc _ and the accrescence disc. In this paper we investigate the magnetic fields of the stars, their structure and their photometric properties. We find that the magnetic - field interaction between the disk and the magnetosphere is strongly dependent on the magnetic energy of the star.", "reference_summary": "disc accretion to a rotating star with a non - dipole magnetic field is investigated for the first time in full three - dimensional ( 3d ) magnetohydrodynamic ( mhd ) simulations . we investigated the cases of ( 1 ) pure dipole , ( 2 ) pure quadrupole , and ( 3 ) dipole plus quadrupole fields . the quadrupole magnetic moment is taken to be parallel to the dipole magnetic moment , and both are inclined relative to the spin axis of the star at an angle . simulations have shown that in each case th"}
{"id": "paper_147", "title": "We present experimental and theoretical results of a detailed study of laser - induced continuum...", "text": "the properties of the continuum of quantum states observed in the photoionization of an atom or the dissociation of a molecule have attracted interest since the first formulations of quantum theory . until the widespread use of lasers , the continuum was regarded as a dissipative system , to be treated by means of rate equations ( typically using the approximation of the fermi golden rule to calculate the transition rate into the continuum ) . contemporary views no longer regard continuum states as an irreversible drain of probability . an electron acted upon by a laser field of sufficiently high frequency to produce ionization does not move irreversibly away from the binding region . laser interactions with a continuum have been shown to exhibit rabi - type oscillations ( if the laser field is sufficiently strong ) and to enable nearly complete population transfer into a continuum ( i.e. photoionization or photodissociation ) or from a continuum ( i.e. photorecombination ) . both theoretical and experimental work has shown that the wavefunction of an electron in a laser field may often maintain coherence during the course of photoionization , and that photodissociation can also maintain coherence . consequences of continuum coherence are to be found in the well - studied phenomena of autoionization , which is revealed as a resonance in plots of photoionization cross - sections versus frequency . such resonances display the effect of interference between two ionization channels whose destructive interference can lead to complete suppression of photoionization at a specific wavelength . one of the more interesting coherent phenomena involving the continuum is the use of a laser field to embed an autoionization resonance into an otherwise featureless photoionization continuum . this dressing of a continuum by a bound state by means of a laser field is termed a laser induced continuum structure \" ( lics ) . as with other types of resonances described by scattering theo", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.1761454939842224, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We study the properties of a laser field in photoionization and photodissociation by means of lics. We show that the wavefunction of an electron in a Laser field is maintained by the presence of rabi - type oscillations ( if the laser field is sufficiently strong ) and that photodisorption can also be observed.", "reference_summary": "we present experimental and theoretical results of a detailed study of laser - induced continuum structures ( lics ) in the photoionization continuum of helium out of the metastable state . the continuum dressing with a 1064 nm laser , couples the same region of the continuum to the 4s s state . the experimental data , presented for a range of intensities , show pronounced ionization suppression ( by as much as 70% with respect to the far - from - resonance value ) as well as enhancement , in a "}
{"id": "paper_148", "title": "We propose a new structural model for the si(111)-(5)-au reconstruction", "text": "forty years ago bishop and riviere first observed the ( 111 ) surface of silicon to reconstruct , with fivefold periodicity , in the presence of gold . since that time the si(111)-(5)-au reconstruction has been widely studied , in several hundred publications , as a prototype linear metallic chain system in which the physics of one - dimensional metals is approximately realized. these investigations have provided very substantial insights into many aspects of si(111)-(5)-au. less successful have been the many attempts to use the clues provided by experiment to construct a complete structural model for this complicated reconstruction . beginning with the early work of lelay over a dozen different models have been proposed. all were eventually found to be inconsistent with the results of scanning tunneling microscopy ( stm ) , angle - resolved photoemission spectroscopy ( arpes ) , or both . 2)-au with gold coverage equal to 0.6 monolayer . large yellow circles are gold , small circles are silicon . the surface layer consists of a gold single row ( s ) , gold double row ( d ) , and silicon honeycomb chain ( hc ) . the surface energy is minimized when this surface is decorated by silicon adatoms ( dark blue ) with 5 periodicity , as shown . in the presence of adatoms the 5 periodicity of the underlying substrate spontaneously doubles to 5 ( gray outline ) due to dimerization within the gold double row . [ model],width=302 ] in this paper we propose a new structural model for si(111)-(5)-au that is fully consistent with all experimental data to which we have compared . the model is similar to one proposed by erwin in 2003, but is modified to be consistent with a recently revised value of the gold coverage. the modifications , although seemingly minor , for the first time bring the predictions of the model for stm and arpes as well as other phenomena into excellent agreement with experiment . more importantly , the new model opens the door to a more fundamental physical ", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17564870417118073, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We propose a new structural model for si(111)-(5)-au that is fully consistent with all experimental data to which we have compared. The model is similar to one proposed by erwin in 2003, but is modified to be consistent with a recently revised value of the gold coverage.", "reference_summary": "we propose a new structural model for the si(111)-(5)-au reconstruction . the model incorporates a new experimental value of 0.6 monolayer for the coverage of gold atoms , equivalent to six gold atoms per 5 cell . five main theoretical results , obtained from first - principles total - energy calculations , support the model . ( 1 ) in the presence of silicon adatoms the periodicity of the gold rows spontaneously doubles , in agreement with experiment . ( 2 ) the dependence of the surface energy"}
{"id": "paper_149", "title": "Keldysh nonequilibrium green s function method is utilized to study theoretically the spin...", "text": "laser fields have been demonstrated to be a powerful tool for the exploration and modification of the materials properties . for example , in conventional semiconducting nanostructures a variety of applications have been established such as the various forms of the photo electronic devices ( e.g. , the radiation - controlled field - effect transistors , photodiodes , and the light - emitting diodes ) . on the other hand , graphene with its many unusual physical properties ( to mention but a few , the half integer quantum hall effect , the klein tunneling and the conductance properties ) offers a new platform to explore radiation effects . the influence of electromagnetic fields on graphene has been recently a subject of intense research . particularly interesting examples are the linear response to and the frequency dependence of the conductivity , the photon - assisted transport , the microwave and far - infrared response , the plasmon spectrum , as well as the nonlinear response to the electromagnetic radiation . the potential applications of graphene in terahertz electronics were pointed out in refs. . the resonant interaction between graphene and an electromagnetic field may open a dynamical gap in the quasiparticle spectrum of graphene , which leads to a strong suppression of the quasiparticle transmission through a graphene p - n junction . however , a directed current without applying any dc bias voltage can be generated in certain conditions as a result of inelastic quasiparticle tunneling assisted by one- or two - photon absorptions . another way to generate a direct current is to use shaped , timely tuned electromagnetic pulses which also may generate a valley current . therefore , it seems possible to control the transport properties of diverse graphene tunneling structures by the variation of the strength and the frequency of the external radiation fields . on the other hand , the potential of graphene for spin - dependent transport ( spintronic ) applic", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17307935655117035, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new method to control the spin - dependent transport of graphene tunneling structures by using an external electromagnetic field. The proposed method is based on the resonant interaction between graphen and an electromagnetic field and the variation of the strength and frequency of the external radiation fields. We show that the direct current generated by the induced voltage can be controlled by the variation in the strength of the electromagnetic field or the frequency of a pulse.", "reference_summary": "keldysh nonequilibrium green s function method is utilized to study theoretically the spin polarized transport through a graphene spin valve irradiated by a monochromatic laser field . it is found that the bias dependence of the differential conductance exhibits successive peaks corresponding to the resonant tunneling through the photon - assisted sidebands . the multi photon processes originate from the combined effects of the radiation field and the graphene tunneling properties , and are show"}
{"id": "paper_150", "title": "We study the distant red galaxy ( drg , ) neighbour population of quasi stellar objects ( qsos )...", "text": "studies of large samples of distant galaxies are fundamental to provide a deeper insight in the formation and evolution of galaxies and systems of galaxies , such as clusters and groups . using measurements of galaxy clustering at one can test the predictions of cosmological models of structure formation and evolution . in the last years diverse photometric selection techniques have been developed in order to select high redshift galaxies . in particular the lyman break technique is an ideal method for selecting a large number of distant galaxies and for studying the large - scale distribution and properties of star - forming systems at high redshifts from multicolour optical data . this technique requires a high rest - frame far ultraviolet luminosity , and so will preferentially select galaxies with recent or unobscured active star - formation . a new near - infrared selection technique has been developed in recent years to select samples of galaxies at high redshifts . the distant red galaxies ( drgs , hereafter ) colour cut criterion ( , vega system ) is expected to select galaxies with prominent rest frame optical breaks , caused by the 3625 balmer - break or the 4000 ca ii h+k break . the balmer discontinuity at 3625 is strongest in a - type stars and the 4000 break is characteristic of coolers stars with types later than g0 and strong in giant and supergiant stars . van dokkum et al . ( 2003 ) found that the drg criterion selects galaxies with rest - frame optical colours similar to those of normal nearby galaxies . using deep mid - infrared observations with irac on the spitzer space telescope , found that 70% of the drgs are best described by dust - reddened star forming models and 30% are very well fit with old stellar population , passive star evolution galaxy models . by comparison of the stellar populations of dgrs to those obtain in lyman - break galaxies ( lbgs ) , found that the average mass - to light ratios ( ) of the drgs are about three times hig", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17977993190288544, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new near - infrared selection technique for the distant red galaxies ( drgs ) at high redshifts. This technique is designed to select large samples of galaxii with recently or unobscured active star - formation. Using deep mid - irac observations on the spitzer space telescope, we find that 70% of the ddrGs are best described by dust - reddened star forming models and 30% are very well fit with old stellar population, passive star evolution galaxy models.", "reference_summary": "we study the distant red galaxy ( drg , ) neighbour population of quasi stellar objects ( qsos ) selected from the sloan digital sky survey ( sdss ) in the redshift range . we perform a similar analysis for optically obscured agns ( i.e. with a limiting magnitude ) detected in the mid - infrared ( 24 m ) with the spitzer space telescope and a mean redshift in the flamingos extragalactic survey ( flamex ) . both qsos and obscured agn target samples cover 4.7 deg in the same region of the sky . we"}
{"id": "paper_151", "title": "We are investigating the sn 1987a remnant by modeling the circumstellar environment of the...", "text": "observations of the sn 1987a nebula give us the clues that we will need to model its structure . figure [ fig : hst87a ] shows an hst image of the nebula ( burrows et al . 1995 ) and a schematic diagram of the nebular structure . the hst image shows two of the salient features of the nebula : the inner and outer rings . the diagram shows a slice containing the symmetry axis . the inner ring lies in the equatorial plane at a radius of about lt yr and is expanding with a velocity of 10.3 km s ( crotts & heathcote 1991 ) , while the outer rings are at an angle of about 55 from the equatorial plane and an axial radius of about lt yr . a tenuous shell connects the inner and outer rings ( crotts , kunkel , & heathcote . 1995 ) , but the shell does not extend past the outer rings ; that is , the nebula is open along the symmetry axis . in an interacting winds model for the nebula , a fast , hot wind ejected during a blue supergiant phase overtakes a slow , dense wind ejected from a previous red supergiant phase . in order to produce the equatorial ring the rsg wind must be asymmetrical , with higher density at the equator and lower density at the symmetry axis . blondin & lundqvist ( 1993 ) performed numerical simulations of this interacting winds scenario for adiabatic and radiatively cooling gas . these simulations showed that the interacting winds model could produce the inner ring and the overall shape of the nebula . however , the blondin and lundqvist models did not produce the outer rings , and the shell in these models is complete all the way to the symmetry axis . therefore , the interacting wind models need some refinement if they are to describe the sn 1987a nebula . radio and x - ray observations of the nebula since 1990 provide additional information . these observations indicate that the supernova blast has encountered a region of density intermediate to the inner and outer winds ( gorenstein , hughes , & tucker 1994 ; beuermann , brandt , & pietsch 1994 ; st", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17360225319862366, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a numerical simulation of the sn 1987a nebula using a interacting winds model for adiabatic and radiatively cooling gas. The interacting wind is asymmetrical with higher density at the equator and lower density at symmetry axis. In this scenario, the rsg wind must be asymmetryal, with higher densities at the.", "reference_summary": "we are investigating the sn 1987a remnant by modeling the circumstellar environment of the progenitor star . interacting stellar winds models have been reasonably successful at reproducing the gross features of the nebula , but some details , such as the early rise of the radio and x - ray emission from the supernova blast and the presence of the outer rings , are not explained in a pure wind model . in this paper we describe preliminary results from 2-d models that incorporate the effects of ph"}
{"id": "paper_152", "title": "The behavior of small samples in very short and intense hard x - ray pulses is studied by molecular...", "text": "today s most important tool for structure determination is x - ray crystallography . this method works only on samples having spatial periodicity . however , there is a growing need for the determination of the atomic order of small non - periodic entities such as biomolecules , individual nanoparticles , atomic clusters etc . since in these systems the radiation damage is not distributed randomly among a huge number of identical units ( elementary cells in crystals ) , the average structure significantly changes with any single damage event . therefore the structure determination of these particles requires a different approach then that of crystalline substances . a solution , which avoids geometrical distortion was suggested by solem et al . and later it was extended to biomolecules by neutze et al . their idea was catalyzed by the construction of future x - ray free - electron lasers ( xfels ) , which will provide extremely bright hard x - ray beam with very short pulses . according to their reasoning elastically scattered photons should be collected during the very short and intense pulse of xfel s . although in long term the radiation damage is fatal ( the sample explodes ) , in extremely short times , the atoms of the sample do not move appreciately . limiting the collection of elastically scattered photons to this period we could obtain useful data for the original structure of the sample . the key question in this case is the dynamics of the sample explosion : how much time do we have for imaging ? various models have been worked out to describe the behavior of the sample in the beam . although the explosion dynamics predicted by these models slightly differ in details , but they all arrive at the same general conclusion : to do successful imaging with atomic resolution one needs shorter pulses then the pulse length of the presently constructed sources . since the realization of shorter pulses is not simple , there is a search for methods by which the usefu", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17829030752182007, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new method for the structure determination of non - periodic particles in x - ray crystallography. It is based on the usefu method, which allows to obtain very short pulses and a high energy density. The method is compared with the current method.", "reference_summary": "the behavior of small samples in very short and intense hard x - ray pulses is studied by molecular dynamics type calculations . the main emphasis is put on the effect of various tamper layers about the sample . this is discussed from the point of view of structural imaging of single particles , including not only the distortion of the structure but also the background conditions . a detailed picture is given about the coulomb explosion , with explanation of the tampering mechanism . it is shown"}
{"id": "paper_153", "title": "Single crystal nematic elastomers undergo a transition from a strongly ordered phase to an ``...", "text": "nematic rubbers were first constructed in a single domain form by h. finkelmann and coworkers . they show a spectacular change in shape when they are switched from low temperatures ( ) to high temperatures ( ) . many properties resulting from the coupling between nematic order and elastic deformations have been analyzed by m. warner , e. m. terentjev and coworkers . we are concerned here mainly by the transition from the nematic phase , to the high temperature phase . two striking facts should be mentioned here : ( a ) the transition is expected to be first order , but the plots of birefringence versus temperature are continuous . ( b ) the transition is very slow ( minutes ) . our aim here is to discuss some effects of the nematic / elastic coupling on the phase transition . first , we discuss the anisotropy induced by the preparation method . we show that this preparation imposes a fixed _ external field _ coupled to the order parameter : under this field the plots of order versus temperature are expected to be continuous . second , we analyze -jumps : for a cooling jump we find a traditional spinodal transition . but for a heating jump we show that the elastic couplings tend to suppress the spinodal instability . finally , we discuss the nucleation of an phase inside a nematic single crystal , and show that it should take place in the form of platelets , with well defined geometrical conditions . in the finkelmann scheme , a very weak network is prepared first , and is put under a prescribed deformation along one axis . then a second reaction is started and the final nematic rubber is generated . the basic energy for this situation is of the form where summation over the repeated indices is implied . for simplicity , we restrict our attention to small deformations . is the standard landau free energy of the nematic order , describes the coupling between deformation and order , and the last term is the shear elastic energy ( we consider only incompressible systems", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.16561532020568848, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We discuss the effects of nematic / elastic couplings on the phase transition from the nascent to the high temperature phase. In this paper we study the anisotropy induced by the preparation method, and show that it is expected to be first order, but the plots of birefringence versus temperature are continuous.", "reference_summary": "single crystal nematic elastomers undergo a transition from a strongly ordered phase to an `` isotropic '' phase . we show that : ( a ) samples produced under tension by the finkelmann procedure are intrinsically anisotropic and should show a small ( temperature dependent ) birefringence in the high temperature phase . ( b ) for the transition _ via _ cooling there is a spinodal limit but for the transition _ via _ heating there is no soft mode at the standard spinodal temperature . ( c ) the tr"}
{"id": "paper_154", "title": "The _ theory unifying spin and charges and predicting families _ , proposed by n", "text": "the _ theory unifying spin and charges and predicting families _ ( hereafter named the _ spin - charge - family - theory _ ) , proposed by n.s . manko bortnik , seems promising to show the right way beyond the _ standard model _ of fermions and bosons . the reader is kindly asked to learn more about this theory in the refs . and in the references therein . following analyses of the ref . , we here repeat the parts which are necessary for understanding the starting assumptions and the conclusions to which one loop corrections beyond the tree level lead . we look at the two loop corrections and present for the case that each group of four families would decouple into two times two families numerical results with two loop corrections as well . some of this results can be found in . the _ spin - charge - family - theory _ predicts eight massless families of quarks and leptons before the two successive breaks first from to and then from to . mass matrices originate in a simple starting action : they are determined on the tree level by nonzero vacuum expectation values of scalar ( with respect to ) fields , to which vielbeins and two kinds of spin connection fields contribute . one kind of the spin connection fields includes fields gauging , which are determined by the dirac gammas ( s ) , another kind gauges , determined by the second kind of gammas s , used in the _ spin - charge - family - theory _ to generate families . each of the two breaks is triggered by different ( orthogonal ) superposition of scalar fields . to the first break , besides vielbeins , only the spin connections of one kind contribute . to the second break all the scalar fields contribute . the mass matrices for eight families appear to be four times four by diagonal matrices , with no mixing matrix elements among the upper four and the lower four families ( not in comparison with the life of the universe ) also after the two breaks : the upper four families are namely doublets with respect to two i", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.16124854981899261, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The _ spin - charge - family - theory _ predicts eight massless families of quarks and leptons before the two successive breaks first from to and then from to. The mass matrices for eight families are four times four by diagonal matrics, with no mixing matrix elements among the upper four and the lower four families.", "reference_summary": "the _ theory unifying spin and charges and predicting families _ , proposed by n.s.m.b . , predicts at the low energy regime two ( in the mixing matrix elements decoupled ) groups of four families . there are two kinds of contributions to mass matrices in this theory . one kind distinguishes on the tree level only among the members of one family , that is among the -quark , -quark , neutrino and electron , the left and right handed , while the other kind distinguishes only among the families . m"}
{"id": "paper_155", "title": "The effect of plasma environment on the atomic energy levels of he - like and li - like mg and fe...", "text": "the emission spectra of helium - like ( he - like ) and lithium - like ( li - like ) ions have been observed in recent years both in astrophysical and laboratory plasmas . the x - ray spectra from these ions are observed from a large variety of astrophysical sources and laser plasma interactions . they are used to determine the primordial abundances of elements that are of immense interest for testing the big bang cosmology . detection of these lines using astronomy telescopes reveal many x - ray sources . also , the earth s atmosphere absorbs most of the radiation at the x - ray wavelengths , so its behavior and dynamics can be investigated by knowing these lines accurately . accurate determination of these lines have become very demanding in recent years with the advent of increasingly powerful x - ray satellite telescopes . the two most powerful telescopes to date are the chandra x - ray observatory , launched by nasa , in 1999 , and the x - ray multi - mirror ( xmm ) newton telescope , launched by the european space agency , recently . the astrosat satellite , launched last year by indian space research organization ( isro ) is also aiming at exploring the possible x - ray sources in the space . the international x - ray observatory is being planned to be launched in 2021 jointly by nasa , european space agency ( esa ) and japan aerospace exploration agency ( jaxa ) which can cover a large effective area to probe for the x - ray sources . this is why x - ray astronomy remains to be an active research area today . due to high spectral resolution and sensitivity of the current generation x - ray satellites chandra and xmm - newton , it is possible to resolve the he - like ion lines distinctly and use them in the diagnostics for extra - solar objects . indeed , the he - like ion line ratios are valuable tools in the analysis of high - resolution spectra of a variety of plasmas such as collisional ionization equilibrium ( cie ) plasmas or also called coronal plasmas", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17812173068523407, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new method to analyze the emission spectra of helium - like ( he -like ) and lithium - Like ( li - nice ) ions in the atmosphere using the x - ray multi - mirror ( xmm ) newton telescope. The he and l - similar lines are found to be very sensitive to the radiation at the spectral resolution of the current generation xMM - newtonal telescopes chandra and xm - neuenton, which is expected.", "reference_summary": "the effect of plasma environment on the atomic energy levels of he - like and li - like mg and fe ions have been studied using debye model . the equation - of - motion coupled - cluster ( eomcc ) and fock - space coupled - cluster ( fscc ) formalisms in the relativistic frame work have been adopted to describe the atomic states and the energy levels of the above plasma embedded ions . salient features of these methods have been described to account the two electron screening effects through the "}
{"id": "paper_156", "title": "Our aim in this paper is to establish some strong stability properties of a solution of a...", "text": "consider a fractional brownian motion ( fbm ) , a self - similar gaussian process with stationary increments . it was introduced by kolmogorov and studied by mandelbrot and van ness . the fbm with hurst parameter is a centered gaussian process with covariance function if , then the process is a standard brownian motion . when , is neither a semimartingale nor a markov process , so that many of the techniques employed in stochastic analysis are not available for an fbm . the self - similarity and stationarity of increments make the fbm an appropriate model for many applications in diverse fields from biology to finance . we refer to for details on these notions . consider the following stochastic differential equation ( sde ) where ^d ^d $ ] is a measurable function , and is a -dimensional fbm with hurst parameter whose components are one - dimensional independent fbms defined on a probability space } , p)$ ] , where the filtration }$ ] is generated by , $ ] , augmented by the -null sets . it has been proved in that if satisfies the assumption ; l^1 (^{d}) l^(^d)),\\ ] ] for , then eq . ( [ sde1 ] ) has a unique strong solution , which will be assumed throughout this paper . notice that if the drift coefficient is lipschitz continuous , then eq . ( [ sde1 ] ) has a unique strong solution , which is continuous with respect to the initial condition . moreover , the solution can be constructed using various numerical schemes . our purpose in this paper is to establish some stability results under the pathwise uniqueness of solutions and under weak regularity conditions on the drift coefficient . we mention that a considerable result in this direction has been established in when an fbm is replaced by a standard brownian motion . the paper is organized as follows . in section 2 , we introduce some properties , notation , definitions , and preliminary results . section 3 is devoted to the study of the variation of solution with respect to the initial data . in the last sec", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17251160740852356, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We consider a fractional brownian motion ( fbm ) with hurst parameter. The self - similarity and stationarity of increments make the fcm an appropriate model for many applications in diverse fields from biology to finance. We consider the following stochastic differential equation ( sde ) where l, l =, is a measurable function, and is -dimensional fdm with a stationary increase. It has been proved that if satisfies the assumption; l is l.", "reference_summary": "our aim in this paper is to establish some strong stability properties of a solution of a stochastic differential equation driven by a fractional brownian motion for which the pathwise uniqueness holds . the results are obtained using skorokhod s selection theorem . ./style / arxiv - vmsta.cfg fractional brownian motion , stochastic differential equations 60g15,60g22"}
{"id": "paper_157", "title": "Gamma ray bursts ( grbs ) have recently attracted much attention as a possible way to extend the...", "text": "the hubble diagram of type ia supernovae ( sneia ) provided the first evidence of the cosmic speed up opening the way to a flood of theoretical and observational efforts devoted to investigate the nature and the nurture of such a phenomenon . the astrophysical data coming from later sneia samples , baryonic acoustic oscillations , the anisotropy spectrum of cosmic microwave background radiation and the large scale structure data from large galaxy redshift surveys have strenghtened the then surprising result . as a consequence , there is nowadays little doubt that the universe is spatially flat , has a low matter content ( ) and is undergoing a phase of accelerated expansion . to close the energy budget and drive the cosmic speed up , a new fluid with negative pressure dubbed dark energy has been invoked as the only viable solution . understanding what dark energy really is stands out as one of the most fascinating problems of modern cosmology . roughly speaking , we can divide the different proposals in two broad categories . in the first class , one can include all models considering dark energy as a true fluid with unusual properties with proposals ranging from the classical cosmological constant to scalar fields running down their self interaction potential . on the other hand , one may give off general relativity resorting to modified gravity theories such as models ( see , e.g. , capozziello et al . 2008 , sotiriou & faraoni 2008 and references therein ) and braneworld cosmologies manifesting themselves as a fictitious dark energy - like fluid . notwithstanding their radically different inspiring phylosophies , all the viable theories share the same ability to be in satisfactory agreement with the available data . such a confusing situation is a clear evidence that present dataset are unable to discriminate among different models . such a problem comes out as a consequence of the still low redshift range probed . the sneia hubble diagram is an illuminating exam", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17757228016853333, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new study of the dark energy in type ia supernovae ( sneia ). We consider the scalar field as a model with a low redshift range and show that it is not a fictitious dark energy like fluid. The results are consistent with the data from the astrophysical surveys of the universe.", "reference_summary": "gamma ray bursts ( grbs ) have recently attracted much attention as a possible way to extend the hubble diagram to very high redshift . to this aim , the luminosity ( or isotropic emitted energy ) of a grb at redshift must be evaluated from a correlation with a distance independent quantity so that one can then solve for the luminosity distance and hence the distance modulus . averaging over five different two parameters correlations and using a fiducial cosmological model to calibrate them , sc"}
{"id": "paper_158", "title": "There has been a long - lasting debate on the question of whether or not electric currents in solar...", "text": "the energy required to power solar flares and cmes is stored in current - carrying magnetic fields in the corona . active regions ( ars ) , the main source regions of eruptions , carry a total electric current of 1ta ( e.g. , * ? ? ? * ) , which is commonly inferred from applying ampre s law , , to photospheric vector magnetograms . since such data are hampered by limited resolution and various uncertainties ( e.g , * ? ? ? * ) , it is not yet well understood how ar currents are distributed . the observations indicate that the currents in magnetically well - isolated ars are _ balanced _ to a very good approximation , i.e. , the total current , , calculated by integrating the vertical current density , , over the _ whole _ photospheric ar extension vanishes , as expected from ( e.g. , * ? ? ? what remains controversial is to which extent the currents are _ neutralized _ , meaning that calculated over a _ single _ ar polarity vanishes as well . full neutralization requires the main ( or direct ) currents which connect the ar polarities to be surrounded by shielding ( or return ) currents of equal total strength and opposite direction ( see , e.g. , figure1 in * ? ? ? both observations and theoretical considerations are not yet fully conclusive regarding the existence or amount of return currents in ars , which has led to an ongoing debate ( e.g. , * ? ? ? * ; * ? ? ? * ; * ? ? ? ar currents are believed to be formed by two main mechanisms : ( i ) the stressing of the coronal magnetic field by photospheric and sub - surface flows ( e.g. , * ? ? ? * ) and ( ii ) the emergence of current - carrying flux from the solar interior into the corona ( e.g. , * ? ? ? * ) . at first glance , mechanism ( i ) is expected to produce neutralized currents . to illustrate this , we show in fig.[fig : fg1](a , b ) a simple ar model created from a bipolar potential field by photospheric vortex flows . such an isolated , symmetric system must be current - balanced . to see if it is also ", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.1745067983865738, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new method for the analysis of magnetically well - isolated active regions ( ars ) in the corona. We use the _ irradiated _ photometric data to investigate the distribution of the currents in the active region, and find that the total current is balanced over the whole ar extension, as expected from ( e. G., *?? * ). The total electric current is calculated by integrating the vertical current density over the entire ar extension vanishes, i. E. _ the.", "reference_summary": "there has been a long - lasting debate on the question of whether or not electric currents in solar active regions are neutralized . that is , whether or not the main ( or direct ) coronal currents connecting the active region polarities are surrounded by shielding ( or return ) currents of equal total value and opposite direction . both theory and observations are not yet fully conclusive regarding this question , and numerical simulations have , surprisingly , barely been used to address it . "}
{"id": "paper_159", "title": "We propose a means to discriminate between the two basic variants of little higgs models , the...", "text": "little higgs models have been proposed as a solution to the hierarchy problem , the vast difference between the scales of electroweak symmetry breaking and the scale where quantum effects of gravity can no longer be neglected . the higgs boson emerges as a pseudo - goldstone boson of spontaneously broken chiral symmetries of a strongly interacting theory in the multi - tev regime . the quadratically divergent contributions to the higgs mass are canceled unlike in supersymmetry by particles of like statistics , chiral multiplet partners of the standard model ( sm ) fermions . the collective breaking of these symmetries generates a quadratically - divergent correction to the higgs mass only at two - loop order , such that the models remain weakly interacting at the tev scale , thereby satisfying electroweak precision data constraints . ideas about possible uv completions exist , but we ignore them in this paper and take little higgs models as low - energy effective theories . various realizations of the little higgs symmetry structure have been proposed , grouped quite generally into two classes ( cf . e.g. ) . the original models are mostly product group models , where the electroweak gauge group is extended to a product gauge group that contains subgroups in at least two distinct factors . the physical and bosons are mixtures of the gauge bosons from both factors . the global symmetry group is a simple group that includes the full gauge structure [ e.g. , , and the higgs is part of an irreducible multiplet of pseudo - goldstone bosons . in simple group models , the electroweak gauge group is embedded in a simple ( e.g. , ) gauge group , while the global symmetry group has a product structure , and the higgs is a mixture of the components of several ( at least two ) independent irreducible representations of the factor groups . although these models remain weakly interacting at the tev scale , nevertheless electroweak precision observables pose constraints on their p", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.16999521851539612, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new class of little higgs models that are based on the electroweak gauge group and the global symmetry group. The model is a combination of two different types of product group models, where the electro weak gauge groups are embedded in a simple gauge group, while the global weak Gauge group has a product structure. We show that these models can be used as low - energy effective theories, which satisfy the constraints on their p.", "reference_summary": "we propose a means to discriminate between the two basic variants of little higgs models , the product group and simple group models , at the next generation of colliders . it relies on a special coupling of light pseudoscalar particles present in little higgs models , the pseudo - axions , to the and the higgs boson , which is present only in simple group models . we discuss the collider phenomenology of the pseudo - axion in the presence of such a coupling at the lhc , where resonant productio"}
{"id": "paper_160", "title": "To accurately predict the space weather effects of coronal mass ejection ( cme ) impacts at earth...", "text": "coronal mass ejections ( cmes ) are one of the key drivers of space weather at earth . to account for their effects , one must be able to forecast if a cme will hit earth , as well as the timing and the cme parameters upon impact . recent efforts have focused on predicting the arrival time of cmes . typically , a cme is observed in a coronagraph field - of - view , and the interplanetary motion is simulated based upon the interaction of the cme with the background solar wind . these models tend to yield errors of 6 - 12 hours . cmes frequently show significant deflections from a purely radial trajectory ( e.g. and ) . deflection can cause a high latitude cme to move toward the equator and impact earth or potentially cause a cme to miss the earth when impact was expected . cmes tend to deflect toward the heliospheric current sheet ( hcs ) and away from coronal holes ( chs , ) . accordingly , magnetic forces have become a popular explanation for the cause of cme deflections . in the low corona these forces will `` channel '' cmes towards local null points and deflect cmes toward the hcs on global scales . cmes have also been observed to rotate in both observations and simulations . the rotation changes the orientations of the cme s magnetic field . knowing the direction of the magnetic field is crucial for space weather forecasting as the strength of geomagnetic storms , as measured by , tends to increase with increasing southward magnetic field . to begin addressing the questions about cmes relevant to space weather predictions , developed forecasting a cme s altered trajectory ( forecat ) . forecat initially addressed cme deflections due to magnetic forces . with recent advancements forecat is capable of simulating cme rotation as well . forecat reproduces the general trends in cme deflections - cmes tend to deflect toward the hcs on global scales , although the magnetic structure in the low corona can also affect the direction of deflection . the magnetic forces re", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17887777090072632, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a model for the arrival of coronal mass ejections ( cmes ) in the low corona. We use the spherical magnetic field to simulate the rotation of cme s magnetic field. The model is based on a radial trajectory and the magnetic field is simulated using the cdm - trm, ccm / tcm model. Our model reproduces the general trends in cme deflections due to magnetic forces.", "reference_summary": "to accurately predict the space weather effects of coronal mass ejection ( cme ) impacts at earth one must know if and when a cme will impact earth , and the cme parameters upon impact . presents forecasting a cme s altered trajectory ( forecat ) , a model for cme deflections based on the magnetic forces from the background solar magnetic field . knowing the deflection and rotation of a cme enables prediction of earth impacts , and the cme orientation upon impact . we first reconstruct the posit"}
{"id": "paper_161", "title": "Electron beams provide important probes and constraints for nuclear astrophysics", "text": "chiral eft is based on the symmetries of quantum chromodynamics ( qcd ) and is applicable at momentum scales of the order of the pion mass , where pions are included as explicit degrees of freedom and build up the long - range parts of strong interactions . in chiral eft , nucleons interact via pion exchanges and shorter - range contact interactions . the resulting nuclear forces and consistent electroweak operators are organized in a systematic expansion in powers of , where denotes the breakdown scale , leading to a typical expansion parameter for nuclei . as shown in fig . [ chiraleft ] , at a given order this includes contributions from one- or multi - pion exchanges and from contact interactions , with short - range couplings that are fit to data and thus capture all short - range effects relevant at low energies . the eft enables one to estimate theoretical uncertainties and chiral eft connects nuclear forces to the underlying theory through lattice qcd ( see talk by w. detmold ) . chiraleft.pdf chiral eft opens up a systematic path to investigate many - body forces and their impact on few- and many - body systems . this results from the consistency of nn and 3n interactions , which predicts the two - pion - exchange parts of 3n forces at nlo , leaving only two low - energy couplings that encode pion interactions with short - range nn pairs and short - range three - body physics . the leading nlo 3n forces improve few - body scattering , but interesting open problems remain . this makes the application of 3n and 4n forces at the next order ( nlo ) very exciting , in particular because they are predicted parameter - free with many new structures . because of gauge symmetries , the same eft expansion is used to derive consistent electroweak operators . therefore , the couplings in nuclear forces determine also electroweak processes . this provides an important consistency test and an exciting opportunity for electron beams . a prime example in chiral eft are axi", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17242568731307983, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present chiral eft at the momentum scales of the order of the pion mass, where nucleons are included as explicit degrees of freedom and build up the long - range parts of strong interactions. This allows one to estimate theoretical uncertainties and chiraleft connects nuclear forces to the underlying theory through lattice qcd.", "reference_summary": "electron beams provide important probes and constraints for nuclear astrophysics . this is especially exciting at energies within the regime of chiral effective field theory ( eft ) , which provides a systematic expansion for nuclear forces and electroweak operators based on quantum chromodynamics . this talk discusses some recent highlights and future directions based on chiral eft , including nuclear structure and reactions for astrophysics , the neutron skin and constraints for the properties"}
{"id": "paper_162", "title": "This paper is focused on the structure of the kauffman bracket skein algebra of a punctured surface...", "text": "in this paper we study the structure of the kauffman bracket skein algebra of an oriented punctured surface at a -th root of unity where is odd . these algebras play a crucial role in constructions of quantum invariants of -manifolds and in investigating quantum hyperbolic geometry . given an orientable surface its kauffman bracket skein algebra is formed by taking linear combinations of framed links in a cylinder over the surface , , with complex coefficients , and modding out by the relations that define the kauffman bracket link invariant . the multiplication comes from stacking one link above the other , with the up and down direction given by the interval . the kauffman bracket skein relation involves a complex parameter . we assume that is a -th root of unity for odd , and use the notation to indicate the level . it was shown by bullock , and przytycki - sikora that when , so that , this algebra is isomorphic to the character ring of the representations of the fundamental group of the surface . bonahon and wong constructed an embedding of into the center of via the so - called threading map , showing that the algebra is a central extension of the -characters of . abdiel and frohman proved that this is a finite extension . they localized the algebra over the non - zero characters of and showed that the localized algebra is finite dimensional over the function field of the -character variety of . in this paper we work with surfaces of negative euler characteristic that have at least one puncture . the kauffman bracket skein algebra has no zero divisors , and is finite rank over its center . the center of is the coordinate ring of an algebraic variety that is a finite sheeted branched cover of the character variety of the surface . in algebraic geometry , localization corresponds to restricting to an open subset of the underlying space . the localizations in this paper come from restricting to zariski open subsets of the variety related to the center of . we defi", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.1632908433675766, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We study the structure of the kauffman bracket skein algebra of an oriented punctured surface at a -th root of unity where is odd. This algebra is formed by taking linear combinations of framed links in a cylindrical over the surface, with complex coefficients, and modding out by the relations that define the Kauffman bracket link invariant. We assume that is a root of Einheit for odd,, using the notation to indicate the level. It was shown by bonahon and wong that when,.", "reference_summary": "this paper is focused on the structure of the kauffman bracket skein algebra of a punctured surface at roots of unity . a criterion that determines when a collection of skeins forms a basis of the skein algebra as an extension over the characters of the fundamental group of the surface , with appropriate localization is given . this is used to prove that when the algebra is localized so that every nonzero element of the center has a multiplicative inverse , that it is a division algebra . finall"}
{"id": "paper_163", "title": "We analyze zero modes of the dirac operator for su(2 ) lattice gauge theory", "text": "in the last few years the study of dirac eigenmodes was established as a powerful method for analyzing infrared structures of lattice gauge field configurations . after early work ( e.g. ) , the idea of probing the qcd vacuum with dirac eigenmodes picked up steam with the discussion of the local chirality of near - zero modes . in evidence was given , that the infrared structures which couple to the low lying dirac eigenmodes are self - dual , and in it was argued , that these structures could be low - dimensional objects . a new technique , the probing of the qcd vacuum with eigenmodes that are computed for different boundary conditions of the dirac operator , was introduced for the study of so - called kraan van baal ( kvb ) solutions . kvb solutions are solutions of the classical yang - mills equations on a euclidean cylinder . a kvb solution of topological charge can be seen to consist of constituents ( for su( ) ) , which locally resemble monopoles . for higher charges one finds constituents . the connection to the dirac eigenmodes was given in , where the zero mode for a charge 1 kvb solution was calculated . this eigenvalue problem was solved for a general boundary condition in the compactified ( time- ) direction , where is the extent of the compact direction of the euclidean cylinder . the boundary phase has values between 0 and 1 ( we stress that in all of our discussion the gauge fields obey periodic boundary conditions ) . it was shown , that the zero mode is not distributed over all of the constituents simultaneously , but instead is localized on only one of them . which of the constituents is chosen depends on the phase , relative to the phases determining the polyakov loop at spatial infinity . thus if one varies , the zero mode will become located on each of the constituents , one after the other . this property of the zero mode was confirmed in lattice studies and strong evidence for the appearance of kvb solutions in thermalized lattice gauge confi", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.16742657124996185, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new method for probing the qcd vacuum with dirac eigenmodes that are computed for different boundary conditions of the dirac operator. This technique is used to study so - called kraan van baal ( kvb ) solutions. The zero mode is not distributed over all of the constituents simultaneously, but instead is localized on only one of them. In this paper, we show that the zero modes are not distributed on all of their constituents, and they are locally located on only a single constituent.", "reference_summary": "we analyze zero modes of the dirac operator for su(2 ) lattice gauge theory . we find that the zero modes are strongly localized in all 4 directions . the position of these lumps depends on the boundary conditions we use for the dirac operator . we compare periodic boundary conditions and anti - periodic boundary conditions and find that the position of the zero modes jumps for about one third of the configurations ."}
{"id": "paper_164", "title": "In this work we present an approach which can be systematically used to construct nonlinear systems...", "text": "the study of nonlinear systems is growing since the sixties of the last century . nowadays the nonlinearity is found in many areas of the physics , including condensed matter physics , field theory , cosmology and others - . particularly , whenever we have a potential with two or more degenerate minima , one can find different vacua at different portions of the space . thus , one can find domain walls connecting such regions , and this necessarily leads to the appearance of multi - kink configurations . some time ago , a. champney and collaborators made an analysis of the reasons for the appearance of multi - kinks in dispersive nonlinear systems . in part this was motivated by the discovery by peyrard and kruskal that a single kink becomes unstable when it moves in a discrete lattice at sufficiently large velocity , whereas multi - kinks are stable . the effect was shown to be associated with a resonant interaction between the kink and the radiation , and the resonances were already observed experimentally . in fact , in an earlier work by manton and merabet , it was discussed the mechanism of production of kinks from excitations of the internal mode , in a study of the dynamics of the interaction of two kinks and one anti - kink in a model . furthermore , in a recent work by m. a. garcia - ustes and j. a. gonzlez , it is shown that a pair of kinklike solitons is emitted during the process of kink breakup by internal mode instabilities in a sine - gordon model . the multi - kinks are responsible , for instance , for a mobility hysteresis in a damped driven commensurable chain of atoms . moreover in arrays of josephson junctions , instabilities of fast kinks generate bunched fluxon states presenting multi - kink profiles . in a different context , by working with space - time dependent field configurations , coleman and collaborators analyzed the fate of the false vacuum through a semiclassical analysis of an asymmetric -like model . there , they considered the deca", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.1739334762096405, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We study the dynamics of a single kink in a dispersive nonlinear system with two or more degenerate minima. The effect is found to be associated with a resonant interaction between the kinkte and the radiation, and the resonances are already observed experimentally.", "reference_summary": "in this work we present an approach which can be systematically used to construct nonlinear systems possessing analytical multi - kink profile configurations . in contrast with previous approaches to the problem , we are able to do it by using field potentials which are considerably smoother than the ones of doubly quadratic family of potentials . this is done without losing the capacity of writing exact analytical solutions . the resulting field configurations can be applied to the study of pro"}
{"id": "paper_165", "title": "When a self - localized quasiparticle excitation propagates along a discrete one dimensional...", "text": "the protein folding problem has been around for a long time , with various incarnations . numerous proposals have been presented , to explain how the folding patterns emerge and advance . examples include nucleation - condensation , hydrophobic collapse and diffusion - collision controlled processes . more recently , a kink - based approach has been proposed and tested successfully using a coarse - grained force - field . at the same time , protein misfolding continues to be vigorously investigated . a misfolded protein can lead to serious complications , a misfolding transition is now widely accepted as the cause for diseases like type - ii diabetes , many forms of cancer , and dementia including alzheimer s . in the present article we investigate the phenomenon of _ barrier penetration _ as an example of those physical mechanisms that contribute to protein folding and misfolding transitions . for this we inquire what happens when a protein loop fragment becomes displaced from its native position . how does it find its way back to the native position ? the understanding of the dynamical processes involved should contribute to our comprehension of protein folding , including the reasons why and how a misfolding transition takes place . as a concrete example we consider an albumin - binding domain which is related to the protein g. this is a fairly generic -helical protein , the native state involves three helices which are separated by two short loops ; we use the protein data bank ( pdb ) entry code 1gab . it consists of 53 amino acids , the first loop is located between sites 19 - 24 and the second loop is located between sites 33 - 37 . the reason for choosing 1gab as our concrete example is , that the unres force field , on which our investigations are based , has been optimised for this particular protein . in our analysis of 1gab we first follow , to conclude that each of the two loops of 1gab are modeled by a single kink that solves a generalized discrete non", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17993083596229553, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We investigate the phenomenon of barrier penetration in a protein - helical domain. We consider the kink - field as a generalized discrete non - linear force field for this domain, and show that it is a simple kinke - driven process.", "reference_summary": "when a self - localized quasiparticle excitation propagates along a discrete one dimensional lattice , it becomes subject to a dissipation that converts the kinetic energy into lattice vibrations . eventually the kinetic energy does no longer enable the excitation to cross over the minimum energy barrier between neighboring sites , and the excitation becomes localized within a lattice cell . in the case of a protein , the lattice structure consists of the c backbone . the self - localized quasip"}
{"id": "paper_166", "title": "Further imaging observations of a sample of radio sources in the north ecliptic cap are presented...", "text": "radio galaxies are at present the only high redshift galaxies which are not explicitly selected on the basis of high star formation rates , but which can nevertheless be found in reasonably large numbers . this makes them potentially very valuable for understanding the evolution of massive galaxies at early times . unfortunately , the strong correlation of the radio and uv emission in the most radio - luminous galaxies ( the `` alignment effect '' ; see , e.g. , best et al . 1997 and ridgway & stockton 1997 ) indicates that their photometric properties are probably dominated by the presence of an agn , at least at rest wavelengths , a deduction which was confirmed by spectroscopically for most 3c radio galaxies by hammer , lefvre & angonin ( 1993 ) . this makes defining and studying samples of radio sources selected at fainter flux density levels important , as , due to the correlation of radio luminosity with the optical / uv luminosity of the agn ( e.g. willott et al . 1999 ) , such objects should have only a very small fraction of their light produced by the agn . in two previous papers ( lacy , rawlings & warner 1992 ; lacy et al . 1993 ; hereafter papers i and ii ) , we defined and presented radio and optical imaging data for a sample of radio sources selected from the 38-mhz survey of rees ( 1990 ) in the region of the north ecliptic cap ( nec ) . in a companion paper ( lacy et al . 1999b ; hereafter paper iv ) we present optical spectroscopy of this sample , along with that of a sample selected at 151mhz with a comparable flux limit and in the same region of sky ( the 7c - iii sample , lacy et al . 1999c ) and which therefore has most objects in common with this sample . we have already discussed the outcome of high - resolution optical observations of a sub - sample of objects from the 7c - iii sample which show that the radio optical `` alignment effect '' in the 7c - iii sample is weak , but probably present , even at wavelengths longward of 4000(lacy et a", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.18501628935337067, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present optical spectroscopy of the sample of radio sources selected from the 38-mhz survey of rees ( 1990 ) in the region of the north ecliptic cap ( nec ). We show that the sample has a very small fraction of its light produced by the agn, and that it is likely to be a large fraction of the luminosity of the source. This suggests that the presence of an aggn at fainter flux density levels is important for understanding the evolution of massive galaxies at early times.", "reference_summary": "further imaging observations of a sample of radio sources in the north ecliptic cap are presented and a number of new identifications are made . using redshifts from spectroscopic data presented in a companion paper ( lacy et al . 1999b ) , the photometric properties of the galaxies in the sample are discussed . it is shown that : ( 1 ) out to at least radio galaxies are good standard candles irrespective of radio luminosity ; ( 2 ) for a large fraction of the sample have magnitudes and colours "}
{"id": "paper_167", "title": "Mechanical ventilation is used for patients with a variety of lung diseases", "text": "biological systems are inherently adaptive and have evolved to survive stressors and randomness . beyond being robust to stressors , they are in fact evolutionarily designed to ` gain ' from them . this property of systems has been referred to as ` antifragility ' . antifragile systems benefit from stressors or noise . here , by ` stressors ' one refers to unfavorable abiotic changes in external milieu such as temperature , ph , pressure etc . a system s reaction to any external stressor or stimuli could be enumerated through a measurable property that reflects gain or loss in response to the stressor . it has been argued that a system having convex response would benefit from addition of noise . many of the biological systems have convex responses due to evolutionary selection that they have undergone . modeling the nature of such system responses would help in better understanding of design principles of biological systems that help them to thrive under stressful circumstances . human engineered systems are designed to cope with stable signals . an electrical system is designed assuming unvarying electrical signal and structural systems are designed for absence of severe seismic disturbances . thus , signal variability reflects ` noise ' and is harmful to the system . classically physiological systems are thought to be designed to reduce variability and to attain homeostasis . in contrast , signals of a wide variety of physiological systems , such as human heartbeat , brain s electrical activity etc . , fluctuate in a complex manner . in fact , a defining feature of a living organic system is adaptability , the capacity to respond to unpredictable stimuli . a lung is a physiological system that serves towards respiration , critical for oxidative processes in organisms . human breathing is driven by pressure generated through spontaneous muscular action . the lungs are ventilated in response to this pressure . the lung volume representing the normal volume of air d", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Philosophy", "topic_confidence": 0.1741962730884552, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We study the effects of stress on a system s response to a variety of stimuli. We show that the respiratory rate is dependent on the amount of pressure generated by the system. This effect is characterized by a pronounced increase in the volume of the lung, which is a function of the pressure. The resulting decrease in the size of the lungs is attributed to the presence of a large number of different stimuli that are present in the system and a small number of other factors.", "reference_summary": "mechanical ventilation is used for patients with a variety of lung diseases . traditionally , ventilators have been designed to monotonously deliver equal sized breaths . while it may seem intuitive that lungs may benefit from unvarying and stable ventilation pressure strategy , recently it has been reported that variable lung ventilation is advantageous . in this study , we analyze the mean tidal volume in response to different ` variable ventilation pressure ' strategies . we found that unifor"}
{"id": "paper_168", "title": "We present a brownian dynamics model of driven polymer translocation , in which non - equilibrium...", "text": "the transport of a polymer across a nanopore is vital to many biological processes , such as dna and rna translocation through nuclear pores , protein transport across membrane channels and virus injection . due to various potential technological applications such as rapid dna sequencing , gene therapy and controlled drug delivery , polymer translocation has received considerable experimental and theoretical interest . of particular technological interest is the case of driven translocation , where the process is facilitated by an external driving force . the key theoretical issue here is to find a unifying physical description that yields the correct dynamical behavior , e.g. , the dependence of the translocation time on the chain length . experiments and numerical simulations have indicated that . however , numerous different values of have been observed , suggesting explicit dependence on the various physical parameters ( cf . ref . for a recent review ) . several theories of driven polymer translocation have emerged , some claiming agreement with the experimental or numerical results within a certain subset of the physical parameter space . however , to date no single theory has been able to capture the wide range of observed values of , nor quantitatively explain the reason for their dependence on the system s parameters . therefore , the need for a unifying theory of driven translocation remains . in refs . , polymer translocation was described as a one - dimensional barrier crossing problem of the translocation coordinate ( the length of the subchain on the _ trans _ side ) . here , the chain starts from the _ cis _ side with one end inside the pore ( ) and is considered as translocated once , with the segment length . the free - energy due to chain entropy and the chemical potential difference is + {a}.$ ] here is the surface exponent ( for an ideal chain , self - avoiding chain in 2d and 3d , respectively ) , and is the thermal energy . from , the brownian ", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17300954461097717, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new theory of driven polymer translocation, which is based on the one - dimensional barrier crossing problem of the chain length. The system is described as a one -dimensional barrier cross problem of a chain length with one end inside the pore. In this paper, we show that the chain is driven by an external driving force, and that the free - energy due to chain entropy and the chemical potential difference is + a$ ].", "reference_summary": "we present a brownian dynamics model of driven polymer translocation , in which non - equilibrium memory effects arising from tension propagation ( tp ) along the _ cis _ side subchain are incorporated as a time - dependent friction . to solve the effective friction , we develop a finite chain length tp formalism , based on the idea suggested by sakaue [ sakaue , pre 76 , 021803 ( 2007 ) ] . we validate the model by numerical comparisons with high - accuracy molecular dynamics simulations , show"}
{"id": "paper_169", "title": "We study the bond percolation problem in random graphs of weighted vertices , where each vertex has...", "text": "in the last few years graph theoretic approach has been of great value to characterize complex systems found in social , informational and biological areas . here , a complex system is represented as a graph or network whose vertices and edges stand for its constituents and interactions . a simplest model for such is the random graph model proposed by erds and rnyi ( er ) . in the er model , number of vertices are present from the beginning and edges are added one by one in the system , connecting pairs of vertices selected randomly . due to the randomness , the distribution of the number of edges incident on each vertex , called the degree distribution , is poissonian . however , many real - world networks such as the world - wide web , the internet , the coauthorship , the protein interaction networks and so on display power - law behaviors in the degree distribution . such networks are called scale - free ( sf ) networks . thanks to recent extensive studies of sf networks , various properties of sf network structures have been uncovered . there have been a few attempts to describe scale - free networks in the framework of equilibrium statistical physics , even though the number of vertices grows with time in many real - world networks . in this approach , various mathematical tools developed in equilibrium statistical physics may be used to understand network structures . to proceed , one needs to define equilibrium network ensembles with appropriate weights , where one graph corresponds to one state of the ensemble . in a canonical ensemble , the number of edges is fixed : given a degree distribution , , the mean degree is obtained . then the number of edges obtained through the relation , , can be fixed . a degree sequence specifies the number of vertices with degree as . a grandcanonical ensemble can be also defined , where the number of edges is also a fluctuating variable while keeping the sf nature of the degree distributions . the grandcanonical ensemble f", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Philosophy", "topic_confidence": 0.16260571777820587, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We study the sf network structure in the framework of equilibrium statistical physics. We show that the number of edges is also a fluctuating variable while keeping the symmetric nature of the degree distributions.", "reference_summary": "we study the bond percolation problem in random graphs of weighted vertices , where each vertex has a prescribed weight and an edge can connect vertices and with rate . the problem is solved by the limit of the -state potts model with inhomogeneous interactions for all pairs of spins . we apply this approach to the static model having so that the resulting graph is scale - free with the degree exponent . the number of loops as well as the giant cluster size and the mean cluster size are obtained"}
{"id": "paper_170", "title": "We investigate the electronic state of a coo plane in the layered cobalt oxides nacoo using the 11...", "text": "the discovery of superconductivity in the layered cobalt oxide nacoyho has stimulated further interest in the electronic states of the mother compound nacoo . the specific features of the system are the geometrical fluctuation of the coo plane which consists of a triangular lattice of co atoms , and the orbital degeneracy of bands of co electrons . the electron filling in the coo plane is controlled by changing the na content : the hole concentration of co bands is given by . for , nacoo is a normal paramagnetic metal , while , for , an anomalous behavior is observed : the magnetic susceptibility is curie - weiss like although the resistivity is metallic , the electronic specific heat coefficient is large and increases with , the thermopower is unusually large . for , a weak magnetic order is observed below 20k , where the ferromagnetic ordered coo layers couple antiferromagnetically with each other . furthermore , nacoo exhibits a remarkable successive phase transition at k and k : the in - plane antiferromagnetic order is realized below and the system becomes insulator below . from the nmr and the neutron measurements , yokoi _ et . _ have proposed the magnetic structure of nacoo , where chains of co with larger staggered moment and co with smaller moment exist alternatively within the coo plane . the charge ordering of the co sites into chains of co and co is closely related to the ordered pattern of na ions which form one - dimensional chains below room temperature . in spite of the intense effort devoted in the last few years , the origin of metal - insulator transition at is still an open question . the purpose of this paper is to investigate the electronic state of the coo plane including the successive phase transition of nacoo , particularly focused on the effect of the one - dimensional na order on the antiferromagnetism . for this purpose , we take into account of an effective one - dimensional potential on the coo plane due to the effect of the na order ", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.16797924041748047, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We investigate the electronic state of the layered cobalt oxide nacoyho, including the successive phase transition. We consider the effect of the one - dimensional na order on the antiferromagnetic order and the magnetic susceptibility of the system.", "reference_summary": "we investigate the electronic state of a coo plane in the layered cobalt oxides nacoo using the 11 band d - p model on a two - dimensional triangular lattice , where the tight - binding parameters are determined so as to fit the lda band structure . effects of the coulomb interaction at a co site : the intra- and inter - orbital direct terms and , the exchange coupling and the pair - transfer , are treated within the hartree - fock approximation . we also consider the effect of the na order at ,"}
{"id": "paper_171", "title": "Stability and attractor property of free - floating axisymmetric magnetic bubbles in high -...", "text": "we show that compact non - singular axisymmetric equilibrium magnetic field configurations are attractors ( more precisely intermediate asymptotics ) in a weakly dissipative plasma . this means that some initial magnetic field configurations evolve into solitary magnetic bubbles . because of the attractor property , such free - floating solitary magnetic bubbles should exist in nature ( see braithwaite 2010 and references therein ) . first consider magnetic equilibria of ideally conducting incompressible plasmas . the magnetic field will be in equilibrium if the magnetic force is balanced by the pressure gradient : it turns out , that due to topological obstacles ( arnold 1986 ) , generic magnetic equilibria , that is generic solutions of eq.([equi ] ) , contain singular current layers ( gruzinov 2009 ) . if the plasma electric conductivity is finite , but still very high , the magnetic diffusivity will disperse the singular current layers by the reconnection process , without dispersing the entire magnetic field configuration . this is the intermediate - asymptotic stage we are interested in . during the intermediate - asymptotic stage , the magnetic equilibrium configuration should be non - singular . ideally , we want to find all compact non - singular magnetic equilibria . we think we have a full solution of this problem in two dimensions ( 3 ) . in 2d , the only compact non - singular equilibrium is a circular - symmetric magnetic bubble . in 3d , there is a class of non - singular equilibrium configurations compact axisymmetric magnetic bubbles ( 4 ) . the non - singular axisymmetric equilibrium bubbles are attractors ( 5 ) . but unlike the 2d case , we do not know if these bubbles are the only non - singular compact attractors . we study magnetic equilibria using the relaxation method ( e.g. gruzinov 2009 ) . we put an arbitrary compact magnetic field into high - viscosity small - magnetic - diffusivity plasma , and let the plasma move under the resulting mag", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.1695077121257782, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We study the non - singular axisymmetric equilibrium magnetic field configurations in a weakly dissipative plasma. We show that the compact non - single axisymmetry is attractors ( more precisely intermediate asymptotic ) in. This means that some initial magnetic field Configurations evolve into solitary magnetic bubbles.", "reference_summary": "stability and attractor property of free - floating axisymmetric magnetic bubbles in high - conductivity plasmas is ( tentatively , numerically ) demonstrated . the existence of compact non - singular axisymmetric magnetic equilibria is proved . being attractors , the solitary magnetic bubbles should exist in nature ."}
{"id": "paper_172", "title": "We modify the concept of quantum strategic game to make it useful for extensive form games", "text": "over the period of twelve years of research on quantum games , the idea of quantum strategic game has been well established . from mathematical point of view , the quantum information approach to a game is described by the four - tuple : the hilbert space is the place of the game and the sets of unitary operators play the role of strategy sets for the first and the second player , respectively . given a unit vector ( _ the initial state _ ) , the players each choose a unitary operator changing the vector into the vector ( _ the final state _ ) . the last components are the functionals for . they imitate payoff functions for the players assigning a real number to the final state . it turns out that the four tuple ( [ fourtuple ] ) generalizes playing a classical game . the two well - known ways based on the framework ( [ fourtuple ] ) : the eisert - wilkens - lewenstein ( ewl ) scheme and the marinatto - weber ( mw ) scheme show that a game can be successfully written in the form ( [ fourtuple ] ) : it is possible to set each of the four components , so that a game and the corresponding game defined by the four - tuple ( [ fourtuple ] ) are the same with respect to a game - theoretic analysis . another key feature is that the protocol ( [ fourtuple ] ) allows to achieve results unavailable in the game played classically ( see , for example , and ) . in our paper we are going to deal with extensive games in quantum domain . in spite of quite many researches connected with this issue ( for instance , concerning quantum stackelberg duopoly and ) , there is no generally accepted framework for playing quantum extensive games by now . interestingly , we have shown in that ( [ fourtuple ] ) may indeed be useful for extensive games with imperfect information . in this paper , we extend our previous idea . we prove that the slight modification of allows to obtain normal representation of extensive games in the quantum domain . definitions in the preliminaries are based on . t", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.1653059870004654, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We prove that the four - tuple ( [ fourtuples ] ) can be used to play extensive games in the quantum domain. We show that the small modification of the framework allows to obtain normal representation of extensive games with imperfect information.", "reference_summary": "we modify the concept of quantum strategic game to make it useful for extensive form games . we prove that our modification allows to consider the normal representation of any finite extensive game using the fundamental concepts of quantum information . the selten s horse game and the general form of two - stage extensive game with perfect information are studied to illustrate a potential application of our idea . in both examples we use eisert - wilkens - lewenstein approach as well as marinatt"}
{"id": "paper_173", "title": "Assuming lorentz symmetry is broken by some fixed vector background , we study the spinor...", "text": "the breaking of lorentz symmetry is an extensively studied topic . although no departure from lorentz invariance has yet been detected experimentally , there is no reason to believe that lorentz invariance would be intact at all energies . as a matter of fact , there are reasons to suspect its exactness in the context of string theory . for example , the potential instability of string vacuum would induce spontaneous breakdown of lorentz symmetry . also , high - energy field theories constructed on a moyal space , viewed as low - energy effective theories from open string theory with a constant ns - ns field , explicitly spoil lorentz invariance . one direction in the study of lorentz violation is to regard lorentz symmetry breaking as a possible extension of the standard model in particle physics . the first work in this context is the investigation of the carroll - field - jackiw term , which has inspired numbers of studies in recent years . without the criterion of lorentz symmetry , one may construct new additive terms to the minimal standard model . note that since invariance is necessary but not sufficient for lorentz invariance of an interacting quantum field theory , lorentz violating ( lv ) terms can be either even or odd . lv terms of renormalizable dimensions have been systematically constructed in , known as the standard model extension , and many related issues have been discussed . however , experimental data put very stringent constraints on the renormalizable lv terms and indicate that they must be extremely small . to avoid the subtle fine - tuning problem , we assume that the symmetry of the underlying theory prohibits the generation of the renormalizable lv operators and explore the nonrenormalizable lv operators in this paper . renormalizability was considered to be an axiom when constructing the standard model . quantum corrections to a renormalizable theory will generate uv divergences only to operators whose mass dimensions are less than five ", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17108280956745148, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We study the lorentz violation of a standard model in particle physics by using the carroll - field - jackiw term. We find that the renormalizable lv terms are not even or odd, and that they can be either even or even. The nonrenormalisable lorenz violating ( l ) operators are also studied.", "reference_summary": "assuming lorentz symmetry is broken by some fixed vector background , we study the spinor electrodynamics modified by two dimension - five lorentz - violating interactions between fermions and photons . the effective polarization and magnetization are identified from the modified maxwell equations , and the theoretical consequences are investigated . we also compute the corrections to the relativistic energy levels of hydrogen atom induced by these lorentz - violating operators in the absence an"}
{"id": "paper_174", "title": "We have used the iram plateau de bure millimeter interferometer and the ukirt 15 m imager...", "text": "it has been established that every massive , local spheroid harbours a supermassive black hole ( smbh ) in its centre whose mass is proportional to that of its host ( e.g. ; ) . this suggests that the black holes ( bhs ) and their surrounding galaxies were formed synchronously . this hypothesis has found support from hydrodynamical simulations of galaxy formation , which use feedback from winds and outflows from active galactic nuclei ( agn ) to link the growth of the smbh to that of its host ( e.g. ; ; ) . thus these models support a picture , first presented by , where a starburst - dominated ultra - luminous infrared galaxy ( ulirg ) , arising from a merger , evolves first into an obscured qso and then into an unobscured qso , before finally becoming a passive spheroid . the high - redshift population of ulirgs in this proposed evolutionary cycle are the submillimetre ( submm ) galaxies ( smgs ; ; ; ) . these systems have ulirg - like bolometric luminosities , l ( ; ) , and they have many of the properties expected for gas - rich mergers ( ; ) . this population evolves rapidly out to a peak at , crudely matching the evolution of qsos and providing additional circumstantial evidence for a link between smbh growth and spheroids . two further results have shed light on the evolutionary link between smgs and qsos . firstly , a modest fraction of optically luminous qsos at are detected in the submm / mm ( % ; ) showing that the qso- and smg - phases do not overlap significantly , given the lifetime estimates of the two populations ( qsos make up % of flux - limited samples of smgs ; ) . but when a qso _ is _ detected in the submm / mm then it could to be in the transition phase from an smg to an unobscured qso , making its properties a powerful probe of the evolutionary cycle ( e.g. ; ) . secondly , the evolutionary state of the smbhs within smgs can also be judged using the 2-ms _ chandra _ deep field north observations to derive accurate agn luminosities and hence l", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.1829204261302948, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new study of the evolution of submillimetre ( ) galaxies in the presence of a starburst - dominated supermassive black hole ( smbh ). This is a model for galaxy formation that uses feedback from winds and outflows from active galactic nuclei to link the growth of the spheroids to that of their host. We show that the qso phase evolves rapidly out to a peak at, roughly matching the evolution in s.", "reference_summary": "we have used the iram plateau de bure millimeter interferometer and the ukirt 15 m imager spectrometer ( uist ) to test the connection between the major phases of spheroid growth and nuclear accretion by mapping co emission in nine submillimetre - detected qsos at .6 with black hole ( bh ) masses derived from near - infrared spectroscopy . when combined with one qso obtained from the literature , we present sensitive co(32 ) or co(21 ) observations of 10 submillimetre - detected qsos selected at"}
{"id": "paper_175", "title": "Computer simulation of the hopping charge transport in disordered organic materials has been...", "text": "hopping transport in disordered organic materials has been extensively studied for the case of low density of carriers , but our understanding of charge transport for the case of high carrier density is not adequate ; theoretical studies of the effect of carrier density are scarce . high density of carriers could affect drift mobility in opposite ways . small fraction of carriers could occupy deep states , thus providing a possibility for remaining carriers to avoid trapping and acquire much higher mobility . at the same time , charge - charge interactions could provide an additional energetic disorder in the material . this is indeed the case for the simplest model where all charges except one are immovable . in this case , the greater is the density of static charges ( i.e. energetic disorder ) , the smaller is the mobility . usually , in theoretical studies the mean field approximation has been used and charge - charge interaction has been totally neglected . this means that these studies dealt only with the effect of filling of deep states : it is assumed that the effects of interaction could be later effectively included via the mobility dependence on the mean local electric field , which in turn is connected to the mean local charge density by the poisson equation where is a dielectric constant of the material . this line of reasoning totally neglects dynamic correlations . in addition , quite frequently true quasi - equilibrium mobility is formed by the averaging over large domains of the disordered material ( see , for example , ref . ) . in this situation the very conception of a local ( but uniform in space ) mobility is invalid . for this reason in this paper we describe a direct dynamic simulation of hopping monopolar transport of _ interacting _ carriers . for the model of interacting carriers the total site energy of a carrier is a sum of a static random contribution due to the static intrinsic energetic disorder and fluctuating contribution due to the", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.16818837821483612, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We study the dynamic simulation of hopping monopolar transport in disordered organic materials with a large density of carriers. The total site energy of a carrier is a sum of a static random contribution due to the static intrinsic energetic disorder and fluctuating contribution due the static dynamic disorder. For the model of interacting carriers the total Site energy is.", "reference_summary": "computer simulation of the hopping charge transport in disordered organic materials has been carried out explicitly taking into account charge - charge interactions . this approach provides a possibility to take into account dynamic correlations that are neglected by more traditional approaches like mean field theory . it was found that the effect of interaction is no less significant than the usually considered effect of filling of deep states by non - interacting carriers . it was found too th"}
{"id": "paper_176", "title": "An ensemble of random unistochastic ( orthostochastic ) matrices is defined by taking squared...", "text": "consider a square matrix of size containing non - negative entries . it is called _ stochastic _ if each row sums to unity ( for ) ( for information about properties of such matrices consult ) . if , additionally , each of its columns sums to unity , i.e. , for , it is called _ bistochastic _ ( or _ doubly stochastic _ ) . bistochastic matrices emerge in several physical problems . they are used in the theory of majorization , angular momentum , in transfer problems , investigations of the frobenius - perron operator , and in characterization of completely positive maps acting in the space of density matrices . we shall denote by ( resp . ) the sets of stochastic ( resp . bistochastic ) matrices of size . a matrix is called _ orthostochastic _ , if there exists an orthogonal matrix , such that for . analogously , a matrix is called _ unistochastic _ ( _ unitary - stochastic _ ) , if there exists a unitary matrix , such that for . due to unitarity ( orthogonality ) condition every unistochastic ( orthostochastic ) matrix is bistochastic . these four sets of nonnegative matrices are related by the following inclusion : , where and represent the sets of unistochastic ( orthostochastic ) matrices . for all three inclusions are proper . unistochastic matrices appear in analysis of models describing the time evolution in quantum graphs and in description of non - unitary transformations of density matrices . moreover , the theory of majorization and unistochastic matrices plays a crucial role in recent research on local manipulations with pure states entanglement or in characterizing the interaction costs of non local quantum gates . in this work we analyse the structure of the set of bistochastic ( unistochastic ) matrices of a fixed size and investigate the support of their spectra . knowledge of any constraints for the localisation of the eigenvalues of such a matrix is of a direct physical importance , since the moduli of the largest eigenvalues determine the rate of ", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.16298116743564606, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We study the structure of a set of bistochastic ( unistochastic ) matrices of a fixed size and investigate the support of their spectra.", "reference_summary": "an ensemble of random unistochastic ( orthostochastic ) matrices is defined by taking squared moduli of elements of random unitary ( orthogonal ) matrices distributed according to the haar measure on ( or , respectively ) . an ensemble of symmetric unistochastic matrices is obtained with use of unitary symmetric matrices pertaining to the circular orthogonal ensemble . we study the distribution of complex eigenvalues of bistochastic , unistochastic and orthostochastic matrices in the complex pla"}
{"id": "paper_177", "title": "We present the results of a high - resolution imaging survey for brown dwarf binaries in two open...", "text": "brown dwarfs ( bds ) are very low - mass objects that do not stabilize on the hydrogen - burning main sequence because they develope degenerate cores . they are akin to giant planets in that their luminosity and temperature drop continuously with time , and ultimately they become extremely cool and faint . the borderline between stars and bds has been known for 40 years to be at about 0.08 solar mass ( m ) for solar metallicity ( hayashi & nakano 1963 ; kumar 1963 ) . recent calculations yield a substellar limit at 0.072 m ( e.g. baraffe et al . 1998 ) . for many years bds eluded firm detection , but since 1995 ( nakajima et al . 1995 ; rebolo , zapatero osorio , & martn 1995 ) there has been a pletora of discoveries . the evidence for bds is based on observations of lithium , luminosity and surface temperatures of faint dwarfs , as well as astrometric and radial velocities of main sequence stars . dynamical measurements of bd masses are becoming available with the study of nearby binaries where both components are substellar ( martn et al . 2000b ; lane et al . 2001 ) . recent censuses of bds in young open clusters indicate that they are numerous ( bjar et al . 2001 ; moraux et al . 2003 ) . with increasing age , bds cool down and reach very faint luminosities , becoming indeed very difficult to detect . young stellar associations and open clusters have provided a gold mine for bd searches because these objects are still in the early phase of gravitational contraction . hence , they are brighter and warmer than older bds . several processes of bd formation have been studied in some detail in the last few years . they can be divided in two main groups : ( 1 ) failed star - formation model : bds are ejected from unstable multiple systems during the collapse and fragmentation of a turbulent molecular cloud ( reipurth & clarke 2001 , 2003 ; sterzik & durisen 2003 ) ; ( 2 ) small star - formation model : bds result from the collapse of small cores of substellar mass in ", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.19554616510868073, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new method for the detection of brown dwarfs in young open clusters. We use a simple, non - invasive technique to detect brown dwarf masses and luminosities in the presence of a single star. The method is based on a spectroscopic analysis of the stellar surface temperature and luminescence of the object. It is shown that the observed luminosity and temperature are consistent with the bds, but they are not consistent with their radial velocity.", "reference_summary": "we present the results of a high - resolution imaging survey for brown dwarf binaries in two open clusters . the observations were carried out with the wide field planetary camera 2 onboard the hubble space telescope . our sample consists of 8 brown dwarf candidates in persei and 25 brown dwarf candidates in the pleiades . we have resolved 4 binaries in the pleiades with separations in the range 0.0940.058 , corresponding to projected separations between 11.7 au and 7.2 au . no binaries were fou"}
{"id": "paper_178", "title": "The standard model of cosmology is investigated using time - dependent cosmological constant and...", "text": "the astrophysical observations of supernovae of type ia give a convincing evidence of a universe undergoing an accelerated phase of its expansion history ; rather than going to deceleration as was expected theoretically . similar conclusion has been deduced from the observations of anisotropies in cosmic microwave background by the wmap which favors a low density , spatially flat ( ) universe filled with an exotic vacuum energy containing the maximum portion of the total energy density , . this mysterious dark energy is represented by a barotropic equation of state ( eos ) , where and is the pressure and the energy density of dark energy , with . if , it is called ` cosmological constant ' , is dubbed ` quintessence ' , while it is called ` phantom energy ' if . all these candidates have some fundamental problems : the former one presents discrepancy of orders of magnitude between theoretical and empirical results , while quintessence requires fine tuning of cosmological parameters for a suitable choice of the potential function . also the phantom energy yields eccentric predictions like ` big rip ' and ripping apart of gravitationally bound objects . moreover , the variations in suggest that there is no consensus on the actual eos of dark energy and one can only deal with the upper and lower bounds on . although the dark energy is generically considered to be a perfect fluid yet it need not to be perfect if it experiences perturbations . moreover , the dark energy also may not be completely ` dark ' especially if it gets coupled with matter and energy exchange takes place ; consequently the matter evolution becomes modified . it is now obvious that this sudden transition to acceleration from the earlier deceleration phase is rather recent with the corresponding redshift . it has been proposed that the standard model of cosmology may not be sufficient to explain this exotic phenomenon and hence significant modifications are proposed like a modified friedmann equatio", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17671000957489014, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new model of cosmology which is based on the equatio of dark energy and its relation to the mass density. It is shown that the corresponding redshift is not sufficient to explain this exotic phenomenon.", "reference_summary": "the standard model of cosmology is investigated using time - dependent cosmological constant and newton gravitational constant . the total energy content is described by the modified chaplygin gas equation of state . it is found that the time - dependent constants coupled with the modified chaplygin gas interpolate between the earlier matter to the later dark energy dominated phase of the universe . we also achieve a convergence of the parameter , almost at the present time . thus our model fair"}
{"id": "paper_179", "title": "We discuss various scattering properties of non - topological solitons , q - balls , on potential...", "text": "motivated by our earlier work on the scattering of topological solitons on potential obstructions in a class of models [ 1,2 ] we have decided to look at the generality of these results . to do this we have decided to investigate the scattering properties of non - topological solitons so in this paper we look at the scattering of q - balls on various potential obstructions . first we recall that q - balls are non - topological soliton fields , first introduced by s. coleman in [ 3 ] . they arise in some classes of self - interacting complex scalar fields . unlike topological solitons , whose stability is ensured by the presence of a conserved topological charge , q - balls carry a conserved noether charge associated with the global symmetry . this conserved but non - topological charge stabilises the q - balls . also , q - balls have a time - dependent rotating phase and the conserved noether charge is related to the velocity of the change of this phase . these features result in a much more complicated scattering properties of these solitons , leading to such phenomena as , for example , the charge fission during the scattering process . in this paper we investigate the q - ball dynamics in and dimensions , mainly when the q - balls are scattered on various obstructions in the form of potential barriers or holes . first we discuss the conditions of the stability of the q - balls . then we report the results of our numerical simulations which have revealed that q - balls behave like topological solitons only for the values of the parameters of the theory that guarantee this stability throughout the scattering . when this condition is satisfied the dynamics of the scattering on barriers and holes in dimensions is similar to what was seen for topological solitons [ 1,2 ] , _ ie _ very little radiation is given off during the scattering . the scattering on barriers results in transmission or reflection , _ ie _ very much like that of a small particles . in the scatteri", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.1683005690574646, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We investigate the scattering of q - balls on potential obstructions in and dimensions, mainly when the q balls are scattered on various obstructions. First we discuss the conditions of the stability of the solitons, then we report the results of our numerical simulations which have revealed that q Balls behave like topological sOLITONS only for the values of the parameters of the theory that guarantee this stability throughout the scatterING process.", "reference_summary": "we discuss various scattering properties of non - topological solitons , q - balls , on potential obstructions in and dimensions . these obstructions , barriers and holes , are inserted into the potential of the theory via the coupling parameter , , that is effective only in a certain region of space . when the obstruction is a barrier and when the obstruction is a hole . the dynamics of q - balls on such obstructions in dimensions is shown to be very similar to that of topological solitons prov"}
{"id": "paper_180", "title": "We consider a general d - wave superconducting gap function in the presence of coexisting...", "text": "the interplay and competition between antiferromagnetism ( afm ) and superconductivity ( sc ) is a long studied subject both experimentally and theoretically . there are now several heavy fermion compounds showing clear experimental evidence of the microscopically homogeneous coexistence of afm and sc correlations . however , the direct consequences of the coexistence of afm and sc has not yet been clearly resolved . recent in- nqr studies of cerhin and cein also revealed that there is a coexistence region of afm and sc around the critical pressures of 1.6 gpa and 2.43 gpa , respectively . apart from confirming the coexistence of afm and sc in this region of pressure , an interesting observation is that the nuclear spin - lattice relaxation rate displays the linear temperature dependence t at low temperatures ( up to 0.3 t for cerhin ) , followed by the t behavior below the superconducting transition temperature t . the latter behavior is an indication of the lines of nodes of the anisotropic sc state . the standard explanation of the t - linear temperature dependence of at low temperatures is the impurity effect in an unconventional sc with lines of nodes . however , this impurity explanation has difficulties in the case of cerhin ; the low temperature t - linear is only observed in the afm and sc coexistence region at 1.6 gpa , and once the afm order disappears by increasing pressure to 2.1 gpa , exhibits a t behavior for the entire measured temperatures below t . similar pressure dependence of has also been observed in ge - substituted cecusi . another afm heavy fermion superconductor urusi also shows the low temperature t - linear behavior in . in the case of updal , the situation is somewhat different ; a more recent nmr experiment indicates that the t - linear behavior observed in earlier experiments disappears with purer samples . putting together these observations we think that the interplay of the afm and sc , together with some sort of impurity effects , ", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17820915579795837, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new study of the interplay between antiferromagnetism and superconductivity in afm heavy fermion compounds. The results are consistent with previous studies of cerhin and cein, which show that the interplayer of antiferROMagnets is strongly dependent on the spin - lattice relaxation rate.", "reference_summary": "we consider a general d - wave superconducting gap function in the presence of coexisting antiferromagnetic ( afm ) long - rang order . we find that the d - wave order parameter develops additional nodes without lowering the symmetry of the state due to the interplay of the superconducting and afm correlations . this afm correlated d - wave gap has a small gap structure inside the generic d - wave gap . as a result of this additional structure it shows a quite different response to impurities co"}
{"id": "paper_181", "title": "Spectral fitting of the radio through hard x - ray emission of bl lac objects has previously been...", "text": "after the detection of 6 high - frequency peaked bl lac objects ( hbls ) with ground - based air erenkov telescope facilities , the field of extragalactic gev tev astronomy is currently one of the most rapidly expanding research areas in astrophysics . the steadily improving flux sensitivities of the new generation of air erenkov telescope arrays and their decreasing energy thresholds , provides a growing potential to extend their extragalactic - source list towards intermediate and even low - frequency peaked bl lac objects ( lbls ) with lower peak frequencies in their broadband spectral energy distributions ( seds ) . detection of such objects at energies 100 gev might provide an opportunity to probe the intrinsic high - energy cutoff of their seds since at those energies , absorption due to the intergalactic infrared background is still expected to be negligible at redshifts of . theoretical predictions of the high - energy emission of bl lac objects on the basis of their emission at lower frequencies are essential for careful planning of future observations by ground - based vhe -ray observatories . such studies have generally been restricted to considerations of the observed broadband spectral properties of potential candidate sources and have mostly been based on non - simultaneous spectral measurements alone . in this paper , we point out that such considerations can have very large uncertainties and ambiguities with respect to the predicted vhe emission . the importance and potential scientific return of including detailed variability information in the modeling of hbls has been pointed out by who have shown the wide variety of correlated x - ray and vhe -ray variability patterns which can result in time - dependent synchrotron - self - compton models for blazars . in particular , they have pointed out that combined x - ray spectral and variability information may be sufficient to predict the level of intrinsic tev emission in hbls , even if no direct measur", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.18217429518699646, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new method for the prediction of the intrinsic tev emission in high - frequency peaked bl lac objects ( hbls ) with ground - based air erenkov telescope facilities. This technique is based on the combination of x -ray and variability information which can be used to predict the emission level of h -bl objects at low frequencies. We show that such an approach can be applied to the observation of bbl - lattice objects at energies 100 gev.", "reference_summary": "spectral fitting of the radio through hard x - ray emission of bl lac objects has previously been used to predict their level of high - energy ( gev tev ) emission . in this paper , we point out that such spectral fitting can have very large uncertainties with respect to predictions of the vhe emission , in particular if no reliable , contemporaneous measurement of the gev flux is available and the peak ( flux and frequency ) of the synchrotron component is not very precisely known . this is dem"}
{"id": "paper_182", "title": "We investigate the phenomenon of extinction of a long - lived self - regulating stochastic...", "text": "extinction of an isolated stochastic population after maintaining a long - lived state is a dramatic phenomenon . it occurs , even in the absence of environmental variations , because of an unusual chain of random events when population losses dominate over gains . population extinction risk is a key negative factor in viability of small populations , whereas extinction of a disease following an epidemic outburst is of course favorable . the possibility and consequences of extinction of biologically important components , regulated by chemical reactions in living cells , have also attracted interest . as stochastic population dynamics are usually far from equilibrium , and no general methods of evaluating large fluctuations are available , they are of much interest to physics . this work deals with an isolated single - species population undergoing a set of gain - loss processes . we will assume that the population is well mixed , so that spatial degrees of freedom are irrelevant . at the level of the _ deterministic rate equation _ ( henceforth _ rate equation _ ) , which describes the time history of the mean population size and ignores fluctuations , flows to an attracting fixed point , where the gain and loss processes balance each other . the actual stochastic population , however , behaves differently and ultimately becomes extinct . this is because , in the absence of influx of new individuals , the empty state is _ absorbing _ : the probability of exiting from it is zero . although extinction ( and fluctuations in general ) are beyond its scope , the rate equation is a convenient starting point of our analysis . for an isolated single - species population the rate equation can be written as where is a smooth function determined by the specific gain - loss processes , see below . for generic gain - loss processes . for the fixed point is repelling , whereas for it is attracting . in the former case , the next fixed point of eq . ( [ rateeqgen ] ) is attractin", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.16952088475227356, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We study the extinction of an isolated single - species population after maintaining a long - lived state. We find that the rate equation is a convenient starting point for our analysis. In this case, the rate is derived as where is a smooth function determined by the specific gain - loss processes. The next fixed point of eqgen is attractin.", "reference_summary": "we investigate the phenomenon of extinction of a long - lived self - regulating stochastic population , caused by intrinsic ( demographic ) noise . extinction typically occurs via one of two scenarios depending on whether the absorbing state is a repelling ( scenario a ) or attracting ( scenario b ) point of the _ deterministic rate equation_. in scenario a the metastable stochastic population resides in the vicinity of an attracting fixed point next to the repelling point . in scenario b there "}
{"id": "paper_183", "title": "We have tested the reliability of the red giant branch ( rgb ) as a metallicity indicator...", "text": "the red giant branch ( rgb ) phase in intermediate- to low - mass stellar evolution corresponds to the phase just before the onset of helium fusion . during the rgb phase , a star contains an electron degenerate core surrounded by a hydrogen - burning shell fueled by the cno cycle . the color of the rgb on a color - magnitude diagram ( cmd ) strongly depends on the metal abundance of the stellar population ( e.g. ) . for this reason , the rgb has been widely used to obtain average metallicity estimates for a variety of stellar systems in the form of straightforward empirical calibrations between magnitude , color , and metallicity . however , the morphology and position of the rgb also depend somewhat on the age of the population , especially for stellar populations younger than gyr . thus , given an estimate for the age of a stellar population , the metallicity distribution function ( mdf ) of the system can be calculated by comparing the rgb with theoretical isochrones of the appropriate age or fiducial rgb sequences for discrete ages . previously , had investigated biases in determining the tip of the red giant branch ( trgb ) based in the galaxies lmc , smc , and lgs3 using synthetic cmds . that study investigated some population effects on metallicities derived from the synthetic cmds representing these systems . in this work , we provide a more thorough investigation of the degree to which star formation history can influence the results of these types mdf analyses mentioned above . to facilitate this , we generate model cmds with a variety of star formation histories ( sfhs ) and chemical evolution histories and calculate the mdfs by interpolating amongst a grid of isochrones . in section [ sec : meth ] , we outline the methods used , detailing how the synthetic cmds were created , how error and completeness profiles were applied , and how the interpolations were performed . results are presented in section [ sec : res ] , and we conclude our findings in sect", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17468002438545227, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new method for determining the tip of the red giant branch ( rgb ) in intermediate- to low - mass stellar evolution using synthetic cmds. We use a variety of star formation histories and chemical evolution histories to generate model cmd, which are interpolated amongst a grid of isochrones. The results are presented in section [ sec: meth ].", "reference_summary": "we have tested the reliability of the red giant branch ( rgb ) as a metallicity indicator accounting for observational errors as well as the complexity of star formation histories ( sfhs ) and chemical evolution histories observed in various stellar systems . we generate model color - magnitude diagrams ( cmds ) produced with a variety of evolutionary histories and compare the resultant metallicity estimates from the colors and magnitudes of rgb stars to the true input metallicities . we include"}
{"id": "paper_184", "title": "The xmm - newton survey science center is constructing a large ( 1000 sources ) and complete sample...", "text": "x - ray selection provides a well - proven and efficient mean of finding some of the astrophysically most interesting and energetic objects in the universe , like active galactic nuclei ( agn ) and clusters of galaxies . the xmm - newton survey science center ( ssc ) is assembling a large ( about 1000 sources ) sample of bright serendipitous xmm - newton sources at high galactic latitude ( ) , following well defined criteria ( completeness , representativeness , etc .. ) so as to allow both a detailed study of sources of high individual interest as well as statistical population studies . the sample , known as the xmm - newton bright serendipitous source sample \" ( xmm - newton bss ) , is designed to have a flux limit of erg s in the 0.54.5 kev energy band . the major scientific goals of this project are to study the mix of different kinds of agn , and the cosmological evolution of clusters of galaxies . agn are expected to be the most numerous class of x - ray sources . the majority of the xmm - newton bss sources will have enough statistics ( hundreds of counts ) to allow x - ray spectral investigations ( see e.g. for the discovery of a type 2 agn from x - ray data only ) . such x - ray spectral information is fundamental to determine , source - by - source , the amount of metal absorption , the spectral shape , and the presence of reprocessed features ( e.g. fek line ) . moreover , at the x - ray limiting flux of the xmm - newton bss sample the optical counterparts of the x - ray sources have magnitudes bright enough to allow relatively high - quality optical and near - infrared spectroscopy even with a 4 meter class telescope . x - ray data , combined with optical and near - infrared spectroscopic information , will allow us to investigate the poorly understood relationships ( e.g. , ) between narrow- and broad - line agn in the optical regime , and absorbed and unabsorbed agn in the x - ray regime . the completeness of our sample should place our investigations", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17774698138237, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a large sample of bright serendipitous xmm - newton sources at high galactic latitude ( ). The sample is designed to have a flux limit of erg s in the 0.54.5 kev energy band, and will allow both a detailed study of sources of high individual interest as well as statistical population studies. We use the x - ray data from the ssc to investigate the mix of different kinds of active galactic nuclei and clusters of galaxies.", "reference_summary": "the xmm - newton survey science center is constructing a large ( 1000 sources ) and complete sample of bright serendipitous xmm - newton sources at high galactic latitude , so as to allow both the discovery of sources of high individual interest as well as statistical population studies . the sample , known as the xmm - newton bright serendipitous source sample \" ( xmm - newton bss ) , has a flux limit of erg s in the 0.54.5 kev energy band and will be fundamental in complementing other medium a"}
{"id": "paper_185", "title": "We consider a crowd of persons trying to exit some area trough a small exit", "text": "when applications of natural sciences to human beings are considered , the problem of unpredictability of human mind is an eternal motif . in psychology , neurophysiological arguments overlap with philosophical ones . in sociology , the empiricistic foundations of natural sciences have been undermined by interpretative sociology of weber and simmel ; determinism is dead is a catchphrase of today . against this background , the modeling of crowd dynamics - which is our aim here - could seem to be an extreme example of a mechanicistic reductionism . on the other hand , prediction is an ultimate aim of all sciences ; here the famous statement on scientific aim savoir pour prvoir et prvoir pour pouvoir by auguste comte remains valid and desirable . in fact , a crowd can be seen as a many - body system with local interactions ; in such systems , statistical laws should allow for some predictions . once a comparison with experimental data became possible , the critique from the hermeneutically oriented audience is less convincing . + modeling of the crowd dynamics is known for more than 50 years . the methods have been advanced much in 90 s by dirk helbing and cooperators ; reviews and lists of references can be found in . among the methods , the social force model seems to be most realistic . this is a set of differential equations of motion , where positions and velocities of pedestrians are time - dependent variables ; the approach is equivalent to the molecular dynamics , where human desires are encoded in the form of social forces . within this model , a number of problems have been addressed , as lane formation , strip formation , turbulent waves , herding and bottlenecks . in this paper we address more directly to the problem of the phase of a simulated crowd . namely , we ask for the conditions when an individual or a small group can change their position with respect to their neighbours in the crowd . if they are stuck , we refer to a clogged phase . this criteri", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Philosophy", "topic_confidence": 0.17896080017089844, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We investigate the phase of a simulated crowd. In this paper, we consider the condition when an individual or a small group can change their position with respect to their neighbours in the crowd, and we find that the phase is clogged.", "reference_summary": "we consider a crowd of persons trying to exit some area trough a small exit . the probability is calculated that an individual is able to withdraw from the crowd under one s own steam . the problem is simulated within the generalized force model ( d. helbing et al . , nature 407 ( 2000 ) 487 ) , and all model parameters are taken from this paper . the results indicate , that in a crowd of 150 persons , this probability is not greater than ten percent . we also evaluate the number of helpers nece"}
{"id": "paper_186", "title": "We present a new proof of the quantum cramer - rao bound for precision parameter estimation and...", "text": "high sensitivity parameter estimation is an active area of research in quantum physics . there is growing effort both theoretically and experimentally to use quantum properties of matter to improve the precision with which a given parameter may be estimated . these ideas have been used in several problems of practical interest ; namely , clock synchronization , reference frame alignment , phase estimation , frequency measurements , position measurements and magnetometry . the simplest procedure for parameter estimation uses a probe which is coupled to the external field ( ) to be measured by a hamiltonian . the probe is prepared in a well - known initial state and then interacts with the field for a time before the measurement of a suitable observable . the process is then repeated for a large number of times ( ) to improve statistics . many different strategies have been proposed to improve the sensitivity limit of the simple parameter estimation procedure . for example , the probe can be a composite system or be augmented by ancillary systems used for multiple quantum non - demolition ( qnd ) measurements . the external field hamiltonian can be manipulated by additional field - independent and controllable hamiltonians to obtain an effective hamiltonian . during the evolution time many positive operator valued measurements ( povms ) can be performed and the results of the measurements used in a feedback loop . the only constraint on the metrology procedure is that a single measurement time is limited to . this assumption is physically motivated as any measurement process suffers from decoherence that limits the sensing time . the quantum cramer - rao bound gives a bound on the achievable sensitivity . for any measurement scheme , if the largest and smallest eigenvalues of are and , respectively , the optimum possible sensitivity is bounded by : where is the number of measurement runs and we set . this is very similar to the heisenberg limit for precision measureme", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17876622080802917, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new method for parameter estimation of the external field by using a probe coupled to the external Field. This technique is based on the heisenberg limit for precision measureme. The method is characterized by a hamiltonian which is controlled by additional field - independent and controllable hamiltonians. We show that the hamILtonian can be used to obtain an effective hamilltonian, which is a very similar to the Heisenberg Limit for precision measurement.", "reference_summary": "we present a new proof of the quantum cramer - rao bound for precision parameter estimation and extend it to a more general class of measurement procedures . we analyze a generalized framework for parameter estimation that covers most experimentally accessible situations , where multiple rounds of measurements , auxiliary systems or external control of the evolution are available . the proof presented demonstrates the equivalence of these more general metrology procedures to the simplest optimal"}
{"id": "paper_187", "title": "Epidemic dynamics in a stochastic network of interacting epidemic centers is considered", "text": "epidemic outbreak in a populated center or in a network of populated centra develops stochastically due to random interaction between individuals inside a center and due to a random migration between centers of the network . conventionally , an epidemic outbreak in a highly populated center is described by deterministic processes in according with law of large numbers ( lln ) . the mean field approximation ( hydrodynamic limits ) of the appropriate statistical models establishes the basic relation of stochastic description to the dynamical equations , say the sir model ( susceptible / infected/ removed ) and its more sophisticated modifications ( seir , sis , msir , etc . ) however , there are two important cases when stochastic effects are essential . firstly , it is obviously important when the populations in centers are not large . the second less obvious scenario can occur at the initial stage of outbreak when the number of infectives is small , then the discreteness of population can essentially affect the dynamics of the outbreak making it stochastic . for an isolated center , this case is thoroughly studied in . analysis of a network of interacting epidemic centers requires an account of migration fluxes between them . so , if the initial number of infectives triggering the outbreak in a particular populated center is small ( that is typical for many outbreaks ) than the lln fails at least at initial stage until the number of infectives is large enough . for this reason the observed number of infectives can be significantly different from the prediction of a deterministic model , i.e. the standard deviation of the number of infectives and the peak outbreak time can be wide even in highly populated center or a network of such centers . in principle , the probability density function ( pdf ) , its standard deviation , and other important characteristics for the outbreak forecast could be determined by a direct numerical simulation . however , this simulation ma", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.16859526932239532, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We study the stochastic dynamics of an epidemic outbreak in a highly populated center or in a network of populated centers. The probability density function ( pdf ) is calculated by a direct numerical simulation, which can be used to predict the peak outbreak time and the standard deviation of the number of infectives. We find that the maximum likelihood of the initial number of infectious diseases is small, but the mean field approximation ( hydrodynamic limits ) of the appropriate statistical models is not large enough.", "reference_summary": "epidemic dynamics in a stochastic network of interacting epidemic centers is considered . the epidemic and migration processes are modelled by markov s chains . explicit formulas for probability distribution of the migration process are derived . dependence of outbreak parameters on initial parameters , population , coupling parameters is examined analytically and numerically . the mean field approximation for a general migration process is derived . an approximate method allowing computation of"}
{"id": "paper_188", "title": "Using the overlap - dirac operator proposed by neuberger , we have computed in lattice qcd the one...", "text": "in recent years remarkable progress has been made towards formulations of lattice fermions which have no doublers and possess an exact chiral symmetry without giving up desirable features like flavor symmetry , locality , unitarity or gauge - invariance . the ginsparg - wilson relation has been recognized as the fundamental condition in this context , and a dirac operator which satisfies this relation can indeed describe chiral fermions on the lattice . one of the possible solutions of the ginsparg - wilson relation has been found by neuberger starting from the overlap formalism . in the massless case the overlap - dirac operator is , \\ ] ] where in terms of the usual wilson - dirac operator , \\ ] ] .\\ ] ] in the range the right spectrum of massless fermions is obtained . for a quark of bare mass the overlap - dirac operator becomes since additive mass renormalization is forbidden , one avoids altogether a source of systematic errors that is always present with wilson fermions . lscher has shown that a fermion obeying the ginsparg - wilson relation possesses an exact chiral symmetry of the general form a fully legitimate form of global chiral symmetry is thus preserved for finite lattice spacing . the expected value of the global anomaly ( which comes from the non - invariance of the fermionic integration measure under the transformations above ) , the atiyah - singer index theorem on the lattice and the chiral ward identities are then fully attained before taking the continuum limit . thus , the central point in this framework is not to insist on the lattice form of the canonical chiral transformations ( in fact actions satisfying eq . ( [ eq : gw ] ) are not chirally invariant in the canonical sense ) , but rather be satisfied with a modified form of the chiral symmetry . the nielsen - ninomyia theorem is then circumvented altogether , and it is possible to define chiral fermions without doublers or breaking of flavor symmetry or other unpleasant drawbacks . the c", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17518258094787598, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new approach to the formulation of lattice fermions which have no doublers and possess an exact chiral symmetry without giving up desirable features like flavor symmetry, locality, unitarity or gauge - invariance. The ginsparg - wilson relation is a fundamental condition for formulating lattics which have zero doubler and have an exact form of global chirals. In this framework, we show that a fermion obeying the GINSCHAR - lattique relation can indeed describe.", "reference_summary": "using the overlap - dirac operator proposed by neuberger , we have computed in lattice qcd the one - loop renormalization factors of ten operators which measure the lowest two moments of unpolarized and polarized non - singlet quark distributions . these factors are necessary to extract physical numbers from monte carlo simulations made with overlap fermions . an exact chiral symmetry is maintained in all our results , and the renormalization constants of corresponding unpolarized and polarized "}
{"id": "paper_189", "title": "We present _ herschel _ far - infrared and submillimeter maps of the debris disk associated with...", "text": "true solar system analogues , systems of multiple planets with evidence for warm and cold dust disk components , have few representatives outside our own . a recently recognized exception is the hr 8799 ( an a5v star at 39.9 pc ) system which hosts a directly imaged multi - planet system and shows evidence for warm and cold dust disk components . four planetary companions have been detected around hr 8799 at projected separations of 15 , 24 , 38 and 68 au . evidence for a circumstellar dust disk has been known for some time , and _ spitzer _ observations have revealed that the disk must contain multiple dust components . found evidence for three disk components : a warm central component , an outer `` cold component '' extending from 90 - 300 au , and an external halo of small grains extending to an outer radius of 1000 au . the relatively young age of this system ( the most recent estimate gives an age of 20 - 50 myr , * ? ? ? * ) makes it especially intriguing , since this is the currently favored epoch for the formation of terrestrial planets . cccc 1342223848/9 & 9/10 july 2011 & pacsphoto 70/160 & 9018 2 + 1342223850/1 & 10 july 2011 & pacsphoto 100/160 & 7890 2 + 1342234924 - 28 & 18 dec 2011 & spirephoto & 169 5 [ obslog ] ccccc 70 & 5.5 x 5.8 & 5.1 & 0.4 & 0.338 + 100 & 6.7 x 6.9 & 4.45 & 0.5 & 1.43 + 160 & 10.7 x 12.1 & 9.55 & 0.6 & 8.90 + 250 & 18.7 x 17.5 & 0.3 & 4.0 & 25.16 + 350 & 25.6 x 24.2 & 0.3 & 3.4 & 29.01 + 500 & 38.2 x 34.6 & 0.3 & 4.8 & 20.70 [ obsdetails ] we also have an ideal viewing angle toward this system , as the orbital plane of the planets and disk appear to lie very close to the plane of the sky , although the inclination of the star has been estimated to be in excess of 40 by . a face - on geometry makes it possible to observe azimuthal variations in the disk structure , as well as radial ones ( e.g. , eri , and vega , , though see and ) . the presence of so many giant planets in a system makes it inevitable that the debris disk has ", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.25259852409362793, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new study of the hr 8799 system which hosts a multi - planet system with evidence for warm and cold dust disk components. We find that the system is a single - star system at 39.9 pc, and has a relatively young age. The planetary companions are found to be in the range of,, +, =, * _ spitzer _ ( a5v ), which is, in the, analogue of h 87 99.", "reference_summary": "we present _ herschel _ far - infrared and submillimeter maps of the debris disk associated with the hr 8799 planetary system . we resolve the outer disk emission at 70 , 100 , 160 and 250 and detect the disk at 350 and 500 . a smooth model explains the observed disk emission well . we observe no obvious clumps or asymmetries associated with the trapping of planetesimals that is a potential consequence of planetary migration in the system . we estimate that the disk eccentricity must be . as in "}
{"id": "paper_190", "title": "Tilted - axis cranking calculations have been performed for multi - quasiparticle states in well...", "text": "the moments of inertia of deformed atomic nuclei at low spins are a factor of two or three smaller than the rigid - body value . the reduction is attributed to the strong pair correlations , because nuclei in the ground state are in a superfluid condensed state . angular momentum is generated by either rotating the deformed superfluid or by breaking cooper pairs from this condensed state . in order to reach high spins , an increasing number of cooper pairs are broken , which reduces and finally quenches the pair condensate . it has been often stated that after this transition , the moments of inertia should reach the rigid - body value . however , this conjecture is based on the consideration of two special cases : ( i ) the limit of large particle number , where the nuclear shell structure becomes unimportant ; and ( ii ) nucleons in a harmonic oscillator potential at its equilibrium deformation . particularly for independent particles in a harmonic oscillator potential well , the moment of inertia has in the limit of vanishing angular velocity exactly the rigid - body value in any combination of stationary single - particle states provided the total energy is stationary with respect to volume - conserving variations of the equipotential ellipsoids . at finite angular velocity , the condition for the rigid - body value is that the second moments of the density distribution should have the ratio of the squares of the axes of the oscillator - plus - centrifugal equipotential ellipsoids , which is not exactly equivalent to a stationary energy . these results have led to the expectation that in real nuclei , the moment of inertia would not be very different from the rigid - body value if the pairing is quenched . this expectation was substantiated by early studies like , for example , that in ref. of more realistic single - nucleon potentials , which seemed to indicate that permitting the nuclear system to relax to an equilibrium shape generally tends to reduce deviati", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17102380096912384, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We study the moments of inertia of deformed atomic nuclei at low spins. The moment of inersti is a factor of two or three smaller than the rigid - body value, and it is attributed to the strong pair correlations, because nucleions are in a superfluid condensed state. This result is based on the consideration of two special cases: ( i ) the limit of large particle number, where the nuclear shell structure becomes unimportant; and ( n ) nucleons.", "reference_summary": "tilted - axis cranking calculations have been performed for multi - quasiparticle states in well deformed a nuclei . in the limit of zero pairing , not only are the calculated moments of inertia substantially smaller than for rigid rotation , but also they are close to the experimental values . the moments of inertia are found to be insensitive to dynamic pair correlations ."}
{"id": "paper_191", "title": "We present a new dynamical model describing 3d motion in non axially symmetric galaxies", "text": "to study the dynamical behavior of galaxies it is necessary to build a model describing the properties of the system . information on the construction of dynamical models of galaxies are provided usually from observations , made after some necessary simplifying assumptions . on the other hand , it is a fact that galactic dynamical models are successful and realistic , only if the modeled characteristics agree with the corresponding observational data . in most cases , the galactic models are spherical or axially symmetric , in an attempt to simplify the study of orbits . for instance , in a spherical system all three components of the angular momentum and of course the total angular momentum is conserved . thus , we have a plane motion , which takes place in the plane perpendicular to the vector of the total angular momentum . on the other hand , in an axially symmetric system , where the motion is described by a potential the component of the angular momentum is conserved and the motion takes place in the meridional plane , which rotates non - uniformly around the axis of symmetry with angular velocity . spherical models for galaxies were studied by [ ,, ] . moreover , interesting axially symmetric galaxy models were presented and studied by [ ] . recently , [ ] used data derived from rotation curves of real galaxies , in order to construct a new axially symmetric model describing the motion in both elliptical and disk galaxy systems . of particular interest , are the so - called composite galactic dynamical models . in those models the potential has several components each describing a part of the system . such a dynamical model composed of four components , that is a disk , a nucleus , a bulge and a dark halo was studied by [ ] . a new composite mass model describing motion in axially symmetric galaxies with dark matter was recently presented and studied by [ ] . composite axially symmetric galaxy models describing the orbital motion in the galaxy were also studi", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.16537564992904663, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We study the dynamical behavior of galaxies in a composite galactic model. The potential has several components each describing a part of the system. We also study the motion in axially symmetric galaxis with dark matter.", "reference_summary": "we present a new dynamical model describing 3d motion in non axially symmetric galaxies . the model covers a wide range of galaxies from a disk system to an elliptical galaxy by suitably choosing the dynamical parameters . we study the regular and chaotic character of orbits in the model and try to connect the degree of chaos with the parameter describing the deviation of the system from axial symmetry . in order to obtain this , we use the smaller alingment index ( sali ) technique by numerical"}
{"id": "paper_192", "title": "We use detailed balance for a hadron composed of quark and gluon fock states to obtain parton...", "text": "there has been considerable interest in the flavor dependence of the proton s quark and antiquark distributions . the first measurement of the asymmetry was made by the nmc group . the integral of this distribution showed a violation of the gottfried sum rule . later , drell - yan and deep inelastic scattering experiments determined the bjorken- dependence of the asymmetry . the meson cloud model and the sullivan process were used to explain the momentum fraction distribution of ; many other models have been proposed . most recently , zhang and collaborators have used a simple statistical model to calculate the distribution in the proton . they consider the proton to be an ensemble of quark - gluon fock states , and use detailed balance or the principle of balance \" to determine the distribution functions for all partons of the proton . despite its simplicity , the model does reasonably well in predicting the distributions of partons , as well as for that of . the excess of over comes about from the 2:1 ratio of u : d , which provides an excess of quarks for the annihilation of s . zhang , zou , and yang ( zzy ) write a general fock state expansion for the proton as with the number of pairs , the number of pairs and the number of gluons . the states are normalized such that the sum of the probabilities of finding a proton in the state summed over all , , and is unity , in zzy s statistical model , detailed balance between any two fock states requires that in which is the transfer rate of state into state . transfer rates between states are assumed to be proportional to the number of partons that can split or recombine . taking into account two processes , and , zzy find that this equation , together with the normalization condition ( [ norm ] ) , determines all the . it is clear from this equation that states , labelled by , are suppressed relative to states , labelled by . summing over all states , zhang et al . find , remarkably close to the experimental value of ", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.16761338710784912, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a simple statistical model for the distribution of the proton in the presence of a large number of quark - gluon fock states. The model is based on the principle of balance, and it is able to predict the distributions of partons, as well as that of.", "reference_summary": "we use detailed balance for a hadron composed of quark and gluon fock states to obtain parton distributions in the proton and pion on the basis of a simple statistical model . + * parton distributions in the proton and pion * * mary alberg and ernest m. henley * + + _ department of physics , seattle university , seattle , wa 98122 , usa _ + _ institute for nuclear theory , university of washington , seattle , wa 98195 , usa _"}
{"id": "paper_193", "title": "This review is focussed on the outer halos of elliptical galaxies", "text": "in current hierarchical theories , elliptical galaxies represent an advanced stage of the galaxy formation process : they are massive galaxies found in dense environments . they reflect ` early ' conditions in galaxy formation as well as subsequent merging processes , making the study of their properties particularly interesting . however , their old stellar populations and complicated orbital structure make many important questions harder to answer for ellipticals than for spirals . this includes cosmological questions about their ages and precise formation mechanism , about the concentration of their dark matter halos , and the segregation of baryonic matter , as well as dynamical questions about the orbit distribution and total angular momentum , to name only a few . the subject of this review is the halos of elliptical galaxies and how planetary nebulae observations and dynamical modelling can help answer some of these questions . several other papers in this session elaborate on the topics discussed here . planetary nebulae ( pne ) are excellent test particles to trace the kinematics in the outer halos of elliptical galaxies . they occur as a brief stage in the late evolution of stars with masses between , when these stars evolve from the asymptotic giant phase to their final white dwarf stage . their nebular gas envelope converts up to 15% of the central star s radiation energy to photons in the characteristic [ oiii ] emission line [ 1 ] . from this emission line , pne can be identified and their radial velocities measured spectroscopically at distances of up to 2030 mpc . with 8 m class telescopes [ 2 ] or the special - purpose planetary nebula spectrograph ( pn.s ) [ 3 ] , several hundred pne have been found in giant elliptical galaxies with distance up to the virgo cluster . the pn number density approximately follows the surface density of stars ; thus a few tens of pne can be used to measure the stellar kinematics at several effective radii , where the s", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17823626101016998, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a review of the halos of elliptical galaxies and how planetary nebulae observations can help answer some of these questions. In particular, we discuss the implications of planetary observations for galaxy formation and dynamics.", "reference_summary": "this review is focussed on the outer halos of elliptical galaxies . its emphasis is on ( i ) planetary nebulae as test particles to trace the stellar kinematics at large radii , ( ii ) the observed angular momentum in elliptical galaxy halos and its theoretical relevance , ( iii ) dynamical modelling of stellar - kinematic data , and ( iv ) a discussion of the evidence for dark matter halos in ellipticals from a wide range of measurements ."}
{"id": "paper_194", "title": "The interplay between local , repulsive interactions and disorder acting only on one spin...", "text": "experiments with optically controlled cold atoms are able to turn new concepts and theoretical models into reality. for example , the bose - hubbard hamiltonian was realized and the superfluid - insulator transition was observed, a fermionic mott insulator was created, anderson localization was detected, the spin hall effect was measured, and exotic features such as fractional statistics were perceived. in particular , such experiments make it possible to simulate models and discover phenomena which are absent in solid state physics . one such model , namely fermions on a lattice with spin - dependent hopping , was already realized. in another experiment a spin - dependent periodic potential was formed. a possible next step is to implement a lattice system with spin - dependent disorder by combining spin - dependent and local random potentials. spin - dependent disorder may , in principle , be realized experimentally by focusing light beams with different polarization on an optical lattice , after having been scattered from a diffusive plate. this leads to a spin - dependent , speckle - type effective random potential which is characterized by a short correlation length and pronounced statistical independence and which acts differently on particles with different spin orientation in the ground state . thereby spin - dependent speckle - type disorder modifies the local one - particle energies , hopping amplitudes , and interparticle interaction potentials . in this paper we discuss the anderson and mott metal - insulator transitions ( mit ) within the fermionic hubbard model in the presence of spin - dependent disorder . surprisingly , up to now the influence of such a type of disorder on correlated lattice fermions has not yet been investigated in detail . scalettar and collaborators analyzed the pairing instability in the attractive case , while the present authors studied the thermodynamical properties in the repulsive case. by employing the dynamical mean - field", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.1732023060321808, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We study the anderson and mott metal - insulator transitions ( mit ) in the fermionic hubbard model with spin - dependent disorder. We find that the andson and mot - metal insulators transitions are significantly affected by spin, while the mott metallic insulation transitions have a significant effect on the local one - particle energies, hopping amplitudes.", "reference_summary": "the interplay between local , repulsive interactions and disorder acting only on one spin orientation of lattice fermions ( spin - dependent disorder \" ) is investigated . the nonmagnetic disorder vs. interaction phase diagram is computed using dynamical mean - field theory in combination with the geometric average over disorder . the latter determines the typical local density of states and is therefore sensitive to anderson localization . the effect of spin - dependent disorder is found to be "}
{"id": "paper_195", "title": "Student - generated multiple - choice questions ( mcqs ) revised by the instructor were used to...", "text": "both for students and researchers it is important to provide answers to already existing questions ; however , being able to properly formulate and to prioritize questions based on previous knowledge is of no lesser importance . the relevance of question posing in science is emphasized by a famous quote attributed to einstein : `` if i had an hour to solve a problem and my life depended on the solution , i would spend the first 55 minutes determining the proper question to ask '' . by way of contrast , traditional teaching has largely failed to promote the students question posing abilities . while traditional learning strategies based on instructor - generated questions , brain storming and drill - and - practice undoubtedly continue to be a must in the classroom , contemporary educational systems are increasingly placing emphasis on strategies assigning the student a more active role in learning and assessment processes . activities involving question - posing and answering are clearly one such strategy , the benefits of which have been widely documented in the existing literature on the subject . some of the above benefits are nicely summarized in ref . as follows : `` developing a deeper understanding of the subject content learned , shifting from acquiring to using knowledge , achieving a sense of ownership of the subject contents as well as their learning experience , developing higher order thinking skills , generating more diverse and flexible thinking , becoming more involved in ( and in control of ) their learning , facilitating small group communication regarding the interacting topic , building up self - confidence about the subject matter and developing interest and ability in the follow - up problem - solving activity ( ... ) . in addition , problem - posing has value for the instructors of the classes as well , particularly because it reveals insight into students abilities with the subject content and helps to provide an accurate assessment of what l", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Philosophy", "topic_confidence": 0.1932588666677475, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a study of the effects of question - posing on students in the context of science and mathematics. We show that the use of question- posed questions is an effective way to improve students ' knowledge of the subject, which is important for their learning and assessment processes.", "reference_summary": "student - generated multiple - choice questions ( mcqs ) revised by the instructor were used to design an educational game and to set part of the exam in the framework of an elementary course in photonics . an anonymous survey among the students revealed their general satisfaction with the method . the exam results of students who had been asked to author mcqs were compared to those of a control group subject to traditional teaching . the results of the former in the mcq test of the exam were si"}
{"id": "paper_196", "title": "We present an alternative technique for measuring the precursor masses of transient events in stars...", "text": "energetic and luminous transients mark the final stages of massive stars evolution . these transients include core - collapse explosions leading to type ii and ib / c supernovae ( sne ) , luminous blue variable ( lbv ) outbursts , and other more mysterious transients such as the optical transients in ngc 300 and ngc 6946 ( sn 2008s ; * ? ? ? * ) . current stellar evolution models indicate that the mapping between progenitor stars and the type of supernova is determined primarily by the zero age main - sequence mass and the star s mass - loss history . the theoretical expectations are that the most massive stars ( ) experience tremendous mass loss at the end of their lives , expelling their hydrogen and/or helium envelopes before exploding as sn type ib / c ; somewhat less massive stars ( ) are assumed to lose less mass as they evolve , and explode as sn type ii with their hydrogen envelopes intact . this picture is supported by observations . on the other hand , theoretical expectations for the progenitors of optical transients such as ngc 300 ot2008 - 1 and sn 2008s are lacking . empirically , lbvs are expected to be and estimates for ngc 300 ot2008 - 1 and sn 2008s place the progenitor mass somewhere between 6 and 20 . however , it is unclear whether the latter are sne resulting from the collapse of o / ne cores ( hereafter referred to as electron - capture sne ; * ? ? ? * ; * ? ? ? * ; * ? ? ? * ) , an extension of the lbv outburst phenomena to lower masses , or a new class of transient due to an unknown mechanism . at this juncture , progress in understanding the origins of these transients would be aided by the addition of observational constraints . the increasing prevalence of time - domain observations is adding to the number of transients identified , but the most basic property of the transients their stellar mass remains largely unknown . one approach to constraining the masses of the stars showing transients is to use precursor imaging ( e.g. , * ? ? ? i", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17917004227638245, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new study of the origins of luminous blue variable ( lbv ) transients in ngc 300 and ngca 6946. We find that the lv outbursts are a result of the collapse of o / ne cores, and that the progenitor stars have a mass loss history of around 6 to 20. This is consistent with the theory that the most massive stars experience mass loss at the end of their lives, expelling their hydrogen envelopes before exploding as.", "reference_summary": "we present an alternative technique for measuring the precursor masses of transient events in stars undergoing late stage stellar evolution . we use the well - established techniques of stellar population modeling to age - date the stars surrounding the site of the recent transient event in ngc 300 ( ngc 300 ot2008 - 1 ) . the surrounding stars must share a common turnoff mass with the transient , since almost all stars form in stellar clusters that remain physically associated for periods longe"}
{"id": "paper_197", "title": "In this note , we construct a non - constant continuous function r$ ] which cuts the real axis...", "text": "the relation between the measure theoretic and topological properties of canter set and generalized cantor sets are always surprising in their own right . in addition , the real valued functions on these sets have many applications in counterexamples . for example see for interesting applications of cantor sets and the related notions . the purpose of this note is to construct a continuous function   r$ ] which cuts the real axis uncountable times and it is not absolutely continuous . note that we say a continuous function   r$ ] cuts the real axis at if and for each open interval of , there exist some points and such that and . recall that a function   r$ ] is said to be _ * absolutely continuous * _ if for each there exists such that whenever are pairwise disjoint open subintervals of $ ] for which . we construct a sequence of continuous functions on $ ] such that whose uniform limit is the desired function . first , divide the interval $ ] to three equal segments . define on $ ] as follows : it is easy to see that is continuous and it s graph is an isosceles triangle with the height . draw this triangle on the intervals $ ] and $ ] every other one , symmetrically . let be the function on $ ] whose graph is as above . from now on , our aim from upper(lower ) triangle in each step is those triangles that their corresponding function s values are positive(negative ) , respectively . for construction of , fix the lower triangle drawn on the interval $ ] in the graph of and divide both intervals $ ] and $ ] to three equal segments . now , define the function on the interval $ ] as follows : it is not difficult to verify that is continuous and it s graph is an isosceles triangle with the height . now , draw this triangle on the intervals $ ] and $ ] every other one , symmetrically . then , copy the obtained graph on the interval $ ] , on the interval $ ] exactly and suppose that the obtained graph on the interval $ ] is . for the step 3 , fix two lower triangles drawn ", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.1659933477640152, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We construct a continuous function on $ ] which cuts the real axis uncountable times and it is not absolutely continuous. For each open interval of, there exist some points and such that and. We construct an sequence of continuous functions on $] such that whose uniform limit is the desired function. First, divide the interval $ ]. We construct the function on$ ] as follows: it is easy to see that is continuous and it s graph is an isosceles triangle with the height. Now, draw this triangle on the intervals $.", "reference_summary": "in this note , we construct a non - constant continuous function   r$ ] which cuts the real axis uncountable times and also it is not absolutely continuous . functions of this type are very scarce in the literature ."}
{"id": "paper_198", "title": "A phenomenological kinetic energy theory of buoyant multiphase plumes is constructed , being...", "text": "the motivation for studying bubble plumes is evident , from the fact that these plumes are encountered in a variety of engineering problems . to mention a few , plumes have been used to damp sea waves in harbours ( pneumatic breakwaters ) , to prevent surface ice formation in harbours , to mix stratified fluid layers , to re - aerate lakes , and finally to protect installations from shock waves produced by underwater explosions ( cf . , for instance , bhaumik , 2005 ) . with increasing subsea activities plumes have acquired increased importance from a risk assessment point of view . it becomes imperative to obtain knowledge about the implications of a rupture , or even a breakage , of a subsea pipeline . thus in case of an underwater blowout of inflammable gas , one wishes answers to the following questions : what is the concentration of gas at the free surface ? what is the extension of the area covered by gas at the free surface ? what is the rising time of the gas ? the aim of the present work is to provide a theoretical framework from which answers to these questions can be given , in a quick and reasonably accurate way . our approach is based on the kinetic energy method , proposed by one of the present authors some years ago in the case of air - bubble plumes ( brevik 1977 , 1996,1999 ) . the essential generalization of the present paper is that we allow for dissolution of the gas . therewith a realistic answer to the first question above becomes in principle obtainable . especially when the plume is arising from large depths , the gas dissolution is expected to be an important factor . figure 1 sketches a plume coming from a gas release at depth . it is useful to divide the plume into three different zones : the zone of flow establishment ( zfe ) is characterized by high gas concentration and flow conditions changing rapidly with the height above the real source ( we thus do not introduce a virtual source being displaced some distance downward from the real s", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17993873357772827, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a theoretical framework for the theory of bubble plumes. It is based on the kinetic energy method proposed by one of the present authors some years ago in the case of air - bubble plume ( brevik 1977, 1996,1992 ). The aim of this paper is to provide a realistic answer to the first question above, in a quick and reasonably accurate way.", "reference_summary": "a phenomenological kinetic energy theory of buoyant multiphase plumes is constructed , being general enough to incorporate the dissolution of the dispersive phase . we consider an axisymmetric plume , and model the dissolution by means of the ranz - marshall equation in which there occurs a mass transfer coefficient dependent on the plume properties . our kinetic energy approach is moreover generalized so as to take into account variable slip velocities . the theoretical model is compared with v"}
{"id": "paper_199", "title": "A theoretical analysis about the influence of the hertz elastic contact on a three body chain...", "text": "when two balls are dropped together , both vertically aligned and hitting the ground at the same time , an interesting rebound effect is obtained . if the smaller ball is above , it may rise surprisingly high into the air . this effect may still be enhanced if one drops a chain of balls , ordered by their relative weight , the lightest ball at the top . this system was already discussed in pedagogical articles more than 30 years ago , assuming perfect and independent elastic collisions between each pair of balls . it was considered an attractive and ideal system to study elastic collisions . however , if the balls are dropped together , all collisions will happen at the same time . because they are not instantaneous , the final velocity distribution of the balls will be dependent on the particular interactions between them , even in those cases where the interactions are elastic , _ i.e. _ , with no loss of energy . in their beautiful article , the class of w. g. harter considered at some point non - instantaneous collisions . to study them , they introduced a simple quasi - linear model , which could be valid if we think not of spheres but of uni - dimensional springs . the dynamical differential equations were solved using an analog computer program . however , they concluded that the quasi - linear model did not agree with their experimental results , and they proposed a phenomenological non linear model . the interaction field was then obtained directly from empirical data , by dropping a ball onto a painted flat metal surface from varying heights . in this way the interaction could be plotted as a function of the spot size , and eventually as a function of the depression of the ball . although the strategy to obtain the non linear interaction was remarkable , the discussion that followed was not sufficiently developed . in fact , from the theoretical point of view and as a first approximation , the analysis of the non - instantaneous multiple collisions effect ", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.1655200719833374, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We study the non - instantaneous multiple collisions effect in a system of two balls dropped together. The non linear model is a simple quasi - linear model, which can be valid if we think not of spheres but of uni - dimensional springs. We also investigate the nonlinear interaction field by dropping a ball onto a painted flat metal surface from varying heights, and then as a function of the depression of the ball.", "reference_summary": "a theoretical analysis about the influence of the hertz elastic contact on a three body chain collision is presented . in spite of the elastic character of the collision , the final velocity of each particles depends on the particular interaction between them . a system involving two elastic spheres falling together one in top of the other under the action of gravity , and colliding with an horizontal hard wall is studied in detail . the effect of the hertz contact interaction can be easily put "}
{"id": "paper_200", "title": "In ion traps , entangling gate operations can be realized by a bichromatic pair of laser beams that...", "text": "the processing of information based on the laws of quantum physics has become a very active field of research during the last decade . for the experimental demonstration of fundamental key results of quantum information theory , ion - trap based systems have played a major role . the success of ion trap experiments can be attributed to the fact that encoding quantum information in either hyperfine ground or meta - stable excited atomic states provides well - defined quantum bits ( qubits ) with long coherence times . the use of lasers for manipulating the qubit state allows for precisely switchable interactions with low decoherence rates . the fundamental operations of qubit initialization , arbitrary single qubit manipulation and quantum state - detection have already been used in atomic clocks with single ions for many years . contrary to other realizations of quantum information processing , the most demanding operation in ion traps consists in the realization of an entangling gate operation . because of the repulsive coulomb force , the inter - ion distance is orders of magnitude bigger than the characteristic length scale of any state - dependent interaction between ions in ground or low - lying excited states . in all current experiments creating entangled ions , gate operations rely on interactions that are mediated by the vibrational degrees of freedom of the ion string . these gate operations fall into two categories : 1 . quantum gates induced by a laser beam that interacts with a single ion at a time as originally proposed in the seminal paper by i. cirac and p. zoller and later realized by the innsbruck ion trapping group . in these gates , a single ion is entangled with a vibrational mode of the ion string and the entanglement is subsequently transferred from the vibrational mode to the internal state of a second ion . 2 . quantum gates induced by a bichromatic laser that collectively interacts with two or more ions . here , a vibrational mode becomes t", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17631447315216064, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new method for the realization of quantum gates in ion traps. This method is based on the entangling gate operation, which is a key feature of the current experiments with single ions. The resulting gate operation is characterized by the interaction between two or more ions and the vibrational modes of the ionic string.", "reference_summary": "in ion traps , entangling gate operations can be realized by a bichromatic pair of laser beams that collectively interact with the ions . in this paper , a new method of modelling the laser - ion interaction is introduced that turns out to be superior to standard techniques for the description of gate operations on optical qubits . the treatment allows for a comparison of the performance of gates based on and interactions on optical transitions where the bichromatic laser field can be realized b"}
{"id": "paper_201", "title": "We use the hb13 stellar population synthesis models to study the rle of interacting binary pairs as...", "text": "the spectral energy distribution of many early type galaxies ( etgs ) and spiral galaxy bulges increases to shorter wavelengths in the range from 1200 to 2000 . this phenomenon is called uvx or uv upturn ( cf . figure [ fig : dcc ] ) . observational evidence shows that uvx increases with stellar metallicity . found that etgs with bluer 1550-v colour have larger stellar velocity dispersion and higher absorption line index . giant elliptical galaxies with large values have [ mg / fe ] index higher than most metal rich stars in the solar neighbourhood . the work of and reinforces the conclusion of that metallicity is a fundamental parameter , and that the stronger cases of uvx occur in massive metal rich ( ) etgs . the launch of the galaxy evolution explorer ( _ galex _ ) satellite revolutionised the study of the uv emission of galaxies . combined _ galex _ and sloan digital sky survey ( _ sdss _ , ) observations have revealed that a substantial fraction ( 30% ) of etgs exhibit strong nuv and fuv emission , consistent with residual star formation , and that only a small percentage ( 5% ) of etgs shows the classical uvx . using galex colours combined with sauron spectroscopy , and rejecting galaxies with recent star formation , found that galaxies with bluer fuv - v colour have stronger mg__b _ _ and lower absorption . this result suggests that galaxies with bluer fuv - v are older or have higher metallicity , or both . a similar conclusion was reached by studying a sample of 150 red and passive coma cluster galaxies with spectroscopic age and estimated element abundances determinations . they also found a strong correlation of fuv - nuv colour with age and metallicity . nowadays , the favoured candidate sources for the uvx are extreme horizontal branch ( ehb ) stars and their descendants . ehb stars are low - luminosity core he - burning stars with temperatures reaching up to 23000 k and lifetime yr . hence , they are difficult to observe , but they contribute consider", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.1814575493335724, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new study of the uvx emission of galaxies with bluer fuv - v colour. Using _ galex _ and sloan digital sky survey ( _ sdss _ ( ), we find that a significant fraction ( 30% ) of early type galaxias exhibit strong nuv and fuv emission, consistent with residual star formation. This result suggests that galaxii have older or higher metallicity, or both.", "reference_summary": "we use the hb13 stellar population synthesis models to study the rle of interacting binary pairs as progenitors of ehb stars . we assemble a sample of 3417 early type galaxies observed both in the optical ( _ sdss_-dr8 ) and the uv ( _ galex_-gr6 ) . the galaxies in our sample can be classified according to their position in the colour - colour diagram as uv weak or red sequence galaxies ( ) , uv strong or uvx galaxies ( ) , and recent star forming galaxies ( ) . analysing this sample using the "}
{"id": "paper_202", "title": "The phase diagram of nuclear matter is quite rich - it shows such phenomena as phase - transitions...", "text": "let us consider asymmetric nuclear matter ( anm ) characterized by a proton and a neutron densities , . these densities can be transformed in a set of 2 mutually commuting charges , where is the density of baryons , and the asymmetry density . in infinite matter , the extensivity of the free energy implies that it can be reduced to a free energy density : the system is stable against separation into two phases if the free energy of a single phase is lower than the free energy in all two - phases configurations . this stability criterium implies that the free energy density is a convex function of the densities . a local necessary condition is the positivity of the curvature matrix : =  [ }{  _ { i}  _ { j}}|_{t} ]   [ }{  _ { j}}|_{t} ] \\ ] ] where we have introduced the chemical potentials . we represent in fig . [ fig1 ] the energy surface as a function of and , deduced from sly230a skyrme interaction . in the symmetric case ( ) , one can see the negative curvature of the energy which defines the spinodal area , whereas in pure neutron matter ( ) , no negative curvature and so no spinodal instability are predicted . we can also notice that the isovector density dependence is almost parabolic illustrating the positivity of . and for the sly230a interaction . the contour delimitate the spinodal area . ] we show in fig . [ fig2 ] several aspects of the spinodal contour defined as the region where the matrix $ ] is negative . in the left part is plotted the spinodal contour in anm for several forces . it exhibits important differences . in the case of sly230a force ( as well as sgii , d1p ) , the total density at which spinodal instability appears decreases when the asymmetry increases whereas for siii ( as well as d1 , d1s ) it increases up to large asymmetry and finally decreases . we observe that all forces which fulfill the global requirement that they reproduce symmetric nuclear matter ( snm ) equation of state as well as the pure neutron matter calculations , le", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.1746625453233719, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We consider asymmetric nuclear matter ( anm ) with a proton and neutron densities. The free energy density is a convex function of the density, which can be reduced to a free energy. In the symmetric case, the spinodal area is defined as the region where the matrix $ ] is negative. For the sgii force ( as well as syii ( aswell as d1p ), it exhibits important differences.", "reference_summary": "the phase diagram of nuclear matter is quite rich - it shows such phenomena as phase - transitions , formation of condensates , clustering , etc . from the analysis of the spinodal instability , one can learn about the region of liquid - gas coexistence in nuclear matter at low densities and finite isospin asymmetries . in a recent paper , we have shown that asymmetric nuclear matter at sub - nuclear densities should undergo only one type of instability . the associated order parameter is domina"}
{"id": "paper_203", "title": "We study the light -even neutral higgs boson production in association with an electron and a jet...", "text": "one of the most significant tasks for high - energy experiments is to search for scalar higgs particles . although the standard model ( sm) has achieved impressive experimental success , the higgs boson , which is predicted by the sm for spontaneous electroweak symmetry breaking , remains a mystery . moreover , there exists the problem of the quadratically divergent contributions to the corrections to the higgs boson mass , which is the so - called naturalness problem . alternative conceptional difficulties , such as the hierarchy problem , the necessity of the tuning and the nonoccurrence of gauge coupling unification at high energies , suggest that the sm is probably the low - energy limit of a more fundamental theory . as the most hopeful extensions of the sm , the supersymmetric ( susy ) models can solve such problems mentioned above . the minimal supersymmetric standard model ( mssm) is the simplest one among all the susy extensions of the sm . in this model , two higgs doublets and give masses to up- and down - type fermions . the higgs sector consists of three neutral higgs bosons , one -odd particle ( ) , two -even particles ( and ) , and a pair of charged higgs bosons ( ) . however , these higgs bosons have not been directly explored experimentally until now . the lep experiments provided lower mass bounds as : for the sm higgs boson ( at c.l . ) , and for the mssm bosons and for ( at c.l.) . recently , a possible high - energy collider in - collision mode at the lhc , the large hadron - electron collider ( lhec ) , has been sketched . there will exist a rich physics program . the lhec can be used to accurately determine the parton dynamics and the momentum distributions of quarks and gluons in the proton , and furthermore it may play a significant role in the discovery and interpretation of new physics . the incoming proton beam at the lhec has an energy and the energy of incoming electron is considered as according to several scenarios , with the center -", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17046917974948883, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new method for the search of scalar higgs particles in the minimal supersymmetric standard model ( mssm ). This method is based on the lhec - based, large hadron - electron collider ( lhc ) experiment at the sm and m. The physics program is derived from the lep experiments.", "reference_summary": "we study the light -even neutral higgs boson production in association with an electron and a jet at the possible cern large hadron - electron collider within the minimal supersymmetric standard model . we investigate the possible supersymmetric effects on this process and compare our standard model numerical results with those in previous work . we present the leading - order and qcd next - to - leading - order corrected total cross sections and the distributions of the transverse momenta of th"}
{"id": "paper_204", "title": "In magnetic materials a variety of non - collinear ground state configurations may emerge as a...", "text": "* analytical model . * detailed theoretical study of nonlinear magnetization dynamics is rarely to be accomplished in closed analytical form , however before we present the results of our numerical simulations we elaborate a simple toy model which allows us to include all relevant interactions and make predictions which will be shown to be qualitatively correct . we examine the behaviour of a quasi - one - dimensional ferromagnet with lack of inversion symmetry located along axis placed in the transverse magnetic field : the hamiltonian ( per a unit volume ) of such a system is known to incorporate the terms due to exchange , dzyaloshinskii - moriya , and zeeman interaction . we have also included , a component which stands for easy - plane ( plane ) anisotropy in the expression ( [ magnen ] ) . in the following we assume the magnetisation is determined by a vector field , so that , while and are coordinates of space and time ; the parameters , , and represent exchange and dm couplings , and magnetic anisotropy respectively . in the absence of an external field dm favours the formation of a spiral structure along the axis , which is incommensurate with the underlying crystalline structure , whereas the magnetic field , applied in the direction , tends to align the spins in this direction . the delicate interplay between these two interactions may lead to the formation of elongated domains of width ( see below in the text ) in which magnetisation is uniform . there exists a critical field , where as long as the system is collinear , ferromagnetic . the vector field allows a parametrisation with polar and azimuthal angles : . there are many magnetic materials where the magnetic anisotropy is very high , so that . for such systems one can use , where . if this is the case , the landau - lifshitz equation , combined with the hamiltonian in eqn.[magnen ] , leads to the following equations for the leading order terms for : where is the gyromagnetic ratio . note that subst", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17040562629699707, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a simple toy model for the magnetisation of quasi - one - dimensional ferromagnets with lack of inversion symmetry located along axis placed in the transverse magnetic field. The model is based on the landau -lifshitz equation and the hamiltonian, which are both integrals of the eqn.[magnen ] equation. We also consider the behaviour of a quasi - two - dimension ferromet with absence of inverted symmetry.", "reference_summary": "in magnetic materials a variety of non - collinear ground state configurations may emerge as a result of competition among exchange , anisotropy , and dipole - dipole interaction , yielding magnetic states far more complex than those of homogenous ferromagnets . of particular interest in this study are particle - like configurations . these particle - like states , e.g. , magnetic solitons , skyrmions , or domain walls , form a spatially localised clot of magnetic energy . in this paper we addre"}
{"id": "paper_205", "title": "A strongly coupled quark - gluon plasma ( qgp ) of heavy constituent quasiparticles is studied by a...", "text": "investigation of properties of the quark - gluon plasma ( qgp ) is one of the main challenges of strong - interaction physics , both theoretically and experimentally . many features of this matter were experimentally discovered at the relativistic heavy ion collider ( rhic ) at brookhaven . the most striking result , obtained from analysis of these experimental data , is that the deconfined quark - gluon matter behaves as an almost perfect fluid rather than a perfect gas , as it could be expected from the asymptotic freedom . there are various approaches to studying qgp . each approach has its advantages and disadvantages . the most fundamental way to compute properties of the strongly interacting matter is provided by the lattice qcd . interpretation of these very complicated computations requires application of various qcd motivated , albeit schematic , models simulating various aspects of the full theory . moreover , such models are needed in cases when the lattice qcd fails , e.g. at large baryon chemical potentials and out of equilibrium . a semi - classical approximation , based on a point like quasi - particle picture has been introduced in . it is expected that the main features of non - abelian plasmas can be understood in simple semi - classical terms without the difficulties inherent to a full quantum field theoretical analysis . independently the same ideas were implemented in terms of molecular dynamics ( md ) . recently this md approach was further developed in a series of works . the md allowed one to treat soft processes in the qgp which are not accessible by perturbative means . a strongly correlated behavior of the qgp is expected to show up in long - ranged spatial correlations of quarks and gluons which , in fact , may give rise to liquid - like and , possibly , solid - like structures . this expectation is based on a very similar behavior observed in electrodynamic plasmas . this similarity was exploited to formulate a classical non - relativist", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17658059298992157, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We study the properties of the quark - gluon plasma ( qgp ) in terms of molecular dynamics ( md ). The main features of the qcd are studied in terms, namely, the asymptotic freedom and the lattice qd. We show that the mcd is a simple semi - classical approximation for the scalar - like behavior of the matter.", "reference_summary": "a strongly coupled quark - gluon plasma ( qgp ) of heavy constituent quasiparticles is studied by a path - integral monte - carlo method , which improves the corresponding classical simulations by extending them to the quantum regime . it is shown that this method is able to reproduce the lattice equation of state and also yields valuable insight into the internal structure of the qgp . the results indicate that the qgp reveals liquid - like rather than gas - like properties . at temperatures ju"}
{"id": "paper_206", "title": "We consider deflection of polarizable molecules by inhomogeneous optical fields , and analyze the...", "text": "optical dipole forces acting on molecules in nonresonant laser fields is a hot subject of many recent experimental studies . by controlling molecular translational degrees of freedom with laser fields , novel elements of molecular optics can be realized , including molecular lens and molecular prism . the mechanism of molecular interaction with a nonuniform laser field is rather clear : the field induces molecular polarization , interacts with it , and deflects the molecules along the intensity gradient . as most molecules have anisotropic polarizability , the deflecting force depends on the molecular orientation with respect to the deflecting field . previous studies on optical molecular deflection have mostly considered randomly oriented molecules , for which the deflection angle is somehow dispersed around the mean value determined by the orientation - averaged polarizability . the latter becomes intensity - dependent for strong enough fields due to the field - induced modification of the molecular angular motion . this adds a new ingredient for controlling molecular trajectories , which is important , but somehow limited because of using the same fields for the deflection process and orientation control . in this work , we show that the deflection process can be significantly affected and controlled by _ preshaping _ molecular angular distribution _ before _ the molecules enter the interaction zone . this can be done with the help of numerous recent techniques for laser molecular alignment , which use single or multiple short laser pulses ( transform - limited , or shaped ) to align molecular axes along certain directions . short laser pulses excite rotational wavepackets , which results in a considerable transient molecular alignment after the laser pulse is over , i.e. at field - free conditions ( for reviews on field - free alignment , see , e.g. ) . field - free alignment was observed both for small diatomic molecules as well as for more complex molecules , ", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.16715885698795319, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new method for controlling optical dipole forces acting on molecules in nonresonant laser fields. The technique is based on preshaping molecular angular distribution before the molecules enter the interaction zone. This allows to control the deflection process and orientation control by pres shaping the moleculaire angulation.", "reference_summary": "we consider deflection of polarizable molecules by inhomogeneous optical fields , and analyze the role of molecular orientation and rotation in the scattering process . it is shown that molecular rotation induces spectacular rainbow - like features in the distribution of the scattering angle . moreover , by preshaping molecular angular distribution with the help of short and strong femtosecond laser pulses , one may efficiently control the scattering process , manipulate the average deflection a"}
{"id": "paper_207", "title": "It is well known that the strong subadditivity theorem is hold for classical system , but it is...", "text": "entropy is an important concept not only for physics but also for information science . from the definition of entropy , we can get some simple properties of it , such as concavity , continuity property , additivity and subadditivity . but some other properties is not so obvious , such as the strong subadditivity theorem ( ssa ) . among all of the properties of entropy , the most famous one is the ssa , and it is very difficult to prove this theorem for quantum system . the content of this theorem can be expressed as the following : two overlapping subsystem and , the entropy of their union ( ) plus the entropy of their intersection ( ) does not exceed the sum of the entropies of the subsystems ( and ) , that is where it is well known that this theorem is true for classical information theory , but to prove this theorem is true for quantum system is very difficult . this theorem is first conjectured to be true for the quantum system by lanford and robibson . the first proof of this conjecture is given by lieb _ _ several years later . this proof is based on the concave of the function in . another proof based on the same fact was proposed by uhlmann . recently , quantum information theory attracts more and more attentions for its misterious properties and its potential applications in science and technology . the ssa plays an important role in this new field too . the fundamental scource in quantum information is entanglement between many particles which can be viewed as the relations between the partial particles . so distinguish whether a set of the partial particles come from a single state ( -representability problem) and further to obtain its entanglement property are important in quantum information while ssa gives a strong constraint on the partial particles and the whole system . the convenience of the ssa is that it has explicit physical and manipulating meaning . so it is a convenient necessary criterion for the -representability problem . recently , we us", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Philosophy", "topic_confidence": 0.1762908548116684, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We study the strong subadditivity theorem ( ssa ) for quantum system. We prove this theoretic by using the concave of the function in. The result is obtained for the -representability problem and its entanglement property.", "reference_summary": "it is well known that the strong subadditivity theorem is hold for classical system , but it is very difficult to prove that it is hold for quantum system . the first proof of this theorem is due to lieb by using the lieb s theorem . here we use the conditions obtained in our previous work of matrix analysis method _ _ to give a new proof of this famous theorem . this new proof is very elementary , it only needs to carefully analyse the minimal value of a function . this proof also shows that th"}
{"id": "paper_208", "title": "The search for novel spintronic devices brings about new ways to control switching in magnetic thin...", "text": "and optimizing the switching of thin magnetic films in a variety of spintronic devices has been of great interest since the discovery of giant magnetoresistance ( gmr ) - . many ways of control have been demonstrated such as spin - torque , toggle and heat assisted switching to mention a few . today , the search for new applications has pushed the need even further . in thermally assisted mram the information is stored by exchange coupling between an antiferromagnetic ( afm ) and a ferromagnetic ( fm ) film . switching of the fm film is controlled by heating the two films above the nel temperature of the afm and then cooling down in the presence of an external magnetic field . recently a new device based on a novel way to control switching was proposed . by exchange coupling two fm films through a weakly fm alloy the coupling is controlled by changes in temperature . at room temperature the alloy is weakly fm and the two films are exchange coupled through the alloy . at a temperature higher than the curie temperature the alloy is paramagnetic and the two strongly fm films decouple . provided the films have separate switching fields their moments can then be aligned either parallel or antiparallel . either external or internal heating can be used . by using a weakly fm alloy of ni and cu , we demonstrate this new way to thermally control the switching of a magnetic film and how it can be used with a gmr read out layer . the complete device structure is shown in fig 1 . all films were deposited on thermally oxidized si substrates using magnetron sputtering at a base pressure better than torr . the bottom nife ( nife ) film was used as an underlayer to promote the growth of afm irmn ( irmn ) . the irmn was used to exchange bias a cofe ( cofe ) reference layer in a cofe / cu / nife gmr read out layer . a ni - cu alloy was cosputtered from ni and cu targets such that the curie temperature of the alloy was just above room temperature . on top of the alloy an exchange bias", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.18224658071994781, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new way to control the switching of thin magnetic films in a variety of spintronic devices. By using a weakly fm alloy of ni and cu, we demonstrate that the switching is controlled by changes in temperature. At room temperature the two films are exchange coupled through the alloy and the two strongly fM films decouple. The two strong fmm films can then be aligned either parallel or antiparallel.", "reference_summary": "the search for novel spintronic devices brings about new ways to control switching in magnetic thin - films . in this work we experimentally demonstrate a device based on thermoelectrically controlled exchange coupling . the read out signal from a giant magnetoresistance element is controlled by exchange coupling through a weakly ferromagnetic ni - cu alloy . this exchange coupling is shown to vary strongly with changes in temperature , and both internal joule heating and external heating is use"}
{"id": "paper_209", "title": "We present numerical simulations that include 1-d eulerian multi - group radiation - hydrodynamics...", "text": "since the original identification of interacting supernovae ( sne ; ; ) and the creation of the sn iin class , the sample of such peculiar type ii sne has grown from a few to a few tens of events . it has also revealed an intriguing diversity , spanning a range of luminosities , duration , line profile morphology , with events like sne 1988z , 1994w , 2006gy , and the enigmatic sn2009ip . the origin of type iin sne is associated with the interaction of fast material with previously - expelled slowly - expanding material . the resulting shock leads to deceleration of the inner shell , acceleration of the outer shell , and conversion of kinetic energy into internal and radiative energy . because ( standard ) non - interacting sne radiate merely 1% of their total energy ( the rest being kinetic ) , interacting sne can easily reach extraordinary luminosities by tapping this abundant reservoir of kinetic energy . for example , an interaction extracting 30% of a ejecta could produce a sn iin with a luminosity of 10 for 3 months . super luminous interacting sne require both a high kinetic energy in the inner shell and a large mass reservoir in the outer shell ( see , e.g. , ) . two good examples of such sne iin are sn2006gy and more recently sn2010jl . the latter has extensive photometric and spectroscopic observations and also has spectropolarimetric data . how stars produce the outer shell is unclear it may be material ejected by the pair - production instability or it may be material ejected via a super - eddington wind . here , we simply consider the interaction between a fast moving inner shell and a slowly - moving massive outer shell , and leave aside speculations concerning their origin . numerical simulations of interacting sne are generally undertaken with radiation hydrodynamics , hydrodynamics combined with a parameterised cooling function , or pure hydrodynamics ( by assuming adiabaticity ; see , e.g. , ) . when studying super - luminous sne iin , radiation hy", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17898644506931305, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a numerical simulation of the interaction between a fast moving inner shell and a slowly - moving massive outer shell in the presence of a supernova. We consider the interaction with a slow - expanding material, which is a type iin, and show that it can be explained by the interaction of kinetic energy with kinetic energies. The resulting shock leads to deceleration of the inner shell, acceleration of the outer shell.", "reference_summary": "we present numerical simulations that include 1-d eulerian multi - group radiation - hydrodynamics , 1-d non - local - thermodynamic - equilibrium ( non - lte ) radiative transfer , and 2-d polarised radiative transfer for super - luminous interacting supernovae ( sne ) . our reference model is a inner shell with ramming into a cold outer shell ( the circumstellar - medium , or csm ) that extends from 10 to 2 cm and moves at 100 . we discuss the light curve evolution , which can not be captured "}
{"id": "paper_210", "title": "Let be the unique nonassociative finite simple moufang loop constructed over", "text": "let be a finite - dimensional vector space over a field , equipped with a quadratic form and a multiplicative operation . following , we say that is a _ composition algebra _ if is a _ nonassociative _ ring with identity element , is nondegenerate , and is satisfied for every , . the bilinear form associated with will also be denoted by . recall /that is defined by . write if , and set . the standard -dimensional real cayley algebra constructed by the _ cayley - dickson process _ ( or _ doubling _ ) is the best known nonassociative composition algebra . there is a remarkably compact way of constructing that avoids the iterative cayley - dickson process . as in , let , , , be a basis whose vectors are multiplied according to for , , . ( alternatively , see . ) the norm of a vector is given by . importantly , all the _ structural constants _ , defined by , are equal to , and therefore the construction can be imitated over any field . for of odd characteristic , let us denote the ensuing algebra by . when is even , the above construction does not yield a composition algebra . the following facts about composition algebras can be found in . every non - trivial composition algebra has dimension , or , and we speak of a _ complex _ , _ quaternion _ or _ octonion _ algebra , respectively . we say that is a _ division algebra _ if it has no zero divisors , else is called _ split_. there can be many non - isomorphic octonion algebras over a given field . exactly one of them is guaranteed to be split . moreover , when is finite , all octonion algebras over are isomorphic ( and thus split ) . let be the unique octonion algebra constructed over . all composition algebras satisfy the so - called _ moufang identities _ these identities are the essence of moufang loops , undoubtedly the most investigated variety of nonassociative loops . more precisely , a quasigroup is a _ moufang loop _ if it possesses a neutral element and satisfies one ( and hence all ) of the moufang identiti", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.1605791449546814, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We consider a non - trivial composition algebra over a finite field. The quaternion or octonion algebras are, and, complex. In this paper, we discuss the structure of the oblique - odyll - cayley algebra.", "reference_summary": "let be the unique nonassociative finite simple moufang loop constructed over . we prove that is the chevalley group , by extending multiplicative automorphism of into linear automorphisms of the unique split octonion algebra over . many of our auxiliary results apply in the general case . in the course of the proof we show that every element of a split octonion algebra can be written as a sum of two elements of norm one ."}
{"id": "paper_211", "title": "The crab nebula and the pulsar have been pointed several times by the bepposax satellite", "text": "it is well known since early x - ray observations that the spectral energy distribution of the crab pulsar ( psr b0531 + 21 ) is changing along with its double peak pulse profile . the intensity ratio of the second to the first peak increases from the soft x - rays up to the mev region where it reaches the highest value ( see the data archive of massaro , feroci & matt 1997 ) . the origin of this effect is not understood up to now . pulse shapes have been computed for different accelerator sites : polar caps ( sturner & dermer 1994 , daugherty & harding 1996 , miyazaki & takahara 1997 ) , outer gaps ( chiang & romani 1994 , romani & yadigaroglu 1995 ) and closed magnetosphere ( eastlund , miller & michel 1997 ) . these theoretical profiles , in some cases symmetric , do not match the energy dependence of the peak intensity ratio and can not explain the spectral changes across the pulse profile . a first phase resolved x - ray spectroscopy of the crab pulsar was performed by pravdo & serlemitsos ( 1981 ) who used the data of one day long observation of oso 8 . more recent data , with a much finer phase resolution , were presented by pravdo , angelini & harding ( 1997 , hereafter pah ) who analysed the rossixte data between 5 and 250 kev . the italian - dutch satellite bepposax observed the crab nebula and pulsar in 1996 during the science verification phase ( mineo et al . 1997 ) . from that epoch to the end of 1998 this source was pointed several times because it is used for a calibration check of the narrow field instruments ( hereafter nfi ; for a detailed description of the scientific payload of bepposax see boella et al . all these observations , when summed together , provide a high statistics data set which can be used for a very accurate phase resolved spectroscopy of the pulsed emission over an energy range wider than two orders of magnitude , from about 0.1 up to 300 kev . in this paper we present the results of an accurate spectral analysis that shows in d", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.19853399693965912, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a phase resolved x - ray spectroscopy of the crab pulsar ( psr b0531 + 21 ). The spectral energy distribution of the second to the first peak is determined by the double peak pulse profile, which is symmetric. We find that the spectra of the two pulses are different from those of the first and second peak profiles.", "reference_summary": "the crab nebula and the pulsar have been pointed several times by the bepposax satellite . we analysed all these observations , summed together , to study the main spectral properties with a good phase resolution . a new accurate estimate of the hydrogen column density in the crab direction =3.23 is given as derived from the analysis of the off - pulse emission at low energies . we studied the changes of the spectral index with the pulse phase and showed that in the interpeak region it is system"}
{"id": "paper_212", "title": "We report quantum monte carlo ( qmc ) , plane - wave density - functional theory ( dft ) , and...", "text": "one of the most important goals of _ ab initio _ computational electronic - structure theory is the development of accurate methods for describing interatomic bonding . quantum monte carlo ( qmc ) techniques are useful in this regard as they can provide a highly accurate description of electron correlation effects . although qmc methods are computationally expensive , they can be applied to systems which are large enough to model condensed matter . in this study we have considered solid neon , in which the bonding arises from the competition between short - range repulsion and the van der waals attraction between the atoms . high - quality experimental measurements of the equation of state ( eos ) exist , which can be used as reference data . furthermore , various neon pair potentials have been developed using experimental and theoretical data , which can also be used for comparison purposes . solid neon is therefore an ideal system in which to test the descriptions of van der waals bonding and short - range repulsion offered by various theoretical methods . we have calculated theoretical eos s for crystalline neon using the qmc and density - functional theory ( dft ) _ ab initio _ electronic - structure methods as well as various interatomic pair potentials . standard dft methods do not describe van der waals bonding accurately , but they might be expected to work quite well at high densities , where the short - range repulsion dominates . the high - pressure properties of neon are of some experimental interest , because neon is often used as a pressure - conducting medium in diamond - anvil - cell experiments. we have therefore extended the range of our qmc eos for neon to very high pressures ( about 400 gpa ) . the zero - point energy ( zpe ) of the lattice - vibration modes makes a small but important contribution to the total energy of solid neon . we have therefore studied the lattice dynamics of solid neon within the quasiharmonic - phonon approximation and w", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17848561704158783, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We have calculated the equation of state ( eos ) for solid neon using the qmc and density - functional theory ( dft ) _ ab initio _ electronic - structure methods. The eeo is a measure of the energy of the lattice - vibration modes in the quasiharmonic - phonon approximation. We also calculate the zero - point energy of lattics in the w - wave approximilation.", "reference_summary": "we report quantum monte carlo ( qmc ) , plane - wave density - functional theory ( dft ) , and interatomic pair - potential calculations of the zero - temperature equation of state ( eos ) of solid neon . we find that the dft eos depends strongly on the choice of exchange - correlation functional , whereas the qmc eos is extremely close to both the experimental eos and the eos obtained using the best semiempirical pair potential in the literature . this suggests that qmc is able to give an accur"}
{"id": "paper_213", "title": "The two - point angular correlation function is a standard analysis tool used to study angular...", "text": "the two - point angular correlation function ( tpacf ) , denoted as , is the frequency distribution of angular separations between celestial objects in the interval . the tpacf is normalized to zero when integrated over all separation angles . a positive value of indicates that objects are often found with these separations , zero indicates no correlation , and a negative value indicates anti - correlation . the tpacf was developed for studying galaxy clustering , but has since been applied to gamma - ray burst angular distributions . it has been used extensively in this field , primarily for studying repetition and clustering . the technique has been found to be superior in repetition testing to nearest neighbor analysis , although it has not been compared directly to detailed multipole analysis . the tpacf has also been used in burst distance scale studies as an m31 test . angular sky exposure is important to the modeling of burst angular distributions . the gamma - ray burst angular distribution detected by batse is highly isotropic . however , batse s sky exposure is slightly anisotropic , and has been specified via a sky exposure map . this anisotropy is due primarily to earth blockage . it causes a small systematic deviation from isotropy that could show up in the gamma - ray burst angular distribution . in this study , we identify the form of the tpacf taken by batse sky exposure in the case of a large ( infinite ) number of detected bursts . we also search the batse 3b and 4b catalogs to determine to what extent this effect is present . two methods have been used to calculate the tpacf while including sky exposure effects : ( a ) monte carlo simulations of random burst catalogs are performed using sky exposure as a mask , and ( b ) summation of isotropic sampled points with the declination - dependent sky exposure are performed . the first technique requires simulation of gamma - ray burst catalogs , using an assumed isotropic gamma - ray burst angular distr", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17321129143238068, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a method for calculating the two - point angular correlation function ( tpacf ) in the case of large ( infinite ) detected bursts. The method is based on monte carlo simulations of random burstic catalogs with declination - dependent sky exposure. We find that the tPACF is taken by batse sky exposure in the cases of a large number of detected burstings, and that the effect is not significant.", "reference_summary": "the two - point angular correlation function is a standard analysis tool used to study angular anisotropies . since batse s sky exposure ( the angular sampling of gamma - ray bursts ) is anisotropic , the tpacf should at some point identify anisotropies in batse burst catalogs due to sky exposure . the effects of batse sky exposure are thus explored here for batse 3b and 4b catalogs . sky - exposure effects are found to be small ."}
{"id": "paper_214", "title": "The chaperonin groel - groes , a machine which helps some proteins to fold , cycles through a...", "text": "* rationale for using the self - organized polymer ( sop ) model for allosteric transitions : * several studies have shown that the gross features of protein folding , mechanical unfolding of proteins and rna and the complicated global motions of large systems can be captured using native structure - based models . more recently , such native structure - based methods have also been used to probe transitions between two given end - point structures and to ascertain the nature of robust modes that mediate the allosteric transitions . in order to realistically simulate transitions between distinct allosteric states , it is necessary to use simple coarse - grained models that can be used to capture , at least qualitatively , the inherent dynamics connecting two or more states . although simple elastic network models have given insights into the nature of low frequency dynamics of a number of systems , the inherent linearity of the model limits their scope when dealing with potential non - linear motions that must be involved in the allosteric transitions . we have recently introduced a novel class of versatile structure - based models that incorporates the fundamental polymeric aspects of proteins and rna . the sop model , which is easily adopted for use in very large systems , has already proven to be successful in obtaining a number of totally unanticipated results for forced - unfolding and force - quench refolding of rna and proteins . building on the successful application to single molecule force spectroscopy of biomolecules we used a variant of the sop model to probe the complex allosteric transitions in a prototypical biological nanomachine , namely , the _ e. coli . _ chaperonin groel . structures of groel ( , , and ) , that are populated in the reaction cycle , have been determined ( see fig . s1 for a side view ) . given the two allosteric states ( say and of groel ) we induce transitions between the two states by switching the energy function representing o", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17217689752578735, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a novel class of versatile structure - based models that incorporates the fundamental polymeric aspects of proteins and rna. These models are used to probe the complex allosteric transitions in a prototypical biological nanomachine, namely _ e. Coli. _ chaperonin groel. The model is based on a self - organized polymer ( sop ) model that includes the basic polymeric features of proteins, and a non - linear dynamical function that can be used to simulate the.", "reference_summary": "the chaperonin groel - groes , a machine which helps some proteins to fold , cycles through a number of allosteric states , the state , with high affinity for substrate proteins ( sps ) , the atp - bound state , and the ( ) complex . structures are known for each of these states . here , we use a self - organized polymer ( sop ) model for the groel allosteric states and a general structure - based technique to simulate the dynamics of allosteric transitions in two subunits of groel and the hepta"}
{"id": "paper_215", "title": "The general features of baryon form factors calculated with point form kinematics are derived", "text": "the calculation of hadronic form factors within the framework of poincar covariant quantum mechanics involves the following two separate ingredients : ( 1 ) bound - state wave functions , which represent vectors in the representation space of the little group of the poincar group , and ( 2 ) current operators that are covariant under a kinematic subgroup . covariant conserved currents are generated from these ingredients by the dynamics , while the choice of the kinematic subgroup specifies the form of kinematics . spectator currents , by definition , commute with quark spectator momenta , the definition of which depends on the choice of a form of kinematics . with instant and front form kinematics spectator currents provide an impulse approximation , in which the spatial structure of the bound - state wave function determines the quantitative features of the form factors . when the spatial extent of the bound - state wave function is scaled unitarily to zero both instant and front form kinematics yield form factors , which are independent of momentum transfer . point - form kinematics employs the full lorentz group as the kinematic subgroup . in this case the lorentz covariant spectator currents probe the velocity structure specified by the bound - state wave function . when the extent of the wave function is scaled unitarily to zero , point - form kinematics yields a nontrivial scaling limit for the form factors , which depends on the shape of the wave function . at high values of momentum transfer the scaled form factors decrease with an inverse power of the momentum transfer . the power is determined by the current operator and is independent of the shape of the wave function . a derivation of these features is presented in sections 2 and 3 below . the purpose here is to illuminate the unfamiliar qualitative features of relativistic quantum mechanics with point form kinematics . relations to quantum field theory are beyond the scope of this article . recently po", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.16496169567108154, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new method for the calculation of hadronic form factors in the framework of poincar covariant quantum mechanics. The method is based on the kinematic subgroup, which is a kinetic subgroup that is covarient under a quark spectator momenta. It is shown that the lorentz currents are covariants under the full lorENTz group. This technique allows to calculate the form factors with an impulse approximation.", "reference_summary": "the general features of baryon form factors calculated with point form kinematics are derived . with point form kinematics and spectator currents hadronic form factors are functions of and , over a range of values , are insensitive to unitary scale transformations of the model wave functions when the extent of the wave function is small compared to the scale defined by the constituent mass , . the form factors are sensitive to the shape of such compact wave functions . simple 3-quark proton wave"}
{"id": "paper_216", "title": "We present an efficient method for the calculation of free energy landscapes", "text": "the characteristics and the behaviour of physical systems can be understood and predicted by the investigation of the underlying free energy landscape . the knowledge of this often complex surface allows one to determine reaction pathways for chemical reactions as well as stable configurations for proteins and glass - forming systems . a successful tool for these studies are computer simulations which help to explore the characteristics of the system in detail . naturally , during the last years a lot of effort has been spent to develop novel efficient and time - saving methods . + specifically in protein sciences , the free energy approach is promising for the investigation of unknown folding mechanisms . to achieve a proper description of the dynamical behaviour , the trajectories may be projected onto a set of well chosen collective variables which allow to define an effective energy landscape . these variables can be interpreted as effective reaction coordinates spanning the phase space respectively the free energy space of the system . well known collective variables are the number of native contacts , dihedral angles and the essential eigenvectors or principal components of the protein . thus a set of well suited reaction coordinates offers the opportunity to describe the folding or unfolding of a protein adequately without too much loss of information . + however , it has to be mentioned that in some cases suitable collective variables are hard to determine . the investigation of the underlying dynamics of the system can then be performed by computational methods like discrete path sampling and transition path sampling to overcome this problem . these techniques represent computational algorithms which are not dependent on the usage of collective variables . + experiments and computer simulations have shown that naturally occuring proteins often have free energy landscapes with global funneling properties . nevertheless local minima can occur which represent ", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17346426844596863, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a computational method for the investigation of the free energy landscape of proteins in the presence of a set of well chosen collective variables. This technique is used to describe the dynamical behaviour of the system and to study the dynamics of the systems. It is shown that the free energies are derived from the interaction between the two components of the protein.", "reference_summary": "we present an efficient method for the calculation of free energy landscapes . our approach involves a history dependent bias potential which is evaluated on a grid . the corresponding free energy landscape is constructed via a histogram reweighting procedure a posteriori . due to the presence of the bias potential , it can be also used to accelerate rare events . in addition , the calculated free energy landscape is not restricted to the actual choice of collective variables and can in principl"}
{"id": "paper_217", "title": "I give an introduction to the problem of isospin violation and add some comments to the various...", "text": "isospin symmetry was introduced in the thirties by heisenberg in his studies of the atomic nucleus . since then , many particles have been found to appear in iso multiplets , like the nucleons , the pions , the delta isobars , a.s.o . with the advent of qcd , a deeper understanding of isospin symmetry has emerged . in the limit of equal up and down current quark masses and in the absence of electroweak interactions , isospin is an exact symmetry of qcd . the intra multiplet mass splittings allow to quantify the breaking of this symmetry , which is caused by different mechanisms ( for a detailed review , see ref. ) . first , the light quark masses are everything but equal ( still , their absolute masses are much smaller than any other qcd scale and thus this breaking can be treated as a perturbation ) . second , the light quarks have different charges and thus react differently to the electromagnetic ( em ) interactions . the em effects are also small since they are proportional to the fine structure constant . in the case of the pions , the mass splitting is almost entirely of em origin . this can be traced back to the absence of d like couplings in su(2 ) , thus promoting the quark mass difference to a second order effect . for the nucleons , matters are different , strong and em effects are of similar size but different signs . the fact that the neutron is heavier than the proton leads to the conclusion that , consistent with the analysis of the kaon masses . since we know that isospin is broken - so why bother ? first , the picture that has emerged from the hadron masses can not be considered complete , there is still on going discussion about the size of the violation of dashen s theorem , the possibility of a vanishing up quark mass to solve the strong cp problem and `` strange '' results from lattice gauge theory . also , the analysis of the quark mass dependence of the baryon masses remains to be improved ( for a classic , see ref. and a recent study , see re", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.1730506718158722, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new analysis of the quark mass dependence of the baryons in the presence of a vanishing up quark masses. The results are presented in terms of the qcd and the kaon masses, as well as the em effects.", "reference_summary": "i give an introduction to the problem of isospin violation and add some comments to the various topics addressed in the working group ."}
{"id": "paper_218", "title": "We have used observations taken under the _ fuse _ s405/s505 channel realignment program to explore...", "text": "the diffuse background from the ultraviolet ( uv ) to the infrared ( ir ) is an important tracer of the interstellar dust and most of our knowledge of the large scale distribution of the dust has come from missions such as _ iras _ and _ cobe _ ( see , for example , * ? ? ? scattering in the uv is complementary to the ir emission and the combination of the two can lead to a unique determination of the interstellar dust parameters . unfortunately , there have been few observations of the diffuse uv radiation field and those have been , to a large degree , controversial as indicated by the conflicting reviews by and . in the far - ultraviolet ( fuv - below 1200 ) band , which we address in this paper , the only significant body of observations comes from . they used the ultraviolet spectrographs ( uvs ) aboard the two _ voyager _ spacecraft finding that the fuv sky was very patchy with both dark and bright regions . in this work , we have used serendipitous observations from the _ far ultraviolet spectrographic explorer _ ( _ fuse _ ) under the s405/505 program to further probe the diffuse fuv sky . although _ fuse _ can not match the sensitivity of the _ voyager _ uvs for observations of diffuse sources because of its relatively small field of view , we have , nevertheless , found many locations that do indeed have a strong enough signal to be detected by _ fuse_. we concentrate here on presenting the overall results from our study and will discuss individual locations in detail in subsequent papers . the _ fuse _ spacecraft and mission has been described by and by . the instrument consists of four coaligned optical channels , two of which are coated with silicon carbide ( sic ) and two with lithium fluoride ( lif ) over aluminum providing coverage over the spectral range from 905 1187 . observations may be made through any of 3 apertures : the lwrs ( ) aperture ; the mdrs ( ) aperture ; and the hirs ( ) aperture . in principle , extended radiation will be visible in", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.180055171251297, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new study of the far ultraviolet ( fuv - below 1200 ) spectrum from the _ far ultraviolet spectrographic explorer _ ( _ fuse _ ) spacecraft under the s405/505 program. The results are presented in terms of the sensitivity of the two _ voyager _ spacecraft to the uv and the spectral range of the diffuse background.", "reference_summary": "we have used observations taken under the _ fuse _ s405/s505 channel realignment program to explore the diffuse fuv ( 1000 - 1200 ) radiation field . of the 71 independent locations in that program , we have observed a diffuse signal in 32 , ranging in brightness from 1600 photons sr s to a maximum of photons sr s in orion . the _ fuse _ data confirm that the diffuse fuv sky is patchy with regions of intense emission , usually near bright stars , but also with dark regions , even at low galactic"}
{"id": "paper_219", "title": "A systematic study of the temperature dependence of the shapes and pairing gaps of some isotopes in...", "text": "heating can have a profound effect on nuclear shapes , causing a variety of shape transitions . experimentally , such responses to the thermal excitations have been studied from the shapes of the giant dipole resonances(gdr ) built on excited states . theoretically , they have been studied earlier in a finite temperature non - relativistic microscopic hartree - fock and hartree - fock bogoliubov ( hfb ) framework with a pairing plus quadrupole ( p+q ) interaction . for the nuclei studied , it has been found that while the superfluid nuclear phase has transition to the normal phase typically at t mev , the deformed shapes have transition to the spherical ones at a higher temperature , mostly between t to 1.8 mev for rare - earth nuclei . these calculations , however , have some limitations ; they employ a simplistic model hamiltonian in a limited model space , an inert core is assumed , moreover , the coulomb interaction has not been taken into account realistically . the understanding of the universal pattern of the mean field shape evolution with temperature has also been tried in a macroscopic approach commonly referred to as the landau theory of phase transition . a quantitative estimate of the persistence of the ground state deformation with temperature is however seen to be missing in some cases . recently , we have undertaken a study of the thermal evolution of nuclear properties , particularly the phase transition in the nuclear shape and the superfluidity in the relativistic mean field ( rmf ) theory . the pairing effects have been included in the bcs approximation . the rmf theory has proved to be an extremely powerful tool in explaining the gross properties of nuclei over the entire periodic table . in contrast to the non - relativistic models , this theory employs a single set of parameters to explain all these properties . moreover , in such calculations , the model space used is sufficiently large and all the nucleons are treated on equal footing . the ", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.1770230531692505, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We study the thermal evolution of nuclear shapes in a finite temperature non - relativistic microscopic hartree - fock and hartreen - focalk bogoliubov ( hfb ) framework with a pairing plus quadrupole interaction. The model space is sufficiently large and all the nucleons are treated on equal footing. We find that the phase transition in the nuclear shape and the superfluidity in the relativistic mean field theory are consistent with the observed behavior of the ground state deformation.", "reference_summary": "a systematic study of the temperature dependence of the shapes and pairing gaps of some isotopes in the rare - earth region is made in the relativistic hartree - bcs theory . thermal response to these nuclei is always found to lead to a phase transition from the superfluid to the normal phase at a temperature mev and a shape transition from prolate to spherical shapes at mev . these shape transition temperatures are appreciably higher than the corresponding ones calculated in the non - relativis"}
{"id": "paper_220", "title": "We study the large reduced model of -dimensional yang - mills theory with special attention to the...", "text": "recently the large reduced models have been revived in the context of nonperturbative formulations of string theory . the iib matrix model , which is the reduced model of ten - dimensional supersymmetric yang - mills theory , is expected to be a nonperturbative formulation of superstring theory . in this article , we study the large reduced model of yang - mills theory , which we refer to as the `` bosonic model '' in what follows . it is nothing but the bosonic part of the iib matrix model . the action is given by ^ 2),\\ ] ] where are traceless hermitian matrices . we investigate the dynamical aspects of the model related to the eigenvalues of , which correspond to the space - time coordinates in the iib matrix model . one of the most important quantities is the extent of the space time defined by . we also define a quantity which represents the uncertainty of the space - time coordinates and an order parameter for the ssb of the lorentz invariance . we determine these values for the bosonic model by monte carlo simulation . for 2 with sufficiently large , the integral of is convergent without any cutoff because of an attractive potential between the eigenvalues of . this enables us to absorb by rescaling , which means that is nothing but a scale parameter . the large behavior of is , therefore , parametrized as , since is proportional to on dimensional grounds . in the iib matrix model , plays an important role to deduce the space - time dimension , which is to be determined dynamically from the eigenvalue distibution of . we determine for the bosonic model . the observables we measure are the following . where $ ] . here , we have normalized the above quantities so that they are dimensionless , and hence they are independent of . we note that can be obtained analytically as . in the fig . [ fig : d4ulog ] , we show our results of monte carlo simulation for 4 with 4 , 8 , 16 , 32 , 64 , 128 , 256 . one can see that are constant for . in fig . [ fig : d10ulog ] , w", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.16286695003509521, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We study the large reduced model of yang - mills theory by monte carlo simulation. The eigenvalues of are given by, which correspond to the space time coordinates in the iib matrix model. We determine these values for the bosonic model by monteinstein simulation, and show that they are dimensionless.", "reference_summary": "we study the large reduced model of -dimensional yang - mills theory with special attention to the dynamical aspects related to the eigenvalues of the matrices , which correspond to the space - time coordinates in the iib matrix model . we define a quantity which represents the uncertainty of the space - time coordinates and show that it is of the same order as the extent of the space time , which means that the classical space - time picture is maximally broken . the absence of the ssb of the l"}
{"id": "paper_221", "title": "Adiabatic invariants foliate phase space , and impart a macro - scale hierarchy by separating...", "text": "the process of self - organization of a structure may appear to be an antithesis of the maximum entropy _ ansatz _ , yet various nonlinear systems display what may be viewed as the simultaneous existence of order and disorder . this co - existence begins to make sense if the self - organization processes and the entropy principle were to manifest on different scales ; disorder can still develop at a microscopic scale while an ordered structure emerges on some appropriate macroscopic scale . writing a theory of self - organization , then , will be an exercise in delineating and understanding the characteristic _ scale hierarchy _ of the physical system . a biological body is a typical example in which an evident hierarchical structure is preprogrammed enabling effective consumption of energy and materials as well as emission of entropy and waste . a physical macro - system a collective system of simple elements ( a gravitational system , a plasma , etc.) is anchored on a different framework . an automatic emergence of scale hierarchy is not programmed ; yet the controlling nonlinear dynamics can mimic a fundamental process of _ creation_. in this paper we develop a new framework to expose the creation process in action . the ordering principle is generally epitomized in a constraint a possible conservation law that , by restricting the class of motions available to the system , limits its ability to degenerate into general disorder . the _ effective _ phase space ( ensemble ) limited by such a constraint is the relevant _ macro - hierarchy _ on which nontrivial structures emerge . by invoking the geometrical notion of hamiltonian mechanics , we formulate a macro - hierarchy as a _ casimir leaf _ of foliated phase space , i.e. , the level - set of a _ _ casimir invariant__ . the connection between the notion of scale hierarchy and a casimir invariant ( an _ a priori _ geometrical structure of the phase space ) is built by identifying a casimir invariant as an _ adiaba", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.1627800166606903, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We study the emergence of scale hierarchy in a nontrivial macro - system. We show that the level - set of a casimir invariant is an _ adiaba _ of foliated phase space, i. E., the level set of an adiabata.", "reference_summary": "adiabatic invariants foliate phase space , and impart a macro - scale hierarchy by separating microscopic variables . on a macroscopic leaf , long - scale ordered structures are created while maximizing entropy . a plasma confined in a magnetosphere is invoked to unveil the organizing principle in the vicinity of a magnetic dipole , the plasma self - organizes to a state with a steep density gradient . the resulting nontrivial structure has maximum entropy in an appropriate , constrained phase s"}
{"id": "paper_222", "title": "We present a new model for the x - ray properties of the intracluster medium that explicitly...", "text": "one of the fundamental puzzles of the x - ray universe concerns the relation between the x - ray luminosity and gas temperature of clusters of galaxies . a simple scaling analysis ( kaiser 1986 ) suggests that the temperature and luminosity should be related by . temperatures have now been measured for the diffuse x - ray emission for an extensive range of groups and clusters ( david et al . 1993 ; ponman et al . 1996 ; allen & fabian 1998 ; markevitch 1998 ; mulchaey & zabludoff 1998 ; arnaud & evrard 1999 ; helsdon & ponman 2000 ) . in contrast to the theoretical prediction , the observations show a much shallower trend , approximately . a closely related problem is the evolution of the cluster x - ray luminosity function . kaiser s ( 1986 ) analysis of the evolution of the x - ray properties of clusters suggested that dense , x - ray luminous associations of galaxies should be more numerous in the intermediate and high redshift universe . this possibility was soon ruled out by the initial results of the emss cluster survey ( gioia et al . 1990 ; henry et al . 1992 ) , which quickly established that clusters in the distant universe have a comparable space density to those of the local universe . this has been confirmed in more recent rosat surveys ( eg . , jones et al . 2000 ) . initially , one might have hoped that including radiative cooling of the gas ( omitted from kaiser s analysis ) might resolve this discrepancy . unfortunately , it is extremely difficult to obtain numerically convergent results from simulations once gas cooling is included . the difficulty is inherent to the problem . because the universe is dense at early times , cooling is initially very efficient . this leads to an unrealistically large fraction of the halo baryon content cooling at high redshifts to form very small galaxies . as white & rees ( 1978 ) , white & frenk ( 1991 ) , cole ( 1991 ) , suginohara & ostriker ( 1998 ) and pearce et al . ( 2000 ) amongst others have shown , some fo", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.18832340836524963, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a numerical simulation of the evolution of clusters in the x - ray universe with a gas cooling function. The results are presented as a result of a simple scaling analysis of the cluster x.", "reference_summary": "we present a new model for the x - ray properties of the intracluster medium that explicitly includes heating of the gas by the energy released during the evolution of cluster galaxies . we calculate the evolution of clusters by combining the semi - analytic model of galaxy formation of cole et al . with a simple model for the radial profile of the intracluster gas . we focus on the cluster x - ray luminosity function and on the relation between x - ray temperature and luminosity ( the t - l rel"}
{"id": "paper_223", "title": "We produce ultracold dense trapped samples of rbcs molecules in their rovibrational ground state ,...", "text": "in contrast to the case of homonuclear alkali dimers , whose excited states have a resonant dipole - dipole van der waals interaction , in heteronuclear dimers the excited and ground states both have van der waals interactions , where is the internuclear distance . this makes it more likely that a suitable excited state exists that simultaneously has good franck - condon overlap with the feshbach and ground states , making four - photon transfer schemes unnecessary . we initially chose laser wavelengths to address states of the strongly coupled system but found the ground - state transfer efficiency to be extremely poor , even though the predicted and measured laser couplings were strong . a transition to the , state worked much better and the results using this intermediate state are presented in this work . we attribute the low transfer efficiency to the fact that zeeman and hyperfine splittings in states are much smaller than our one - photon stirap linewidth ( , where and are the peak pump and dump rabi frequencies and is the stirap - pulse overlap time ) . in this case , multiple intermediate states are addressed simultaneously , which causes loss . while this can often be remedied by detuning far from all intermediate states , large rabi frequencies are often required . in stirap of cs , where the magnetic field is low enough that the total angular momentum is nearly a good quantum number , a fixed ratio between the dump and pump rabi frequencies of the multiple intermediate states exists and the losses are ameliorated . decomposing the feshbach state into its hund s case ( a ) nuclear - spin decoupled basis states reveals it to be a superposition of , 2 and 3 with only the component coupling to due to the selection rules and . here is the total molecular angular momentum excluding nuclear spin and is the projection of the total electron spin onto the internuclear axis . the intermediate state is actually not expected to allow coupling to the ground state due ", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17447429895401, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new method for decomposing the feshbach state into its hund s case ( a ) nuclear - spin decoupled basis states. This is a simple and efficient way to address multiple intermediate states in the strong coupled system. The two - photon transfer scheme is used to solve the problem of a single -photon coupling to the ground state.", "reference_summary": "we produce ultracold dense trapped samples of rbcs molecules in their rovibrational ground state , with full nuclear hyperfine state control , by stimulated raman adiabatic passage ( stirap ) with efficiencies of . we observe the onset of hyperfine - changing collisions when the magnetic field is ramped so that the molecules are no longer in the hyperfine ground state . a strong quadratic shift of the transition frequencies as a function of applied electric field shows the strongly dipolar chara"}
{"id": "paper_224", "title": "We numerically study the spin polarization of the fractional quantum hall state at filling factor", "text": "the most striking feature of the laughlin state describing the fractional quantum hall ( fqh ) effect at filling fraction is the appearance of quasi - particle excitations with fractional charge and fractional statistics . the idea of particles that do not behave as fermions or bosons , something that can occur in two spatial dimensions , is still a reason for wonder , and a motivation for seeking phases of matter with exotic excitations in low dimensions . the laughlin wavefunction served as a foundation to explain all the odd - denominator incompressible fqh states . however , it does not include the possibility of an even - denominator state . therefore , the quantum hall plateau observed at poses a special challenge . while various theories have been proposed for this state , much of the excitement has been generated by the possibility that it is a non - abelian topological state . in ground - breaking work , moore and read proposed the pfaffian wavefunction as a description of electrons in an incompressible half - filled landau level . conjectured that this ground - state may be realized at . recently , it was noted that there is another possible state , the so - called anti - pfaffian , which would be degenerate in energy with the pfaffian state in the absence of landau level mixing . since excitations above both the pfaffian and anti - pfaffian ground - states are non - abelian anyons , it has been suggested that the plateau can be a platform for topological quantum computation . therefore , determining the nature of the state has gained additional urgency , beyond fqh physics . in order to set a context for the importance of our theoretical numerical study of the 5/2 spin polarization question , we first briefly describe the highly confusing experimental status of the subject . immediately following the original discovery of the 5/2 fqhe , eisenstein et al . found that the application of a modest in - plane magnetic field destroys the fqhe . this was interpr", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17097967863082886, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a numerical study of the quantum hall plateau at filling fraction. We show that the pfaffian wavefunction is a description of electrons in an incompressible half - filled landau level. The polarization of the state is determined by the application of a modest in - plane magnetic field.", "reference_summary": "we numerically study the spin polarization of the fractional quantum hall state at filling factor . by using both exact diagonalization and the density matrix renormalization group ( dmrg ) methods on the sphere , we are able to analyze more values of partial spin polarization ( in addition to fully - polarized and unpolarized ) than any previous studies . we find that for the coulomb interaction the exact finite - system ground - state is fully polarized , for shifts corresponding to both the m"}
{"id": "paper_225", "title": "We define a bounded cohomology class , called the _ median class _ , in the second bounded...", "text": "the goal of this paper is to define a cohomological invariant of some non - positively curved metric spaces for a non - elementary action of a group and to use this invariant to establish rigidity phenomena . the paradigm is that bounded cohomology with non - trivial coefficients is the appropriate framework to study negative curvature . the first instance of this fact is the gromov sela cocycle on the real hyperbolic -space ( in fact , on any simply connected space with pinched negative curvature ) with values into the differential one - forms on ( see and ( * ? ? ? * ) ) . more recently , the same philosophy has been promoted by monod , monod shalom and mineyev monod shalom . they prove that a non - elementary isometric action on a negatively curved space ( belonging to a very rich class ) yields the non - vanishing of second bounded cohomology with appropriately defined coefficients of a geometric nature . such negatively curved spaces include proper cat(-1 ) spaces , gromov hyperbolic graphs of bounded valency , gromov hyperbolic proper cocompact geodesic metric spaces , or simplicial trees . on the other hand , if is a simple lie group with rank at least two and is any unitary representation with no invariant vectors , then , , thus showing that in non - positive curvature the situation can not be expected to be completely analogous . in this paper we move away from the negative curvature case and look at actions on cat(0 ) cube complexes . cat(0 ) cube complexes are simply connected combinatorial objects introduced by gromov in . they have been used is several important contexts , such as moussong s characterization of word hyperbolic coxeter groups in terms of their natural presentation , . a prominent use of cat(0 ) cube complexes was made by sageev in his thesis , : generalizing stalling s theorem on the equivalence between splittings of groups and actions on trees , , he proved an equivalence between the existence of an action of a group on a cat(0 ) cube ", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17190249264240265, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We study the rigidity phenomena of a non - elementary isometric action on a cat(0 ) cube complexes. We show that the non - trivial cohomology of bounded cohomological spaces with non _ trivial coefficients is not completely analogous to the non.", "reference_summary": "we define a bounded cohomology class , called the _ median class _ , in the second bounded cohomology with appropriate coefficients of the automorphism group of a finite dimensional cat(0 ) cube complex . the median class of behaves naturally with respect to taking products and appropriate subcomplexes and defines in turn the _ median class of an action _ by automorphisms of . we show that the median class of a non - elementary action by automorphisms does not vanish and we show to which extent "}
{"id": "paper_226", "title": "We study the stability of a bose - fermi system loaded into an array of coupled one - dimensional (...", "text": "the quest for lower temperatures in ultracold gases has lead to the development of many ingenious techniques to cool several atomic and molecular species . in particular , the explosion of activity concerning ultracold fermi gases has become possible largely owing to the success of sympathetic cooling , which allows to efficiently cool fermions by mixing them with bosons . at the same time , this procedure has stimulated the investigation , both experimental and theoretical , of bose - fermi mixtures . here , the possibility of tuning the inter - species interaction strength using feshbach resonances , has led to the exploration of many interesting phenomena such as collapse and phase separation , as well as boson - mediated cooper pairing . furthermore , feshbach resonances can also be used to generate heteronuclear molecules , which can exhibit large electric dipole moments . this opens the interesting possibility of studying dipole - dipole interactions in quantum degenerate gases . meanwhile , the advent of optical - lattice confinement has turned ultracold atomic gases into unique environments where to simulate and understand strongly correlated phenomena relevant to condensed matter systems . this has been made it possible , for example , by confining the atomic clouds in reduced dimensions , such as a one dimensional ( 1d ) array of two - dimensional ( 2d ) planes or a 2d array of 1d tubes . whereas the former has enabled the study of interesting phenomena occurring in two - dimensions , the latter has provided us with an amazingly tunable tool to explore the physics of interacting 1d quantum systems , of which it is much more difficult to find faithful realizations in a more conventional condensed matter context . array of one - dimensional ( 1d ) tubes of length . the fermions are light enough to hop between the tubes whereas bosons , which are assumed to be much heavier , are confined in the 1d tubes . the bosonic and fermionic wannier functions ( and , re", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17316730320453644, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We study the physics of a one - dimensional array of two -dimensional ( 1d ) tubes in a single - dimension environment. We find that the bosonic and fermionic wannier functions ( and, re ) are confined in the 1d tubes, while the bosons are assumed to be much heavier. This allows us to study the dynamics of interacting 1d quantum systems.", "reference_summary": "we study the stability of a bose - fermi system loaded into an array of coupled one - dimensional ( 1d ) `` tubes '' , where bosons and fermions experience different dimensions : bosons are heavy and strongly localized in the 1d tubes , whereas fermions are light and can hop between the tubes . using the yb-li system as a reference , we obtain the equilibrium phase diagram . we find that , for both attractive and repulsive interspecies interaction , the exact treatment of 1d bosons via the bethe"}
{"id": "paper_227", "title": "If there is cpt violation , the nature of entanglement for neutral meson pairs produced in meson...", "text": "the operator where is the charge conjugation operator , is the parity operator and the time reversal operator is a symmetry of the s matrix for local , unitary and lorentz invariant field theories . if one of these assumptions is not valid then may cease to be a symmetry or be ill defined . we shall consider the situation where an otherwise relativistic theory is not unitary . the lack of unitarity at a fundamental level will be postulated as due to space - time foam . in the decoherence scenario the s - matrix of the effective low - energy field theory would then have to be replaced by a linear non - factorisable superscattering operator relating initial and final - state density matrices if this is correct then the usual formulation of quantum mechanics has to be modified ; from the theory of open systems ( see e.g. , ) we know that , on tracing over the environmental degrees of freedom , a system can be described by a master equation +  \\ ] ] where is a liovillian superoperator . the foam can be regarded as an environment and so the open systems point of view is also a natural one . it should be pointed out that this suggestion may be invalid if there is _ holography _ in quantum gravity , such that any information on quantum numbers of matter , that at first sight appears to be lost into the horizon , is somehow reflected back from the horizon surface , thereby maintaining quantum coherence . this may happen , for instance , in some highly supersymmetric effective theories of strings , which however do not represent realistic low - energy theories of quantum gravity . supersymmetry breaking complicates the issue , thus spoiling complete holography . recently , s. hawking , inspired by the above recent ideas in string theory , has also argued against the loss of coherence in a _ euclidean _ quantum theory of gravity . in such a model , summation over trivial and non - trivial ( black - hole ) space - time topologies in the path over histories makes an asymptotic ", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17465318739414215, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We consider the _ euclidean _ quantum theory of gravity with a non - trivial ( black - hole ) space - time topology. In this model, the path over histories is a _ black _ hole, which is derived from the s - matrix of the effective low - energy field theory. The corresponding s matrix is based on a linear non - factorisable superscattering operator, and the resulting s matrix is compared to the ev.", "reference_summary": "if there is cpt violation , the nature of entanglement for neutral meson pairs produced in meson factories may , on general grounds , be affected . the new form of entanglement is the omega effect . gravitational decoherence , due to space - time foam , may be one route for deviations from cpt invariance . two models of space - time foam are considered . one , based on non - critical string theory , is able to produce the new correlations in a natural way . the other , based on the paradigm of t"}
{"id": "paper_228", "title": "Dynamical 2 + 1 flavour lattice qcd is used to calculate the splittings between the masses of...", "text": "hadrons containing a single bottom quark have received much attention recently . over the last decade , the bottom meson sector has been investigated in great detail at the factories ( belle and babar ) and using the tevatron at fermilab . with the recent d measurement of the baryon , we are rapidly approaching a complete picture of the ground - state bottom baryon sector as well . the start up of the large hadron collider ( lhc ) will dramatically increase our knowledge of physics ; both the dedicated physics experiment , lhcb , and the general purpose atlas and cms experiments expect to observe unprecedented numbers of pairs , many of which will hadronise to bottom mesons and baryons . in the bottom meson sector , many important observations have been made in the last decade , dramatically refining our knowledge of flavour physics . the ckm mechanism of the standard model currently provides a good description of current flavour - changing measurements of and mesons , bringing us into the precision era of flavour physics . the various lhc experiments aim to investigate the decays of bottom baryons with enough precision to further test the standard model . in particular , the fact that bottom baryon polarisation can be measured may uncover new right - handed couplings . to search for physics beyond the standard model in these systems , it is necessary to have accurate predictions from the standard model . typically , this requires non - perturbative evaluations of matrix elements from lattice qcd and thus an understanding of bottom hadrons in lattice qcd . the simplest properties of the bottom hadrons are their masses . before more complicated bottom observables can be predicted with any rigour , it is necessary to have reliable lattice calculations of the masses and mass splittings . there are many lattice studies of the mass of the mesons in the literature but fewer of the bottom baryons and , only recently , the first unquenched bottom baryon calculations have ap", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.1759686917066574, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new study of the bottom meson sector in the large hadron collider ( lhc ). The results are presented in terms of the mass and splittings of the mesons, as well as the masses and splitting of the top quarks. We also discuss the implications for the future of the lHc experiments.", "reference_summary": "dynamical 2 + 1 flavour lattice qcd is used to calculate the splittings between the masses of mesons and baryons containing a single static heavy quark and domain - wall light and strange quarks . our calculations are based on the dynamical domain - wall gauge field configurations generated by the rbc and ukqcd collaborations at a spatial volume of ( 2.7 fm) and a range of quark masses with a lightest value corresponding to a ( partially - quenched ) pion mass of mev . when extrapolated to the p"}
{"id": "paper_229", "title": "In this work , we explore the flavour changing decays in a general supersymmetric scenario", "text": "since the discovery of a scalar boson with mass gev , at the lhc in 2012 , the standard model ( sm ) picture may have been completed . indeed , if this scalar particle corresponds to the sm higgs boson , the sm could be the correct description of nature up to scales close to the planck mass . so far , all the experimental evidence seems to be pointing in the direction of confirming that it is really the missing piece of the sm puzzle . nevertheless the exploration of features of this particle is just beginning and further studies are needed to confirm its identity . from now on , our efforts to probe the sm and to search for physics beyond it may follow two complementary paths : i ) push the energy frontier in the search for new particles and interactions and ii ) increase the precision on the couplings of the first ( so far ) fundamental scalar ever discovered . indirect searches , which would include the latter path , searches of rare processes or higher order corrections to low energy couplings , have been very successful in the past and have led to the discovery of new particles such as the third generation quarks . they have also been instrumental in exploring the scale of new physics beyond the collider reach . in the case of the higgs boson , the study of its couplings can be the way to go . scrutinizing non - standard higgs couplings is a way to test the presence of additional scalar bosons even when their direct production is closed . in the models beyond the sm in which there exists more than one higgs doublet , as in a two higgs doublet model ( 2hdm) or the mssm , the couplings of the candidate for the discovered scalar boson may not be flavour diagonal and thus it can have flavour changing decays . furthermore , these flavour changing couplings are dimensionless and therefore the effects of additional heavy particles may not decouple even when the masses of such particles are taken to infinity , providing a unique opportunity to find an assuring indirect", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17934197187423706, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We investigate the couplings of a scalar boson with mass gev in the standard model ( sm ) picture. We find that the couplements of the candidate for the discovered s Scalar bosons are flavour diagonal and thus they can have flavour changing decays. Furthermore, these flavour changing coupling - changing decay is dimensionless and therefore the effects of additional heavy particles may not decouple even when the masses of such particles are taken to infinity.", "reference_summary": "in this work , we explore the flavour changing decays in a general supersymmetric scenario . in these models , the flavour changing decays arise at loop - level but , originating from a dimension - four operator , do not decouple and may provide a first sign of new physics for heavy masses beyond collider reach . in the framework of the minimal supersymmetric extension of the standard model ( mssm ) , we find that the largest branching ratio of the lightest higgs ( ) is after imposing present ex"}
{"id": "paper_230", "title": "We extend the gross - perry - yaffe approach of hot flat space instability to minkowski space", "text": "the issue of stability with respect to quantum fluctuations in the path integral approach to quantum gravity is a fundamental problem as important as quantum gravity itself . due to the attractive nature of the gravitational field , we expect to find a lot of unstable physical configurations . therefore one might worry about the stability of the ground state of quantum gravity . one generally accepts to regard minkowski space as the ground state , or vacuum , of quantum gravity . classical small perturbations about this vacuum are stable . this is guaranteed by positivity theorems of schoen and yauand witten . however one might find that flat space is quantum mechanically unstable . this problem was investigated for the first time by gross , perry and yaffe ( gpy) in the euclidean path integral context . they discovered that hot flat space is unstable and the loss of stability was interpreted as a spontaneous nucleation of a black hole with an inverse temperature , where is the black hole mass and is the newton constant . in the semiclassical approximation to the euclidean path integral  ) , %\\ ] ] the decay probability per unit volume and time is defined as  ) _{} ( -i_{g}^{ ( 2 ) }  [ h_{} ]  ) , %\\ ] ] where the gravitational field has been separated into a background field and a quantum fluctuation is the prefactor coming from the saddle point evaluation of and is the classical part of the action . if a single negative eigenvalue appears in the prefactor , it means that the related bounce shifts the energy of the false ground state . in the schwarzschild case gpy discovered one single negative mode . allen reconsidered the effect of finite boundaries on the appearance of a negative mode showing that , if the box enclosing the black hole is little enough the instability disappears . since the pioneering paper of gross , perry and yaffe , many other spacetime configurations have been investigated in different contexts . in particular , the de sitter case involving", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17721471190452576, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We study the stability of a flat space in the path integral approach to quantum gravity. We find that the ground state is unstable and the loss of stability is interpreted as a spontaneous nucleation of a black hole with an inverse temperature. The decay probability per unit volume and time is defined as ) _ _ ( -i_i_g ) ( 2 ) and, respectively,. If the box enclosing the black hole is little enough the instability disappears.", "reference_summary": "we extend the gross - perry - yaffe approach of hot flat space instability to minkowski space . this is done by a saddle point approximation of the partition function in a schwarzschild wormhole background which is coincident with an eternal black hole . the appearance of an instability in the whole manifold is here interpreted as a black hole pair creation ."}
{"id": "paper_231", "title": "In some special zones of the high - dimensional coordinate space of few - body systems with...", "text": "since various systems may be governed by the same fundamental law , universality exists in nature . the early indications of universality in quantum mechanic three - body systems was discovered before 1970. the first strong evidence was given by efimov in 1970 on three weakly bound identical bosons. he found that , when the scattering length is sufficiently long , a sequence of loosely bound states , the `` efimov states '' , will appear . the properties of these states are governed by a universal law , not depend on the dynamic details of the 3-boson systems . in this paper , another kind of universality that exists in tightly bound quantum mechanic few - body systems is revealed and confirmed numerically . the hamiltonian of identical particles is invariant under the operations of a set of symmetry groups , , ( including the permutation group). consequently , the eigenstates are classified according to the representations of these groups , where denotes a set of coordinates and is a serial number . let be an element of , be that of , and denotes a special zone in the high - dimensional coordinate space . when , the effects of and might be equivalent so that . for an example , when is the zone of the squares ( sq ) , is a rotation about the normal of the sq by , and is a cyclic permutation of particles , then and are equivalent in . making use of the representations of groups , the equivalence leads to a set of homogeneous linear equations  _ { i'}(x ) = 0 , \\ \\ \\ ( x  ) , \\ ] ] where are the matrix elements of the representation . when the matrix of this set of equations is non - degenerate , the set must be zero in . in this case , becomes a prohibited zone ( pz ) and the wave function appears as an inherent nodal surface ( ins). eq . ( [ e01_sum ] ) demonstrates that , for each pair of equivalent operations , a constraint will be imposed on the eigenstates . since the matrixes of representations are absolutely irrelevant to dynamics , the constraint is universal", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.16850771009922028, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We study the equivalence of the hamiltonian in tightly bound quantum mechanic few - body systems. The corresponding eigenstates are characterized by a set of homogeneous linear equations, where is a matrix element of, and is a serial number. For each pair of equivalent operations, a constraint will be a non - degenerate matrix element.", "reference_summary": "in some special zones of the high - dimensional coordinate space of few - body systems with identical particles , the operation of an element ( or a product of elements ) of the symmetry groups of the hamiltonian on a quantum state might be equivalent to the operation of another element . making use of the matrix representations of the groups , the equivalence leads to a set of homogeneous linear equations imposing on the wave functions . when the matrix of these equations is non - degenerate , "}
{"id": "paper_232", "title": "We construct a generic , simple , and efficient scheduling policy for stochastic processing...", "text": "the past few decades have witnessed a surge in interest on the design and analysis of scheduling policies for stochastic networks , e.g. , . one of the key insights from this body of work is that natural scheduling policies can lead to instability even when each server is nominally underloaded . ( there are several notions of stability for stochastic networks , but they intuitively entail that , in some sense , the number of customers in the system does not grow without bounds . ) this insight stimulated a search for tools that can characterize the stability regions of scheduling policies , i.e. , the exact conditions on the arrival and service rates under which a network is stabilized by a policy . it is the objective of this paper to study a question of a different kind : is it possible to construct a generic , simple , and efficient scheduling policy for stochastic processing networks , which leads to a ( globally ) stable network if all servers are ( locally ) nominally underloaded in some sense ? to our knowledge , we are the first to answer this question within the setting of stochastic processing networks , which constitute a large class of stochastic networks capable of modeling a variety of networked systems for communication , manufacturing , and service systems ( e.g. , ) . to investigate this question , the key is to determine if and how jobs from different parts of the network should be treated differently when they share the same buffer . various existing scheduling policies are ` throughput optimal ' in the sense that they achieve the largest possible stability region , but these policies suffer from significant drawbacks . they typically obtain the desired stability by framing the contention resolution between buffers as an appropriate global optimization problem . this optimization problem requires central coordination between network entities , and it is computationally hard to solve if the network is large . the resulting policies , such as the ma", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17045378684997559, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We study the stability of a stochastic processing network with a large number of servers. We find that the system is stable even when all servers are nominally underloaded, and that the network can be stabilized by a generic scheduling policy if all servers share the same buffer. This is a question that has been discussed in previous papers.", "reference_summary": "we construct a generic , simple , and efficient scheduling policy for stochastic processing networks , and provide a general framework to establish its stability . our policy is randomized and prioritized : with high probability it prioritizes jobs which have been least routed through the network . we show that the network is globally stable under this policy if there exists an appropriate quadratic ` local ' lyapunov function that provides a negative drift with respect to nominal loads at serve"}
{"id": "paper_233", "title": "We report on the observation of terahertz radiation induced photogalvanic currents in semiconductor...", "text": "nonequilibrium spatially - periodic noncentrosymmetric systems are able to transport particles in the absence of an average macroscopic force . the directed transport in such systems , generally known as the ratchet effect , has a long history and is relevant for different fields of physics . if this effect is induced by electro - magnetic radiation it is usually referred to as photogalvanic ( or photovoltaic ) effect , particularly if breaking of the spatial inversion symmetry is related to the microscopic structure of the system . blanter and bttiker have shown that one of the possible realizations of the seebeck ratchet can be a superlattice irradiated by light through a mask of the same period but phase shifted with respect to the superlattice . in the present work we have experimentally realized this idea with some modifications . the photocurrent has been observed in semiconductor heterostructures with a one - dimensional lateral periodic potential induced by etching a noncentrosymmetric grating into the sample cap layer . the in - plane modulation of the pump radiation appears hence not via a mask with periodic structures but due to the near - field effects of radiation propagating through the grating . this photothermal ratchet effect was predicted by bttiker and is polarization independent under normal light incidence . in addition we have observed photocurrents sensitive to the plane of polarization of the linearly polarized terahertz ( thz ) radiation and to the helicity in case of circularly polarized photoexcitation . the theoretical analysis enables us to propose new mechanisms of the observed circular and linear photogalvanic effects which are related to the combined action of out - of - phase periodic potential and in - plane modulated pumping of the two - dimensional electron system . here we study photocurrents in ( 001)-grown gaas / algaas heterostructures with superimposed lateral grating having a period of 2.5 m . the electronic micrograph are s", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17231780290603638, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We study photocurrents in gaas / algaas heterostructures with superimposed lateral grating having a period of 2.5 m. The photocurrent is sensitive to the plane of polarization of the linearly polarized terahertz ( thz ) radiation and to the helicity in case of circularly Polarized photoexcitation. We show that the photothermal ratchet effect can be observed in noncentrosymmetric systems with a one - dimensional lateral periodic potential induced by etching.", "reference_summary": "we report on the observation of terahertz radiation induced photogalvanic currents in semiconductor heterostructures with one - dimensional lateral periodic potential . the potential is produced by etching a grating into the sample surface . the electric current response is well described by phenomenological theory including both the circular and linear photogalvanic effects . experimental data demonstrate that the inversion asymmetry of the periodic lateral pattern can be varied by means of ele"}
{"id": "paper_234", "title": "New gmrt observations of the five - component pulsar b185726 provide detailed insight into its...", "text": "pulsar b185726 , though discovered early ( vaughn & large 1970 ) , has heretofore been studied almost entirely by average methods . one of the small group of pulsars with five - component ( * m * ) profiles , its aggregate polarization has been investigated over a broad frequency band ( hamilton 1977 ; mcculloch 1978 ; manchester 1980 ; morris 1980 ; van ommen 1997 ; & gould & lyne 1998 ) , and no effort to interpret the form of pulsar beams fails to mention it ( backer 1976 ; lyne & manchester 1988 ; rankin 1983a , 1986 , 1990 , 1993a , b ; mitra & deshpande 1999 ) . little has been learned , however , regarding its pulse - sequence ( hereafter ps ) behaviour . apart from one historical effort to determine its null fraction ( ritchings 1976 ) , only recently did the fluctuation - spectral analyses of weltevrede ( 2006 , 2007 ; hereafter wes , wse ) identify its 7-rotation - period ( hereafter ) modulation . psr b185726 is often compared with other prominent * m * pulsars , but it is not yet known whether it exhibits profile moding like b1237 + 25 ( , srostlik & rankin 2005 ) or core - component phenomena such as those seen in b0329 + 54 ( mitra 2007 ) . we have carried out a sensitive new 325-mhz polarimetric observation of b185726 using the giant metre - wave radio telescope ( hereafter gmrt ) in maharashtra , and a typical 200-pulse segment is given in figure [ fig1 ] . already we see evidence of interesting subpulse modulation . in the remainder of this paper , we describe the results of a series of ps analyses designed to address a number of these questions remaining about this star s individual pulse behaviour . to our surprise we found that we were able to identify and measure a long period cycle which almost certainly can be interpreted as the rotation interval of an emission - beam carousel in the manner of that found earlier for b0943 + 10 ( deshpande & rankin 1999 , 2001 ; hereafter dr99 , dr01 ) . such cycles are thought to be driven by forces within a p", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.19466188549995422, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new polarimetric observation of the pulsar b185726 using the giant metre - wave radio telescope ( hereafter gmrt ) in maharashtra. The psr is a small group of pulses with five - component profiles, and its aggregate polarization has been studied over a broad frequency band. It is not yet known whether it exhibits profile modulation like b1237 + 25 or core - components such as those seen in b0329 + 54 ( mitra 2007.", "reference_summary": "new gmrt observations of the five - component pulsar b185726 provide detailed insight into its pulse - sequence modulation phenomena for the first time . the outer conal components exhibit a 7.4-rotation - period , longitude - stationary modulation . several lines of evidence indicate a carousel circulation time of about 147 stellar rotations , characteristic of a pattern with 20 beamlets . the pulsar nulls some 20% of the time , usually for only a single pulse , and these nulls show no discerni"}
{"id": "paper_235", "title": "We describe explicit open books on arbitrary plumbings of oriented circle bundles over closed...", "text": "in this article using 3dimensional simple surgery techniques we first construct explicit open books on oriented circle bundles over closed oriented surfaces . then we construct open books on plumbings of circle bundles according to a graph by appropriately gluing the open books we constructed for the circle bundles involved in the plumbing . ( we will use the word graph for a connected graph with at least two vertices . ) an open book on a circle bundle or more generally on a plumbing of circle bundles is called _ horizontal _ if its binding is a collection of some fibers and its pages are transverse to the fibers . here we require that the orientation induced on the binding by the pages coincides with the orientation of the fibers induced by the fibration . we will call a plumbing graph _ non - positive _ if the sum of the degree of the vertex and the euler number of the bundle corresponding to that vertex is non - positive for every vertex of the graph . we prove that the open book we construct on a circle bundle with negative euler number or on a non - positive plumbing of circle bundles is horizontal . it turns out that the contact structure compatible with this open book is also _ horizontal _ , i.e. the contact planes ( possibly after an isotopy of the contact structure ) are transverse to the fibers . furthermore we show that the monodromy of this horizontal open book is given by a product of right - handed dehn twists along disjoint curves . consequently , by a theorem of giroux , our horizontal open book is compatible with a stein fillable contact structure . recall that eliashberg and gromov proved that every fillable contact structure is tight . as a first application of our construction we describe explicit horizontal open books on some seifert fibered 3manifolds . a contact 3manifold is said to be _ milnor fillable _ if it is contactomorphic to the contact boundary of an isolated complex surface singularity . the germ is called a _ milnor filling _ of .", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.16375282406806946, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We construct explicit open books on oriented circle bundles over closed surfaces using 3dimensional simple surgery techniques. We construct open books in the form of a graph by appropriately gluing the open books we constructed for the circle bundle corresponding to that vertex. The orientation induced on the binding by the pages coincides with the orientation of the fibers induced by the fibration. Furthermore, we prove that the contact structure compatible with this open book is also horizontal, i. E. The contact planes ( possibly after an isotopy of the contact structures ) are trans.", "reference_summary": "we describe explicit open books on arbitrary plumbings of oriented circle bundles over closed oriented surfaces . we show that , for a non - positive plumbing , the open book we construct is horizontal and the corresponding compatible contact structure is also horizontal and stein fillable . in particular , we describe horizontal open books on some seifert fibered 3manifolds . as another application we describe horizontal open books isomorphic to milnor open books for some complex surface singul"}
{"id": "paper_236", "title": "Foreground subtraction is the biggest challenge for future redshifted observations to probe...", "text": "observations of redshifted radiation from the large scale distribution of neutral hydrogen ( hi ) are perceived as one of the most promising future probes of the universe at high redshifts ( see for a recent review ) . observational evidence from quasar absorption spectra and the cmbr together imply that the hi was reionized over an extended period spanning the redshift range ( for reviews see ) . determining how and when the universe was reionized is one of the most important issues that will be addressed by future observations . the giant meter wave radio telescope ( gmrt ; ) , currently functioning at several frequency bands in the range to is very well suited for carrying out initial investigations towards detecting the reionization hi signal . there are several upcoming low - frequency instruments such as lofar , mwa , 21cmapast/ ] and ska which are being built specifically with these observations in view . it is currently perceived that a statistical analysis of the fluctuations in the redshifted signal holds the greatest potential for observing hi at high redshifts . correlations among the visibilities measured in radio - interferometric observations directly probe the hi power spectrum at the epoch where the radiation originated . the reionization visibility signal at the gmrt is expected to be and smaller ( ) . this hi signal is present as a minute component of the background in all low frequency observations , and it is buried in foreground radiation from other astrophysical sources whose contribution is to orders of magnitude larger . extracting the hi signal from the foregrounds is a major challenge . individual sources can be identified and removed from the image at a flux level which depends on the sensitivity . the contribution from the remaining discrete sources could be large enough to overwhelm the hi signal . the diffuse synchrotron emission from our galaxy is another important component . foreground sources include free - free emission from ioniz", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.1803504228591919, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new method for extracting the hi signal from the giant meter wave radio telescope ( gmrt ) at high redshifts. We use a combination of acoustic and radio - interferometric observations to investigate the hi power spectrum in the foregrounds of the galaxy. The sensitivity of our approach is based on the spectral resolution of the g - band data, which allows us to obtain an accurate estimate of the hi emission.", "reference_summary": "foreground subtraction is the biggest challenge for future redshifted observations to probe reionization . we use a short gmrt observation at to characterize the statistical properties of the background radiation across to sub - arcminutes angular scales , and across a frequency band of with resolution . the statistic we use is the visibility correlation function , or equivalently the angular power spectrum . we present the results obtained from using relatively unsophisticated , conventional da"}
{"id": "paper_237", "title": "Eternal inflation is studied in the context of warm inflation", "text": "one of the most peculiar consequences of inflation is the possibility of leading to a self - reproduction regime ( srr ) of inflating hubble regions ( h regions ) , a phenomenon that became known as eternal inflation ( for reviews , see , e.g. , refs . ) . in eternal inflation the dynamics of the universe during the inflationary phase is considered in a global perspective and refers to a semi - infinity ( past finite , future infinity ) mechanism of self - reproduction of causally disconnected h regions . looking at the spacetime structure as a whole , the distribution of h regions resembles much like that of a bubble foam . this scenario seems to be a generic feature present in several models of inflation . in recent years , eternal inflation attracted renewed attention due to several factors . one of them is the seemingly intrinsic connection between eternal inflation and extra dimensions theories , like string theory , and its multitude of possible solutions describing different false vacua , each one yielding its own low - energy constants , leading to what has been known by the `` multiverse '' , when combined with eternal inflation . collisions between pocket universes could upset in some level the homogeneity and isotropy of the bubble we live in and , therefore , lead to some detectable signature in the cosmic microwave background radiation ( cmbr ) . this has then led to different proposals to test eternal inflation . eternal inflation has also been recently studied in experiments involving analogue systems in condensed matter . for example , in ref . , an analogue model using magnetic particles in a cobalt - based ferrofluid system has been used to show that thermal fluctuations are capable of generating -dimensional minkowski - like regions inside a larger metamaterial that plays the role of the background of the multiverse . from the model building point of view , a relatively recent trend is to look for new models , or specific regimes in known models ,", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17696626484394073, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new model of eternal inflation in the context of a multiverse - like universe. This model is based on analogue systems in condensed matter and has been used to study the dynamics of the universe during the inflationary phase. We show that the dynamical structure of the Universe during the srr phase is asymmetric, with asymmetry due to the existence of -dimensional regions inside the metamaterial.", "reference_summary": "eternal inflation is studied in the context of warm inflation . we focus on different tools to analyze the effects of dissipation and the presence of a thermal radiation bath on the fluctuation - dominated regime , for which the self - reproduction of hubble regions can take place . the tools we explore are the _ threshold inflaton field _ and _ threshold number of _ e_-folds _ necessary to establish a self - reproduction regime and the _ counting of hubble regions _ , using generalized conditio"}
{"id": "paper_238", "title": "We study disorder - induced spectral correlations and their effect on the magnetic susceptibility...", "text": "we begin by presenting some more details concerning our semiclassical evaluation of the disorder correlation function , , and corresponding susceptibility . we consider non - interacting electrons in a weak , perpendicular magnetic field . in terms of retarded and advanced single particle green functions , , may be written as , where implies the inclusion of connected diagrams only . using a diagrammatic approach introduced by altland and gefen the field sensitive part of can be expressed as a sum including cooperon type diagrams defined by ^n =  _{j=1}^{n } d^dr_j_{m=1}^{n } ^{(c ) } ( {  r}_m,{ r}_{m+1}; ; h )  ;  {  r}_{n+1 }  {  r}_1 \\ ; . \\ ] ] here , is the disorder averaged single particle green function , , and . semiclassically , can be expressed as a sum over classical trajectories between and , } \\ ; .\\ ] ] the prefactor includes the classical phase space density , stands for the classical action along an orbit ( in the absence of disorder ) including the maslov index , and is the orbit length . is then given in terms of pairs of classical paths which explicitly include the effect of boundary scattering . however most pairs ( of different paths ) produce oscillating contributions which we assume to vanish after energy or size averaging . the main contribution to the field sensitive part of arises from diagonal terms ( otherwise known as the cooperon channel ) obtained by pairing paths with their time reverse . assuming that the magnetic field affects the phase of the particles but not their trajectories we can write where \\ ; . \\ ] ] here , is the period of the trajectory , is the vector potential , , and the level broadening was introduced via . ( [ zsc ] ) depends , besides , only on the system without disorder and holds for both integrable and chaotic geometries . the disorder induced contribution to the average susceptibility is given by ( ) : where the bulk landau susceptibility is for spinless electrons . in eq . ( [ stos ] ) the are now assumed to ", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17502999305725098, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We consider non - interacting electrons in a weak magnetic field and investigate the disorder correlation function, and susceptibility of the disorder averaged single particle green function. We find that the disorder induced contribution to the averaged green function is a sum over classical trajectories between and,, with respect to the orbit length. The prefactor includes the classical phase space density, stands for the classical action along an orbit ( in the absence of disorder ) including the maslov index,and is the orbitlength. However most pairs ( of different paths.", "reference_summary": "we study disorder - induced spectral correlations and their effect on the magnetic susceptibility of mesoscopic quantum systems in the non - diffusive regime . by combining a diagrammatic perturbative approach with semiclassical techniques we perform impurity averaging for non - translational invariant systems . this allows us to study the crossover from clean to diffusive systems . as an application we consider the susceptibility of non - interacting electrons in a ballistic microstructure in t"}
{"id": "paper_239", "title": "In this paper we consider the growth , large fluctuations and memory properties of an affine...", "text": "in this paper , we consider the asymptotic behaviour of an affine scalar stochastic functional differential equation where the average of the process over its entire history appears on the right hand side . accordingly , we study where is given by the continuous function , defined on $ ] , is a standard one dimensional brownian motion and . here and are real parameters . there is a unique strong solution of which is a gaussian process . the goal of the paper is to describe for all pairs of the parameters and the asymptotic behaviour of the paths , as well as information about the autocovariance function of in the case that the solution is recurrent on . this model was studied in , where the authors considered the case . under this condition the solution was shown to grow at a well defined exponential rate , with a polynomial correction . specifically , the rate of growth is given by where is an almost surely finite and gaussian distributed random variable . the results in rely on the theory of admissibility of linear deterministic volterra operators . while the present article establishes some new results concerning the case when , for the most part it is concerned with the case when , where the solution need not have a well - defined growth rate but rather may fluctuate . this behaviour is not wholly unexpected ; in the case when and , for example , the solution of is an asymptotically stationary ornstein uhlenbeck process , while when and , it is a scaled standard brownian motion . a complete asymptotic dynamical picture of the solution is determined for all real values of and in the paper . our analysis shows that there are only three principal regions in the ` ' parameter space , within which the process undergoes different pathwise asymptotic behaviour . for clarity we provide a bifurcation diagram of the parameter space : * in theorem [ thm.averagegaussian ] , corresponding to and , the solution is asymptotically equal to an ornstein uhlenbeck process and has ", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.16092832386493683, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We study the asymptotic behaviour of a affine scalar stochastic functional differential equation where the average of the process over its entire history appears on the right hand side. In this paper, we study where is given by the continuous function, defined on $ ], is a standard one dimensional brownian motion and. Here and are real parameters. There is a unique strong solution of which is gaussian process. The goal of the paper is to describe for all pairs of the parameters and the as.", "reference_summary": "in this paper we consider the growth , large fluctuations and memory properties of an affine stochastic functional differential equation with an average functional where the contributions of the average and instantaneous terms are parameterised . an asymptotic analysis of the solution of this equation is conducted for all values of the parameters of the equation . when solutions are recurrent , we show that the autocovariance function of the solution decays at a polynomial rate , even though the"}
{"id": "paper_240", "title": "The path integral monte carlo method is used to simulate dilute trapped bose gases and to...", "text": "the experimental observation of bose - einstein condensation ( bec ) in dilute trapped and supercooled atomic vapors has stimulated enormous experimental and theoretical interest in the physics of the weakly interacting bose gas ( see for a review ) . especially intriguing is the role of dimensionality and two - body interactions . lower dimensional atomic gases have been realized with strong quantum confinement in one or more directions . these systems exhibit very peculiar properties , such as the exact mapping between interacting bosons and noninteracting fermions ( tonks - girardeau gas ) , because the role of quantum fluctuations and strong correlations is enhanced . although these gases are very dilute , bec of trapped atomic gases is strongly influenced by two - body interactions . within a mean - field approximation , the strength of the interatomic interactions can be typically characterized by a single parameter , the -wave scattering length , at very low temperatures . this van der waals type interaction is isotropic and short - range in comparison to the average interparticle separation . accordingly , bose - einstein condensates created thus far have been very accurately described by the gross - pitaevskii theory ( see for a review ) , a mean - field approach . furthermore , it has been possible to tune the s - wave scattering length to essentially any value , positive or negative , by utilizing a magnetic atom - atom feshbach resonance . studies of the influence of the interparticle interactions on the properties of bec have focused mainly on the short - range interactions . however , understanding new kinds of systems will require the investigation of the effects of additional interactions , since bose - einstein condensation of molecules has now been observed using new techniques for creating ultracold molecules . in addition , ling _ et al . _ proposed an efficient method to convert atomic condensates into stable molecules using a generalized raman ", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17414483428001404, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new method for the conversion of bose - einstein condensation into stable molecules using a generalized raman. This method is based on the -wave scattering length and the s - wave scattering width, which are both used to describe the properties of boson - interacting condensates in supercooled atomic vapors. The method is applied to the formation of a single - particle - bound, asymmetric, non - fermionic, and asymmetry - free, quasi.", "reference_summary": "the path integral monte carlo method is used to simulate dilute trapped bose gases and to investigate the equilibrium properties at finite temperatures . the quantum particles have a long - range dipole - dipole interaction and a short - range -wave interaction . using an anisotropic pseudopotential for the long - range dipolar interaction and a hard - sphere potential for the short - range -wave interaction , we calculate the energetics and structural properties as a function of temperature and"}
{"id": "paper_241", "title": "Zrte and hfte have attracted increasingly attention recently since the theoretical prediction of...", "text": "topological insulator ( ti ) is a new class of material which is an insulator in its bulk , while having time reversal symmetry protected conducting states on the edge or surface . a large number of realistic materials have been theoretically proposed and experimentally confirmed , such as bise and bite . however , the layered transition - metal pentatelluride zrte ( and hfte ) is a particular example . zrte and hfte have been studied more than 30 years ago due to the large thermoelectric power and mysterious resistivity anomaly . recently , weng _ et al . _ predicted that mono - layer zrte and hfte are good quantum spin hall insulators with relatively large bulk band gap ( about 0.1 ev ) by first principles calculations . and the three - dimensional bulk phase of zrte and hfte are also predicted to be tis , which are located at the vicinity of a transition between strong and weak ti , but without detailed description . nevertheless , subsequent experiments show many contradictions about the topological nature of zrte or hfte . several experimental works suggested that zrte is a dirac semi - metal without a finite band gap by different characterization methods , such as shubnikov - de haas oscillations , angle - resolved photoemission spectroscopy ( arpes ) , and infrared reflectivity measurements . of course there are also other experimental works holding opposite point of view . for example , in two recent scanning tunneling microscopy ( stm ) experiments , they unambiguously observed a large bulk band gap about 80 or 100 mev in zrte , implying that there is no surface state on the top surface and therefore it should be a weak ti . another apres work also favored a weak ti for zrte . however , there are two other arpes works which believed that zrte is a strong ti . for instance , by using the comprehensive arpes , stm , and first principles calculations , manzoni _ et al . _ found a metallic dos at fermi energy , which arises from the two - dimensional surface st", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.18089546263217926, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new study of the topological properties of layered transition - metal pentatelluride zrte ( and hfte ). We find that the bulk phase is a dirac semi - metallic with a large band gap, but it has no surface state on the edge or surface. The bulk band gap is about 0.1 ev, which implies that there is no surface states on the top surface, and therefore it should be a weak ti.", "reference_summary": "zrte and hfte have attracted increasingly attention recently since the theoretical prediction of being topological insulators ( tis ) . however , subsequent works show many contradictions about their topological nature . three possible phases , i.e. strong ti , weak ti , and dirac semi - metal , have been observed in different experiments until now . essentially whether zrte or hfte has a band gap or not is still a question . here , we present detailed first - principles calculations on the elec"}
{"id": "paper_242", "title": "Detection and quantification of entanglement in quantum resources are two key steps in the...", "text": "entanglement has long played a pivotal role in many quantum information processing tasks , such as secure communication using quantum - key distribution , teleportation of quantum states , quantum computation , reduction in communication complexity , and more recently , expansion and certification of randomness . as a result , the verification and quantification of this resource present in quantum systems is often an indispensable part of quantum - information processing ( qip ) protocols . traditionally , for low - dimensional composite systems that are made up of only a few subsystems , the process of entanglement certification and/or quantification is carried out using complete quantum state tomography followed by the application of certain separability criteria . this approach , however , suffers from the drawbacks that it is unnecessarily resource intensive and that the procedure of tomography may already be intractable for a physical system that is made up of only a handful of qubits ( see , for example , ref . and references therein ) . more recently , there has been considerable interest in verifying the presence of entanglement by measuring directly the expectation value of so - called _ entanglement witnesses _ . while this latter approach is much more economical in terms of both the number of measurement settings and the resource required for classical post - processing , it still requires detailed knowledge of the actual measurements performed on the physical system in question . this last feature is , of course , undesirable as there are examples of entanglement witnesses that are extremely fragile to the perturbations of the constituent measurement operators . also , in some qip tasks such as quantum key distribution , it is highly desirable to make minimal assumptions on the devices used in the protocol . in contrast , violation of bell - type inequalities is only a statement about the measurement statistics derived from an experiment . since entangle", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.18406739830970764, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a method for verifying the presence of entanglement in quantum systems by measuring the expectation value of such en Tang - type observers. This technique is based on the use of a simple, yet powerful, method to measure the expected value of _ en - tang - types _ ( _ quantum state tomography _). We show that the method can be used to verify the existence of entanglement in a number of different quantum systems.", "reference_summary": "detection and quantification of entanglement in quantum resources are two key steps in the implementation of various quantum - information processing tasks . here , we show that bell - type inequalities are not only useful in verifying the presence of entanglement but can also be used to bound the entanglement of the underlying physical system . our main tool consists of a family of clauser - horne - like bell inequalities that can not be violated maximally by any finite - dimensional maximally "}
{"id": "paper_243", "title": "We propose a tight binding model for the quantum spin hall system on triangular optical lattice and...", "text": "topological insulators ( tis ) are insulating in the bulk but have metallic states on their boundaries . robustness of these states against disorder and perturbations makes them promising for applications such as spintronics and topological quantum computation . topological invariants of the bulk material are essential for the robust boundary modes . this urged consideration of topological insulators on different lattice geometries . it is widely acknowledged that the cold atomic systems are ideal systems to simulate solid - state phenomena in a controlled way . the two and three dimensional topological insulators with band gaps in the order of the recoil energy have recently been proposed in ultracold fermionic atomic gases . the proposal utilizes interactions which preserves time reversal symmetry ( trs ) , analogous to synthesized spin - orbit coupling , so that the insulators are classified by the so called topological invariant . even if the band gap in tight binding models are not as large as in nearly free electron limit , tis in ultra cold atomic systems have been studied vastly in tight binding regime . the optical lattices are described by continuous potentials formed by the combinations of standing waves . it is convenient to treat them as deep potentials . our aim in this article is to propose a tight binding model for the quantum spin hall effect which can be realized in the ultracold atomic systems . the corresponding model in the nearly free electron limit is proposed by bri and cooper with this advantage that the band gap is large . we also determine the band structure of the edge state which exhibits the hallmark of tis due to its robustness against all perturbations that preserve the trs . in the sec . [ sec : tight ] of this paper we propose the tight binding model for quantum spin hall ( qsh ) system in the triangular optical lattice . in sec . [ sec : model ] we briefly review the proposal of topological insulator in ultracold atomic gases . we ", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.16670715808868408, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We propose a tight binding model for the quantum spin hall effect in the triangular optical lattice. The band gap is large and the edge state is characterized by a strong band structure. We also study the band structure of the edge states which exhibits the hallmark of tis due to its robustness against all perturbations that preserve the trs.", "reference_summary": "we propose a tight binding model for the quantum spin hall system on triangular optical lattice and we determined the edge state spectrum which contains gap traversing states as the hallmark of topological insulator . the advantage of this system is the possibility of implementing it in the fermionic ultracold atomic system whose nearly free electron limit is proposed by b. bri and n. r. cooper , phys . rev . lett . * 107 * , 145301 ( 2011 ) ."}
{"id": "paper_244", "title": "Using a similarity hamiltonian renormalization procedure , we determine an effective spin-1/2...", "text": "the study of magnetic systems is one of the most active fields of research in condensed matter physics : the variety of emerging ground - states , as well as the rich phase diagram of magnetic lattices , makes these systems an optimal testbed to probe the competition between various orders and frustration effects . from this perspective , it would be very useful to be able to engineer synthetic physical systems effectively describing magnetic model hamiltonians , with tunable geometry and parameters . a promising route is provided by cold atomic setups : for instance , itinerant magnetism in bulk ultracold fermi systems with repulsive interactions has been experimentally studied , while small spin networks have been simulated with ion chains . effective nearest - neighbour spin - spin interactions for atoms in neighbour wells of an optical lattice may result from super - exchange couplings : the corresponding second - order tunneling has been observed in array of double wells . furthermore , using fast oscillations of the optical lattice , it is possible to control the sign of the nearest - neighbour tunneling , which has been recently used to simulate classical frustrated magnetism in triangular lattices . one may also use two - component gases where the two internal degrees of freedom correspond to the simulated ( pseudo)spins . spin interactions can be tuned by adjusting the external potential . the recent realization of controllable bose - bose mixtures paves the way towards the experimental simulation of spin hamiltonians , in which the atomic counterpart of magnetic phases , like antiferromagnetic nel and xy ferromagnetic phases ( respectively corresponding to the checkerboard and the supercounterfluid phases ) may be detected and studied . a key tool in the manipulation of ultracold atomic systems is the possibility to superimpose and control optical lattices . the low - energy properties of ultracold bosons in deep optical lattices are well captured by the b", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17500509321689606, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new method for the simulation of spin hamiltonians in deep optical lattices. The system is characterized by a large number of atoms and a small number of electrons, which are simulated with two - component gases. We show that the b - bose mixture can be used to superimpose and control the optical latice.", "reference_summary": "using a similarity hamiltonian renormalization procedure , we determine an effective spin-1/2 representation of the bose - hubbard model at half - integer filling and at a finite on - site interaction energy . by means of bosonization , we are able to recast the effective hamiltonian as that of a spin-1/2 xxz magnetic chain with pertinently renormalized coupling and anisotropy parameters . we use this mapping to provide analytical estimates of the correlation functions of the bose - hubbard mode"}
{"id": "paper_245", "title": "Peripheral nucleon - nucleon scattering is analysed in the framework of an effective field theory", "text": "following the suggestion of weinberg and the pioneering work of ordoez , ray and van kolck , there has been much interest in using chiral perturbation theory ( chpt ) to calculate long - range contributions to the nucleon - nucleon ( ) force . scattering , see ref . ] these have concentrated on two - pion exchange ( tpe ) , although work has also started on three - pion exchange . in an effective field theory like this , the residual short - distance interactions are represented by energy- or momentum - dependent contact interactions . these can be expanded in powers of the ratios between momenta or the pion mass and the scale of the physics which is responsible for these short - range interactions , for example the mass of the meson . provided these ratios are small enough , this expansion should converge rapidly . nucleon - nucleon scattering in peripheral waves provides the best place to look for clear signals of the long - range tpe force . various groups have done so but they often find quite large deviations from the experimental \" phase shifts deduced from partial - wave analyses . this has led some to resort to introducing phenomenological cut - offs or additional degrees of freedom . recently the nijmegen group has started carrying out pwa s which include chiral tpe and they find that this makes significant improvements to their fits . the large differences between their results and available chpt predictions have led to a claim that the fits can not yield reliable values for parameters in the tpe potential . however it is hard to make a direct comparison between the nijmegen analyses and chpt because they are done with a coordinate - space cut - off of 1.4 fm or larger . this means that short - distance parameters in the fits have to play two roles . as well as parametrising true short - range physics they also have to correct for artefacts introduced by the cut - off . hence one can not immediately tell from the nijmegen parametrisation whether the residu", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.1857089400291443, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new method for calculating the long - range contribution to the nucleon - nucleonal force in two - pion exchange ( tpe ). This technique is used to calculate the residual short - distance interactions in the te potential. We find that the nijmegen analysis can not yield reliable values for parameters in the long range tp force.", "reference_summary": "peripheral nucleon - nucleon scattering is analysed in the framework of an effective field theory . distorted - wave methods are used to remove the effects of one - pion exchange . two - pion exchange and recoil corrections to one - pion exchange are then subtracted pertubatively . this removes all contributions up to order in the chiral expansion . we have applied this to the , and waves , using phase shifts from various partial - wave analyses by the nijmegen group . in regions where these ana"}
{"id": "paper_246", "title": "We review the proof of a conjecture concerning the reality of the spectra of certain -symmetric...", "text": "the unexpected reality of the spectra of a class of non - hermitian quantum mechanical systems has provoked a fair amount of work since the first example was noted by bessis and zinn - justin . generalising the result at , a numerical study of the schrdinger equations led bender and boettcher to conjecture that under suitable boundary conditions the spectrum of ( [ bbeq ] ) was entirely real and positive provided . bender and boettcher also noticed the relevance of -symmetry to these problems . for all , the potentials are invariant under the combined action of parity and time reversal , and this implies the eigenvalues are either real or occur in complex - conjugate pairs . if all energy eigenstates are also eigenstates of the operator , then the spectrum is guaranteed to be entirely real , but this is not true in general : the -symmetry can be spontaneously broken , in which case the corresponding energies occur in complex - conjugate pairs . in fact , a proof of the reality conjecture has only recently been obtained , via a correspondence between ordinary differential equations and integrable models ( the so - called ` ode / im correspondence ' ) . here we review the proof and touch on a few of the byproducts of the correspondence relevant to the ode community . generalising the bessis zinn - justin and bender boettcher hamiltonians , we consider the class of -symmetric problems (x ) =  (x ) , (x )  l^2({{ c}})~. \\ ] ] for , the contour may be taken to be the real axis with a small dip below the origin if . for larger , the contour should be distorted into the complex plane to ensure the correct analytical continuation of the original problem , as explained in . the result of is that the spectrum of ( [ ptg ] ) is _ real _ for and and _ positive _ for and . referring to figure [ regions ] , reality was proven for , and positivity for . rather than considering the -symmetric problem ( [ ptg ] ) alone , we introduce a related problem obtained from ( [ ptg ] ) by se", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17206384241580963, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We consider the class of -symmetric problems ( x ) = (x, l ) l and ( ptg ) is a real axis with a small dip below the origin. For larger, the contour should be distorted into the complex plane to ensure the correct analytical continuation of the original problem.", "reference_summary": "we review the proof of a conjecture concerning the reality of the spectra of certain -symmetric quantum mechanical systems , obtained via a connection between the theories of ordinary differential equations and integrable models . spectral equivalences inspired by the correspondence are also discussed ."}
{"id": "paper_247", "title": "Laplace pressure driven snap - off is a technique that is used to produce droplets for emulsions...", "text": "with the development of numerous techniques to produce micron - scale droplets , there has been a growing interest in exploring the physical mechanisms behind these methods . a greater understanding of which parameters are most important to droplet production can permit fine - tuning of existing techniques or modification of systems where droplet production is undesirable . laplace pressure driven snap - off relies upon an instability that forms when a confined dispersed phase is allowed to penetrate into a larger space filled with an immiscible continuous phase ( see fig . [ fig : schematic]a ) . the instability requires no viscous interaction , but is due entirely to changes in the curvature of the interface between the two phases , affecting the laplace pressure . we have previously found that the resulting droplets are highly monodisperse , as the system becomes unstable immediately after the protrusion of the dispersed phase reaches a critical size . the snap - off phenomenon has been studied and used to produce droplets in many different geometries . however , the case of ejecting the dispersed phase from a cylindrically symmetric tube is the simplest from a theoretical standpoint . , minimum radius of the flowing dispersed phase column within the nozzle , and radius of the growing droplet define the important length scales . the relevant pressures are the pressure of the bulk continuous phase , pressure of the dispersed phase in the growing droplet , pressure of the dispersed phase in the nozzle , and the pressure of the continuous phase in the collar around the dispersed phase . b ) schematic of these pressures along the length of the pipette . snapoff occurs if , which happens as grows , decreasing and the other pressures relative to the fixed pressure .,width=264 ] by neglecting pressure gradients within the dispersed phase , several groups have been able to provide a theoretical framework for droplet sizes in a quasi - static regime . the approximation of", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17169001698493958, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a theoretical framework for the snap - off phenomenon in a quasi - static regime. The model is based on the theory of the dispersed phase and its dependence on the laplace pressure. We show that the system becomes unstable when the disperse phase penetrates into a larger space filled with an immiscible continuous phase. This instability is due to changes in the curvature of the interface between the two phases, affecting the la place pressure, which is due entirely to changes within the disPERED phase, and the pressure of the continuous.", "reference_summary": "laplace pressure driven snap - off is a technique that is used to produce droplets for emulsions and microfluidics purposes . previous predictions of droplet size have assumed a quasi - equilibrium low flow limit . we present a simple model to predict droplet sizes over a wide range of flow rates , demonstrating a rich landscape of droplet stability depending on droplet size and growth rate . the model accounts for the easily adjusted experimental parameters of geometry , interfacial tension , a"}
{"id": "paper_248", "title": "We present the thermopower and the resistivity of luybrhsi in the temperature range 3 k k", "text": "ybrhsi is a stoichiometric heavy - fermion ( hf ) metal with an extremely low antiferromagnetic ordering temperature of 70 mk. it crystallizes in the tetragonal thcrsi structure and has been investigated extensively due to its pronounced non - fermi liquid ( nfl ) properties at low . this behavior was attributed to a quantum critical point , which can be attained by application of a small magnetic field of 60 mt within the plane. at intermediate temperatures ( 10 - 300 k ) the properties of ybrhsi are determined by a competition of crystal electric field ( cef ) excitations and the kondo interaction . a knowledge of the corresponding characteristic energy scales and is essential for an understanding of the low - temperature properties of the compound . the nfl behavior dominates the thermodynamic and transport properties up to 10 k. notably , the electronic specific heat divided by exhibits a logarithmic increase upon cooling with a spin fluctuation temperature k. the corresponding entropy revealed a doublet ground state of the yb ions with a kondo temperature of approximately 17 k. the cef level scheme of ybrhsi was determined from inelastic neutron scattering : the multiplet of the yb is split into 4 doublets at energies corresponding to 0 - 200 - 290 - 500 k , respectively. the strong interplay between kondo effect and cef splitting manifests itself in the transport properties of the system . the temperature dependencies of both resistivity and thermopower exhibit a single large extremum around 100 k , which was attributed to scattering on the full yb multiplet . no signature corresponding to kondo scattering on the ground - state doublet at has been found in and . such behavior was observed and theoretically predicted for compounds , where the energy scales and are of the same order of magnitude , i.e. for systems near the crossover from the hf to the intermediate - valent ( iv ) regime. upon applying pressure , the kondo temperature of yb - based hf systems is ", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17739376425743103, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new study of the non - fermi liquid ( nfl ) properties of ybrhsi at intermediate temperatures. The nebula is split into four doublets with a kondo temperature of approximately 17 k. This result is consistent with the observed behavior for the yrh ions in the tetragonal thcrsi structure.", "reference_summary": "we present the thermopower and the resistivity of luybrhsi in the temperature range 3 k k. is found to change from two minima for dilute systems ( ) to a single large minimum in pure ybrhsi . a similar behavior has also been found for the magnetic contribution to the resistivity . the appearance of the low- extrema in and is attributed to the lowering of the kondo scale with decreasing . the evolution of the characteristic energy scales for both the kondo effect and the crystal electric field sp"}
{"id": "paper_249", "title": "1-d eulerian vlasov - maxwell simulations are presented which show kinetic enhancement of...", "text": "the role of kinetic effects in stimulated raman backscatter ( srbs ) is of much current interest . srbs is the three - wave parametric coupling of a pump light wave ( the laser , labeled mode 0 ) to a counter - propagating daughter light wave ( mode 1 ) and co - propagating electron plasma wave ( epw , mode 2 ) , and satisfies the resonance conditions and . it may remove a substantial amount of energy from a high - intensity laser propagating through a plasma and create energetic electrons . srbs and other laser - plasma interactions must be sufficiently controlled for laser - driven inertial fusion to succeed . in the high - temperature plasmas expected on ignition experiments such as the national ignition facility ( nif ) and laser mgajoule ( lmj ) , linear theory of parametric instabilities predicts srbs to have a weak spatial gain rate due to the large ( ^{1/2}$ ] is the electron debye length ) and resulting heavy landau damping . however , recent experiments and kinetic simulations have shown srbs reflectivities well above coupled - mode convective gain levels . this kinetic inflation or enhancement of srbs is widely attributed to electron trapping in the epw potential well , which flattens the electron distribution function near the epw phase velocity . as has long been known , trapping reduces the epw damping rate and induces an amplitude - dependent frequency downshift . srbs saturation results from the competition of nonlinear effects including the damping reduction , frequency shift , pump depletion , and trapped particle instability , and possibly spatio - temporal chaos after ion modes build up near the laser entrance , among others . a theory for the onset of kinetic inflation and the resulting time - averaged reflectivity is not yet in hand , but would be of great value for designing laser fusion implosions . this current work is aimed at better understanding kinetic effects such as electron trapping in srbs for time scales and frequencies such that io", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.18184055387973785, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a theoretical study of the kinetic effects of stimulated raman backscatter ( srbs ) in the presence of electron trapping in the epw potential well. We show that the onset of kinetic inflation and the resulting time - averaged reflectivity are dependent on the amplitude - dependent frequency downshift, which is attributed to the interaction of nonlinear effects such as the damping reduction, frequency shift, and trapped particle instability.", "reference_summary": "1-d eulerian vlasov - maxwell simulations are presented which show kinetic enhancement of stimulated raman backscatter ( srbs ) due to electron trapping in regimes of heavy linear landau damping . the conventional raman langmuir wave is transformed into a set of beam acoustic modes [ l. yin _ et al . _ , phys . rev . e * 73 * , 025401 ( 2006 ) ] . for the first time , a low phase velocity electron acoustic wave ( eaw ) is seen developing from the self - consistent raman physics . backscatter of "}
{"id": "paper_250", "title": "We show that all generalized pollicott - ruelle resonant states of a topologically transitiv anosov...", "text": "let be a smooth , compact riemannian manifold without boundary . let be a smooth anosov vector field and let us denote by the flow on generated by and let be a smooth potential function . then we can define the following differential operator it is a well established approach to study the dynamical properties of anosov flows by the discrete spectrum of the operator , the so called pollicott - ruelle resonances . the fact that for volume preserving flows and real valued potentials , the operator is an unbounded , essentially self adjoint operator on might suggest , that has good spectral properties on . however , due to the lack of ellipticity has mainly continuous spectrum which carries little information on the dynamics of the flow . a very important progress was thus to construct banach spaces or hilbert spaces for anosov flows in which the operator has discrete spectrum in a sufficiently large region ( see also for analogous results for anosov diffeomorphism ) . more precisely , it has been shown that there is a family of hilbert spaces parametrized by such that for any and for sufficiantly large the operator acting on has discrete spectrum in the region . this discrete spectrum is known to be intrinsic to the anosov flow together with the potential function and does not depend on the sufficiantly large parameter ( see section [ sec : micro_ruelle ] for a more precise statement ) . accordingly we call a _ pollicott - ruelle resonance _ if it is an eigenvalue of on for sufficiently large and we call the space of _ pollicott - ruelle resonant states_. as is not anymore a normal operator on , there might exist also exist finite dimensional jordan blocks and given a ruelle resonance we denote by the maximal size of a corresponding jordan block and we call the space of _ generalized pollicott - ruelle resonant states_. the interest in these pollicott - ruelle resonances and their resonant states arises from the fact that they govern the decay of correlations . in orde", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.16775497794151306, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We study the dynamical properties of anosov flows by the discrete spectrum of the operator, the so called pollicott - ruelle resonances. In this paper we show that for any and for sufficiantly large the operator acting on has discrete Spectrum in a sufficiently large region. We also discuss the possibility of constructing hilbert spaces for anosian flows.", "reference_summary": "we show that all generalized pollicott - ruelle resonant states of a topologically transitiv anosov flow with an arbitrary potential , have full support ."}
{"id": "paper_251", "title": "The plasmon excitations in coulomb - coupled spherical two - dimensional electron gases ( s2degs )...", "text": "the year 1995 was the culmination of several years of the search for fullerene materials. it also marks the beginning of a whole new area of investigation into the optical and thermal properties of fullerene aggregates . from both an experimental and theoretical perspective , this branch of condensed matter physics is receiving international attention . consequently , the theory for the properties of interacting fullerenes is a subject of considerable interest. following the recent advances in production techniques such as solvent - assisted self - assembly, fullerenes can now be produced in specific quantities even to form thin films of fullerene - like mos nanoparticles and those achievements have stimulated renewed interest in these materials . additionally , the ability to control optical fields has now made it feasible to ascertain the plasmon excitations in pre - arranged arrays of fullerenes. the present paper has been stimulated by these exciting new developments , even though it employs a relatively simple model which is reasonable when the separation between the energy bands is large. additionally , our results may serve as a guide for explaining experimental studies. specifically , we are interested in calculating the plasma excitations of coulomb coupled spherical two - dimensional electron gases ( s2degs). here , we model three coupled spherical shells as shown in fig.[fig:1 ] . in our discussion below , we refer to the s2deg at the origin as \" , and the one centered on the and -axis as `` '' and `` '' , respectively . this notation then allows us to label the coulomb matrix elements between spherical shells `` '' and `` '' with subscript `` '' , where . electron energy loss spectroscopy ( eels ) has been used to probe the plasmon excitations for concentric - shell fullerenes embedded in a film. furthermore , perfectly spherical shells were used in the theoretical modeling of the eels data and the agreement was good . the model of lucas , et al. was sho", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.18067432940006256, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a model for the plasma excitations of coulomb coupled spherical two - dimensional electron gases ( s2degs ) in a thin film of fullerenes embedded in mos nanoparticles. The model is based on the cous - and -axis, which allows us to calculate the plasmon excitation of s 2deg at the origin. We also use the s3deg as an example of a simple model for s2/d.", "reference_summary": "the plasmon excitations in coulomb - coupled spherical two - dimensional electron gases ( s2degs ) reveal an interesting dependence on the displacement vector between the centers of the spheres with respect to the axis of quantization for the angular momentum quantum number . specifically , plasmon modes for a bundle of three s2degs have been obtained within the random - phase approximation ( rpa ) . the inter - sphere coulomb interaction matrix elements and their symmetry properties were also i"}
{"id": "paper_252", "title": "We obtain the leading orders of the maximum and the minimum of local times for the simple random...", "text": "the theory of local times of random walks is very profound . it is well - known that local times of random walks have close relationships with the gaussian free field(gff ) . the connection goes back to . eisenbaum , kaspi , marcus , rosen , and shi gave a powerful equivalence in law called generalized second ray - knight theorem \" ( see remark [ local - time - gff ] ) . using the theorem , ding , lee , and peres established a useful connection between the expected maximum of the gff and the cover time , and quite recently zhai strengthened the result by constructing a coupling of the occupation time filed and the gff ( see theorem [ zhai s thm ] ) . much efforts have been made to study local times of the simple random walk on . erds and taylor obtained an estimate on the maximum of local times of the simple random walk on by time . dembo , peres , rosen and zeitouni improved the result ; they gave the leading order of the maximum and estimated the number of favorite points \" ( see also ) . okada obtained a corresponding estimate on frequently visited sites in the inner boundary of the random walk range . sznitman studied convergences of occupation time fields and related the fields to the gff . as mentioned above , works are closely linked to the study of extremes of the two - dimensional gff . bolthausen , deuschel , and giacomin obtained the leading order of its maximum ( see remark [ remark ] ) . daviaud estimated the number of points with large values of the gff ( see remark [ remark ] ) . in this paper , we study the maximum and the minimum of local times of the simple random walk on the two - dimensional torus at time proportional to the cover time . while similar work has been done in for the gff , one can not apply their results to deduce corresponding local time estimates , and indeed considerable amounts of efforts are needed to obtain such estimates . we also note that the exponents for the local times are different from those of the gff ( see theorem [ ", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.1708483248949051, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We study the maximum and minimum of local times of the simple random walk on the two - dimensional torus at time proportional to the cover time. We find that the maximum is the lowest value of the gaussian free field ( gff ), while the minimum is the highest value of its minimum.", "reference_summary": "we obtain the leading orders of the maximum and the minimum of local times for the simple random walk on the two - dimensional torus at time proportional to the cover time . we also estimate the number of points with large ( or small ) values of the local times . these are analogues of estimates on the two - dimensional gaussian free fields by bolthausen , deuschel , and giacomin [ ann . probab . , * 29 * ( 2001 ) ] and daviaud [ ann . probab . , * 34 * ( 2006 ) ] , but we have different exponen"}
{"id": "paper_253", "title": "We review the interaction in intermediate and high mass stars between their evolution and magnetic...", "text": "observations reveal that around 5 - 10% of intermediate - mass main - sequence ( ms ) stars ( 1.6 - 8 ) have magnetic fields of strength 300 g - 30 kg ( see donati & landstreet 2009 for a recent review of the so - called ` chemically peculiar ' ( cp ) , or ap and bp stars ) . the fields are large - scale and apparently static , i.e. they do not evolve at all over periods of decades , and their host stars rotate much more slowly than normal a stars . it is worthwhile to look at magnetic middle ms stars in the broader context of stellar evolution . stars form by gravitational collapse on a timescale of a few 0.1 myr , set by the free - fall time . at a size of a few 100 au , angular momentum leads to slower growth through quasi - static disk accretion . the proto - star shrinks towards the ms as a t tau star , and later , if massive enough , as a herbig aebe star . during early stages of collapse much magnetic flux may be retained , or lost via ambipolar diffusion , but it is not clear how to retain flux whilst the star is almost fully convective , or how the field of some herbig aebe stars might be related to the earlier t tau dynamo activity phase . on the ms , surface chemistry changes occur as a result of gravitational and radiatively driven atomic diffusion , which must compete with convection , meridional circulation and turbulent diffusion , mass loss from the surface , the magnetic field ( especially in the upper atmosphere and beyond ) , and possibly even accretion . the complications of this multi - dimensional competition probably explain why some stars with fossil fields are marked by very distinctive chemical peculiarities ( hence ` cp ' stars ) while other , hotter magnetic stars are not , but the details of the effects are still far from clear . however , the way in which different effects predominate with changes in stellar parameters such as mass , age and rotation rate make these stars excellent laboratories for the study of the various important int", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17821241915225983, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new study of magnetic middle - mass main - sequence ( ms ) stars with chemically peculiar fields. The field is large - scale and appears static, i. E. They do not evolve at all over periods of decades. In particular, the field does not change during early stages of collapse, and its host stars rotate much slower than normal a stars. We find that the field of some herbig aebe stars has a strong magnetic field of 300 g - 30 kg, which is consistent with the observed evolution of.", "reference_summary": "we review the interaction in intermediate and high mass stars between their evolution and magnetic and chemical properties . we describe the theory of ap - star ` fossil ' fields , before touching on the expected secular diffusive processes which give rise to evolution of the field . we then present recent results from a spectropolarimetric survey of herbig ae / be stars , showing that magnetic fields of the kind seen on the main - sequence already exist during the pre - main sequence phase , in"}
{"id": "paper_254", "title": "We investigate the properties of the host galaxies of x ray selected ( high frequency peaked ) bl...", "text": "bl lacertae objects are the most extreme class of active galactic nuclei ( agn ) , exhibiting strong , rapidly variable polarization and continuum emission , and core - dominated radio emission with apparent superluminal motion ( see e.g. kollgaard et al . 1992 for references ) . these properties have led to the commonly accepted view that bl lacs are dominated by doppler - boosted synchrotron emission from a relativistic jet nearly along our line - of - sight ( blandford & rees 1978 ) . the line emission of bl lacs is absent or weak , making their redshift determination rather difficult . in the current unified models of radio - loud agn ( e.g. urry & padovani 1995 ) , bl lacs are identified as low luminosity , core - dominated f - r i ( fanaroff & riley 1974 ) radio galaxies ( rg ) viewed nearly along the axis of the relativistically boosted jet . this model appears supported by the comparison of their extended radio luminosity and morphology ( e.g. perlman & stocke 1993 ) , host galaxy luminosity and morphology ( e.g. wurtz et al . 1996 ; hereafter wsy96 ) and space density and beamed luminosity functions ( e.g. padovani & urry 1990 ; morris et al . 1991 ; celotti et al . 1993 ) . knowledge of the properties of the host galaxies and environments where agn live is fundamental for the understanding of the formation of agn in galaxies . comparison of orientation - independent properties of bl lacs , such as the host galaxies and environment , with those of rgs , allow one to test the unified model based on orientation ( antonucci 1993 ; urry & padovani 1995 ) . the frequency of close companions will determine whether interactions are important for triggering of the bl lac activity , as seems to be the case for quasars ( e.g. heckman 1990 ; hutchings & neff 1992 ) . possible cosmological evolution in the properties of the hosts and environments can be studied by comparing agn properties at different redshifts . finally , the alternative gravitational lensing hypothes", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.19257116317749023, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new model for the formation of active galactic nuclei ( agn ) in bl lacertae objects. This model is based on the unified model of a b - lacerrae object with a high redshift and a low luminosity, core - dominated radio emission. The model is consistent with the observed bbl - galaxies, which are found to be dominated by doppler - enhanced synchrotron emission from a relativistic jet near our.", "reference_summary": "we investigate the properties of the host galaxies of x ray selected ( high frequency peaked ) bl lac objects using a large and homogeneous data set of high spatial resolution band observations of 52 bl lacs in the emss and slew samples . the redshift distribution of the bl lacs ranges from z = 0.04 to z.7 , with average and median redshifts z = 0.26 and z = 0.24 , respectively . eight objects are at unknown redshift . we are able to resolve 45 objects out of the 52 bl lacs . for all the well re"}
{"id": "paper_255", "title": "We carry out an analysis of the cosmological perturbations in general relativity for three...", "text": "cosmology has made a long way on the last years with the impressive amount of observations and theoretical advancements . yet , cosmology faces many challenging questions like the fundamental cause of the recent acceleration of the universe as predicted by sneia observations almost twenty years ago , and afterwards confirmed by several type of cosmological and astrophysical observations ( see for example for a recent account on this issue ) . the simplest approach is to assume a cosmological constant that started recently dominating the late - time energy density budget of the universe which is in agreement with the current observations . but then the issues _ of why is it so tiny ? _ and _ why this cosmological constant has begun to be important only right now ? _ have to be addressed as well ( see for example : ) . another , equally important , issue is what happens if the cosmological constant is not quite constant ? this has lead to a great interest in exploring other possible scenarios to explain the late - time acceleration of the cosmos by invoking either an additional matter component in the universe , which we name dark energy ( de ) , or by modifying appropriately the laws of gravity ( for a recent account on this issue see , for example , and the extensive list of references provided therein ) . we will focus on the third question : _ what happens if the cosmological constant is not quite constant ? _ more precisely , we will address this question on the framework of the cosmological perturbations and for some de models whose equations of state ; i.e. , the ratio between its pressure and its energy density , deviate slightly from the one corresponding to a cosmological constant . before proceeding let us remind the following well known fact : if the equation of state ( eos ) of de deviates from -1 , the universe fate might be quite different from the one corresponding to an empty de sitter universe . in particular , if the equation of state of dark energy", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17309749126434326, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We consider the cosmological constant of dark energy ( de ) and its equations of state. We find that the eos of dark energies are not quite constant, but they are still very small. In particular, we show that the equation of state of darkenergies is much smaller than the one corresponding to an empty de sitter universe.", "reference_summary": "we carry out an analysis of the cosmological perturbations in general relativity for three different models which are good candidates to describe the current acceleration of the universe . these three set - ups are described classically by perfect fluids with a phantom nature and represent deviations from the most widely accepted cdm model . in addition , each of the models under study induce different future singularities or abrupt events known as ( i ) big rip , ( ii ) little rip and ( iii ) l"}
{"id": "paper_256", "title": "If the is a loosely - bound molecule of the charm mesons and , it can decay through the decay of a...", "text": "the is a narrow resonance near mev discovered by the belle collaboration in electron - positron collisions through the -meson decay followed by the decay . its existence has been confirmed by the cdf and d collaborations through its inclusive production in proton - antiproton collisions and by the babar collaboration through the discovery mode . the combined measurement of the mass of the is which is within 1 mev of the threshold for the charm mesons and . the presence of the among the decay products of the motivates its interpretation as a charmonium state with constituents . two possibilities motivated by the proximity of the mass in eq . ( [ xmass ] ) to the threshold are a hadronic molecule with constituents and a `` cusp '' at the threshold associated with strong coupling to or . other proposed interpretations include a tetraquark with constituents , a `` hybrid charmonium '' state with constituents , a glueball with constituents , and a diquark - antidiquark bound state with constituents . the interpretation as a molecule is particularly predictive because the small binding energy implies that the molecule has universal properties that are completely determined by the binding energy . the small binding energy can be further exploited through factorization formulas for production and decay rates of the . measurements of the decays of the can be used to determine its quantum numbers and narrow down the possibilities . the upper bound on the decay width of the is which is much narrower than other charmonium states above the threshold . the product of the branching fractions associated with the discovery channel is \\ , {  br}[x j/^+^- ] = ( 1.3  0.3 )  10^{-5}. \\ ] ] the invariant mass distribution of the two pions from the decay seems to peak near the upper endpoint , which suggests that the pions come from a virtual resonance . recently the belle collaboration has observed the in the decay mode with the branching ratio  {  br}[x j/ \\ , ^+^- ] } & = & 1.0  0.4_{ ", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.1813303530216217, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new analysis of the decays of the is in the decay mode with the branching ratio. The mass distribution of the two pions from the decay seems to peak near the upper endpoint, which suggests that the pion is from a virtual resonance.", "reference_summary": "if the is a loosely - bound molecule of the charm mesons and , it can decay through the decay of a constituent in a hadronic channel with a nearby threshold , such as or . the differential decay rates of the into , , , and are calculated in terms of and coupling constants using an effective lagrangian that reproduces the decay rates of the and the . the dependence of the coupling constants on the binding energy and the total width of the is determined by a factorization formula . results from a "}
{"id": "paper_257", "title": "A survey of problems , conjectures , and theorems about quasi - isometric classification and...", "text": "our story begins with a theorem of gromov , proved in 1980 . [ theorem : polynomial : growth ] let be any finitely generated group . if has polynomial growth then is virtually nilpotent , i.e. has a finite index nilpotent subgroup . gromov s theorem inspired the more general problem ( see , e.g. ) of understanding to what extent the asymptotic geometry of a finitely generated solvable group determines its algebraic structure . one way in which to pose this question precisely is via the notion of quasi - isometry . a ( coarse ) _ quasi - isometry _ between metric spaces is a map such that , for some constants : 1 . for all . the -neighborhood of is all of . and are _ quasi - isometric _ if there exists a quasi - isometry . note that the quasi - isometry type of a metric space is unchanged upon removal of any bounded subset of ; hence the term `` asymptotic '' . quasi - isometries are the natural maps to study when one is interested in the geometry of a group . in particular : the word metric on any f.g . group is unique up to quasi - isometry . any injective homomorphism with finite index image is a quasi - isometry , as is any surjective homomorphism with finite kernel . the equivalence relation generated by these two types of maps can be described more compactly : two groups are equivalent in this manner if and only if they are _ weakly commensurable _ , which means that there exists a group and homomorphisms , each having finite kernel and finite index image ( proof : show that `` weakly commensurable '' is in fact an equivalence relation ) . this weakens the usual notion of _ commensurability _ , i.e. when and have isomorphic finite index subgroups . weakly commensurable groups are clearly quasi - isometric . any two cocompact , discrete subgroups of a lie group are quasi - isometric . there are cocompact discrete subgroups of the same lie group which are not weakly commensurable , for example arithmetic lattices are not weakly commensurable to non - arithmetic o", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.16334930062294006, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We study the equivalence relation between two groups of a finitely generated group and a surjective homomorphism with finite index image. We show that the -neighborhood of is all of. And are _ quasi - isometric _ if there exists a quasi.", "reference_summary": "a survey of problems , conjectures , and theorems about quasi - isometric classification and rigidity for finitely generated solvable groups ."}
{"id": "paper_258", "title": "Logic - qubit entanglement has attracted much attention in both quantum communication and quantum...", "text": "entanglement is of very importance in most quantum communication protocols . the typical quantum communication protocols such as quantum teleportation , quantum key distribution ( qkd ) , quantum secure direct communication ( qsdc ) and other important quantum communication protocols all require entanglement to set up quantum channel . in a standard quantum communication protocol , one of the communication parties should create the entanglement locally and distribute it to another to share entanglement . unfortunately , during the entanglement distribution , the entanglement will suffer from the noise . the noise will make the photon loss and decoherence . if the photon is lost , the task of communication is a failure . on the other hand , if the entanglement is decoherence , it will induce error , which will decrease the communication efficiency . more seriously , it will make the communication insecure . quantum repeaters and quantum state amplification are two powerful approaches to overcome the obstacle of photon loss . quantum repeaters can connect the short distance entanglement to long distance entanglement . there are some important works of quantum repeaters in various physical systems , such as nitrogen vacancy ( nv ) centers in diamond , atomic ensembles , and optical microcavities . quantum state amplification is used to increase the probability of the single photon after transmission . there are also some important theory and experiment works in quantum state amplification , such as the single qubit amplification , the single qubit amplification encoded in polarization and time - bin degrees of freedom , single - photon entanglement amplification , and so on . on the other hand , entanglement concentration and entanglement purification are two important approaches to recover the degraded entangled states to maximally entangled states and high quality entangled states , respectively . compared with entanglement concentration , entanglement purification w", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.1707225739955902, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We study the entanglement distribution in quantum communication protocols. We find that the entangled states are degraded by the noise and the photon loss. The resulting en Tang - symmetries are compared with the corresponding en - state amplification.", "reference_summary": "logic - qubit entanglement has attracted much attention in both quantum communication and quantum computation . here , we present an efficient protocol to distill the logic - qubit entanglement with the help of cross - kerr nonlinearity . this protocol not only can purify the logic bit - flip error and logic phase - flip error , but also can correct the physical bit - flip error completely . we use cross - kerr nonlinearity to construct quantum nondemolition detectors . our distillation protocol"}
{"id": "paper_259", "title": "We study the possible relationship between the saturation properties of nuclear matter and the...", "text": "the effective nucleon - nucleon ( nn ) interaction is expected , on physical grounds , to be intrinsically non - local . the quark structure of nucleons implies that the potential between two interacting nucleons can not be expressed only in terms of the center of mass degree of freedom , at least for distances smaller than twice the nucleon radius . even a description of the nn interaction in terms of one - boson exchange processes introduces some degree of non - locality . for practical purposes , however , it is convenient to have a local ( energy independent ) nn interaction , to be used in numerical applications . the modeling of the nn interaction by a local potential , with possible guidance from meson exchange processes , has been extremely successful in reproducing the nn experimental phase shifts and deuteron properties . this approach has developed for many years and has reached a high degree of sophistication . it has been established by now that these local nn potentials , which are essentially phase equivalent , give slightly different results for the three- and four - nucleon systems . furthermore , in general they underestimate the binding energy and do not give the correct values for some polarization observables . this drawback has been usually overcome by introducing three - body forces , which can be again justified by the non - elementary nature of the nucleon . actually three - body forces can be generated also by meson - exchange processes of higher order , where the nucleon is excited in the intermediate states of the interaction processes or meson - meson couplings are introduced . both non - locality and three - body forces can be considered to have a common origin , the inner structure of the nucleon . however , one can not fully reduce one to another , since non - locality has definite effects already at the two - body level , e.g. a non - local potential can not be equivalent , in general , to an energy independent local potential . furt", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.16958336532115936, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new approach to the modeling of the nucleon - nucleonal interaction by a local potential, with possible guidance from meson exchange processes. This approach is based on the theory of the three - body force and the non - locality of the two - boson exchange process. It is shown that the nonlocality of these two _ nn _ potentials can be reduced to a level of energy independent, which is consistent with the experimental phase shifts and deuteron properties.", "reference_summary": "we study the possible relationship between the saturation properties of nuclear matter and the inclusion of non - locality in the nucleon - nucleon interaction . to this purpose we compute the saturation curve of nuclear matter within the bethe - brueckner - goldstone theory using a recently proposed realistic non - local potential , and compare it with the corresponding curves obtained with a purely local realistic interaction ( argonne v ) and the most recent version of the one - boson exchang"}
{"id": "paper_260", "title": "We study popular local search and greedy algorithms for standard machine scheduling problems", "text": "the performance guarantee of local search and greedy algorithms for scheduling problems is well studied and understood . for most algorithms , matching upper and lower bounds on their approximation ratio are known . the lower bounds are often somewhat contrived , however , and it is questionable whether they resemble typical instances in practical applications . for that reason , we study these algorithms in the framework of smoothed analysis , in which instances are subject to some degree of random noise . by doing so , we find out for which heuristics and scheduling variants the lower bounds are robust and for which they are fragile and not very likely to occur in practical applications . since pure nash equilibria can be seen as local optima , our results also imply a new bound on the smoothed price of anarchy , showing that known worst - case results are too pessimistic in the presence of noise . let us first describe the scheduling problems that we study . we assume that there is a set of jobs each of which needs to be processed on one of the machines from the set . all jobs and machines are available for processing at time . the goal is to schedule the jobs on the machines such that the _ makespan _ , i.e. , the time at which the last job is completed , is minimized . each machine has a speed and each job has a processing requirement . the time it takes to fully process job on machine depends on the machine environment . we consider two machine environments . the first one is the one of _ uniform parallel machines _ , also known as _ related machines _ : . the second machine environment that we consider is the one of _ restricted related machines _ : a job is only allowed to be processed on a subset of the machines . the processing time is therefore if and if . an instance of a scheduling problem consists of the machine speeds , the processing requirements , and in the restricted case the allowed machine set for every job . a special case for both machine envi", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.1652340143918991, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We study the performance guarantees of local search and greedy algorithms for scheduling problems. We consider two machine environments: the one of uniform parallel machines, also known as _ related machines _, and the one with restricted related machines ( ). The processing time is therefore if and if. An instance of a scheduling problem consists of the machine speeds, the processing requirements,,and in the restricted case the allowed machine set for every job.", "reference_summary": "we study popular local search and greedy algorithms for standard machine scheduling problems . the performance guarantee of these algorithms is well understood , but the worst - case lower bounds seem somewhat contrived and it is questionable whether they arise in practical applications . to find out how robust these bounds are , we study the algorithms in the framework of smoothed analysis , in which instances are subject to some degree of random noise . while the lower bounds for all schedulin"}
{"id": "paper_261", "title": "We introduce the idea of discontinuous electric and magnetic fields at a boundary to design and...", "text": "one of the most basic boundary conditions in electromagnetic theory concerns the interface between two different materials . as propagating waves traverse the boundary they are reflected and refracted with different amplitudes . this occurs specifically because the tangential electric and magnetic fields across the boundary are conserved . one way to interpret this physical behaviour is that by maintaining the continuity of the tangential fields across a material boundary one can subsequently alter and control the propagation of electromagnetic fields in a region . this fact forms the basis for engineering and designing many electromagnetic and optical devices , including waveguides , lenses and scatterers . + + because this idea is so fundamental to electromagnetic theory , the continuity of the fields across interfaces is often taken for granted . however it is worth asking a simple question . what if instead of using material interfaces , and thus continuous fields , to engineer desired wave propagation effects we could somehow impose discontinuities in the field , and thereby alter the propagation and amplitude of the wave . in this scenario , a desired discontinuity in the electromagnetic field is introduced across a boundary by purposely engineering the boundary itself . here , we are building on work done in where we introduced a discontinuous field at a boundary to cloak an object . we now seek to generalize this idea by exploring in more detail how such boundaries are realized , and how can they be used to alter and control the electromagnetic field in a variety of scenarios . + + specifically , we approach this problem by proposing a general way to impose a discontinuity using currents at an interface . these currents will act like a huygens source which radiates the desired wavefront to create the discontinuity in the electromagnetic field . we first propose two ways to implement our discontinuity , one active and one passive . using the active method we ", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17240959405899048, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We propose a general way to impose a discontinuity in the electromagnetic field by using currents at an interface. These currents will act like a huygens source which radiates the desired wavefront to create the discontinuity. We first propose two ways to implement our discontinuity and one passive method.", "reference_summary": "we introduce the idea of discontinuous electric and magnetic fields at a boundary to design and shape wavefronts in an arbitrary manner . to create this discontinuity in the field we use electric and magnetic currents which act like a huygens source to radiate the desired wavefront . these currents can be synthesized either by an array of electric and magnetic dipoles or by a combined impedance and admittance surface . a dipole array is an active implementation to impose discontinuous fields whi"}
{"id": "paper_262", "title": "We consider the activated random walk model on general vertex - transitive graphs", "text": "in this paper we consider the activated random walk ( arw ) model on a vertex - transitive graph . this is a continuous - time interacting particle system with conserved number of particles , where each particle can be in one of two states : a ( active ) or s ( inactive , sleeping ) . initially , the number of particles at each vertex of is an independent bernoulli random variable of parameter $ ] , usually called the _ particle density _ , and all particles are of type a. each a - particle performs an independent , continuous time random walk on with jump rate , and with each jump being to a uniformly random neighbor . moreover , every a - particle has a poisson clock of rate ( called the _ sleeping rate _ ) . when the clock of a particle rings , if the particle does not share the site with other particles , the transition occurs ( that is , the particle becomes of type s ) ; otherwise nothing happens . each s - particle does not move and remains sleeping until another particle jumps into its location . at such an instant , the s - particle turns into type a , giving the transition a+s 2a . for any given , it is expected that arw undergoes a phase transition as varies . for example , if is very small , there is a lot of empty space between particles , which allows each particle to eventually fall asleep ( that is , turn into type ) and never become active again . when this happens , we say that _ arw fixates_. when this does not happen , we say that _ arw is active_. this case is expected to occur when is large , since active particles will repetitively jump on top of other particles , `` waking up '' the ones that had turned into type . in a seminal paper , rolla and sidoravicius showed that this process satisfies a 0 - 1 law ( i.e. , the process is either active or fixated with probability 1 ) and is monotone with respect to . this gives the existence of a critical value such that arw is active almost surely for all , and fixates almost surely for all . though , ", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.16741827130317688, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We consider the activated random walk ( arw ) model on a vertex - transitive graph. This is a continuous - time interacting particle system with conserved number of particles, where each particle can be in one of two states: a ( active ) or s ( inactive ). Initially, the number of particle at each vertex of is an independent bernoulli random variable of parameter $ ], and all particles are of type a. Each a- particle performs an independent random walk on with jump rate.", "reference_summary": "we consider the activated random walk model on general vertex - transitive graphs . a central question in this model is whether the critical density for sustained activity is strictly between 0 and 1 . it was known that on , , and that on for small enough sleeping rate . we show that as in all transient graphs , implying that for small enough sleeping rate . we also show that for any sleeping rate in any graph in which simple random walk has positive speed . furthermore , we prove that in any am"}
{"id": "paper_263", "title": "We have theoretically designed three families of the half - metallic ( hm ) antiferromagnets ( afm...", "text": "half - metallic ( hm ) ferromagnets ( fm ) was first discovered by de groot , _ et al . _ , based on their band structure calculations for magnetic semi - heusler compounds nimnsb and ptmnsb . shortly afterwards , other magnetic materials such as feo and cro were also found to be half - metals . half - metallic materials are characterized by the coexistence of metallic behaviour for one electron spin and insulating behaviour for the other . their electronic density of states is completely spin polarized at the fermi level , and the conductivity is dominated by these metallic single - spin charge carriers . therefore , half - metallic materials offer potential technological applications such as a single - spin electron source , and high - efficiency magnetic sensors . in this work , we search for another kind of hm materials with first - principles calculations . in a hm material , the spin magnetic moment per unit cell is quantized , i.e. , an integer number times bohr magneton ( ) . it may occur that this integer for some hm materials is zero this situation has been called half - matellic antiferromagnetism . most properties such as full spin - polarized conduction electrons , zero spin susceptibility , and no stoner continuum , of these hm antiferromagnts ( afm ) are the same as those of the hm - fms discussed above . however , there is one important difference : a hm - afm produces no macroscopic magnetic field . therefore , a hm - af could support 100% spin polarized charge transport without any net magnetization . furthermore , since there is no symmetry operation ( translation plus spin flip ) that connects its spin - up and spin - down bands , a hm - afm is qualitatively different from a conventional afm such as bcc cr . because of their unique properties mentioned above , hm - afms have recently attracted considerable attention . furthermore , they could be used as , e.g. , a probe of the spin - polarized scanning tunneling microscope without perturbing the ", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17680589854717255, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We study the properties of half - metallic ( hm ) antiferromagnets ( afms ) with first - principles calculations. In this work, we find that a hM - aF can support 100% spin polarized charge transport without any net magnetization.", "reference_summary": "we have theoretically designed three families of the half - metallic ( hm ) antiferromagnets ( afm ) , namely , lavoso , lamotco and lamoreo ( = ca , sr , ba ) , based on a systematic _ ab initio _ study of the ordered double perovskites lao with the possible and pairs from all the 3 , 4 and 5 transtion metal elements being considered . electronic structure calculations based on first - principles density - functional theory with generalized gradient approximation ( gga ) for more than sixty dou"}
{"id": "paper_264", "title": "A complete description of the multitudinous ways in which quantum particles can be entangled...", "text": "the simplest form of finite - dimensional system capable of exhibiting the fundamental , holistic property of entanglement``that feature of quantum formalism which makes it impossible to simulate quantum correlations within any classical formalism '' is that composed of a pair of two - level systems ( quantum bits or `` qubits '' ) . the joint state of two qubits is describable ( ) by a density matrix , that is a hermitian matrix ( its transpose equalling its complex conjugate ) having its four nonnegative diagonal entries ( probabilities)as well as its four nonnegative eigenvalues summing to one . the entirety of such density matrices with their entries restricted to real values which will be our principal subject of analysis here forms a nine - dimensional convex set . we note that density matrices with real entries have been termed `` rebits '' . endowing the nine - dimensional set of pairs of rebits with hilbert - schmidt ( hs ) ( euclidean / flat ) measure , we arrive at the following trio of computational results . the three are : ( 1 ) the average value or mean ( first moment ) of the ( necessarily nonnegative ) determinant of , denoted ( ) , is ; ( 2 ) the mean of the determinant of the partial transpose ( pt ) of negative values of which , by the celebrated results of peres and the horodecki family , are fully equivalent ( for qubit - qubit systems as well as qubit-_qutrit _ systems , representable by density matrices ) to the entanglement / nonseparability of is ; and ( 3 ) the mean of the product of these two determinants , that is ( by the cauchy - binet [ gram s ] theorem ) , is zero . ( the partial transpose identifiable with the antiunitary operation of time - reversal ( cf . )of a matrix can be obtained simply by transposing in place its four blocks . ) so , by assigning to each generic real density matrix , a value equal to this product of determinants , we find that the total ( but yet undetermined , necessarily negative ) value allotted to the ent", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.16732092201709747, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We study the entanglement properties of two qubits in a convex set of density matrices with real entries. We find that the mean of the determinant of the partial transpose of negative values is zero, and the mean is equal to the euclidean / flat measure of the average value of the nonnegative determinants of is.", "reference_summary": "a complete description of the multitudinous ways in which quantum particles can be entangled requires the use of high - dimensional abstract mathematical spaces . we report here a particularly interesting feature of the nine - dimensional convex set endowed with hilbert - schmidt ( euclidean / flat ) measure composed of two - rebit ( ) density matrices ( ) . to each is assigned the product of its ( nonnegative ) determinant and the determinant of its partial transpose negative values of which , "}
{"id": "paper_265", "title": "Motivated by charge balancing constraints for rank modulation schemes , we introduce the notion of...", "text": "we consider a new constraint on permutations that requires moving averages of symbols to be closely concentrated around the mean running average . this constraint and the resulting coding schemes aim to balance charges across cells in rank modulation systems for flash memories . balanced codes may also potentially aid in detecting and correcting errors . this can be accomplished by monitoring whether the balancing constraint is satisfied during the decoding process . hence , the constraint complements existing constraints imposed so as to contain cross - leakage between neighboring cells . the permutation balancing constraint may also be seen as a block - by - block extension of classical bounded running digital sum codes , and some of the construction ideas pursued were inspired by the well known knuth s balancing algorithm . the constraint may be succinctly described as follows . let be a fixed positive integer , and let =\\{{1,2, , n\\}}$ ] . for any two non - negative integers , we use $ ] to denote the set and we use to denote the set of permutations of length . we are concerned with studying codes , where $ ] , defined as follows : if and only if for every and , one has here , takes values in the interval $ ] and is allowed to be a function of and . we refer to the constraint in as a _ balancing constraint _ , as it requires any -consecutive sum of elements in a permutation to stay close to the mean -consecutive sum , which equals . a constraint related to the balancing constraint was studied under the name of _ low - discrepancy permutation constraint _ in a handful of papers . the authors of studied the problem of finding _ a smallest discrepancy permutation_. in particular , they defined the discrepancy of a permutation according to and focused their attention on computing they showed that for any choice of the parameters and . in contrast to the work pertaining to permutation discrepancy , our work is not concerned with finding the smallest discrepancy permu", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17027390003204346, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We consider a new constraint on permutations that requires moving averages of symbols to be closely concentrated around the mean running average. This constraint and the resulting coding schemes aim to balance charges across cells in rank modulation systems for flash memories. Hence, the constraint complements existing constraints imposed so as to contain cross - leakage between neighboring cells. Thus, we consider the problem of finding _ a smallest discrepancy permu _ in a handful of papers.", "reference_summary": "motivated by charge balancing constraints for rank modulation schemes , we introduce the notion of balanced permutations and derive the capacity of balanced permutation codes . we also describe simple interleaving methods for permutation code constructions and show that they approach capacity ."}
{"id": "paper_266", "title": "Using a kinetic simulation of magnetic reconnection it was recently shown that magnetic - field -...", "text": "it is widely believed that magnetic reconnection energizes electrons and is the source of superthermal electrons observed during solar flare events and through _ in situ _ measurements in the earth s magnetosphere . several previous studies of reconnection conclude that the dissipation sites ( where electrons are energized ) are limited to electron scale regions and are insufficient in size to account for the large scale electron energization . to circumvent this conundrum recent models have invoked the possibility of multiple reconnection locations and flux - rope formation , which can facilitate energy release in a larger spatial volume and thereby help energize the large number of electrons required by observations . while there exists clear evidence of magnetic flux - ropes forming in the earth s magnetosphere , these flux - ropes do not appear to be volume filling such that energization at multiple x - lines becomes effective . this suggests that energization within the exhaust from a single x - line needs to be efficient to account for the extensive energization levels recorded experimentally . we therefore revisit electron energization in single x - line reconnection and find that superthermal electrons are produced over large spatial scales in the single x - line reconnection exhaust when the total pressure of the plasma upstream of the reconnection region is dominated by the magnetic field ( ) . in our kinetic simulation , a key to the strong electron energization is the break - down of adiabatic electron dynamics along the magnetic field lines , which , we find , is likely to occur when . the documented heating mechanism and non - adiabatic parallel electron dynamics lead to the formation of strong magnetic field , aligned ( parallel ) electric fields , . these structures are consistent with double layers , where local charge separation generates strong parallel electric fields . the double layers provide an initial energization of electrons streaming into", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17375439405441284, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a kinetic simulation of the electron energization in single x - line reconnection and find that superthermal electrons are produced over large spatial scales in the single X - line. This is consistent with double layers where local charge separation generates strong parallel electric fields.", "reference_summary": "using a kinetic simulation of magnetic reconnection it was recently shown that magnetic - field - aligned electric fields ( ) can be present over large spatial scales in reconnection exhausts . the largest values of are observed within double layers . the existence of double layers in the earth s magnetoshere is well documented . in our simulation their formation is triggered by large parallel streaming of electrons into the reconnection region . these parallel electron fluxes are required for m"}
{"id": "paper_267", "title": "Models without an explicit time dependence , called singular models , are widely used for fitting...", "text": "we are interested in the problem of what happens when a set of nominally identical liquid water droplets are cooled at some rate , until they freeze . it is observed that the droplets do not all freeze at the same temperature ; they freeze over a broad range of temperatures . we want to understand this , and make predictions about this phenomenon , using a simple model . to do this , we define the probability that a randomly selected droplet has _ not _ frozen , at the time when we have cooled it down to a temperature . note that is a cumulative probability , the probability that a sample freezes between and , is . in an experiment , can be approximated by the fraction of a large number of identically prepared droplets that are still liquid at a temperature . levine s model for the freezing of liquid water droplets is simple . he made the following assumptions : 1 . each droplet contains impurities that have a total of nucleation sites . 2 . each nucleation site induces nucleation of ice rapidly at a well defined temperature . this temperature varies from one nucleation site to another . the sites are independent , and the values of are drawn from a probability distribution function . 4 . only one nucleation event is required to induce crystallisation of the droplet , and so the droplet crystallises at the highest of its nucleation sites . we denote this maximum value of a set of s , by . assumption 4 allows us to use extreme - value statistics , see for an introduction to these statistics . here we define a singular model as being a model in which assumptions 1 to 4 are made . in particular , assumption 2 eliminates any time dependence , giving us a model with only a temperature dependence . this definition of a singular model agrees with that of pruppacher and klett . levine then made a fifth assumption : 1 . the distribution of nucleation temperatures at the sites , , is exponential , i.e. , this distribution has two parameters : ( dimensionless ) and ( dimension", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17097608745098114, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We study the freezing of liquid water droplets, using a simple model. We define the probability that a random sample has not frozen at the same temperature, and then make predictions about this phenomenon. In particular, we denote the maximum value of a set of s, by.", "reference_summary": "models without an explicit time dependence , called singular models , are widely used for fitting the distribution of temperatures at which water droplets freeze . in 1950 levine developed the original singular model . his key assumption was that each droplet contained many nucleation sites , and that freezing occurred due to the nucleation site with the highest freezing temperature . the fact that freezing occurs due to the maximum value out of large number of nucleation temperatures , means th"}
{"id": "paper_268", "title": "A successful effective field theory program requires besides the most general effective lagrangian...", "text": "effective field theory ( eft ) has become a powerful tool in the description of the strong interactions at low energies . the central idea is due to weinberg: `` ... if one writes down the most general possible lagrangian , including all terms consistent with assumed symmetry principles , and then calculates matrix elements with this lagrangian to any given order of perturbation theory , the result will simply be the most general possible s matrix consistent with analyticity , perturbative unitarity , cluster decomposition and the assumed symmetry principles . '' the application of these ideas to the interactions among the goldstone bosons of spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking in qcd is referred to as ( mesonic ) chiral perturbation theory ( chpt ) and has been highly successful ( see , e.g. , ref . for a pedagogical introduction ) . besides the most general lagrangian a successful eft program requires a consistent power counting scheme to assess the importance of a given ( renormalized ) diagram . in the following we will outline some recent developments in devising a renormalization scheme leading to a simple and consistent power counting for the renormalized diagrams of a manifestly lorentz - invariant approach to baryon chpt . the standard effective lagrangian relevant to the single - nucleon sector consists of the sum of the purely mesonic and lagrangians , respectively, which are organized in a derivative and quark - mass expansion . the aim is to devise a renormalization procedure generating , after renormalization , the following power counting : a loop integration in dimensions counts as , pion and fermion propagators count as and , respectively , vertices derived from and count as and , respectively . here , generically denotes a small expansion parameter such as , e.g. , the pion mass . in order to illustrate the issue of power counting , we consider as an example the one - loop contribution of fig . [ fig : nucleonselfenergypionloop ] to the nucleon se", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.1693456470966339, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We consider the one - loop contribution of fig in the single - nucleon sector. We show that the one loop contribution is consistent with the standard effective lagrangian and that it can be used to calculate the power counting for the renormalized diagrams of a manifestly lorentz - invariant approach to baryon chiral perturbation theory.", "reference_summary": "a successful effective field theory program requires besides the most general effective lagrangian a perturbative expansion scheme for observables in terms of a consistent power counting method . we discuss a renormalization scheme for manifestly lorentz - invariant baryon chiral perturbation theory generating a simple and consistent power counting for renormalized diagrams . the approach may be used in an iterative procedure to renormalize higher - order loop diagrams and also allows for implem"}
{"id": "paper_269", "title": "We show that the star counts in the spheroid of the milky way are not symmetric about the , plane", "text": "while the milky way galaxy gives us a much better view of the individual component stars than any other galaxy , it is difficult to view our galaxy as an assembled whole . new surveys such as 2mass and sdss , are allowing us to start assembling the global picture one star at a time . other surveys that are in progress such as rave , gaia , pan - starrs , ukidss / vista , and sdss ii / segue will extend our view of the stars not only in positional information but also in kinematic information for a large number of galactic stars . sdss color - magnitude hess diagrams such as figure 11 of show two populations with distinct turnoffs ( see fig . 1 ) . the brighter population has a turnoff at and is associated with the thick disk . the fainter population has a turnoff at , and is associated with the spheroid . 1 shows the color - magnitude selection boxes for thick disk , spheroid , and faint spheroid data samples selected from sdss - dr3 . 2 shows the number counts of spheroid stars as a function of position in the galaxy from sdss dr3 . where there are no counts , we have no data . note that the number counts do not appear to be symmetric about the galactic center . 3 shows this numerically , by plotting star counts along several lines of constant galactic latitude . there are more spheroid stars in quadrant iv than in quadrant i , and the minimum is at rather than , as we would have expected . 4 shows that the spheroid number counts are not significantly asymmetric about the galactic equator . 5 shows the star counts for the thick disk selection for all of dr3 , while fig . 6 shows quantitatively that the thick disk is symmetric about . fig . 7 is a cartoon , looking down on the galactic plane , depicting the star counts that would be observed at a constant height above or below the galactic plane for a sample triaxial spheroid . this type of model can explain a minimum in quadrant ii , and a maximum in quadrant iv for samples of stars close to the sun . it predicts t", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17464181780815125, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new sdss color - magnitude selection box for the thick disk and spheroid data from s - dr3. The number counts of sppheroid stars are calculated by using the sms / scs, ss st, and mss models. We find that the star count is not significantly asymmetric about the galactic center.", "reference_summary": "we show that the star counts in the spheroid of the milky way are not symmetric about the , plane . the minimum counts are found towards . the galactic longitude of maximum star counts depends on the magnitude and color selection of the halo stars . we interpret this as evidence that the spheroid population is triaxial with a major axis oriented from the line of sight from the sun to the galactic center , and approximately perpendicular to the galactic bar . large local star concentrations from "}
{"id": "paper_270", "title": "A system with two correlated gaussian white noises is analysed", "text": "stochastic models with multiplicative , or parametrical , noise find numerous applications in a variety of branches of science and technology . unfortunately , models for which analytical results are known are very scarce and any such a model deserves a thorough discussion . recently , denisov and horsthemke have discussed a model given by the equation where , is a gaussian noise , possibly coloured , and have found that it can describe anomalous diffusion and stochastic localization . denisov and horsthemke have also discussed several physical systems in which models of the type can be useful ; see references provided in their paper . later vitrenko has generalized to include two noise terms : where are certain coloured and correlated gaussian noises . this system has a very nice feature : for , it interpolates between a linear transmitter with multiplicative and additive noises ( ) and a linear system with a purely multiplicative noise ( ) . the two limiting cases , and , are very well known in the literature ( see e.g. ref. and references quoted therein ) . vitrenko has formally linearized the system by means of a substitution that has been already used in : and solved the resulting equation for the trajectories . converting back to the original variable proves to be rather tricky and that author has managed to do so only if the noises are correlated in a very specific ( not to say peculiar ) manner . it is now widely recognized that correlations between various noises can lead to many interesting effects . it is , however , possible that phenomena reported by vitrenko result principally from the very specific form of correlations assumed by this author and are not generic to the system . we find it interesting to see how the system behaves for the intermediate values of when the correlation requirements are less restrictive than those discussed by vitrenko . coloured noises introduce more complexity . however , if a dynamical effect is present in the white noise", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17627599835395813, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We study the correlated gaussian noise of a linear system with multiplicative and additive noises. We find that it is possible to describe anomalous diffusion and stochastic localization in a model given by the equation where is a gausian noise, possibly coloured.", "reference_summary": "a system with two correlated gaussian white noises is analysed . this system can describe both stochastic localization and long tails in the stationary distribution . correlations between the noises can lead to a nonmonotonic behaviour of the variance as function of the intensity of one of the noises and to a stochastic resonance . a method for improving the transmission of external periodic signal by tuning parameters of the system discussed in this paper is proposed . correlated gaussian noise"}
{"id": "paper_271", "title": "Density functional theory ( dft ) calculations of the energy of magnetic anisotropy for diluted...", "text": "microscopic understanding of anisotropic properties of any ferromagnet constitutes a very challenging theoretical task and is very important from the point of view of possible applications . particularly , in the case of ferromagnetic semiconductors , a deep understanding of the mechanisms responsible for the behavior of magnetization becomes crucial because a number of semiconductor properties may be changed by external factors . it was established that direction of the easy axis of magnetization can be changed by changing the density of free carriers or by applying a strain . the carrier concentration can be varied by applying gate voltage to the layer , and strain in a film can be imposed by cementing it to a piezoelectric actuator . these and other related phenomena are described in a recent review . previous theoretical descriptions of magnetic anisotropy in semiconductors were based either on the mean - field zener model , or on the concept of single ion anisotropy . the zener model was applied to iii - v and ii - vi diluted ferromagnetic semiconductors . in this approach , it is assumed that the nonzero macroscopic magnetization of magnetic ions leads , via exchange interaction , to the spin splitting of band states . because of the presence of spin - orbit ( s - o ) interaction , the band structure , and thus the energy of carriers populating band states , depend on the direction of magnetization . in this model the magnetic anisotropy is due to the simultaneous presence of two factors , i.e. the finite concentration of free carriers , and the non - vanishing s - o coupling in the host crystal . for insulating crystals , or for the vanishing band s - o interaction , a vanishing magnetic anisotropy is predicted . ( note that the limit of isolated impurities is beyond the scope of the model . ) the zener model explained , at least semiquantitavely , a number of experiments . + the second approach is based on the concept of single ion anisotropy . the anisotrop", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.1707971841096878, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a theoretical study of the magnetic anisotropy in ferromagnetic semiconductors. The model is applied to iii - v and iv diluted ferROMagnetic silicon. It is assumed that the nonzero macroscopic magnetization of magnetic ions leads to the spin splitting of band states. For insulating crystals, the magnetic - anisotropies are predicted by the mean - field zener model.", "reference_summary": "density functional theory ( dft ) calculations of the energy of magnetic anisotropy for diluted ferromagnetic semiconductor were performed using openmx package with fully relativistic pseudopotentials . the influence of hole concentration and magnetic ion neighbourhood on magnetic anisotropy energy is presented . analysis of microscopic mechanism of magnetic anisotropy is provided , in particular the role of spin - orbit coupling , spin polarization and spatial changes of electron density are di"}
{"id": "paper_272", "title": "Secure transmission of data packets in wireless sensor networks is an important area of research", "text": "wireless sensor networks ( wsns ) consists of a large number of ultra - small , low - cost , battery - powered devices that have limited energy resources , computation , memory and communication capabilities . wsns are often deployed in a vast terrain to detect events of interest and deliver data reports over wireless path to the sink . wsns are used in environment monitoring , military applications , home appliance management , commercial applications , etc .. + + the major services of security are : confidentiality , access control , authentication , non - repudiation and integrity . : it means the data to be transmitted should be protected from passive attacks . _ access control _ : it is the capability to control the access to host systems through the communication links . : it assures that the communication is established between the authentic user . it provides confidence in the identity of the entities connected and assures that the received data is from the claimed source . : it provides the proof that the message was sent or received from the specified device . : it assures that the received data is exactly the same as it was sent by the authorized entity . + + even in the presence of security protocols , the adversaries are able to break the cipher text and find the plain text . data security is essential for critical applications to work in hostile environments . it is easy for the attackers to inject malicious data messages or alter the content of legitimate messages during hop forwarding of data , due to the wireless environment in sensor networks . thus , in sensor network communication , it is essential for authentication mechanisms to ensure that data from a valid source is not altered during transit . in this paper , we have focused on node compromise attack . + + _ motivation _ : data packets are usually forwarded from one node to another using single or multiple hops in wsns . the adversary observes the traffic during routing and tries to compromi", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.18283569812774658, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a node compromise attack on wireless sensor networks ( wsns ). The attackers are motivated by a malicious intent to forwarded data from one node to another using single or multiple hops in wSns and try to compromi the traffic during routing. We show that the attacker can not only forwarded the data from a valid source but also modify the content of legitimate messages.", "reference_summary": "secure transmission of data packets in wireless sensor networks is an important area of research . there is a possibility of an attacker creating security holes in the network . hence , network security and reliability can be achieved by discovering random multiple paths using multiple domains , and forwarding data packets from the source node to the destination node . we have designed , multiple domain routing with overlap of nodes ( mdron ) and multiple domain routing without overlap of nodes "}
{"id": "paper_273", "title": "Recently , using an atomic force microscope and a single cantilever excited at different...", "text": "capillary condensation occurs as soon as a confined geometry is in a presence of a vapor phase . capillary forces are among the most intense at nanoscale , playing an important role in the interaction between almost all surfaces . the importance of dynamical properties of water bridges becomes evident if one considers interacting surfaces with roughness scales down to few nanometers , since in that case , even at moderate speeds of m / s sliding will generate frequencies above 1 mhz . between an atomic force microscope ( afm ) tip and a surface , this interaction , in a long time range , is attractive and remains at the thermodynamical equilibrium . it is described by the young - laplace equation , the nanomeniscus has to adapt its radii of curvature to keep the chemical potentials equal . we have highlighted that a nanomeniscus can appear as a stiff material ( 0.1gpa ) at the nanoscale when excited at high frequency . this was observed using an afm mode called force feedback microscopy ( ffm ) . we have argued that molecular exchange progressively loses efficiency , when the frequency of the tip oscillation is increased and thus the nanomeniscus is no longer at the thermodynamical equilibrium . the capillary bridge is then led to acquire a constant volume during oscillations at high frequencies . in addition to the constant volume picture , the ability of the bridge to adapt to a new shape looses efficiency resulting in a progressive locking of the contact line resulting in changes of the mean curvature radius of the capillary bridge this appears as a transition between a negative stiffness ( n / m ) in the long time regime to positive stiffness at high frequency . the estimated characteristic time is s . our work published in ref was a first approach to this question based on a non - conventional use of afm . it is important to stress that even though the methodology used before is sound it is not well established among the afm community . here we want to show tha", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17248083651065826, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new method for the study of nanomeniscuss at high frequency in an atomic force microscope ( afm ) mode. This technique is based on a non - conventional use of a ffm and it is a first approach to the question of how the bridge can be adapted to a different shape. We show that the mechanism of the bridge is not well established among the aem community, but it is well established by a simple method.", "reference_summary": "recently , using an atomic force microscope and a single cantilever excited at different frequencies it was shown that water nanomeniscus can exhibit a transition in mechanical responses when submitted to stimuli above few tens of khz . the use of a single cantilever to explore phenomena at frequencies far from the cantilever resonance frequency is not a common and well - established strategy , and because water meniscus are ubiquitous in nature , we have also studied the water meniscus mechanic"}
{"id": "paper_274", "title": "Recent _ suzaku _ x - ray observations revealed that the observed entropy profile of the...", "text": "in recent years , galaxy clusters have emerged as one of the unique and powerful laboratories for cosmology and astrophysics . being the largest and most magnificent structures in the universe , clusters of galaxies serve as excellent tracers of the growth of cosmic structures . current generation of x - ray cluster surveys have provided independent confirmation of cosmic acceleration and significantly tighten constraints on the nature of dark energy and alternative theories of gravity ( e.g. , * ? ? ? * ) . new x - ray survey missions ( e.g. , _ erosita _ ) are underway to improve current cosmological constraints . outskirts of galaxy clusters have special importance in cluster cosmology , because they are believed to be much less susceptible to complicated cluster astrophysics , such as radiative gas cooling , star formation , and energy injection from active galactic nuclei . dominant physical processes in the outskirts are limited to the gravity - driven collisionless dynamics of dark matter and hydrodynamics of the intracluster medium ( icm ) . however , until very recently , observational studies of the icm have been limited to radii considerably smaller than the virial radius of clusters . recently , x - ray observations with _ suzaku _ have extended measurements of the icm profile out to and beyond the virial radius for a number of clusters . while measurement uncertainties are still large , the initial results indicate that the observed icm profiles deviate significantly from the predictions of hydrodynamical cluster simulations ( e.g. , * ? ? ? in addition to testing model of structure formation , these new measurements are important for controlling systematic uncertainties for cluster - based cosmological measurements . in the hierarchical structure formation model , clusters grow by accreting materials from the surrounding large - scale structure in their outer envelope . numerical simulations predict that accretion and mergers are ubiquitous and importa", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17652590572834015, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new study of the intracluster medium ( icm ) for a number of clusters. The icM is a large - scale structure that grows by accretion and mergers from the surrounding large _ scale _ structure. Our results are consistent with previous observations of the cdm, which have been limited to radii considerably smaller than the virial radius of cluster. We also show that the observed ic - ray profiles deviate significantly from the predictions of hydrodynamical cluster simulations, indicating that.", "reference_summary": "recent _ suzaku _ x - ray observations revealed that the observed entropy profile of the intracluster medium ( icm ) deviates significantly from the prediction of hydrodynamical simulations of galaxy clusters . in this work , we show that gas clumping introduces significant biases in x - ray measurements of the icm profiles in the outskirts of galaxy clusters . using hydrodynamical simulations of galaxy cluster formation in a concordance cdm model , we demonstrate that gas clumping leads to an o"}
{"id": "paper_275", "title": "The presence of two distant fri radio galaxies in the hubble deep field plus flanking fields...", "text": "early statistics of radio sources indicated that the space density of radio sources was much higher at early cosmological epochs than in the present universe ( ryle & clarke 1961 ) . subsequent deeper radio surveys showed a turnover in the number counts , implying that this strong cosmological evolution must have been confined to only the most powerful radio sources ( longair 1966 ) , and a simple model was developed with two distinct population of radio sources ; one low - luminosity non - evolving population , and one high - luminosity strongly - evolving population ( doroshkevich , longair & zeldovich 1970 ) . wall ( 1980 ) suggested that these two populations of non - evolving and strongly evolving radio sources correspond to the fanaroff & riley ( 1974 ) class i and ii galaxies respectively . this idea of a ` dual population scheme ' has formed the basis of a comprehensive study by jackson & wall ( 1999 ) , who in addition linked through orientation the non - evolving and strongly evolving populations of fri and frii radio galaxies to bl lacs and flat spectrum quasars respectively . a similar scheme has recently been developed by willott et al . ( 2001 ) , but here a weakly evolving and a strongly evolving population correspond to radio galaxies with low and high optical line luminosity , not to fr class . in the mean time , substantial differences were found between the host galaxies of fri and ii radio sources . owen & laing ( 1989 ) found that fris are hosted by larger galaxies than friis . in addition , zirbel & baum ( 1995 ) showed that at the same radio power , friis have 5 times more optical line luminosity than fris . it was therefore proposed that the fr dichotomy may be due to fundamental differences in the structural properties of the central engines in these two types of sources , such as the accretion rate and/or the spin of the central black hole . however , more recently it has been shown by ledlow and owen ( 1996 ) that the owen & laing result w", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17633633315563202, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new model for the evolution of radio sources in the cosmological context, which is based on two distinct populations of radio galaxies: one with low luminosity and one with high luminosities. The two populations correspond to the fanaroff & riley ( 1974 ) class i and ii galaxis respectively. We find that the non - evolving population corresponds to the bl lacs and flat spectrum quasars respectively and that the strong cosmology of these two populations is due to the spin of the.", "reference_summary": "the presence of two distant fri radio galaxies in the hubble deep field plus flanking fields indicates that the number density of these objects is about 10 times higher at z than in the local universe . this is in strong contrast with the idea that fris undergo no cosmological evolution . we advocate that the cosmological evolution of radio sources may be independent of fr class , and instead solely a function of radio power . in this scenario the evolutionary properties of extragalactic radio s"}
{"id": "paper_276", "title": "It is important to understand the mechanism of high - temperature superconductivity", "text": "a basic question in the study of superconductivity is on an upper limit of the critical temperature . it has been suggested that the maximum of is in the range from 30k to 40k when the superconducting transition is based on the electron - phonon interaction [ 1 , 2 ] . the prime reason of low for the electron - phonon mechanism is that the debye frequency is of the order of 100k and is reduced by more than one digit than . in general , the electron - phonon coupling constant is small . thus there is an upper limit for within the electron - phonon mechanism . the interaction of large energy scale will be responsible for high temperature superconductivity . the electronic origin mechanisms of superconductivity are worth studying in the search of high temperature superconductors . the electronic interaction comes from the coulomb interaction between electrons . from this point of view , it is important to consider the intra - atomic coulomb interactions that are of the order of ev . then a question arises as to whether the superconductivity is indeed induced by the coulomb interaction . this subject has been studied intensively by using electronic models with the on - site coulomb interaction including the two - dimensional ( 2d ) hubbard model [ 3 - 26 ] , the d - p model [ 27 - 33 ] and also the ladder hubbard model [ 34 - 38 ] . it remains matter of controversial as to whether the 2d hubbard model accounts for high - temperature superconductivity . most of the results of quantum monte carlo methods have failed to show the existence of superconductivity [ 13,14,18 ] , and some results , however , still keep open the possibility of superconductivity [ 15 , 24 ] . we must note that quantum monte carlo methods are methods being applicable only in the weakly correlated region where is not large and is at most from 4 to 5 . the existence of superconductivity in strongly correlated regions should be considered further . this may account for properties of high - temperature", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.1697264313697815, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We study the superconductivity of a two - dimensional hubbard model with the on - site coulomb interaction. The supercoherence is found to be in the range from 30k to 40k when the electron -phonon coupling constant is low. This is due to the fact that the debye frequency is of the order of 100k and is reduced by more than one digit than. We also consider the effect of the coulibration of the electrons in the two dimensional Hubbard models.", "reference_summary": "it is important to understand the mechanism of high - temperature superconductivity . it is obvious that the interaction with large energy scale is responsible for high critical temperature . the coulomb interaction is one of candidates that bring about high - temperature superconductivity because its characteristic energy is of the order of ev . there have been many works for the hubbard model including three - band d - p model with the on - site coulomb repulsion to investigate a possibility o"}
{"id": "paper_277", "title": "A generalized vertex join of a graph is obtained by joining an arbitrary multiset of its vertices...", "text": "graph polynomials contain various information about graphs and are used to analyze the properties of graphs and networks . two of the most important single - variable graph polynomials are the chromatic polynomial and the flow polynomial . studying these polynomials is an active area of research with many theoretical consequences and practical applications . the chromatic polynomial is related to the potts model , which models the behavior of certain elements of solid state physics , like crystals and ferromagnets . the coefficients of the chromatic polynomial have another application in statistical mechanics they are used to model state changes , as described in the work of sokal . the chromatic polynomial is also related to stirling numbers , and thus finds applications in a variety of analytic and combinatorics problems ; see . there are important theoretical questions surrounding the flow polynomial as well , such as the 5-flow conjecture and other flow existence theorems and conjectures . the flow polynomial also has an application in crystallography and statistical mechanics as it is related to models of the physical properties of ice and crystal lattices . for more applications of chromatic and flow polynomials , see the comprehensive survey of ellis - monaghan and merino and the bibliography therein . unfortunately , computing the chromatic and flow polynomials of a graph are very challenging tasks . these problems are np - hard for general graphs , and even for bipartite planar graphs as shown in , and sparse graphs with . in fact , most of the terms of the chromatic and flow polynomials of general graphs can not even be approximated ( see ) . thus , a large volume of work in this area is focused on exploiting the structure of specific types of graphs in order to derive closed formulas , algorithms , or heuristics for computing their chromatic and flow polynomials . in particular , classes of graphs which are generalizations of trees , cliques , and cycles ", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17322927713394165, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We study the chromatic and flow polynomials of general graphs. We use the heuristics of the eigenvalues of these polynomies to derive closed formulas for the, and the corresponding, terms of the flow polynomies of. In particular, we find that the np - hard terms of, are not even approximated by the hysteresis, which is a function of the number of h - h functions.", "reference_summary": "a generalized vertex join of a graph is obtained by joining an arbitrary multiset of its vertices to a new vertex . we present a low - order polynomial time algorithm for finding the chromatic polynomials of generalized vertex joins of trees , and by duality we find the flow polynomials of arbitrary outerplanar graphs . we also present closed formulas for the chromatic and flow polynomials of vertex joins of cliques and cycles , otherwise known as generalized wheel \" graphs . * keywords : * chro"}
{"id": "paper_278", "title": "For an exact quantitative description of spectral properties in the theory of synchrotron radiation...", "text": "as one of the major quantitative characteristics of spectral distributions for electromagnetic radiation , one commonly uses the concept of spectral half - width . for spectral distributions having a sharp maximum , spectral half - width is the most informative physical characteristic . however , once a spectral distribution has no pronounced maximum , spectral half - width ceases to be an adequate quantitative characteristic . in particular , this is exactly the case of spectral distributions for synchrotron radiation ( sr ) , and therefore sr spectral half - width has neither been calculated theoretically , nor measured experimentally . instead of spectral half - width , the present study proposes to introduce a new precise quantitative characteristic of sr spectral distributions : effective spectral width . it is shown how this quantity can be calculated theoretically , and which physically relevant information can be obtained using this quantity . at present , the theory of synchrotron radiation is a fairly well - developed area of theoretical physics . its main elements are described in monographs ( e.g. ) and numerous articles . among the most important sr physical features , one should take into account a high polarization degree of radiation and a unique structure of spectral distributions . all theoretically predictable sr properties have been confirmed by experiment . the development of sr theory allows one not only to predict radiation characteristics qualitatively , but also to offer exact quantitative characteristics of physically important properties . for example , the high degree of sr polarization was qualitatively predicted by theory more than half a century ago ( see , e.g., ) ; precise quantitative characteristics for linear polarization were also obtained , whereas such quantitative characteristics for circular polarization were obtained much later . in order to set up the problem , we now present some well - known expressions of the classical s", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.16603170335292816, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new quantitative characteristic of synchrotron radiation ( sr ) spectral distributions, effective spectral width. This quantity can be calculated theoretically and measured experimentally. It is shown how this quantity is calculated theoreticalally, and which physically relevant information can be obtained using this quantity.", "reference_summary": "for an exact quantitative description of spectral properties in the theory of synchrotron radiation , the concept of effective spectral width is introduced . in the classical theory , numeric calculations of effective spectral width ( using an effective width not exceeding 100 harmonics ) for polarization components of synchrotron radiation are carried out . the dependence of the effective spectral width and initial harmonic on the energy of a radiating particle is established ."}
{"id": "paper_279", "title": "The possibility of flavor transitions into sterile neutrinos ( accompanying the dominant lma...", "text": "the sno and kamland experiments have played a crucial role in resolving the longstanding solar neutrino problem in terms of large mixing angle ( lma ) msw oscillations and are expected to play an important role in the refinement of the lma solution which is undergoing a deeper scrutiny . does the lma solution explain all the solar neutrino data satisfactorily ? there are , at least , two generic predictions of lma indicating new physics beyond lma . one of these is the prediction of the high argon production rate for homestake experiment which is about 2 above the observed rate . another generic prediction of the lma scenario is the ` spectral upturn ' at low energies . within the lma parameter space , the survival probability should increase with decrease in energy and for the best fit parameters , the upturn could be as large as 10 - 15% between 8 mev and 5 mev . in fact , the spectral upturn at low energies is expected to increase further with the kamland 766.3 ty spectral data favoring a larger value of . however , neither superkamiokande nor sno has reported any statistically significant ` rise - up ' in the observed neutrino survival probability . both these predictions of the lma solution can , only , be tested in the forthcoming phase of high precision measurements in the solar neutrino experiments and are crucial for the final confirmation of the lma solution . another unresolved issue is whether the solar neutrinos oscillate into the sterile component . the main motivation for postulating the existence of the sterile neutrino species comes from the lsnd experiment which reported a significant oscillation probability which requires a new mass scale . since , the z - decay width constrains the number of weakly interacting light neutrino species to be very close to three , one is forced to postulate a sterile neutrino . while the purely sterile oscillation solution is excluded at 7.6 , the solar electron neutrinos could still oscillate into both active and st", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.19013050198554993, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new analysis of the spectral upturn at low energies in the solar neutrino experiment. The spectra are obtained from the sno and kamland experiments and show that the z - decay width is significantly lower than the sterile component. We also find that the upturn is larger than the standard spectroscopic upturn, which is expected to be as large as 10 - 15% between 8 mev and 5 mev.", "reference_summary": "the possibility of flavor transitions into sterile neutrinos ( accompanying the dominant lma transitions ) in the solar boron neutrino flux has been examined in a scenario proposed by hollanda and smirnov to overcome some generic problems of the pure lma scenario . it is found that the most recent sno salt phase solar neutrino data and the kamland 766.3 ty spectral data , allow for a significant sterile presence in the solar boron neutrino flux reaching the earth ."}
{"id": "paper_280", "title": "Using the etfsi ( extended thomas - fermi plus strutinsky integral ) method , we have calculated...", "text": "the r - process of stellar nucleosynthesis depends crucially on the masses and fission barriers ( among other quantities ) of nuclei that are so neutron - rich that there is no hope of being able to measure them in the laboratory ( see refs . for reviews discussing the nuclear data required for an understanding of the r - process ) . it is thus of the greatest importance to be able to make reliable extrapolations of these quantities away from the known region , relatively close to the stability line , out towards the neutron - drip line . until recently the masses and barriers used in all studies of the r - process were calculated on the basis of one form or another of the liquid - drop(let ) model ( ldm ) . however , in an attempt to put the extrapolations on as rigorous a footing as possible we have developed a mass formula that is based entirely on microscopic forces , the etfsi-1 mass formula . calculations of the r - process using the etfsi-1 masses have already been performed , but they are incomplete in that fission had to be neglected , barriers not yet having been calculated in the etfsi model . of course , recourse could have been made to the extensive barrier calculations based on the ldm that had been used in earlier r - process studies , but it would have been inconsistent to use one model for the masses ( required for the neutron - separation energies and the beta - decay energies ) , and another for the barriers . here we remedy this deficiency by presenting the results of etfsi - method calculations of the fission barriers of all of the nearly 2000 nuclei lying in the region of the ( , ) plane shown in fig . 1 . this region covers the range , and extends from moderately neutron - deficient to extremely neutron - rich nuclei , including thereby not only a large fraction of the nuclei whose barriers are known experimentally , but also all nuclei with whose barriers can reasonably be expected to be relevant to the r - process . towards the upper limit o", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.1799265295267105, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present the results of etfsi - method calculations of the fission barriers of all of the nearly 2000 nuclei lying in the region of the plane. These nucleions are known experimentally and have been studied using the liquid drop(let ) model ( ldm ), but they are not yet relevant to the r - process. We show that the mass formula for the fi.", "reference_summary": "using the etfsi ( extended thomas - fermi plus strutinsky integral ) method , we have calculated the fission barriers of nearly 2000 exotic nuclei , including all the neutron - rich nuclei up to that are expected to be relevant to the r - process , and all superheavy nuclei in the vicinity of , with . our calculations were performed with the skyrme force sksc4 , which was determined in the etfsi-1 mass fit . for proton - deficient nuclei in the region of = 184 we find the barriers to be much hig"}
{"id": "paper_281", "title": "In this paper we explore maximal deviations of large random structures from their typical behavior", "text": "one of the principal problems in probability and statistics is the understanding of maximal deviations of averages from their means . the revolutionary work of vapnik and chervonenkis introduced a completely new combinatorial approach that opened many paths and helped us understand this fundamental phenomena . today , the vapnik - chervonenkis theory has become the theoretical basis of statistical machine learning , empirical process theory , and has applications in a diverse array of fields . the purpose of this paper is to initiate the exploration of maximal deviations of complex random structures from their typical behavior . we introduce a model for a high - dimensional random graph process and ask analogous questions to those of vapnik and chervonenkis for deviations of averages : how `` rich '' does the process have to be so that one sees atypical behavior . in particular , we study a process of erds - rnyi random graphs . in the model introduced by erds - rnyi , a graph on vertices is obtained by connecting each pair of vertices with probability , independently , at random . the model has been thoroughly studied and many of its properties are well understood see , e.g. , the monographs of bollobs and janson , uczak , and ruciski . in this paper we introduce a random graph process indexed by unit vectors in , defined as follows . for positive integer , write =\\{1, , n\\}$ ] . for , let be independent standard normal vectors in . denote by the collection of these random points . for each ( where denotes the unit sphere in ) and we define the random graph with vertex set $ ] and edge set , where denotes the usual inner product in . for any fixed and , is distributed as an erds - rnyi random graph , with where is the distribution function of a standard normal random variable . in particular , is a random graph . with a slight abuse of notation , we write for . we study the _ random graph process _ is a stationary process of random graphs , indexed by -dimensional ", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.16864049434661865, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We study a process of erds - rnyi random graphs. The process is a stationary random graph with a normal distribution function in. For any fixed and, it is distributed as an erdas - random graph.", "reference_summary": "in this paper we explore maximal deviations of large random structures from their typical behavior . we introduce a model for a high - dimensional random graph process and ask analogous questions to those of vapnik and chervonenkis for deviations of averages : how `` rich '' does the process have to be so that one sees atypical behavior . in particular , we study a natural process of erds - rnyi random graphs indexed by unit vectors in . we investigate the deviations of the process with respect "}
{"id": "paper_282", "title": "We have studied the interference of degenerate quantum gases in a vertical optical lattice", "text": "atom interferometry lies at the heart of quantum mechanics because it directly reveals the wave nature of massive particles . it is also important with respect to technical applications because it can be used for precision measurements of forces and rotations . to observe the interference , an atomic beam or a trapped atomic sample is subjected to a periodic scatterer often realized with an optical lattice . the lattice probes the coherence of the atoms between neighboring lattice sites , thus leading to constructive or destructive interference , depending on the relative phase between the different paths . on a distant screen , an interference pattern is observed if the width of the initial momentum spread of the atoms in the direction of the lattice is smaller than the recoil momentum of the lattice , where is the lattice spacing . for a thermal beam this condition can be achieved by using apertures which filter out a coherent part of the beam . for a trapped sample however , the temperature of the atoms must be reduced below the recoil temperature . an optical lattice created by two counter propagating laser beams has a lattice spacing of , where is the wavelength of the laser . the recoil temperature which is associated with the recoil momentum is in general below 1 k . consequently , the experimental conditions for observing interference with trapped atoms are similar to the requirements for achieving bose - einstein condensation . it is for this reason , that the first experimental observation of the interference of trapped atoms was made with a bose - einstein condensate . being a completely coherent sample a condensate shows high contrast and good visibility . however the required momentum condition can also be achieved with other atomic samples such as thermal clouds or degenerate fermi gases . indeed our experimental results presented in this work prove that the observation of atomic interference within a trapped sample is not restricted to bose - einstein", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17745840549468994, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new method for observing the interference of trapped atoms in an optical lattice. This technique is used to observe the interference with a bose - einstein condensate. The experiment is performed using a spectral analysis of the atomic sample and a numerical simulation of the observed interference pattern.", "reference_summary": "we have studied the interference of degenerate quantum gases in a vertical optical lattice . the coherence of the atoms leads to an interference pattern when the atoms are released from the lattice . this has been shown for a bose - einstein condensate in early experiments . here we demonstrate that also for fermions an interference pattern can be observed provided that the momentum distribution smaller then the recoil momentum of the lattice . special attention is given to the role of interacti"}
{"id": "paper_283", "title": "On - demand creation of entanglement between distant qubits is desirable for quantum communication...", "text": "an arm of the mzi is considered to be a one - dimensional superconducting transmission line guiding microwave photons from beamsplitter i to beamsplitter ii . accordingly , each arm ( ) of the mzi hosts a one - dimensional continuum of modes the mode operators and , obeying the commutation relations =2 _{jl } (k - k')$ ] , create and annihilate photon states from the vacuum in arm of the mzi . the wave number of a photon is related to its frequency by the linear dispersion relation . in our setup each transmission line ( arm of the mzi ) is intercepted by a microwave resonator enclosing a transmon qubit . for simplicity both cavities are characterized by a single mode described by operators and . the transmon qubit inside a cavity is dispersively coupled to the cavity mode . therefore we can describe each cavity - transmon subsystem by eq . ( [ eq : qubit - cavity - hamiltonian ] ) of the main text . photons inside the cavity can leak into the transmission line and vice versa . this process is described by the coupling hamiltonian \\ ] ] where characterizes the degree of hybridization between the cavity and its environment . then , photons from the transmission line , which enter the cavity , interact with the qubit inside the cavity and are re - emitted into the transmission line . this scattering process is captured by the total hamiltonian far apart from the cavities for , photons in the transmission lines are considered to be freely propagating with respect to . this suggests the definition of the time - dependent input and output fields where the operators and generate asymptotically free scattering states for . for simplicity we will omit the space coordinate in the following and consider only the point where the transmission line is connected to the cavity . as follows from standard input - output theory for cavities , the input and output fields in eqs . ( [ eq : in - state ] ) and ( [ eq : out - state ] ) obey the boundary equation here is the time - depende", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.16750293970108032, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new method for the analysis of cavity - transmon subsystems in the microwave resonator arm of the mzi. The method is based on the hamiltonian theory and the eqs of the main text. We show that the resonsons of each cavity, which are characterized by a single mode, can be dispersed into the transmission line and vice versa.", "reference_summary": "on - demand creation of entanglement between distant qubits is desirable for quantum communication devices but so far not available for superconducting qubits . we propose an entanglement scheme that allows for single - shot deterministic entanglement creation by detecting a single photon passing through a mach - zehnder interferometer with one transmon qubit in each arm . the entanglement production essentially relies on the fact that superconducting microwave structures allow to achieve strong"}
{"id": "paper_284", "title": "Achieving and controlling strong light - matter interactions in many - body systems is of paramount...", "text": "the field of nanoplasmonics is rapidly expanding to various research fields including materials science and chemistry due to tremendous capabilities offered by modern nanofabrication techniques. outstanding control is achieved in patterning metal surfaces. such a control provides a wider accessibility to evanescent electromagnetic modes to manipulate individual atoms and molecules. being able to couple molecules to cavity modes in the strong coupling regime , i.e. when the coupling strength surpasses all damping rates , is appealing due to various applications in molecular and material science by changing and allowing one to control the optical properties of the emitters or absorbers . recently , the strong optical coupling of plasmonic and excitonic systems has been achieved for different plasmonic structures , involving both localized and propagating surface plasmon - polaritons . hybrid exciton - plasmon modes formed due to strong coupling between molecules and plasmons have been observed as upper and lower polariton branches. the separation between the branches at zero - detuning referred to as a rabi splitting determines how strong two subsystems are coupled and how quickly the energy is transferred between them . the research in exciton - plasmon systems has its origins in the physics of semiconductor microcavities , where a typical rabi splitting can easily achieve tens of mev. plasmon - sustaining nanomaterials offer significantly smaller volume of a resonant mode ( in this case surface plasmon - polaritons ) and thus higher local fields and in turn greater rabi splittings well surpassing mev mark. in this paper , we examine the light - matter interaction in the strong coupling limit by combining the bragg - plasmon ( bp ) mode of a hybrid organo - metallic colloidal array with excitonic j - aggregates dispersed on top of the grating . in order to control and maximize the rabi splitting energy , the spatial and spectral confinements of the electric field in ", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.18078231811523438, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We study the light - matter interaction in the strong coupling limit by combining the bragg - plasmon ( bp ) mode of a hybrid organo - metallic colloidal array with excitonic j - aggregates dispersed on top of the grating. The resulting rabi splitting energy is obtained by using the spectral confinement of the electric field in the weak coupling regime.", "reference_summary": "achieving and controlling strong light - matter interactions in many - body systems is of paramount importance both for fundamental understanding and potential applications . in this paper we demonstrate both experimentally and theoretically how to manipulate strong coupling between the bragg - plasmon mode supported by a organo - metallic array and molecular excitons in the form of j - aggregates dispersed on the hybrid structure . we observe experimentally the transition from a conventional st"}
{"id": "paper_285", "title": "We study the preparation of entangled pure gaussian states via reservoir engineering", "text": "gaussian states play an essential role in continuous - variable quantum information processing . therefore , the preparation of pure gaussian states is an important task . mathematically , any pure gaussian state can be prepared beginning with the vacuum state , and then applying a gaussian unitary action whose heisenberg action is a symplectic linear transformation on the vector of quadrature operators . this method of pure gaussian state preparation is a closed - system approach . here we consider the preparation of pure gaussian states via an open - system approach . the main idea is that by engineering coherent and dissipative processes , a quantum system can be made strictly stable and will evolve into a given pure gaussian state . this approach is known as _ reservoir engineering _ it is an efficient and robust approach to driving a quantum system into a desired target quantum state . in the finite - dimensional case , the problem of pure quantum state stabilization by reservoir engineering has been studied theoretically in . in the infinite - dimensional case , the problem of preparing a pure gaussian state via reservoir engineering has recently been explored in . in this paper , we focus on the preparation of pure gaussian states via reservoir engineering . we consider an open quantum system , the time evolution of which is governed by a markovian lindblad master equation : + _{j=1}^{k} ( _{j} _{j}^ * -{2}_{j}^*_{j} -{2} _{j}^*_{j}),\\ ] ] where is the density operator , is the hamiltonian operator , is a set of lindblad operators that represent the coupling of the system with its environment , and is the number of dissipative channels . for convenience , we collect all of the lindblad operators into a vector ^{}$ ] , and we call the _ coupling vector_. the lindblad master equation can typically be derived if the system is coupled weakly to a very large environment . under some circumstances , the evolution described by the lindblad master equation will be st", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17619432508945465, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We consider a closed - system approach to the preparation of pure gaussian states via reservoir engineering. We consider an open quantum system, where the time evolution is governed by a markovian lindblad master equation. The coupling vector is derived from the lind Blad master, and the corresponding hamiltonian operator is a set of lind Blair operators that represent the couping of the system with its environment.", "reference_summary": "we study the preparation of entangled pure gaussian states via reservoir engineering . in particular , we consider a chain consisting of quantum harmonic oscillators where the central oscillator of the chain is coupled to a single reservoir . we then completely parametrize the class of -mode pure gaussian states that can be prepared by this type of quantum harmonic oscillator chain . this parametrization allows us to determine the steady - state entanglement properties of such quantum harmonic o"}
{"id": "paper_286", "title": "Model independent reconstructions of dark energy have received some attention", "text": "it is very timely to continue to explore the acceleration of the universe , as its discovery has very recently finally gathered the top recognition of the community . the question of whether such evolution is produced by a dark energy component or rather a manifestation of bold unknown physics remains one of the most puzzling topics in cosmology . assuming the dark energy scenario , and beyond theoretical questioning about its physical nature , it is most vital to learn to extract the best and most relevant information from current astronomical data . many methods are strongly tied to the assumption of a background cosmological model or , equivalently , of an analytical dark energy equation of state ( eos ) . such is precisely the case of the reconstruction of the hubble diagram of type ia supernovae ( sneia ) , which provided the first evidence for the acceleration of the universe . the diagram presents the corresponding distance modulus at different redhsifts and is computed from the eos itself after a convenient integration in redshift . variations of this procedure apply as well when considering other observational tests such as gamma ray bursts ( grbs ) , baryon acoustic oscillations ( bao ) or the cosmic microwave background ( cmb ) . but even though biases on final results may depend on the previously described assumptions , that route , and in particular giving a specific prescription of the eos is still the most popular data analysis method , as opposed to model independent methods ( eos free prescriptions ) for the reconstruction of dark energy . fortunately , literature sources about this alternative way to explore the accelerated universe have mounted considerably , and thus the state of the art has turned promising . in the authors present a different approach to this model independent reconstruction : the dimensionless coordinate distance and its first and second order derivatives with respect to redshift are reconstructed using a polynomial fit inside", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.18021853268146515, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new approach to the reconstruction of the hubble diagram of type ia supernovae ( sneia ) using a polynomial fit inside the redshift. The first and second order derivatives of the dimensionless coordinate distance and its first and Second order derivative are reconstructed using a symmetric fit inside. This method is based on the assumption of an analytical dark energy equation of state ( eos ), which is still the most popular data analysis method. In particular, it is strongly tied to the assumption that.", "reference_summary": "model independent reconstructions of dark energy have received some attention . the approach that addresses the reconstruction of the dimensionless coordinate distance and its two first derivatives using a polynomial fit in different redshift windows is well developed . in this work we offer new insights into the problem by focusing on two types of observational probes : sneia and grbs . our results allow to highlight some of the intrinsic weaknesses of the method . one of the directions we foll"}
{"id": "paper_287", "title": "We prove the asymptotic formulas for the transition densities of isotropic unimodal convolution...", "text": "let be an isotropic unimodal lvy process on with the lvy khintchine exponent . in the recent paper , the estimates of the transition densities were studied under the assumption that has lower and upper matuszewska indices strictly between and . in fact , more detailed information can be obtained whenever stronger assumption about the behaviour of is imposed . namely , in , it is proved that if varies regularly at infinity with index then and where moreover , the asymptotics implies that varies regularly at infinity with index . a similar result was proved also for regularly varying at the origin . the natural question arises : what are the asymptotic behaviour and estimates of the semigroup for the endpoints . regarding estimates , the case was investigated for subordinate brownian motions in the recent paper . however , the case seems to be hardly studied . in ( * theorem 5.52 ) there are estimates of for small values of time variable for a geometric stable process , that is when for some . to the authors best knowledge the asymptotics were never studied before . this article is an attempt to fill that gap in the theory . we provide a solution for a large class of slowly varying symbols including geometric stable and iterated geometric stable cases . namely , we study processes with symbols belonging to de haan class associated with a function slowly varying at infinity , for definition see . for an isotropic unimodal lvy process on with the lvy khintchine exponent , which is equivalent to regular variation with index at the origin of the density of lvy s measure of the process ( see theorem [ thm:5 ] ) , we derive several asymptotic results describing the behaviour of the transition density and the green function . to be more precise , in section [ sec:3 ] , we prove that we also study the density of the lvy measure of the process . in particular , implies that for the green function of , if the process is transient ( what always holds if ) , we show that in parti", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.16660192608833313, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We study the asymptotic behaviour of a large class of slowly varying symbols including geometric stable and iterated geometric stable cases. In particular, we derive several asymtotic results describing the behaviour of the transition density and the green function.", "reference_summary": "we prove the asymptotic formulas for the transition densities of isotropic unimodal convolution semigroups of probability measures on under the assumption that its lvy khintchine exponent varies slowly . we also derive some new estimates of the transition densities and green functions ."}
{"id": "paper_288", "title": "A search for neutrino oscillations of the type has been conducted at the los alamos meson physics...", "text": "standard electroweak theory has three lepton families , each with a charged and neutral partner . it is widely accepted that lepton family number is conserved and so these families are not expected to transform into one another . the minimal theory also assumes that neutrino masses are zero , providing a natural explanation for the left - handed character of the weak interaction . in the last few years it has gradually become accepted that the standard model may well need to be extended to accept finite neutrino mass . the deficit of solar neutrinos and indications from anomalies in atmospheric neutrino events have raised expectations that neutrino oscillations may occur , implying lepton family number mixing and finite neutrino masses . a search for neutrino oscillations has been conducted with the apparatus described in this paper , both from neutrinos generated by muon decay at rest as well as those from pion decay in flight . the source is unique in that the backgrounds expected from conventional processes are very small . the liquid scintillator neutrino detector ( lsnd ) was designed to detect neutrinos originating in a proton target and beam stop at the los alamos meson physics facility ( lampf ) . the primary goal was to search for transitions from muon - type to electron - type neutrinos in two complementary ways . the lsnd experiment was proposed for this purpose in 1989 and first operated in 1993 . first results have been published on the search for the appearance of from the large flux of from muon decay at rest ( dar ) . a search is also being conducted for electron neutrinos in a dominantly beam from pions that decay in flight ( dif ) . this paper focuses on the apparatus that was used in both searches . details of the experiment are included that could not appear in a more compressed format . for the``at rest '' experimental strategy to be successful , the target had to be a copious source of in a particular energy range of interest with relatively fe", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17690518498420715, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The liquid scintillator neutrino detector ( lsnd ) is designed to detect neutrinos generated by muon decay at rest and those from pion decay in flight. The experiment was designed to search for transitions from muon - type to electron -type neutrinox in two complementary ways. Both searches are performed with the same apparatus, which can be used to detect the appearance of from the large flux of from muonal decay at Rest and electron neutrintz in a dominantly beam from a proton that decay in Flight.", "reference_summary": "a search for neutrino oscillations of the type has been conducted at the los alamos meson physics facility using from muon decay at rest . evidence for this transition has been reported previously . this paper discusses in detail the experimental setup , detector operation and neutrino source , including aspects relevant to oscillation searches in the muon decay - at - rest and pion decay in flight channels ."}
{"id": "paper_289", "title": "Broad iron emission lines are observed in many accreting systems from black holes in agn and x -...", "text": "x - ray emission from compact objects can often be characterized as a mixture of two direct emission components : thermal emission from an accretion disk ( and stellar surface , in the case of neutron stars ) , and non - thermal emission that often takes a power - law form . the non - thermal or hard \" emission is attributed to a a short and incomplete list of viable models for the corona includes : thermal comptonization in the innermost accretion flow ( e.g. * ? ? ? * ) , magnetic flares above the inner disk ( e.g. * ? ? ? * ) , and a mixture of processes in the base of a relativistic jet ( e.g. * ? ? ? regardless of the specific form of the corona , however , hard x - ray irradiation of the inner accretion disk is inevitable , and the reaction or reflection \" spectrum has been calculated in detail ( e.g. * ? ? ? * ) . the most prominent feature of reflection is a broad iron emission line . theoretical treatments of disk reflection have advanced continually , largely driven by observational results . spectroscopic features consistent with the x - ray irradiation of the inner accretion disk have now been observed in stellar - mass black holes , massive black holes in active galactic nuclei , and x - ray binaries harboring neutron stars ( for reviews and summary papers , see , e.g. , * ? ? ? * ; * ? ? ? * ; * ? ? ? disk reflection spectra are calculated in the fluid frame of the disk , and must be convolved with a relativistic blurring function to fit the spectra that are observed ( for recent examples , see * ? ? ? * ; * ? ? ? the full power of disk reflection is then harnessed : the extent to which the spectra are blurred by doppler shifts in the inner disk , and gravitational redshifts near to the compact object , can be used to measure the inner radius of the disk and black hole spin ( e.g. * ? ? ? * ; * ? ? ? * ; * ? ? ? * and references therein ) . in neutron star x - ray binaries , the inner extent of the disk can be used to set a limit on the stellar radius ", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.18080051243305206, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new method for the analysis of disk reflection spectra in the inner accretion disk. We use a simple, non - linear approach to the calculation of the x - ray emission spectrum from the disk, and compare it with the results obtained by a previous study. The spectroscopic properties of the disk reflection spectrum are discussed, including the presence of a broad iron emission line, the extent to which the spectral features are blurred by doppler shifts in the disk and gravitational redshifts near to the.", "reference_summary": "broad iron emission lines are observed in many accreting systems from black holes in agn and x - ray binaries to neutron star low - mass x - ray binaries . the origin of the line broadening is often interpreted as due to dynamical broadening and relativistic effects . however , alternative interpretations have been proposed , included broadening due to compton scattering in a wind or accretion disk atmosphere . here we explore the observational signatures expected from broadening in a wind , in "}
{"id": "paper_290", "title": "We have investigated the optical properties of a single inasp quantum dot embedded in a standing...", "text": "semiconductor quantum dots ( ods ) are called artificial atoms because of their atom - like discrete electronic structure due to quantum confinement . exciton spin confined in their structure can relax via a wide variety of interaction and/or scattering : valence band mixing , coulomb interaction with environmental charge fluctuation , nuclear spin fluctuation , and so on . in narrow bandgap semiconductor nanostructures , heavy hole - light hole mixing is enhanced by strong spin - orbit interaction . recently , research on semiconductor nanowires ( nws ) has been revived because of their great potentials for nano - scale electrical and optical devices such as quantum logic circuits , photon detectors , and photon sources for quantum information processing due to the controllability of doping , shape , position , composition , and the possibility of electrical nano - contacts with the improvements in growth and nano - fabrication technology . fast dephasing of carriers in nw structures fabricated by top - down techniques such as photolithography and electron - beam lithography is improved by the reduction of surface traps induced by defects and/or disorders with epitaxially grown bottom - up single or multi core(-shelled ) nw structures . qds embedded nws ( hereafter called nw - qd ) , i.e. combined 0-d . structures , are among of the most promising candidates for realizing single - photon detector and on - demand single - photon sources with high ( long ) coherence ( dephasing ) . emitter dephasing and polarization instability set up bit errors and debase communication distance limit when implementing phase and polarization coding quantum key distribution protocol . in this paper we investigate the transverse and longitudinal exciton spin relaxation times . the transverse exciton spin relaxation time of our nw - qd caused by fluctuation in surrounding excess charges in the nw is suppressed with decreasing excitation power , which was observed by first - order photon", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17687080800533295, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We study the transverse and longitudinal exciton spin relaxation times of embedded semiconductor quantum dots ( qds ). The transversal excitonic spin relaxation time is suppressed with decreasing excitation power, which was observed by first - order photons.", "reference_summary": "we have investigated the optical properties of a single inasp quantum dot embedded in a standing inp nanowire . a regular array of nanowires was fabricated by epitaxial growth and electron - beam patterning . the elongation of transverse exciton spin relaxation time of the exciton state with decreasing excitation power was observed by first - order photon correlation measurements . this behavior is well explained by the motional narrowing mechanism induced by gaussian fluctuations of environment"}
{"id": "paper_291", "title": "Emission from active galactic nuclei is known to vary strongly over time over a wide energy band ,...", "text": "optical continuum variability is a universal property of radio - quiet agn which has been studied for several decades , but its origin is still unclear . the optical continuum emission almost certainly originates from the accretion disc , so it is natural to assume that disc variability ( e.g. through accretion rate fluctuations ) drives the optical variability . models where the variability is _ intrinsic _ to the disc , however , suffer from several problems . firstly , optical variability is seen on time - scales as short as a day , whereas accretion variability time - scales in standard accretion discs should be long in the optically - emitting regions , comparable to the viscous time - scale which can be of the order of a year or more . secondly , variations are well - correlated in different optical bands , with only short ( days ) delays between bands , in the sense that longer - wavelength variations lag shorter - wavelength variations . since local disc temperature should decrease with radius as , shorter wavelengths originate from smaller radii . therefore , in the case of inward - propagating fluctuations the long - wavelength variations lead , rather than lag , the short - wavelength variations . also , the resulting delays would be large , comparable to the radial drift time - scale , contrary to the observed day - scale delays . to account for the observed optical properties , suggested that the variability is driven by changes of the x - ray continuum which illuminates and thereby heats the disc , causing optical continuum variations . since the x - ray emission is likely to be centrally concentrated , blue bands should respond to the x - ray variations first , followed by red , with short delays corresponding to the light - travel time delay between the blue and red - emitting parts of the disc . the predicted optical time - delay scales with wavelength as , and the observed dependencies of optical continuum lags on wavelength are consistent with thi", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.16641777753829956, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a model of optical continuum variability in the accretion disc. The model is based on the x - ray emission from the disc and its dependence on the time - scales of the corresponding bands is investigated. We find that the optical variability is driven by changes of the disc x and ray continuum which illuminates and thereby heats the disc in the presence of a large number of x wavelength variations.", "reference_summary": "emission from active galactic nuclei is known to vary strongly over time over a wide energy band , but the origin of the variability and especially of the inter - band correlations is still not well established . here we present the results of our x - ray and optical monitoring campaign of the quasar , covering a period of 2.5 years . the x - ray 210 kev flux is remarkably well correlated with the optical b , v and r bands , their fluctuations are almost simultaneous with a delay consistent with"}
{"id": "paper_292", "title": "54", "text": "fig . 1 . numerically obtained order parameter along a polyacetylene chain of 80 pairs of carbon atoms for one particular ( but typical ) realization of off - diagonal disorder . the thin line does not account for lattice relaxation , the thick line does . fig . 2 . illustration of the energies of several multi - kink configurations as a function of the magnitude of the disorder fluctuation . from bottom to top ( at zero disorder ) , the curves correspond to chains with 0 to 4 soliton - antisoliton pairs .", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.16614194214344025, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a numerical analysis of the order parameter along a polyacetylene chain of 80 pairs of carbon atoms for one particular ( but typical ) realization of off - diagonal disorder. The thin line does not account for lattice relaxation, the thick line does.", "reference_summary": "54.8pt 54.8pt we show that weak off - diagonal disorder in degenerate ground state conjugated polymers results in a finite density of randomly positioned kinks ( solitons and antisolitons ) in the lattice dimerization . for realistic values of the disorder , these kinks should clearly show up in the optical and magnetic properties . for over thirty years , conjugated polymers have provided a rich field of fundamental and technological research . they belong to a large class of quasi - one - dime"}
{"id": "paper_293", "title": "We introduce a method for identifying `` twin '' type ia supernovae , and using them to improve...", "text": "type ia supernovae ( sne ia ) have a well - established history as standardized candles for cosmological distance measurements . in the late 1990s , studies of high - redshift type ia supernovae led to the discovery of the accelerated expansion of the universe a remarkable and paradigm - shifting discovery . before standardization is applied , among `` normal '' sne ia there exists a dispersion of approximately 40% . the physical source of this variation is not fully understood , but a number of methods have been developed to reduce this natural dispersion . the most established approach uses the light curve width and color as standardization parameters . sne ia with broader light curves tend to be brighter . to some degree , the color correction seems able to account for extrinsic reddening due to dust and intrinsic color differences ( presumably arising from differences in the physics of the supernova explosion ) . with these corrections , the variation in brightness drops to % , allowing precision cosmology measurements using large samples of sne ia . since the discovery of the accelerating expansion , many large type ia supernova programs have been undertaken , resulting in sufficiently large data sets that statistical errors have become subdominant to systematic errors . much of the effort in reducing systematic errors has focused on the flux calibration of sne ia at low - redshift relative to those at high redshift since this error is relatively large and there are clear , though technically challenging , means of addressing it . if the remaining dispersion of 15% were due to a statistically homogeneous process , then correction of flux calibration issues would clear the way for more large sn surveys using conventional light curve width and color standardization . however , there is ample evidence that the remaining dispersion is not statistically homogeneous . only relatively recently have significant biases correlated with host galaxy environment been uncove", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.18056648969650269, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new method for standardizing the light curve width and color of type ia supernovae ( sne ii ) using the light curvature width and Color standardization technique. This method is based on the light - curve width, color, and light curve length parameters. The method is applied to a large sample of ssn, which has been previously used as a standard candle for cosmological distance measurements. We find that the dispersion of 15% is due to a statistically homogeneous process.", "reference_summary": "we introduce a method for identifying `` twin '' type ia supernovae , and using them to improve distance measurements . this novel approach to type ia supernova standardization is made possible by spectrophotometric time series observations from the nearby supernova factory ( snfactory ) . we begin with a well - measured set of supernovae , find pairs whose spectra match well across the entire optical window , and then test whether this leads to a smaller dispersion in their absolute brightnesse"}
{"id": "paper_294", "title": "We present a systematic observational study of the relationship between bars and boxy / peanut -...", "text": "many spiral galaxies display boxy or peanut - shaped bulges when viewed edge - on . unfortunately , statistical studies of the incidence of these objects have not used objective criteria to quantify the boxiness of the bulges , and they are therefore hard to compare and yield moderately different results . nevertheless , it seems clear that at least 20 - 30% of edge - on spirals possess a boxy / peanut - shaped ( hereafter b / ps ) bulge ( see jarvis 1986 ; shaw 1987 ; de souza & dos anjos 1987 ) . spiral galaxies with a b / ps bulge are therefore a significant class of objects . the fact that the boxy / peanut shape is seen only in edge - on spirals indicates that the shape is related to the vertical distribution of light . compared to the usual light distribution of spheroids , b / ps bulges have excess light above the plane at large galactocentric radii ( see shaw 1993 ) . furthermore , the three - dimensional ( hereafter 3d ) light distribution of b / ps bulges must be even more extreme than their projected surface brightness ( see , e.g. , binney & petrou 1985 for axisymmetric models ) . b / ps bulges also appear to rotate cylindrically , i.e. their rotation is independent of the height above the plane ( e.g. kormendy & illingworth 1982 ; rowley 1986 ) . several models have been proposed to explain the structure of b / ps bulges ( e.g. combes & sanders 1981 ; may , van albada , & norman 1985 ; binney & petrou 1985 ) . however , despite their prevalence and interesting structural and dynamical properties , b / ps bulges remain poorly studied observationally , probably because the edge - on projection makes the interpretation of observational data difficult . in this paper , we present new kinematical data for a large sample of spiral galaxies with a b / ps bulge . our main goals are to determine their 3d structure and to identify their likely formation mechanism . we use our data to show that b / ps bulges are simply thick bars viewed edge - on . in [ sec : form", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.1828877329826355, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new kinematical model for the boxy / peanut - shaped bulge of spiral galaxies with edge - on projections. We show that the bulge is related to the vertical distribution of light, and that the shape is related with the horizontal distribution of the light. The two -dimensional ( hereafter 3d ) light distribution is also found to be even more extreme than the projected surface brightness.", "reference_summary": "we present a systematic observational study of the relationship between bars and boxy / peanut - shaped ( b / ps ) bulges . we first review and discuss proposed mechanisms for their formation , focussing on accretion and bar - buckling scenarios . using new methods relying on the kinematics of edge - on disks , we then look for bars in a large sample of edge - on spiral galaxies with a b / ps bulge and in a smaller control sample of edge - on spirals with more spheroidal bulges . we present posi"}
{"id": "paper_295", "title": "The rates for diffractive quarkonium plus prompt - photon associated production at the lhc are...", "text": "in recent years , a wide variety of small- and hard diffractive processes which are under intense study experimentally has been used to improve our knowledge about quantum chromodynamics ( qcd ) . an outstanding process is the diffractive heavy quarkonium production , where their large masses provide a natural hard scale that allows the application of perturbative qcd . there are several mechanisms proposed for the quarkonium production in hadron colliders , as the color singlet model , the color octet model and the color evaporation model . an important feature of these perturbative qcd models is that the cross section for quarkonium production is expressed in terms of the product of two gluon densities at large energies . in a similar way , the diffractive quarkonium production is also sensitive to the gluon content of the pomeron at small- and may be particularly useful in studying the different mechanisms for quarkonium production . from the experimental point of view , the heavy quarkonium production is of special significance because they have an extremely clean signature through their leptonic decay modes . as long diffractive processes are concerned , in hadron collisions they are well described , with respect to the overall cross - sections , by regge theory in terms of the exchange of a pomeron with vacuum quantum numbers . however , the nature of the pomeron and its reaction mechanisms are not completely known . a good channel is the use of hard scattering to resolve the quark and gluon content in the pomeron . such a parton structure is natural in a modern qcd approach to the strongly interacting pomeron . the systematic observations of diffractive deep inelastic scattering ( ddis ) at hera have increased the knowledge about the qcd pomeron , providing us with the diffractive distributions of singlet quarks and gluons in pomeron as well as the diffractive structure function . in hadronic collisions , we shall characterize an event as single diffractive i", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17087313532829285, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We study the gluon and quark production in hadronic collisions by using the qcd deep inelastic scattering ( ddis ) method. We find that the dcd process is sensitive to the Gluon content of the pomeron at small energies, which is a good channel for studying the diffractive structure function of the interacting pomerone.", "reference_summary": "the rates for diffractive quarkonium plus prompt - photon associated production at the lhc are estimated . the theoretical framework considered in the ( or ) production associated with a direct photon at the hadron collider is the non - relativistic qcd ( nrqcd ) factorization formalism . the corresponding single diffractive cross section is computed based on the hard diffractive scattering factorization supplemented by absorptive corrections . such processes are sensitive to the gluon content o"}
{"id": "paper_296", "title": "The measured data on the nuclear modification factor for pions and reconstructed jets as well as on...", "text": "one of the formidable tasks in heavy - ion physics is to identify a precise understanding of the jet - medium dynamics , the jet - medium interactions , and the jet - energy loss formalism . below , we study the influence of the details of the jet - medium coupling and the medium background on the simultaneous description of the nuclear modification factor ( ) and the high- elliptic flow ( ) measured at rhic and lhc for a radiative pqcd energy - loss ansatz . we contrast media determined via the viscous hydrodynamic approach vish2 + 1 with the parton - cascade bamps as well as a jet - medium coupling depending on the collision energy with a jet - medium coupling influenced by the energy of the jet , the temperature of the medium and non - equilibrium effects around the phase transition . besides this , we compare the jet - energy loss based on radiative pqcd with the hybrid ads energy - loss ansatz of ref . we contrast the pion nuclear modification factor obtained via the radiative pqcd - energy loss and the hybrid ads energy - loss ansatz with a parton - jet nuclear modification factor that can be considered as an idealized lo jet at rhic and lhc energies . the pqcd - based energy loss model studied is parametrized as with the jet - energy dependence , the path - length dependence , and the energy dependence . in the following , the jet - medium coupling will depend either on the collision energy or the energy of the jet and the temperature of the background medium considered . the jet - energy loss fluctuations are distributed via , allowing for an easy interpolation between non - fluctuating ( ) , uniform dirac distributions and distributions increasingly skewed towards small . the jets are spread according to a transverse initial profile specified by the bulk flow fields given by the vish2 + 1 and bamps backgrounds considered . on the other hand , the jet - energy loss of the hybrid ads energy - loss ansatz is based on falling strings where the initial jet energ", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.16373459994792938, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We study the influence of the jet - medium coupling and the medium background on the simultaneous description of the nuclear modification factor ( ) and the high elliptic flow ( ), measured at rhic and lhc for a radiative pqcd energy - loss ansatz. We compare the jets with the hybrid ads energy - Loss ansatz of ref, which is based on falling strings where the initial jet energ.", "reference_summary": "the measured data on the nuclear modification factor for pions and reconstructed jets as well as on the high- elliptic flow at rhic and lhc energies are compared to results from a linear pqcd and a highly non - linear hybrid ads holographic model of jet - energy loss . we find that the high- ellitic flow requires to include realistic medium transverse flow fields and a jet - medium coupling including the effects of the energy of the jet , the temperature of the bulk medium , and non - equilibriu"}
{"id": "paper_297", "title": "The molecular outflow from iras 04166 + 2706 was mapped with the submillimeter array ( sma ) at 350...", "text": "the outflow driven by the low - luminosity ( 0.4 ) class 0 source iras 04166 + 2706 ( hereafter i04166 ) is one of the few outflows with an extremely - high - velocity component . it is also the first such source reported in the nearby taurus molecular cloud at 140 pc by . in their study , distinct velocity regimes were identified with respect to the systemic velocity of 6.7 kms ( relative to the lsr ) derived from nh(1,1 ) : the standard - high - velocity ( shv ) component corresponds to velocity displacements of 2 to 10 kms , the intermediate - high - velocity ( ihv ) component of 10 to 30 kms , and the extremely - high - velocity ( ehv ) component of 30 to 50 kms . the division is clearly demonstrated in their co = 21 spectra , where emission in the ehv regime appears to be a prominent and distinct feature from the slower shv component ( spectra of other molecular lines such as so also show distinct velocity components ; see * ? ? ? these different velocity components in the spectra were also found to have remarkably different spatial distributions . observed a series of well - collimated knots in the ehv regime lying along the outflow axis ( position angle ) , and a pair of limb - brightened conical cavity walls close to the systemic velocity . the measured opening angle of the shell is much wider than that of the collimated ehv gas , and there is no sign of momentum transfer from the jet to the ambient because the ehv knots keep an almost constant mean velocity . the velocity structure suggests that the shell can be understood as a shear flow of accelerated ambient gas moving along the cavity walls . argued that the shv shell component is unlikely accelerated by the ehv jet . an unseen wide - angle wind component may be required to explain the simultaneous presence of both components in the case of i04166 outflow . the authors pointed out that a unified wind model that naturally produces high - velocity well - collimated jet and low - velocity shell - like swep", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.17109468579292297, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new study of the outflow driven by the low - luminosity ( 0.4 ) class 0 source iras 04166 + 2706 ( hereafter i04166 ). The outpour is driven by a high - velocity component that is characterized by limb - brightened conical cavity walls close to the systemic velocity. We find that the shell component is unlikely accelerated by the ehv jet, and that the limbs are well - collimated in the spectra.", "reference_summary": "the molecular outflow from iras 04166 + 2706 was mapped with the submillimeter array ( sma ) at 350 ghz continuum and co = 32 at an angular resolution of . the field of view covers the central arc - minute , which contains the inner four pairs of knots of the molecular jet . on the channel map , conical structures are clearly present in the low velocity range ( vv km s ) , and the highly collimated knots appear in the extremely high velocity range ( ehv , 50vv km s ) . the higher angular resolut"}
{"id": "paper_298", "title": "The cosmological model of the modified chaplygin gas interacting with cold dark matter is studied", "text": "there is increasing evidence that our universe is presently in a state of cosmic accelerating expansion . this result has been confirmed with observations via supernovae ia , cosmic microwave background anisotropies , large scale structure formation , baryon oscillations and weak lensing , etc . these observations strongly suggest that the universe is spatially flat and is dominated by an extra component with negative pressure , dubbed as dark energy . in the recent years , various candidates of dark energy have been proposed . the simplest candidate is the cosmological constant . but this scenario is plagued by the severe fine - tuning problem and the coincidence problem . other possible forms of dark energy include quintessence , k - essence , phantom , born - infeld scalars , quintom , tachyon field , holographic dark energy , and so on . additionally , the conjecture that dark energy and dark matter can be unified by using the so - called chaplygin gas ( cg ) obeying an exotic equation of state ( eos ) has been investigated in several literatures . recently , the cg model was generalized to some possible forms . as an alternative model , the eos of the generalized chaplygin gas ( gcg ) reads where . it is clear that the case corresponds to the cg . within the framework of friedmann - robertson - walker ( frw ) cosmology , this eos leads , after inserted into the relativistic energy conservation equation , to an energy density evolving as where is an integration constant . hence , we see that at early time the energy density behaves as a dust - like matter , while at late time it behaves like a cosmological constant . so the gcg model can also be interpreted as an entangled mixture of dark matter and dark energy . this dual role is at the heart of the surprising properties of the gcg model . however , these so - called unified dark matter models have been ruled out because they produce oscillations or exponential blowup of the matter power spectrum inconsistent w", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.1781003177165985, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We study the unified chaplygin gas ( gcg ) model in the context of friedmann - robertson - Walker ( frw ) cosmology. We find that the gg model is a generalized version of the cg model, which obeys an exotic equation of state ( eos ) and a holographic dark energy density. This eonization leads to a new unified dark matter model.", "reference_summary": "the cosmological model of the modified chaplygin gas interacting with cold dark matter is studied . our attention is focused on the final state of universe in the model . it turns out that there exists a stable scaling solution , which provides the possibility to alleviate the coincidence problem . in addition , we investigate the effect of the coupling constants and on the dynamical evolution of this model from the statefinder viewpoint . it is found that the coupling constants play a significa"}
{"id": "paper_299", "title": "[ sec : abstract ] the late - stage evolution of very massive stars such as carinae may be...", "text": "the last stages of the evolution of the most massive ( mm ) stars may be dominated by episodic large mass - ejections ( e.g. , * ? ? ? * ; * ? ? ? this leads to dust condensing out of the ejecta , obscuring the star in the optical but revealing it in the mid - infrared ( mid - ir ) as the absorbed uv and optical photons are re - emitted at longer wavelengths ( e.g. , * ? ? ? the best known example is carinae ( car ) which contains one of the most massive ( 100 - 150 ) and most luminous ( ) stars in our galaxy ( e.g. , * ? ? ? its great eruption in the mid-1800s led to the ejection of of material now seen as a dusty nebula around the star . while ongoing studies are helping us further analyze the great eruption ( see , e.g. , * ? ? ? * ; * ? ? ? * ) , deciphering the rate of such events and their consequences is challenging because no analog of this extraordinary laboratory for stellar astrophysics ( in terms of stellar mass , luminosity , ejecta mass , time since mass ejection etc . ) has previously been found . a related puzzle is the existence of the typeii superluminous supernovae ( slsn - ii ) that are plausibly explained by the sn ejecta colliding with a massive shell of previously ejected material ( e.g. , sn2006gy ; * ? ? ? a number of sne , such as the typeib sn2006jc and the typeiin sn2009ip ( e.g. , * ? ? ? * ; * ? ? ? * ; * ? ? ? * ) , have also shown transients that could be associated with mass ejections shortly prior to the final explosion . but the relationship between these transients and car or other lbvs surrounded by still older , massive dusty shells ( e.g. , * ? ? ? * ) is unclear . there are presently no clear prescriptions for how to include events like the great eruption into theoretical models . even basic assumptions such as whether the mass loss is triggered by the final post - carbon ignition phase as suggested statistically by or by an opacity phase - transition in the photosphere ( e.g. , * ? ? ? * ) or by interactions with a binary com", "source_type": "academic", "dataset": "arxiv", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.19044864177703857, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "We present a new study of the evolution of the typeii superluminous supernovae ( slsn - ii ) in the last stages of the formation of the most massive ( mm ) stars in our galaxy. We find that the sn2006jc and the typein ssn2009ip are both found to be associated with mass ejections shortly prior to the ejecta collapse. The resulting smsn is characterized by a large, dusty nebula around the star,.", "reference_summary": "[ sec : abstract ] the late - stage evolution of very massive stars such as carinae may be dominated by episodic mass ejections which may later lead to typeii superluminous supernova ( slsn - ii ; e.g. , sn2006gy ) . however , as long as car is one of a kind , it is nearly impossible to quantitatively evaluate these possibilities . here we announce the discovery of five objects in the nearby ( mpc ) massive star - forming galaxies m51 , m83 , m101 and ngc6946 that have optical through mid - ir p"}
{"id": "literary_0", "title": "The Birthday Party", "text": "Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1862, by\r\nwilliam t. adams,\r\nIn the Clerk\u2019s Office of the District Court of the District of Massachusetts.\n\nMother, what ails our Lizzie dear,\r\nSo cold and still she lies?\r\nShe does not speak a word to-day,\r\nAnd closed her soft blue eyes.\r\nWhy won\u2019t she look at me again,\r\nAnd laugh and play once more?\r\nI cannot make her look at me\r\nAs she used to look before.\n\nHer face and neck as marble white,[Pg 93]\r\nAnd, O, so very cold!\r\nWhy don\u2019t you warm her, mother dear,\r\nYour cloak around her fold?\r\nHer little hand is cold as ice,\r\nUpon her waveless breast,\u2014\r\nSo pure, I thought I could see through\r\nThe little hand I pressed.\n\nYour darling sister\u2019s dead, my child;\r\nShe cannot see you now;\r\nThe damps of death are gath\u2019ring there\r\nUpon her marble brow.\r\nShe cannot speak to you again,[Pg 94]\r\nHer lips are sealed in death;\r\nThat little hand will never move,\r\nNor come that fleeting breath.\n\nAll robed in white, and decked with flowers,\r\nWe\u2019ll lay her in the tomb;\r\nThe flower that bloomed so sweetly here,\r\nNo more on earth will bloom;\r\nBut in our hearts we\u2019ll lay her up,\r\nAnd love her all the more,\r\nBecause she died in life\u2019s spring time,\r\nEre earth had won her o\u2019er.\n\nNay, nay, my child, she is not dead,[Pg 95]\r\nAlthough she slumbers there,\r\nAnd cold and still her marble brow,\r\nAnd free from pain and care.\r\nShe slept, and passed from earth to heaven,\r\nAnd won her early crown:\r\nAn angel now she dwells above,\r\nAnd looks in triumph down.\n\nShe is not dead, for Jesus died\r\nThat she might live again.\r\n\u201cForbid them not,\u201d the Saviour said,\r\nAnd blessed dear sister then.\r\nHer little lamp this morn went out[Pg 96]\r\nOn earth\u2019s time-bounded shore;\r\nBut angels bright in heaven this morn\r\nRelighted it once more.\n\nSome time we, too, shall fall asleep,\r\nTo wake in heaven above,\r\nAnd meet our angel Lizzie there\r\nIn realms of endless love.\r\nWe\u2019ll bear sweet sister in our hearts,\r\nAnd then there\u2019ll ever be\r\nAn angel there to keep our souls\r\nFrom sin a", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.8774964213371277, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.5345528721809387, "generated_summary": "The first book in the series of books by author and illustrator John Sullivan, this is the first book to be published by the publisher. It was published in 1862, and is the second book to have been published by Sullivan.", "reference_summary": "Poppy's family is gathering to celebrate her eightieth birthday. Her children, grandchildren and even one great-grandchild are converging on her Sussex home. As she prepares to welcome them all, her mind goes back over her life - to her tough childhood in Yorkshire, to her mother, who scrimped and saved to bring her up decently, to her three husbands and to Alun, the great love of her life who was taken from her by the war. Yes, she has had a full life - a lot fuller than her family realises. As they toast their beloved matriarch, little do they know what an extraordinary and often shocking li"}
{"id": "literary_1", "title": "Daughters of Men: Portraits of African-American Women and Their Fathers", "text": "answered. \u201cNice looking, isn\u2019t he? A very pretty young lady, eh?\u201d\r\n\u201cDon\u2019t be so malicious. Men are always jealous of a handsome boy. You\n\nknow how powerfully he appeals to our sympathetic sex. But who is he?\u201d\r\n\u201cRudolph Ehrenstein\u2014a nephew of Madame von Hohenfels. He has just lost\n\nyoung ladies will doubtless take compassion on him.\u201d\r\n\u201cYes, with that pretty face and doleful forsaken[Pg 9] air he will not have\n\nto go far for a willing consoler.\u201d\r\n\u201cIt would be the very best thing for him,\u201d said the popular poet,\n\nof delighted horror. \u201cHe has the face of an angel.\u201d\r\n\u201cAngels have been known to fall, Madame,\u201d said the poet, with his best\n\nof yourselves or of us.\u201d\r\n\u201cIs there not a proverb to that effect as regards the ladies?\u201d\r\n\u201cCalumny, my friend, pure calumny. Men have had the monopoly of\n\nin the bottom of the proverbial well!\u201d\r\n\u201cI shall seek it henceforth in you, Madame. Can[Pg 10] you tell me if there\n\nMademoiselle Natzelhuber has an alarming reputation.\u201d\r\n\u201cOh, yes, abominably eccentric\u2014and ugly,\u201d sighed the poet.\r\nRudolph Ehrenstein, modestly unconscious that the reliable voice of\n\nhere! All their different languages have made my head ache.\u201d\r\nHis companion was a rich Greek merchant from Trieste, who was arrayed\n\nbaroness cried testily. \u201cDid you see her to-day, Rudolph?\u201d\r\nYoung Ehrenstein flushed and shrank a little with a hint of anxious\n\nlady\u2019s house, and carry her back with me, if even I must employ force.\u201d\r\n\u201cDo so, and you will earn my lasting gratitude. We are all dying to\n\narm to his aunt, shrinking still and wounded.\r\n\u201cIt is a great disappointment that M. Reineke is not here to-night.\n\nappearance at the Jaroviskys\u2019 ball next week.\u201d\r\n\u201cIs there to be a ball next week?\u201d Rudolph asked listlessly.\r\n\u201cOf course; are we not all vying to honour an English Cabinet minister?\n\nHe will probably write about us when he gets home.\u201d\r\n\u201cWho are those girls laughing so loudly?\u201d Rudolph asked, with no\n\nsure, be glad to teach you tennis and cricket.\u201d\r\n\u201cHe is quite a boy,\u201d cried Rudol", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.3519304394721985, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The epoch of the sexy and savagery of the young woman is a time of great sorrow.", "reference_summary": "From actress Sanaa Lathan to Georgia State Supreme Court chief justice Leah Ward Sears, many African-American women attribute much of their success to having a positive father figure\nIn Daughters of Men, author Rachel Vassel has compiled dozens of stunning photographs and compelling personal essays about African-American women and their fathers. Whether it's a father who mentors his daughter's artistic eye by taking her to cultural events or one who unwaveringly supports a risky career move, the fathers in this book each had his own unique and successful style of parenting. The first book to s"}
{"id": "literary_2", "title": "Laughable Lyrics", "text": "The Pobble Who Has No Toes\r\nThe New Vestments\r\nMr. And Mrs. Discobbolos\r\nThe Quangle Wangle's Hat\r\nThe Cummerbund\r\nThe Akond Of Swat\n\nLAUGHABLE LYRICS.\r\nThe Dong with a Luminous Nose The Two Old Bachelors The Pelican Chorus The Yonghy-Bonghy-B\u00f2 The Pobble who has no Toes The New Vestments Mr. And Mrs. Discobbolos The Quangle Wangle's Hat The Cummerbund The Akond of Swat\n\nCry, as the wild light passes along,\u2014\r\n\"The Dong! the Dong!\r\nThe wandering Dong through the forest goes!\r\nThe Dong! the Dong!\r\nThe Dong with a luminous Nose!\"\n\nWith the Chorus they daily and nightly sang,\u2014\r\n\"Far and few, far and few,\r\nAre the lands where the Jumblies live;\r\nTheir heads are green, and their hands are blue,\r\nAnd they went to sea in a sieve.\"\n\nHappily, happily passed those days!\r\nWhile the cheerful Jumblies staid;\r\nThey danced in circlets all night long,\r\nTo the plaintive pipe of the lively Dong,\r\nIn moonlight, shine, or shade.\n\nAs he sate all day on the grassy hill,\u2014\r\n\"Far and few, far and few,\r\nAre the lands where the Jumblies live;\r\nTheir heads are green, and their hands are blue,\r\nAnd they went to sea in a sieve.\"\n\nPlaying a pipe with silvery squeaks,\r\nSince then his Jumbly Girl he seeks;\r\nAnd because by night he could not see,\r\nHe gathered the bark of the Twangum Tree\r\nOn the flowery plain that grows.\r\nAnd he wove him a wondrous Nose,\u2014\r\nA Nose as strange as a Nose could be!\n\nAnd tied with cords to the back of his head.\r\n\u2014In a hollow rounded space it ended\r\nWith a luminous Lamp within suspended,\r\nAll fenced about\r\nWith a bandage stout\r\nTo prevent the wind from blowing it out;\r\nAnd with holes all round to send the light\r\nIn gleaming rays on the dismal night\n\n\"This is the hour when forth he goes,\r\nThe Dong with a luminous Nose!\r\nYonder, over the plain he goes,\u2014\r\nHe goes!\r\nHe goes,\u2014\r\nThe Dong with a luminous Nose!\"\n\nWith lovely leathery throats and chins!\r\nPloffskin, Pluffskin, Pelican jee!\r\nWe think no Birds so happy as we!\r\nPlumpskin, Ploshkin, Pelican Jill!\r\nWe think so then, and w", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.9410160183906555, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.5513144731521606, "generated_summary": "The epoch of the first century BC, when the world was awash in a series of events, the epochal events of the 21st century were replete with a host of new events. These events were a time of great change, and the emergence of the modern age.", "reference_summary": "Hilarious, fantastic poems that I enjoyed reading to my two sons when they were little. Now I'd like to read them for anyone's children to enjoy listening to.\n(Summary by Roeg11)"}
{"id": "literary_3", "title": "Deal With The Devil", "text": "but which was sufficiently clear.\r\n\"What does it mean, grandpapa?\" I asked faintly.\r\n\"Mean?\" he screamed, \"it means that in\n\nwill never, never, leave you.\"\r\nHe brushed away his tears and stood erect.\r\n\"You may do what you please.  And now\n\nand can't hide it, and Rogers hasn't any objection.\"\r\n\"Of course not; he knows what you're worth.\"\r\n\"I've been wondering if I could run away\n\ncrusade.  Is not that the word, Mr. Dolphin?\"\r\n\"As good as any other,\" said my grandpapa.\r\n\"Better than any other.  You have doubtless\n\nsir?\" I ventured to ask.\r\n\"Good old Martha!  Go up one,\" said grandpapa.\r\nThen Mr. Montague turned to me and\n\nin a very awkward position.\"\r\n\"Tell me everything, grandpapa.  I can bear it.\"\r\n\"Well, I met her in Paris.\"\r\n\"Grandpapa!  Another?\"\r\n\"Listen.  I met the woman in Paris.  She\n\nthousand a year and a park.\"\r\n\"You will kill me, grandpapa!\"\r\n\"And I also told her I was a Viscount,\n\nexpected too much, and was too hopeful.\r\nHe said on one occasion:\r\n\"If heaven don't take pity on me now, and\n\nEverybody would believe it, wouldn't they?\"\r\n\"I could substantiate the facts, grandpapa.\"\r\n\"Which would merely place you in a lunatic\n\nTalbots are to come, I leave the house.\"\r\n\"As you please--a good riddance.\"\r\nMy resolution was quickly formed.  I left\n\ncarriage.\r\n\"Oh, dear, dear Mrs. Dolphin, has he told you?\"\r\nThen, of course, I knew they were engaged.\r\n\"How far has it gone?\" I asked wearily.\r\nNo doubt the same old, sickening flight was\n\ndead nearly a hundred years.\"\r\nThe girl's blue eyes grew quite round.\r\n\"Mrs. Dolphin!\" she gasped.\r\n\"No; Miss Dolphin.  He is my grandfather\n\nsend for a medical man,\" said my grandfather.\r\nThen Tomkins spoke.  He was a small, weak person.\r\n\"You can't bounce it like that, you know,\"\n\nare engaged?\"\r\n\"I will not deceive you, Martha; we are.\"\r\n\"How far has it gone?\"\r\n\"To the 'second time of asking.'  I mean\n\nlie.  Do you know Mr. Dolphin?\"\r\n\"Know him!  He's my grandfather.\"\r\nThe Vicar looked round to see if the coast\n\ntell him just then w", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.304584801197052, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The story of a young woman who is a scheming, sexy, and affluent man.", "reference_summary": "She was given no choice! Elena's father rushed her to the San Felipe airport to put her on a plane to Miami. Their homeland in Central Americ ahad just erupted in revolution, and no one was safe. But Elena held a San Felipan passport, and officials were not letting any residents leave. Then she spotted American Blake Rogan, a ruthless adventurer she had every reason to despise, and her stomach twisted. Suddenly she knew what was about to happen. \"Querida,\" her father said to her, \"when you leave San Felipe, it will be as Mrs. Blake Rogan..."}
{"id": "literary_4", "title": "A History of the Philippines", "text": "an evil to his land and not a blessing.\r\nThe aim of this book is to help him to understand, first of all, the\n\nthese events appeared to men of the time.\r\nBut not all that a man writes, or even puts in a book, of things he\n\nineditos, and, in another series, Navarrete\u2019s Coleccion de los viajes y descubrimientos.\r\nSpanish Occupation and Conquest.\u2014As we come to the\n\nFilipinas de la Compania de Jesus, Manila, 1749. [18]\r\nThere is another notable Jesuit work to which we owe much of the\n\nearly history of the great island of Mindanao: this is the Historia de Mindanao y Jolo, by Father Francisco Combes. The\n\nprinted in Manila at the College of Santo Tomas in 1640.\r\nWe may also mention as containing a most interesting account of the\n\nbeginning of the eighteenth century.\r\nOf modern historical writings mention must be made of the Historia de Filipinas, three volumes, 1887, by Montero y\n\ncountry\u2019s honor will be protected now and in the future.\r\nVery interesting and important historical work can be done by the\n\nbody, and of mode of living which different people exhibit.\r\nAll such knowledge is of great assistance to the statesman as he\n\nfreshly dug holes from each of which they have taken out a root.\r\nThe Negritos ornament their bodies by making little rows of cuts on\n\nknow about these pygmies is full of interest.\r\nRaces and Tribes of the Philippines\r\nRaces and Tribes of the Philippines\n\nAges we mean the centuries between 500 and 1300 A.D. This period begins with the fall of the Roman Empire\n\nworld in general, and a passion for discovery of every kind.\r\nThese eight hundred years had been centuries of cruel struggle,\n\nwere produced on the shores of the Mediterranean.\r\nOnly the rich tropical countries of the East were capable of growing\n\nalong the coast of Arabia to India.\r\nAll of these had been in use for centuries, but by the year 1400 two\n\nsouthern part of India, were states ruled over by Indian princes.\r\nChina.\u2014We have seen how, at the time of Marco Polo,\n\nand, until recent year", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.41158387064933777, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The book is a collection of essays by the author, including his own.", "reference_summary": "A History of the Philippines, herein offered by Dr. Samuel K. Tan...offers a conceptual framework of what he calls \"the story of man in the Philippines\" in the context of \"specific ecological system\" and \"distinctive historical experience\" that have shaped his \"particular character and identity.\" Dr. Tan provides in this slim slim volume a picture of Philippine culture which...\"ought to be understood from the totality of the ethnoliguistic varieties which constitute the fabric of Filipino society.\" Hence he divides Filipino cultural communities into three main groups--the Moros, the Indios, th"}
{"id": "literary_5", "title": "Easy Does It: A Romantic Comedy", "text": "satisfaction. \"We've done it.\"\r\n\"Done what? Oh, you mean the new coloration process?\"\r\n\"Yes. It will quintuple the net value of the family fortune within a\n\nyear. We may be the richest people in the world then.\"\r\n\"That's nice,\" Hal said mildly.\r\nHis father flicked a finger across a sensitive spot on the front of the\n\nexistence to fit his gross, soft body.\r\n\"Yes indeed,\" he said with a mild sigh. \"It's been a long, long time\n\nthat we've been working for that. Worked mighty hard, too.\"\r\n\"That's right,\" murmured Hal, a little more forcefully than necessary.\n\nlately is Bruchner. What is he, anyway? Nothing but a savage.\"\r\n\"Eh?\" said his father softly, raising his eyebrows again in polite\n\nemployee who tells me I'm wrong all the time.\"\r\n\"But he is almost always right when he makes such statements, Hal,\"\n\nthe trouble? I've never seen you so completely upset in all my life.\"\r\n\"I feel funny,\" murmured Hal. \"As a matter of fact, I feel awful. Maybe\n\nI came in here. Something in the set of your mouth. Tight, sort of.\"\r\nWith an expression of mild surprise, Hal reached up and tentatively\n\nfelt around his mouth with a cleanly manicured forefinger.\r\n\"Son,\" Webber murmured, \"how long has it been since you had your last\n\nyears is the standard period at your age. Why haven't you taken it?\"\r\n\"Well, you know,\" Hal whispered. \"It's that new thing they have in it\n\ncurtail a little, but we don't have to concern ourselves with them.\"\r\n\"Yes,\" agreed Hal.\r\n\"Bruchner has been very useful to us on it,\" the old man repeated\n\nknow. We'll give him fame. We'll name the process after him.\"\r\n\"Well,\" Hal said doubtfully, \"I guess that would do it.\"\r\n\"I think so. He's been a great help. As a matter of fact, though, most\n\nalmost like a civilized man\u2014even without the treatments.\"\r\n\"I know,\" Hal said tonelessly. \"It was his son, wasn't it?\"\r\n\"Yes. Curious that the old man should be so concerned over that\n\nOutlander to appreciate the advantages, can you?\"\r\n\"No.\" Hal did not refer to the fact that the new", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.20981942117214203, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The story of Bruchner is told in the context of the savage family's fortune.", "reference_summary": "Julie Mills is heartbroken when her rock star wannabe boyfriend Ronny dumps her. With encouragement from her best friend Eve, Julie decides to post an Internet ad to attract a date. After a few too many sips of wine, Julie posts an ad entitled: \"Easy Lady Requests Guy with Two Socks.\" Easy Lady meets Dan the Man at an Italian restaurant. It is far from the night Julie expects, and not just because it involves an eye patch and an argyle sock. When Ronny comes back from the road a 'changed man', Julie must decide if she wants the man she says she loves, or the man she just might."}
{"id": "literary_6", "title": "King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table", "text": "the great King Arthur at Camelot.\r\nThe story of Merlin, that man of magic, is the least important of the\n\nvarying forms all through the Middle Ages.\r\nSo we have seen that a British chieftain, winning a great battle in the\n\nlittle in common with the figures in the old romances.\r\nThe succeeding centuries, great as they were in English writers of\n\nof these three that provides the great moving motive of the poems.\r\nTo Tennyson we owe the most nearly perfect version of the story that\n\nworld of Arthurian legend in its most perfect form.\r\nMalory's Morte Darthur was not Tennyson's only source for the stories\n\nGeoffrey of Monmouth and the other early writers of chronicles.\r\nThe great panorama of stories that we group together under the title of\n\nhundred days from now, or I will surely spare no life amongst you all.\"\r\nThen all the host of craftsmen, fearing for their lives, found out a\n\nto interfere and help them or to deliver them from their dreadful work.\r\nFilled with mixed rage and fear, the king called for the astrologers and\n\nof no mortal man! go, find thy father, and leave us in peace.\"\r\nAt that the messengers looked steadfastly on the lad, and asked who he\n\nwhat cause he was thus dragged there?\r\n\"My magicians,\" answered Vortigern, \"told me to seek out a man that had\n\ncome and sit down before Merlin, who cried to them\u2014\r\n\"Because ye know not what it is that hinders the foundation of the\n\nground till they shall come to a great pool of water.\"\r\nThis then was done, and the pool discovered far beneath the surface of\n\ndiscover the two dragons, fast asleep, as Merlin had declared.\r\nBut Vortigern sat upon the brink of the pool till night to see what else\n\ndragon disappeared no man knew where.\r\nWhen their battle was done, the king desired Merlin to tell him what it\n\nand night, and rested not till he had fled thereto.\r\nIn the meantime, Aurelius, the rightful king, was hailed with joy by the\n\nconflagration, they burned down the tower, and Vortigern within it.\r\nThen did Aurelius tu", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.29815641045570374, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The story of Merlin, that man of magic, is the least important of the varying forms all through the Middle Ages. So we have seen that a British chieftain, winning a great battle in the little in common with the figures in the old romances.", "reference_summary": "An exciting, magical plot, along with its unforgettable characters -- the heroic King Arthur, the wizard Merlin, the brave Sir Lancelot, the beautiful Guinevere and the evil Morgana le Fey -- will enchant younger listeners, in this audio version written specially for Naxos AudioBooks."}
{"id": "literary_7", "title": "Evelina's Garden", "text": "village like a broad brow of superiority.\r\nHe had owned the only coach and four. His wife during her short\n\nSquire's bride had been dead nearly seventy years.\r\nThe blue bride attire was said to be still in existence, packed\n\nstiffly into the folds of her black shawl by way of salutation.\r\nWhen Evelina was fifteen years old this single woman died, and the\n\nwho met him fairly half way, and married her within a year.\r\nOn the Sunday when he and his bride first appeared in the\n\nlittle, and her face showed as clear and beautiful as an angel's.\r\nThe young bridegroom glanced at her once across the meeting-house,\n\nstruggle, as it were, with the green luxuriance of the hedge.\r\n\u201cJohn Darby had ought to trim that hedge,\u201d they said.\n\nnew bloom of her flowers, but people could not see it.\r\nSome thirty years after the Squire's death the man John Darby\n\nthe roots of flowers, and the planting of seeds.\r\nEvery autumn he seemed about to totter to his fall among the\n\nsecond to be reflected in his bleared old eyes.\r\nThere had never been in the village such a garden as this of\n\nrose, her heart leaped as at the face of a lover.\r\nShe had lost the one way of human affection, but her feet had\n\nto be there alone in that great house,\u201d they said.\r\nBut early in April a young girl appeared one Sunday in the old\n\na sweet fire that matched the memory in his father's heart.\r\nBut the old man put the fancy away from him in a minute; it was\n\nalways called him the very image of his father.\r\nThe father tried to fix his mind upon his son's sermon, but\n\nwhen she drooped her head, as Evelina's used to do.\r\nThe people divided their attention between her and the new\n\nsorry,\u201d she said, and there was a catch in her voice.\r\nThomas bent over her impetuously. All his ministerial state fell\n\nfeet, his nostrils choked with a spiritual dust of humiliation.\r\nHe went forward blindly. The dusk had deepened; from either side\n\near.\r\n\u201cThat you, father? Down to the post-office.\u201d\r\n\u201cWho was that you was talkin' with back ther", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.42590880393981934, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The story of a young girl who was born in the village and whose father was a priest.", "reference_summary": "Excerpt: ...would be sorer than ever with the belief that his was happy and at rest, although she would chide herself for it. And yet this young Evelina was a philosopher and an analyst of human nature in a small way, and she got some slight comfort out of a shrewd suspicion that the heart of a man might love and suffer on a somewhat different principle from the heart of a woman."}
{"id": "literary_8", "title": "Emmeline The Orphan of the Castle", "text": "O'erwhelm'd with sorrow\u2014and sustaining long\r\n'The proud man's contumely, the oppressor's wrong,'\r\nLanguid despondency, and vain regret,\r\nMust my exhausted spirit struggle yet?\r\nYes! robb'd myself of all that Fortune gave,\r\nOf every hope\u2014but shelter in the grave;\r\nStill shall the plaintive lyre essay it's powers,\r\nAnd dress the cave of Care, with Fancy's flowers;\r\nMaternal love, the fiend Despair withstand,\r\nStill animate the heart and guide the hand.\r\nMay you, dear objects of my tender care!\r\nEscape the evils, I was born to bear:\r\nRound my devoted head, while tempests roll,\r\nYet there\u2014'where I have treasured up my soul,'\r\nMay the soft rays of dawning hope impart\r\nReviving patience to my fainting heart;\r\nAnd, when it's sharp anxieties shall cease,\r\nMay I be conscious, in the realms of peace,\r\nThat every tear which swells my children's eyes,\r\nFrom evils past, not present sorrows, rise.\r\nThen, with some friend who loves to share your pain,\r\n(For 'tis my boast, that still such friends remain,)\r\nBy filial grief, and fond remembrance prest,\r\nYou'll seek the spot where all my miseries rest,\r\nRecall my hapless days in sad review,\r\nThe long calamities I bore for you,\r\nAnd, with an happier fate, resolve to prove\r\nHow well ye merited your mother's love!\n\nMontreville, the present possessor, became entitled to the estate.\r\nThis nobleman, while yet a younger son, was (by the partiality\n\ninherited by the death of his brother, Mr. Mowbray.\r\nHe had been originally designed for the law; but in consequence\n\nthe future she was not yet old enough to reflect.\r\n[Pg 3]\r\nMrs. Carey was to her in place of the mother she had never\n\ncould hardly hope to be received by any of them.\r\n[Pg 7]\r\nShe had therefore no choice left but to remain at the castle till she\n\nof your Lordship's pleasure as to my future residence.\r\n'You will, my Lord, I doubt not, recollect that it is, at my time\n\nof a small chest of drawers, which stood in her room.\r\nThe rest of her property, which consisted of her cloaths and", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.7370848059654236, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.5198130011558533, "generated_summary": "The first book in the series of novels by the author, 'The Lady and the Beast', is a collection of short stories written by the writer. It is based on the novel of the same name by the same author.", "reference_summary": "This book was converted from its physical edition to the digital format by a community of volunteers. You may find it for free on the web. Purchase of the Kindle edition includes wireless delivery."}
{"id": "literary_9", "title": "The Lilac Fairy Book", "text": "happen to sit next them at dinner parties?\r\nI do not know whether ladies thus indicate their interest in the\n\nmore about portraits of Queen Mary than he did.\r\nIn truth I never did write any fairy books in my life, except 'Prince\n\npeace to his ashes! died in harness.\r\nThe object of these confessions is not only that of advertising my own\n\nItalian, Spanish, Catalan, and other languages.\r\nMy part has been that of Adam, according to Mark Twain, in the Garden of\n\ntoo much for the village maiden espoused by that peer.\r\nNobody really wrote most of the stories. People told them in all parts\n\nwakes up and finds that he has been dreaming.\r\nSuch are the new fairy stories. May we be preserved from all the sort of\n\n'The Sea King's Gift,' by Miss Christie, from the same author.\r\nIt has been suggested to the Editor that children and parents and\n\nto any trade, and that he meant to be a thief.\r\nNow his mother was very sorrowful when she heard of this, but she knew\n\nthat he did not like sermons, adding:\r\n'However, I will promise you this, that the first trade you hear named\n\nlighter than before as she bade him farewell.\r\nWhen the Shifty Lad thought that the hour had nearly come for the sermon\n\nstretched out comfortably before the fire.\r\n'Well, have you got any news to tell me?' asked he.\r\n'No, nothing; for I left the church at once, and did not stop to speak\n\nvoice cried out \"Robbery! Robbery! Robbery!\" but that was all.'\r\n'And quite enough too,' answered the boy. 'What did I tell you? That is\n\nthat, though all had been robbed by him, no one could catch him.\r\n'Good-morning to you,' said the woman as she reached the place where the\n\nhas a fancy to learn your trade. Will you be kind enough to teach him?'\r\n[Pg 3]'If he is clever, I don't mind trying,' answered the Black Gallows Bird;\n\ndark, I will send him to you.'\r\nThe Shifty Lad jumped for joy when his mother told him where she had\n\nnot find their nuts they sat round the fire and began to tell stories.\r\n'I will crack a nut,' said the ", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.3155475854873657, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The first book in the series of fairy tales by the author of the first novel, \"The Sea King's Gift\" is a story of a young woman who is robbed and robeyed by her mother. She is unable to find her nuts, but she is able to learn how to use them.", "reference_summary": "\"Admirable series of photographic reprints of the first editions. . . . Altogether very good value.\" --New York Review of Books. Over 30 tales from Portugal, Ireland, Wales, and points East and West, among them \"The Brown Bear of Norway,\" \"The Enchanted Deer,\" \"The Story of a Very Bad Boy,\" and \"The Brownie of the Lake.\" 51 illustrations."}
{"id": "literary_10", "title": "Bohemians of the Latin Quarter", "text": "debauchee, before this muse drowned in her own tears.\r\nBesides, amongst all those whose but little known work has only been\n\nthe audacity of his love for a daughter of the house of Este.\r\nThe religious contests and political storms that marked the arrival of\n\nday, \"Honor is an old saint past praying to.\"\r\nThe roll call of Bohemia during the seventeenth century contains a\n\nthrone, or a chair of the Academy, founded by one of its children.\r\nIt was in the transition period between the sixteenth and eighteenth\n\nvirtue of the young, and hope, which is the wealth of the poor.\r\nFor the uneasy reader, for the timorous citizen, for all those for whom\n\nAcademy, the H\u00f4tel Dieu, or the Morgue.\"\r\nWe will add that Bohemia only exists and is only possible in Paris.\r\nWe will begin with unknown Bohemians, the largest class. It is made up\n\ncome of their own accord and place themselves under them.\r\nIt is, as one sees, the ridiculousness of stoicism. Well, then we again\n\nturn their backs on you and call you a tradesman.\r\nFor the rest, they are logical in their mad heroism, they utter neither\n\nsooner if it had not remained invisible.\r\nIn artistic struggles it is almost the same as in war, the whole of the\n\ntask, they depart from this life, enwrapped in a shroud of indifference.\r\nThere exists in ignored Bohemia another fraction; it is composed of\n\n\"Farewell mankind, ye stony-hearted host,\r\nFlint-bosomed earth and sun with frozen ray,\r\nFrom out amidst you, solitary ghost\r\nI glide unseen away.\"\n\na harsh stepmother, and art an executioner.\r\nAll truly powerful minds have their word to say, and, indeed, utter it\n\nmanners.\r\nAxiom, \"Unknown Bohemianism is not a path, it is a blind alley.\"\r\nIndeed, this life is something that does not lead to anything. It is a\n\nto another jurisdiction than that of literary physiology.\r\nWe will also cite a singular variety of Bohemians who might be called\n\ncommon grave in a pauper's hearse. He had ten thousand francs a year.\r\nIt is needless to say that these Bohe", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.4923946261405945, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The first book in the series of novels by the author, a collection of essays on the life and work of the Bohemians.", "reference_summary": "Louis-Henri Murger, also known as Henri Murger and Henry Murger (27 March 1822 - 28 January 1861) was a French novelist and poet. He is chiefly distinguished as the author of Scenes de la vie de boheme, from his own experiences as a desperately poor writer living in a Parisian attic, and member of a loose club of friends who called themselves \"the water drinkers\" (because they were too poor to afford wine). In his writing he combines instinct with pathos and humour, sadness his predominant tone. The book is the basis for the operas La boheme (Puccini) and La boheme (Leoncavallo), and, at great"}
{"id": "literary_11", "title": "Cuba", "text": "CHAPTER I.\r\nDISCOVERY AND EARLY HISTORY.\r\n\"The goodliest land that eye ever saw, the sweetest thing in the world.\"\r\nSuch was Columbus' opinion of Cuba, just after he first beheld it, and,\n\nnew possessions to the very last peseta that could be wrung from them.\r\nThe island was first called Juana, in honor of Prince John, son of\n\nconstantly kept this in mind, both theoretically and practically.\r\nAt first, however, the answers received in Cuba in reply to the\n\nthe New World was made in Hayti.\r\nThe aborigines seem to have made no resistance to the coming among them\n\ndwelling in a state of happy tranquillity among themselves.\r\nTheir character is best demonstrated by an extract from a letter written\n\nby Columbus to their Catholic majesties, Ferdinand and Isabella:\r\n\"The king having been informed of our misfortune expressed great grief\n\nwere of their own flesh and blood.\r\nAs has been said, the first settlement of the Spaniards was made on the\n\ncontained. Thus, does unbridled greed ever overleap itself.\r\nAfter its discovery, Cuba was twice visited by Columbus, in April, 1494,\n\nwhich is as cruel and bloodthirsty to-day as it was then.\r\nThere was one native chief, a refugee from Hayti, named Hatuey, who had\n\nthere.\r\n\"A great many of then,\" answered the monk.\r\n\"Then,\" cried Hatuey, \"I will not go to a place where I may meet one of\n\nbeen relaxed, closed firmly upon the beautiful island.\r\nThree hundred of the natives were given as slaves to each Spaniard, but,\n\nremained in the bonds of serfdom for centuries.\r\nThe first permanent settlement was made at Santiago de Cuba, on the\n\ncapital, the first named place being rechristened Batabana.\r\nThe natives were treated with the utmost cruelty, so cruelly, in fact,\n\nimposing the penalty of death upon all who left it.\r\nSpain also imposed the heaviest trade restrictions upon Cuba. It was\n\nthe atrocities committed upon navigators, especially those of England.\r\nWhen Cromwell, who caused many liberal ideas to be introduced into\n\nthe free navig", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.45973867177963257, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The first book in the series of books by Christopher Columbus, this is a collection of his most recent works.", "reference_summary": "Maggie's idea of starting over after breaking up with her boyfriend isn't working out as planned. Instead of the fabulous career, shopping with friends, and dinner parties she'd imagined, all she has is a lonely flat, and although it pays well, her job at Vixenz isn't worth writing home about.\nLife picks up for Maggie when she accidentally discovers that she can overhear everything in her neighbors' flat. When her new neighbor David announces to his wife Libby that they and their infant son Charlie are off to Cuba on sabbatical, the travel bug is very contagious, and it doesn't take Maggie lon"}
{"id": "literary_12", "title": "Chelsea: The Story of a Signal Dog", "text": "PAGE\r\nPrefatory Notevii\r\nPART I\r\nChelsea South of the King's Road1\r\nPART II\r\nChelsea North of the King's Road55\r\nPART III\r\nThe Royal Hospital and Ranelagh Gardens67\r\nIndex97\r\nMap at end of Volume.\n\nvarious messes, to be followed by steaming plum-puddings.\r\nThe men do not dine in hall, as they used to do,\n\n\u201cTo Ranelagh once in my life\r\nBy good-natur\u2019d force I was driven;\r\nThe nations had ceased their long strife,\r\nAnd Peace beamed her radiance from heaven.\r\nWhat wonders were there to be found\r\nThat a clown might enjoy or disdain?\r\nFirst we traced the gay ring all around\u2014\r\nAy, and then we went round it again.\n\n\u201cThe music was truly enchanting!\r\nRight glad was I when I came near it;\r\nBut in fashion I found I was wanting,\r\n\u2019Twas the fashion to walk and not hear it!\r\nA fine youth, as beauty beset him,\r\nLook\u2019d smilingly round on the train;\r\n\u2018The King\u2019s nephew!\u2019 they cried, as they met him,\r\nThen we went round and met him again.\n\n\u201cHuge paintings of heroes and Peace\r\nSeem\u2019d to smile at the sound of the fiddle,\r\nProud to fill up each tall shining space\r\nRound the lantern that stood in the middle.\r\nAnd George\u2019s head, too\u2014Heaven screen him!\r\nMay he finish in peace his long reign;\r\nAnd what did we when we had seen him?\r\nWhy, went round and saw him again.\n\n\u201c\u2019Tis not wisdom to love without reason,\r\nOr to censure without knowing why;\r\nI had witness\u2019d no crime, nor no treason;\r\n\u2018Oh, life, \u2019tis thy picture,\u2019 said I.\r\n\u2019Tis just thus we saunter along;\r\nMonths and years bring their pleasure or pain.\r\nWe sigh midst the right and the wrong;\r\nAnd then we go round them again!\u201d", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.9573262929916382, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.5606293082237244, "generated_summary": "The earliest work of the author, \"The Story of the Woman Who Loved Me,\" is a collection of stories from the period of the American Civil War. It was published in 1865, and is the first book in the series to be published in English.", "reference_summary": "Paul Ogden, a deaf college professor, and his wife Anne, who is hard of hearing, discovered their \"ears\" in Chelsea, a beautiful, gentle Belgian sheepdog. Instead of herding sheep, like her ancestors, Chelsea works as a signal dog, helping the Ogdens live as normally as possible. She \"tells\" them if someone is at the door or on the phone, and wakes them when the alarm has gone off. She even reacts to the sound of strange voices and unusual noises. \"A warm and witty book . . . Chelsea's tale is a delightful read. . . . That feeling of love and devotion -- the Ogdens for Chelsea and she for them"}
{"id": "literary_13", "title": "Group Psychology and the Analysis of the Ego", "text": "alteration has been carried out at the author's express desire.\r\nAll technical terms have been translated in accordance with the Glossary\n\nthose possessed by each of the cells singly.' (p. 29.)[4]\r\nWe shall take the liberty of interrupting Le Bon's exposition with\n\nthe causes of this difference.\r\n'To obtain at any rate a glimpse of them it is necessary in the first\n\nresult of hidden motives which escape our observation.' (p. 30.)\r\nLe Bon thinks that the particular acquirements of individuals become\n\nare similar in everyone, stand exposed to view.\r\nIn this way individuals in a group would come to show an average\n\nthe reason for this in three different factors.\r\n'The first is that the individual forming part of a group acquires,\n\nalways controls individuals disappears entirely.' (p. 33.)\r\nFrom our point of view we need not attribute so much importance to the\n\ncapable, except when he makes part of a group.' (p. 33.)\r\nWe shall later on base an important conjecture upon this last statement.\r\n'A third cause, and by far the most important, determines in the\n\nthoughts are bent in the direction determined by the hypnotiser.\r\n'Such also is approximately the state of the individual forming part of\n\nbecome an automaton who has ceased to be guided by his will.' (p. 35.)\r\nI have quoted this passage so fully in order to make it quite clear that\n\nexperiences when he becomes merged in a group.[8]\r\nLet us now leave the individual, and turn to the group mind, as it has\n\nexaggerated. So that a group knows neither doubt nor uncertainty.[12]\r\nIt goes directly to extremes; if a suspicion is expressed, it is\n\nantipathy is turned into furious hatred (p. 56).[13]\r\nInclined as it itself is to all extremes, a group can only be excited by\n\nabove his as it may sink deep below it.\r\nSome other features in Le Bon's description show in a clear light how\n\ntendency not to distinguish between the two (p. 77).\r\nWe have pointed out that this predominance of the life of phantasy and\n\ninstinctively to anyo", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Philosophy", "topic_confidence": 0.22380509972572327, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The hypnotiser is a group of individuals who are forming part of a gestalt. They are the ones who are in a particular state of being and are merged into a single body. This is the reason why they become an automaton who has ceased to be guided by his will.", "reference_summary": "International Psychoanalytical Library #6\nTo Freud, individual & social psychology were virtually identical. The question he addresses here is, What are the emotional bonds that hold collective entities, such as an army & a church, together? It is a fruitful question. Freud offers some interesting answers. But Group Psychology & the Analysis of the Egostands chiefly as an invitation to further psychoanalytic exploration."}
{"id": "literary_14", "title": "Dream World (Dream Waters #2)", "text": "the girl doesn't have to keep running over with refills.\r\nBascomb Swicegood liked to have bacon and waffles after the egg\n\nbreakfast when he jumped up.\r\n\"What did she say?\"\r\nHe was surprised at the violence of his own voice.\r\n\"What did who say, Mr. Swicegood?\"\r\n\"The girl that was just here, that just left with the other girl.\"\r\n\"That was Teresa, and the other girl was Agnes. Or else that was Agnes\n\ndon't know what either of them said.\"\r\nBascomb ran out into the street.\r\n\"Girl, the girl who said it rained dirty green all the time, what's\n\nlike you never saw me before.\"\r\n\"I'm Agnes,\" said Agnes.\r\n\"What did you mean it rained dirty green all the time? Tell me all\n\nIt isn't any of your business.\"\r\n\"Well, I have to hear all of it. Tell me everything you dreamed.\"\r\n\"I will not. It was a dirty dream. It isn't any of your business. If\n\nMcCarty, this man is annoying me.\"\r\n\"The devil he is, Miss Ananias. Old Bascomb just doesn't have it in him\n\nany more. There's no more harm in him than a lamp post.\"\r\n\"Did the lamp posts have hair on them, Miss Teresa? Did they pant and\n\nswell and smell green\u2014\"\r\n\"Oh! You couldn't know! You awful man!\"\r\n\"I'm Agnes,\" said Agnes; but Teresa dragged Agnes away with her.\r\n\"What is the lamp-post jag, Bascomb?\" asked Officer Mossback McCarty.\r\n\"Ah\u2014I know what it is like to be in hell, Mossback. I dreamed of it\n\nhim slowly at first, but afterwards with a rush.\r\nThe oddity wasn't that two people should have the same dream, but that\n\nrunning around and most of the dreams forgotten.\r\nYet, if it were a coincidence, it was a multiplex one. On the night\n\nmany refused frostily to answer questions on the subject at all.\r\nThis was ten days after Bascomb Swicegood had heard Teresa Ananias tell\n\nentertainment was forgotten, and this was the only topic.\r\nNervous disorders took a fearful rise as people tried to stay awake\n\nslept, and they knew that their cures were not cures.\r\nThere were large amounts posted for anyone who could cure the populace\n\nproblem, but th", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.22310754656791687, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The story of a young woman who is awoken by the light of her dreams. She is woken up by a lamp post, and she is waking up to a dark dream.", "reference_summary": "You waded into the Waters and caught a glimpse of the Dream World.\nNow immerse yourself and discover what lies beyond the trees.\nRecently released from a psychiatric facility after learning that his Dream Sight is not a delusion but a gift, Charlie Oliver sets off to accept an invitation extended by a powerful Dark creature and potential mentor to join his \"family\" of Sighted individuals. As his demon guides begin to instruct him, Charlie quickly discovers just how little he actually knows about the Dream World and the creatures who inhabit it.\nWhile Charlie stumbles through his lessons and st"}
{"id": "literary_15", "title": "Jerry Junior", "text": "should answer if my eyes were shut.\u201d\r\nHe picked up the letter, glanced at the address to make sure\u2014the name\n\nof a romantic race; there was a gleam of sympathetic interest in his eye.\r\n\u201cOh, you needn\u2019t look so knowing! I suppose you think this is a love\n\nwant to leave you, Gustavo, but\u2014Oh, thunder!\u201d\r\nHe finished the reading in a frowning silence while the waiter stood at\n\npartners laid away in drawers like so many sheets.\r\nHe crumpled up the letter and stuffed it in his pocket.\r\n\u201cI say, Gustavo, what do you think of this? They\u2019re going to stay in\n\nthought.\r\n\u201cZe same room? Oh, I suppose so.\u201d\r\nHe sank back into his chair and plunged his hands into his pockets with\n\nfor everything.\r\nThe young man raised his head and eyed his companion gloomily.\r\n\u201cGustavo, have you a sister?\u201d\r\n\u201cA sister?\u201d Gustavo\u2019s manner was uncomprehending but patient. \u201cSi,\n\nsignore, I have eight sister.\u201d\r\n\u201cEight! Merciful saints. How do you manage to be so cheerful?\u201d\r\n\u201cTree is married, signore, one uvver is betrofed, one is in a convent,\n\nappointments?\u201d\r\nGustavo blinked. His supple back achieved another bow.\r\n\u201cSank you,\u201d he murmured.\r\n\u201cAnd you don\u2019t happen to have an aunt?\u201d\r\n\u201cAn aunt, signore?\u201d There was vagueness in his tone.\r\n\u201cYes, Gustavo, an aunt. A female relative who reads you like an open\n\nA gleam of illumination swept over Gustavo\u2019s troubled features.\r\n\u201cEcco! You would know if I haf a zia\u2014a aunt\u2014yes, zat is it. A aunt.\n\nmore, Gustavo, from this moment we are friends.\u201d\r\nHe held out his hand. Gustavo regarded it dazedly; then, since it seemed\n\nbows.\r\n\u201cGrazie tanto! Has ze signore need of anysing?\u201d\r\n\u201cHave I need of anysing?\u201d There was reproach, indignation, disgust in the\n\nheart the list of guests in every hotel in Switzerland.\u201d\r\n\u201cAh, it is diversion zat you wish? Have you seen zat ver\u2019 beautiful Luini\n\nin ze chapel of San Bartolomeo? It is four hundred years old.\u201d\r\n\u201cYes, Gustavo, I have seen the Luini in the chapel of San Bartolomeo. I\n\nderived all the pleasure to be got out of it the first afte", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.3846244215965271, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The story of Gustavo, a young man who is a smitten and passionate woman, is told in a way that is both eloquent and evocative.", "reference_summary": "Large Format for easy reading. Fully illustrated version of a novel that sought to explore the possibility of more equal relationships between men and women."}
{"id": "literary_16", "title": "The Heroes, or, Greek Fairy Tales for My Children", "text": "So the fair land of Athens was wasted, and another king ruled\r\nit, who drove out Theseus shamefully, and he fled across the sea\r\nto Scuros.\u00a0 And there he lived in sadness, in the house of\r\nLucomedes the king, till Lucomedes killed him by treachery, and\r\nthere was an end of all his labours.\r\nSo it is still, my children, and so it will be to the\r\nend.\u00a0 In those old Greeks, and in us also, all strength and\r\nvirtue come from God.\u00a0 But if men grow proud and\r\nself-willed, and misuse God\u2019s fair gifts, He lets them go\r\ntheir own ways, and fall pitifully, that the glory may be His\r\nalone.\u00a0 God help us all, and give us wisdom, and courage to\r\ndo noble deeds! but God keep pride from us when we have done\r\nthem, lest we fall, and come to shame!\n\nFootnotes\r\n[96]\u00a0 In the Elgin Marbles.\r\n[130a]\u00a0 The Danube.\r\n[130b]\u00a0 Between the Crim\u00e6a and\r\nCircassia.\r\n[130c]\u00a0 The Sea of Azov.\r\n[131a]\u00a0 The Ural Mountains?\r\n[131b]\u00a0 The Baltic?\r\n[132]\u00a0 Britain?\r\n[133]\u00a0 The Azores?\r\n***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE HEROES***", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.6501010656356812, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.5044521689414978, "generated_summary": "The book is a collection of essays by the author, and includes a number of other essays.", "reference_summary": "Work by Charles Kingsley, a prolific English novelist and author whose main power lay in his descriptive faculties. Kingsley's interest in history spilled over into his writings, which include The Heroes, or Greek Fairy Tales for My Children (1856), a children's book about Greek mythology, and several historical novels, of which the best known are Hypatia (1853), Hereward, the Last of the English (1865), and Westward Ho! (1855)."}
{"id": "literary_17", "title": "The Sea Fairies", "text": "countries traversed by the road leading to Oz and the Emerald City.\r\nUnique and gorgeous Jacket in colors and gold.\r\nTHE LAND OF OZ\r\nAn account of the adventures of the Scarecrow, the Tin Woodman, Jack\n\nthe Gump and many other delightful characters.\r\nNearly 150 black-and-white illustrations and sixteen full-page pictures in colors.\r\nOZMA OF OZ\r\nThe story tells \"more about Dorothy,\" as well as those famous characters,\n\npages in color and fifty black-and-white text pictures.\r\nDOROTHY AND THE WIZARD IN OZ\r\nIn this book Dorothy, with Zeb, a little boy friend, and Jim, the Cab Horse,\n\nGorgeously illustrated with sixteen full color pages and numerous black-and-white pictures.\r\nJOHN DOUGH AND THE CHERUB\r\nA whimsical tale portraying the exciting adventures of the\n\nthe Magician they are all supposed to exist in the ocean's depths.\r\nI am told that some very learned people deny that mermaids\n\nlived under the water as Trot and Cap'n Bill did in this story.\r\nI hope my readers who have so long followed Dorothy's\n\nold master lived peacefully ashore with the Griffiths family.\r\nThis was about the time Trot was born, and the old sailor\n\nby us mortal folk,\" replied Cap'n Bill.\r\n\"But if anyone happens to see 'em, what then, Cap'n?\"\r\n\"Then,\" he answered, slowly wagging his head, \"the\n\nlive deep down, an' the poor mortals never come up again.\"\r\nThe little girl was thoughtful for a moment.\r\n\"But why do folks dive in the water when the mermaids\n\nan' purple an' pink scales all adown it.\"\r\n\"Have they got arms, Cap'n Bill?\"\r\n\"'Course, Trot; arms like any other lady. An' pretty\n\ngirl, looking up into his face with big round eyes.\r\nCap'n Bill coughed. Then he tried to sneeze, to gain\n\nhas to be like that, or they wouldn't be mermaids.\"\r\nShe thought this over.\r\n\"Somebody must have lived, Cap'n Bill,\" she declared,\n\nwith 'em, Trot.\"\r\n\"May\u2014re! May\u2014re!\" called a voice from the house.\r\n\"Yes, Mamma!\"\r\n\"You an' Cap'n Bill come in to supper.\"\n\ngirl and Cap'n Bill started out toward the bluff.\r\nThe air ", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.37550321221351624, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The story of the mermaids and their adventures is told in this book by the Scarecrow, the Tin Woodman, Jack the Gump, and many other delightful characters.", "reference_summary": "Best-known for his beloved \"Oz\" stories, L. Frank Baum also fabricated other realms of fantasy for his young readers. In The Sea Fairies, he takes youngsters to visit one of those fascinating places -- a kingdom deep beneath the sea. Leading the way are Trot, a very independent and immensely curious little girl, and Cap'n Bill, an old sailor who likes to tell tall tales.\nOne day the two adventurers come upon a sea cave where they discover a school of bewitching mermaids who guide them beneath the waves to a magnificent palace. While touring this mysterious watery realm, Trot and Cap'n Bill mee"}
{"id": "literary_18", "title": "Not Like Other Girls: Really Bad Poetry From My '90s Life", "text": "Mrs. Challoner, who lived here with her three daughters.\r\nThis may be accounted strange in the first instance, since the\n\ndark days when pleasures were few and tennis impossible.\r\nPeople said it was very good-natured of the Maynes; but then\n\nairs of an old servant who could not be replaced.\r\nThey were all pretty girls, the three Misses Challoner, but Nan\n\nher racquet a little languidly; she looked a trifle grave.\r\nMrs. Challoner laid down her knitting and looked at them,\n\neyes; and she thought even Dick\u2019s sandy hair beautiful.\r\nBut in spite of his plainness he was a pleasant, well-bred young\n\nat the sight of a fresh face! it was horrid of you, sir!\u201d\r\n\u201cI wanted him to come,\u201d returned the young man, in a deprecating\n\n\u201cMother, now Dick has come so late, he had better stay.\u201d\r\n\u201cIf I only may do so?\u201d returned Dick; but his inquiry was\n\nthink I was a fool for my pains to refuse the ball.\u201d\r\n\u201cYes, indeed; just because you were afraid of the supper\n\nson of the house,\u2014but Dulce interrupted her:\r\n\u201cBut all the same I wish Dick had not been so stupid about\n\nNormatons, only it was an uncle in that case.\u201d\r\n\u201cMoral: never put off a dance, in case somebody dies.\u201d\r\n\u201cOh, hush, please!\u201d groaned Nan, in a shocked voice; \u201cI\n\nto herself, as she composed herself to her usual nap.\r\n\u201cWe shall not be long, little mother; so you must not be\n\ninto the conversation in a way that was somewhat confusing.\r\n\u201cI don\u2019t agree with you at all,\u201d she would say, in a drowsy\n\nmother\u2019s head nid-nodded on the cushions until the next interruption.\r\n\u201cWe shall not have many more of these strolls,\u201d observed\n\nthree whole months in Switzerland. Oh, you lucky Dick!\u201d\r\nFor the Maynes had decided to pass the long vacation in the\n\nlids, in a manner half sharp and half jocular.\r\nHe was not vulgar, far from it; but he had a homely air about\n\nthough he has the good taste to try and hide it.\u201d\r\nThis sagacious speech was very true. Dick would never\n\nrisen and kissed her with some effusion as she took her leave.\r\n\u201cIt is so nice o", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.6191044449806213, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.5051490068435669, "generated_summary": "The story of a young woman who is a smitten with the beautiful and charming Dick.", "reference_summary": "NOT LIKE OTHER GIRLS: Really Bad Poetry From My '90s Life is the quintessential journey of an angst-filled '90s youth gone wild. Caught in the middle of generational no-woman's land, Jessie Rose compiles a menagerie of teenage art, reflection and bad poems. *Content warning, suicide, depression and generally awful, but honest language"}
{"id": "literary_19", "title": "The Pagan Madonna", "text": "I were only rich!\u201d\r\n\u201cAnd what would you do if you had riches?\u201d\r\n\u201cI\u2019d buy all the silk at Kai Fook\u2019s\u2014isn\u2019t that\n\nand followed it with the smelly oilskin.\r\n\u201cHello, Cleigh! Devil of a night!\u201d\r\n\u201cHave a peg?\u201d asked Cleigh.\r\n\u201cNever touch the stuff.\u201d\r\n\u201cThat\u2019s so; I had forgotten.\u201d\n\nout of his voice.\r\n\u201cThere\u2019s the devil to pay\u2014all in a half hour.\u201d\r\n\u201cYou haven\u2019t got it?\u201d Cleigh blazed out.\r\n\u201cMorrissy\u2014one of the squarest chaps in the\n\nhurried him to a hospital, where he lies unconscious.\u201d\r\n\u201cBut the beads!\u201d\r\n\u201cEither he dropped them in the gutter, or they\n\ncourse I\u2019ll look him up in the morning.\u201d\r\n\u201cThousands of miles\u2014to hear a yarn like this!\u201d\r\n\u201cCleigh, we\u2019ve done business for nearly twenty\n\nkeeps the crew out of sight.\u201d\r\n\u201cAnd I should say out of touch, too.\u201d\r\n\u201cI\u2019m quite satisfied,\u201d replied Cleigh, grumpily.\r\n\u201cCleigh, I\u2019m through.\u201d Cunningham spread\n\nMr. Cunningham. I want you to remember him.\u201d\r\nDodge agreed with a curt nod.\r\n\u201cIf ever you see him in this cabin when I\u2019m\n\nabsent, you know what to do.\u201d\r\n\u201cYes, sir,\u201d replied Dodge, with a wintry smile.\r\nCunningham laughed.\r\n\u201cSo you carry a Texas gunman round with you\n\nsee whether they were sound or raw?\r\n\u201cBut the beads!\u201d he said.\r\n\u201cI\u2019m sorry. Simply Morrissy ran amuck.\u201d\r\n\u201cI am willing to pay half as much again.\u201d\r\n\u201cYou leave that to me\u2014at the original price.\n\nBut why the devil do you carry that rug abroad?\u201d\r\n\u201cTo look at.\u201d\r\n\u201cMad as a hatter!\u201d Cunningham picked up\n\nmy hand when I started to run. Sorry.\u201d\r\n\u201cHave they quizzed you?\u201d\r\n\u201cYes, but I made out I couldn\u2019t talk. What\u2019s\n\nthe States.\u201d\r\n\u201cAll right. Cook\u2019s or the American Express?\u201d\r\n\u201cAddress me the Milan direct.\u201d\r\nCunningham nodded.\r\n\u201cWell, good-bye.\u201d\r\n\u201cGood-bye, Dick. I\u2019m sorry I gummed it up.\u201d\r\n\u201cI thought you\u2019d be. Good-bye.\u201d\r\nBut as Cunningham passed from sight, the man\n\nThe shops! Oh, the beautiful, beautiful shops!\r\n\u201cChina, China, China!\u201d she sang.\r\nShe threw up the shade and squinted for a moment.\n\nmade her think of ants, darting, scuttling, wheeling.\r\n\u201cOh, the beautiful shops!\u201d", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.32604214549064636, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The story of a young man who is a snobby, sexy, and a little bit smitten with the world.", "reference_summary": "Harold MacGrath (1871-1932) was a bestselling American novelist, short story writer, and screenwriter. As a young man, he worked as a reporter and columnist on the Syracuse Herald newspaper until the late 1890s when he published his first novel, a romance titled Arms and the Woman (1899). According to the New York Times, his next book, The Puppet Crown (1901) was the No. 7 bestselling book in the United States in 1901. From that point on, MacGrath never looked back, writing novels for the mass market about love, adventure, mystery, spies, and the like at an average rate of more than one a year"}
{"id": "literary_20", "title": "Root of All Evil", "text": "endeavouring to do what no man can do without brains and capital.\r\nNevertheless\u2014so powerfully will Nature assert her own wealth in the\n\nwhole show was poverty-stricken it was at least whole and clean.\r\n\"That's the lot, Rushie!\" she said, turning to her sister as she picked\n\nget to mangling and ironing by tea-time.\"\r\nRushie, who had no such love of labour as her sister, made no answer.\n\nuntidy table. \"We've never done in this house!\"\r\n\"So'm I,\" retorted Jeckie. \"But what's that to do with it when there's\n\nnever been seen to this morning.\"\r\nShe caught up a sieve as she spoke, filled it with waste stuff from a\n\none of what Farnish would have to do with it.\r\nThe horse, a fairly decent animal, drank greedily when Jeckie had pumped\n\nwhenever money was concerned her instincts were immediately aroused.\r\nFarnish was riding into the fold as she regained it, and he got off his\n\na corn-bin, and, swinging his long legs, shook his head again.\r\n\"Well?\" demanded Jeckie.\r\nFarnish, for a long time, had found it difficult to encounter his elder\n\nparticular hole the next rat would look, and he made no show of speech.\r\n\"You may as well out with it,\" said Jeckie. \"What is it, now?\"\r\nThere was an emphasis on the last word that made Farnish look at his\n\nto drum his fingers on his bony knees.\r\n\"Aye, well, mi lass!\" he answered, in a low tone. \"As ye say\u2014now! Ye\n\nat an end! That's the long and that's the short, as the saying goes.\"\r\n\"You'll have to be plainer than that,\" retorted Jeckie. \"What is it?\n\nimpatiently. \"What's the use of keeping it back?\"\r\n\"They can sell me up,\" answered Farnish in a low tone. \"They can sell\n\ncows and the poultry a living could be scratched together, but....\r\n\"I been into Sicaster to see Mr. Burstlewick, th' bank manager,\"\n\nlass!\"\r\n\"What do you mean by a hundred pound?\" exclaimed Jeckie. \"You said two!\"\r\n\"Aye, but ye don't understand, mi lass,\" answered Farnish. \"If I could\n\nharvest's been and gone\u2014what?\"\r\n\"Would that satisfy 'em?\" asked Jeckie suspiciously.\r\n\"So", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.6730040311813354, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.5108845233917236, "generated_summary": "The first book in the series of novels by the author, 'The Book of the Dead', is a collection of short stories and essays by the writer. It is based on the novel of the same name by the same author.", "reference_summary": "\"The Root All Evil draw us into the ambiguous, threatening dream world of one of earth's most wounding cities: contemporary Jakarta. Dewi Anggraeni's first novel evokes this modern Hades poignantly, using simple heart to confront elaborate and overripe acts of evil. She conveys much of the troubled Indonesian soul.\" Blanche D'Alpuget"}
{"id": "literary_21", "title": "Black Tiger (Black Tiger, #1)", "text": "station that Woody had long ago ceased to trouble himself over.\r\nCindy Lou was Woody's hot rod. Or to be more precise, she was Woody's\n\nto the phone, which was fastened to a wall of the garage.\r\n\"McNess Union Service Station,\" he said into the mouthpiece.\r\n\"Hi,\" said a cheerful voice at the other end. \"That you, Woody?\"\r\n\"Yep.\"\r\n\"How are things?\"\r\nThings, Woody replied, rubbing the end of his nose with an\n\ndiscussion part of salesmanship and should get down to the point.\r\n\"Say, Woody,\" he said, \"I don't want you to get the idea that I'm\n\non myself, and I've got to have the skins.\"\r\n\"O.K.,\" said Woody. \"I'll pay it off.\"\r\n\"Swell,\" said Bob. \"You going to be there this evening?\"\r\n\"Until seven,\" Woody replied.\r\n\"I'll buzz by with the plumbing and pick up the dough about six-thirty.\n\nS'long.\"\r\n\"S'long,\" said Woody and put down the receiver.\r\nOnly when he had hung up did he realize the enormity of his offense.\n\nWoody needed at least seven or eight dollars.\r\nWorm McNess came by his nickname fairly enough. His full name was\n\npositions next to impossible for mechanics built on more normal lines.\r\nWoody liked Worm. He was a good boss with a quiet sense of humor and\n\nautomobiles with such contempt and yet worked on them with such care.\r\nWorm was putting the pan back on a Chevvy now\u2014the same car whose\n\ninto the breast pocket of his shirt and took out a cigarette.\r\n\"Hurry oop wi' yon carburetor and let's get this bucket o' bolts oot of\n\nto ask Worm for a loan of six or seven bucks.\r\nHe decided, since Worm was close at hand and relaxing with his\n\ncigarette, that he'd try him first.\r\n\"Say, Worm,\" he said in as offhand a manner as he could manage, \"how\n\nabout letting me have a couple of bucks until payday?\"\r\n\"Bucket o' bolts,\" he said ignoring the question completely and shaking\n\neighty thousand miles on her if she's been driven a yard.\"\r\nWoody was used to these tactics and knew what to do about them. He\n\nMcNess could have got her running again.\"\r\n\"You could take it all out of the", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.3952156901359558, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "A young man who has been a member of the family for many years, and who is now a part of the community.", "reference_summary": "When the fire goes out, supposedly dead, the embers still remain, tiny specks of deadwood and ash that have the capacity to start a fire large enough to burn down an entire city.\nEmber Carter is a sixteen-year-old farmer's daughter who wants nothing more than to stay close to her family in the Community Garden when Career Day approaches. Unfortunately, all farming careers are given to boys, and besides, as of the past two years, all students have been drafted to the Line of Defenders to fight in a war no one seems to know about. When she meets Forest, the mysterious stranger who seems to know "}
{"id": "literary_22", "title": "Isle of the Undead", "text": "bantering note left his voice. \"I'm crazy about you, Vilma.\"\r\nShe tried to laugh, but it was an unconvincing sound. \"It's the moon,\n\ncrawled up Darrell's spine.\r\nStiff-lipped, Vilma gasped: \"What\u2014what is it?\"\r\nCliff answered in a dry husky voice, the words seeming to trip over an\n\nhad been under water a long time.\r\nDead men ... men whose movements were stiffly wooden ... as dead as\n\nA\r\n\u00a0 queer mirage, isn't it?\" A hollow voice spoke suavely behind them.\r\nVilma gasped at the sudden sound, and they whirled. A foot away stood\n\nthe galley. \"It looks quite life-like, don't you think so?\"\r\n\"Life-like?\" Cliff spoke between his teeth as he again faced the black\n\nmotionless captain.\r\n\"Do something, Corio!\" he rasped. \"Don't stand there like a dummy!\"\r\nCorio nodded with his same queer smile. His hand darted to an inside\n\nmotion, sweeping them in a horde to the rail of the yacht.\r\nCliff swung toward Corio in bursting fury, fury mingled with dread.\n\nagainst the moonlit doorway, treading soundlessly, and were gone.\r\nCliff lay in rigid paralysis, every sense keenly alive, his mind\n\nshowing, her Diesel engines purring almost soundlessly.\r\nHe turned and bent over Vilma, still in thrall to that strange deep\n\nforeboding, a fear of what was yet to come. He must do something!\r\nStepping over the still forms of his friends, he moved to the forward\n\nunder the ledge, into the mouth of the skull!\r\nJust before total blackness fell, Cliff sprang to Vilma's side and\n\nVilma\u2014there was nothing else to do. If only she were conscious!\r\nHe stooped and raised her, holding her firmly with one arm. Gripping\n\nnow, dead eyes staring upward.\r\n\"Vilma!\" he cried, his voice pleading. \"Vilma!\"\r\nOnly a mocking echo answered him. There was no other sound, not even\n\nhe must get to light, must get light to search for Vilma.\r\nGradually the insensate pounding in his head abated, and strength\n\ndraft drawing through the fissure, fanning his brine-drenched body.\r\nGrim and starkly forbidding the plain lay before him, d", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.30870845913887024, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The saga of the 'Seaman' is a story of a young man who has been swept away by the savagery of the sea. He is resurrected by the spirit of his father, and he is reunited with his mother, the narrator, and the thugs who have beaten him.", "reference_summary": "A gripping, thrilling, uncanny tale about the frightful fate that befell a yachting party on the dreadful island of living dead men. Talk about an unholy alliance. Vampires, zombies and the devil."}
{"id": "literary_23", "title": "the gibson", "text": "[Image unavailable.]\r\nHe: Who is that tramping around overhead?\r\nShe: Oh, that\u2019s only papa. He always gets restless towards morning.\n\n[Image unavailable.]\r\nLittle Sister: A widow? What\u2019s a widow?\r\nBig Sister: A lady what\u2019s had a husband and is goin\u2019 to have\n\nyet, before we were married, you told me I was a man of a thousand.\r\nShe: So you were, my dear, so you were. But I can\u2019t entirely forget\n\n[Image unavailable.]\r\nHe: We have had a terrible scrap.\r\n\u201cAnd I came out ahead.\u201d\r\n\u201cNo. I did. You accepted my apology.\u201d\n\n[Image unavailable.]\r\n\u201cAren\u2019t there a couple of young men in there with Clara?\u201d\r\n\u201cNo, only one. There isn\u2019t a sound.\u201d\n\nit\u2019s kind o\u2019 tough on a girl that marries one of us travelin\u2019 men.\r\n\u201cStill, it might be worse. I suppose you\u2019re away from home most of the\n\n[Image unavailable.]\r\nBOTANY IN THE BOWERY\r\n\u201cWhere did you get those flowers, little girl? Off a tree?\u201d\r\n\u201cNo, sir.\u201d\r\n\u201cOff a bush?\u201d\r\n\u201cNo, sir.\u201d\r\n\u201cWhere?\u201d\r\n\u201cOff a lady.\u201d\n\n[Image unavailable.]\r\n\u201cI don\u2019t think married life is ever happy, anyway.\u201d\r\n\u201cThen, why don\u2019t you divorce your husband?\u201d\r\n\u201cI\u2019d rather quarrel with him than with strangers.\u201d\n\n[Image unavailable.]\r\nEditor: Have you ever written any editorials?\r\nCollege Graduate: No, sir; but I think I might train my mind down to\n\ndearest? I\u2019d like you to choose the ring yourself.\u201d\r\n\u201cIn that case perhaps you\u2019d better save up a little longer, darling.\u201d\n\n[Image unavailable.]\r\nA SAVING GRACE\r\n\u201cLouise, I really cannot permit you to read novels on Sunday.\u201d\r\n\u201cBut, Grandmamma, this novel is all right; it tells about a girl who was\n\n[Image unavailable.]\r\nA TRAGIC MOMENT FOR SMYTH (WHO MARRIED FOR A HOME)\r\nMrs. S. (who has the money) objects to the size of his tailor\u2019s bill.\n\n[Image unavailable.]\r\nWHEN THEY GET THEIR RIGHTS\r\n\u201cIt\u2019s only fair to warn you that my son has never had a father\u2019s care", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.598806619644165, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.5021319389343262, "generated_summary": "The bestselling novel of the same name by author and illustrator John A.", "reference_summary": "The plot had me a bit puzzled for the first few minutes, but once I'd sorted out the odd characters in my mind, it was highly entertaining. It's a comic play about the way insular people react to those who are different. There are some choice characters: moronic villagers who don't like outsiders (reminded me of a well-known writer's comment about bigots in Barnsley, treating her badly when she was a girl because her mother was French.....), the nutty inventor with his head in the clouds, the sister who's a different person every day... very good radio. Stephen Thorne on top form, too, as the "}
{"id": "literary_24", "title": "Brighton Road", "text": "settled method; the second is found in the fact of the Brighton Road\r\nbeing not only the best known of highways, but also the one most\n\nThe Bolney and Hickstead Route\r\nHand Cross\r\n33\u00bd\r\nBolney\r\n39\r\nHickstead\r\n40\u00bd\r\nSavers Common\r\n42\r\nNewtimber\r\n44\u00bd\r\nPyecombe\r\n45\r\nBrighton\r\n50\u00bd\n\nand rejoining the initial route at Pyecombe.\r\nVARIOUS ROUTES\r\nThe oldest road to Brighton is now but little used. It is not to be\n\nSteyning, bringing up the total mileage to sixty-one miles three furlongs.\r\nThis multiplicity of ways meant that, in the variety of winding lanes\n\npresent \u201crecord\u201d route in its entirety existed at all.\r\nAmong the many isolated roads made or improved, which did not in the\n\ntime the Brighton Road became free throughout.\r\nMeanwhile, the road from London to Croydon was repaired in 1718; and at\n\nseen, Brighton had begun to be the goal of these improvements.\r\nThe New Chapel and Copthorne road, on the East Grinstead route, was\n\ngroups of pedestrians of all ranks and appearances lined each side.\u201d\r\nOn their way they pass Hyde Park Corner, where they encounter one of a\n\nthe characters of their bearers, are self-explanatory.\r\nDashall points his lordship out to his companion, who is new to London\n\nmould the world to their own form.\r\nTHE PRINCE\r\nThe character of George the Fourth has been the theme of writers upon\n\nso high and so impetuous, and impulses so generous as then were his.\r\nHe proves what we may abundantly learn from other sources, that the\n\ndid much to spoil the Prince.\r\nTo quote Walpole again: \u201cIt made men smile to find that in the palace of\n\n...; such were the fruits of his being locked up in the palace of piety.\u201d\r\nHe proved, too, an intractable and undutiful son; but that was the result\n\n\u201cAnd may all your wives be like her!\u201d\r\nAll high-spirited young England flocked to the side of the Prince of\n\nall: it is an accompaniment of royalty.\r\nThackeray denounced his wig; but there is a prejudice in favour of flowing\n\npoet, are what they seem, and nothing else.\r\nThey lash t", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.48361513018608093, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The first book in the series of novels by the author of \"The Last Word\" (1996), \"The First Word\" is a collection of short stories written by the writer of \"Anthony\", \"The Second Word\" and \"The Third Word\" (1999).", "reference_summary": "SHE WAS A MISTRESS OF DISASTER--AND HE DEMANDED SHE KEEP HER DISTANCE!\nWith his broad shoulders and flashing dark eyes, Lord Ravenel could have stepped from the pages of lady author Gwenda Vickers's gothic novels!\nCertainly she hadn't meant to eavesdrop on his marriage proposal--nor overhear the lady's refusal. But certainly he would welcome her advice--as a seasoned writer, of course--on the art of romance.\nBut Ravenel fairly cursed the imperturbable Miss Vickers. Her penchant for disaster and her boot-chewing hound were enough to drive a man to Bedlam! How shocked he was, then, to discover h"}
{"id": "literary_25", "title": "Invader (Foreigner, #2)", "text": "interpreted the smells of hate and fear all about him.\r\nThe crowd scattered wildly at his approach, but he was being followed.\n\nglanced down to see it streaked with red.\r\nAhead of him a line of bipeds all clothed in identical blue sacs of\n\nthe building nearest him and clung there, gasping.\r\nA white-faced creature appeared and began poking at him with a steel rod\n\nadvancing all the while, a tiny glass vial in his hands.\r\nWithout knowing why, the Triomed felt his lips pull away from his teeth\n\nThe biped stopped, and the Triomed could smell his sudden fear.\r\nHe felt a surge of incomprehensible rage come over him\u2014he crouched\n\nmenacingly.\r\nThe creature took a step closer. Another. The Triomed tensed.\r\nThe creature was within reach, extending the vial. The alien could see\n\nthat it was tipped with a sliver of steel. He sprang\u2014\r\nThe weapons crashed. The alien felt the thudding impact of projectiles\n\nwould die. And if he died, Triom would die.\r\nHe felt his huge body totter. There was another blast from the weapons\n\nrelief at the huge body on the roof.\r\n\"I've seen him a dozen times in the park,\" one said. \"He always seemed", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.47076135873794556, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The saga of the Triom is a story of a young alien who is reborn into a human society. He is unable to survive the life of his parents, and his father's death is ruled by the tyrant.", "reference_summary": "Nearly two centuries after the starship Phoenix disappeared into the heavens, leaving an isolated colony of humans on the world of the atevi, it unexpectedly returns to orbit overhead, threatening the stability of both atevi and human governments.\nWith the situation fast becoming critical, Bren Cameron, the brilliant, young paidhi to the court of the atevi is recalled from Mospheira where he has just undergone surgery. But his sudden and premature return to the mainland is cause for more than mere physical discomfort. For during his brief absence, his government has sent in his paidhi-successo"}
{"id": "literary_26", "title": "Back from Hell", "text": "Germans whom they right well hated.\r\n[Pg 2]Others were going, and made no bones about saying so, because they were\n\nwould deal justly and kindly with his neighbor.\r\nIt is a natural tendency, I suppose, of most ministers to be optimistic\n\nintended that they should and this wicked rivalry and jealousy would cease.\r\nIt seemed to me that even my fellow-Americans, along with the French and\n\nrate. For He did use violence occasionally, when it was necessary.\r\n\"If a man smite thee on one cheek, turn the other also,\" was my motto,\n\ntold me, was my ideal man, and the only real Christian since Jesus.\r\nI had also said there would never be another war; a war of any size. I\n\ncommitting murder and breaking God's great law.\r\nMy father had also been a minister, and he was so meek and peaceful that\n\nsometimes alienated even my admirers by my doctrine.\r\nHowever, after Europe went to war I could see the storm gathering in the\n\nGod's commandment,\r\n\"THOU SHALT NOT KILL.\"\r\nI did not believe in killing. I had lectured with David Starr Jordan and\n\nwhen I went abroad to study, it was a German university that I sought.\r\nI knew of course that Germany's military system was a despotic one and\n\nreconciled. So in a few weeks' time I was on my way.\r\nWhen I embarked upon that great ship in New York I was alone. And I want\n\noften wonder what was ahead for me.\r\nAfter a week and a half on the ocean we finally landed on the coast of\n\n[Pg 9]\r\nCHAPTER II RED TAPE IN TRAVELING\r\nAs we bumped into the dock at Havre I was given my first scare. I was\n\nthan its weakest link, and I had to possess every link in this chain of paper.\r\nI remember one fellow who had lost his permit to come to Paris. When he\n\nit with the man who issued the permit.\r\nThe reason for all this is that every nation in the war takes it for\n\nfull of spies and peace propagandists.\r\nIf you travel at all through the country by automobile, you have to come\n\n[Pg 15]\r\nCHAPTER III HOW I GOT INTO THE SERVICE\r\nMy first formal call when I got to Paris ", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.42978256940841675, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The book is a collection of essays by the author, including his essay \"The War of the World\" (1996).", "reference_summary": "Book 1 in the Night Stalkers series. They are Night Stalkers, two sisters born to hunt and destroy evil. For years a man has joined Jenai in her dreams. He makes sweet, hot love to her, and knows her better than anyone else. Now she has finally met him. After years of searching, Ronan has found her. His mate, the woman he has dreamed of for decades. He has been sent to recruit her and her sister Stephanie to join the powerful organization he works for. If he can't recruit them...he has orders to kill them. A trap has been set-intended to kill them all. Fighting their way to freedom, Ronan and "}
{"id": "literary_27", "title": "The Crow's Nest (The White Pearl Book 2)", "text": "PAGE\r\nThe Three Tigers3\r\nAs They Go Riding By7\r\nA Man Gets Up in the Morning15\r\nOdd Countries18\r\nOn Cows26\r\nStroom and Graith28\r\nLegs vs. Architects44\r\nTo Phoebe49\r\nSex, Religion and Business51\r\nAn Ode to Trade63\r\nObjections to Reading65\n\nThe Man Who Knew Gods109\r\nImproving the Lives of the Rich118\r\nFrom Noah to Now128\r\nSic Semper Dissenters135\r\nHumpty Dumpty and Adam137\r\nHow It Looks to a Fish142\r\nA Hopeful Old Bigamist147\r\nThe Revolt of Capital154\r\nStill Reading Away161\n\nA Wild Polish Hero165\r\nMrs. P.'s Side of It173\r\nThe Death of Logan183\r\nPortrait of a Lady190\r\nGrandfather's Three Lives198\r\nStory of a Farmer217\n\ntoo serious and the best thing to do is to deaden it.\r\nHumor is an opiate for the soul, says Francis\n\n\"Go now from the shore,\r\nFar ruined: the grey shingly floor\r\nTo thy crashing step answers, the doteril cries,\r\nAnd on dipping wing flies:\r\n'Tis their silence!\"\n\n\"I turned in my saddle and made the girths tight,\r\nThen shortened each stirrup, and set the pique right,\r\nRebuckled the check-strap, chained slacker the bit\u2014\"\n\n\"I mounted, now, my patient nag,\r\nAnd scaled the easy steep;\r\nAnd soon beheld the quiet flag\r\nOn Lanson's solemn Keep.\r\nBut he was writing jokes for Punch;\r\nSo I, who knew him well,\r\nDeciding not to stay for lunch,\r\nReturned to my hotel.\"\n\nAll the other stars are good\r\nAnd revolve the way they should.\r\nYou alone, of that bright throng,\r\nWill persist in going wrong.\n\nNever mind what God has said\u2014\r\nWe have made a Law instead.\r\nHave you never heard of this\r\nNeb-u-lar Hy-poth-e-sis?\n\nIt prescribes, in terms exact,\r\nJust how every star should act.\r\nTells each little satellite\r\nWhere to go and whirl at night.[50]\r\nDisobedience incurs\r\nAnger of astronomers,\r\nWho\u2014you mustn't think it odd\u2014\r\nAre more finicky than God.\n\nSo, my dear, you'd better change.\r\nReally, we can't rearrange\r\nEvery chart from Mars to Hebe\r\nJust to fit a chit like Phoebe.\r\n[51]\n\nto watch them openly. Why hide yourself?\"\r\n\"Because it's much more exciting.\"\r\n\"I dare say, but I adv", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.8647602796554565, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.5360905528068542, "generated_summary": "The first book in the series of novels by American author and astronomer John A. Heinlein, this is the first book to be published in the United States. It was published in 1897, and is the second edition of the series.", "reference_summary": "This is a confluence of two imaginative minds. It's a story drenched with rich, deep prose filled with spiritual and emotional discovery. It's got it all with a big helping of hot sauce ... well, very, very big helping! Hope you like spicy.\nIt's a tapestry of self-discovery, woven together with mythological symbolism, raw emotional scars and unvarnished sexuality that surrounds the lives of Jack Cavallaro and Linzi Basset, who, by pure chance, come together to share their crippled lives, warts and all. It is a confessional treatise, a mutual acknowledgement of their own demons. And through the"}
{"id": "literary_28", "title": "Nor Iron Bars a Cage", "text": "until Doc Prouty does the post on her.\"\r\nI took a firm grip on my temper. I should have been notified as soon\n\nstory at the scene without my help.\"\r\nThat mollified him, and it showed a little on his face. \"O.K., Roy,\n\none side. All he said was, \"Hi, Roy.\"\r\nThe morgue attendant lifted up one small arm with a gloved hand and\n\nstiff.\" It was an old joke, but everybody grinned out of habit.\r\nThe clear water from the hose flowed over the skin and turned a\n\nstainless-steel trough in which the body was lying.\r\nOne of the lab techs stepped over and began going through the long\n\ncleaning out the mouth and nose and eyes and ears with careful hands.\r\nI turned to Kleek. \"You sure it's the Donahue girl?\"\r\nHe sighed and looked away from the small dead thing on the cleaning\n\nschool record.\"\r\nI had to agree. \"What about the time of death?\"\r\n\"Doc Prouty figures forty-eight to sixty hours ago.\"\r\n\"I'll be able to give you a better figure after the post,\" the Medical\n\nThe FBI man followed me into the outer room.\r\n\"Do you figure this as a sex-degenerate case, Inspector?\" he asked.\r\n\"Looks like it. You saw the bruises. Dr. Prouty will be able to tell\n\nus for sure after the post mortem.\"\r\nHe shook his head as if to clear it of a bad memory. \"You New York\n\npolice can sure be cold-blooded at times.\"\r\nThe thing that was bothering him, as Kleek and I both knew, was that\n\ndoesn't normally come under the aegis of the FBI.\r\n\"We're not cold blooded,\" I said. \"Not by inclination, I mean. But a\n\nknown the girl was missing at all at the time the note was sent.\"\r\n\"That's the way it seems to me,\" he agreed. The color was coming back\n\ninstead of ... of what it was? The penalty's the same for both.\"\r\nMy grin had anger, pity, and disgust for the killer in it\u2014plus a\n\nmirror when I feel like that.\r\n\"He was hoping the body wouldn't be found until it was too late for us\n\nI wish you luck. Now, if you'll excuse me, I have to call the office.\"\r\nAs he went out to the desk phone, I gave him a silent thanks. Words", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.2474663108587265, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The sex-degenerate case of the girl who was missing at the time the note was sent.", "reference_summary": "First I was a sorcerer. Then I was a hermit. For so long--for years that seemed to go on forever--I couldn't bear to be touched. I put up not just walls but whole stone bunkers to keep everyone out, emotionally, and physically as well. I was protected from people, from ghosts, from specters real and imagined. Sure, I was alone. But I felt safe. Only, after a while, I wasn't sure any longer whether a totally \"safe\" empty life was really worth living.\nThen Tobin came along. Out of the blue, out of my past, with a summons from the king that he wouldn't let me ignore. I tried to cling to my isolat"}
{"id": "literary_29", "title": "About the Holy Bible: A Lecture", "text": "A FEW wandering families\u2014poor, wretched; without education, art or\r\n      power; descendants of those who had been enslaved for four hundred years;\r\n      ignorant as the inhabitants of Central Africa\u2014had just escaped from\r\n      their masters to the desert of Sinai.\n\nTheir leader was Moses, a man who had been raised in the family of\r\n      Pharaoh, and had been taught the law and mythology of Egypt. For the\r\n      purpose of controlling his followers he pretended that he was instructed\r\n      and assisted by Jehovah, the god of these wanderers.\n\nMany centuries after Moses, the leader, was dead\u2014many centuries\r\n      after all his followers had passed away\u2014the Pentateuch was written,\r\n      the work of many writers, and to give it force and authority it was\r\n      claimed that Moses was the author.\n\nIt is also admitted that Joshua did not write the book that bears his\r\n      name, because it refers to events that did not happen until long after his\r\n      death.\n\nNo one knows, or pretends to know, the author of Judges; all we know is\r\n      that it was written centuries after all the judges had ceased to exist. No\r\n      one knows the author of Ruth, nor of First and Second Samuel; all we know\r\n      is that Samuel did not write the books that bear his name. In the 25th\r\n      chapter of First Samuel is an account of Samuel's death, and in the 27th\r\n      chapter is an account of the raising of Samuel by the Witch of Endor.\n\nNo one knows the author of First and Second Kings or First and Second\r\n      Chronicles; all we know is that these books are of no value.\n\nWe know that the Psalms were not written by David. In the Psalms the\r\n      Captivity is spoken of, and that did not happen until about five hundred\r\n      years after David slept with his fathers.\n\nWe know that Solomon did not write the Proverbs or the Song; that Isaiah\r\n      was not the author of the book that bears his name; that no one knows the\r\n      author of Job, Ecclesiastes or Esther, or of any book", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.32228773832321167, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The book of Job is a collection of verses from the Bible, which are written in the form of a poem. It is based on the biblical story of Job, and is accompanied by a commentary on the Biblical text.", "reference_summary": "This is an EXACT reproduction of a book published before 1923. This IS NOT an OCR'd book with strange characters, introduced typographical errors, and jumbled words. This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understa"}
{"id": "literary_30", "title": "The Works of Horace", "text": "placid head of some sacred stream.\r\nThe camp, and the sound of the trumpet mingled with that of the clarion,\n\nODE III.\r\nTO THE SHIP, IN WHICH VIRGIL WAS ABOUT TO SAIL TO ATHENS.\r\nSo may the goddess who rules over Cyprus; so may the bright stars, the\n\nPhoebus, formidable for thy unerring dart.\r\nI will sing also of Hercules, and the sons of Leda, the one illustrious\n\nODE XIV.\r\nTO THE ROMAN STATE.\r\nO ship, new waves will bear you back again to sea. O what are you doing?\n\nODE XVI.\r\nTO A YOUNG LADY HORACE HAD OFFENDED.\r\nO daughter, more charming than your charming mother, put what end you\n\nTHE SECOND BOOK OF THE ODES OF HORACE.\r\nODE I.\r\nTO ASINIUS POLLIO.\r\nYou are treating of the civil commotion, which began from the consulship\n\nODE XV.\r\nAGAINST THE LUXURY OF THE ROMANS.\r\nThe palace-like edifices will in a short time leave but a few acres for\n\nODE XIX.\r\nON BACCHUS.\r\nA DITHYRAMBIC, OR DRINKING SONG.\r\nI saw Bacchus (believe it, posterity) dictating strains among the remote\n\nTHE THIRD BOOK OF THE ODES OF HORACE.\r\nODE I.\r\nON CONTENTMENT.\r\nI abominate the uninitiated vulgar, and keep them at a distance.\n\nODE II.\r\nAGAINST THE DEGENERACY OF THE ROMAN YOUTH.\r\nLet the robust youth learn patiently to endure pinching want in the\n\nODE V.\r\nON THE RECOVERY OF THE STANDARDS FROM PHRAATES.\r\nWe believe from his thundering that Jupiter has dominion in the heavens:\n\nfates would spare her, my surviving soul.\r\nLYD. Calais, the son of the Thurian Ornitus, inflames me with a mutual\n\ndoor again open to slighted Lydia.\r\nLYD. Though he is fairer than a star, thou of more levity than a cork,\n\nODE XXVII.\r\nTO GALATEA, UPON HER GOING TO SEA.\r\nLet the omen of the noisy screech-owl and a pregnant bitch, or a tawny\n\nTHE FOURTH BOOK OF THE ODES OF HORACE.\r\nODE I.\r\nTO VENUS.\r\nAfter a long cessation, O Venus, again are you stirring up tumults?\n\nODE XV.\r\nTO AUGUSTUS, ON THE RESTORATION OF PEACE.\r\nPhoebus chid me, when I was meditating to sing of battles And conquered\n\nTHE BOOK OF THE EPODES OF HORACE.\r\nODE ", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.6407262086868286, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.5106081962585449, "generated_summary": "The epoch of the Trojan War is a time when the world was in turmoil. The war was fought between the Roman Empire and the Greeks, and the conflict was a battle between the Greek and the Romans. The conflict was waged by the Roman army, which had been fighting for centuries. The battle was dominated by the Persians, who were allied with the Ottomans. They were a force of the Roman empire, and they were able to fight against the Persian Empire.", "reference_summary": "This book was converted from its physical edition to the digital format by a community of volunteers. You may find it for free on the web. Purchase of the Kindle edition includes wireless delivery."}
{"id": "literary_31", "title": "The Black Opal", "text": "looking straight in front of him.\r\nBuggies, horses, and people, they had come all the way from her home at\n\nstraw hat too, and she had on a pair of black cotton gloves.\r\nSophie could not believe her mother was what they called \"dead\"; that it\n\nwaited to watch the sun set, or the moon rise, so often.\r\nShe glanced at her father. He was sitting beside her, a piece of black\n\nmind went back over that.\r\n\"She's dead, Michael,\" Mrs. Grant had said.\r\nAnd she had leaned against the window beside her mother's bed, crying.\n\npeople had cried so much and she had not cried at all.\r\nWhen Potch was taking the bucket of milk across the yard, her father had\n\nsaw him.\r\nCatching sight of them, he had turned and come towards them.\r\n\"We're on opal,\" he cried; \"on opal!\"\r\nThere was a feverish light in his eyes; he was trembling with\n\nthree small knobbies in his hand.\r\nPotch looked at him dazedly.\r\n\"Didn't they tell you\u2014?\" he began.\r\nHer father had closed his hands over the stones and opal dirt.\r\n\"I'm going in now,\" he said, thrusting the opals into the bag.\r\nHe had gone towards the house again, shouting: \"We're on opal! On opal!\"\r\nSophie followed him indoors. Mrs. Grant had met her father on the\n\nthreshold of the room where her mother was.\r\n\"Why didn't you come when I sent for you?\" she asked.\r\n\"I didn't think it could be as bad as you made out\u2014that she was really\n\nhe sat beside her.\r\n\"She was so good, Michael,\" he said, \"too good for this world.\"\r\nMichael did not reply.\r\n\"Too good for this world!\" Paul murmured again.\r\nHe had said that at least a score of times this morning. Sophie had\n\nlike that....\r\nAnd her mother had said:\r\n\"You'll take care of Sophie, Michael?\"\r\nSophie remembered how she had stood in the doorway of her mother's room,\n\nreluctant to move, afraid almost. Michael had nodded without speaking.\r\n\"As though she were your own child?\"\r\n\"So help me, God,\" Michael said.\r\nHer-mother's eyes had rested on Michael's face. She had smiled at him.\n\nalthough her smile had always been lik", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.2752975523471832, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The story of a young woman who is a snobby, sexy, and a little girl who is in love with her father.", "reference_summary": "Abandoned as a baby, her exotic beauty prompted hushed whispers of gypsy blood. But lovely Carmel March remained shrouded in mystery....\nWhen tragedy struck her adopted home of Commonwood House, little Carmel had been bundled off to Australia. Returning to England as a young woman, she became haunted by questions from her past, as well as the shocking revelation that she had been rushed from a murder scene those many years ago.\nYet she was convinced that the wrong man had been sentenced for the crime. Was the answer locked away in her childhood memory -- or in the dark, secretive behavior of h"}
{"id": "literary_32", "title": "The Cycle of Spring", "text": "The greater part of the introductory portion of this drama was translated from the original Bengali by Mr. C. F. Andrews and Prof. Nishikanta Sen, and revised by the Author.\n\n[1]\r\nINTRODUCTION\r\nCharacters of the Prelude\r\nKing, Vizier, General (Bijoy Varma)\r\nChinese Ambassador, Pundit (Sruti-bhushan)\r\nPoet (Kabi-shekhar), Guards, Courtiers, Herald\r\nThe stage is on two levels: the higher, at the back, for the\n\nfree for the \"Play\" when that develops.\r\n(Enter some Courtiers.)\r\n[The names of the speakers are not given in the margin, as they\n\ncan easily be guessed.]\r\nHush! Hush!\r\nWhat is the matter?\r\nThe King is in great distress.\r\nHow dreadful!\r\nWho is that over there, playing on his flute?\r\nWhy? What's the matter?\r\nThe King is greatly disturbed.\r\nHow dreadful!\r\nWhat are those wild children doing, making so much noise?\r\nThey are the Mandal family.\r\nThen tell the Mandal family to keep their children quiet.[3]\r\nWhere can that Vizier have gone to?\r\nHere I am. What's the matter?\r\nHaven't you heard the news?\r\nNo, what?\r\nThe King is greatly troubled in his mind.\r\nWell, I've got some very important news about the frontier war.\r\nWar we may have, but not the news.\r\nThen the Chinese Ambassador is waiting to see His Majesty.\r\nLet him wait. Anyhow he can't see the King.\r\nCan't see the King?\u2014Ah, here is the King at last. Look at him\n\nLong live the King.\"[4]\r\nIf it please Your Majesty, it is time to go to the Court.\r\nTime to go? Yes, time to go, but not to the Court.\r\nWhat does Your Majesty mean?\r\nHaven't you heard? The bell has just been rung to dismiss the\n\nCourt.\r\nWhen? What bell? We haven't heard any bell.\r\nHow could you hear? They have rung it in my ears alone.\r\nOh, Sire. No one can have had the impertinence to do that.\r\nVizier! They are ringing it now.\r\nPardon me, Sire, if I am very stupid; but I cannot understand.\r\nLook at this, Vizier, look at this.\r\nYour Majesty's hair\u2014\u2014\r\nCan't you see there's a bell-ringer there?[5]\r\nOh, Your Majesty. Are you playing a joke?\r\nThe joke is not", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.632824182510376, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.5046030879020691, "generated_summary": "The story of the king and his daughter is a tale of love, friendship, and the power of the King.", "reference_summary": "Rabindranath Tagore (1861-1941), also known by the sobriquet Gurudev, was a Bengali poet, Brahmo Samaj philosopher, visual artist, playwright, novelist, and composer whose works reshaped Bengali literature and music in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. A cultural icon of Bengal and India, he became Asia's first Nobel laureate when he won the 1913 Nobel Prize in Literature. A Pirali Bengali Brahmin from Calcutta, Tagore first wrote poems at age eight. He published his first substantial poetry under the pseudonym Bhanushingho (Sun Lion). Tagore's works included numerous novels, short-stori"}
{"id": "literary_33", "title": "Moods", "text": "longing in your eye?\"\r\n\"No.\"\r\n\"Was it of a fairer or a dearer friend than I?\"\r\n\"Yes.\"\r\nThe black brows contracted ominously, the mouth grew\n\nentreaty a command.\r\n\"Let me know the name, Adam.\"\r\n\"Self-respect.\"\r\nShe laughed low to herself, and the mobile features softened\n\ndo when he discovers it?\"\r\n\"Repent and mend his ways; need I tell you that?\"\r\n\"I have repented; will you help me mend my ways?\"\r\n\"Confess, dear sinner; I will shrive you and grant absolution\n\nfor the past, whatever it may be.\"\r\n\"How much would you do for love of me?\"\r\n\"Anything for you, Adam.\"\r\n\"Then give me back my liberty.\"\r\nHe rose erect and stretched his hands to her with a gesture\n\nout at her eyes, and she asked incredulously\u2014\r\n\"Do you mean it?\"\r\n\"Yes; now, entirely, and forever!\"\r\nIf he had lifted his strong arm and struck her, it would\n\nI cannot give it up; you shall not take it from me!\"\r\nBut as if the words had made the deed irrevocable, Warwick\n\nagain there was more reproach than anger in his voice.[12]\r\n\"Ottila, till I knew you I loved no woman but my\n\nsubdued you, and with your own weapon, the bare truth.\"\r\nHe had said truly, \"You shall see me at my best as at\n\nnever imitate, and in owning a defeat achieved a victory.\r\n\"You think I shall deny this. I do not, but acknowledge\n\nthe dominion you assert.\"\r\n\"You cannot throw it off; it is too late.\"\r\nIt was a rash defiance; she saw that as it passed her\n\nat a taunt to which past weakness gives a double sting\u2014\r\n\"It never is too late. If the priest stood ready, and I\n\nwork in the world without our adding to it.\"\r\n\"You cannot escape with honor, Adam.\"\r\n\"I cannot remain with honor. Do not try me too hardly,\n\nyour world recognizes, both for your sake and my own.\"\r\nShe watched him as he spoke, and to herself confessed a\n\ntears, and said with an earnest, humble voice\u2014\r\n\"I, too, desire to be just. I will not reproach, defy, or\n\nMore gently, but as inflexibly as before, he said\u2014\r\n\"I do put out my hand and offer you the same bitter\n\nfor Ottila, and when", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.39909568428993225, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The epoch of the first book in the series of novels by the author, Warwick, is marked by the discovery of a new world. The story of the emigrants from the United States and the settlers of the country are told in a way that is both familiar and ambiguous.", "reference_summary": "Part novel and part memoir, Yoel Hoffmann's Moods is flooded with feelings, evoked by his family, losses, loves, the soul's hidden powers, old phone books, and life in the Galilee--with its every scent, breeze, notable dog, and odd neighbor. Carrying these shards is a general tenderness, accentuated by a new dimension brought along by \"that great big pill of Prozac.\" Beautifully translated by Peter Cole, Moodsis fiction for lovers of poetry and poetry for lovers of fiction--a small marvel of a book, and with its pockets of joy, a curiously cheerful book by an author who once compared himself t"}
{"id": "literary_34", "title": "Notwithstanding", "text": "or twice in a lifetime placid, gentle-tempered people.\r\nHer dark eyes under their long curled lashes looked down over the stone\n\nBut there was no mystery in them at this moment. They were fixed, dilated, desperate.\r\nAnnette was twenty-one, but she looked much younger, owing to a certain\n\nunready wings, into a world for which she was not fully equipped.\r\nAnd Annette, pale gentle Annette, standing on the threshold of life,\n\nthinking of throwing herself into the water!\r\nNot here, of course, but lower down, perhaps near St. Germains. No, not\n\ndetermined woman might wade out from the bank till the current took her.\r\nThe remembrance of a certain expedition to Melun rose suddenly before\n\nher, and it had turned savagely against herself.\r\nStrange how in youth our first crushing defeat in the experiment of\n\ncame to her father's cabaret in the Rue du Bac.\r\n\"Good morning, mademoiselle.\"\r\n\"Good morning, M. Le Geyt.\"\r\nHe came and leaned on the parapet beside her.\r\n[Pg 5]\"Are you not riding to-day?\"\r\n\"Riding to-day! Ride on the Flat! Is it likely? Besides, I had a fall\n\nyesterday schooling. My neck is stiff.\"\r\nHe did not add that he had all but broken it. Indeed, it was probable\n\nthat he had already forgotten the fact.\r\nHe looked hard at her with his dancing, irresponsible blue eyes. He had\n\nif he were being blown through life by any chance wind, the wind of his own vagaries.\r\nHis manner had just the shade of admiring familiarity which to some men\n\nseems admissible to the pretty daughter of a disreputable old innkeeper.\r\nHe peered down at the river, and then at the houses crowding along its\n\nyellow quays, mysterious behind their paint as a Frenchwoman behind her pomade and powder.\r\nThen he looked back at her with mock solemnity.\r\n\"I see nothing,\" he said.\r\n\"What did you expect to see?\"\r\n\"Something that had the honour of engaging your attention completely.\"\r\n\"I was looking at the water.\"\r\n\"Just so. But why?\"\r\n[Pg 6]She paused a moment, and then said, without any change of voice\u2014\r\n\"", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.44535934925079346, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The first book in the series of novels by the author, 'The Adventures of Annette', is a story of a young woman who has been swept up in the world of the 'Feyt'. She is unable to find her way back to the land of the free and the secluded, and she is unsure of where she will go next.", "reference_summary": "As the world around it marches forward, the bucolic English village of Notwithstanding remains unchanged. It is, as it always has been, a place of pubs and cricket pitches, where local eccentrics--a retired colonel who has eschewed clothes, a spiritualist living with the ghost of her husband, and a dog named Archibald Scott-Moncrieff--almostfit in. In this delightfully evocative collection of stories, in which a young couple falls in and out of love by letter alone, an eleven-year-old boy battles a monstrous fish, and a man of the cloth has a premonition of death, Louis de Bernieres conjures u"}
{"id": "literary_35", "title": "Myself When Young: The Shaping of a Writer", "text": "taxi have exposed to high derision.\r\nAnd it was in such a mood, after such a decision, on a wet, breathless\n\nletter addressed to me in a bright green envelope.\r\nThere is only one person who writes to me in bright green envelopes, and\n\nof the state of mind that is upon us at this late hour.\r\nSlowly I ran my eye along the shelves. There in the corner of the wall\n\nprospects. But I disclaimed the r\u00f4le of prophet.\r\n\u201cOne can\u2019t begin to guess,\u201d I said; \u201ca magazine is like a novel: it\u2019s\n\nguinea. It is, it must always be, a pure gamble.\u201d\r\nAnd I remember thinking that it was doubtless for this reason that the\n\ndinner to settle down happily before a solid scholarly review.\r\nThe editor has put his paper to bed; he leans back exhausted in his\n\n\u201cthat I haven\u2019t got to read it.\u201d\r\nThat is the problem for an editor. If he prints what he would himself\n\nthe essence of the evening that we had spent together.\r\n\u201cWe have talked,\u201d I said, \u201cmuch of cricket, of the great matches that we\n\nis{21} the sort of stuff that I would like to read in my paper.\u201d\r\nThe fire had begun to burn merrily in the grate; the warm light fell\n\nthoughts wander out of my control on their lazy, haphazard journey.{23}\r\nII\r\nABOUT a year ago my American publishers asked me to send them some\n\nhour between half-past three and tea to a \u201csiesta of sensual reverie.\u201d\r\nBut that is the way with time-tables. There would seem to be no half-way\n\nhouse. You must either scrap them or become their slave.\r\nHabits are different, though. It is nice to know that, at a certain time\n\nOctober and the end of March for more than six days on end.\r\nBut this, you will say, is folly, a supreme example of the perverse\n\nnot care. You hardly notice. You have scored a try.\r\nYou get at rugger something that you can get nowhere else. It is the\n\nnot unfittingly, perhaps, in early manhood.\r\nTo give up football is to change the pattern of your life. You will drop\n\nWhat suit was I wearing? What friend had I just seen?\r\nAnd gradually, detail by detail, I re-", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.4367859959602356, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The first book in the series of novels by the author, \"The Countess of the Count of the Rings\" is a collection of short stories written by the writer.", "reference_summary": "Pinpointing the literary influences and the first stirrings of books to be written in later years, this is Daphne du Maurier's story of her early life, in the years before she wrote her celebrated novels, Rebecca, Frenchman's Creek and Jamaica Inn. It is a relaxed evocation of her first 24 years, a world of famous names, of idyllic summers in Regent's Park and Hampstead, of dinner parties and flirtations, nocturnal excursions and grand winter holidays in Switzerland, Brittany and Paris - and the house by the river in Cornwall. The book provides clues to du Maurier's enigmatic personality and t"}
{"id": "literary_36", "title": "Pursuit", "text": "they were gone. But he couldn't let them go. If they escaped....\r\nHawkes jerked upright in his bed, gasping out a hoarse cry, and the\n\nhad to get out\u2014had to leave\u2014at once!\r\nHe forced the idea aside. There was something cloudy in his mind, but\n\nreversed it to play. But the tape seemed to be blank, or erased.\r\nHe crushed the cigarette out on a table-top where other butts lay in\n\nmail-box and taken out a letter\u2014a letter from a Professor....\r\nHis mind refused to go further. There was only a complete blank after\n\nhis mind.\r\nThey'll get you! You can't escape! Hurry, go, GO!...\r\nThe cigarette fell from his shaking hands, and he was half out of the\n\ncobweb in one corner by the mirror.\r\nHis own face shocked him. It was the same lean, sharp-featured face as\n\nbony, average-height figure shook visibly as he climbed from the bed.\r\nHawkes stood fighting himself, trying to get back in the bed, but it\n\nthrust his feet into shoes, not bothering with socks.\r\nA slip of paper fell from his coat, with big sprawled Greek letters.\n\nuntil they were behind, and he was charging out of the front door.\r\nA half-drunken couple was coming in\u2014a fat, older man and a slim girl\n\nheart could endure the next beat.\r\nAcross the street, the fat man he had hit was coming after him. Hawkes\n\nstreet a second before. They'd tried\u2014but he'd escaped in time.\r\nIt must have been a thermite bomb\u2014nothing but thermite could be that\n\nflashlight in the young man's hands pinpointed him. A yell went up.\r\n\"There he goes!\"\r\nHis feet sounded hopelessly on the sidewalk as he dashed up toward\n\ncouldn't remember? Or what spy-ring had encircled him?\r\nHe had no time to think of the questions, even. He ducked into the\n\ngroup rounded the corner, with the slim young man in the lead.\r\nTheir cries were enough. Hands reached for him from the theater crowd,\n\nbehind the train, and avoiding the the high-voltage rails.\r\nThe uptown platform held only three people, and they seemed to be too\n\nprove more dangerous. He had to chance it.\r\nHe sto", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.3472406566143036, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The story of a young woman who is a snobby, sexy, and a rebellious teenager.", "reference_summary": "Thirteen bodies are discovered inside a small Louisville restaurant just after closing time. The ferocity and apparent randomness of the crime prompt the police to call in criminology professor DanielMillikan-they want a profile of the murderer. Millikan determines that the crime was committed not by a psychopath but by a professional killer of consummate skill and total lack of feeling: \"I think that the onewho did it is one of the special cases. He's somebody we can't afford to have walking down a street where our families walk.\" When Millikan learns that the investigation has come to a comp"}
{"id": "literary_37", "title": "Pictures Of People: Alice Neels American Portrait Gallery", "text": "[Image unavailable.]\r\n THEIR PRESENCE OF MIND.\r\nThey had been in their room but a moment when they were startled by a knock.\n\n[Image unavailable.]\r\n \u201cDid I understand you to say, John, that the tenor married the contralto?\u201c\r\n\u201cYes. The choir was to be disbanded, and that was the only means of continuing their quarrel.\u201c\n\n[Image unavailable.]\r\n The Doctor: Did you give my note to Mrs. Barton?\r\n\u201cGreat Scott! I thought it was a prescription and made it up for her.\u201c\n\n[Image unavailable.]\r\n Sympathetic plain friend to inconsolable young widow: The last time I met your dear husband he stopped and spoke to me with such a sunny greeting that I was the happier for it all day long.\r\nYoung widow (still oblivious to everything except her loss): Yes, that was just like dear David. There was no woman so humble or homely, or unattractive, or dull, but that he could find something pleasant to say to her, and would take pains to say it.\u2014\n\n[Image unavailable.]\r\n EXTRACT FROM THE WILL.\r\n\u201cAnd I further direct that in the event of the remarriage of my said wife Sophia, all her share and interest in the aforesaid capital sum\n\n[Image unavailable.]\r\n AT THREE IN THE AFTERNOON.\r\n\u201cHello, old man! Been up all night?\u201c\r\n\u201cNo; I\u2019m going to take a Harlem girl to a theatre party in Brooklyn.\u201c\n\n[Image unavailable.]\r\n THE POWER OF LOVE.\r\nThere was a silence deep as death;\r\nAnd the boldest held his breath,\r\nFor a time. Campbell.\n\nbe politic, I suppose.\r\n\u201cNo, don\u2019t you do it! After he\u2019d won all your money he\u2019d never let us marry.\u201c\n\n\u201cThe wrong man? But that is vague. Who is the wrong man?\u201c\r\n\u201cThe man a girl marries, of course.\u201c\r\n{77}\n\n[Image unavailable.]\r\n THAT SON-IN-LAW.\r\n\u201cPapa, George says he is very much worried about his income.\u201c\r\n\u201cI shouldn\u2019t think he would worry about a little thing like that.\u201c\n\n[Image unavailable.]\r\n \u201cIf we go to Europe, Cynthia, I don\u2019t want you to marry any of them counts or dukes. You\n\n[Image unavailable.]\r\n A CHILD OF FORTUNE.\r\nHe: I came within an ace of running over a lady t", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.6205499768257141, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.5044184923171997, "generated_summary": "The epoch of the first novel, \"The Last Word,\" is a story of a young woman who has been swept up in the world of the arts. She is unable to find her way back to the world she was born into. Her life is shattered when she is swept away by the world's most powerful man.", "reference_summary": "In this generously illustrated and vibrant chronicle of the life and work of prolific painter and bohemian eccentric Alice Neel, Pamela Allara shows how portraits from a career spanning the 1920s to the 1970s constitute a virtual gallery of American cultural history. While some of Neel's portraits graced the covers of publications like Ms. and Time, most of her subjects were unknowns -- the marginalized, the disenfranchised, the oppressed.\n\"Every person is a new universe unique with its own laws,\" Neel once said, but these arresting images of Greenwich Village intelligentsia, of Latinos and La"}
{"id": "literary_38", "title": "The Miracle", "text": "been working to discover the secret of time travel.\"\r\nHis audience was suddenly tense. Professor Dane was loved and respected\n\nIf he said a thing could be done there was no mistake.\r\nThe chemist broke the silence. \"You've succeeded?\" he asked. \"You've\n\nmade experiments that show\u2014\"\r\nThe old man shook his head. \"No, not yet. But I'm close to it. I know I\n\nthe grim curtain of the future, or the past.\r\nAlmost as though to himself, he went on, \"I've often wondered what\n\npast or the future, and it concerns Ruth Vincent!\"\r\nAlan's hands were gripping the arms of his chair. These things which\n\nthis apprehension that something was left undone....\r\n\"I'm going to ask Alan now to carry on for me,\" his grandfather\n\nhim to feel the things I've been feeling\u2014\"\r\n\"Oh, I do!\" Alan exclaimed. \"I'll do what I can, grandfather. I'd have\n\nweirdly distorted scene before him.\r\nWhere should he stop? And what would he find?\r\nAlan's imagination went back to the scene when his grandfather had\n\nhis hand on the control switch of the time traveler.\r\nHe was voyaging backward into time! So strange a thing\u2014and so simple\n\nonly be aware of that forward-moving instant which we call the present.\r\nAnd old Professor Dane's fundamental conception\u2014certainly it could now\n\ndown to the broad Hudson River a few hundred feet away.\r\nIt was a strange transition indeed. And yet to Alan Dane, the\n\nseized him three years before would leave him, his task completed.\r\nAlan glanced again at the time-dial. The transition was slowing now; he\n\nthe apparatus itself were dictating his stopping point.\r\nAnd then the date 1650 flashed into his mind. That was when he had to\n\nstop. It was as though he'd always known it....\r\nWas this a cave, here at his back? He was aware that he was sitting at\n\nwhich he could see the broad, gray river.\r\nAn instant later he shoved the lever to shut off the current. The shock\n\nstrands.\r\nTerrified, wide-eyed with utter astonishment, they mutely gaped at Alan.\r\n\"Well,\" he said at last. \"Do you speak Eng", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.21498826146125793, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The story of a young woman who is a chemist and has been working to discover the secret of time travel.", "reference_summary": "A full-color children's book that tells the story of a young girl who finds a tiny, blue speckled egg in the roots of an old oak tree. A discussion with her mother results in the child understanding the miracle and awe of life before birth. A gentle introduction to the concept of sanctity of life from the moment of conception. Written for ages 5-10 years, with full-color photographs throughout."}
{"id": "literary_39", "title": "Free Air", "text": "swastikaed leader had been stuck and\u2014\r\nAnd instantly her own car was stuck.\r\nShe had had to put the car at that hole. It dropped,\n\nYou told me to put on chains. I didn't. I deserve it.\"\r\n\"Well, anyway, most men would be cussing. You\n\nand crawl around in the mud, and play turtle for you.\"\r\n[9]\"No. I'm quite all right. I did feel frightfully\n\nshe could hear the vertebrae click in her tense neck.\r\nHer father was silent, a misty figure in a lap-robe.\n\ndoor, which flapped dismally in response.\r\n\"Ja?\" from within.\r\nShe rapped again.\r\n\"Hinein!\"\r\nShe opened the door on a kitchen, the highlight of\n\ndrained face were the easy tears of the slave women.\r\n\"Oh, miss, I don't know vot I should do. My boys\n\nget another harness!\" Claire shrieked.\r\n\"Fife-fifty dot will be, in all.\" Zolzac grinned.\r\nClaire was standing in front of him. She was\n\n\"Don't I get nothing I break de harness?\"\r\n\"Sure. You get ten\u2014years! And you get out!\"\r\nFrom thirty yards up the road, Zolzac flung back,\n\npower to yours. Have you a tow-rope?\"\r\n\"No. I never thought of bringing one.\"\r\n\"I'll get mine.\"\r\nShe walked with him back toward his bug. It\n\nraised his head, glanced at her, and he was blushing again.\r\n\"Her name is Vere de Vere!\" he confessed. Then\n\nbrush yourself?\"\r\n\"Yes. Horrid wet!\"\r\nHe merely shook his head in commiseration.\r\nHe fastened the tow-rope to the rear axle of his\n\nwe came through back about twelve miles?\"\r\n\"Schoenstrom?\" suggested Milt.\r\n\"Yes, I think that was it. Didn't we pass you or\n\neats\u2014\u2014\"\r\n\"A\u2014\u2014\"\r\n\"I mean, did you get dinner there?\"\r\n\"No. I wish we had!\"\r\n\"Well say, I didn't either, and\u2014I'd be awfully glad\n\nOh\u2014sweet! Are you going far, Mr. Daggett?\"\r\n\"Yes, quite a ways. To Seattle, Washington.\"\r\n\"Oh, really? Extraordinary. We're going there,\n\nand was gone.\r\nThe rainy road was bleakly empty without him.\r\nIt did not seem possible that Claire's body could be\n\nAdolph Zolzac's?\"\r\n\"Yes. And Mr. Zolzac wasn't very nice about it.\"\r\n\"He's going to be just elegant about it, now, and\n\nsurprise part", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.536129355430603, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The story of a young woman who is a swastikaed leader. She is the daughter of swarthy, a slave woman who was a tow-rope driver. She has been a member of the swaggering saga of the slave women.", "reference_summary": "Poetry by Joe Wenke. Joe has written several books including: Mailer's America, You Got to Be Kidding! A Radical Satire of The Bible, Papal Bull: An Ex-Catholic Calls Out the Catholic Church, The Talk Show, a Novel (October 2014) and The Human Agenda: Conversations about Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity (January 2015)"}
{"id": "literary_40", "title": "Public Speaking", "text": "self-training when he was quite a grown man.\r\n\"I owe my success in life to one single fact, namely, at the\n\nof the speaker, and his effect upon his audience, or upon you.\r\n3. Explain how children learn to speak.\r\n4. From your observation give the class an account of\n\nremarks, show the value of public speaking.\r\n6. Of what value is public speaking to women?\r\n7. What effects upon speeches by women will universal\n\nshow how an ability to speak may be of value in it.\r\n9. Choose some business position, and show how an\n\nschool; in business; in other careers.\r\n13. Explain the operation of a dictaphone.\r\n14. How can training in public speaking help an applicant\n\nit:\r\n1. To write it out in full and read it.\r\n2. To write it out in full and commit it to memory.\r\n3. To write out and memorize the opening and\n\nthe headings in logical order.\r\n5. To speak without manuscript or notes.\r\nReading the Speech. The first of these methods\u2014to\n\nin the fool that uses it. Go make you ready.\r\nEXERCISES\r\n1. 'Neath our feet broke the brittle bright stubble like\n\nthe third, pestilent.\r\n3. Our ardors are ordered by our enthusiasms.\r\n4. She's positively sick of seeing her soiled, silk, Sunday\n\ndress.\r\n5. The rough cough and hiccough plowed me through.\r\n6. She stood at the gate welcoming him in.\r\n7. Five miles meandering with a mazy motion.\r\n8. Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers: if Peter\n\n12.Tomorrow and tomorrow and tomorrow\r\nCreeps in this petty pace from day to day\r\nTo the last syllable of recorded time.\n\nsaid, 'a trained ear,' as distinctly as could be.\"\r\nThe discussion began to warm up, and in the midst of it\n\nHear the tolling of the bells\u2014\r\nIron bells!\r\nWhat a world of solemn thought their monody compels!\r\nIn the silence of the night,\r\nHow we shiver with affright\r\nAt the melancholy menace of their tone!\r\nFor every sound that floats\r\n[34]\r\nFrom the rust within their throats\r\nIs a groan.\r\nAnd the people\u2014ah, the people\u2014\r\nThey that dwell up in the steeple,\r\nAll alone,\r\nAnd who, tolling, t", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.716891884803772, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.5162374973297119, "generated_summary": "The first book in the series of novels by American author and journalist Roberta Sullivan, this is the first book to be published in the United States. It is the second book to have been published in Canada, and the third to be Published in the U. S.", "reference_summary": "This book emphasises the how and why of public speaking. Instructors who prefer a practical approach appreciate the Osborns' early focus on delivering the first speech, as well as numerous practical tips throughout the text in the form of Speaker's Notes. The Osborns use the best of classical and contemporary rhetorical theory in addressing the problems of the public speaker. Ancillary package available upon adoption."}
{"id": "literary_41", "title": "Smuggler: A Suspenseful Bad Boy Romance", "text": "brutal crimes on record suffered the punishment they so well merited.\r\nHappily, my dear sir, a dedication, in these days, is no compliment;\n\na good deal of the wooden clock about the mechanism of society.\r\nOne of the parts in which rudeness of construction and coarseness of\n\nof either delicately tripped up by some one you did not see.\r\nStill this difference was more apparent in the system of smuggling\n\nBritish coast, with very little let or hindrance.\r\nAs there are land-sharks and water-sharks, so were there then (and so\n\ngardens gave exit to the country with as little delay as possible.\r\nOf all counties, however, the most favoured by nature and by art for\n\nof convicting a smuggler, unless captured in flagrant delict.\r\nWere it only our object to depict the habits and manners of these\n\nof the lateral valleys, or strayed out into the plain.\r\nOn the northern side of the county, a considerable extent of flat\n\nleafy season, almost the look of a forest partially cleared.\r\nAlong the southern edge, then, of the hills we have mentioned, and in\n\nbetoken a rather hasty and irascible spirit.\r\nHe had not been in the coach more than a minute and a half--but was\n\ngaze which he fixed upon it, to study it attentively.\r\nThe second of the two gentlemen I have mentioned entered immediately\n\nmachine moved heavily out, and rolled away towards Westminster Bridge.\r\nThe lights which were under the archway had enabled the travellers to\n\nthey had now ceased speaking, he said--\r\n\"A beautiful day, gentlemen. I was sure it would be so when we set\n\nblack. \"An old proverb and a bad almanack.\"\r\n\"Indeed!\" exclaimed the other. \"I should have thought it a very good\n\nlead them right, that the proportion is vastly against them.\"\r\n\"If such be their course of proceeding, the result will be naturally\n\nnight, and a precious number of horses' eggs they have found!\"\r\nThus commenced a conversation which lasted for some time, and in which\n\nheads to the window, and examined the animals with a scrutinizing eye.\r\n", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.8042435050010681, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.5248872637748718, "generated_summary": "The first book in the series of novels by the author, a collection of short stories and essays by the writer, whose main subject is the history of the English Civil War.", "reference_summary": "A shy young woman, a mysterious smuggler, a steamy Caribbean adventure...\nWith university behind her, Jessica Densley is on one last vacation before starting her safe, uneventful career as a geologist. She's perfectly happy just lounging by the pool but her wild friend Daphne will have none of it. While out exploring, she disappears!\nAt her wits end, Jessica has no choice but to team up with the mysterious Ryker Prins, a man everybody on Curacao respects... and fears.\nAs dangerous men are after them, Jessica will need to learn to trust Ryker in spite of his deep secrets. But mostly, she will n"}
{"id": "literary_42", "title": "Mahatma Gandhi", "text": "who become One with Him:\r\n\"He is the One Luminous, Creator of All,\r\nMahatma,\r\nAlways in the hearts of the people enshrined.\r\nRevealed through Love, Intuition, and Thought,\r\nWhoever knows Him, Immortal becomes....\"\r\nTagore, on a visit to Ashram, Gandhi's favorite retreat, quoted\n\nread the Vedas and the Upanishads in translation only.[8]\r\nWhile still a boy he passed through a severe religious crisis. Shocked\n\nprescribe abstention from wine, meat, and sexual intercourse.\r\nHe arrived in London in September, 1888, and after the first few months\n\nHe realized that for him salvation could lie only in Hinduism.[11]\r\nHe returned to India in 1891, a rather sad home-coming, for his mother\n\nthis magic word of ahimsa, the sublime message of India to the world.\r\n\u00a7 3\r\nGandhi's activity may be divided into two periods. From 1898 to 1914 its\n\nfield was South Africa; from 1914 to 1922, India.\r\nThat Gandhi could carry on the South-African campaign for more than\n\nlynching, all under cover of \"white\" civilization.\r\nIn 1893 Gandhi was called to Pretoria on an important case. He was not\n\nin 1908. This pamphlet on Indian home rule is the gospel of heroic love.\r\nFor twenty years the struggle lasted, reaching its bitterest phase from\n\nworkers. After twenty years of sacrifice non-resistance was triumphant.\r\n\u00a7 4\r\nWhen Gandhi returned to India he had the prestige of a leader.\r\nSince the beginning of the century the movement for Indian independence\n\nwas a great Indian patriot, although he believed in loyalty to England.\r\nAlthough the Indian Congress, reflecting general sentiment, was in favor\n\nfour years ago is our battle.[24]\r\n\u00a7 5\r\nIt should be noted that when Gandhi stepped into the political field as\n\nday to seek inspiration and strength to carry on the work above.\r\nGandhi believes in the religion of his people, in Hinduism. But he is\n\nrejection of any of the essential things of Hinduism.[29]\r\nWhat are the essential things in which Gandhi believes? In an article\n\nwritten October 6,1921, Gandhi", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Philosophy", "topic_confidence": 0.38726043701171875, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The Indian Congress is a political party that has been in power for centuries. Its members are the most powerful and influential in the world. They have been the leaders of the Indian Congress since the beginning of the nineteenth century. They are the leaders who have fought for the independence of India. They were the leaders that have pushed for the freedom of the people.", "reference_summary": "A biographical account of the man who became one with the universal being. Gandhi is considered the father of India and was an Indian nationalist and spiritual leader. The literal translation of Mahatma, the name which the people of India gave to Gandhi, is \"the great soul.\" This word goes back to the Upanishads, where it is used in speaking of the Supreme Being, and through communion of knowledge and love, those who become one with Him."}
{"id": "literary_43", "title": "Aristophanes: An Introduction", "text": "humorist, or the more trenchant weapons of satire.\r\nBut although this Athenian comedy is, in one sense, so very modern in\n\nin his vocation, and, above all things, not to be dull.\r\nIt may be right to say a word here, very briefly, as to the coarseness\n\nprinciple, but also a direct personal object.\r\nIt is now the eighth year of the Peloponnesian War, in which all Greece\n\nother of the author\u2019s productions which have reached us.\r\nThis play follows the fashion of the Athenian stage in taking its name\n\nat present) who rule him for their own selfish ends.\r\nThe characters represented are only five. \u201cPeople\u201d is a rich\n\nDemus\u2019s house, the entrance to which is in the centre of the proscenium.\r\nThe two slaves, Nicias and Demosthenes, come out rubbing their\n\n\u201cDem. (to the audience.) Well, come now! I\u2019ll tell ye about it\u2014Here are we,\r\nA couple of servants\u2014with a master at home\r\nNext door to the hustings. He\u2019s a man in years,\r\nA kind of a bean-fed,[8] husky, testy character,\r\nCholeric and brutal at times, and partly deaf.\r\nIt\u2019s near about a month now, that he went\r\nAnd bought a slave out of a tanner\u2019s yard,\r\nA Paphlagonian born, and brought him home,\u2014\r\nAs wicked a slanderous wretch as ever lived.\r\nThis fellow, the Paphlagonian, has found out{19}\r\nThe blind side of our master\u2019s understanding,\r\nWith fawning and wheedling in this kind of way:\r\n\u2018Would not you please go to the bath, sir? surely\r\nIt\u2019s not worth while to attend the courts to-day.\u2019\r\nAnd\u2014\u2018Would not you please to take a little refreshment?\r\nAnd there\u2019s that nice hot broth\u2014and here\u2019s the threepence\r\nYou left behind you\u2014and would not you order supper?\u2019\r\nMoreover, when we get things out of compliment\r\nAs a present for our master, he contrives\r\nTo snatch \u2019em and serve \u2019em up before our faces.\r\nI\u2019d made a Spartan cake at Pylos lately,\r\nAnd mixed and kneaded it well, and watched the baking;\r\nBut he stole round before me and served it up:[9]\r\nAnd he never allows us to come near our master\r\nTo speak a word; but stands behind his ba", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.4533423185348511, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The play follows the fashion of the Athenian stage in taking its name at present) who rule him for their own selfish ends.", "reference_summary": "This accessible introduction to the work of one of the world's greatest comic writers tackles key questions posed by Aristophanes' plays, such as staging, humour, songs, obscene language, politics and the modern translation and performance of Aristophanic comedy. The book opens up exciting and contentious areas of Aristophanic scholarship in a way that is engaging and readily comprehensible to a non-specialist audience, never losing sight of the fact that Aristophanes' plays are vibrant literary texts, designed primarily to appeal to a classical Athenian audience as pieces of living drama. Key"}
{"id": "literary_44", "title": "Lola: A Tiny Fairy Learns the Power of Forgiveness", "text": "World Film Corporation Presents\r\nCLARA KIMBALL YOUNG\r\nin \u201cLOLA\u201d by Owen Davis\r\nA SHUBERT FEATURE\r\nPHOTO-PLAY IN FIVE ACTS\r\nCAST OF CHARACTERS\n\nmind, you shall see.\u201d\r\n\u201cYou really think so, father?\u201d\r\n\u201cI know it! After last night I shall never doubt it\n\nus, Maria; he says it is going to make us rich.\u201d\r\n\u201cI hope so, I\u2019m sure. There\u2019s lots of little things\n\nought to have the most money!\u201d\r\n\u201cDon\u2019t get his egg too hard.\u201d\r\n\u201cNo, Miss, it will be just like he wants it.\u201d\r\nWhen the Doctor returned he found everything\n\nfather, as he helped himself to a second piece of toast.\r\n\u201cI am trying my best,\u201d answered Lola, \u201cbut she\n\nhim all my life, and now I am really going to see him.\u201d\r\n\u201cI, myself,\u201d said the Doctor, \u201chave only seen him\n\nthis,\u201d assumed her father.\r\n\u201cWell,\u201d replied Lola rather timidly, \u201cI have my suspicions.\u201d\r\n\u201cOh, this love business,\u201d groaned the Doctor in\n\nfor a moment that it must be Dick Fenway.\u201d\r\n\u201cFather,\u201d she protested, \u201cit isn\u2019t at all like you to be\n\nher mother and of what her love had been to him.\r\nIn all the world I think there is no stronger tie, no\n\nI can\u2019t read it.\u201d Lola turned quickly to her.\r\n\u201cShall I read it for you?\u201d\r\n\u201cThank you, Miss, I knew you would, but I\u2019d be\n\nyou to me, so no more from,\r\n\u201c\u2018Yours respectfully,\r\n\u201c\u2018Wm. Barnes.\u2019\u201d\r\n\u201cAin\u2019t that a fine letter?\u201d said Maria, with great\n\nappreciate all he tells about the countries he visits.\u201d\r\n\u201cIt is a very fine letter, I am sure, Maria, and he\n\nAn ill woman lies in bed, surrouned by children. A man greets a young woman.\r\nLOLA VISITS THE MOONEY FAMILY.\n\ngreat his fear was of her father, she had none at all.\r\n\u201cOh, yes,\u201d she replied, smiling, \u201cand he is perfectly\n\nof the bone, but father hopes to be able to help her.\u201d\r\n\u201cPoor little girl,\u201d said John, as he offered her a\n\nout to her, but she shrank back, afraid.\r\n\u201cOh, no! Why, you just got them yourself.\u201d\r\n\u201cHe doesn\u2019t mind, do you?\u201d Lola demanded of\n\nmyself to a jealous old Ogre, am I?\u201d she inquired.\r\n\u201cFenway,\u201d said John bluntly, \u201chas a wife in Cleveland.\u201d\r\nThe Doc", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.5368072390556335, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The story of a young woman who is a snobby, ill woman and a man who is perfectly of the bone.", "reference_summary": "Lola, A fairy in the Enchanted Forest meets a troll that is in a desperate state. In her attempt to help, she finds herself in trouble with no way out! Tibble the troll is convinced that the tiny fairy is the answer to everything he wants but finds out that being an angry troll gets him nowhere. In the end Lola realized that the power of forgiveness can change her heart as well as the trolls.\n\"Lola is a truly enchanting story with characters that will grab a child's attention from the first page. This story is filled with teachable moments about treating others kindly and forgiveness. The disc"}
{"id": "literary_45", "title": "The Red Inn", "text": "In I know not what year a Parisian banker, who had very extensive\r\n      commercial relations with Germany, was entertaining at dinner one of those\r\n      friends whom men of business often make in the markets of the world\r\n      through correspondence; a man hitherto personally unknown to him. This\r\n      friend, the head of a rather important house in Nuremburg, was a stout\r\n      worthy German, a man of taste and erudition, above all a man of pipes,\r\n      having a fine, broad, Nuremburgian face, with a square open forehead\r\n      adorned by a few sparse locks of yellowish hair. He was the type of the\r\n      sons of that pure and noble Germany, so fertile in honorable natures,\r\n      whose peaceful manners and morals have never been lost, even after seven\r\n      invasions.\n\nThis stranger laughed with simplicity, listened attentively, and drank\r\n      remarkably well, seeming to like champagne as much perhaps as he liked his\r\n      straw-colored Johannisburger. His name was Hermann, which is that of most\r\n      Germans whom authors bring upon their scene. Like a man who does nothing\r\n      frivolously, he was sitting squarely at the banker's table and eating with\r\n      that Teutonic appetite so celebrated throughout Europe, saying, in fact, a\r\n      conscientious farewell to the cookery of the great Careme.\n\nTo do honor to his guest the master of the house had invited a few\r\n      intimate friends, capitalists or merchants, and several agreeable and\r\n      pretty women, whose pleasant chatter and frank manners were in harmony\r\n      with German cordiality. Really, if you could have seen, as I saw, this\r\n      joyous gathering of persons who had drawn in their commercial claws, and\r\n      were speculating only on the pleasures of life, you would have found no\r\n      cause to hate usurious discounts, or to curse bankruptcies. Mankind can't\r\n      always be doing evil. Even in the society of pirates one might find a few\r\n      sweet hours during which we could fancy", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.49045729637145996, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The first book in the series of novels by the author, \"The Last Word\" is a collection of short stories written by the writer. It is based on the novel of the same name by the same author, and is adapted from the novel.", "reference_summary": "When I had long examined that puzzling face I began to reflect about it. \"Is he ill?\" I said to myself. \"Has he drunk too much wine? Is he ruined by a drop in the Funds? Is he thinking how to cheat his creditors?\""}
{"id": "literary_46", "title": "Criminal", "text": "Appendix\u2014\r\nA. Explanation of Plates\r\n303\r\nB. The Congress of Criminal Anthropology at Paris\r\n307\r\nC. The International Association of Penal Law\r\n316\r\nD. Some Cases of Criminality\r\n318\r\nE. Elmira\r\n329\n\nperson who cares about the reasonable organisation of social life.\r\nI would willingly have given the task to abler hands. But I found no one\n\nfirst of all, to enumerate the chief varieties.\r\nThere is the political criminal. By this term is meant the victim of an\n\ncomplain that he in his turn becomes the victim of a social reaction.\r\nWe have also the insane criminal; that is to say, the person who, being\n\nborderland of crime, which in a minor degree are far from uncommon.\r\nI will now give, in some detail, the history of a more decisive and\n\nto think that Dr. Griffiths regarded him with dislike or suspicion.\r\nThe child seems then to have been born of a failing and degenerating\n\nbe able to put our hands on some definite organically morbid spot.\r\nThe instinctive criminal, in his fully developed form, is a moral monster.\n\nmonster. It is not, however, always possible to make these distinctions.\r\nThe professional criminal, though not of modern development, adapts\n\ncauses and nature of this vast field of crime may be approached.\r\n[Pg 24]There are, first, the cosmic causes of crime; that is to say, all the\n\n[Pg 26]\r\nCHAPTER II.\r\nTHE STUDY OF THE CRIMINAL.\r\nWhen Homer described Thersites as ugly and deformed, with harsh or scanty\n\n\u03c6\u03bf\u03b6\u1f78\u03c2 \u1f14\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u1f74\u03bd, \u03c8\u03b5\u03b4\u03bd\u1f74 \u03b4\u2019 \u1f10\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03ae\u03bd\u03bf\u03b8\u03b5 \u03bb\u03ac\u03c7\u03bd\u03b7\r\n\u2014he furnished evidence as to the existence of a criminal type of man.\n\nworse than the itch.\u201d Such are a few that might be easily increased.\r\nAt a very early period such popular generalisations as these were embodied\n\nmost important moment in the development of our knowledge of the brain.\r\nBefore speaking of Gall, however, it is necessary to give a word, in\n\nthe effects of its varying development on the skull.\r\nFor Gall the varying development of the brain was the cause of the\n\nLes Fonctions du Cerveau (1822)", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.23791028559207916, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The emergence of the criminal as a moral monster is discussed in detail.", "reference_summary": "A record of all the beauty, misery, and degradation of a life fully embraced. This is a collection of the writings of Isabelle Eberhardt, gender deviant, kif smoking, sufi anarchist who traverses the Saharan desert, battles colonialism and records it all in poetic prose. A gorgeously designed and printed small pamphlet from the always-superlative Eberhardt Press. (via justseeds.org)"}
{"id": "literary_47", "title": "Smoky the Cow Horse", "text": "unacquainted with, no good would ever come of the meeting.\r\nWith me, my weakness lays towards the horse. My life, from the time\n\nfooted or tired, and he'll keep on a going for the human till he drops.\r\nThe horse is not appreciated and never will be appreciated enough,\u2014few\n\nis just a horse, but all horse, and that I think is enough said.\r\nAs for Clint, the cowboy who \"started\" Smoky, he's no exception either.\n\nwhat can show feelings for a horse the same as Clint done.\r\nBut Smoky met other humans besides Clint, many others, and of all\n\nI.A Range Colt\r\nII.Smoky Meets the Human\r\nIII.Where the Trails Fork\r\nIV.The End of a Rope\r\nV.The Bronc Twister Steps Up\r\nVI.\"The Squeak of Leather\"\r\nVII.Smoky Shows His Feelings\r\nVIII.Smoky Starts Out\r\nIX.Fights for Rights\r\nX.\"Amongst the Missing\"\r\nXI.\"The Feel of a Strange Hand\"\r\nXII.\"When the Good Leaves\"\r\nXIII.\"A Many-Men Horse\"\r\nXIV.\"Dark Clouds, then Tall Grass\"\n\nprairie butte where Smoky the colt was foaled.\r\n\"Smoky\" wouldn't have fitted the colt as a name just then on account\n\ntell that's just what he was trying to do.\r\nThat was the starting of Smoky. Pretty soon his ears begin to work\n\nagain with a heap better result than the first time.\r\nOne good thing called for another and natural like he made a sudden\n\nquivered and buckled at the elbow, and the whole works went down.\r\nHe layed there flat on his side and breathing hard, his mammy nickered\n\nfastened to his body and which kept a spraddling out in all directions.\r\nThe first thing to do was to gather 'em under him and try again, he did\n\nof his strength and them long legs of his was doing a heap of shaking.\r\nAll would of been well maybe, only his mammy nickered \"that's a good\n\ncame fast. Smoky was an hour and a half old and up to Stay.\r\nThe rest of that day was full of events for Smoky, he explored the\n\nbetween feeds would sure make him fit to cover a lot of territory.\r\nThere wasn't a move out of him till the sun was well up and beginning\n\nagain. Smoky was ready for another day.\r\n", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.38301658630371094, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "Clint, the cowboy who \"started\" Smoky, is no exception a horse.", "reference_summary": "Smoky knows only one way of life: freedom. Living on the open range, he is free to go where he wants and do what he wants. And being a smart colt, he learns what he must in order to survive. He can beat any enemy whether it be a rattlesnake or a hungry wolf. He is as much a part of the Wild West as it is of him, and Smokey can't imagine anything else.\nBut then he comes across a new enemy, one that walks on two legs and makes funny sounds. Smoky can't beat this enemy like he has all the others. But does he really want to beat it? Or could giving up some of his freedom mean getting something els"}
{"id": "literary_48", "title": "Modern French Philosophy: A Study of the Development Since Comte", "text": "\u201cfoci.\u201d These respective centres are indicated by Destutt de Tracy,[2] the disciple of Condillac on the one hand, and by\n\nprofessed by Cousin and officially favoured in France at that time.[6] By his adverse criticism of Cousin and the Eclectic\n\ninterest displayed in his work (due partly to the work of Bichat[17]), and in his idea of a Travail de Cr\u00e9ation.\n\nbelief, or certainty, we must turn to the will to create beliefs, for no evidence or previous truths exist for us.\n\nsame act, which is both present to each moment and above them all.[39] Here psychology appears as the science of\n\naussi bien pour les corps vivants que pour les corps bruts.\u201d[4] In Taine and the school of scientists like Bernard,\n\nmeasure would be to moralise our modern notion of the state.[10] In the notes to his last chapter of the Nouvelle\n\nbeing those of education or mental development and the \u201cright to work.\u201d[1] He foresaw, as did Renan, that Culture and Economic\n\nstatement of his ethical doctrines was not written until the year 1907,[29] but long before the conclusion of the nineteenth\n\nrealisation. This is the great need of our time, Fouill\u00e9e rightly urges.[31] Such a morality contains in a more concentrated\n\ncan stretch out a hand to him who weeps at our feet.\u201d[34] In other words, we must do the duty that lies\n\nopinion, than the rigorism of a Kant or the \u201cscholastic\u201d[35] temper of a Renouvier. Charity or love for all men,\n\nRoman Church, and it was equally obnoxious in its tyrannical attitude.[11] While it professed to express humanity and love as\n\nbut we must refrain from all that savours of anti- religious fanaticism.[33] He himself speaks with great respect of a\n\nSome monographs on Bergson: Le Roy (1912), Maritain (1914) in France, Meckauer (1917) in Germany, and for the English reader Lindsay (1911), Stewart (1911), Carr (1912), Cunningham (1916), and Gunn (1920).\n\nIn the latest edition the complete Essais de Critique g\u00e9n\u00e9rale are only ten volumes, as follows: Logic, 2; Psychology, 2; Pri", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.5069920420646667, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The epoch of the French Revolution is a time when the world was dominated by the bourgeoisie. The revolution was a period of political and economic turmoil, and the emergence of the communist regime was accompanied by the rise of the fascist movement.", "reference_summary": "Excerpt from Modern French Philosophy: A Study of the Development Since Comte\nAbout the Publisher\nForgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com\nThis book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority "}
{"id": "literary_49", "title": "The Road to Oz (Oz, #5)", "text": "Joslyn Stanton Baum\r\nimage not available\r\nTo my readers: Well, my dears, here is what you have asked for: another\n\nand the writer cannot change it much without spoiling it.\r\nIn the preface to \"Dorothy and the Wizard in Oz\" I said I would like to\n\nplease the children I shall try to respect their wishes.\r\nThere are some new characters in this book that ought to win your love.\n\nyou write and tell me how you like them.\r\nSince this book was written I have received some very remarkable news\n\nbook will be the last story that will ever be told about the Land of Oz.\r\nL Frank Baum.\r\nCoronado, 1909.\r\nimage not available\n\n1.The Way to Butterfield\r\n2.Dorothy Meets Button-bright\r\n3.A Queer Village\r\n4.King Dox\r\n5.The Rainbow's Daughter\r\n6.The City of Beasts\r\n7.The Shaggy Man's Transformation\r\n8.The Musicker\r\n9.Facing the Scoodlers\r\n10.Escaping the Soup-kettle\r\n11.Johnny Dooit Does It\r\n12.The Deadly Desert Crossed\r\n13.The Truth Pond\r\n14.Tik-Tok and Billina\r\n15.The Emperor's Tin Castle\r\n16.Visiting the Pumpkin-Field\r\n17.The Royal Chariot Arrives\r\n18.The Emerald City\r\n19.The Shaggy Man's Welcome\r\n20.Princess Ozma of Oz\r\n21.Dorothy Receives the Guests\r\n22.Important Arrivals\r\n23.The Grand Banquet\r\n24.The Birthday Celebration\n\ntwinkle in his eye that seemed pleasant.\r\n\"Oh, yes,\" she replied; \"I can tell you. But it isn't this road at all.\"\r\n\"No?\"\r\n\"You cross the ten-acre lot, follow the lane to the highway, go north to\n\nthe five branches, and take\u2014let me see\u2014\"\r\n\"To be sure, miss; see as far as Butterfield, if you like,\" said the\n\nbranch by the gopher holes; or else\u2014\u2014\"\r\n\"Won't any of 'em do, miss?\"\r\n\"'Course not, Shaggy Man. You must take the right road to get to\n\nButterfield.\"\r\n\"And is that the one by the gopher stump, or\u2014\u2014\"\r\n\"Dear me!\" cried Dorothy; \"I shall have to show you the way; you're so\n\nstupid. Wait a minute till I run in the house and get my sunbonnet.\"\r\nThe shaggy man waited. He had an oat-straw in his mouth, which he chewed\n\nthem.\r\n\"My, but you're clumsy!\" said the little g", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.7150567173957825, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.5164612531661987, "generated_summary": "The story of Dorothy and her famished family is told in the context of the Ozma legend.", "reference_summary": "Meet Dorothy's new friends, the Shaggy Man, Button Bright and Polychrome, as you travel with them to the Emerald City. Share their adventures with the Musicker and the Scoodlers. See how they escape from the Soup-Kettle and what they found at the Truth Pond. Find out how they are able to cross the Deadly Desert and finally get to the Emerald City of Oz."}
{"id": "literary_50", "title": "The Puppet Show of Memory", "text": "irradiated the nursery to me for at least two years.\r\nThe curtain then falls and rises again on the nursery of\n\nthe devil to compel him to cry out: \u201cVerweile, Du bist sch\u00f6n.\u201d\r\nIt is the moment that the great poets have sometimes caught\n\nof triumph in the tears; attrition, perhaps, but no contrition.\r\nWhen we got to be a little older \u2026 older than what? I\n\nsaw why, although no doubt he enjoyed the riddle.\r\nI have already said that I cannot fix any line of division\n\nwhich must have belonged to the pre-schoolroom period.\r\nOne incident which stands out clearly in my mind is that of\n\nwould take to save enough sixpences to make fifty shillings.\r\nOne evening, when we were at Coombe, in the summer, I was\n\nwhich she recited, rolling her eyes in a menacing attitude.\r\n\u201cLord Ullin\u2019s Daughter,\u201d said with the help of Susan, whose\n\nclaret, and a water biscuit. She also taught other families.\r\nAt Coombe the schoolroom looked out on the lawn, a long, flat\n\nof bees, and a smell of summer, tea-roses and of hayfields.\r\nOn certain days of the week Mademoiselle Ida Henry used to\n\nthe dream that I would be a violinist, but I showed no aptitude.\r\nMy first music lesson I received from Mademoiselle Ida over\n\nsometimes they used to listen when Ch\u00e9rie read aloud after tea.\r\nEchoes of the popular songs of the day reached both the\n\nwhere is my little wee Dog?\u201d with its haunting refrain.\r\nLater we used to sing in chorus and dancing a pas de trois, a\n\nhappiness.\r\nBut I will begin with London first.\r\nThis was the routine of life. We all had breakfast at nine\n\nHouse, and Hugo was five years old and still in the nursery.\r\nAfter breakfast, at about a quarter to ten, my father drove\n\nlasted from eleven, I think, till two, in the schoolroom.\r\nThe schoolroom was a long room with three windows looking\n\nDorothy used to say that Mr. Gladstone was a dreadful man.\r\nMr. Alfred Montgomery was a luncheon visitor, and one\n\nher a pound she would learn it in a month\u2019s time (and she did).\r\nThere were two courses at l", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.5614423751831055, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.5006397366523743, "generated_summary": "The first book in the series of books by the author, a collection of short stories and poems by the poets, is a story of a young woman who is swept away by the world of poetry. She is unable to find her way back to the world, but she is able to find herself in the world.", "reference_summary": "Maurice Baring (1874-1945) was a versatile English man of letters, known as a dramatist, poet, novelist, translator and essayist, and also as a travel writer and war correspondent. The Puppet Show of Memory is an autobiography."}
{"id": "literary_51", "title": "Sentiment, Inc.", "text": "with it?\" he asked. \"For a professional monicker, I mean.\"\r\nShe laughed and shook the long hair back over her shoulders. \"I\n\nwanted to live under the name of Sanders,\" she explained.\r\n\"Oh\u2014oh, yes, of course. Winnie the Pooh.\" He grinned. \"Soulmates,\n\ndon't think you have to be jealous, honey. 'Bye now.\"\r\nFraser lit his pipe with a certain smugness. Snyder was several times\n\nJudy called Fraser up. \"Hi,\" she said breathlessly. \"Busy tonight?\"\r\n\"Well, I was hoping I'd be, if you get what I mean,\" he said.\r\n\"Look, I want to take you out for a change. Just got some unexpected\n\nmoney and dammit, I want to feel rich for one evening.\"\r\n\"Hmmm\u2014\" He scowled into the phone. \"I dunno\u2014\"\r\n\"Oh, get off it, Galahad. I'll meet you in the Dixie lobby at seven.\n\ndetails. \"Did you get a bonus, or what?\"\r\n\"No.\" She laughed at him over her drink. \"I've turned guinea pig.\"\r\n\"I hope you quit that job before we're married!\"\r\n\"It's a funny deal,\" she said thoughtfully. \"It'd interest you. I've been\n\nneeded to drive me into your arms, Colin, it's his political lectures.\"\r\n\"Well, bless the Republican Party!\" He laid his hand over hers, she\n\ndidn't withdraw it, but she frowned just a little.\r\n\"Colin, you know I want to get somewhere before I marry\u2014see a bit\n\nso\u2014Oh, never mind. I like you anyway.\"\r\nSipping her drink and setting it down again: \"Well, to carry on with\n\ntwo hours each time\u2014and I'd get a hundred dollars per session.\"\r\n\"Hm,\" said Fraser. \"I didn't know psych research was that well-heeled.\n\nabout it.\"\r\n\"Sure,\" he said. \"You had a session already?\"\r\n\"Yes, my first was today. It's a funny place to do research\u2014Kennedy's\n\nBeautiful office. The name of his outfit is Sentiment, Inc.\"\r\n\"Hm. Why should a research-team take such a name? Well, go on.\"\r\n\"Oh, there isn't much else to tell. Kennedy was very nice. He took\n\npictures.\"\r\n\"Oscilloscopes. You'll never make a scientist, my dear.\"\r\nShe grinned. \"But I know one scientist who'd like to\u2014Never mind!\n\nwasn't till the end of the week that he cal", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.2215498685836792, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The first book in the series of books about psych research.", "reference_summary": "This book was converted from its physical to the digital format by a community of volunteers. You may find it for free on the web. Purchase of the Kindle edition includes wireless delivery."}
{"id": "literary_52", "title": "Kepler", "text": "Johann Kepler, born 1571;\r\nschool at Maulbronn, 1586;\r\nUniversity of T\u00fcbingen, 1589;\r\nM.A. of T\u00fcbingen, 1591;\r\nProfessor at Gratz, 1594;\r\n\u201cProdromus,\u201d with \u201cMysterium Cosmographicum,\u201d published 1596;\r\nfirst marriage, 1597;\r\njoins Tycho Brahe at Prague, 1600;\r\ndeath of Tycho, 1601;\r\nKepler\u2019s optics, 1603;\r\nNova, 1604;\r\non Comets, 1607;\r\nCommentary on Mars, including First and Second Laws, 1609;\r\nProfessor at Linz, 1612;\r\nsecond marriage, 1613;\r\nThird Law discovered, 1618;\r\nEpitome of Copernican Astronomy, 1618-1621;\r\nRudolphine Tables published, 1627;\r\ndied, 1630.\n\nplane, besides being in conjunction or opposition with the sun.\r\nEpicycle: A point moving on the circumference of a circle\n\nfull moon and is a maximum at first and last quarter.\r\nExcentric:\r\nAs an alternative to epicycles, planets whose motion round\n\npoint some distance from the earth called the excentric.\r\nGeocentric:\r\nReferred to the centre of the earth; e.g. Ptolemy\u2019s theory.\r\nHeliocentric:\r\nReferred to the centre of the sun; e.g. the theory\n\nplane with the ecliptic is the line of nodes.\r\nOccultation:\r\nUsually means when a planet or star is hidden by the moon,\n\nsatellite by a planet or of one planet by another.\r\nOpposition\r\nv. Conjunction.\r\nParallax:\r\nThe error introduced by observing from some point other than\n\nthe earth and not from the sun.\r\nPerigee:\r\nThe point in the orbit of a celestial body when it is nearest", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Philosophy", "topic_confidence": 0.2530955970287323, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "Observing the ecliptic of the Comets, we find that the orbit of the planet is a point in the orbital plane of a celestial body when it is nearest to the earth.", "reference_summary": "Johannes Kepler, master mathematician and astronomer, developed his theories in 16th century pre-Renaissance Germany. His work laid the foundation on which his successors, notably Isaac Newton, built the modern picture of the universe, that held until Einstein.\nThe author shows us a Rabelaisian world...chaotic, muddled, and dirty. Kepler's famly mirrored this disorder, and he retreated into his own cerebrations for relief. Kepler took the theories of his time and stood them on their head. He extracted truth from superstition, and this story, in Banville's hands, is a triumph, heroic and exuber"}
{"id": "literary_53", "title": "Winchester: History You Can See", "text": "The Close Gate\r\nThe City Bridge\r\nWinchester Cathedral from the Deanery Gardens\r\nWykeham's Chantry\r\nThe Butter Cross\r\nEntrance to the Deanery\r\nWinchester College: The Outer Gateway from \"Arcadia\"\r\nThe Cloisters, Winchester College\r\nRuins of Wolvesey Castle\r\nBeaufort Tower and Ambulatory, St. Cross\r\nSt. Cross from the Meadows\r\nThe Brethren's Hall, St. Cross\r\nPlan of Winchester Cathedral\n\nking to let him appear as the English champion.\r\nTHE CITY BRIDGE\r\nTHE CITY BRIDGE\r\nThis singular combat, which was to decide the\n\n\"St. Swithun's Day, if thou dost rain,\r\nFor forty days it will remain:\r\nSt. Swithun's Day, if thou be fair,\r\nFor forty days 't will rain nae mair.\"\n\nblessed with fine weather.\r\nWINCHESTER CATHEDRAL FROM THE DEANERY GARDENS\r\nWINCHESTER CATHEDRAL FROM THE DEANERY GARDENS\r\nForeign pilgrims coming from Normandy and Brittany,\n\nof history.\r\nTo quote the authors of Historic Winchester:\r\n\"There was a great stir in the old city when the day of\n\nwere made is incorporated in the base of the obelisk.\r\nThe West Gate is the only one that remains of the\n\nand near the bank of the river, is one of great charm.\r\nIt is when the nave is entered that the full beauty\n\n\"Lord Cardinal, if thou think'st on Heaven's bliss\r\nHold up thy hand: make signal of thy hope.\r\nHe dies, and makes no sign!\"\n\nthose of Queen Emma.\r\nENTRANCE TO THE DEANERY\r\nENTRANCE TO THE DEANERY\r\nThe visitor will not fail to have pointed out to\n\ninstitutions in Saxon days.\r\nWINCHESTER COLLEGE: THE OUTER GATEWAY FROM ARCADIA\r\nWINCHESTER COLLEGE: THE OUTER GATEWAY FROM \"ARCADIA\"\r\nWykeham's idea in founding these two colleges\n\nwaters of the Isis and the Itchen.\r\nTHE CLOISTERS, WINCHESTER COLLEGE\r\nTHE CLOISTERS, WINCHESTER COLLEGE\r\nReturning to the Butter Cross, the Piazza adjoining\n\nreduced to a heap of ruins by Cromwell.\r\nRUINS OF WOLVESEY CASTLE\r\nRUINS OF WOLVESEY CASTLE\r\nBeyond the City Bridge rises St. Giles's Hill, named\n\nbuilding itself was subsequently restored to the Corporation.\r\nBEAUFORT TOWER AND AMBULATO", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.8627156019210815, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.5336560010910034, "generated_summary": "The first book in the series of novels by the author, \"The Last Book of the Novels\" is a collection of short stories and essays by the writer. It is based on the novel of the same name by the same author.", "reference_summary": "Winchester offers a veritable feast of history, much of it unrecognized by 21st century visitors. This history of the Saxon capital of Wessex is told through evocative photographs of its buildings and intricate nooks and crannies. Brought to life with intriguing accounts are: St Catherine's Hill, the site of a hill fort in 150 bc; the Peninsula Barracks, once a military establishment and now home to a range of museums; Winchester College, built in 1352, and its 14th-century gothic chapel; Winchester Cathedral, parts of which date from 1079; the resting place of novelist Jane Austen; the workin"}
{"id": "literary_54", "title": "The Mystery of Easter Island", "text": "a few notes of such history have been included.\r\nIn dealing with the main topic of the work, an endeavour has\n\nhas been possible to go again through the large collection of notes.\r\nIt is fairly obvious why the writing of this story has fallen to\n\nmost valuable time to our vocabularies of the language.\r\nWith regard to our journeyings and labours in the field, we are\n\nthe negative of fig. 65, taken at our request.\r\nIt has been impossible in the compass of this book to express\n\nany rate, a chance to repair shortcomings.\r\nIt was felt in writing this volume that it was best to leave\n\nillustrated by some hundreds of sketches and negatives.\r\nThe only account of this kind which has so far been available\n\nmakers of the statues; this is, of course, the crucial point.\r\nNow that this stage is reached, the problem at once falls into\n\nthe successive waves of migration which have passed through it.\r\nOn this large and difficult subject many able minds are at\n\nisland, we hope in these ways to learn when and how it began.\r\nThere is much we shall never know\u2014the thoughts which\n\nRefitting at Talcahuano\u2014Trip to Santiago and across the Summit of the Andes\u2014Valparaiso\u2014To Juan Fernandez\u2014Typhoid on Board\u2014Back to Chile\u2014Juan Fernandez again.\n\nA Visit from Von Spee\u2014First news of the War\u2014S. R. goes to Chile\u2014The Prinz Eitel Friedrich\u2014Return of Mana\u2014Departure of the Expedition.\n\nForm of the Easter Island Image\u2014Position and Number of the Ahu\u2014Design and Construction of the Image Ahu\u2014Reconstruction and Transformation\u2014The Semi-pyramid Ahu\u2014The Overthrow of the Images and Destruction of the Ahu.\n\nSources of Information: History, Recent Remains, Living Memory\u2014Mode of Life: Habitations, Food, Dress and Ornament\u2014Social Life: Divisions, Wars, Marriages, Burial Customs, Social Functions.\n\nCatching Turtle\u2014The Island of Socorro and what we found there\u2014The tale of a Russian Finn\u2014Quibo Island\u2014Suffering of the Natives from Elephantiasis\u2014A Haul with the Seine.\n\nNavigation of the Gulf of Panama\u2014Balboa and the City o", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.7853015065193176, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.529629647731781, "generated_summary": "The first book in the series of books by the author, \"The Adventures of a Man\" is a collection of stories that are told in the context of the life of Claudette.", "reference_summary": "We set to work to excavate some of the statues which stood on the slope of the Raraku mountain. The natives were entirely indifferent whether they worked or not, but by paying high wages and giving any quantity of mutton, we were able at this time to get a certain amount of precarious labour for digging and camp work. The whole lot, including my maid-servant, went in for every week-end to the village, and it was always a matter of anxiety to know whether they would ever return. -from Chapter XII Western anthropology's first in-depth look at an isolated culture is also a daring adventure story "}
{"id": "literary_55", "title": "Complete poetical works", "text": "Although Bret Harte's name is identified with Californian life, it was not\r\n      till he was fifteen that the author of \"Plain Language from Truthful\r\n      James\" saw the country of his adoption. Francis Bret Harte, to give the\r\n      full name which he carried till he became famous, was born at Albany, New\r\n      York, August 25, 1839. He went with his widowed mother to California in\r\n      1854, and was thrown as a young man into the hurly-burly which he more\r\n      than any other writer has made real to distant and later people. He was by\r\n      turns a miner, school-teacher, express messenger, printer, and journalist.\r\n      The types which live again in his pages are thus not only what he\r\n      observed, but what he himself impersonated in his own experience.\n\nHe began trying his pen in The Golden Era of San Francisco, where he was\r\n      working as a compositor; and when The Californian, edited by Charles Henry\r\n      Webb, was started in 1864 as a literary newspaper, he was one of a group\r\n      of brilliant young fellows\u2014Mark Twain, Charles Warren Stoddard, Webb\r\n      himself, and Prentice Mulford\u2014who gave at once a new interest in\r\n      California beside what mining and agriculture caused. Here in an early\r\n      number appeared \"The Ballad of the Emeu,\" and he contributed many poems,\r\n      grave and gay, as well as prose in a great variety of form. At the same\r\n      time he was appointed Secretary of the United States Branch Mint at San\r\n      Francisco, holding the office till 1870.\n\n\"No one,\" says his old friend, Mr. Stoddard, \"who knows Mr. Harte, and\r\n      knew the California of his day, wonders that he left it as he did. Eastern\r\n      editors were crying for his work. Cities vied with one another in the\r\n      offer of tempting bait. When he turned his back on San Francisco, and\r\n      started for Boston, he began a tour that the greatest author of any age\r\n      might have been proud of. It was a veritable ovation that swelled from sea\r\n    ", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.3891667425632477, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The first book in the series of books by Francis Bret Harte, a writer who was born at Albany, New York, August 25, 1839.", "reference_summary": "This edition by the poet's grandson, Ernest Hartley Coleridge, this book contains a complete and authoritative text of Coleridge's poems, together with notes detailing variants from early editions, manuscript drafts, and alternative versions."}
{"id": "literary_56", "title": "The Oxford Book of Ballads", "text": "the best. How could I give him the best in my power?\r\nThere is only one way. It was Scott\u2019s way, and the\n\nHalf-owre, half-owre to Aberdour,\r\n\u2019Tis fifty fathoms deep;\r\nAnd there lies gude Sir Patrick Spens,\r\nWi\u2019 the Scots lords at his feet!\n\n\u2018O Earl Bran\u2019, I see your heart\u2019s bloud!\u2019\u2014\r\nAy lally, o lilly lally\r\n\u2018It\u2019s na but the glent o\u2019 my scarlet hood\u2019\r\nAll i\u2019 the night sae early.\n\nThen up bespake the bride\u2019s mother\u2014\r\nShe never was heard to speak so free:\r\n\u2018Ye\u2019ll not forsake my only daughter,\r\nThough Susie Pye has cross\u2019d the sea.\u2019\n\nRise up, rise up, brother Dives,\r\nAnd go with us to see\r\nA dismal place, prepared in hell,\r\nTo sit on a serpent\u2019s knee.\n\nThere was slayne upon the English part\r\nFor sooth as I you say,\r\nOf nin\u00e8 thousand English men\r\nFive hundred came away.\n\nMay Margaret sits in her bower door\r\nSewing her silken seam;\r\nShe heard a note in Elmond\u2019s wood,\r\nAnd wish\u2019d she there had been.\n\nShe loot the seam fa\u2019 frae her side,\r\nThe needle to her tae,\r\nAnd she is on to Elmond\u2019s wood\r\nAs fast as she could gae.\n\nPART I\u00a0\r\n\u00a0BOOK I\u00a0\r\nNO.\u00a0\r\nPAGE\r\n1.\u00a0\r\nThomas the Rhymer\r\n1\r\n2.\u00a0\r\nTam Lin\r\n4\r\n3.\u00a0\r\nSir Cawline\r\n14\r\n4.\u00a0\r\nSir Aldingar\r\n20\r\n5.\u00a0\r\nCospatrick\r\n29\r\n6.\u00a0\r\nWilly\u2019s Lady\r\n36\r\n7.\u00a0\r\nThe Queen of Elfland\u2019s Nourice\r\n41\r\n8.\u00a0\r\nLady Isabel and the Elf-Knight\r\n43\r\n9.\u00a0\r\nThe Riddling Knight\r\n46\r\n10.\u00a0\r\nMay Colvin\r\n47\r\n11.\u00a0\r\nThe Wee Wee Man\r\n51\r\n12.\u00a0\r\nAlison Gross\r\n52\r\n13.\u00a0\r\nKemp Owyne\r\n55\r\n14.\u00a0\r\nThe Laily Worm\r\n59\r\n15.\u00a0\r\nKing Orfeo\r\n62\r\n16.\u00a0\r\nKing Henry\r\n64\r\n17.\u00a0\r\nThe Boy and the Mantle\r\n68\r\n18.\u00a0\r\nKing Arthur and King Cornwall\r\n75\r\n19.\u00a0\r\nThe Marriage of Sir Gawain\r\n88\r\n20.\u00a0\r\nBonnie Annie\r\n98\r\n21.\u00a0\r\nBrown Robyn\u2019s Confession\r\n100[Pg xviii]\r\n22.\u00a0\r\nThe Cruel Mother\r\n102\r\n23.\u00a0\r\nBinnorie\r\n104\r\n24.\u00a0\r\nThe Broomfield Hill\r\n107\r\n25.\u00a0\r\nEarl Mar\u2019s Daughter\r\n110\r\n26.\u00a0\r\nProud Lady Margaret\r\n116\r\n27.\u00a0\r\nClerk Saunders\r\n118\r\n28.\u00a0\r\nThe Daemon Lover\r\n123\r\n29.\u00a0\r\nClerk Colven\r\n126\r\n30.\u00a0\r\nYoung Hunting\r\n129\r\n31.\u00a0\r\nThe Great Silkie of Sule Skerrie\r\n135\r\n32.\u00a0\r\nThe Wife of Usher\u2019s Well\r\n136\r\n33.\u00a0\r\nA Lyk", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.872453510761261, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.5378698110580444, "generated_summary": "The story of the sailor who was a part of the Royal Navy, and the surviving crew of the ship, is told in a series of flashbacks.", "reference_summary": "Publisher: Oxford Clarendon Press Publication date: 1910 Subjects: English ballads and songs Notes: This is an OCR reprint. There may be numerous typos or missing text. There are no illustrations or indexes. When you buy the General Books edition of this book you get free trial access to Million-Books.com where you can select from more than a million books for free. You can also preview the book there."}
{"id": "literary_57", "title": "Some Do Not... (Parade's End #1)", "text": "friendships are a frequent guarantee of their lasting texture.\r\nThe youngest son of a Yorkshire country gentleman, Tietjens himself was\n\nhis chambers for Tietjens when in turn he came to Town.\r\nWith a Scots young man such a position had been perfectly possible.\n\nget through the University,\" and his mother would answer:\r\n\"Yes, my dear. How much?\"\r\nWith an English young man of the lower orders that would have left a\n\nminutes of silence had said:\r\n\"You will divorce?\"\r\nChristopher had answered:\r\n\"No! No one but a blackguard would ever submit a woman to the ordeal of\n\ndivorce.\"\r\nMr. Tietjens had suggested that, and after an interval had asked:\r\n\"You will permit her to divorce you?\"\r\nHe had answered:\r\n\"If she wishes it. There's the child to be considered.\" Mr. Tietjens\n\nanswered:\r\n\"If it can be done without friction.\"\r\nMr. Tietjens had commented only:\r\n\"Ah!\" Some minutes later he had said:\r\n\"Your mother's very well.\" Then: \"That motor-plough didn't\n\nanswer,\" and then: \"I shall be dining at the club.\"\r\nChristopher said:\r\n\"May I bring Macmaster in, sir? You said you would put him up.\"\r\nMr. Tietjens answered:\r\n\"Yes, do. Old General ffolliott will be there. He'll second him. He'd\n\nHe had three other sons and two daughters, and was now sixty-one.\r\nTo his sister Effie, on the day after his wife's elopement, Christopher\n\nsave a maid, and I'll pay their board and a bit over.\"\r\nThe voice of his sister\u2014from Yorkshire\u2014had answered:\r\n\"Certainly, Christopher.\" She was the wife of a vicar, near Groby, and\n\nshe had several children.\r\nTo Macmaster Tietjens had said:\r\n\"Sylvia has left me with that fellow Perowne.\"\r\nMacmaster had answered only: \"Ah!\"\r\nTietjens had continued:\r\n\"I'm letting the house and warehousing the furniture. Tommie is going to\n\nmy sister Effie. Marchant is going with him.\"\r\nMacmaster had said:\r\n\"Then you'll be wanting your old rooms.\" Macmaster occupied a very large\n\nmoved down from the attic to the bedroom formerly occupied by Tietjens.\r\nTietjens said:\r\n\"I'll come in ", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.3961966633796692, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The first book in the series of novels by the author of the novel \"The Last Word\" (1996), \"The First Word\" is a collection of short stories written by the writer of the first book of the series. It is based on the story of the same name by the same author.", "reference_summary": "This early work by Ford Madox Ford was originally published in 1924 and we are now republishing it with a brand new introduction. This is part one of Ford's hugely successful Parade's End tetralogy that has now been adapted into a BBC television drama.\nFollows the story of Christopher Tietjens, \"the last English Tory,\" after the firstWorld War.. he is forced to choose between allegiance to an outmoded code of honor and personal survival in a corrupt age."}
{"id": "literary_58", "title": "Dorothy Dale's Camping Days", "text": "\"Oh, my!\" exclaimed one girl.\r\n\"Oh, mine!\" amended another.\r\n\"Oh, ours!\" called out a third.\r\nThen there was one awful bump, and the chorus was understood.\r\nThe old-style hay wagon, which was like a big crib, wobbled from side\n\nthreat, to roll over in the direction toward which it wobbled.\r\n\"If you young ladies care to ride any farther,\" called out a man from\n\nthe holes in the bottom of this autymobile.\"\r\nHe chuckled at his own joke. The holes were only too apparent to the\n\nbegged to be allowed to do her own experimenting with them.\r\n\"He laughs best who laughs least,\" misquoted Dorothy, as the wagon\n\nto have the wagon make it in solo. I have had a try of that sort.\"\r\n\"Now say your prayers, Nita,\" ordered Tavia, \"and don't forget to\n\ngirls from Glenwood ever go out without having 'something happen'?\"\r\nThe old man was pulling at the reins, but his horses were starting to\n\nwagon.\r\n\"Oh, hold them!\" pleaded Nita.\r\n\"Let them run,\" suggested Tavia. \"It will be over sooner!\"\r\n\"Mercy!\" exclaimed Dorothy, \"there's a river!\"\r\nThis remark was followed by a most significant pause. Evidently even\n\nand it hurts our ears.\"\r\n\"Is there no brake?\" wailed Nita.\r\n\"There is likely to be one soon,\" Tavia assured her.\r\nThe girls were becoming more and more alarmed, and only Tavia kept up\n\ndetermined to \"take chances\" with him.\r\nTavia did deign to sit up and notice the rate of speed the old horses\n\ntoo near the river.\r\nSuddenly there was a crash, and then the horses bolted!\r\n\"Something snapped!\" called Dorothy. \"Something is broken!\"\r\nNo need to announce this, for, with the ominous sound, one of the\n\nwagon along by the straps that had withstood the jerks and plunges.\r\n\"Oh, we will be killed!\" screamed Nita, \"There's the river!\"\r\nThe girls made ready to jump.\r\n\"Don't!\" begged Dorothy. \"You will be dragged along in this stuff. You\n\nloose, it might not be so dangerous to fall over in all that hay!\r\nA shriek from Nita turned all eyes to her. \"The man!\" she screamed.\n\nscarcely concealed by the f", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.36911338567733765, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The story of a young woman who is a hay wagon owner and has been a member of the Glenwood family for many years. She is unable to find her way out of the holes in the bottom of the autymobile. She has been forced to take a ride on the wagon, which is reminiscent of the old-style hay - wagon.", "reference_summary": "Margaret Penrose was a house pseudonym used by the Stratemeyer Syndicate. This name was used for books like Dorothy Dale (1908), Dorothy Dale at Glenwood School (1908), Dorothy Dale's Great Secret (1909), Dorothy Dale and Her Chums (1909), Dorothy Dale's Queer Holidays (1910), The Motor Girls (1910), The Motor Girls on a Tour (1910), Dorothy Dale's Camping Days (1911), The Motor Girls at Lookout Beach (1911), The Motor Girls Through New England (1911), The Motor Girls on Cedar Lake (1912), Dorothy Dale's School Rivals (1912), Dorothy Dale in the City (1913), The Motor Girls on the Coast (1913)"}
{"id": "literary_59", "title": "An Essay on the Trial By Jury", "text": "CHAPTER I.\r\nTHE RIGHT OF JURIES TO JUDGE OF THE JUSTICE OF LAWS.\r\nSECTION I.[Pg 5]\r\nFor more than six hundred years\u2014that is, since Magna Carta, in\n\nresisting the execution of, such laws.\r\nUnless such be the right and duty of jurors, it is plain that, instead\n\ntrial by jury is, and what is its object.\r\n\"The trial by jury,\" then, is a \"trial by the country\"\u2014that is, by the\n\ncorresponds to their highest notions of freedom.\r\nTo secure this right of the people to judge of their own liberties\n\nto maintain its own laws, and accomplish its own purposes.\r\nIt is supposed that, if twelve men be taken, by lot, from the mass of\n\nwith the oppressor\u2014that is, with the government.\r\nIt is fairly presumable that such a tribunal will agree to no conviction\n\noppressions which the government may not authorize by law.\r\nThe jury are also to judge whether the laws are rightly expounded to\n\ntaken from them by brute force, without any law at all.\r\nThe jury must also judge of the laws of evidence. If the government can\n\nwould therefore be arraying the people against themselves.\r\nThere are two answers to such an argument.\r\nOne answer is, that, in a representative government, there is no\n\ntheir liberties unreservedly into the hands of the government.\r\nIt is of no avail to say, in answer to this view of the case, that in\n\nto determine that question for itself?\r\nNeither is it of any avail to say, that, if the government abuse its\n\nafter more or less injustice has been irreparably done.\r\nBut, at best, the right of suffrage can be exercised only periodically;\n\nof tyranny, are capable of perjury to sustain it.[Pg 15]\r\nThe conclusion, therefore, is, that any government, that can, for a\n\nimpunity, by whomsoever pleases to transgress or resist it.[3]\r\nThe trial by jury authorizes all this, or it is a sham and a hoax,\n\nare nevertheless known to the law only as slaves.\r\nThat this right of resistance was recognized as a common law right, when\n\nby the nature of the trial itself, but is acknowledged by histo", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.3702458441257477, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The trial by jury is a case of the tyranny of the government. Its purpose is to determine whether the government can be oppressed, and its ultimate aim is to demonstrate that the government is not oppresse.", "reference_summary": "Lysander Spooner was an 18th century libertarian, individualist anarchist, entrepreneur, political philosopher, abolitionist, supporter of the labor movement, and legal theorist. He founded the American Letter Main Company and tried to compete with the US post office until forced to stop by the US government. In the Essay on the Trial By Jury Spooner argues for \"Jury Nullification,\" which says that in a free society a jury has the authority to rule on the facts of the case, and can rule on the legitimacy of the law under which the case is tried. This would allow juries to refuse to convict a p"}
{"id": "literary_60", "title": "Uncle Silas: A Tale of Bartram-Haugh", "text": "gathered from the fireside talk of old retainers in the nursery.\r\n[pg 02]\r\nI am sure my father loved me, and I know I loved him. With\n\nexpected him to dinner, and to stay for some days.\r\n'I guess he's one of those creatures, dear, for I mentioned his\n\nresentment of which he was quite unconscious.\r\nHis stay was not very long; not one of us divined the object\n\nen suite, in which were some of his theological books.\r\nThe day after Mr. Bryerly's arrival, I was about to see whether\n\nsomething quickly in the breast of his coat.\r\nMy father stood up also, looking paler, I think, than I ever\n\nover my father, which very much alarmed me.\r\nI fancied all sorts of dangers in the enigmatical smile of the\n\nvery uninstructed as to the limits of the marvellous.\r\nI mentioned it to no one. But I was immensely relieved when\n\nit was upon this occurrence that my mind was now employed.\r\nSome one said that Dr. Johnson resembled a ghost, who must\n\nand relations, and found no such rule in force anywhere else.\r\nAs I leaned back in my chair thinking, this phantasm of my\n\nlooking fixedly on me, from less than a yard away.\r\nAfter I saw him, he continued to regard me for a second or\n\ncarved oak. In front of this he stopped.\r\nHe had odd, absent ways, and talked more to himself, I believe,\n\nthumb, as he deliberated.\r\nI knew him too well, of course, to interpose a word.\r\n'They are easily frightened\u2014ay, they are. I'd better do it\n\nanother way.'\r\nAnd pausing, he looked in my face as he might upon a picture.\r\n'They are\u2014yes\u2014I had better do it another way\u2014another way;\n\na second or two, 'Remember this key.'\r\nIt was oddly shaped, and unlike others.\r\n'Yes, sir.' I always called him 'sir.'\r\n'It opens that,' and he tapped it sharply on the door of the\n\nsense\u2014giddy. You say, you'll remember?'\r\n'Yes, sir.'\r\n'It behoves you.'\r\nHe turned round and looked full upon me, like a man who\n\nunderstand, in my absence.'\r\n'Yes, sir.'\r\nSo he kissed me on the forehead, and said\u2014\r\n'Let us return.'\r\nWhich, accordingly, we did, i", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.5065329074859619, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The epoch of the first book in the series is marked by the discovery of a new book, which is a collection of stories that have been published in the past.", "reference_summary": "Silas Rutvyn is something of a riddle. To some, including his niece, he is something of a ghost. There are, however, no simple answers. As Le Fanu gradually unfolds the layers of this story, we are irresistibly drawn into his world. From the writer of such works asThrough a Glass Darkly,and The House by the Churchyard,this eerie and chilling tale is one of the finest examples of his art."}
{"id": "literary_61", "title": "The Promise of American Life", "text": "CHAPTER I\r\nI\r\nWHAT IS THE PROMISE OF AMERICAN LIFE?\r\nThe average American is nothing if not patriotic. \"The Americans are\n\nother European countries more as a warning than as an example.\r\nThe higher American patriotism, on the other hand, combines loyalty to\n\nwhich the fulfillment of the Promise demands.\r\nThe distinction between the two aspects of America as a Land of Promise\n\nmade, American life will gradually cease to have any specific Promise.\r\nThe only fruitful promise of which the life of any individual or any\n\nthe Promise of American life.\r\nII\r\nHOW THE PROMISE HAS BEEN REALIZED\r\nAll the conditions of American life have tended to encourage an easy,\n\ndifferent nature rewarded by ample subsistence. This is an American.\"\r\nAlthough the foregoing is one of the first, it is also one of the most\n\nthat Americans are not destined to renounce, but to enjoy.\r\nLet it be immediately added, however, that this economic independence\n\nto civilization.\r\nIII\r\nHOW THE PROMISE IS TO BE REALIZED\r\nIn the preceding section I have been seeking to render justice to the\n\nnoble theory of which these sins are a glaring violation.\r\nI have quoted from Mr. Muirhead, not because his antithetic\n\npurpose, the fulfillment of which is a matter of conscious work.\r\nThe transformation of the old sense of a glorious national destiny into\n\nword was then, and is still to a large extent, understood.\r\nThe extent of this antagonism to democracy, if not in intention at least\n\nin both these directions without any sacrifice of integrity.\r\nIts success has been due to the fact that its makers, with all their\n\nof the purposes which inspired that leadership.\r\nSo far I, at least, have no fault to find with implications of\n\nand moral achievement\u2014to a certain kind of equality.\r\nI do not mean to imply by the preceding statement that either Jefferson\n\nbusiness to flatter and obey.\r\nIII\r\nFEDERALISM AND REPUBLICANISM AS ALLIES\r\nIt is not surprising, consequently, that Jefferson, who had been a lion\n\nin 1801. Its fertilit", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.3441850244998932, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The book is a collection of essays by the author, including his most recent work, \"The American Dream,\" which was published in 1897.", "reference_summary": "Herbert David Croly was an early 20th century American politial liberal writer. After leaving Harvard before graduating he became editor of the Architectural Record in 1900. Croly's best-known book, The Promise of American Life, was published in 1909. This work gives a manifesto of Progressive beliefs that came before the transition from competitive capitalism to corporate capitalism. It was a transition from limited government to the welfare state. Croly discusses the historical evolution of American society, including slavery, corporations, unions, centralization and democracy, and individua"}
{"id": "literary_62", "title": "Sword Blades and Poppy Seed", "text": "Three of these poems are written in a form which, so far as I know, has\r\n      never before been attempted in English. M. Paul Fort is its inventor, and\r\n      the results it has yielded to him are most beautiful and satisfactory.\r\n      Perhaps it is more suited to the French language than to English. But I\r\n      found it the only medium in which these particular poems could be written.\r\n      It is a fluid and changing form, now prose, now verse, and permitting a\r\n      great variety of treatment.\n\nBut the reader will see that I have not entirely abandoned the more\r\n      classic English metres. I cannot see why, because certain manners suit\r\n      certain emotions and subjects, it should be considered imperative for an\r\n      author to employ no others. Schools are for those who can confine\r\n      themselves within them. Perhaps it is a weakness in me that I cannot.\n\nIn conclusion, I would say that these remarks are in answer to many\r\n      questions asked me by people who have happened to read some of these poems\r\n      in periodicals. They are not for the purpose of forestalling criticism,\r\n      nor of courting it; and they deal, as I said in the beginning, solely with\r\n      the question of technique. For the more important part of the book, the\r\n      poems must speak for themselves.  Amy Lowell.  May 19,\r\n      1914.", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.9093902707099915, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.5481453537940979, "generated_summary": "The earliest of the earliest works of the French poets, the Histoire de la feuda, is a work of art that was published in 1848. It is based on the poem \"The Histoire des f\u00e9uds\" by the poets of the same period, and is regarded as one of the most important works of his time.", "reference_summary": "Amy Lawrence Lowell (1874-1925) was an American poet of the imagist school from Brookline, Massachusetts who posthumously won the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry in 1926. She never attended college because it was not deemed proper for a woman by her family, but she compensated for this with her avid reading, which led to near-obsessive book-collecting. She lived as a socialite and travelled widely, turning to poetry in 1902 after being inspired by a performance of Eleonora Duse in Europe. Her first published work appeared in 1910 in Atlantic Monthly. The first published collection of her poetry, A D"}
{"id": "literary_63", "title": "Maggie: Diary #2 (California Diaries, #8)", "text": "He sat all day delivering orations, in the depths of a cushioned chair. His pocketbook deprived them of the power to retort.\n\nMaggie was anxious for a friend to whom she could talk about Pete. She would have liked to discuss his admirable mannerisms with a reliable mutual friend. At home, she found her mother often drunk and always raving.\n\nIt seems that the world had treated this woman very badly, and she took a deep revenge upon such portions of it as came within her reach. She broke furniture as if she were at last getting her rights. She swelled with virtuous indignation as she carried the lighter articles of household use, one by one under the shadows of the three gilt balls, where Hebrews chained them with chains of interest.\n\nJimmie came when he was obliged to by circumstances over which he had no control. His well-trained legs brought him staggering home and put him to bed some nights when he would rather have gone elsewhere.\n\nSwaggering Pete loomed like a golden sun to Maggie. He took her to a dime museum where rows of meek freaks astonished her. She contemplated their deformities with awe and thought them a sort of chosen tribe.\n\nMaggie was anxious for a friend to whom she could talk about Pete. She would have liked to discuss his admirable mannerisms with a reliable mutual friend. At home, she found her mother often drunk and always raving.\n\nIt seems that the world had treated this woman very badly, and she took a deep revenge upon such portions of it as came within her reach. She broke furniture as if she were at last getting her rights. She swelled with virtuous indignation as she carried the lighter articles of household use, one by one under the shadows of the three gilt balls, where Hebrews chained them with chains of interest.\n\nJimmie came when he was obliged to by circumstances over which he had no control. His well-trained legs brought him staggering home and put him to bed some nights when he would rather have gone elsewhere.\n\nSwaggering Pete loo", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.9650579690933228, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.5570502281188965, "generated_summary": "A symphony of the saxophone, and a collection of songs from the '60s.", "reference_summary": "If only I could be perfect.If only I could lose 10 pounds.\nThen I'll be happy; then everything will be perfect.\nMaggie's got an eating disorder, and it's getting worse."}
{"id": "literary_64", "title": "Memoirs Of Emma Courtney", "text": "fostered into ruling passions, are drawn with a masterly hand.\r\nFor the subject of these Memoirs, a more universal sentiment is\n\nthorns, or grapes of thistles?' asked a moralist and a reformer.\r\nEvery possible incident, in works of this nature, might, perhaps, be\n\nwas not his memoirs that I professed to write.\r\nI am not sanguine respecting the success of this little publication.\n\nconsequent sufferings.\u2014Such appears to be the constitution of man!\r\nTo shorten and meliorate your way, I have determined to sacrifice\n\nintimately blended, are indelibly engraven on my heart.\r\nA mystery has hitherto hung over your birth. The victim of my own\n\nformation of my mind, or that may, probably, be useful to your's.\r\nMy father was a man of some talents, and of a superior rank in life,\n\nEmma as a gift from heaven, to supply its place.\r\nMy father, plunged in expence and debauchery, was little moved\n\nvessel stood a chance of being freighted till his had its full cargo.\r\nHis voyages were not long, and frequent absences and meetings\n\nin all respects, considered as the adopted child of the family.\r\nThis prosperity received little other interruption than from my\n\nshunned her, and returned her caresses with coldness.\r\nThe only mitigation I now felt to the anguish that had seized my\n\ncountenance, and could not believe the terrors of dissolution near.\r\n'The last sentiment of my heart,' said he, 'is gratitude to the Being\n\npleasant sleep\u2014Be a good girl, and comfort your aunt!'\u2014\r\nHe expired without a groan, or a struggle\u2014'His death was the\n\nday on which he should constantly expect my attendance in Berkley-square.\r\nTill he left the room I had not courage to raise my eyes from the\n\ntrembling steps, downcast eyes, and an averted face.\r\n'Look up, child!' said my father, in an imperious tone. 'If you are\n\nconscious of no crime, why all this ridiculous confusion?'\r\nI struggled with my feelings: the tone and manner in which I was\n\na gentleman coolly, on the opposite side of the table.\r\nOh! that was not", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.5881681442260742, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.5054085850715637, "generated_summary": "The first book in the series of novels by the author, a collection of short stories and essays by the writer, whose main focus is the history of the American Revolution.", "reference_summary": "Memoirs of Emma Courtney is one of the most articulate and detailed expressions of the yearnings and frustrations of a woman living in late eighteenth-century English society. It questions marital arrangements and courtship rituals by depicting a woman who actively pursues the man she loves.\nIn this first fully annotated edition of a key sentimental novel, Hays reveals the lamentable gap between \"what women are\" and \"what women ought to be\" by exploring the links between sexaulity and desire, and economic and social freedom."}
{"id": "literary_65", "title": "The Star Lord", "text": "to date, had become the spaceman's bible.\r\nCaptain Evans was annoyed to find that his hands were shaking as he\n\nright, then glanced at the zodiometer on his desk. May 3, late spring.\r\n\"Powered by twenty-four total conversion Piles. Passenger capacity\n\nbeen able to contrive, she was a palace to glide among the stars.\r\nHis heart beat more rapidly as he read the next section.\r\n\"Prediction: her maiden voyage will break all previous speed records,\n\nSatellite Y, and President and Mrs. Laurier of Earth.\r\nSwaying gently in the still air, the traditional bottle of champagne\n\nmillion fragments on the floor of the satellite.\r\nAn instant's shocked silence, and then a roar of voices surged up from\n\nand shivered.\r\n\"What a dreadful thing!\" she whispered. \"Does that mean bad luck?\"\r\nPresident Laurier had frowned at her, but the Secretary of Interstellar\n\nand to beg good fortune of unpredictable gods.\r\nTaking up Ley's Space Ships again, he began fondly to reread the page,\n\nwhen there was a knock at the door and a crewman entered.\r\n\"Mr. Jasperson to see you, sir.\"\r\nThe Captain stared, a tiny mus[Pg 10]cle in his cheek quivering.\r\n\"You know I'm not to be disturbed until after takeoff, Stacey.\"\r\n\"Yes, sir. But Mr. Jasperson insisted. He says he knows those rules\n\nforward and spoke softly.\r\n\"Tell Mr. Jasperson\u2014\"\r\n\"Tell him what, Josiah?\" boomed a voice from the opening door. \"You can\n\nfor the icy blue eyes that probed from under the dome of his forehead.\r\n\"What have you got to tell me? You're quite right not to let the ragtag\n\nBurl Jasperson is always welcome.\"\r\nWith scarcely a pause, the Captain extended his hand.\r\n\"How are you, Burl? Won't you come in? I hope the Purser has taken care\n\ncrowds of people, for one thing, and then I've been busy.\"\r\n\"What made you decide to go along on this one?\"\n\npoured himself a glass of water.\r\n\"Ah! Nothing like a drink of cold water! The fact is, I wanted to check\n\nmanage it for us.\"\r\n\"I shall do my best.\"\r\n\"That's the spirit I like to see. Full speed ", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.2111922800540924, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The first book in the series of books by the spaceman, Captain Evans, is a collection of stories that are told in the context of the universe.", "reference_summary": "To some passengers a maiden voyage was a pleasure cruise; to others it meant a hope for new life. Only the Captain knew of its danger!\nThe \"Star Lord\" waited, poised for her maiden voyage. The gigantic silvery spindle, still cradled in its scaffoldings, towered upwards against the artificial sky of Satellite Y.\nThe \"Star Lord\" was the perfection of modern space craft, the creation of the earth's most skilled designers and builders, the largest ship ever launched. Protected by every safety device the ingenuity of man had been able to contrive, she was a palace to glide among the stars.\nShe was "}
{"id": "literary_66", "title": "Clover (Flower Child, #1)", "text": "of wind from the bed of white violets under the parlor windows.\r\nKaty and Clover Carr, sitting with their sewing on the door-steps, drew in\n\nis the sure pledge of immortality.\r\nIt was nearly a year since Katy had come back from that too brief journey\n\noccasions, and doubly wanted for all painful ones.\r\nSo the news of Katy's engagement was made a matter of personal concern by\n\nattached,\u2014\"Walk straight in. He is in the parlor!\"\r\nEverybody wanted to see and know Katy's lover, and to have him as a guest.\n\nwas sorry when the leave of absence ended, and Ned had to go away.\r\nA month later the \"Natchitoches\" sailed for the Bahamas. It was to be a\n\ntime, and a good deal of personal exertion.\r\nDear little Clover flung herself into the affair with even more interest\n\ndiscernible whenever a drawer in the bureau was pulled out.\r\nSo the winter passed, and now spring was come; and the two girls on the\n\ndoorsteps were talking about the wedding, which seemed very near now.\r\n\"Tell me just what sort of an affair you want it to be,\" said Clover.\r\n\"It seems more your wedding than mine, you have worked so hard for it,\"\n\nreplied Katy. \"You might give your ideas first.\"\r\n\"My ideas are not very distinct. It's only lately that I have begun to\n\ngoes off well, I don't care exactly how it is managed.\"\r\n\"Then, since you are in such an accommodating frame of mind, it seems a\n\nlike things to be simple, and to just happen.\"\r\n\"But, Katy, you can't do it like that. It will all get into a snarl if\n\nmeans. Don't you think it would really be nicer in that way?\"\r\n\"Well, yes, as you put it, and 'viewed from the higher standard,' as Miss\n\ndoubtfully.\r\n\"Yes, indeed!\"\r\n\"Have you thought what it shall be?\"\r\n\"Do you recollect that beautiful white crape shawl of mamma's which papa\n\nwere here still, helping me to get ready. Don't you think so?\"\r\n\"It is a lovely idea,\" said Clover, the ever-ready tears dimming her happy\n\nIzzy! What troublesome little wretches we were,\u2014I most of all!\"\r\n\"Were you? Somehow I never c", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.40789544582366943, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The first book in the series of novels by American author and illustrator Katy Carr, this is a story of love, friendship, and the love that is woven into the fabric of her life.", "reference_summary": "On a mission to bring the love of literacy to impoverished rural children, Clover Willoughby finds herself stranded on a dry, dusty West Virginia back road. Out of gas, out of service, and out of patience, she starts walking. When she stumbles across a quaint cabin in the woods, she's relieved at her good fortune. Her relief turns to trepidation--and anticipation--when the rough, crude mountain man living there offers to assist her . . . for a price.\nAnd he's not interested in money.\nThis is the first novella in a planned series. It is NOT a full-length book.\nDisclaimer: this novella is for ad"}
{"id": "literary_67", "title": "Looking Back (Sword of Glastonbury, #12)", "text": "grandfather for many years and died at a great age.\r\nAt the time of my birth the only celebrity with whom\n\nwas, as well as being a very good fellow, somewhat of[8] a celebrity. He was the eldest of nine brothers who\n\nand two governesses, and I suppose a nurse or two.[11] Anyhow, we must have taken up a good deal of the\n\nMy friend of the hammer-clothed box did the former,[13] the tuition of the latter fell to the lot of the butler.\n\nprofession a doctor or surgeon should want to call[17] himself a colonel. To my mind a captain in the Navy\n\nwith less pleasure than I do to the time I spent in the Britannia. Whilst admitting that the instruction was\n\nin after life I have become grateful to those who[27] first introduced me to some of the wonders of the\n\nhappen very often. It has to be confessed that the Bristol was not a very fast frigate, and compared very\n\nhove-to; but she was a very long ship for those days,[31] and by the time she was hove-to the man was some\n\nmen who were in the boats\u2019 crews were survivors of the Captain, a vessel which was lost with nearly all hands\n\neither of them should drown.\r\nThe next six months were passed in the Ariadne cruising in the Mediterranean; Malta, the headquarters\n\nat any rate could never be induced to insult a woman.\r\nOur stay at Naples was very pleasant, for our\n\nto an end, and the autumn of 1872 saw the Ariadne on her way home. She called at Algiers and Gibraltar,\n\nforce. In the morning the gale abated, and then[38] one could get some idea of what had been going on.\n\nkeep regular watch in four reliefs; the only time[40] we ever ceased to keep watch was on being put in\n\nconnected with it.\r\nThe days and months passed by quickly enough, if[41] in somewhat monotonous fashion, until the spring of\n\ninterval had come to an end we retired like \u201cseconds[43] out of the ring,\u201d purposely taking as long as possible\n\non watch I had to go.\r\nOur arrest lasted about a month and came to an[47] end very unexpectedly. Somehow or other (we youngsters", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.4934594929218292, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The book is a collection of short stories, poems, and essays by the author. It is based on the novel of the same name by the same author.", "reference_summary": "Kath has survived hell. She was captured by slavers, her family and friends were brutally murdered, and her village was razed. Everything she loved was lost, including Roger, the man who had filled her heart with unimaginable joy.\nAfter years of recovery her focus in life is to save innocents from a similar fate. She works with a team of soldiers to protect nuns and vulnerable communities. The only thorn in her side is the partner she has been paired with - a long-haired, drunken, hollow shadow of a man. Worst of all, fate has given him the same name as her beloved.\nWhen Kath realizes the rock"}
{"id": "literary_68", "title": "Tess of the Storm Country", "text": "bitter cold and frozen surroundings with stolid indifference.\r\nA grim silence had reigned during which the three men had worked with\n\nover one white blind eye, Ben Letts spoke viciously.\r\n\"Tess air that cussed,\" said he, \"that she keeps on saying fishes can\n\nfeel when they gets cut. She air worse than that too.\"\r\n\"And she do say,\" put in Jake Brewer, grasping a large pickerel and\n\nShe air that bad too.\"\r\nBen Letts scratched his head tentatively.\r\n\"She ain't had no bringin' up,\" he resumed, again plying the\n\nlike a cat. Orn air a fool, I say.\"\r\n\"So says I too,\" agreed Brewer; \"no wonder his shoulders air humped. But\n\nwill.\"\r\nAt this the industrious one turned.\r\n\"I spose ye be a hittin' at my poor Myry, Ben,\" he muttered. \"I spose ye\n\ndum hard to keep a girl from the wrong way, love her all ye will.\"\r\nFor an instant Ben Letts dropped his head.\r\n\"We always wondered who he was, but more wonder has been goin' on why ye\n\nain't made no offer to find the fellow.\"\r\n\"Ain't had no time,\" said the desperate cleaner of fish; \"had to get\n\nbread and beans, to say nothin' of bacon.\"\r\n\"But why didn't ye send the brat to the workhouse?\" asked Jake.\r\n\"Satisfied\" Longman, as he was called, shook his head.\r\n\"I was satisfied to let it stay,\" was all he answered.\r\n\"My old mammy says,\" offered Ben Letts, \"as how yer son Ezy asked\n\n\"and Myry says that them what has ought to be satisfied.\"\r\nJust then a shadow fell upon the shore of the lake near the fishermen.\r\n\"There air Tess now,\" muttered Letts and his two companions eyed a\n\nfeet, which dropped down beside Longman without asking whether or no.\r\n\"Cleanin' fish?\" she queried.\r\n\"Can't ye see?\" growled Ben.\r\n\"'Course I can,\" she answered; \"just wondered if ye knowed yerselves.\"\r\n\"Where be yer dad?\" queried Longman, smiling as he caught up two long\n\ncolor caught the floundering fish in her dirty fingers.\r\n\"I air a hittin' the little devil on the head with a stone,\" said she,\n\nbelly,\" grinned Jake Brewer, but Ben Letts broke in.\r\n\"How be yer to", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.3849794268608093, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The story of a young woman who is a fisherman and a cook. She is the daughter of sailor Jake Brewer, a seaman who has been a smuggler for years. She has been the wife of ten-year-old Jake Breyer, whose father was a captain in the Royal Navy. She was the first to be married to a man who had been smitten with him.", "reference_summary": "Published in 1909, this classic romance is set in Ithaca, New York. Living in a squatters shanty, shunned by the upstanding folk of Ithaca, Tessibel is nonetheless shocked when her father, a fisherman, is accused of murder. Barefoot, beautiful, and innocent, Tess sets out to clear his name. Along the way, she meet a Cornell man.\nTess lives in a rotting shanty surrounded by fish bones. Her education is minimal. Her best friend is a toad. How can she compare with the brainy beauties he squires around?\nThere is a sequel, The Secrets of the Storm Country.\nThe book has been made into a movie starri"}
{"id": "literary_69", "title": "The New North: Contemporary Poetry from Northern Ireland", "text": "Land\u2014Sergeant Anderson, R.N.W.M.P., the sleuth of Lesser Slave\r\nCHAPTER III: ATHABASCA LANDING\r\nAthabasca Landing, the Gateway of the North\u2014English gives place to\n\nhere\u2014Rain and reminiscences\u2014The World's Oldest Trust\r\nCHAPTER IV: DOWN THE ATHABASCA ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTY-FIVE MILES TO GRAND RAPIDS\r\n\"Farewell, Nistow!\"\u2014The rainy deck of a \"sturgeon head\" under a\n\nAthabasca\u2014Nomenclature of the North\u2014Sentinels of the Silence\r\nCHAPTER V: NINETY MILES OF RAPIDS\r\nThe Go-Quick-Her takes the bit in her mouth\u2014Mallards on the\n\ncoal and oil and gas and tar, timber and lime\r\nCHAPTER VI: FORT CHIPEWYAN PAST AND PRESENT\r\nOld Fort Chipewyan\u2014In the footsteps of Mackenzie and Sir John\n\nold books\"\r\nCHAPTER VII: LAKE ATHABASCA AND ITS FOND DU LAC\r\nFarewell to the Mounted Police\u2014Our blankets on the deck\u2014Fern odours by\n\nand the suffragette\r\nCHAPTER VIII: FOND DU LAC TO FORT SMITH\r\nWorld's records beaten on the Athabasca\u2014Down the Slave to Smith's\n\nwhile you wait.\r\nCHAPTER X: PROVIDENCE TO SIMPSON, ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTY MILES DOWN THE MACKENZIE\r\nDrowning of De-deed\u2014Fort Simpson, the old headquarters\u2014A mouldy\n\nfirst year of Victoria the Good.\r\nCHAPTER XI: FORT GOOD HOPE ON THE ARCTIC CIRCLE\r\nTenny Gouley tells us things\u2014Mackenzie River, past and present\u2014The\n\nmore\u2014Potatoes on the Circle\u2014The Little Church of the Open Door\r\nCHAPTER XII: ARCTIC RED RIVER AND ITS ESKIMO\r\nArctic Red River\u2014Wilfrid Laurier, the merger\u2014Mrs. Ila-la-Rocko, the\n\nbladder and enthusiasm\u2014Education that makes for manliness\r\nCHAPTER XIII: FORT MACPHERSON FOLK\r\nSir John Franklin's lobsticks at Point Separation\u2014We reach Fort\n\nthousand years\u2014Baleen, Spermaceti, and Ambergris\u2014Save the Whale\r\nCHAPTER XVII: SOUTH FROM THE ARCTIC TO CHIPEWYAN\r\nLives lost for the sake of a white bead\u2014The stars come back\u2014The Keele\n\nmusk-ox\u2014Tales of 76 below\u2014Two Thursdays in one week\u2014Rabbits on ice\r\nCHAPTER XVIII: TO MC MURRAY AND BACK TO THE PEACE\r\nThe nuptials of 'Norine\u2014Ladies round gents and gents don't go\u2014The\n\nfor Outside\u2014Shipwrecked on a battur", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.9015709161758423, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.5470884442329407, "generated_summary": "The saga of the 'Seattle' pirates, the sexy pirates and the frightened pirates is a tale of two different worlds. The first is the rebirth of the Pirates, and the second is the discovery of the pirates' secrets.", "reference_summary": "The New North is a landmark anthology of contemporary poetry from Northern Ireland with a wide-ranging introduction that gives the reader valuable historical perspective into political and cultural contexts. A brief selection of classic poems by more established authors introduces the featured poets (born between 1956 and 1975); together they represent the past and future of poetry in this small but fertile culture. Through descent and pastiche, influence and departure, the younger poets respond to the North's rich poetic tradition, as well as to previous political and social realities, yet re"}
{"id": "literary_70", "title": "French Ways and Their Meaning", "text": "precautions enjoined in another grave contingency.\r\nOf the two ways, the first is, even in ordinary times, often the most\n\nway, and still see his subject in the light of contrasts.\r\nIt is absurd for an Anglo-Saxon to say: \"The Latin is this or that\"\n\ncaricature and yet bear some resemblance to the original.\r\nLastly, the use of the labels \"Anglo-Saxon\" and \"Latin,\" for purposes of\n\neasy antithesis, must be defended and apologised for.\r\nSuch use of the two terms is open to the easy derision of the scholar.\n\nstill feel and legislate in terms of the prim\u00e6val forest.\r\n[Pg ix]This use of the terms is the more justifiable because one may safely\n\nwith Mediterranean culture and the civic discipline of Rome.\r\nOne can imagine the first Frenchman born into the world looking about\n\nand the Sphinx with a cool eye and a penetrating question.\r\nIt is an immense advantage to have the prim\u00e6val forest as far behind one\n\ndeficiency than for us to criticise it.\r\nThe French are the most human of the human race, the most completely\n\ncloser scrutiny. But nine times out of ten they hit wild.\r\nSome years before the war, a French journalist produced a \"thoughtful\n\ncities, and in many European ones as well.\r\nIt is probable that not a day passes in which the observant American new\n\nthe markets provided, and life in general going on as before.\r\nThe fact that France is able to resist such a strain, and keep up such a\n\nholding the long line from the Yser to Switzerland.\r\nIn 1913 it would have been almost impossible to ask Americans to picture\n\nfighting line centred along the Ohio River.\r\n[Pg 8]One of the cruellest things about a \"people's war\" is that it needs,\n\nGermans we knew at home were easier people to get on with.\"\r\nThe answer is not far to seek. For one thing, the critics in question\n\nits ways, and to be taken for native-born citizens.\r\nThe Germans in Germany are very different; though, even there, they were\n\nwithin my own experience in 1913.\r\nFor the first time in many years I was in German", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.602422833442688, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.5025305151939392, "generated_summary": "The book is a collection of essays by the author, including a biography of the author. It is based on the novel of the same name by the same author.", "reference_summary": "Edith Wharton was devoted to the French people and their culture. During the First World War, while living in France and devoting herself to numerous war and relief efforts, she wrote several essays about the French and the unique attributes of their civilization, having in mind particularly the need for both Americans and the English to understand the ways of a people whose nation they were defending in the Great War. These pieces were first published in book form in 1919, under the title French Ways and Their Meaning."}
{"id": "literary_71", "title": "Shakespeare's England: Life in Elizabethan  Jacobean Times", "text": "Jule Goodman\r\nThe Anchor Inn\r\nOld House at Bridport\r\nRestoration House, Rochester\r\nCharing Cross\r\nKensington Palace\r\nThe Tower of London\r\nOld Water Gate\r\nApproach to Cheshire Cheese\r\nSt. Mary-le-Strand\r\nTemple Church\r\nGower's Monument\r\nAndrews's Monument\r\nOld Tabard Inn, Southwark\r\nWindsor Castle\r\nSt. George's Chapel, Windsor Castle\r\nWindsor Forest and Park\r\nThe Curfew Tower\r\nThe Sign of the Swan\r\nWestminster Hall\r\nThe Mace\r\nGreenwich Hospital\r\nQueen Elizabeth's Cradle\r\nWarwick Castle\r\nOld Inn\r\nWashington Irving's Parlour\r\nFrom the Warwick Shield\r\nHoly Trinity Church, Stratford\r\nThe Inglenook\r\nApproach to Shottery\r\nDistant View of Stratford\r\nWhitehall Gateway\r\nLambeth Palace\r\nDulwich College\r\nThe Crown Inn, Dulwich\r\nOriel Window\r\nFrom the Triforium, Westminster Abbey\r\nChapel of Henry VII.\r\nChapel of Edward the Confessor\r\nThe Poets' Corner\r\nThe North Ambulatory\r\nThe Spaniards, Hampstead\r\nThe Dome of St. Paul's\r\nThe Grange\r\nShakespeare's Birthplace\r\nAnne Hathaway's Cottage\r\nCharlecote\r\nMeadow Walk by the Avon\r\nAntique Font\r\nMonument\r\nGable Window\r\nPeveril Peak\r\nSt. Paul's, from Maiden Lane\r\nThe Charter-house\r\nSt. Giles', Cripplegate\r\nSir John Crosby's Monument\r\nGresham's Monument\r\nGoldsmith's House\r\nA\n\nisle,\r\nThis earth of majesty, this seat of Mars,\r\nThis other Eden, demi-paradise,\r\nThis fortress built by Nature for herself, . . .\r\nThis precious stone set in the silver sea, . . .\r\nThis blessed plot, this earth, this realm, this England, . .\n\nAll that I saw returns upon my view;\r\nAll that I heard comes back upon my ear;\r\nAll that I felt this moment doth renew.\n\nFair land! by Time's parental love made free,\r\nBy Social Order's watchful arms embraced,\r\nWith unexampled union meet in thee,\r\nFor eye and mind, the present and the past;\r\nWith golden prospect for futurity,\r\nIf that be reverenced which ought to last.\n\nsinks to sleep; and this is his first night at sea.\r\nThere is no tediousness of solitude to him who has within himself\n\nAnd the last rites that dust to dust conve", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.9135076403617859, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.5474152565002441, "generated_summary": "The eponymous novel by the author of the first volume of the \"The Adventures of the Man Who Built the World\" is a re-imagining of the classic novel, \"The Man Who Made the World,\" by the writer of the second volume of \"The Woman Who Built The World.\".", "reference_summary": "A collection of some of the best, wittiest and most unusual excerpts from 16th- and 17th-century writing. \"Shakespeare's England\" brings to life the variety, the energy and the harsh reality of England at this time. Providing a portrait of the age, it includes extracts from a wide variety of writers, taken from books, plays, poems, letters, diaries and pamphlets by and about Shakespeare's contemporaries. These include William Harrison and Fynes Moryson (providing descriptions of England), Nicholas Breton (on country life), Isabella Whitney and Thomas Dekker (on London life), Nashe (on struggli"}
{"id": "literary_72", "title": "Two Little Pilgrims' Progress: A Story of the City Beautiful", "text": "world, and had called Meg up to share it with him.\r\nShe had been even more enchanted than he.\r\nThey both hated the world down below\u2014Aunt\n\nwas always a failure.\u201d\r\n\u201cAh, no, Bob,\u201d she said, \u201cnot a failure!\u201d\r\nShe had put her hand on his shoulder, and he\n\nmiles away. Let\u2019s get near the edge and listen.\u201d\r\n11\r\nII\r\nThey drew as near to the edge as they could\n\nas a college course to spend a week there.\u201d\r\nMeg drew a little closer to Robin in the straw.\r\n12\r\n\u201cWhat are they talking about?\u201d she whispered.\r\n\u201cListen,\u201d said Bob.\r\nJerry, who was moving about at some work\n\nallow of a grim little grin.\r\n\u201cWe\u2019ve got the Treasure, Meg,\u201d he said.\r\n21\r\nMeg\u2019s laugh had rather a hysterical sound.\n\nfor about a minute. Then he spoke to her.\r\n\u201cIt\u2019s no use doing that,\u201d he said.\r\n22\r\n\u201cIt\u2019s no use doing anything,\u201d Meg answered,\n\nand a magazine with some pictures in it.\r\n\u201cIt seems like it,\u201d said Robin.\r\n\u201cI\u2019m sure it\u2019s enchanted,\u201d Meg went on. \u201cIt\n\nlump in her throat.\r\n\u201cDo you think we are going to stay here always?\u201d\r\n\u201cI\u2014oh, Robin, I don\u2019t know.\u201d\r\n\u201cWell, I do, then. We are not\u2014and that\u2019s the\n\nand girls wouldn\u2019t stay there.\u201d\r\n\u201cDo you know how old I am?\u201d asked Meg.\r\n\u201cI\u2019ve forgotten.\u201d\r\n34\r\n\u201cI\u2019m twelve years old.\u201d She got up from her\n\nwoman. \u201cYou\u2019ve done first-rate.\u201d\r\n\u201cWill you tell Aunt Matilda that?\u201d said Meg.\r\n\u201cYes,\u201d was the answer.\r\nMeg was standing with her hands clasped\n\nfirst.\r\n\u201cI\u2019ve been making a plan, Meg,\u201d he said.\r\n\u201cHave you?\u201d said Meg. \u201cWhat is it?\u201d\r\n\u201cI\u2019ve been thinking about it for two or three\n\nput out her hand and touched his shoulder.\r\n\u201cRobin!\u201d she said. \u201cOh, Robin!\u201d\r\n\u201cI don\u2019t care,\u201d he said, from the refuge of his\n\nweighing the matter, \u201clet\u2019s!\u201d\r\nAnd she fell to helping to count the Treasure.\r\n52\r\nVI\r\nAfterwards, when they looked back upon that\n\nway to that place is our Pilgrims\u2019 Progress.\u201d\r\n61\r\nVII\r\nAnd the cold days of hard work kept going by,\n\nshe asked.\r\nMeg wakened up with a sort of start.\r\n\u201cI don\u2019t know\u2014exactly,\u201d she said.\r\n\u201cYou don\u2019t know,\u201d said the woman, good-naturedly.\n\nhis way", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.3257835805416107, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The story of a young girl who is a little bit too young to understand the world.", "reference_summary": "The story of a little boy and girl, who, taking their small savings, leave home to visit the World's Fair. This is their Pilgrims' Progress and their interesting adventures."}
{"id": "literary_73", "title": "Barty Crusoe and His Man Saturday", "text": "if he had been somewhere and was returning.\r\n\"Where did you go?\" called Barty.\r\n\"Come along with me,\" said the Good\n\n\"Hello!\" he called, \"were you the ones at the Snow Feast?\"\r\n\"Hello!\" he called, \"were you the ones at theSnow Feast?\"\n\nlook for first?\" the Good Wolf asked him.\r\n\"What do you think?\" said Barty.\r\n\"I want you to tell me,\" replied the\n\nany matches,\" he said.\r\nThe Good Wolf shook his head seriously.\r\n\"No, we haven't any matches,\" he answered.\r\n\"Do you think we should find any if\n\nBarty leaned forward with his hands on his knees and gazed with all his might.\r\nBarty leaned forward with his hands on his knees and gazed with all his might.\n\nThe Pirate Captain took off his hat with a big flourish\r\nThe Pirate Captain took off his hat with a big flourish\n\n\"It is another pirate vessel and it is going to attack us.\"\r\n\"It is another pirate vessel and it is going to attack us.\"\n\nthe polite pirates' ship.\r\nIt was like this:\r\n\"Boom!\" from the impolite pirates.\r\n\"Boom\u2014\u2014boom!\" from the polite pirates.\r\n\"Boom!\" from the impolite pirates.\r\n\"Boom, boom, boom!\" from the polite", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.9036077260971069, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.5389313101768494, "generated_summary": "The story of the sailor who escaped from the Alps and became a stag, was told by a young woman. She was a beautiful woman, but she was not a man. She had been a woman for many years, and her husband was smitten with her.", "reference_summary": "This is the story of a young boy named Barty, who after reading Robinson Crusoe, decides he wants to be on a desert island as well. He has a magical friend, the Good Wolf, who's able to make that happen for him. What kind of adventures will he be able to go on?"}
{"id": "literary_74", "title": "Collector's Item", "text": "Mortland's sun helmet, where it glared at the professor.\r\n\"Since you seem to understand English,\" Miss Anspacher said to the\n\nthe heat as well as the humidity.\r\nMore than that, though, he was humanoid in almost a Hollywood way. He\n\nstruck Professor Bernardi as a particularly handsome and useful gadget.\r\nFor one thing, the people from Earth were standing uncomfortably in the\n\nrelinquished his tail when climbing down from the trees.\r\n\"Thank you,\" the saurian said with uneasy modesty, looking at him. \"Good\n\nof you to think so. You are a fairly intelligent species, aren't you?\"\r\n\"Fairly,\" the professor acknowledged, preoccupied with a clever idea.\n\ndon't you?\"\r\n\"I'm afraid so.\"\r\n\"Then you know what I expect of you?\"\r\n\"Yes, sahib. I'se comin', massa. To hear is to obey, effendi.\" The\n\nscientist with what might have been a smile. \"He doesn't like me.\"\r\n\"I see that your telepathic powers are not quite accurate,\" the\n\nprofessor returned. \"I do not dislike you; I distrust you.\"\r\n\"The fact that the two terms are not entirely synonymous in your\n\nhave happened.\"\r\n\"You mean you would have let the lizard get away with Miss Anspacher?\"\r\nThe big man's face flushed crimson. \"I don't think that's funny,\n\nthe ship? I must admit I'm worried about that mud myself.\"\r\n\"Only remotely dry spot around is an outcropping 'bout two kilometers\n\nforces of nature. On Earth, this might be a monsoon climate.\"\r\n\"If you ask me, that monster is more of a danger than any monsoon.\"\r\nBernardi sighed. Although by far the most competent officer available\n\nstubbornly. \"Might poison us all in our beds.\"\r\n\"Well, don't eat in your bed,\" suggested Mortland, strolling out of the\n\nglad of the chance to hang around and observe us conveniently.\"\r\n\"Observe us!\" Greenfield exclaimed. \"You mean he's spying out the land\n\nfor an attack? Let's prepare our defenses at once!\"\r\n\"I doubt if that's what he has in mind,\" Professor Bernardi said\n\nparty and they were a long way from home.\r\nGreenfield picked a fleck of dried viole", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.310176283121109, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The sahib is a telepathic creature that has been a part of the world for centuries. Its only natural predator is the lizard, which is able to reproduce itself in its own way. But when it becomes too large to be humanoid, it's not just a parasite that can be a threat to mankind.", "reference_summary": "Alpha were-jaguar, Katarina \"KT\" Marant is trained to protect the pride so when her aunt disappears, KT naturally takes up the hunt. Her suspicion settles on the Collectors, humans who view shapeshifters as the ultimate big game.\nPeyton Allers can't believe he's got to blow his cover to rescue a shapeshifter \"princess.\" Even harder to believe is that she wants to stage her own kidnapping in order to catch the leader of the Collectors and find her aunt.\nEverything goes sideways when KT is kidnapped for real and by someone she never suspected. Will Peyton find her before time runs out? Or will s"}
{"id": "literary_75", "title": "White Lightning (Welcome to Nottoway)", "text": "emerge whiter and brighter. The fire was certainly feeding on water.\r\nPresently the dazzling bar of iron was withdrawn, and the sparks began\n\nthat sieve.\r\n\u201cWell, son?\u201d\r\n\u201cI\u2019m looking at your rainbows.\u201d\r\nMarvin went over and slowly tilted the sieve toward the beam of light.\n\ngrinningly toward his father.\r\nChase nodded and smiled.\r\n\u201cSome day, when I\u2019m not making so much useless money, I\u2019ll write a\n\nyou ought to be out with your nine?\u201d\r\n\u201cI want to know what part of water burns?\u201d\r\n\u201cDo you mean is burned?\u201d\r\n\u201cYes, dad.\u201d\r\n\u201cHydrogen.\u201d\r\n\u201cCan I make some?\u201d\r\n\u201cYou can\u2019t make anything. All you can do is to discover things that\n\nis to a self-made man who rather needs to be sworn at.\u201d\r\n\u201cAren\u2019t you a self-made man, dad?\u201d\r\n\u201cNo! I came to this town bare-footed, but it\u2019s only by the grace of\n\nyourself.\u201d\r\n\u201cI will, dad, but can I turn some hydrogen loose?\u201d\r\n\u201cDo you want to blow a hand off?\u201d\r\n\u201cI don\u2019t mind, if I can see how the meat looks.\u201d\r\n\u201cThen go and ask Norah for a marmalade jar. Get a glass one, and wash\n\nhaving slept off the beer on the lake shore.\r\nHis usual and lesser crime was to do all the arithmetic for the bunch\n\neyes and declared it \u201canti-social\u201d not to help the other kids!\r\nMarvin led everything and apparently had no desire to lead anything.\n\nmight be guilty of in the course of the next ten years.\r\nChase lamented that his own energy seemed so little tempered in Marvin\n\nthe room, and having said it returned to his writing.\r\nThere stood Marvin, left to his own devices, permitted to blow his\n\ninserted a piece of glass tubing.\r\nSo far, so good. It was the first time he had been allowed to monkey\n\ncollected in iridescent masses.\r\nGosh, he had the stuff, but was it safe to touch it off? He sat down\n\nhimself able to understand some of it.\r\nHe had long since learned that even solid iron is full of spaces, and\n\nsky one or more moons of negative electricity.\r\nIn other words, the cheek of a girl, which feels so smooth to the\n\nelectricity. He had often felt it thrilling up his arm.\r\nAn", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.3996133804321289, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The saga of the sailor who was a savior of the world, and a man who was an enslaved slave, is told in this book.", "reference_summary": "Clarice Jarrod has it all -- well almost. She has the job of her dreams, and she's just purchased a cute little two-bedroom house with loads of character in Nottoway, Virginia. So why is someone terrorizing her? It isn't until strange things begin to happen that she discovers the previous owner operated a whiskey still and was murdered there thirty-five years ago. And someone wants her gone.\nOne of Nottoway's most eligible and confirmed bachelors, Tylan Chance, sold her the house and feels responsible for the sassy teacher's dilemma. But he quickly finds himself attracted to her. Burned once b"}
{"id": "literary_76", "title": "Regeneration (World of the Whispers #1)", "text": "{v}\u00a0\r\n{vi}\u00a0 \r\n{vii}\u00a0 \r\nTo My Mother\r\nPREFACE\r\nThis volume is the outcome of a course of five lectures on \u201cRegeneration\n\ntreated from this point of view in the present volume.\r\nIf it should appear that at times I have gone out of my way to attack\n\nimportance of the questions involved may be an excuse for the criticism.\r\nIf I may be pardoned a further word of personal import, I should like to\n\nbearing than simply as a treatment of the problems of regeneration.\r\nI wish to acknowledge my many obligations to Professor H. F. Osborn and\n\nGeneral Introduction\r\n\u00a0PAGE\r\nHistorical Account of the Work on Regeneration of Trembley, Bonnet, and Spallanzani1\r\nSome Further Examples of Regeneration6\r\nDefinition of Terms19\r\nCHAPTER II\n\nThe External Factors of Regeneration in Animals\r\nThe Effect of Temperature26\r\nThe Effect of Food27\r\nThe Effect of Light29\r\nThe Effect of Gravity30\r\nThe Effect of Contact33\r\nThe Effect of Chemical Changes in the Environment35\r\nGeneral Conclusions36\r\nCHAPTER III\n\nRegeneration and Liability to Injury\r\nExamples of Supposed Connection between Regeneration and Liability to Injury92\r\nRegeneration in Different Parts of the Body97\r\nRegeneration throughout the Animal Kingdom103\r\nRegeneration and the Theory of Natural Selection108\r\nCHAPTER VI\n\nRegeneration of Internal Organs. Hypertrophy. Atrophy\r\nRegeneration of Liver, Eye, Kidney, Salivary Glands, Bones, Muscles, Nerves, Brain, and Cord of Vertebrates111\r\nExamples of Hypertrophy115\r\nTheories of Hypertrophy118\r\nAtrophy123\r\nIncomplete Regeneration125\r\nCHAPTER VII\n\nSelf-division and Regeneration. Budding and Regeneration. Autotomy. Theories of Autotomy\r\nReview of Groups in which Self-division occurs142{xi}\r\nDivision in Plane of Least Resistance144\r\nReview of Groups in which Budding occurs. Relation of Budding to Regeneration149\r\nAutotomy150\r\nTheories of Autotomy155\r\nCHAPTER IX\n\nGrafting and Regeneration\r\nExamples of Grafting in Hydra, Tubularia, Planarians, Earthworms, Tadpoles159\r\nGrafting Pieces of Organs in Othe", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.5582507848739624, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.5055820345878601, "generated_summary": "The epoch of regeneration is a time of great change.", "reference_summary": "Regeneration is Tessa Rose's debut Young Adult Fantasy!\nDarcey Brooker is a teenage girl, who lives with her aunt because her mother died when she was only ten years old. She thought she was an ordinary girl, but that all changed when an ugly demon tried to take her away from her school. Thankfully for her, a young Whisper Fighter saved her by the name of Theo Lockhart. He was handsome and dangerous, with the ability to conduct some sort of magical power with his mind! It was all strange to her, but Darcey discovered that this was her birth right, as she is also a Whisper.\nDarcey now has to le"}
{"id": "literary_77", "title": "Eve (Eve, #1)", "text": "into decay, and no barges came so far up the river.\r\nThe crags on the Devon side of the Tamar rise many\n\nthe steep side of the hill, and danced into the Tamar.\r\nSeventy or eighty years ago this house was in a better\n\nchild, that gave so slight token of its presence.\r\nAll at once the door opened, and a man stood in the\n\ncame.\r\n\u2018Are you Ignatius Jordan?\u2019\r\n\u2018I am,\u2019 he answered with an effort.\r\n\u2018And I am Ezekiel Babb. I am come for my daughter.\u2019\r\nIgnatius Jordan staggered back against the wall, and\n\nhere last week. Where is she now?\u2019\r\n\u2018She is gone,\u2019 said Jordan in a low tone.\r\n\u2018Gone!\u2014her child is here. When will she return?\u2019\r\n\u2018Return!\u2019\u2014with a sigh\u2014\u2019never.\u2019\r\n\u2018Cursed be the blood that flows in her veins!\u2019 shouted\n\nits lies, its laughter. Gone back to the players and dancers.\u2019\r\nJordan nodded; he could not speak.\r\n\u2018Dead to every call of duty,\u2019 Babb continued with a\n\ncould not break off the yoke. I married.\u2019\r\n[6]\r\nThe child in the cradle began to stir. Jordan rocked it\n\ntenderly, and it dozed off in his arms.\r\n\u2018A girl?\u2019 asked Babb. Jordan nodded.\r\n\u2018Another Eve\u2014a third Eve?\u2019 Jordan nodded again.\n\nsealed. I was a fool. I married that dancing girl.\u2019\r\nHe was silent again, and looked moodily at his pipe.\r\n\u2018I have let the fire die out,\u2019 he said, and rekindled as\n\nafter the play actors or not I never inquired.\u2019\r\n\u2018Did you not go in pursuit?\u2019\r\n\u2018Why should I? She would have run away again.\n\nand she became my wife.\u2019\r\n\u2018You said that you did not marry her.\u2019\r\n\u2018No, not exactly. This is a place quite out of the\n\nthe veins and rolled down into the ocean, and lost\u2014lost\u2014lost!\u2019\r\nJordan sprang from his seat with a gasp and a stifled\n\nthrown up its tiny arms.\r\n\u2018See,\u2019 he exclaimed, \u2018the child hangs also!\u2019\r\nIgnatius Jordan seized the babe, snatched it away from\n\nthreatened blow.\r\n\u2018You\u2014you met her on the Raven Rock?\u2019\r\n\u2018I met her there twice, and I was to have met her\n\nrose to his feet and held out his hand.\r\n\u2018You will lend me the money, two thousand pounds?\u2019\r\n\u2018I will lend you fifteen hundred.\u2019\r\n\u2018I wi", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.37110766768455505, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The story of a young woman who is a snobby, sexy, and a rebellious teenager.", "reference_summary": "The year is 2032, sixteen years after a deadly virus--and the vaccine intended to protect against it--wiped out most of the earth's population. The night before eighteen-year-old Eve's graduation from her all-girls school she discovers what really happens to new graduates, and the horrifying fate that awaits her.\nFleeing the only home she's ever known, Eve sets off on a long, treacherous journey, searching for a place she can survive. Along the way she encounters Caleb, a rough, rebellious boy living in the wild. Separated from men her whole life, Eve has been taught to fear them, but Caleb sl"}
{"id": "literary_78", "title": "Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs Mary Rowlandson", "text": "The sovereignty and goodness of GOD, together with the faithfulness of his\r\n      promises displayed, being a narrative of the captivity and restoration of\r\n      Mrs. Mary Rowlandson, commended by her, to all that desires to know the\r\n      Lord's doings to, and dealings with her. Especially to her dear children\r\n      and relations. The second Addition [sic] Corrected and amended. Written by\r\n      her own hand for her private use, and now made public at the earnest\r\n      desire of some friends, and for the benefit of the afflicted. Deut. 32.39.\r\n      See now that I, even I am he, and there is no god with me, I kill and I\r\n      make alive, I wound and I heal, neither is there any can deliver out of my\r\n      hand.\n\nOn the tenth of February 1675, came the Indians with great numbers upon\r\n      Lancaster: their first coming was about sunrising; hearing the noise of\r\n      some guns, we looked out; several houses were burning, and the smoke\r\n      ascending to heaven. There were five persons taken in one house; the\r\n      father, and the mother and a sucking child, they knocked on the head; the\r\n      other two they took and carried away alive. There were two others, who\r\n      being out of their garrison upon some occasion were set upon; one was\r\n      knocked on the head, the other escaped; another there was who running\r\n      along was shot and wounded, and fell down; he begged of them his life,\r\n      promising them money (as they told me) but they would not hearken to him\r\n      but knocked him in head, and stripped him naked, and split open his\r\n      bowels. Another, seeing many of the Indians about his barn, ventured and\r\n      went out, but was quickly shot down. There were three others belonging to\r\n      the same garrison who were killed; the Indians getting up upon the roof of\r\n      the barn, had advantage to shoot down upon them over their fortification.\r\n      Thus these murderous wretches went on, burning, and destroying before\r\n      them.\n\nOh the", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.5453845858573914, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The book is a collection of essays by the author, including his most recent work, \"The Story of the Indians\" (published in 1675).", "reference_summary": "The sovereignty and goodness of GOD, together with the faithfulness of his promises displayed, being a narrative of the captivity and restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson, commended by her, to all that desires to know the Lord's doings to, and dealings with her. Especially to her dear children and relations. The second Addition [sic] Corrected and amended. Written by her own hand for her private use, and now made public at the earnest desire of some friends, and for the benefit of the afflicted. Deut. 32.39. See now that I, even I am he, and there is no god with me, I kill and I make alive, I w"}
{"id": "literary_79", "title": "The Development of Embroidery in America", "text": "Made by Sioux Indians Facing 12\r\nPIPE BAGS OF PORCUPINE QUILLWORK. Made by Sioux Indians 12\r\nMAN'S JACKET OF PORCUPINE QUILLWORK. Made by Sioux Indians 14\r\nMAN'S JACKET OF PORCUPINE QUILLWORK. Made by Plains Indians 14\r\nCREWEL DESIGN, drawn and colored, which dates back\n\nin 1640, by Madam Susanna, wife of Sylvester Eveleth 22\r\nRAISED EMBROIDERY ON BLACK VELVET. Nineteenth century American 22\r\nQUILTED COVERLET made by Ann Gurnee 26\r\nHOMESPUN WOOLEN BLANKET with King George's Crown embroidered\n\nhome at Fort Lee, N.\u00a0J., where Washington was entertained 26\r\nCHEROKEE ROSE BLANKET, made about 1830, of homespun wool with\n\nDeerfield, Mass. 32\r\nBED COVERS worked in candle wicking 32\r\nSAMPLER worked by Adeline Bryant in 1826, now in the possession\n\nof Anna D. Trowbridge, Hackensack, N.\u00a0J. 50\r\nSAMPLER embroidered in colors on \u00e9cru linen, by Mary Ann Marley, [viii]\n\nby Sarah Ann Smith, of Smithtown, L.\u00a0I. 54\r\nSAMPLER worked by Nancy Dennis, Argyle, N.\u00a0Y., in 1810 56\r\nSAMPLER worked by Nancy McMurray, of Salem, N.\u00a0Y., in 1793 56\r\nPETIT POINT PICTURE which belonged to President John Quincy Adams,\n\nin Bethlehem, and now owned by her granddaughter 64\r\nMORAVIAN EMBROIDERY from Louisville, Ky. 66\r\nLINEN TOWELS embroidered in cross-stitch. Pennsylvania Dutch\n\nin Baltimore in 1814 76\r\nFIRE SCREEN embroidered in cross-stitch worsted 78\r\nFIRE SCREEN, design, \"The Scottish Chieftain,\" embroidered in\n\nof Canandaigua, N.\u00a0Y. 78\r\nEMBROIDERED PICTURE in silks, with a painted sky 80\r\nCORNELIA AND THE GRACCHI. Embroidered picture in silks,\n\nat the age of sixteen while at Mrs. Peabody's school 80\r\nCAPE of white lawn embroidered. Nineteenth century American 84\r\nCOLLARS of white muslin embroidered. Nineteenth century American 84\r\nBABY'S CAP. White mull, with eyelet embroidery.\n\nNineteenth century American 86\r\nBABY'S CAP. Embroidered mull. 1825 86\r\nCOLLAR of white embroidered muslin. Nineteenth century American 86\r\nEMBROIDERED SILK WEDDING WAISTCOAT, 1829. From the\n\nof Mrs. George Coe 88\r\nEMBROIDERY", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.9609604477882385, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.5641943216323853, "generated_summary": "The earliest known work of the aristocrats, the earliest works of the American Revolution, are still in use today.", "reference_summary": "Excerpt: ...is a purely emblematic figure of an emotion, rather than a real mourner. The shading of the monument was generally done in India ink, so that the actual embroidery was confined to the trunk and long 78 branches of weeping willow, and the dress of the figure, and the ground upon which willow and monument and figure stand. The faces being always hidden by the handkerchief, and a tinted satin serving for the sky, the execution of these memorial pictures was comparatively simple. They certainly bear an undue proportion to those happy family portraits where mother and children, or husba"}
{"id": "literary_80", "title": "The Mandarin's Fan", "text": "effect on the Ainsleighs.\"\r\n\"They have been very unlucky since,\" said Rupert gloomily.\r\n\"Not a bit of it--not a bit. The curse of Abbot Raoul, didn't\n\nbed.\"\r\n\"Plenty have died in their beds since.\"\r\n\"But have lost all their money,\" retorted Rupert.\r\n\"It's better to lose money than life,\" said Tidman evasively.\r\n\"I'm not so certain of that Major. But you should talk with Mrs.\n\nPettley about Abbot Raoul's curse. She believes in it.\"\r\n\"And you Ainsleigh?\"\r\nRupert shrugged his shoulders. \"We certainly seem to be most\n\nunlucky,\" said he, declining to commit himself to an opinion.\r\n\"Want of brains,\" snapped the Major, who was one of those men\n\ncurse, or prophecy, or whatever you like to call it----\"\r\n\"I call it rubbish,\" interpolated the sceptic.\r\n\"Well doubting Thomas, it runs like this,--rude enough verse as\n\nbefore. But haven't the Ainsleighs always married poor girls?\"\r\n\"Some did, but then they had money. It must be a poor Ainsleigh\n\ngrandfather were both poor, but they married rich brides.\"\r\n\"And what became of the cash?\"\r\n\"It went--I don't know how--but it went.\"\r\n\"Gold turns to dry leaves in the hands of fools,\" said Tidman\n\nfourth line? how can you get gold from ashes?\"\r\nYoung Ainsleigh rose and began to pace the terrace. \"I'm sure I\n\nsuch a marriage the fourth line will be made clear.\"\r\n\"I shouldn't hang on to that poetry if I were you, Ainsleigh.\n\nhe likes. My advice to you is to marry a dollar heiress.\"\r\nRupert looked savage. \"I love Miss Rayner, and I marry her, or\n\njust jump at you.\"\r\n\"I love Olivia Rayner,\" repeated Ainsleigh doggedly.\r\n\"But the obstacles my dear Don Quixote,\" argued the Major\n\ncompanion, the Pewsey cat.\"\r\n\"Why do you call her a cat--the harmless creature.\"\r\n\"Because she is a cat,\" said Tidman sturdily, \"she'd scratch if\n\nold Miss Wharf does. Then there's Lady Jabe--\"\r\n\"Oh heavens,\" said Rupert and made a wry face.\r\n\"You may well say that. She's a bullying Amazon of uncertain\n\nmarry a clerk in a tea merchant's firm.\"\r\n\"But he's nephew to Lad", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.3141922056674957, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The book is a collection of short stories, poems and essays by the author. It is based on the novel of the same name by the same author.", "reference_summary": "Purchase of this book includes free trial access to www.million-books.comwhere you can read more than a million books for free. This is an OCR edition with typos. Excerpt from book: CHAPTER III. MISS WHARF AT HOME. The best houses in Marport were situated on the cliffs. They stood a considerable way back and had small plots of ground before them, cultivated or not according to the taste of those who owned them. Some of these gardens were brilliant with flowers, others had nothing but shrubs in them, presenting rather a sombre appearance, and a few were bare sunburnt grass-plots, with no adornm"}
{"id": "literary_81", "title": "The Story of Mankind", "text": "Here the stairs came to an end and the ladders began. And after the first\r\n      ladder (a slippery old thing which made one feel his way with a cautious\r\n      foot) there was a new and even greater wonder, the town-clock. I saw the\r\n      heart of time. I could hear the heavy pulsebeats of the rapid seconds\u2014one\u2014two\u2014three\u2014up\r\n      to sixty. Then a sudden quivering noise when all the wheels seemed to stop\r\n      and another minute had been chopped off eternity. Without pause it began\r\n      again\u2014one\u2014two\u2014three\u2014until at last after a warning\r\n      rumble and the scraping of many wheels a thunderous voice, high above us,\r\n      told the world that it was the hour of noon.\n\nOn the next floor were the bells. The nice little bells and their terrible\r\n      sisters. In the centre the big bell, which made me turn stiff with fright\r\n      when I heard it in the middle of the night telling a story of fire or\r\n      flood. In solitary grandeur it seemed to reflect upon those six hundred\r\n      years during which it had shared the joys and the sorrows of the good\r\n      people of Rotterdam. Around it, neatly arranged like the blue jars in an\r\n      old-fashioned apothecary shop, hung the little fellows, who twice each\r\n      week played a merry tune for the benefit of the country-folk who had come\r\n      to market to buy and sell and hear what the big world had been doing. But\r\n      in a corner\u2014all alone and shunned by the others\u2014a big black\r\n      bell, silent and stern, the bell of death.\n\nThen darkness once more and other ladders, steeper and even more dangerous\r\n      than those we had climbed before, and suddenly the fresh air of the wide\r\n      heavens. We had reached the highest gallery. Above us the sky. Below us\r\n      the city\u2014a little toy-town, where busy ants were hastily crawling\r\n      hither and thither, each one intent upon his or her particular business,\r\n      and beyond the jumble of stones, the wide greenness of the open country.\n\nSince then, whenever I h", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.45642292499542236, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The eponymous novel of the same name by the author of the first volume of the \"The Adventures of the Dutch\" series, \"The Tale of the Germans\" is a story of the adventures of the empathetic and naive young man who has been a part of the world for many years.", "reference_summary": "The Story of Mankind, van Loon's renowned classic--originally published in 1921--was the winner of the first John Newbery Medal. With warmth, simplicity and wisdom, The Story of Mankind sweeps from the origins of human life to contemporary times. Drawings and maps."}
{"id": "literary_82", "title": "Under Lock and Key: The Experiment (Under Lock and Key, #1)", "text": "alight from the railway carriage, to hear him say:--\r\n\"'Jasmin, my good fellow, I find that it will not do for me to part\n\nwith me. I will make your excuses to M. Platzoff.'\r\n\"'Right you are, sir,' said I. 'Where shall I tell cabby to drive to?'\r\n\"'To the Salisbury Hotel, Fleet-street.'\r\n\"Captain Ducie was such an undoubted West-end swell that I was rather\n\nobey, and not to question his behests.\r\n\"'Get into the cab: I want to talk to you,' said he. 'On one or two\n\nfellow.'\r\n\"It is very kind of you to say so, sir,' I answered respectfully.\r\n\"'Now, for certain reasons which I need not detail, I do not want my\n\nremember Mr. Stonor from the country?'\r\n\"'I shall not forget it, sir--you may trust me for that.'\r\n\"'Yes, if I had not felt that I could trust you, I should not have\n\nbrought you so far, nor have taken you so deeply into my confidence.'\r\n\"Father! for the first time these dozen years your son blushed.\n\ncondemned to stay in bed for at least a week to come.\r\n\"There is no occasion to weary you with too many details. A week--ten\n\nto submit its contents each morning to a most painstaking search.\r\n\"After the sixth day there was a decided improvement in the condition\n\nway that I was enabled to build up my suspicions into a certainty.\r\n\"If he had made himself master of the Diamond, he had done so\n\nmay suit you best.' All the same, I had no intention of going.\r\n\"What I intended was to bid farewell to Captain Ducie, take a cab to\n\nI left him fully satisfied that he would do it.\r\n\"A cab was ordered, my modest portmanteau was tossed on to the roof,\n\nEuston station in less than five hours after I had left it.\r\n\"My first object was to thoroughly disguise myself: no very difficult\n\nMeanwhile I kept carefully out of the captain's way.\r\n\"At 8.35 p.m. my cab was following that of the captain down the\n\nwhich the cabman handed over to one of the porters.\r\n\"'Where shall I label your luggage for, sir?' asked the man: it was\n\ntoo large to be taken into the carriage.\r\n\"The captain hesit", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.4125765264034271, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The story of a young man who is a scheming, ruthless and adroitly manipulative man. He is the only one who can be trusted by his own family.", "reference_summary": "Saedie Parks is home from college with just one hope: that there will be snow in the mountains before Thanksgiving is over. She is the daughter of a well renowned lab scientist who goes inexplicably insane. They become caught in the grip of an inthinkable act of insanity as she's forced to stay and face his gruesome crime in order to attempt to save her brothers and sister from what he's become. After that their lives become changed forever as they are thrust into a world of medical experimentation and government corruption.\nUnder Lock and Key: The Experiment is a gripping Psychological Thrill"}
{"id": "literary_83", "title": "813", "text": "[Pg 3]\r\n813\r\nCHAPTER I\r\nTHE TRAGEDY AT THE PALACE HOTEL\r\nMr. Kesselbach stopped short on the threshold of the sitting-room, took\n\nhis secretary's arm and, in an anxious voice, whispered:\r\n\"Chapman, some one has been here again.\"\r\n\"Surely not, sir,\" protested the secretary. \"You have just opened the\n\nThat bag was shut. It is now open.\"\r\nChapman protested.\r\n\"Are you quite sure that you shut it, sir? Besides, the bag contains\n\nnothing but odds and ends of no value, articles of dress. .\u00a0.\u00a0.\"\r\n\"It contains nothing else, because I took my pocket-book out before we\n\nI tell you, some one has been here while we were at lunch.\"\r\nThere was a telephone on the wall. He took down the receiver:\r\n[Pg 4]\"Hallo! .\u00a0.\u00a0. I'm Mr. Kesselbach. .\u00a0.\u00a0. Suite 415 .\u00a0.\u00a0. That's right.\n\nsecond .\u00a0.\u00a0. Ah, here it is! Number 822.48. .\u00a0.\u00a0. I'll hold the line.\"\r\nA moment later he continued:\r\n\"Are you 822.48? I should like a word with M. Lenormand, the chief of\n\nChapman, the secretary, slept, looked out on the Rue de Jud\u00e9e.\r\n[Pg 5]Adjoining this bedroom, a suite of five rooms had been reserved for Mrs.\n\nstaying, and join her husband the moment she heard from him.\r\nRudolf Kesselbach walked up and down for a few minutes with a thoughtful\n\nfive rooms reserved for Mrs. Kesselbach was locked and bolted.\r\n\"I can't understand it at all, Chapman. Time after time I have noticed\n\ncertainly been touched. .\u00a0.\u00a0. And yet how was it possible? .\u00a0.\u00a0.\r\n\"It is not possible, sir!\" cried Chapman, whose honest, placid features\n\nyour own man, Edwards, has the only duplicate. Do you trust him?\"\r\n\"Of course I do! .\u00a0.\u00a0. He's been with me for ten years! .\u00a0.\u00a0. But\n\nHe must not go down, in future, until we come back.\"\r\nChapman gave a slight shrug of the shoulders. There was no doubt about\n\nand I have some serious work to do.\"\r\nThe serious work lasted for a few minutes, during which Mr. Kesselbach\n\nthis pin did not come here of itself.\"\r\n[Pg 7]\"Certainly not,\" replied the secretary. \"It came here through me.\"\r\n\"What do you mean?\"\r\n", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.506241500377655, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The saga of the 'Secretary of the Palace' is a story of the life and times of the first-century Frenchman, who was a member of the Royal Family.", "reference_summary": "When one of Arsene Lupin' victims is found dead in a way that implicates the wily criminal, he insists on heading the police search for the real murderer. The mystery involves finding a package of letters once written to Bismarck, locating a clock on which the number 813 has significance, as well as causing a reigning emperor to make several journeys incognito. Murders by the dozens, suicide and mild forms of torture are warp and woof of the plot."}
{"id": "literary_84", "title": "One Day More", "text": "To right, two yellow brick cottages belonging to Captain Hagberd, one\r\n      inhabited by himself the other by the Carvils. A lamp-post in front. The\r\n      red roofs of the town in the background. A sea-wall to left.\n\nCURTAIN RISES DISCLOSING CARVIL and Bessie moving away from sea-wall.\r\n      Bessie about twenty-five. Black dress; black straw hat. A lot of\r\n      mahogany-coloured hair loosely done up. Pale face. Full figure. Very\r\n      quiet. Carvil, blind, unwieldy. Reddish whiskers; slow, deep voice\r\n      produced without effort. Immovable, big face.\n\nCarvil (Hanging heavily on Bessie's arm). Careful! Go slow! (Stops;\r\n      Bessie waits patiently.) Want your poor blind father to break his\r\n      neck? (Shuffles on.) In a hurry to get home and start that\r\n      everlasting yarn with your chum the lunatic?\n\nCarvil. Well, then, go steady with a poor blind man. Blind! Helpless! (Strikes\r\n      the ground with his stick.) Never mind! I've had time to make enough\r\n      money to have ham and eggs for breakfast every morning\u2014thank God!\r\n      And thank God, too, for it, girl. You haven't known a single hardship in\r\n      all the days of your idle life. Unless you think that a blind, helpless\r\n      father\u2014\u2014\u2014-\n\nCarvil (Snarls). It's mine, perhaps. Can I help being blind? You\r\n      fret because you want to be gadding about\u2014with a helpless man left\r\n      all alone at home. Your own father too.\n\nCarvil (Viciously). He's a lunatic, our landlord is. That's what he\r\n      is. Has been for years\u2014long before those damned doctors destroyed my\r\n      sight for me. (Growls angrily, then sighs.)\n\nCarvil. (Grimly). Don't everybody know how he came here from the\r\n      North to wait till his missing son turns up\u2014here\u2014of all places\r\n      in the world. His boy that ran away to sea sixteen years ago and never did\r\n      give a sign of life since! Don't I remember seeing people dodge round\r\n      corners out of his way when he came along High Street. Seeing him, I tell\r\n      you.", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.7863225340843201, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.5185403823852539, "generated_summary": "The story of the sailor who was blind and unable to see, is a tale of a man who had to make his own way through the wilderness.", "reference_summary": "This captivating and poignant 50-page digital original short story is a prequel to New York Times bestselling author Aprilynne Pike's Life After Theft--a haunting novel about the true cost of paying for one's mistakes.\nMost teenagers would do anything to have Kimberlee Schaffer's life. But beneath the beauty, the wealth, and the popularity, Kimberlee has a terrible problem: an uncontrollable, insatiable need to steal. Over the years, she's learned to hide her secret from those closest to her, but now it's completely consuming her life--and Kimberlee is afraid that if she doesn't find a way to "}
{"id": "literary_85", "title": "Madeleine", "text": "her lap. She had a remarkable gift for absolute stillness.\r\n[6]\r\nAt the end of a quarter of an hour, she went to her\n\ntruthfully.\r\n\u2018Have you seen the Coigneux and the Troguins?\u2019\r\n\u2018We have much commerce with the Troguins.\u2019\r\n\u2018And has not the d\u00e9sir de parroistre been flourishing\n\nthe good wood of life, as if it were a great maypole.\u2019\r\n\u2018And I am clearly on the other side!\u2019 cried Madame\n\ngive the note of the evening\u2019s intimacy.\r\n\u2018What are you pondering?\u2019 he said at last.\r\n\u2018\u2019Twould be hard to say, Jacques.... I\u2019m exceeding\n\nafter a pause, watching her curiously.\r\nMadeleine blushed, and answered nervously:\u2014\r\n\u2018Yes, \u2019tis good for the spleen\u2014the doctor told me\n\nI sometimes have when things swell and swell.\u2019\r\n\u2018When things swell and swell?\u2019\r\n\u2018Yes, \u2019tis what I call my Dutch dream, for it ever[30]\n\ntalk? However, she went back with a sigh of resignation.\r\nAfter a few minutes she said with a little excited\n\nill-favoured, tedious little imp.\u2019\r\n\u2018No, Jacques!\u2019\r\n\u2018A scurvy, lousy, bombastic\u2014\u2014\u2019\r\n\u2018Oh! Jacques, forbear, for God\u2019s sake!\u2019\r\n\u2018Provincial\u2014\u2014\u2019\r\n\u2018Oh! Jacques, no more, I\u2019ll scream till you hold\n\nshe rushed to Jacques and flung her arms round his neck.\r\n\u2018I am furiously grateful to you!\u2019 she cried. \u2018I felt\n\nshould be father and daughter.)\r\nJulie\u2019s eyes grew rounder and rounder at each word.\r\n\u2018J\u00e9sus, Madeleine Troqueville! what a fine lady\n\nsmall mole on her cheek, she had not seen it before.\r\nThen came such a scolding as she had never before\n\nmore than ever inclined to give in to her in everything.\r\nThe doctor had advised her to continue taking an\n\nat first this brought to her a sense of very great peace.\r\nHer favourite of the Port-Royal books was La\n\nrunning till the process made her feel sick and dizzy.\r\nShe opened the book again. This time her eyes fell\n\nMademoiselle Troqueville,\r\nPetite Rue du Paon,\r\nAbove the baker Paul,\r\nAt the Sign of the Cock,\r\nNear the Coll\u00e8ge de Bourgogne.\n\non Thursday.\r\nBlessed Saint Magdalene, make me shine on Thursday.\r\nBlessed Virgin, Mother of Our Lord", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.47904983162879944, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The epoch of the French Revolution is a time when the world was in turmoil. The world was a place of fear, and the world had to be re-enforced. But the world is now a world of danger.", "reference_summary": "Although Madeleine Bates and Sophia Parkinson were both eighteen years old, the contrast between their two lives could not have been greater. Sophia, spoilt pretty daughter of Helsdon's richest mill owner, lived a life of petted indulgence at Mount Royd, the Parkinson home. Madeleine - daughter of a tyrannical and bigoted father who worked in the Parkinson mill - spent her time either at chapel, or working a fourteen hour day as housemaid at Mount Royd, a victim of Sophia's whims and occasional spitefulness. But Madeleine - who beneath her obedient and dutiful exterior was volatile, strong-wil"}
{"id": "literary_86", "title": "Clean Break: The Story of Germany's Energy Transformation and What Americans Can Learn from It", "text": "Orella Simms of Tampa, to whom he was now engaged.\r\nTo put it plainly, Oliver was until the moment of his Great\n\nwould he go, and to whom could he turn in emergency?\r\nSuch was the character and condition of Oliver Watts when his newly\n\nacquired animals that forced him to breach his isolation.\r\nMr. Furnay called at the Watts place in his town car, driven by a\n\nChamp's predictable bid for revenge.\r\n\"Convulsions? What sort of animal is it, Mr. Furnay?\"\r\n\"A polar bear,\" said Mr. Furnay.\r\n\"Polar bear!\" echoed Oliver, and in his shock of surprise he dropped a\n\nwhere even the pets....\"\r\nHe broke off sharply as Oliver turned from the cage.\r\n\"I'm truly sorry, Mr. Furnay,\" Oliver apologized. \"If there's anything\n\nI can do ... a dressing for Bivins' leg\u2014\"\r\nMr. Furnay gathered himself with an effort. \"It is nothing, a scratch\n\nsound. Mr. Furnay's bear, he thought, in all probability had worms.\r\nThe Furnay town car purred away, leaving Oliver to marvel at his own\n\nOliver by this time was in too great a hurry to stop and retrieve it.\r\nHis Aunt Katisha might spoil the whole adventure on the instant with a\n\nstir of purring and growling and pacing.\r\nOliver gaped when his eyes dilated enough to show him the real extent\n\noperatic effect, through two full octaves.\r\nOliver stared. \"I'm here to doctor the sick bear,\" he said.\r\n\"Oh, a native,\" the girl said in English.\r\nObviously she was trying to keep her voice within the tonal range of\n\nunfamiliar weakness of the knees.\r\n\"May I help?\" she said.\r\nShe might, Oliver replied. She could have had as readily, he might\n\nshrugging off his Aunt Katisha's certain disapproval.\r\nThe young lady, it seemed, came from a foreign country whose name was\n\nshe was as a consequence very lonely.\r\nShe was, incredibly, a trainer of animals.\r\n\"Not of such snarling fierce ones as yours,\" she said, with a little\n\n\"but of my own gentle beasts, who are friends.\"\r\nHer name was a startling combination of soprano sounds that might have\n\nearth temblor.\r\nHis client reori", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.3482511341571808, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The story of a young man who is a polar bear and a local explorer. He is unable to find his way back to the world, and he is unsure of what to do.", "reference_summary": "This book tells the story of Germany's energy transformation and what Americans can learn from it. How is the European Union's biggest and most powerful economy making a clean break with coal, oil and nuclear energy? It is something most Americans would say is impossible, but already 25 percent of Germany's energy comes from renewable sources. It is on track to reach 80 percent by 2050, and some experts say it could reach 100 percent by then.\nGermany's energiewende, or energy transformation, is really a very American story that revolves around self-reliant individuals, a responsive democracy, "}
{"id": "literary_87", "title": "Murphy (F.I.S.T.S. #2)", "text": "TO\r\nTHAT VAST HOST IN THE HUMAN FAMILY\r\nTHAT LOVES DOGS\r\nAND THAT INCLUDES WITHIN ITS RANKS\r\nTHE GOOD, THE GREAT, AND THE INSIGNIFICANT\r\nTHESE PAGES\r\nARE RESPECTFULLY INSCRIBED\r\nBY ONE OF\r\nTHE COMMON RANK AND FILE\n\n\u201cCan such fidelity be all for naught?\r\nIs virtue less true virtue that it beats\r\nIn a hound\u2019s faithful breast? No, Graf, the thought\r\nOf thy pure, true and faultless life defeats\n\nAll doubt. No! Virtue lives for ever, and the same,\r\nWhether in man, or in his faithful friend\r\nWho looked but could not speak his love. The flame\r\nThat warmed thy faithful heart can never end\n\nIn dark oblivion. If not a Soul\r\nIs thine, at least is Life. The same great hand\r\nMade thee and us; but where upon the scroll,\r\nAt day of Judgment, shall be found to stand\n\nA human soul so faithful to the end,\r\nSo true as thou hast been? God\u2019s great design\r\nAwaits both thee and us. Good-bye, sweet friend,\r\nAnd may our lives be simply true as thine.\u201d\n\n\u201cHast thou some charm, which draws about thee thus\r\nThe hearts of all our house\u2014even to the beast\r\nThat lacks discourse of reason, but too oft,\r\nWith uncorrupted feeling and dumb faith,\r\nPuts lordly man to shame?\u201d\n\n\u201cMine is no narrow creed;\r\nAnd He who gave thee being did not frame\r\nThe mystery of life to be the sport\r\nOf merciless man. There is another world\r\nFor all that live and move\u2014a better one!\r\nWhere the proud bipeds, who would fain confine\r\nInfinite goodness to the little bounds\r\nOf their own charity, may envy thee!\u201d\n\n\u201cThere are men both good and wise who hold that, in a future state,\r\nDumb creatures we have cherished here below\r\nWill give us joyous greeting as we pass the golden gate.\r\nIs it folly if I hope it may be so?\u201d", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.7464050054550171, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.5191730856895447, "generated_summary": "The first book in the series of books by author and illustrator John Sullivan, this is the first book to be published by the publisher. It is the second book to feature the work of Sullivan and his wife, and the third to feature a new book by Sullivan.", "reference_summary": "Novellette (17,853 words)\nGenre(s): Science Fiction, Erotica, Military, BDSM, Gay\nSometimes when it seems like it's too late, the right person comes along and opens your eyes...\nMurphyis the continuing story of a D/s relationship between two Space Marines who found each other in the midst of hopelessness and misfortune.\nSarge and his newly minted squad travel across the galaxy on a top-secret mission that could help win the war. However, to Murphy something about the mission stinks, and it's not just the planet they've landed on."}
{"id": "literary_88", "title": "The Boy with the U.S. Census", "text": "sweeps over the land and the call for volunteers is abroad.\r\nIn hazardous scout duty into these fields of danger the Census Bureau\n\ncensus-taker, I think I'd like to apply for this district.\"\r\nThe old Kentucky mountaineer, who had been steadily working his way\n\nof the page, and eyed the boy steadfastly.\r\n\"What for?\" he queried.\r\n\"I think I could do it better than almost anybody else in this section,\"\n\ncensus business seems kind of inquisitive some way to me.\"\r\n\"But it seems to me that it's the right kind of 'inquisitive.'\"\r\n\"I reckon I hadn't thought o' there bein' more'n one kind of\n\nso, I s'pose it's all right.\"\r\n\"But don't you think the questions are easy enough?\" asked the boy.\r\n\"They may be easy, but thar's no denyin' that some of 'em are mighty\n\nunpleasant to answer.\"\r\n\"But if they are necessary?\"\r\n\"Thar's a-plenty o' folks hyeh in the mount'ns that yo' c'n never make\n\nsee how knowin' their private affairs does the gov'nment any good.\"\r\n\"But you don't feel that way, Uncle Eli, surely?\"\r\n\"Wa'al, I don' know. Settin' here talkin' about it, I know it's all\n\nsat down an' read those tables an' tables o' figures?\"\r\n\"Not for fun, perhaps,\" the boy admitted. \"But it isn't done for the\n\nthat the census isn't at the back of.\"\r\n\"I don't see how that is. They don't ask about a man's politics, I\n\nseat is based on their information.\"\r\n\"I suppose you'd say the same about schools, too.\"\r\n\"Of course,\" the boy answered.\r\n\"But I hear the Census Bureau this year wants all sorts of information\n\nabout the crops an' the number of pigs kept an' all that sort o' stuff.\"\r\n\"Don't you think the food of all the people of the United States is\n\naccountant business I learned a lot from him.\"\r\n\"Your dad, he was a great hand fo' figures, so I s'pose yo' come by it\n\nnaturally enough. An' you're jes' sure you've passed?\"\r\n\"I haven't heard one way or the other,\" said Hamilton, \"but I'm pretty\n\nbusiness of the gov'nment, an' I'd let them do it.\"\r\n\"But I'm hoping to work right with the government a", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.3314443528652191, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The first book in the series of books by author and journalist John A. Reilly, which was published in 1897, is a collection of short stories about the lives of the people who lived in the United States. It is based on the story of the first book of the series, \"The Greatest Generation,\" which was written by the author and reporter, John A-P.", "reference_summary": "This collection of literature attempts to compile many of the classic, timeless works that have stood the test of time and offer them at a reduced, affordable price, in an attractive volume so that everyone can enjoy them."}
{"id": "literary_89", "title": "The Cliff-Dwellers", "text": "soot-flakes and the woof of damp-drenched smoke.\r\nThe explorer who has climbed to the shoulder of one of these great\n\ncliff-climbing for the frail of physique and the pressed for time.\r\nThe tribe inhabiting the Clifton is large and rather heterogeneous.\n\ncertain home offices in mind,\r\n\"Now, why can't our people do as much for us?\"\r\nIndeed, there is cause enough for envy in that small square of velvety\n\nis quite unlikely to hurry you out before you have finished.\r\n\"Don't be in such a drive,\" he will perhaps say to you; \"stay and smoke\n\ntrim neatness of their own clothes and conversation.\r\nIt may be guessed that this snug haven of refuge has been established\n\nthe West as a mild form of punishment and exile.\r\n\"It does give me a little elbow-room, though.\"\r\nThis is the silent acknowledgment that Walworth sometimes makes to\n\nsaid that his stomach was in Chicago, while his brains were in Boston.\r\nWalworth, considering his family training and traditions, is\n\nfaces\u2014on the looker's own level\u2014gives the hour as half-past ten.\r\n\"Well, we are living up on Pine Street, Mr. Ogden,\" he is saying; \"just\n\ncan promise to be the first on the ground when you call on us there.\"\r\nHe is running his fingers over the edges of several little sheets of\n\nbut the mail is light. Ferguson will look after it. Sit down again.\"\r\nThe visitor, thus urged, sank back into the chair from which he had\n\nexpressed a fair amount of self-reliance and any amount of hope.\r\n\"And how are you finding the West Side?\" Walworth pursued. \"I don't\n\nsmiled a little wistfully. \"About the only people so far that do.\"\r\n\"Well, I have heard that there are some pretty good streets over\n\ntwo of them with a confirmatory slam.\r\n\"Yes, here we are,\" she seemed to imply.\r\nIn Mrs. Walworth Floyd our young man met a lean and anxious little\n\nWhat's in a name? Sometimes nothing; sometimes a whole biography.\r\n\"I have been telling Mr. Ogden,\" said Walworth, \"that he ought to\n\nEastern pilgrim to our little what-you-may-call-it\u2014oasis, you k", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.5020186901092529, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.5002427697181702, "generated_summary": "The first book in the series of books by the author, \"The Book of the Dead\" is a collection of short stories written by the writer. It is based on the novel of the same name by the same author.", "reference_summary": "The Cliff-Dwellers is a scathing portrayal of greed and capitalism in nineteenth-century Chicago.\nThe Cliff-Dwellers was the first American realist novel to use the rapidly developing city of Chicago as its setting. Henry Blake Fuller's depiction of social climbing and human depravity among the \"cliff-dwelling\" residents and workers in the new Chicago skyscrapers shocked readers of the time, and influenced many American writers that followed. With its frenetic pace and many interrelated stories, it remains a compelling document of Chicago's social history, as well as a searing indictment of mo"}
{"id": "literary_90", "title": "James Madison", "text": "From the original painting by Gilbert Stuart in the possession of\r\nCharles Cotesworth Pinckney, D. D., LL. D., Charleston, S. C.\n\nhe made a mistake as to the date does not seem to have been discovered.\r\nIt was accidental that Port Conway was the birthplace of Madison. His\n\ntavern or a horse-race than in the discharge of his clerical duties.\r\nAs Mr. Madison had only to say of his immediate ancestors\u2014which seems\n\nletter, now for the first time published:[6]\u2014\r\nMontpellier, August 9, 1833.\r\nDear Sir,\u2014Since your letter of the 3d of June came to hand, my\n\nto be so.\r\nWith friendly respects, James Madison.\r\nLyman C. Draper, Lockport, N. Y.\r\nThe genealogical statement, it will be observed, does not go farther\n\nlost votes because he would do nothing to encourage it in others.\r\n[19]The country lost a good representative, but their loss was his gain. The\n\napprehensions might have been changed to despair; for he writes:[20]\u2014\r\n\"Our army threatened with an immediate alternative of disbanding or\n\nthe enemy from every part of the United States.\"\r\n[21]But nobody knew better than he the difficulty of raising funds except by\n\nwas not merely diligent but absorbed in the duties of his office.\r\nHe was more faithful to his constituents than his constituents sometimes\n\ncarrying the mails or for Indian supplies.\r\nRelief, however, came at last. An appeal was made in a letter to the\n\ndebtors.\" It is to be hoped it came without further chiding.[4]\r\nThe young member was not less attentive to his congressional duties\n\nvictory, and in the hope that the cause was gained at last.\r\nAll the letters have this preternatural solemnity, as if each was a\n\nGates probably would have done it if he could.\r\nTo avert this threatened danger; to contrive[30] taxation that should so\n\nCongress was not to be moved by a little thing of that sort.\r\nThe attitude of his own State sometimes embarrassed him in the\n\nproposed that Mr. Jay should be reinstructed accordingly.\r\nMr. Madison was not in the least shaken in his con", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.5655286908149719, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.50361168384552, "generated_summary": "The first book in the series of books by the author, \"The History of the American Civil War\" is a biography of the Civil War. It was written by the writer and published in 1833.", "reference_summary": "James Madison led one of the most influential and prolific lives in American history, and his storyalthough all too often overshadowed by his more celebrated contemporariesis integral to that of the nation. Madison helped to shape our country as perhaps no other Founder: collaborating on the Federalist Papers and the Bill of Rights, resisting government overreach by assembling one of the nations first political parties (the Republicans, who became todays Democrats), and taking to the battlefield during the War of 1812, becoming the last president to lead troops in combat."}
{"id": "literary_91", "title": "A Woman's War", "text": "know that she had made the man\u2019s home dear to him.\r\nA standard-lamp was burning in the hall, the light\n\nenough as she picked up an empty glass.\r\n\u201cJames\u2014\u201d\r\nThere was mirth in the voice, but her eyes showed a\n\nfrom him with a set jaw and an awakened manhood.\r\nThen for the first time in life he learned the value of a\n\nsorrow.\r\n\u201cKate, how can you bear this!\u201d\r\n\u201cBear it, dear?\u201d\r\n\u201cFinding so much of the beast in me. My God, I\n\nbreast comforts a child at night.\r\n\u201cI am glad you have told me\u2014all.\u201d\r\n\u201cYes\u2014all.\u201d\r\n\u201cIt helps me, it will help us both.\u201d\r\n\u201cI ought to have told you long ago,\u201d he said.\r\n\u201cBut then\u2014\u201d\r\n\u201cI thought that I had killed the thing, and I loved you,\n\nthoughts.\r\n\u201cKate, you must help me to fight this down\u2014\u201d\r\n\u201cYes.\u201d\r\n\u201cFor their sakes, the children\u2014for yours. I think that\n\n\u201cAh\u2014I am glad I know, dear, I can do so much.\u201d\r\nJames Murchison bent down and drew her into his arms,\n\nof their children playing.\r\n\u201cShall we go up to them?\u201d she said, at last.\r\n\u201cYes\u201d\u2014and she knew by his face that he was praying,\n\nwill do me good. God bless you\u2014\u201d\r\nAnd they kissed each other.\r\nCHAPTER III\r\nMrs. Betty Steel sat alone at the breakfast-table\n\nmanner and an incisive cut of the mouth and chin.\r\n\u201cAny news in this hub of monotony?\u201d\r\nHis wife put down the paper, and called back the dog\n\nhimself in the compilation of statistics.\r\n\u201cMurchison not there, I suppose?\u201d he asked.\r\n\u201cThe wife\u2014quite sufficient.\u201d\r\nHer husband smiled, showing the regular white teeth\n\ntake it.\u201d\r\n\u201cNot worth the trouble.\u201d\r\nMrs. Betty\u2019s dark eyes condemned the assertion.\r\n\u201cDirt\u2019s money in the wrong place, as they say in trade,\n\nam?\u201d he said, passing his cup over the red tea cosy.\r\n\u201cI suppose the woman gushes for him, just as I work\n\nmy wits for you.\u201d\r\n\u201cThe Amazons of Roxton.\u201d\r\n\u201cWe live in a civilized age, Parker, but the battle is no\n\nspeak are winged for a final end.\u201d\r\n\u201cYou are clever enough, Betty,\u201d he confessed.\r\n\u201cWe both have brains\u201d\u2014and she gave an ironical\n\nStreet.\u201d\r\n\u201cAnd with the wife?\u201d\r\n\u201cThat is my affair.\u201d\r\nSuch lif", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.5272912383079529, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.5004178285598755, "generated_summary": "The epoch of the first novel of the same name, \"The Book of the Dead,\" is a story of a young woman who has been swept up in the world of the supernatural. She is smitten by the mysterious and beautiful man she has been searching for. But when she discovers that her husband is dead, she is tempted to take revenge on him.", "reference_summary": "A story of a young MD in the 1890s struggling with his addiction to alcohol and the support of his wife and family."}
{"id": "literary_92", "title": "The Passenger from Calais", "text": "the Lucerne sleeping-car of the Engadine express.\r\nRoom! When I reached the siding where this train de luxe was drawn up,\n\nalone. [10] \r\n\"Not very busy?\" I said, with a laugh to the conductor.\r\n\"Parbleu,\" replied the man, polyglot and cosmopolitan, like most of\n\n\"I never saw the like before.\"\r\n\"I shall have a compartment to myself, then?\"\r\n\"Monsieur may have the whole carriage if he wishes\u2014the whole five\n\nof something special in this obvious scarcity of coming tips.\r\n\"The train will run, I hope? I am anxious to get on.\"\r\n\"But assuredly it will run. Even without monsieur it would run. The\n\nand a porter laden with light luggage.\r\nAs they came up I discreetly withdrew to my  [11] own compartment, the\n\nbut very sweet voice, and in excellent French.\r\n\"Places?\" echoed the conductor. \"Madame can have fifty.\"\r\n\"What did I tell madame?\" put in the official who had escorted her.\r\n\"I don't want fifty,\" she replied, pettishly, crossly, \"only two. A\n\nshe swung it to and fro rhythmically was that of a nurse and child.\r\n\"If madame prefers, the maid and infant can be accommodated apart,\"\n\nman, not at all the other sort\u2014you know the sort I mean.\"\r\nNow while I accepted the compliment to myself, I was greatly mystified\n\nby the allusion to the \"other sort of man.\"\r\n\"You think we can go on, that it's safe, even in this empty train? It\n\nunobserved among a lot of people.\"\r\n\"But then there would have been a lot of  [13] people to observe us; some\n\none, perhaps, who knew you, some one who might send word.\"\r\n\"I wish I knew who this passenger is. It would make me much easier in\n\nme shiver. To turn thief! Me, a common thief!\"\r\n\"Stealing is common enough, and it don't matter greatly, so long as\n\nneither at the doing or the memory of evil deeds.\r\nNow the conductor came up and civilly bowed them towards their\n\nmore at leisure.\r\n\"A daughter of the gods, divinely tall and most divinely fair.\"\r\nThe height and slimness of her graceful figure enhanced by the\n\nchestnut hair, gathered into a knot under ", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.4207761287689209, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The Lucerne sleeping-car of the Engadine express. Room! When he wishes, with the whole five of something special in this obvious scarcity of coming tips.", "reference_summary": "After a rough crossing from Dover, Colonel Basil Annesley finds he is the only passenger on the Engardine Express from Calais to Lucerne. That is, he is the only passenger until a mysterious woman shows up at the last minute to book a compartment for her servant, an infant and herself. A conversation overheard through the open window of his sleeping compartment only deepens the mystery. The woman is afraid that someone might be following her. Who is after her? What is her secret? And is she a criminal or a victim? Find the answers to these questions and others on a thrilling railway journey sp"}
{"id": "literary_93", "title": "Red Pottage", "text": "owner, leaning back with his hat tilted over his eyes.\r\nTrip-clip-clop went the horse.\r\nA great deal of thinking may be compressed into a quarter of an\n\nhour, especially if it has been long eluded.\r\n\"I will get out,\" he said again to himself with an impatient\n\nhas ever guessed it.\"\r\nHow could any one have guessed it?\r\nHe remembered the day when he had first met her a year ago, and\n\nfervently, as the hansom came suddenly to a stand-still.\r\nIn another moment he was taking Lady Newhaven's hand as she\n\nleaping before him from one footman to another.\r\n\"Mr. Richard Vernon.\"\r\nLady Newhaven's wide blue eyes looked vague. Her hand hesitated.\n\nscarred face and crooked mouth, was unknown to her.\r\nLord Newhaven darted forward.\r\n\"Dick!\" he exclaimed, and Dick shot forth an immense mahogany\n\nVernons on my wife's list. Have you the card with you?\"\r\n\"Rather,\" said Dick; \"always take the card with me since I was\n\nlittle. \"But the end seems to have been unfortunate.\"\r\n\"Not at all,\" said Dick, watching the new arrivals with his head\n\nthe night before. Here is the card.\"\r\nLord Newhaven glanced at it attentively, and then laughed.\r\n\"It is four years old,\" he said; \"I must have put you on my\n\nor two back with me. I say, ought I to put my gloves on?\"\r\n\"No, no. Clutch them in your great fist as you are doing\n\nthe door-way of which he was standing.\r\n\"That one,\" he said; \"the tall girl in the green gown talking to\n\nnearly empty rooms with the man who was talking to her.\r\nHugh was excited out of recognition of his former half-scornful,\n\nshe could be so wicked as to refuse him.\r\n\"She will marry me,\" he said to himself. \"She must.\"\r\nLady Newhaven touched him gently on the arm.\r\n\"I dared not speak to you before,\" she said. \"Nearly every one\n\nhas gone. Will you take me down to supper? I am tired out.\"\r\nHe stared at her, not recognizing her.\r\n\"Have I vexed you?\" she faltered.\r\nAnd with a sudden horrible revulsion of feeling he remembered.\n\nwant three minutes of your valuable time. Come into my stu", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.3751055598258972, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The story of a young woman who is a snobby, sexy, and a little bit smitten with the man she loves.", "reference_summary": "Mary Cholmondeley wrote at the beginning of the 20th century. She spent most of her life in England caring for her mother. By age 18 she was convinced she would never marry. She is best remembered for her satirical novel Red Pottage. Red Pottage is the story of adultery and a clergyman who destroys his sister's art. The first plot contained in this novel is that of Rachael West an heiress and her love for a man trapped in an illicit affair who is doomed to die by is own hand. The second plot is about a gifted female writer who is unable to break away and start her own life free of her family."}
{"id": "literary_94", "title": "Woman's World: A Graphic Novel", "text": "slept away half a millennium, and time for awakening was here.\r\nVoices. Someone shouting, \"He's mine! I got here before you did, Sam!\"\r\nAnother voice: \"The hell you did, Phil. I was here. You get out of\n\nterribly tired, wanting nothing but another few hundred years of sleep.\r\nI yawned and sat up. And gasped. For as I opened my eyes and gradually\n\nglimpses of bare breasts and lovely flashing thighs.\r\nI climbed out of my somno-casket and lowered myself to the floor of the\n\ntheir feet, glaring bitterly at each other, and turned to look at me.\r\nThey were really stacked. To my astonishment I discovered that they\n\ngreeted by a pair of half-naked amazons when I woke.\r\nThe brunette nudged the other and said, \"Let's get out of here with him\n\nmuscles,\" the one named Phil said. \"Let's travel.\"\r\n\"Just a second,\" I said. \"Who are you? Where are you taking me?\" I\n\ndidn't feel like trusting myself to these two till I had my bearings.\r\n\"Don't worry about that, honey,\" Sam said. \"We'll take good care of\n\nyou.\" She winked broadly and said, \"Won't we, Phil?\"\r\nThey started to propel me out the door of the chamber. I was still a\n\nas I was, I had no choice but to let them push me into the corridor.\r\n\"Where to?\" Sam asked.\r\n\"To the Lower Quarters,\" Phil said. \"There's a copter there, and\n\nof steps, then got straightened away and began to run with them.\r\n\"Stop! Come back!\" the big woman yelled\u2014and she came roaring after\n\nus. The floor seemed to shake as she thundered along the corridor.\r\nWe fled. I allowed myself to be dragged along by my two amazon captors,\n\ncoming up toward us from the other direction.\r\n\"The old cow's called the guards,\" Sam muttered. \"We're caught, now!\"\r\nWe were. The tide of female guards swept over us like a herd of cattle,\n\nconscious from my long stay under suspended animation.\r\nMaybe I'm dreaming! I thought.\r\nNo. No dream. I was at least wide-awake enough to tell that. The women\n\nto another. I was starting to feel like a plaything. So I struck back.\r\nI landed a fist", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.38291358947753906, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "Phil is a young man who has been a member of the Amazons for many years. He is unable to find any work, and his mother is unsure of how to care for him. His father, a renowned Amazon, is devoted to his family. But when Phil discovers that his mother's daughter is pregnant, he is devastated.", "reference_summary": "Norma Fontaine lives in a perfect woman's world of handy tips and sensible advice. She measures life by the standards set in the magazines she reads, so when she bumps into Mr Hands and he suggests taking tea at the Excella cafe, how could she possibly refuse? What could be more exhilarating, or more appropriate?"}
{"id": "literary_95", "title": "Old Town", "text": "Ribe\u201d\u2014the Old Town itself. This is the historical record:\r\nFrom the port of Ribe there sailed in April, 1663, a ship bearing the\n\nThe Germans to this day call it Ripen on their maps.\r\nIt did more than preserve the mere name\u2014it kept its spirit alive. In\n\nhe made reply: \u201cIt is not clothes or arms that make the man.\u201d\r\n\u201cWhat then?\u201d sneered his accuser, one Van Horst.\r\n\u201cThis, sir!\u201d said Van Riepen, and smote his breast proudly. Whereat the\n\nBritish officer who attended ordered that he be released.\r\n\u201cHe is a man,\u201d he said. \u201cWere I ten times a prisoner, I could give no\n\nbetter answer.\u201d And the patriot went free.\r\nSo the old world and the new have met, and the Old Town won the day\n\nthrill, and I stood up, feeling forty years younger all at once.\r\n\u201cBlackbirds,\u201d said Mike, looking aloft, but I knew better. I watched\n\nwhen there were enough of them. The starling was a friend.\r\nI suppose it was the near approach of the time of his going away,\n\nspring he was there earlier than ever, as if he knew.\r\nNever have I forgotten it; it is to me as vivid as if it were\n\nlike that. I had slain my friend.\r\n[Pg 6]\r\nBut neither have I forgotten the long peaceful twilights of summer when\n\nmust be that he has come straight. Else, why should he seek me out?\r\nWhere the northernmost boundary post of the German empire, shaken by\n\nwas warning that the sea was coming in.\r\nThe Old Town stood on a wide plain, the fertile marsh between it and\n\nthem, and had perished with their herds.\r\nIf the flood came before the mail had got in, an anxious outlook was\n\nto have a look at the fellow who had lent him a hand in need.\r\n\u201cStrong boy,\u201d he said, and rapped me smartly with his cane; \u201cbe a man\n\nand wet through, in my pride.\r\nThey used to tell a story of another Amtmand who, fresh from his snug\n\ntalking that way; the children one has to have, one will get.\u201d\r\nThe philosophy of one of my teachers in the Latin School was of a\n\ngo to all that trouble. \u201cWhat for?\u201d he asked.\r\n\u201cSuppose the lightning were to strike the ho", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.37961605191230774, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The book is a collection of short stories, poems, and essays. It is the first book in the series to be published by the publisher of the book.", "reference_summary": "The city of Exeter has been struck by a wave of teen suicides. Nothing connects the teenagers but a mysterious viral video that Michael, freelance photographer, is desperate to get to the bottom of. With his stepson Billy mourning the loss of his older brother and rapidly slipping away into seclusion, Michael races against time to save his fractured family.\nMeanwhile, Billy has discovered the dark heart of Exeter; a parallel world that has co-existed for centuries. Irresistibly drawn to it, Billy wanders the cobbled streets of 'Old Town' and encounters its decadent prince, Mister Toby; a grote"}
{"id": "literary_96", "title": "The Mentor (Necessary Lies, #1)", "text": "time of peril the whole town could gather there for shelter.\r\nThe Market Hall of Ypres has always been a communal\n\nFor centuries it has stood there, the wonder of Ypres.\r\n\u00c9MILE VERHAEREN\r\nBorn at St. Amand, Belgium, on the River Scheldt, May, 1855; died\n\nSECRETARY, H. A. CROWE.\r\nMarch 15, 1920VOLUME 8NUMBER 3\r\nEntered as second-class matter, March 10, 1913, at the postoffice at New York, N. Y., under the act of March\n\nEntered as second-class matter March 10, 1913, at the postoffice at New York, N. Y., under the act of March 3, 1879. Copyright,\n\nindividual savings, Belgium held a place high on the list of nations before the War.\r\nBelgium was a veritable hive of contented, thrifty workers before the German\n\nand retreated by way of Mons into St. Quentin, France.\r\nHigh among the forested ways of the Ardennes is Spa, the delightfully pretty and\u2014in\n\nwere at Spa, has since been almost equally unwelcome as a resident of Holland.\r\nObstinate Li\u00e8ge\r\nThe Meuse, flowing through verdant Wallonia, embraces, with its tributary, the\n\n\u201cWe were pounding at the anvils when they pounded at our gate;\r\n\u2018Open,\u2019 cried the German squadrons; \u2018let us pass or meet your fate.\r\nWe are millions; dare deny us and Li\u00e8ge is but a name.\u2019\r\nBut we chose to die in honor than to buy our lives in shame.\r\nSo we banked our eager fires, and we laid aside the sledge,\r\nRecking only that our sires had endowed us with the pledge\r\nTo maintain an ally\u2019s honor, to uphold the Belgian code,\r\nAnd we answered with our cannon, THAT LI\u00c8GE WOULD HOLD THE ROAD.\u201d\n\n\u201cIn the market-place of Bruges\r\nStands the belfry old and brown;\r\nThrice consumed and thrice rebuilded,\r\nStill it watches o\u2019er the town.\u201d\r\n\u2014Longfellow\n\nand made an end of the all-conquering career of the great Napoleon.\r\nMalines, Antwerp, Ghent\r\nOn the road to Antwerp we digress a little to visit the very old Flemish town of\n\nCourtesy, Collier\u2019s Weekly\r\nRUINS OF THE CLOTH HALL, CATHEDRAL, AND TOWN HALL, YPRES\r\nCompare this picture with Gravure No. 1. Both were phot", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.6991128921508789, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.5192379951477051, "generated_summary": "The epoch of the French Revolution is a time when the French were able to conquer the world. But the French had to fight for their own survival, and they had to battle for their freedom.", "reference_summary": "A new, steamy romance from Amazon best-selling author, Alison Ryan... THE MENTOR.\nMy father is dead.\nThat much I know. What I didn't know, was what my father did for a living. I thought he was just a run of the mill lawyer. I was wrong. My father had an entire life I never knew about. One filled with half-truths and plenty of deception.\nNolan Weston is the key to unlocking the lies.\nNolan worked for my father. He was his right-hand man, the one he entrusted with everything. That would include being the executor of my father's massive estate that I just so happen to be the sole heiress to.\nI sh"}
{"id": "literary_97", "title": "Dr. Wortle's School", "text": "all those who gave him advice to mind their own business.\r\nIt may be said of him that he knew his own so well as to justify\n\nwith the Doctor in a joke than to have to bear his hard words.\r\nIt is chiefly in reference to one of these ushers that our story\n\nboys.  But this would generally be during the Doctor's absence.\r\nHere, on the school side of the wall, there was a separate\n\nwife, and the necessity of earning an income by his erudition.\r\nIt would at first have seemed very improbable that Dr. Wortle\n\nbed-side, just as though she had been a paid nurse.\r\nAnd so she felt herself to be.  Nor was she in the least ashamed\n\nI feel grateful, but I shan't bother you by telling you so.\"\r\nBut this was not the end of it.  Lady De Lawle declared that she\n\nMrs. Peacocke were not man and wife.\r\nThe story how it came to be so need not be very long;\u2014nor will\n\nwithin her little drawing-room at the College of St. Louis.\r\nDead?  Certainly he was not dead!  He did not believe that any one\n\nand yet a little wickedness was not distasteful to him.\r\nAnd he was angry with himself in that he had made such a promise.\n\nhas a tongue as loud as the town-crier's bell.\"\r\n\"But what has Mrs. Stantiloup to say about me?\"\r\n\"Nothing, except in so far as she can hit me through you.\"\r\n\"And what does the Bishop say?\"\r\n\"He thinks that I ought to know something of your life during\n\nthose five years you were in America.\"\r\n\"I think so also,\" said Mr. Peacocke.\r\n\"I don't want to know anything for myself.  As far as I am\n\nbe an end of it.\"\r\n\"And what will he do?\" asked Mr. Peacocke.\r\n\"Well; as far as the curacy is concerned, of course he can refuse\n\nnever can say what his intentions may be six months hence.\"\r\n\"But if I were to refuse to speak of my life in America,\" said Mr.\n\nthen would it be with myself and my wife in regard to the school?\"\r\n\"It would make no difference whatever,\" said the Doctor.\r\n\"There is a story to tell,\" said Mr. Peacocke, very slowly.\r\n\"I am sure that it cannot be to your disgrace.\"\r\n\"I ", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.2998785972595215, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The story of the Doctor and his wife is a tale of love, friendship, and the power of the Holy Spirit.", "reference_summary": "Mr Peacocke, a Classical scholar, has come to Broughtonshire with his beautiful American wife to live as a schoolmaster. But when the blackmailing brother of her first husband a reprobate from Louisiana appears at the school gates, a dreadful secret is revealed and the county is scandalized. Ostracised by the community, the pair seem trapped in a hopeless situation until the combative but warm-hearted headmaster of the school, Dr Wortle, offers his support, and Mr Peacocke embarks upon a journey to America that he hopes will lay to rest the accusations once and for all. A perceptive exploratio"}
{"id": "literary_98", "title": "The Unlucky (Sarah Roberts, #13)", "text": "maid again in attendance to put out the light.\r\nIt must not be supposed that Helen, her first surprise over, submitted\n\ncolonel, notwithstanding the very true love that he had borne her.\r\nPoor Helen! She was the jarring note in this contented, middle-aged\n\ndoing. We sent Miss Walker about her business, didn't we? And then\u2014.\"\r\nThe colonel paused, and Mrs. Desmond then perceived Helen standing\n\nhalf-timidly, half-defiantly near the door.\r\n\"You there, Helen!\" she said coldly. \"How often am I to tell you that I\n\non! Go and take them off at once. When I was a child\u2014.\"\r\n\"It is really my fault this time, wife,\" put in the colonel, who dreaded\n\nonce. We shall not expect to see you this evening.\"\r\n\"I won't set to work at once\u2014I won't, I won't, I won't,\" muttered Helen\n\nkeeping remained as intact as it had been in her grandmother's time.\r\n\"Oh, Helen!\" she cried, \"what have you done? My poor little shepherd is\n\nregarded her stepmother with a flushed, triumphant face.\r\n\"Go to your room,\" said the latter at last in accents of such bitterness\n\ntake it from me. It is mine.\"\r\n\"It shall be taken from you. John,\" turning to her husband, \"I appeal to\n\npresent which in your mistaken kindness you appear to have given her.\"\r\nThe colonel sighed, but came forward nervously.\r\n\"Helen,\" he said, \"pray do not oppose your mother. You know that she\n\nand her breath was coming thick and fast.\r\n\"Do you want me to give her my violin?\" she asked.\r\n\"Only for a little time, Helen, to show that you are sorry, and that you\n\nfather, now you rob me of that. I hate you.\"\r\nNot waiting for a reply, she rushed wildly from the room, and a moment\n\nand orderly, stooped and picked up the violin.\r\n\"I hope it has not suffered,\" she said, placing it on a table. \"It must\n\nthe foregoing remark.\r\n\"Am I ever hard on her, John?\"\r\nAs Mrs. Desmond spoke she crossed the room and reseated herself in her\n\nlace handkerchief.\r\n\"No, my dear, of course not,\" returned the colonel. \"But\u2014\"\r\n\"But what?\"\r\n\"She needs patience. It is per", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.37100714445114136, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The first book in the series of novels by the author, Helen Walker, is a story of a young woman who is swept away by her father's death. She is unable to find a way to stop her father from stealing her violin. Her father is resigned to the death of her mother, and she is forced to take her violin to the conservatory.", "reference_summary": "The Unlucky, Sarah Roberts Book Thirteen\nWhen a young Toronto woman steps onto the edge of the CN Tower and prepares to jump to her death, Sarah Roberts is already there, waiting for the jumper with a parachute and a solution. As the woman teeters over the edge and is about to fall over a thousand feet to the cement, Vivian channels through Sarah, takes over her gun hand and shoots the jumper in front of dozens of witnesses. It turns out, Vivian had prepared the parachute for Sarah's escape.With a manhunt for Sarah underway, she is overwhelmed with an anger at Vivian she has never felt before."}
{"id": "literary_99", "title": "Engagement of Convenience", "text": "smile. \"They all spoiled and petted me shamefully.\"\r\n\"Ah, that was good for you.\"\r\n\"I am not so sure about that,\" she returned\n\nhurried forward, and helped him to his feet.\r\n\"You are not hurt, I hope?\" he inquired.\r\n\"I think not,\" returned the old man. He\n\nnarrow gamut of light and shade.\"\r\n\"Marvellous!\" echoed Mr. Robinson again.\r\n\"But if I may make the remark in my turn,\"\n\nof one of the old gang of his Latin Quarter days.\r\n\"Sadler!\" he exclaimed.\r\nThe big head was convulsed with laughter,\n\nit'll hold good for all time, I suppose.\"\r\n\"Oh, I should chance all that,\" said Wyndham.\r\n\"But what is beauty?\" insisted Sadler.\r\n\"I know when I see it,\" laughed Wyndham.\r\n\"Give me character,\" said Sadler. \"Unselfishness\n\nsuggestion of imperfection.\"\r\n\"Am I like that?\"\r\n\"You were just now.\"\r\n\"I was such a bother and a hindrance to you\n\nimprovement\u2014\u2014\"\r\n\"You take me too seriously,\" he broke in.\r\n\"You were serious,\" she insisted.\r\n\"Serious\u2014yes; in so far as I was afraid\n\nagain at his embarrassment.\r\nHe laughed, and stood the sketch on a chair.\r\n\"Your presence certainly startled me,\" he confessed.\n\nwas not my own. It is the law of the world.\"\r\n\"You were wrong. There is no law.\"\r\n\"There is the law of pride,\" he argued. \"We\n\nhoped\u2014there was a good deal of mist about.\"\r\n\"Better luck to-morrow!\" she said.\r\nHe struck hard at a knob of coal, making a\n\nend of the month?\"\r\n\"By all means.\"\r\n\"I should like to send you to the Salon.\"\r\n\"That is indeed a charming idea. But you\n\n\"There is no date fixed yet.\"\r\n\"Ah,\" said the earl. \"How is your fianc\u00e9e?\"\r\n\"Perfectly well,\" said Wyndham. \"First-rate.\"\r\n\"A Miss\u2014er\u2014Llewellyn\u2014wasn't it?\"\r\n\"Miss Robinson,\" corrected Wyndham.\r\n\"Oh, ah\u2014Miss Robinson! Yes, yes, that was\n\nyou will not be going to privation.\"\r\n\"In my heart of hearts privation is preferable.\"\r\n\"Ah, no. Remember it is the call of duty. It\n\nall the rest of his life to lament in.\r\n\"Have you thought of any plan?\" he asked.\r\n\"None,\" she replied. \"To tell the truth, I\n\nrather, to omnibus! Or is it ", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.4531594216823578, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The story of a young woman who is a sexy, sassy girl. She is the daughter of sextets and a man who is an alcoholic. She has been a virgin for years, but she has never had a boyfriend. Her father, a wealthy lawyer, is unable to afford to pay her bills. She's a widower, and she's not sure how to make ends meet.", "reference_summary": "Two adventurous spirits\nJulia Howard longs for the freedom her inheritance will bring her--but with her controlling brother holding the purse strings, she's going to need a most convenient engagement... An encounter in the woods with a dashing stranger couldn't be more timely.\nWounded, his life at sea at an end, Captain James Covington isn't prepared for the dull ache of civilian life. He sees in Julia a fellow adventurous spirit--willing to risk all. Could agreeing to her outrageous proposal help him recapture a reason to live as they face the biggest adventure of all--marriage?"}
{"id": "literary_100", "title": "Glory of Youth", "text": "I.\r\nBettina\r\n9\r\nII.\r\nIn the Shadowy Room\r\n21\r\nIII.\r\nIn Which Diana Reaps\r\n36\r\nIV.\r\nWhite Lilacs\r\n51\r\nV.\r\nIn Which Bettina Dances\r\n64\r\nVI.\r\n\"For Every Man There Is Just One Woman\"\r\n80\r\nVII.\r\nHarbor Light\r\n94\r\nVIII.\r\nThe Empty House\r\n105\r\nIX.\r\nThe Golden Age\r\n116\r\nX.\r\nStorm Signals\r\n127\r\nXI.\r\nThe White Maiden\r\n141\r\nXII.\r\nYouth and Beauty\r\n155\r\nXIII.\r\nHer Letter to Anthony\r\n170\r\nXIV.\r\nThe Little Silver Ring\r\n185\r\nXV.\r\nIn Which Bettina Flies\r\n199\r\nXVI.\r\nVoices in the Dark\r\n213\r\nXVII.\r\nGlory of Youth\r\n227\r\nXVIII.\r\nPenance\r\n242\r\nXIX.\r\nHer Father's Ring\r\n257\r\nXX.\r\nThe \"Gray Gull\"\r\n272\r\nXXI.\r\nBroken Wings\r\n285\r\nXXII.\r\nThe Enchanted Forest\r\n300\r\nXXIII.\r\nThe Procession of Pretty Ladies\r\n316\r\nXXIV.\r\nThe Afterglow\r\n323\n\n[Pg 9]\r\nCHAPTER I\r\nBETTINA\r\nThe girl knelt on the floor, feverishly packing a shabby little trunk.\r\nOutside was a streaming April storm, and the rain, rushing against the\n\nlantern, attached to a chain, hung from the low ceiling.\r\nThe girl lighted the lantern, and the faint illumination made deeper the\n\nshadows below.\r\nAnd from the shadows came a man's voice.\r\n\"May I come up?\"[Pg 10]\r\nAs the girl bent over the railing, the glow of the lantern made of her\n\nnor of death, nor of the things which come after death?\r\nWhen at last her visitor emerged from the gloom, he showed himself\n\nfrightened.\"\r\n\"Yes,\" she said, \"Miss Matthews is at school, and I am alone\u2014\u2014\"\r\n\"And unhappy?\"\r\nHer lips quivered, but she drew her hand from his, and went on into the\n\nmatch to a fire which was laid in the blackened brick fireplace.[Pg 11]\r\nThe doctor's quick eye noted the preparations for departure.\r\n\"What does that mean?\" he asked, and pointed to the trunk.\r\n\"I\u2014I am going away\u2014\u2014\"\r\n\"Away?\"\r\n\"Yes,\" nervously; \"I\u2014I can't stay here, doctor.\"\r\n\"Why not?\"\r\n\"Oh,\" tremulously, \"it was all right when I had mother, because she was\n\nmoney left from the insurance\u2014and so\u2014I'm going away.\"\r\nHe looked at her, with her red-gold hair in high relief against the worn\n\nslender figure, the tiny feet in childi", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.796844482421875, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.5225824117660522, "generated_summary": "The epoch of the first century is marked by the arrival of the edifice of the \"stylized\" and \"scary\" (the \"symbols\"), which are now a part of the modern world.", "reference_summary": "Irene Temple Bailey (1885-1953) was an American novelist and short story writer. Beginning around 1902, she was contributing stories to national magazines such as The Saturday Evening Post, Cavalier Magazine, Cosmopolitan, American Magazine, McClure's, Woman's Home Companion, Good Housekeeping, McCall's and others. In 1914, Bailey wrote the screenplay for the Vitagraph Studios film Auntie and two of her books were filmed. She also had three of her books on the list of bestselling novels in the United States in 1918, 1922, and 1926 as determined by the New York Times. Among her most famous work"}
{"id": "literary_101", "title": "Watchers", "text": "were bad enough, but another war now might mean the end of everything.\"\r\nHe found the alien who called himself Leonard Havlik in a bright,\n\nfailure was not his fault. It was Theirs....\r\nThe girl left the room. Manson straightened at his window, bringing up\n\nsearching for you, Havlik\u2014and here I am.\"\r\nHe set the autopilot for his cabin on Green River, holding his blast\n\nsmiled faintly, dark eyes gleaming in the light of the instrument panel.\r\n\"Laugh while you can,\" Manson said grimly. \"I've learned something of\n\nNiish, who are our masters, have ordered us to leave Earth. Tonight.\"\r\nManson stared, the alien's assurance fanning his anger.\r\n\"You're lying\u2014you Watchers have mingled with us for centuries, using\n\nus directly. You'd never go now, with success almost in your hands.\"\r\n\"Perhaps you mistake our intention,\" Havlik said. \"How do you know\n\ntonight I have proved it.\"\r\nHavlik shrugged. \"You've wasted your time. We leave Earth tonight.\"\r\nManson laughed shortly. \"You're not going anywhere, my friend. I need\n\nyou for information.\"\r\n\"What else would you know? Our reason for quitting Earth?\"\r\n\"You're not leaving at all,\" Manson said, nettled. \"You may have\n\nin the east, but the peak was lost in darkness.\r\n\"You misunderstand our motive,\" the alien said. \"But you're quite right\n\ncourse\u2014and it should be going up, not down!\"\r\n\"Your crusade is based on a false premise,\" Havlik said. \"We came to\n\ncat-and-mouse with me from the first!\"\r\nHe remembered the gun in his hand and swung it up.\r\n\"Let your weapon drop,\" Havlik said. \"You set the autopilot at my\n\nfloor and cried out, startled, when his body refused to obey.\r\nThe alien removed his manacles. \"You will be free again as soon as we\n\nveins knotting in his forehead with the effort. \"I might have known!\"\r\nThe gyro landed gently, a hundred yards from the cylinder.\n\nthe gyro, copper hair blowing in the night-wind.\r\n\"You were almost late,\" she called to Havlik. \"We're ready to\u2014\" She\n\ncaught sight of the Earthman and broke off.\r\nIn th", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.241392120718956, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "Leonard Havlik is a young alien who has been ordered to leave Earth. He is the masters of the alien's mission, and he is the only one who knows how to stop it.", "reference_summary": "Three prominent world figure heads disappear following The World Summit in Kuala Lumpur. The following day US President John Remy is found dead of a heart attack in his hotel room.\nMeanwhile two friends on a road trip across North America come to the aid of a mysterious woman they find washed up and battered on the banks of The Colorado River. Somehow all these events are linked.\nChoosing to help her plunges them into a nightmarish race across the globe for she holds a secret that defies all we know about human evolution.\nPursued by a deadly force intent on stopping them they must recover a re"}
{"id": "literary_102", "title": "Bella Donna: Too Many Spells", "text": "does he live? In Harley Street, I suppose?\" was a constant question.\r\nBut he did not live in Harley Street. He was not the man to lose himself\n\nthe lips of London, the city of parrots and of monkeys.\r\nHis age was debated, and so was his origin. Most people thought he was\n\nmusic he was almost fanatically devoted, as are many Jews.\r\nIt has been said of the Jew that he is nearly always possessed of a\n\nfuller. Indeed, he often thought it would have been less full.\r\nSuddenly he became the fashion, and he went on being the fashion.\r\nHe had no special peculiarity of manner. He did not attract the world of\n\ndinners, at receptions, occasionally even at a great ball.\r\nEarly in the morning he rode in the Park. Once a week he gave a dinner\n\nthought him one of the fortunate of this world.\r\nOne morning of June the doctor was returning to Cleveland Square from\n\nalert, staring upon London with their calmly British eyes.\r\n\"In my own place,\" he repeated to himself.\r\nAnd now his lips and his eyes were smiling. And he saw the great drama\n\nof London as something that a schoolboy could understand at a glance.\r\nWas it really idleness he longed for? He did not know why, but abruptly\n\nof the patients with whom he had made appointments that day.\r\nHe looked at them, seeking for one that promised interest. The first\n\nMrs. Harringby; five, Sir Henry Grebe; five-thirty, Mrs. Chepstow.\"\r\nThe last name was that of the last patient. Doctor Meyer Isaacson's\n\npatient whose name was against the time of five-thirty.\r\nAnd so Mrs. Chepstow would be the last patient he would see that day.\r\nHe sat for a moment with the book open on his knee, looking at her name.\r\nIt was a name very well known to him, very well known to the\n\nin the announcement, as of an honest man frankly declaring his position.\r\nMrs. Chepstow's life was very possibly influenced by her parents'\n\nand who does nothing can spread in the era of the paragraph.\r\nAnd then presently she was the heroine of a great divorce case.\r\nMr. Chepstow, forge", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.32685768604278564, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The story of a young woman who is a widower and a doctor.", "reference_summary": "Half the time Bella Donna is a regular girl at a regular school with her regular friends - animal-mad Sam, and pink fan Angela. The rest of the time she's a young witch learning to cast spells and living with her adoptive mum Lilith, and Lilith's niece Verity.\nBella is working very hard at learning her spells, as she's desperate to win the Spell Casting Contest. But a new teacher at school, Miss Rowan, is making her nervous. Witchlike things are happening in the classroom, and Bella knows it isn't her . . ."}
{"id": "literary_103", "title": "The Round Dozen", "text": "Pretty soon he grew bold, and seizing the knocker he gave a loud rap.\r\nPretty soon he grew bold, and seizing the knocker he gave a loud rap.\n\nWolken.' I do not know the name in English.\"\r\n\"It is 'Clouds,'\" I told him.\r\n\"Ah, yes, 'die clouds.' Fritz could hardly\n\nand plead with the clouds for forgiveness.\"\r\n\"That was bold indeed,\" I said.\r\n\"It was a much harder task than it had been\n\npleasantly, because it was kind.\r\n\"My baby is so ill,\" replied Karen, weeping.\r\n\"How ill?\" inquired the old woman, anxiously.\n\nasked the second, anxiously.\r\n\"No. The little herb you know of is powerful.\"[43]\r\n\"And the crystal dust you know of is more\n\n\"Eyes to pierce the darkness through,\r\nWit to grasp the hidden clew,\r\nHeart to feel and hand to do,\u2014\r\nThese the gnomes have given to you.\"\n\n\"Eyes to pierce the darkness through,\r\nWit to grasp the hidden clew,\r\nHeart to feel and hand to do,\u2014\r\nThese the gnomes have given to you.\"\n\nvery comfortable as they sat there together.\r\n\"Pies, my dear? What do you mean?\"[48]\r\n\"I'll tell you, mamma. You're going to\n\ndo what other people do in the same circumstances.\"\r\n\"What's that?\"\r\n\"Teach something, or sew, I suppose.\"\r\n\"Sewing's slow starvation, in my opinion,[121]\n\nyour thing to do,\" said Aunt Polly.\r\nHetty looked at her with incredulous eyes.\r\n\"You're not in earnest, are you?\" she said.\r\n\"I am. In dead earnest.\"\r\n\"But, Aunt Polly, gingerbread! Such a little\n\nstrange noises there. Will you?\"\r\n\"Oh, Rafe! I'm afraid. I don't quite like\u2014\"\r\n\"But you can't be afraid if I'm there,\" said\n\nwhich renewed Hexie's fears.\r\n\"Rafe! Rafe! let us go back,\" she cried.\r\n\"Go back yourself if you are afraid,\" replied\n\nClose by the armor, half hidden by a curtain of heavy tapestry, was an open door.\u2014Page 142.\r\nClose by the armor, half hidden by a curtain of heavy tapestry, was an open door.\u2014Page 142.\n\nis she that has betrayed us.\"\r\n\"How do you know that, Rafe?\"\r\nThen it all came out. Winifred listened to\n\n\"My dear is like a dewy rose\r\nAll in the early morn;\r\nBut never on", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.6351608633995056, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.506882905960083, "generated_summary": "The story of a young woman who is a snobby, sexy, and a little girl who is in love with her father.", "reference_summary": "Wealthy London bachelor William Helder takes his task of tracking down a priceless family heirloom more seriously when the trail leads to the beautiful Hazel Paget."}
{"id": "literary_104", "title": "The Magic Bed", "text": "The Magic BedA Book of East Indian Tales\r\nThe Cat and the MouseA Book of Persian Tales\r\nThe Jeweled SeaA Book of Chinese Tales\r\nThe Magic Jaw BoneA Book of South Sea Islands Tales\r\nThe Man ElephantA Book of African Tales\r\nThe Enchanted CastleA Book of Tales from Flower Land\n\nIndia is undoubtedly the home of the fairy-tale. Of those now in existence, probably one-third of them came from India. Gypsies, missionaries, travelers, and traders carried them to other countries where they were told and retold until much of their original form was obliterated, and many of their titles lost.\r\nThe \"Jatakas,\" or birth-stories of Buddha, form the earliest collection of fairy-tales in the world, and were gathered together more than two thousand years before the Brothers Grimm\u2014well and justly beloved of children\u2014began to write the stories which have delighted a world of readers, young and old.\r\nIt is from these, and from others told by native nurses, or ayahs, to children in India--where the belief in fairies, gnomes, ogres, and monsters is still widespread--that five stories most likely to interest young people have been selected to form this volume. They are stories which have aroused the wonder and laughter of thousands of children in the far East, and can hardly fail to produce the same effect upon the children of America.\r\nH.J.\n\nThe Princess Lalun\r\n\"A tiger stood roaring\"\r\n\"Sitting under a tree\"\r\n\"'Cannot I have supper with you?'\"\r\n\"Spread it gently over the Princess\"\r\n\"The Prince told her who he was\"\r\n\"The Princess sits on the roof\"\r\n\"The Rajah sent for the Prince\"\r\n\"His tigers came in\"\r\n\"He beat the kettle-drum loudly\"\r\n\"They came to a beautiful palace\"\r\n\"'I am going to run away'\"\r\n\"They found a beautiful marble tank\"\r\n\"Nala cried out 'Oh, oh!'\"\r\n\"The Rakshas is on his way home\"\r\n\"Twined red lotus flowers in her hair\"\r\n\"'They are my father's flowers'\"\r\n\"A diamond shining in his forehead\"\r\n\"The monkeys taught him to climb trees\"\r\n\"All the animals loved him\"\r\n\"Four men cutting", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.6875872611999512, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.5131304264068604, "generated_summary": "The story of the tiger, the Princess, and the Prince is a tale of love, friendship, and adventure. It is based on the stories of the Brothers Grimm, the earliest collection of fairy-tales in the world, and its most likely to interest young and old.", "reference_summary": "When Georgie outgrows his baby bed, he chooses a big second-hand bed that the thrift shop owner tells him is magic. \"The lady who had it before said you could travel in it.\" Georgie's granny teases him about his magic bed. But every night, Georgie has a new adventure with tigers or gnomes or pirates in faraway places. Some nights he would swim with dolphins, which is why his bed is sometimes wet in the morning. And when his granny replaces the old relic with a spanking-new bed, Georgie has his revenge.\nJohn Burningham's playful handling of a child's imagination and the special relationship a c"}
{"id": "literary_105", "title": "The Silent Barrier", "text": "Von einer, die Natur von andrer Seite h\u00e4lt.\r\nFr. R\u00fcckert: Die Weisheit des Brahmenen.\r\n[I must\u2014That is the Barrier within which I am pent by the World on\n\nTHE SILENT BARRIER\r\nCHAPTER I\r\nTHE WISH\r\n\u201cMail in?\u201d\r\n\u201cYes, sir; just arrived. What name?\u201d\r\n\u201cCharles K. Spencer.\u201d\r\nThe letter clerk seized a batch of correspondence and sorted it with\n\nto your room in future, or shall I keep it here?\u201d\r\n\u201cRight here, please, in No. 20 slot. I could receive a reply by cable\n\nwhile I was going and coming along my corridor.\u201d\r\nThe clerk smiled deferentially. He appreciated not only the length of\n\nof one to whom thought and action were alike familiar.\r\nSpencer, fully aware that he was posing for a necessary picture,\n\na palm shaded balcony offered the retreat he sought.\r\nHe little dreamed that he was choosing the starting point of the most\n\nregain Paradise, and all the fret and fume have an end.\r\n[Pg 4]Charles K. Spencer, then, would certainly have been the most\n\nfor a glass of water, and composed himself to read his letters.\r\nThe waiter hesitated. He was a Frenchman, and feared he had not heard\n\nto borrow a policeman\u2019s cape and shoot a quart into a decanter.\u201d\r\nThe quelled waiter hurried away and brought a carafe. Spencer\n\npleasant reverie.\r\n\u201cShall we sit here, Helen?\u201d\r\n\u201cAnywhere you like, dear. It is all the same to me. Thanks to you, I\n\na cold exterior he had an artist\u2019s soul, and \u201cHelen\u201d met an ideal.\r\n\u201cPretty as a peach!\u201d he said to himself, and he continued to gaze at\n\ndirect inference is that I am rolling in wealth.\u201d\r\n\u201cWell, dear, you earn a great deal of money\u2014\u2014\u201d\r\n\u201cI get twenty pounds a week, and this frock I am wearing cost\n\nthe company.\u201d\r\n\u201cWhat about my singing?\u201d\r\n\u201cYou have a very agreeable and well trained voice.\u201d\r\n\u201cI\u2019m afraid you are incorrigible. You ought to have said that I sang\n\nbefore opening the first of the Denver letters.\r\nAs his glance was momentarily diverted, he did not grasp the essential\n\nanother open floor just above the level of her eyes.\r\n\u201cI don\u2019t know how in the", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.47088271379470825, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The saga of the first book in the series of novels by the author of the novel \"The Last Book\" is a story of a young woman who is swept up in the life of solitary, lonely, and lonely. She is reborn into a beautiful young woman, and her life is transformed by the presence of 'the' 'The Last Word'.", "reference_summary": "Louis Tracy (1863 - 1928) was a British journalist, and prolific writer of fiction. He used the pseudonyms Gordon Holmes and Robert Fraser, which were at times shared with M. P. Shiel, a collaborator from the start of the twentieth century."}
{"id": "literary_106", "title": "The Librarian at Play", "text": "than a fondness for non-fiction.\"\r\nAs I went back I met Professor Frugles.\r\n\"Let me have this, as soon as it is\n\nis expected at almost any moment now.\r\nHer specialty was being wan.\r\n[45]\r\nCome what might, at any hour of the\n\n\"that it is the great condor of the Andes?\"\r\nMr. Kookle shook his head.\r\nThen they both started again on their\n\nwas only finished when the bell rang again.\r\n\"Hello! This the library?\"\r\n\"Yes.\"\r\n\"Well, I wish you'd tell me the answer\n\nknow it now, without any hesitation!\"\r\n\"I am sorry.\"\r\n\"Oh, very well, then. Good-by.\"\r\nThe last in a tone as acid and cold as\n\nheld the volume ready.\r\n\"Have you it right there?\"\r\n\"Yes.\"\r\n[84]\r\n\"Well, I want to see a picture of Mrs.\n\nCromlech near Is-sur-Tille.'\"\r\n\"What on earth is a cromlech?\"\r\n\"You can search me.\"\r\n\"Let's take them both. I'll get them\n\nto once, an' two more on my cards.\"\r\n\"How many cards you got?\"\r\n[142]\r\n\"Two. Ain't you?\"\r\n\"No, I ain't got but one.\"\r\n\"Didn't they make you take a green\n\nthe exam, anyhow.\"\r\n\"So you've only got to-day and to-morrow?\"\r\n\"That's all.\"\r\n\"Gee! What does the course cover?\"\r\n\"English literature from Beowulf to\n\nthe death of Swinburne.\"\r\n\"Know anything about it?\"\r\n\"Not a damned thing.\"\r\n\"Know who Beowulf was?\"\r\n[152]\r\n\"No,\u2014I thought you were going to\n\ncountry.\"\r\n\"Oh, would that make any difference?\"\r\n\"Well, it would, rather.\"\r\n\"I don't see why.\"\r\n\"Well, for one thing, when he did come\n\noverlooked it.\"\r\n\"Was there never an Indian raid?\"\r\n\"Yes; there was. In 1641.\"\r\n\"How would that do?\"\r\n[163]\r\n\"I will leave you to judge. The Indians\u2014there\n\ntake them to the village jail.\"\r\n\"It does not sound very dramatic.\"\r\n\"I am no judge of what is or is not\n\nto your poultry soon,\" I remarked.\r\n\"What do you mean?\"\r\n\"Why, one Chantecler.\"\r\n\"Will we? I don't know. We don't\n\nup, as if he were very ill.\r\n\"Surely that is The Cockalorum.\"\r\nMr. Gooch nodded.\r\n\"Follow me, please. This room\u2014\" he\n\nthe greatest surprise and wonder.\r\n\"She was a gordian shape of dazzling hue,\r\nVermilion-spotted, golden, g", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.36519333720207214, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The first book in the series of books by the author, \"The Book of the Dead\" is a collection of short stories written by the writer. It is based on the novel of the same name by the same author.", "reference_summary": "The Librarian At Play, By Edmund Lester Pearson. Many of the earliest books, particularly those dating back to the 1900s and before, are now extremely scarce and increasingly expensive. We are republishing these classic works in affordable, high quality, modern editions, using the original text and artwork."}
{"id": "literary_107", "title": "The Star-Treader and Other Poems", "text": "I would I were a god, with all the scope\r\nOf attributes that are the essential core\r\nOf godhead, and its visibility.\r\nI am but emperor, and hold awhile\r\nThe power to hasten Death upon his way,\r\nAnd cry a halt to worn and lagging Life\r\nFor others, but for mine own self may not\r\nDelay the one, nor bid the other speed.\r\nThere have been many kings, and they are dead,\r\nAnd have no power in death save what the wind\r\nConfers upon their blown and brainless dust\r\nTo vex the eyeballs of posterity.\r\nBut were I god, I would be overlord\r\nOf many kings, and were as breath to guide[3]\r\nTheir dust of destiny. And were I god,\r\nExempt from this mortality which clogs\r\nPerception, and clear exercise of will,\r\nWhat rapture it would be, if but to watch\r\nDestruction crouching at the back of Time,\r\nThe tongueless dooms which dog the travelling suns;\r\nThe vampire Silence at the breast of worlds,\r\nFire without light that gnaws the base of things,\r\nAnd Lethe's mounting tide, that rots the stone\r\nOf fundamental spheres. This were enough\r\nTill such time as the dazzled wings of will\r\nCame up with power's accession, scarcely felt\r\nFor very suddenness. Then would I urge\r\nThe strong contention and conflicting might\r\nOf chaos and creation, matching them,\r\nThose immemorial powers inimical,\r\nAnd all their stars and gulfs subservient\u2014\r\nDynasts of Time, and anarchs of the dark\u2014\r\nIn closer war reverseless; and would set\r\nNew discord at the universal core,\r\nA Samson-principle to bring it down\r\nIn one magnificence of ruin. Yea,\r\nThe monster Chaos were mine unleashed hound,\r\nAnd all my power Destruction's own right arm!\n\nWhat nights retard thee, O Sirius!\r\nThy light is as a spear,\r\nAnd thou penetratest them\r\nAs a warrior that stabbeth his foe\r\nEven to the center of his life.\r\nThy rays reach farther than the gulfs;\r\nThey form a bridge thereover,\r\nThat shall endure till the links of the universe\r\nAre unfastened, and drop apart,\r\nAnd all the gulfs are one,\r\nDissevered by suns no longer.\n\nA voice cried to me in", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.3437510132789612, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The first book in the series of books by the author, a collection of short stories and essays by the writer, based on his own experiences, is a re-issue of the first edition of the series.", "reference_summary": "This early volume of Clark Ashton Smith's poetry was published when he was a mere lad of nineteen. At that point, he achieved international acclaim, and an American critic dubbed him the \"Keats of the Pacific.\" He moved for a short time in the same circles as Ambrose Bierce and Jack London. In any case, these poems are a sign of the talent to come."}
{"id": "literary_108", "title": "Children of the World", "text": "watch for me, though I expressly forbade it--\"\r\nHe rose hastily and entered the house. When he had groped his\n\nin. Besides, it is quite time to go to sleep. Good night.\"\r\n\"May I be permitted to ask, Fr\u00e4ulein, what book it is that\n\nlovely roses you have in that vase! Permit me--\"\r\nHe took a small bouquet, which was standing on the table, and\n\nmust know how it happened.\"\r\n\"I? I did not know--\"\r\n\"Any better than to ask me to play for you at half-past two\n\nrest.\"\r\nHe bent his head slightly, and left the room.\r\nAs soon as she heard him go up stairs, she hurried into the\n\nconfused chaos through his mind. Suddenly he heard a voice from within.\r\n\"Is that you, Edwin?\"\r\n\"Of course it is I,\" he replied.\r\nThe next instant he had opened the door and entered the room\n\nobliquely across the bed placed against the wall.\r\nOn this bed, with his eyes fixed upon the door, lay a young\n\nwhite delicately formed hand.\r\n\"Well,\" said he, \"was it very fine? Has it done you good?\"\r\n\"Good evening, Balder,\" replied Edwin, \"or rather, good\n\nAbout it. Has the remedy already produced an effect?\"\r\n\"To-morrow you shall hear as much as you wish, but not a\n\nsupper; there is the plate with your bread and butter.\"\r\n\"I wasn't hungry,\" replied the youth, letting his head fall\n\nthe unusual excitement, might perhaps feel inclined to eat something.\"\r\nEdwin brought the plate to the bed. \"If you don't want me to\n\nto Jungfrau Reginchen, who will soon bring you to reason.\"\r\nAgain a vivid blush crimsoned the young man's face, but Edwin\n\nregretted that you could not have it. Once, and no more, good night.\"\r\nWhile undressing, he said to himself, \"This shameless moon! As\n\nendure them.\"\r\n\"And yet you remained to the end.\"\r\n\"I? Why yes; in the first place I had a very comfortable seat;\n\ntroublesome, melancholy,--in a word, insane condition it is.\"\r\nHe had sprung from his bed and was now crouching on the foot\n\nto make room for his brother; \"why must all this be hopeless?\"\r\n\"Just listen, my boy, and you will understand al", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.40092411637306213, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The story of a young woman who is a smitten with the beautiful and charming Fr\u00e4ulein, and whose life is shaped by her love for him.", "reference_summary": "Created for the International year of the Child 1979\nThe children's texts, narratives, interviews and drawings published here, irrpective of their country of origin, have nearly all benn assembled over the past two years from schools. Many were written phonetically, without punctuation. We corrected the spelling, since leaving the texts in thier original form would have made the translator's task impossible. Where they repeated themselves we cut out repetitions so that they could be better understood. However we did not permit ourselves to change a single word."}
{"id": "literary_109", "title": "God of Love: A Guide to the Heart of Judaism, Christianity and Islam", "text": "Lappo Lappi was young and Lappentarius never dreamed of.\r\nThere is no lovelier day of all the years of days for Florence than\n\naffairs that intimately concerned him.\r\nNow, on this day, which I see again so clearly, I was seated, as I say,\n\n\"Flower of the lily or flower of the rose,\r\nMy heart is a leaf on each love-wind that blows.\r\nA face at the window, a form at the door,\r\nCan capture my fancy as never before.\r\nMy fancy was captured, since-well, let us say\r\nSince last night, or the night before last, when I lay\r\nIn the arms of\u2014but, hush, I must needs be discreet;\r\nSo farewell, with a kiss for your hands and your feet.\r\nI worship your fingers, I worship your toes,\r\nFlower of the lily or flower of the rose.\"\n\nLappo, Messer Lappo, who is your sweetheart?\"\r\nAnd I, who was ever ready with a brisk compliment to pretty maid or\n\nwith her brown hand that made my wits sing.\r\nNow this was more than my philosophy could stomach, so I made a grab at\n\nme a kiss, I shall die of despair.\"\r\nThen Brigitta, who was nearest to me, came nearer with a kind look in\n\nkissed her, though I thank Heaven it was not the last.\r\nAnd because there is nothing so contagious as kindness and so\n\nhad not noticed, being so busy on pleasant business.\r\nBut I heard a very sweet and tunable voice speak, and the voice asked,\n\nfriend, Messer Guido Cavalcanti, was newly of our company.\r\nIt is many a long year since my dear friend Messer Guido dei Cavalcanti\n\nsour gentleman, I have news for you.\"\r\nBut I protested, drolling him, for it was always our custom when we met\n\nheed him,\" I said, \"Guido's news is always eight days old.\"\r\nThen the girls laughed at him, for I think in their hearts they were\n\nother. But Guido was not to be downed by their laughter.\r\n\"This is not an hour old,\" he said. \"You should all be at the Signory.\n\nsighed, \"Monna Beatrice, whom some call the loveliest girl in the city?\"\r\nAnd Guido gave to their several questions a single answer: \"Even she.\n\nalways curious\u2014I mean I was then always curi", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.4587024748325348, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The story of the sailor who was born in the Alps and whose life is a mystery.", "reference_summary": "Though greatly influenced by modern teachers of Eastern spirituality such as Ram Dass, Mirabai Starr has spent her life responding to the call to honor the diversity and celebrate the unity between all paths that lead us home to love. Best known for her translations of the Spanish mystics, in God of Love Starr explores the spiritual roots of Western religion. She provides not only an excellent introduction to the basic beliefs, scriptures, and practices of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, but also a new emerging context called InterSpiritual with which to understand our religiously pluralisti"}
{"id": "literary_110", "title": "Myths and Legends of Ancient Egypt", "text": "I.INTRODUCTORY1\r\nII.EXPLORATION, HISTORY, AND CUSTOMS33\r\nIII.THE PRIESTHOOD: MYSTERIES AND TEMPLES52\r\nIV.THE CULT OF OSIRIS63\r\nV.THE GREAT GODS130\r\nVI.EGYPTIAN LITERATURE182\r\nVII.MAGIC252\r\nVIII.FOREIGN AND ANIMAL GODS: THE LATE PERIOD275\r\nIX.EGYPTIAN ART311\r\n\u00a0GLOSSARY AND INDEX329\n\nin unravelling to some extent the age-long enigma of this mystic land.\r\nOne of the first considerations which occur to us is that among such\n\nthe number of eight hundred.\r\nLocal Gods\r\nAnother cause which made for confusion was that in every large town of\n\nthe outer semblance of things, the symbolic, as of old.\r\nThe evolution of religion in ancient Egypt must have taken the same\n\nBut these questions will be dealt with in their proper places.\r\nBeginning with forms of the lower cultus\u2014forms almost certainly of\n\namalgamated or identified with the central idea of a sun-god.\r\nThe Egyptian religion of the Middle and Late Kingdoms was as much a\n\npersonality would continue to exist after death.\r\nBut what proof have we that the early dwellers in Egypt passed through\n\nfetishistic necklaces of fingers found among many savage peoples.\r\nMany Egyptologists deny that totemism entered as a force into the\n\naffording an explanation of the animal-worship of the Egyptians.\"\r\nWherefore, it may be asked, was Egypt alone immune from the influence\n\nas the guardians of this great fetish.[4]\r\nBut there are other and much more apparent proofs of the totemic nature\n\nin Egypt no better proof could be adduced.\r\nThere is no reason to suppose, however, that in later times animals\n\npart of the story at least was a priestly concoction.\r\nBut there was another version, obviously an account of the creation\n\ntime to be battered down by the ruthless artillery of fact.\r\nWe have references to other deities in the Pyramid Texts, some of whom\n\nthree provinces Khnemu was worshipped, and Hathor in six.\r\nThe Egyptian Idea of God\r\nThe word by which the Egyptians implied deity and, indeed, supernatural\n\nreligion in general during the ea", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Philosophy", "topic_confidence": 0.3552784323692322, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The Egyptian religion of the Middle and Late Kingdoms is a complex, multi-dimensional concept that has been largely ignored in recent years. This book is an important contribution to the understanding of the history of Egypt and its culture.", "reference_summary": "From Herodotus to The Mummy, Western civilization has long been fascinated with the exotic myths and legends of Ancient Egypt but they have often been misunderstood. Here acclaimed Egyptologist Joyce Tyldesley guides us through 3000 years of changing stories and, in retelling them, shows us what they mean. Gathered from pyramid friezes, archaological finds and contemporary documents, these vivid and strange stories explain everything from why the Nile flooded every year to their beliefs about what exactly happened after death and shed fascinating light on what life was like for both rich and p"}
{"id": "literary_111", "title": "Sophist", "text": "The Sophist, like the Phaedrus, has a double character, and unites two\r\n      enquirers, which are only in a somewhat forced manner connected with each\r\n      other. The first is the search after the Sophist, the second is the\r\n      enquiry into the nature of Not-being, which occupies the middle part of\r\n      the work. For 'Not-being' is the hole or division of the dialectical net\r\n      in which the Sophist has hidden himself. He is the imaginary impersonation\r\n      of false opinion. Yet he denies the possibility of false opinion; for\r\n      falsehood is that which is not, and therefore has no existence. At length\r\n      the difficulty is solved; the answer, in the language of the Republic,\r\n      appears 'tumbling out at our feet.' Acknowledging that there is a\r\n      communion of kinds with kinds, and not merely one Being or Good having\r\n      different names, or several isolated ideas or classes incapable of\r\n      communion, we discover 'Not-being' to be the other of 'Being.'\r\n      Transferring this to language and thought, we have no difficulty in\r\n      apprehending that a proposition may be false as well as true. The Sophist,\r\n      drawn out of the shelter which Cynic and Megarian paradoxes have\r\n      temporarily afforded him, is proved to be a dissembler and juggler with\r\n      words.\n\nThe chief points of interest in the dialogue are: (I) the character\r\n      attributed to the Sophist: (II) the dialectical method: (III) the nature\r\n      of the puzzle about 'Not-being:' (IV) the battle of the philosophers: (V)\r\n      the relation of the Sophist to other dialogues.\n\nMany words are used both in a general and a specific sense, and the two\r\n      senses are not always clearly distinguished. Sometimes the generic meaning\r\n      has been narrowed to the specific, while in other cases the specific\r\n      meaning has been enlarged or altered. Examples of the former class are\r\n      furnished by some ecclesiastical terms: apostles, prophets, bishops,\r\n      el", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Philosophy", "topic_confidence": 0.5464463233947754, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The ambiguity of the word is a matter of fact, and the meaning of the phrase is derived from the term 'theological'.", "reference_summary": "A fluent and accurate new translation of the dialogue that, of all Plato's works, has seemed to speak most directly to the interests of contemporary and analytical philosophers. White's extensive introduction explores the dialogue's central themes, its connection with related discussions in other dialogues, and its implicaiton for the interpretation of Plato's metaphysics."}
{"id": "literary_112", "title": "The Sentimentalists", "text": "run\u2014if they were not paralyzed by the mere sight of such individuals.\r\nNevertheless, they were a very happy pair and they were very\n\nnot soothe him, he was so furious.\r\n\"Cathy, give me Carson\u2014and don't listen!\" he said tensely.\r\nHe heard clickings on the two-way beam.\r\n\"My generator's gone,\" he said sourly when Carson answered. \"I've\n\nworking! What is this all about, anyhow?\"\r\nThe representative of the Cetis Gamma Trading Company sounded bored.\r\n\"You want a new generator sent out?\" he asked without interest. \"Your\n\ncrop credit's still all right\u2014if the fields are in good shape.\"\r\n\"I want machinery that works!\" Lon Simpson snapped. \"I want machinery\n\nstake you to next growing season.\"\r\n\"And if I don't?\" demanded Lon. \"Suppose I don't give you all my work\n\nmarry me?\"\r\n\"Not over a beamphone, I hope,\" said Cathy.\r\nHe was abruptly sunk in gloom.\r\n\"That was a slip,\" he admitted. \"I was going to wait until I got paid\n\nanother reason for the antiquated central station.\r\nCathy said brightly, \"Yes, Lon?\"\r\n\"I'll come in to town tonight,\" he said darkly. \"Date?\"\r\n\"Y-yes,\" stammered Cathy. \"Oh, yes!\"\r\nHe hung up and went back out to the field and the tractor. He began to\n\nowned in land and machinery and agricultural instructions.\r\nAnd there was Cathy. She owed for her passage. It would be years before\n\nbarracks. They might as well give up thinking about each other.\r\nIt was a system. Beautifully legal, absolutely airtight. Not a thing\n\nthe Company at a bare subsistence wage.\r\nLon Simpson was in the grip of that system. He had taken the generator\n\nguided her thoughts to Cathy, in the beamphone exchange at Cetopolis.\r\n\"But it is terrible!\" said Nodalictha in distress when she had absorbed\n\ncould put through whatever was hooked to it.\r\nHe no longer needed a new generator for his tractor. He had one.\r\nHe didn't even need a Diesel.\r\nWith adequate power\u2014he'd been having to nurse the Diesel along,\n\nwas a frontier\u2014and Lon talked extravagantly.\r\nHe had meant to explain painfully to Cathy t", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.25226834416389465, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The story of a young woman who is a farmer and has been a member of the Cetis Gamma Trading Company for many years. She is the daughter of Cathy Simpson, a local farmer who is in the grip of 'The Genes'.", "reference_summary": "THE SENTIMENTALISTS represents Robert Hugh Benson's first foray into \"non-genre\" fiction, as well as a significant and sensational switch from the historical novels by which he had achieved widespread popularity. This novel also marks Benson's change to an increasingly universal outlook, as well as to a more pointed form of satire, a quality that endeared him to Evelyn Waugh."}
{"id": "literary_113", "title": "Poirot Investigates", "text": "And my friend joined me at the window.\r\nIn a minute he gave vent to an amused chuckle.\r\n\u201cAs usual, your facts are tinged with your\n\nseen Mary Marvell on the screen, mon cher?\u201d\r\nI thought.\r\n\u201cAbout a dozen times perhaps.\u201d\r\n\u201cAnd I\u2014once! Yet I recognize her, and\n\nthe case of the dancer, Valerie Saintclair.\u201d\r\nI shrugged my shoulders, slightly annoyed.\r\n\u201cBut console yourself, mon ami,\u201d said Poirot,\n\nif I mistake not, Miss Mary Marvell.\u201d\r\n\u201cWhat?\u201d\r\n\u201cWithout doubt. She is coming here.\u201d\r\n\u201cHow do you make that out?\u201d\r\n\u201cVery simply. This street, it is not aristocratic,\n\nof you, Hastings, hand me my little almanac.\u201d\r\nI complied.\r\n\u201cVoyons!\u201d said Poirot, turning the leaves.\r\n\u201cWhen is the date of the full moon? Ah,\n\n\u201cWhy, it\u2019s one of the show places of England.\u201d\r\nMiss Marvell nodded.\r\n\u201cI guess it\u2019s the real old feudal stuff all right.\n\nlooked suddenly a good deal older.\r\n\u201cI want to wear it down there.\u201d\r\n\u201cSurely\u201d I said suddenly, \u201cthere are some\n\neither of you ever see Society Gossip?\u201d\r\nWe both pleaded guilty rather shamefacedly.\r\n\u201cI ask because in this week\u2019s number there\n\nMarvell has had warning letters\u2014\u2014\u201d\r\n\u201cMiss Marvell? She has been here?\u201d\r\n\u201cShe has just left. As I was saying, if she,\n\nher head in assent with a little smile.\r\n\u201cThat is so,\u201d she acknowledged.\r\n\u201cWere yours, too, left by hand\u2014by a Chinaman?\u201d\r\n\u201cNo, they came by post; but, tell me, has\n\nThank you so much, Mr.\u2014\u2014\u201d\r\nShe hesitated, her hand outstretched.\r\n\u201cCaptain Hastings.\u201d\r\n\u201cOf course! How stupid of me. You\u2019re a\n\nin these wild-cat tales?\u201d\r\n\u201cWill you do as I ask you?\u201d\r\n\u201cOf course I will, but\u2014\u2014\u201d\r\n\u201cBien! Then permit that I ask you a few\n\nn\u2019est-ce pas?\u201d\r\n\u201cYes, but\u2014\u2014\u201d\r\n\u201cThen do as I say.\u201d\r\nA sadly bewildered nobleman left the room.\r\n \u2022 \u2022 \u2022 \u2022 \u2022 \u2022 \u2022 \r\nIt was half-past five when we arrived at Yardly\n\nsee, I never dreamt of taking them seriously.\u201d\r\n\u201cYou\u2019ll stay the night?\u201d said Lord Yardly.\r\n\u201cOh, milord, I fear to incommode you. We\n\nreluctantly by a stern nurse.\r\nLady Yardly smoothed her ruffled hair.\r\n\u201cI adore them,\u201d she said wi", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.34775036573410034, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The story of a young woman who is a scheming, sexy, and adroit dancer.", "reference_summary": "Two things bind these eleven stories together - the brilliance and uncanny skill of the diminutive Belgian detective, and the stupidity of his Watson-like partner, Captain Hastings. Beyond narrating these stories, Hastings serves only one purpose - to highlight Poirot's brilliance by displaying his own stupidity."}
{"id": "literary_114", "title": "Round the Red Lamp", "text": "BEHIND THE TIMES\r\nHIS FIRST OPERATION\r\nA STRAGGLER OF \u201915\r\nTHE THIRD GENERATION\r\nA FALSE START\r\nTHE CURSE OF EVE\r\nSWEETHEARTS\r\nA PHYSIOLOGIST\u2019S WIFE\r\nTHE CASE OF LADY SANNOX\r\nA QUESTION OF DIPLOMACY\r\nA MEDICAL DOCUMENT\r\nLOT NO. 249\r\nTHE LOS AMIGOS FIASCO\r\nTHE DOCTORS OF HOYLAND\r\nTHE SURGEON TALKS\n\nMy first interview with Dr. James Winter was under dramatic\r\ncircumstances.  It occurred at two in the morning in the bedroom of an\r\nold country house.  I kicked him twice on the white waistcoat and\r\nknocked off his gold spectacles, while he with the aid of a female\r\naccomplice stifled my angry cries in a flannel petticoat and thrust me\r\ninto a warm bath.  I am told that one of my parents, who happened to be\r\npresent, remarked in a whisper that there was nothing the matter with\r\nmy lungs.  I cannot recall how Dr. Winter looked at the time, for I had\r\nother things to think of, but his description of my own appearance is\r\nfar from flattering.  A fluffy head, a body like a trussed goose, very\r\nbandy legs, and feet with the soles turned inwards\u2014those are the main\r\nitems which he can remember.\n\nFrom this time onwards the epochs of my life were the periodical\r\nassaults which Dr. Winter made upon me.  He vaccinated me; he cut me\r\nfor an abscess; he blistered me for mumps.  It was a world of peace and\r\nhe the one dark cloud that threatened.  But at last there came a time\r\nof real illness\u2014a time when I lay for months together inside my\r\nwickerwork-basket bed, and then it was that I learned that that hard\r\nface could relax, that those country-made creaking boots could steal\r\nvery gently to a bedside, and that that rough voice could thin into a\r\nwhisper when it spoke to a sick child.\n\nAnd now the child is himself a medical man, and yet Dr. Winter is the\r\nsame as ever.  I can see no change since first I can remember him, save\r\nthat perhaps the brindled hair is a trifle whiter, and the huge\r\nshoulders a little more bowed.  He is a very tall man, though he loses\r\na couple of inches from", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.7085824012756348, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.5155778527259827, "generated_summary": "The epochs of Dr. Winter's life are revealed in this book, which is the first book to be published by the American Library Association.", "reference_summary": "In England a red lamp is the sign of a general physician. Although Arthur Conan Doyle is best known for his stories about the detective Sherlock Holmes, he was a prolific writer whose other works include science fiction stories, historical novels, plays, romances, poetry, and non-fiction. Round the Red Lamp is a collection of stories all with a medical theme. Doyle said that stories with a graver tone were more likely to have a lasting impact on the reader. Stories in this collection include, Behind the times -- His first operation -- A straggler of '15 -- The third generation -- A false start"}
{"id": "literary_115", "title": "Outlet", "text": "\"Well, gentlemen, if that is the best rate you can offer us, then we'll\r\n      drive the cattle. My boys have all been over the trail before, and your\r\n      figures are no inducement to ship as far as Red River. We are fully aware\r\n      of the nature of the country, but we can deliver the herds at their\r\n      destination for less than you ask us for shipping them one third of the\r\n      distance. No; we'll drive all the way.\"\n\n\"Now, Mr. Lovell,\" said he, dumping a bundle of papers on the table, \"if\r\n      you will kindly glance over these documents, I think I can convince you\r\n      that it is only a question of a few years until all trail cattle will ship\r\n      the greater portion of the way. Here is a tabulated statement up to and\r\n      including the year '83. From twenty counties tributary to our line and\r\n      south of this city, you will notice that in '80 we practically handled no\r\n      cattle intended for the trail. Passing on to the next season's drive, you\r\n      see we secured a little over ten per cent. of the cattle and nearly thirty\r\n      per cent. of the horse stock. Last year, or for '83, drovers took\r\n      advantage of our low rates for Red River points, and the percentage ran up\r\n      to twenty-four and a fraction, or practically speaking, one fourth of the\r\n      total drive. We are able to offer the same low rates this year, and all\r\n      arrangements are completed with our connecting lines to give live-stock\r\n      trains carrying trail cattle a passenger schedule. Now, if you care to\r\n      look over this correspondence, you will notice that we have inquiries\r\n      which will tax our carrying capacity to its utmost. The 'Laurel Leaf' and\r\n      'Running W' people alone have asked for a rate on thirty thousand head.\"\n\nThen the freight men doubled on him, asking if he had taken into\r\n      consideration a saving in wages. In a two days' run they would lay down\r\n      the cattle farther on their way than we could possibly drive in six w", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.5226925611495972, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The story of a young man who is a snobby rancher and a cattle farmer. He is unable to find a job, and his family is in danger. His father, a rancher, is resentful of his son's efforts to get him to work. He has been a loyal friend of the rancher for years, and he is determined to find his own way.", "reference_summary": "When finance writer Yuki's enigmatic and estranged older brother is found decomposing in his apartment, her only clues to his bizarre demise are her memories of him. As Yuki descends deeper and deeper into her own psyche, she catches glimpses of her true nature.\nA brisk, bristling story of survivor's guilt, treacherous sex, and unexpected redemption, Outlet opens the door to a spiritual dimension that is both new and age-old. The climax is mind-blowing."}
{"id": "literary_116", "title": "Touch and Go: A Memoir", "text": "A nice phrase: \"A People's Theatre.\" But what about it? There's no such\r\n      thing in existence as a People's Theatre: or even on the way to existence,\r\n      as far as we can tell. The name is chosen, the baby isn't even begotten:\r\n      nay, the would-be parents aren't married, nor yet courting.\n\nA People's Theatre. Note the indefinite article. It isn't The People's\r\n      Theatre, but A People's Theatre. Not the theatre of Plebs, the\r\n      proletariat, but the theatre of A People. What people? Quel peuple donc?\u2014A\r\n      People's Theatre. Translate it into French for yourself.\n\nA People's Theatre. Since we can't produce it, let us deduce it. Major\r\n      premise: the seats are cheap. Minor premiss: the plays are good.\r\n      Conclusion: A People's Theatre. How much will you give me for my\r\n      syllogism? Not a slap in the eye, I hope.\n\nWe stick to our guns. The seats are cheap. That has a nasty proletarian\r\n      look about it. But appearances are deceptive. The proletariat isn't poor.\r\n      Everybody is poor except Capital and Labour. Between these upper and\r\n      nether millstones great numbers of decent people are squeezed.\n\nThe seats are cheap: in decency's name. Nobody wants to swank, to sit in\r\n      the front of a box like a geranium on a window-sill\u2014\"the cynosure of\r\n      many eyes.\" Nobody wants to profiteer. We all feel that it is as\r\n      humiliating to pay high prices as to charge them. No man consents in his\r\n      heart to pay high prices unless he feels that what he pays with his right\r\n      hand he will get back with his left, either out of the pocket of a man who\r\n      isn't looking, or out of the envy of the poor neighbour who IS looking,\r\n      but can't afford the figure. The seats are cheap. Why should A People,\r\n      fabulous and lofty giraffe, want to charge or pay high prices? If it were\r\n      THE PEOPLE now.\u2014But it isn't. It isn't Plebs, the proletariat. The\r\n      seats are cheap.\n\nThe plays are good. Pah!\u2014this has a canting ", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.3523942828178406, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "A People's Theatre. A reissue of the original novel by the same author, and a sequel to the first edition.", "reference_summary": "Starting with his Depression-era childhood in Chicago to his travails during the McCarthy period where he was blacklisted and thrown out of work, this book offers an intimate portrait of one of America's greatest living legends."}
{"id": "literary_117", "title": "Flame (Flame Set, #1)", "text": "unexpected delight of that flood of inspiration.\r\n[6]\r\nIt was still that hour which, in one of his books, he\n\nPride is the only thing that makes your heart falter.\"\r\n\"Ah, sweet friend, how I love you\u2014how I thank you\n\napproaching them, and said:\r\n\"Look! Look at your pomegranates!\"\r\nBut her voice shook a little.\r\nThen, in the dreamy twilight, on the water as silvery-green\n\nhave consecrated my work to you, as to an ideal Lucina.\"\r\nShe shrank under the eyes of the master of her spirit;\n\njoy. No discord exists between my art and my life.\"\r\nHe spoke with perfect freedom, as if the mind of the\n\nhall; and he felt a rapid throbbing of his heart.\r\n\"It is a very singular thing, Perdita,\" said he, gazing\n\non it, some day when you deserve a severe punishment!\"\r\n\"What! Are you not to read it to-night at the festival?\"\n\ncommented on in them by me. What should I do, then?\"\r\nHe threw around him an all-sweeping glance, as if exploring\n\nupon the city? Where were you last night, at sunset?\"\r\n\"In a garden of the Giudecca.\"\r\n\"I was here, on the Riva. When human eyes have\n\nhim for a time, that I may give myself to the Venetians?\"\r\nThe playful irony with which he had been speaking\n\nthat evening for the first time.\r\n\"To the Hotel Danieli,\" La Foscarina said to the boatman.\r\nWhile the dentellated iron of the prow swung around\n\nlower to conceal his agitation. \"Ah! at last!\"\r\nShe made no reply, but fixed on him a gaze of almost\n\nwords: \"Non ego loquar omnibus, sed tibi, sed mihi, et his.\"\r\n[34]\r\nHe saw within himself the radiant eyes of his unknown\n\nto magnify one's own dream of beauty or of power.\r\nHe bent over a medallion by Pisanello, feeling at his\n\nsuddenly your forehead is illumined by a ray of light.\"\r\nThe pure bronze bore the effigy of a young man with\n\nin their depths some old sword or ancient diadem.\r\n\"Do not all gracious spirits come hither, as to a place\n\neyelids, he had heard serpents hissing in her hair!\r\n\"Ah, if I only knew how to tell you of that prodigious\n\nto that which as ye", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.5160043239593506, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.5023689270019531, "generated_summary": "The epoch of the Renaissance is a time when the world was replete with a multitude of symbiotic and interconnected civilizations. The Renaissance was a period of the era when the most important civilizations were annihilated, and the most powerful civilizations of the twentieth century were destroyed. The era was characterized by the destruction of the world's most important empires, and by the extinction of the first civilizations in the world.", "reference_summary": "\"I need a Husband and I need him now!\"\nWhen her brother was accused of murder, Ashley Webster headed west to clear his name. Although the proud Yankee was prepared to face any hardship on her journey to Fort Bridger, she was horrified to learn that single women weren't welcome on any wagon train. Desperate to cross the plains, Ashley decided to pay the first bachelor willing to pose as her husband. Then the fiery redhead came across a former Johnny Reb in the St. Joe's jail, and she couldn't think of any man she'd rather marry in name only. But out on the rugged trail, Tanner MacTavish quickly"}
{"id": "literary_118", "title": "Eating in Two or Three Languages", "text": "much vanilla ice cream as you could put in a derby hat.\r\n\"And when, as I am turning over my second piece of fried chicken, with\n\ntell me a patriot can't do his bit and eat it too, for I know better.\r\n\"HERB, STAND BACK! STAND WELL BACK TO AVOID BEING SPLASHED!\"\r\n\"HERB, STAND BACK! STAND WELL BACK TO AVOID BEING\n\nthat side. It took me months to find out.\r\n\"'Then finally, one night in a remote interior village, I went to an\n\nmy ability, and without let or hindrance, Herb.'\"\r\nTo be exactly correct about it, I began mapping out this campaign long\n\ndidn't dare go fishing if you had mislaid your worm card.\r\nThe resolution having formed, it budded and grew in my mind when I was\n\nanswer I worked out was as follows: \"My face!\"\r\nSuch was the pleasing program I figured out on shipboard. But, as is\n\ndidn't weaken\u2014and nobody did.\r\nBut, so far as the joys of the table are concerned, I think I shall be\n\ncould he but return to the scenes he loved and wrote about.\r\nDickens, as will be recalled, specialised in mouth-watering\n\nexercise that gives you an appetite for the rest of the meal.\r\nFrom the vegetable marrow you derive no nourishment, and certainly you\n\nvegetable. Yet its friends over there seem to set much store by it.\r\nLikewise the English cook has always gone in rather extensively for\n\ndishes of England appear to have lost most of their taste.\r\nYou can do a lot of browsing about at an English table these days and\n\nsensation of a python full of pigeons.\r\nI shall never forget the first meals I had on English soil, this\n\ndirection and that\u2014yes, perhaps so; but surely nothing more serious.\r\nImmediately on arrival we chartered a taxicab\u2014a companion and I did.\n\nrail, we were entitled, it seemed, to claim refreshment.\r\nHowever, he, as an officer, was restricted to a meal costing not to\n\nthought, a passing fair conception\u2014but a vain one.\r\n\"No steaks to-night, sir,\" said the waiter sorrowfully.\r\n\"All right, then,\" one of us said. \"How about chops\u2014fat juicy chops?\"\r\n\"Oh, no, sir; no cho", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.5815774202346802, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.5069943070411682, "generated_summary": "The first book in the series of novels by the author of the novel \"The Countess of the Isle of Man\" is a collection of short stories and poems by the poet, whose work has been translated into several languages.", "reference_summary": "Wartime culinary memoirs from the American author, humourist, and columnist who lived in New York and wrote over 60 books and 300 short stories."}
{"id": "literary_119", "title": "The Last Letter", "text": "and grind on them. Black Sorter was rugged.\r\nThe rejected envelope was tongued up by Red Subsorter, who growled deep\n\nminutes, small atomic flames started to flicker from her mid-section.\r\nWhite Nursemaid Seven and Greasy Joe both received Pink Wastebasket's\n\nrecorded the immediate cause of death as tinkering by a human being.\r\nThe human being, a bald and scrawny one named Potshelter, picked up the\n\n\"Krumbine, a letter turned up in the first-class mail this morning.\"\r\n\"Great Scott!\"\r\n\"It is a letter from one person to another person.\"\r\n\"Good Lord!\"\r\n\"The flow of advertising has been seriously interfered with. At a\n\nHelms\u2014God bless 'em!\u2014have the trouble in hand yet.\"\r\n\"Judas Priest!\"\r\n\"Naturally the poor machines weren't able to cope with the letter.\n\nTake another tranquilizer, Potshelter, and hand over the tray.\"\r\nKrumbine received it with trembling fingers, started to pick up a big\n\nanother?\"\r\n\"Worse than that. A written letter.\"\r\n\"Written? I don't recognize the word.\"\r\n\"It's a way of making characters, of forming visual equivalents of\n\nme, it's all right, because we know what we're doing.\"\r\nHe picked up a third blue tranquilizer. \"But with most of the\n\npromotion employed in betraying and subverting.\"\r\nThe frown deepened as he put the blue pill in his mouth and chewed it.\n\nconceivable, and producing a record of sorts of the spoken word.\"\r\n\"No, no, Krumbine.\" Potshelter nervously popped a square orange tablet\n\nFleet has been detached to orbit over NewNew York.\"\r\n\"In case it becomes necessary to Z-Bomb?\" Potshelter asked grimly.\r\nKrumbine nodded. \"With all those villains lurking just outside the\n\noval blues\u2014I find them best for steady swallowing.\"\r\nBells jangled. Krumbine grabbed up two phones, holding one to each ear.\n\nMister J. Augustus Krumbine,\r\nWe all think you're fine, fine, fine, fine.\r\nNow out of the skyey blue\r\nCome some telegrams for you.\n\nSBI officials a private telepath\u2014a charming albino girl named Agnes.\r\n\"Yes, and it's a very handsome walky-talky,\" he a", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.42326176166534424, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The rebirth of the atomic age is a time when the world was awash with atoms and atom-like particles. The universe was ruled by a single, unified, universal, universal force, which was able to unite the universe into one single, universal body. This is the first book in the series of books that will be published in the future.", "reference_summary": "The thrilling sequel to Fifteen Postcards\nDisappearing from her antiques shop amid a spray of bullets, Sarah Lester leaves no body, only questions.\nSarah's friends are left to deal with the aftermath of her disappearance, including questions about the dubious provenance of her antiques which threaten to crush the business she's brought back from the brink of failure.\nSarah struggles to reunite with her father while continuing the search for her mother, unaware that England's violent colonial past has followed her to the present, putting herself and those she loves in danger. From the remote sh"}
{"id": "literary_120", "title": "Parmenides", "text": "The conclusion at which we must arrive is that the Parmenides is not a\r\n      refutation of the Eleatic philosophy. Nor would such an explanation afford\r\n      any satisfactory connexion of the first and second parts of the dialogue.\r\n      And it is quite inconsistent with Plato's own relation to the Eleatics.\r\n      For of all the pre-Socratic philosophers, he speaks of them with the\r\n      greatest respect. But he could hardly have passed upon them a more\r\n      unmeaning slight than to ascribe to their great master tenets the reverse\r\n      of those which he actually held.\n\nPerhaps there is no passage in Plato showing greater metaphysical power\r\n      than that in which he assails his own theory of Ideas. The arguments are\r\n      nearly, if not quite, those of Aristotle; they are the objections which\r\n      naturally occur to a modern student of philosophy. Many persons will be\r\n      surprised to find Plato criticizing the very conceptions which have been\r\n      supposed in after ages to be peculiarly characteristic of him. How can he\r\n      have placed himself so completely without them? How can he have ever\r\n      persisted in them after seeing the fatal objections which might be urged\r\n      against them? The consideration of this difficulty has led a recent critic\r\n      (Ueberweg), who in general accepts the authorised canon of the Platonic\r\n      writings, to condemn the Parmenides as spurious. The accidental want of\r\n      external evidence, at first sight, seems to favour this opinion.\n\nThe full discussion of this subject involves a comprehensive survey of the\r\n      philosophy of Plato, which would be out of place here. But, without\r\n      digressing further from the immediate subject of the Parmenides, we may\r\n      remark that Plato is quite serious in his objections to his own doctrines:\r\n      nor does Socrates attempt to offer any answer to them. The perplexities\r\n      which surround the one and many in the sphere of the Ideas are also\r\n      all", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Philosophy", "topic_confidence": 0.3115192949771881, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The Parmenides is a comprehensive account of the philosophy of Plato.", "reference_summary": "This is an English translation of one of the more challenging and enigmatic of Plato's dialogues between Socrates and Parmenides and Zeno of Elea, that begins with Zeno defending his treatise of Parmenidean monism against those partisans of plurality.\nFocus Philosophical Library translations are close to and are non-interpretative of the original text, with the notes and a glossary intending to provide the reader with some sense of the terms and the concepts as they were understood by Plato's immediate audience."}
{"id": "literary_121", "title": "The Lost Diaries", "text": "now with a large stairkes then we had tea and went home.\r\nSunday.\u2014I said to Anderson that we might start an\n\nscool\u2014Reynolds'. We won by three goals and three tries.\r\nThere was an awful row on Wednesday. Anderson cut off a\n\nforgetful. I hadn't been out with the hawkers for weeks.\r\nThen dinner was served. It lasted for hours I thought, and\n\nand after dinner he becomes sleepy directly, just like papa.\r\nMay 7.\u2014I've had a most exciting day. Papa and mamma sent\n\nheard of! My anguish and shame are too great for words.\r\nBut the Duke and the Dowager have been most sympathetic.\r\nJune 26.\u2014Jane has fled, and my jewels as well as hers are\n\nthree crounes to the expenses which my patrons curtesly pay.\r\nTake lodgynges every day bytwene noone and thre of the\n\nthe chronyclers to make no boast of their good adventure.\r\nAugust 30.\u2014The Kynge of Englande has layd siege to Calys\n\ndyner, and every person ii d. sterlying in alms.\r\nAnd the chronyclers have added to the lyst of their costs\n\nwas scarcely an argument, as I translated it for her.\r\nI cannot help thinking that there was sometimes an element\n\none. This was, I consider, a monstrous piece of injustice.\r\nDuring one of the intervals, which are only too frequent,\n\nas soon as his foot is well, for his untruthfulness.\r\nThis, my first experience of school life, is not very\n\nworse. Faustina might have been a loose woman! A profligate!\r\nMay 6.\u2014Read out the first canto of my epic on the origins\n\nleast one Gracchus! That was well said. I was much touched.\r\nMay 20.\u2014Commodus has appeared with great success, but the\n\nVII\r\nFROM THE DIARY OF MRS JAMES LEE'S HUSBAND\r\nOctober 1.\u2014At last the heat wave is over. It's the first\n\nday we have been able to breathe for months.\r\nJust as I was coming back from my morning walk, Hilda leant\n\nwindow with a bang and was cross all through luncheon.\r\n\"Rissoles again,\" I said to Hilda, \"you know I hate hashed\n\none's on the verge of getting an idea fixed\u2014I said \"No.\"\r\nI'm afraid this hurt her feelings.\r\nOctober 9.\u2014Sin", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.6594645977020264, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.5070149898529053, "generated_summary": "The first book in the series of novels by the author, a young woman who has been a member of the Royal Family for many years. She is the daughter of the Duke of Cambridge and the granddaughter of the Princess of Wales. Her father, the Duke, is a wealthy lawyer and politician. Her mother, the Queen, is an aspiring journalist. Her grandmother, the Princess, is the wife of the Prince of Wales, and her husband, the Prince, is her aunt.", "reference_summary": "'The Lost Diaries' is a wide-ranging anthology of the world's greatest diarists, each of them channelled onto paper through the considerable psychic force that is Craig Brown."}
{"id": "literary_122", "title": "A Case in Camera", "text": "\"Our Life is like a curious Play\r\nWhere each doth strive to hide himself.\r\nOne Mask doth to another say\r\n'Let us be open as the Day'\r\nThe better to conceal himself.\"\n\nrarer possession, an eye in his head to see straight with.\r\n\"Well, which of 'em are you going to have for yourself,\n\nflag and all,\" he added with professional satisfaction.\r\nPhilip Esdaile gave a quick exclamation.\r\n\"By Jove, that just reminds me! The orange[Pg 18]\n\npossibly he had the key of it in his pocket.\r\nIt was oddly irritating to watch him try first one key\n\nat the French window.\r\n\"Well?\" we both demanded at once.\r\n[Pg 22]\r\nHe was agitated, as indeed he had some reason for\n\nhurt\u2014was, indeed, quite likely to pull through.\r\n\"Do you know who they are?\" Hubbard asked.\r\nAgain Monty seemed preoccupied with his clothes.\n\nhad heard nothing, knew nothing of what had occurred?\r\nMonty Rooke was the first to speak.\r\n\"Do you mean to say you didn't hear it?\" he blurted\n\nwidest reach. \"Do come quick and look, daddy!\"\r\nAnd he seized his father's hand.\r\nAgain I caught Hubbard's eye. Esdaile was at it\n\nat a rug with his toe.\r\n\"What about what?\" he asked.\r\n\"About this last half-hour.\"\r\n\"You mean where have I been? I went down into\n\nin one word, all our experience was still to be earned.\r\n[Pg 40]\r\nFor this reason, I was just as much interested in\n\nof things when you listen to the man in the pub.\r\nI think it was the sight of a plumpish young man in\n\ncalled this \"Tom, Dick and Harry sort of flying.\"\r\n\"And here you have the proof of it,\" he was saying,\n\ngoing to stop for a broken neck or two. I don't think!\"\r\n\"Well, tell us all about it, Harry,\" somebody said;\n\ndone. I will give you an instance of what I mean.\r\nA year or two before there had arrived one night at\n\nmy By-election Blighters half an hour ago. Well\u2014\u2014\"\r\n[Pg 48]\r\nAnd, as I sat down in the chair at the end of his desk,\n\n\"He's not that kind of man. It simply doesn't fit in.\"\r\n\"His behavior this morning, you mean?\"\r\n\"Yes. It was another man altogether. Why, be", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.5078009963035583, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The first book in the series of novels by the author of the novel \"The Last Word\" (1996), \"The First Word\" is a collection of short stories written by the writer of the first book of the series. It is based on the story of the same name by the same author.", "reference_summary": "Philip had at least two good reasons for being in high feather that morning. The first of these was that barely a week ago, with a magnificent new quill pen, he had signed the Roll, had shaken august hands, and was now Philip Esdaile, A.R.A., probably the most gifted among the younger generation of painters of the pictorial phenomena of Light. I and his second reason for contentment happened to arrive almost simultaneously at the wrought-iron gate that opened on to his little front garden. We all knew that for many months past our barrister friend, Billy Mackwith, had been tracking down and bu"}
{"id": "literary_123", "title": "Country House: Polish Theatre Archive", "text": "of being submitted to the writer for correction.\r\nIt is proposed that the next volume should contain a reprint of\n\nfor this aid, would linger on in idleness and ignorance.\r\nThe teaching is not merely confined to reading and writing; the main object of\n\nforms the fourth.\r\nIt is conceived that it is unnecessary now to urge one word in favour of the absolute\n\na small thatched cottage is very pretty.\r\nI shall begin by stating the sort of house we want, and give a short\n\npermit, the merits of each, and which on the whole you prefer.\r\nAs regards the ground, we have no park, but sufficient extent of land to\n\nEnglish scenery, such as is met with in the southern counties.\r\nNow as regards the house. There must be a good dining-room, a good\n\ndifficult point to manage, and merely throw it out for your consideration.\r\nThe general building material in this part of the country is brick, though\n\ndifficulties of the undertaking, I begin with more confidence.\r\nWhat then, with a view to your individual taste, is the style I would\n\nunion of the three been complete.\r\nIt is well known that, owing to the fetters imposed upon them in Egypt\n\nwere confined to geometrical figures for the ornaments.\r\nThe above cursory glance at the history of the art, may at least serve to\n\nand trust to your kindness for better instruction.\r\nYou assume that the Grecian style is the best adapted to pictorial and\n\nWith hues romantic tinged the gorgeous pane,\r\nTo fill with holy light this wondrous fane,\r\nTo aid the builder's model richly rude,\r\nBy no Vitruvian symmetry subdued.\n\nyour views, all I mean is to canvass and to be sure that I understand them.\r\nI have to repeat that I agree entirely that the style is best which is most\n\nbuild a country-house, not a palace!\r\nIt is a long time since I was in Italy, and when I was there I did not pay\n\nand comfort should always be prominent.\r\nI am a great admirer of Balzac, and I think one of his best descriptions of\n\nharbouring deadly enmity against this fair paradise.\r\nIt", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.8623812198638916, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.53596431016922, "generated_summary": "The first book in the series of novels by the author, a collection of short stories and essays by the writer, whose main purpose is to give readers a glimpse into the life of the author.", "reference_summary": "Country House, a \"comedy with corpses\" is a wicked subversion of all those realistic psychological dramas of jealousy, adultery, murder and suicide that ask to be taken seriously. Witkacy's send-up assumes the form of a ghost story full of surprises, in the course of which an entire family of four is gleefully dispatched to the other world. When it was first performed in 1923 in Torun, Country House was judged unsuitable for the general public because it derided moral, social and dramatic convention. Three years later, as directed by the playwright himself in Lwow, the drama proved an unexpect"}
{"id": "literary_124", "title": "Grace Harlowe's Return to Overton Campus (The College Girls Series, #5)", "text": "Overton College that made its hum-drum existence worth while.\r\n\"Oh, Mrs. Gray, you can't imagine how happy I feel!\" went on Grace, her\n\nHall, and that Mrs. Elwood is to meet us.\"\r\nA long shrill whistle, a creaking and groaning of protesting iron\n\nskirts with two long braids of fair hair hanging down your back.\"\r\n\"I don't really feel a bit older than I did then,\" confessed Grace.\n\ntaxicab just the other side of the station. Yes, there it is.\"\r\nThe driver touched his cap smilingly to Grace as they climbed into the\n\nwere making valiant efforts to obtain an education.\r\nIt was in reference to Harlowe House, her future home, that Grace and\n\nblame you. I suppose this ride brings up hosts of memories.\"\r\nGrace nodded. She could not trust her voice to answer. A sudden mist\n\nand Miriam, whose faith and good fellowship had never failed her.\r\nA sob rose in Grace's throat, but she quickly stifled it. After all she\n\ngreat features of the Famous Fiction dance.\r\nThen she saw four girls, with their shining heads bared to the sun,\n\npassed through that gateway, yet how long it seemed.\r\nSuddenly her look of abstraction changed to one of startled interest.\n\nsee that there was some one awake and stirring.\"\r\nWith a joyous cry of \"J. Elfreda, where, oh, where did you come from?\" a\n\nthe warm embrace with interest.\r\n\"Oh, Grace, I can't tell you how glad I am to see you again!\" exclaimed\n\nhot-footed it for the station the minute Ma said I could come.\"\r\n\"Which letter do you mean, Elfreda?\" asked Grace in a puzzled tone.\r\n\"Why the one from Mrs. Gray, of course,\" returned Elfreda. \"Isn't she\n\nMrs. Gray, who rose to greet her.\r\n\"I'm so glad you could come, my dear. I knew that Grace would miss her\n\nsoon as she is settled.\"\r\n\"Dear little Anne,\" smiled Elfreda, her eyes growing tender.\r\n\"I hope she'll be back in time for the girls' weddings. Nora and Jessica\n\nanxious.\r\n\"When are they to be married?\"\r\n\"The last of September. The date hasn't been set.\"\r\n\"Grace,\" Elfreda fixed round solemn eyes on her ", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.4132099747657776, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The story of a young woman who is aspired to be a writer. She is the daughter of renowned author, Elfreda, and her husband, Jessica. Her father, a famous poet, is renowned for his work in poetry and fiction. She has been a teacher at Overton College, where she was a student. She was also a member of the faculty of the university's literary department.", "reference_summary": "Josephine Chase (? -1931), also known as Capt. Gordon Bates; Jessie Graham Flower; Pauline Lester; Ames Thompson and Dale Wilkins, was an American prolific author who wrote with the pseudonym J. G. Flower Grace Harlowe's Plebe Year at High School (1910), Grace Harlowe's Sophomore Year at High School (1911), Grace Harlowe's Junior Year at High School (1911), Grace Harlowe's Senior Year at High School (1912), Grace Harlowe's First Year at Overton College (1914), Grace Harlowe's Second Year at Overton College (1914), Grace Harlowe's Third Year at Overton College (1914), Grace Harlowe's Fourth Yea"}
{"id": "literary_125", "title": "A Text-Book of the History of Painting", "text": "Champlin and Perkins, Cyclopedia of Painters and Paintings, New York.\r\nAdeline, Lexique des Termes d'Art.\r\nGazette des Beaux Arts, Paris.\r\nLarousse, Grand Dictionnaire Universel, Paris.\r\nL'Art, Revue hebdomadaire illustr\u00e9e, Paris.\r\nBryan, Dictionary of Painters. New edition.\r\nBrockhaus, Conversations-Lexikon.\r\nMeyer, Allgemeines K\u00fcnstler-Lexikon, Berlin.\r\nMuther, History of Modern Painting.\r\nAgincourt, History of Art by its Monuments.\r\nBayet, Pr\u00e9cis d'Histoire de l'Art.\r\nBlanc, Histoire des Peintres de toutes les \u00c9coles.\r\nEastlake, Materials for a History of Oil Painting.\r\nL\u00fcbke, History of Art, trans. by Clarence Cook.\r\nReber, History of Ancient Art.\r\nReber, History of Medi\u00e6val Art.\r\nSchnasse, Geschichte der Bildenden K\u00fcnste.\r\nGirard, La Peinture Antique.\r\nViardot, History of the Painters of all Schools.\r\nWilliamson (Ed.), Handbooks of Great Masters.\r\nWoltmann and Woermann, History of Painting.\n\ndepartments of painting existent to-day.\r\n1. Decorative Painting.\r\n2. Expressive Painting.\r\nPure Decorative Painting is not usually expressive of ideas other than\n\nobservance, and certainly the first known to us was sepulchral.\r\nART MOTIVES: The centre of the Egyptian system was the monarch and his\n\ntemples and palaces the religious and monarchical scenes.\r\nIn one form or another it was all record of Egyptian life, but this\n\nadvanced upon or varied to any extent this one method of work.\r\nHISTORIC PERIODS: Egyptian art may be traced back as far as the Third\n\nlocated at Memphis in Lower Egypt, and it is among the remains of this\r\nMemphitic Period that the earliest and best painting is found. In\n\nmechanic following time-honored example. In the\r\nSaitic Period the seat of empire was once more in Lower Egypt, and art\n\nin the ruins of Persepolis and elsewhere.\r\nPH\u0152NICIAN, CYPRIOTE, AND ASIA MINOR PAINTING.\r\nBooks Recommended: As before cited, Babelon, Duncker, Ely,\n\nGreece arose it accepted a retroactive influence from there.\r\nIt is impossible to characterize the Ph\u0153nician type, a", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.8134709596633911, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.534277617931366, "generated_summary": "The Egyptian art may be a very interesting subject, but it is not the only one. It is the most important of all.", "reference_summary": "This is a pre-1923 historical reproduction that was curated for quality. Quality assurance was conducted on each of these books in an attempt to remove books with imperfections introduced by the digitization process. Though we have made best efforts - the books may have occasional errors that do not impede the reading experience. We believe this work is culturally important and have elected to bring the book back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide."}
{"id": "literary_126", "title": "All In the Mind", "text": "possible working with animal brains. We've got to get a human one.\"\r\n\"We can't,\" Mel had disagreed. \"There'd be enough of an uproar if the\n\nwould close us up tighter than a drum.\"\r\n\"But our lab's too well hidden, they'd never know.\"\r\n\"It wouldn't work anyway. The brain might be damaged for lack of oxygen\n\nfailure where a fresh, healthy brain would mean success.\"\r\n\"We'll never know unless we try,\" said Neil almost violently, dark eyes\n\nglittering. \"Our funds aren't going to last forever.\"\r\nMel had turned his back and was leaning over the tank where the latest\n\nonly indication that the brain was alive.\r\nWhat had happened then? He thought hard, until a sharp pain and growing\n\nof their lab, although he didn't see how that could have happened.\r\nHe became aware of voices, faint at first, then growing stronger. He\n\nto....\"\r\n\"Where does this connection go, here?\"\r\nThe other voice boomed in then, deep vibrations feeling as if they would\n\nshatter his brain. There was a frantic quality in the words.\r\n\"No, no, you fool, don't....\" A penetrating pain knifed through Mel's\n\nwelcomed the loss of consciousness as it blanketed him.\r\nHe struggled back to consciousness once more, a voice calling over and\n\ntriumphantly. \"You do hear me, Mel, I can see.\"\r\nAgain Mel tried to call out, without success. The other warned quickly.\n\nthat represented his brain's output up to full level.\r\nHis brain sent impulses out to the nerve ends that had controlled his\n\ncarefully in the hope he would find a means of striking back.\r\nDuring the next few weeks, only his hatred for Neil enabled Mel to keep\n\n\"Unless you want to admit murder, we're still partners.\"\r\nNeil laughed and said, \"That's right. Of course I can draw any and all\n\ntime you want to.\" He chuckled, then grew serious.\r\n\"Don't get any ideas,\" he warned. \"We've been spending most of the time\n\nthe way it'll be.\"\r\n\"But the ethics....\"\r\n\"I know what would happen to me if you turned me over to the scientists.\n\nI'd be a freak and treated as such. I ow", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.18486283719539642, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "Neil and Mel are a couple who have been working together for years. They're both in love with each other, but Neil is not happy about the way they're treating their partners. Neil is a snobby, sloppy, and apathetic. Neil's a very good friend, and Mel is able to help him.", "reference_summary": "Alastair Campbell's powerful first novel is a gripping portrait of the strange dependency between patient and doctor.\nMartin Sturrock desperately needs a psychiatrist. The problem? He is one.\nEmily is a traumatized burn victim; Arta a Kosovan refugee recovering from a rape. David Temple is a long term depressive, while the Rt. Hon. Ralph Hall MP lives in terror of his drinking problem being exposed. Very different Londoners, but they share one thing: every week they spend an hour at the Prince Regent Hospital, revealing the secrets of their psyche to Professor Martin Sturrock. Little do they k"}
{"id": "literary_127", "title": "Switzerland (A Biker Saga, #2)", "text": "28.\r\nAlpine Garden (La Linnea) at Bourg St. Pierre on the road to the Great St. Bernard, beginning of August\r\n160\n\n1\r\nSWITZERLAND\r\nCHAPTER I\r\nTHE SPIRIT OF THE MOUNTAINS\r\nThe Swiss as a people often suffer in the judgment of the tourist by\n\nbecoming more generous in response to the spirit of the mountains.\r\nFrom this feeling of exhilaration of the mind and the body, which\n\nlive fish is placed will not overflow.\r\nThat king's merry jest on his men of learning3 who set out to find a\n\na natural law just as well as any other law.\r\nIn truth, though, the idea that dwelling on a mountain-top has a\n\non a mountain should have this fine effect on the human character.\r\nT. On that point, surely, there is no difference of opinion at all?\n\neager for liberty, the most virtuous of the earth.\r\nS. But it happens that I am not so wise as those people. I do not\n\npupil, perhaps you will tell me why it is so.\r\nT. You ask a rather difficult question. It is like, almost, raising\n\nsome reference to the noble nature of mountain peoples?\r\nS. To tell you the truth, I am not quite satisfied. It is even\n\na German wise man named Schopenhauer and have read his writings.\r\nT. (Interrupting.) Yes. But if he writes against mountain people I\n\nthat not seem to you a rational argument?\r\nT. Yes. Certainly it is not absurd. There may be some truth in what\n\nregarding the matters of which they speak.\r\nT. I agree with you there. But I do not see that there is any\n\nnoble character of mountain peoples.\r\nS. I wish to come to that now. I accept what you say that very many\n\nOf old sat Freedom on the heights,\r\nThe thunders breaking at her feet:\r\nAbove her shook the starry lights:\r\nShe heard the torrents meet.\n\nThere in her place she did rejoice,\r\nSelf-gather'd in her prophet-mind,\r\nBut fragments of her mighty voice\r\nCame rolling on the wind.\n\nThen stept she down thro' town and field\r\nTo mingle with the human race,\r\nAnd part by part to men reveal'd\r\nThe fullness of her face.\n\nbrain which are almost peculiar to mounta", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.2962128520011902, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The first book in the series of books on mountain peoples.", "reference_summary": "In Book one, we met the GGS and learned of the threat against them and the biker community. After the initial shakedown by the UC, they discover each Club in the state has a member being held hostage. Not all Clubs are strong enough to make a stand. Some have fallen, forced to join the UC, and those strong enough, lack the necessary resources to win the war. Now, as outlaw bikers converge on the GGS Clubhouse, there is no choice but to set aside their differences and come together. As war breaks out and personal agendas interfere with strategy, secrets are revealed, undermining the only chance"}
{"id": "literary_128", "title": "Huntingtower", "text": "you happy now that you are a grown-up lady?\"\r\n\"Happy!\" Her voice had a thrill in it like music,[Pg 12]\n\n\"What's a man's age? He must hurry more, that's all;\r\nCram in a day, what his youth took a year to hold:\r\nWhen we mind labour, then only, we're too old\u2014\r\nWhat age had Methusalem when he begat Saul?\"\n\nBut now the classification must be reconsidered.\r\n\"So you were in the war,\" he said encouragingly.\r\n\"Four blasted years,\" was the savage reply.\n\nwomen in parlours.\"\r\n\"Are you a poet, Mr. Heritage?\"\r\n\"No, Dogson, I'm a paper-maker.\"\r\nThis was a new view to Mr. McCunn. \"I just\n\nSome day for my own sake I may be a poet.\"\r\n\"Have you published anything?\"\r\nThe eager admiration in Dickson's tone gratified\n\n\"Sunflowers, tall Grenadiers, ogle the roses' short-skirted ballet.\r\nThe fumes of dark sweet wine hidden in frail petals\r\nMadden the drunkard bees.\"\n\npretty fair cub last night.\"\r\n\"I did that,\" was the dry answer.\r\n\"Well, I want to apologise. God knows what\n\nsort of place.   Do you dream about it?\"\r\n\"Not exactly.\"\r\n\"Well, I do. The queer thing is that I've got\n\n\"Thou shalt hear a song\r\nAfter a while which Gods may listen to;\r\nBut place the flask upon the board and wait\r\nUntil the stranger hath allayed his thirst,\r\nFor poets, grasshoppers and nightingales\r\nSing cheerily but when the throat is moist.\"\n\nhe's a laird to refuse folk that gait?\"\r\n\"He said he had illness in the house.\"\r\nMrs. Morran meditated. \"Whae in the world\n\nnobody any harm if you let us in for half an hour.\"\r\nThe man advanced another step.\r\n\"You shall not come in. Go away from here.\n\nlife before joining the sedater sea.\r\nHeritage flung himself on the turf.\r\n\"This is a good place! Ye gods, what a good\n\nthat listen for lovers'\u2014all the rest of it!\"\r\nDickson observed and marvelled.\r\n\"I can't make you out, Mr. Heritage. You were\n\nHe began to whistle with a far-away look in his eye.\r\n\"Do you know what that is?\" he asked suddenly.\r\nDickson, who could not detect any tune, said No.\r\n\"It's an aria from a Russian opera", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.5049247741699219, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The first book in the series of novels by American author and poet Dickson McCunn.", "reference_summary": "An old man takes what may be the last walking tour of his life. A young war hero tours the countryside on foot after convalescing from wounds he suffered during the first world war. A Russian princess is kidnapped. And the key to the the crime lies in a romantic, forboding castle on the coast of Scotland. In this novel of romance and adventure, John Buchan spins a tale of mystery, intrigue, and suspense. This publication from Boomer Books is specially designed and typeset for comfortable reading."}
{"id": "literary_129", "title": "The Gorilla Hunters", "text": "\u201cAs Shakespeare has it. Well, well, who would have thought that so conversable and intelligent a creature should have come to such a melancholy end?\u201d\r\nThe poor frog had indeed come to a sad and sudden end, and I felt quite sorry for it, although I could not help smiling at my companion\u2019s quaint manner of announcing the fact.\r\nNot being gifted with the activity of Peterkin, it had stood its ground when the rhinoceros charged, and had received an accidental kick from the great foot of that animal which had broken its back and killed it outright.\r\n\u201cThere\u2019s one comfort, however,\u201d observed Jack, as we stood over the frog\u2019s body: \u201cyou have been saved the disagreeable necessity of killing it yourself, Ralph.\u201d\r\nThis was true, and I was not sorry that the rhinoceros had done me this service; for, to say truth, I have ever felt the necessity of killing animals in cold blood to be one of the few disagreeable points in the otherwise delightful life of a naturalist. To shoot animals in the heat and excitement of the chase I have never felt to be particularly repulsive or difficult; but the spearing of an insect, or the deliberate killing of an unresisting frog, are duties which I have ever performed with a feeling of deep self-abhorrence.\r\nCarefully packing my frog in leaves, and placing it in my pouch, I turned with my companions to quit the scene of our late encounter and return to our camp, on arriving at which we purposed sending back Makarooroo to cut off the horn of the rhinoceros; for we agreed that, as it was impossible to carry away the entire carcass, we ought at least to secure the horn as a memorial of our adventure.", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.903377890586853, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.5388979911804199, "generated_summary": "The frog is a solitary creature, and the only one that can be seen in the wild. It is unable to reproduce itself, but it can reproduce itself by a means of a human being. The secluded creature is able to reproduce themselves by observing its own behavior, and by interacting with its environment.", "reference_summary": "Hereupon the monkey uttered a terrific shriek of passion, exposed all its teeth and gums, glared at its adversary like a little fiend, and seizing the branch with both hands, shook it with all its might. The result was, that not only did the coveted bunch of fruit fall to the ground, but a perfect shower of bunches came down, one of which hit Jack on the forehead, and, bursting there, sent its fragrant juice down his face and into his beard, while the parrots and all the other monkeys took to flight, shrieking with mingled terror and rage."}
{"id": "literary_130", "title": "Morocco", "text": "the secrets of Sunset Land.\r\nAfter dinner a few of the bolder spirits among the men take counsel of a\n\ngoals that the undisguised European may reach.\r\nMorocco does not change save by compulsion, and there is no area of\n\nOver the meadows that blossom and wither\r\nRings but the note of a sea-bird's song,\r\nOnly the sun and the rain come hither\r\nAll year long.\n\nprevailing in the country markets, but quite low enough for Europeans.\r\nThis little corner of the world, close to the meeting of the Atlantic and\n\nwending his way to the village gardens, where the maize was green.\r\nYet the district has not always been solitary. Where now the tents are\n\nMaster Allah, who had conquered the powers of darkness once again.\r\nWhile I enjoy a morning stroll over the hills, or a plunge in the sea,\n\nstayed one morning to watch the procedure.\r\nThe eldest of the party, a woman who seems to be eighty and is probably\n\nconventions of trading in Sunset Land.\r\n\"The Peace of the Prophet on all True Believers. I have brought food from\n\nMediunah,\" says the elderly advance-guard, by way of opening the campaign.\r\n\"Allah is indeed merciful, O my Aunt,\" responds Salam with lofty\n\ndown to the pit. In short, everything is too dear.\r\nOnly the little children are frightened by this outburst, which is no more\n\nbeginning to the end of the year.\r\n\"I've almost forgotten my own tongue,\" he said to me one evening when he\n\nhouses of wealthy residents are half a dozen miles nearer Tangier.[3]\r\nOn other evenings the road chosen lies in the direction of the Caves of\n\nroam at will through Eastern legendary lore.\r\nIt is always necessary to keep a careful eye upon the sun during these\n\nin spite of all considerations they must have news of the outer world.\r\nWhen the moon comes out and the Great Bear constellation is shining above\n\nphilosophy cannot compass one of the many mysteries that lie at our door.\r\nIf any proof were required that Morocco in all its internal disputes is\n\nfood as a piece of impertinence, only excusabl", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.40437936782836914, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The book is a collection of short stories, poems and essays by the author. It is based on the novel of the same name by the same author.", "reference_summary": "Pierre Loti, nom de plume of Julien Viaud, visited Morocco in the latter 19th century and travelled overland from Tangier to Fes. This book describes that trip."}
{"id": "literary_131", "title": "The Brownies: Their Book", "text": "The more they talked, the stronger grew The wish to prove how much they knew. From page to page through books to pass And spell the words that tried the class; So through their skill they soon obtained Access to all the room contained.\n\n\"As by the river's bank I strayed,\r\nWhere here and there a building stands,\r\nAnd town and country-side join hands,\r\nBefore me stood a massive wall\r\nWith engine-rooms and chimneys tall.\n\n\"To scale the place a way I found,\r\nAnd, creeping in, looked all around;\r\nThere bicycles of every grade\r\nAre manufactured for the trade;\r\nSome made for baby hands to guide,\r\nAnd some for older folk to ride.\r\n[21]\n\n\"Though built to keep intruders out,\r\nWith shutters thick and casings stout,\r\nI noticed twenty ways or more,\r\nBy roof, by window, wall and door,\r\nWhere we, by exercising skill,\r\nMay travel in and out at will.\"\n\nTo catch at pleasures as they go,\r\nAnd said, \"Why let another day\r\nCome creeping in to drag away?\r\nLet's active measures now employ\r\nTo seize at once the promised joy.\r\nOn bicycles quick let us ride,\r\nWhile yet our wants may be supplied.\"\n\nAnd double-bolt them\r\nleft and right,\r\nAnd think through patents, new and old,\r\n[22]To leave the burglars in the cold,\r\nThe cunning Brownies smile to see\r\nThe springing bolt and turning key;\r\nFor well they know if fancy leads\n\nBut we, who laugh at locks or law\r\nDesigned to keep mankind in awe,\r\nMay praise the keeper's cautious\r\nmind,\r\nBut all the same an entrance find.\"\n\nNow soon the work was under way,\r\nEach chose the part he was to play:\r\nWhile some who handled hoes the best\r\nBrought \"Early Roses\" from their nest,\r\nTo turnip-tops some laid their hands,\r\nMore plied the hook, or twisted bands.\r\nAnd soon the sheaves lay piled around,\r\nLike heroes on disputed ground.\r\nNow let the eye turn where it might,\r\nA pleasing prospect was in sight;\r\nFor garden ground or larger field\r\nAlike a busy crowd revealed:\r\nSome pulling carrots from their bed,\r\nSome bearing burdens on their head,\r\nOr working at a fever he", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.7568661570549011, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.5254945755004883, "generated_summary": "The first book in the series of books by author and illustrator David A. Reilly, which was published in 1897, is a collection of short stories about the life of the author and his family. It is based on the novel of the same name by the same author.", "reference_summary": "The author, Palmer Cox, was born in Canada in 1840. He wrote sixteen books about Brownies. The Brownies were very popular. Each book would have a set of poems about these little people. The Brownies had various adventures. Each poem reflects some aspect of life back a hundred years ago. The brownies go to a school, visit the circus, go ice skating and so on. These books were published in the late 1800s to early 1900s."}
{"id": "literary_132", "title": "Supermind", "text": "Chief\u2014\u201d he started.\r\nBurris frowned again. \u201cDon\u2019t call me Chief,\u201d he said.\r\nMalone nodded. \u201cOkay,\u201d he said. \u201cBut if you don\u2019t know what it is, you\n\na breadbox? Does it perform helpful tasks? Is it self-employed?\u201d\r\n\u201cMalone,\u201d Burris sighed, \u201cyou ought to be on television.\u201d\r\n\u201cBut\u2014\u201d\r\n\u201cLet me explain,\u201d Burris said. His voice was calmer now, and he spoke\n\ntruths. \u201cThe country,\u201d he said, \u201cis going to hell in a handbasket.\u201d\r\nMalone nodded again. \u201cWell, after all, Chief\u2014\u201d\r\n\u201cDon\u2019t call me Chief,\u201d Burris said wearily.\r\n\u201cAnything you say,\u201d Malone agreed peacefully. He eyed the Director of\n\nand finally it\u2014\u201d He paused. \u201cFinally it did, I guess,\u201d he said.\r\n\u201cExactly,\u201d Burris said. \u201cAnd so are we. Finally.\u201d He passed a hand\n\nBurris said, and the FBI agent whirled around again.\r\n\u201cYes, Ch\u2014Yes?\u201d he said.\r\n\u201cThis time,\u201d Burris said, \u201cit isn\u2019t the same old story at all. This\n\ninefficient. You find evidence of it. What do you do?\u201d\r\nMalone blinked and thought for a second. It didn\u2019t take any longer\n\nand talk some more, and my committee has a lot of meetings\u2014\u201d\r\n\u201cExactly,\u201d Burris said.\r\n\u201cAnd we talk a lot at the meetings,\u201d Malone went on, carried away,\n\nthe publicity we can possibly get\u2014\u201d\r\n\u201cYou stop,\u201d Burris said hurriedly.\r\n\u201cThat\u2019s right,\u201d Malone said. \u201cWe stop. And that\u2019s what I\u2019d do.\u201d\r\n\u201cOf course, the problem of inefficiency is left exactly where it\n\nalways was,\u201d Burris said. \u201cNothing\u2019s been done about it.\u201d\r\n\u201cNaturally,\u201d Malone said. \u201cBut think of all the lovely publicity. And\n\nall the nice talk. And the subpoenas and committees and everything.\u201d\r\n\u201cSure,\u201d Burris said wearily. \u201cIt\u2019s happened a thousand times. But,\n\nMalone, that\u2019s the difference. It isn\u2019t happening this time.\u201d\r\nThere was a short pause. \u201cWhat do you mean?\u201d Malone said at last.\r\n\u201cThis time,\u201d Burris said, in a tone that sounded almost awed, \u201cthey\n\nis, he amended hurriedly, if they didn\u2019t get too odd.\r\n\u201cOh, they had reasons, all right,\u201d Burris said. \u201cIt took a little\n\nother men are investigating inefficiency.\u201d\r\n\u201cOh,\u201d Malone said.", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.37660759687423706, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The story of the FBI agent Malone, a former FBI agent, and his wife, whose daughter is a breadbox, is told in a series of flashbacks.", "reference_summary": "Mark Phillips was the joint pseudonym used by sf writers Laurence Mark Janifer & Randall Philip Garrett in the early 1960s. Together they authored several humorous short novels in the so-called \"Psi-Power\" series: Brain Twister (1962), The Impossibles (1963) & Supermind (1963). The 1st story they wrote in this so-called \"Psi-Power\" series was \"That Sweet Little Old Lady,\" published in the 9-10/1959 edition of Analog Science Fiction & Science Fact. Subsequent stories including \"Out Like a Light\" (Analog, 4-6/1960) & \"Occasion for Disaster\" (Analog, 11-12/1960 1-2/1961). All of the stories were "}
{"id": "literary_133", "title": "The Water-Babies", "text": "Come read me my riddle, each good little man;\r\nIf you cannot read it, no grown up folk can.\r\nBabies dangling fishing net\n\nthe same ease the whole book was composed.\u00a0.\u00a0.\u00a0.\r\n\"A visit in 1858 to Mr. W. E. Forster in Wharfedale,\n\nHe looked up at the broad yellow moon .\u00a0.\u00a0. and thought that she looked at himFrontispiece\r\n\u00a0PAGE\r\nHe felt how comfortable it was to have nothing on him but himself68\r\n\"Oh, don't hurt me!\" cried Tom. \"I only want to look at you; you are so handsome\"98\r\nAnd Tom sat upon the buoy long days110\r\nHe felt the net very heavy; and lifted it out quickly, with Tom all entangled in the meshes124\r\nTom reached and clawed down the hole after him132\r\nMrs. Bedonebyasyoudid172\r\nMrs. Doasyouwouldbedoneby258\n\ndry them, he said:\r\n\"Why, master, I never saw you do that before.\"\r\n\"Nor will again, most likely. 'Twasn't for\n\nlooked him too full and fierce in the face for that.\r\n\"Yes; I was there,\" said the Irishwoman quietly.[13]\r\n\"You are no Irishwoman, by your speech,\" said\n\nrun for their lives at the very first sight of them.\r\nGrimes rang at the gate, and out came a keeper\n\nlast he took courage to ask the keeper what it was.\r\nHe spoke very civilly, and called him Sir, for he\n\nthe lime flowers.\r\n\"What are bees?\" asked Tom.\r\n\"What make honey.\"\r\n\"What is honey?\" asked Tom.\r\n\"Thou hold thy noise,\" said Grimes.\r\n\"Let the boy be,\" said the keeper. \"He's a civil\n\nif he bides with thee.\"\r\nGrimes laughed, for he took that for a compliment.\r\n\"I wish I were a keeper,\" said Tom, \"to live in\n\nClear and cool, clear and cool,\r\nBy laughing shallow, and dreaming pool;\r\nCool and clear, cool and clear,\r\nBy shining shingle, and foaming weir;\n\nAnd the ivied wall where the church-bell rings,\r\nUndefiled, for the undefiled;\r\nPlay by me, bathe in me, mother and child.\n\nDank and foul, dank and foul,\r\nBy the smoky town in its murky cowl;\r\nFoul and dank, foul and dank,\r\nBy wharf and sewer and slimy bank;\n\nBaser and baser the richer I grow;\r\nWho dare sport with the sin-defiled?\r\nShrink from me,", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.6201876401901245, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.5063556432723999, "generated_summary": "The first book in the series of books by the author, \"The Book of the Dead\" is a collection of short stories and poems by the writer. It is based on the novel of the same name by the same author.", "reference_summary": "The story follows Tom in his land-life as a climbing boy for a chimney-sweep and in his after-life as a water-baby, where he gains redemption from selfishness as well as from drudgery. On to his fantasy Kingsley grafts a series of digressions and comic asides, through which he comments on a range of contemporary issues."}
{"id": "literary_134", "title": "The Quickie", "text": "copter buzzed closer.\r\n\"Don't see any landing space,\" the pilot said laconically.\r\nSimon squinted down anxiously. The copters were lined up in neat\n\nbetween them.\r\n\"Hover,\" Simon pleaded. \"I'll jump.\"\r\n\"I could lose my license.\"\r\nSimon reached into his pocket and drew out a handful of bills. \"This is\n\nstopped looking. It was not considered proper etiquette.\r\nRounding a turn in the corridor, Simon took the slidestair down one\n\nsatisfactory? Of course, you don't have to talk about them.\"\r\n\"They were fine. Just fine.\" Naturally, Simon did not tell the\n\nCounselor about his flight from the police.\r\n\"How long will you be with us in New York?\"\r\n\"I figure about three weeks. It depends on business, though. Might be a\n\nlooking for?\"\r\n\"To tell you the truth, I haven't given it much thought yet.\"\r\n\"Splendid,\" the Counselor was delighted with the opportunity to expound\n\ncolorful folders from six stacks on his desk and handed them to Simon.\r\n\"The first,\" he went on, \"is the newlywed Quickie. The red folder, Mr.\n\nbeen married for no more than six months.\"\r\nSimon examined the folder. On the cover was pictured a young man\n\nYou'd be suited to any type, with the exception of the grandmother.\"\r\n\"I don't want the grandmother, anyway,\" Simon told him. \"You know, I\n\neager to discuss the theories of multiple marriage\u2014\"\r\n\"Most newlyweds are,\" the Counselor pointed out.\r\n\"Well, particularly so. And, of course, she must not be carrying a\n\ntorch for her honeymoon husband.\"\r\n\"That's rare these days, Mr. Grover.\"\r\n\"It happened to me once, in St. Louis. Had an awful time.\"\r\n\"Then she probably was a misfit. After all, the institution of multiple\n\nrelationships, though for the life of me I can't see why.\"\r\n\"They thought it was more secure,\" suggested Simon.\r\n\"But it isn't. In the old days, statistics proved that if a man or\n\npeople. It's rather horrible, isn't it, Mr. Grover?\"\r\n\"I suppose so,\" said Simon, half-listening. All he needed now was the\n\nyou travel, but you also have the comfort and secur", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.30564597249031067, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The bestselling novel of the same name by author Simon Grover, \"The Last Word\" is a story of love and friendship. It is based on the true story of a young man who was married to a woman for six months.", "reference_summary": "When Lauren Stillwell sees her husband with another woman, her perfect world is destroyed. His betrayal turns her into a woman lusting for revenge. It was supposed to be a way to even the score. But Lauren's one night stand takes a shocking turn, and she witnesses an unbelievable crime. She's left torn between uncovering the truth and her fear that the truth may be unbearable. But either choice could cost her everything -- even her life. From the man the Sunday Telegraph called 'the master of the suspense genre' comes his steamiest, scariest novel since the No. 1 bestseller Honeymoon. The Quic"}
{"id": "literary_135", "title": "Anne", "text": "\"Heaven lies about us in our infancy!\r\nShades of the prison-house begin to close\r\nUpon the growing boy;\r\nBut he beholds the light, and whence it flows,\r\nHe sees it in his joy.\r\nThe youth who daily farther from the East\r\nMust travel, still is Nature's priest,\r\nAnd by the vision splendid\r\nIs on his way attended;\r\nAt length the man perceives it die away,\r\nAnd fade into the light of common day.\"\n\nto any, he must stand or fall.\"\u2014Emerson.\r\n\"Does it look well, father?\"\r\n\"What, child?\"\r\n\"Does this look well?\"\r\nWilliam Douglas stopped playing for a moment, and turned his head toward\n\nwhich she had hung on the wall over one of the small arched windows.\r\n\"It is too compact, Anne, too heavy. There should be sprays falling from\n\nfor Ash-Wednesday, Anne; there is nothing joyous about it.\"\r\n\"I did not notice that it was ugly,\" said the girl, trying in her bent\n\ngirl now stood irresolutely looking at the condemned wreath.\r\nThe sun was setting, and poured a flood of clear yellow light through\n\nwe must go home; the children will be waiting.\"\r\nWilliam Douglas played a few more soft strains, and turned round. \"Well,\n\nwith critical gaze, \"so you have put Miss Lois's wreath up there?\"\r\n\"Yes; it is the only thing she had time to make, and she took so much\n\nstroke of genius to place it there, Anne.\"\r\n\"Was it?\" said the girl, her face flushing with pleasure. \"But I was\n\nthinking only of Miss Lois.\"\r\n\"I am afraid you were,\" said Douglas, with his shadowy smile.\r\nThe rough walls and beams of the chapel were decorated with fine\n\nthey not be the angels, singing over the parapet of heaven?\"\r\nAnne stood by her father's side, and listened. \"Yes,\" she said, \"I can\n\nevery mended pane in the windows. I am sorry I am so dull, father.\"\r\n\"Not dull, but unawakened.\"\r\n\"And when shall I waken?\" pursued the girl, accustomed to carrying on\n\nlong conversations with this dreaming father, whom she loved devotedly.\r\n\"God knows! May He be with you at your wakening!\"\r\n\"I would rather have you, father; that is, if ", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.4542999267578125, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The story of a young girl who is aspired to be a writer, and whose dream is to become a poet.", "reference_summary": "18th century England-Fourteen-year old Anne Falkman is an arrogant, desperate orphan trying to live any way she can on the streets of London. Through her desolate, lonely years, a hope was born within her, the hope that fate would bless her and give her lasting happiness. Growing up with an abusive, alcoholic father, Anne has nurtured a fear of men. She also fears marrying and giving birth, which was the death of her mother and caused her father to go mad and violently hate his daughter. When a series of events gives Anne a chance for happiness, she takes it and achieves her dreams, but at wha"}
{"id": "literary_136", "title": "The Room with the Tassels (Pennington Wise, #1)", "text": "beyond, that would satisfy me.\u201d\r\n\u201cGet messages how?\u201d asked Braye.\r\n\u201cOh, by a Ouija board, or some such way.\u201d\r\n\u201cOuija!\u201d derided Landon; \u201cthat\u2019s the biggest\n\nevery year!\u201d\r\n\u201cAren\u2019t you going to school any more at all?\u201d\r\n\u201cDunno yet. Uncle Gifford says I am, I say\n\nthis week I haven\u2019t seen him for years.\u201d\r\n\u201cHe isn\u2019t your cousin, Vernie.\u201d\r\n\u201cSame as. He\u2019s a son of Uncle Gif\u2019s half-brother,\n\nclothed in a body,\u2014that is an apparent body.\u201d\r\n\u201cAnd raiment?\u201d asked the old Professor.\r\n\u201cYes, certainly. I never heard of a nude\n\nthem a jolt, they need it,\u2014talking such rubbish!\u201d\r\n\u201cRubbish, Bruce? What do you mean by rubbish?\u201d\r\n\u201cWhy, all this ghost gabble\u2014\u2014\u201d\r\n\u201cHow do you know it\u2019s rubbish? Have you\n\nfriend, but it\u2019s a case of first catch your house!\u201d\r\n\u201cIt\u2019s got to be a nice house, and fairly comfortable,\u201d\n\nI expect to get all the profundity I want.\u201d\r\n[038]\r\n\u201cAnd I\u2019m the girl to put the fun in profundity,\u201d\n\nsickly light.\r\nHester paused midway of the main corridor.\r\n\u201cWhat rooms you want?\u201d she asked, uninterestedly.\r\n\u201cGive me a cheerful one,\u201d wailed Milly. \u201cOh,\n\nrang out like a clarion. \u201cI see it! I see it all!\u201d\r\n[052]\r\nShe rushed across the hall and fell trembling on a\n\n\u201cYou see that\u2019s the room\u2014\u2014\u201d\r\nA cry from Milly stirred Landon to action.\r\n\u201cDrop it, Stebbins,\u201d he said, and took a step\n\na shriek that rang through the silent house.\r\n[056]\r\nCHAPTER IV\r\nThe Story of the House\r\nFrom their nearby rooms Eve and Norma\n\nher, \u201cYou little minx, I believe you did do it!\u201d\r\n[059]\r\n\u201cDon\u2019t you look at me like that, Eve Carnforth!\n\nknows was to be had for the pickin\u2019, up here.\u201d\r\n\u201cGet along to the story, Steb,\u201d urged Landon.\r\n\u201cYes, sir. Well, the Montgomery that built this\n\nin his narrative.\r\n\u201cGo on,\u201d said Landon, less brusquely than before.\r\n[064]\r\nMilly stirred nervously. \u201cDon\u2019t let him tell the\n\ndied than slep\u2019 in that room again!\u201d\r\n\u201cSee a ghost?\u201d asked Bruce, flippantly.\r\n\u201cYes, sir,\u201d and Stebbins looked straight at him.\n\nto, the thing was gone.\u201d\r\n\u201cEver see her again?\u201d inquired Mr. Bruce, conversatio", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.3816114664077759, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The story of a young woman who is a snobby, sexy, and a little bit smitten with the world.", "reference_summary": "A group of bored rich New Yorkers obsessed with the supernatural decide to spend a month in Black Aspens, a supposedly haunted mansion deep in Vermont's Green Mountains. A bizarre murder is rumored to have occurred there in an infamous room with tassels. Jokes about Ouija boards and seances abruptly halt when two members of the party are mysteriously struck down at afternoon tea. Were their deaths the result of supernatural forces? Or did they meet their demise due to a more human hand?\nThe Room with the Tasselsmarks the debut of occult detective Pennington 'Penny' Wise and his female sidekick"}
{"id": "literary_137", "title": "Adam Smith", "text": "he did what he could to unsettle the cobweb sciences.\r\nOf Smith as a logician, John Millar, a member of\n\nCandide ou L\u2019Optimisme. I shall give you a detail of it.\u201d\r\nAt last the badinage comes to an end with a warning\n\npartake of its qualities, and be painful when that is so....\r\n\u201cIt is always thought a difficult problem to account for the\n\nhas been erroneously described as a reprint of the first.[12]\r\n62\r\nAs a matter of fact, the corrections and alterations\n\nnor stock, you would do a piece of very great injustice.\u201d\r\nThe only advantage to taxpayers of taxes on commodities\n\nwhich had just paid a handsome tribute to the Theory.\r\nIn the notes of lectures, given as we have seen\n\nthe Policy of Europe,\u201d and in a later criticism of universities.\r\nDuring his stay in London Smith was in close\n\n\u201cIf I have thoughts and can\u2019t express \u2019em,\r\nGibbon shall teach me how to dress \u2019em\r\nIn form select and terse;\r\nJones teach me modesty and Greek,\r\nSmith how to think, Burke how to speak,\r\nAnd Beauclerk to converse.\u201d\n\nnothing but a hulk of bad and unclean humours.\u201d\r\n164\r\nAt last, on the 9th of March, An Inquiry into the\n\nof a parish than an arm of the sea or a ridge of high mountains.\r\nThere is no city in Europe in which house rent is dearer\n\nproportion to their respective abilities.\r\n2. A tax should be certain, and not arbitrary.\r\n3. A tax should be levied at the time and in the\n\napt to destroy the perspective and warp the judgment.\r\nA man who snares facts is of all men the most likely\n\nhas called \u201cthe pure milk of the Cobdenic word.\u201d\r\nThe Act of Navigation is the first of \u201cthe two cases\n\nthe price of a part of it, whatever else they have occasion for.\r\n\u201cWhat is prudence in the conduct of every private family,\n\nfrankness, he was rather pleased and flattered with it.\u201d\r\nAt the end of the first week of August, Hume had\n\nsurely be high time for me then to be in my majority!\u201d\r\nBefore the end of May a dark cloud came over\n\nA\r\nAlembert, 132, 139.\r\nAmerican colonies, 163, 176-9.\r\nAristotle, 6, 24", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.5120055675506592, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.5003370046615601, "generated_summary": "The first book in the series of books by the author, a collection of essays on the history of the United Kingdom.", "reference_summary": "In simple language, D.D. Raphael presents the systematic character of Smith's theory, its emphasis on and expanation of econmic growth, its advocacy of free trade, and its underlying philosophy of 'natural liberty'."}
{"id": "literary_138", "title": "The Red and the Black", "text": "the time of the Emperor. So\u2014but what does it matter?\u201d\r\nHenri Beyle was born in 1783 in Grenoble in Dauphiny, the son of a\n\nto study privately in his solitary rooms.\r\nIn 1800 the influence of his relative M. Daru procured him a commission\n\nand more precious manuscripts of the \u201chuman document.\u201d\r\nWith the exception of a stay in Marseilles, with his first mistress\n\nafter life if they miss so signal an opportunity.\r\nDisgusted by the Restoration, Stendhal migrated in 1814 to Milan, his\n\nspite of some arrogance, is yet both honest and scientific.\r\nAnd the life of this scoundrel, this ingrate, this assassin, certainly\n\nlife in the lonely circlings of a predatory hawk.\r\nJulien\u2019s enemies will no doubt taunt him with his introspection, while\n\nonce the difference between health and decadence, virility and hysteria.\r\nOne of the most essential features of the book, however, is the swing\n\nnarrates the most specific episodes in the chastest style imaginable.\r\nThough too the sinister figure of the carpenter\u2019s son looms large\n\nactualities swung from the lived life on the written page.\r\nThe style of Stendhal is noticeable from its simplicity, clear and\n\nfifty-nine in the full swing of all his mental and physical activities.\r\nHis later works included, La Chartreuse de Parme, Lucien, Leuwen\n\nSpaniards, and are now in ruins.\r\nVerri\u00e8res is sheltered on the north by a high mountain which is one of\n\nwill see a big man with a busy and important air.\r\nWhen he comes in sight all hats are quickly taken off. His hair is\n\nown debts at the latest possible moment.\r\nSuch is M. de R\u00eanal, the mayor of Verri\u00e8res. After having crossed the\n\npetty money-grubbing by which he is beginning to be suffocated.\r\nHe is told that this house belongs to M. de R\u00eanal. It is to the\n\nterrace in M. de R\u00eanal\u2019s gardens.\r\nProud man that he was, the mayor had none the less to negotiate with\n\nneighbour to the tune of six thousand francs.\r\nIt is true that this arrangement was criticised by the wiseacres of the\n\nobtained the ex", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.34638696908950806, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The book is a collection of short stories, poems and essays by the author.", "reference_summary": "A Major New Translation\nThe Red and the Black, Stendhal's masterpiece, is the story of Julien Sorel, a young dreamer from the provinces, fueled by Napoleonic ideals, whose desire to make his fortune sets in motion events both mesmerizing and tragic. Sorel's quest to find himself, and the doomed love he encounters along the way, are delineated with an unprecedented psychological depth and realism. At the same time, Stendhal weaves together the social life and fraught political intrigues of post-Napoleonic France, bringing that world to unforgettable, full-color life. His portrait of Julien and "}
{"id": "literary_139", "title": "Inevitable", "text": "quarters of Rome. One half of the house had formed part of a villino of the old Ludovisi Gardens, those beautiful old\n\nsensation,\u201d as she called it, and felt glad to be in Rome.\r\nShe saw a little old man limping towards her with the instinct of a\n\nbetween the second and the third floor.\r\n\u201cThird floor!\u201d cried the marchesa to some one below.\r\n\u201cNon c\u2019e acqua!\u201d the boy in\n\nseemed natural\u2014there was not enough water to move the lift.\r\nThe marchesa screamed out some orders in a shrill voice; two\n\nthe door of another room:\r\n\u201cAnd this one, signora?... How do you like this?\u201d\r\n\u201cIs it south?\u201d\r\n\u201cAlmost\u201d\r\n\u201cI want it full south.\u201d\r\n\u201cThis looks west: you see the most splendid sunsets from your\n\nyou get the most picturesque sunrises there.\u201d\r\n\u201cNo, marchesa.\u201d\r\n\u201cDon\u2019t you appreciate the beauties of nature?\u201d\r\n\u201cJust a little, but I put my health first.\u201d\r\n\u201cI sleep in a north room myself.\u201d\r\n\u201cYou are an Italian, marchesa, and you\u2019re used to\n\nsaid the marchesa, plaintively.\r\n\u201cI shall be glad to have these, marchesa.\u201d\r\n\u201cSixteen lire,\u201d smiled la Belloni.\r\n\u201cTen, as you wrote.\u201d\r\n\u201cI could put two persons in here.\u201d\r\n\u201cI shall stay all the winter, if I am satisfied.\u201d\r\n\u201cYou must have your way!\u201d the marchesa exclaimed,\n\nson. Would you like to sit next to them at table?\u201d\r\n\u201cNo, I\u2019d rather you put me somewhere else; I don\u2019t\n\nbell rang; and, after powdering her face, she went downstairs.\r\nShe expected to be late, but there was no one in the dining-room and\n\nlady, and disappeared again.\r\nCorn\u00e9lie looked around her and waited.\r\nThe dining-room was the original dining-room of the old villa, with\n\nCorn\u00e9lie. [8]\r\nHe bowed politely and began to eat his macaroni.\r\nAnd this seemed to be the signal for the others to begin eating, for\n\nlittle way across the table and almost whispered, in French:\r\n\u201cIt\u2019s amusing, isn\u2019t it?\u201d\r\nCorn\u00e9lie raised her eyebrows:\r\n\u201cWhat do you mean?\u201d\r\n\u201cA cosmopolitan company like this.\u201d\r\n\u201cOh, yes!\u201d\r\n\u201cYou are Dutch?\u201d\r\n\u201cHow do you know?\u201d\r\n\u201cI saw your name in the visitors\u2019 book, with\n\nincluded in", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.4218639135360718, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The story of a young woman who is a snobby, sexy, and a little girl who is in love with the man she loves.", "reference_summary": "Visions of death plague Jayne, who thinks watching her boyfriend die is the worst that could happen to her. But when she witnesses a murder, Jayne finds herself caught up in a dangerous world of intrigue and suspense.\nAs it turns out, she is not the only one doing the stalking. The killer is on to her, and all of her visions of the dying don't reveal how her life will end. Somehow, she must stop the murderer before he arranges Jayne's own inevitable death."}
{"id": "literary_140", "title": "Alexander Hamilton: the Outsider", "text": "powers of the Union, this result was largely due.\r\nIf C\u00e6sar, fighting the battles of Rome on[Pg 4] the frontier of Germany,\n\nspoke more strongly to his sense of right and his well-ordered mind.\r\nThe great services of Hamilton were nearly all performed before he was\n\na private tutor, to pursue his studies in the manner which he wished.\r\nThe decision of Hamilton to take the side of the colonies in the\n\nimmediate neighborhood, the name still lingering in College Place.\r\nHamilton was soon at the forefront of the [Pg 10]fight for civil liberty,\n\nFrench, to whom the other redoubt had been assigned.\r\nWhile the war was still in progress Hamilton was looking ahead with\n\nin July, to receive a report from a committee of Congress.\r\nCongress in May, 1782, had taken into consideration the desperate\n\nlegislature as one of the members of Congress from New York.[Pg 18]\r\nThe impress of the organizing mind and far-sighted purposes of\n\ngiven to the project by the Federal Congress.\r\nHamilton, although one of the three delegates from New York to the\n\nshould not be exclusively republican. He said on June 26, 1787:\u2014\r\n\"I acknowledge I do not think favorably of republican government; but\n\ngovernment and have a negative on all state legislation.\r\nHamilton had no expectation that his plan would be adopted. What he\n\nexisting Constitution were parts of the plan of Hamilton.[Pg 31]\r\nIt was not the open preference which Hamilton expressed for the\n\nWashington sought also to secure unanimity, and Hamilton declared:\u2014\r\n\"I am anxious that every member should sign. A few by refusing may do\n\nexpected from the plan on the other?\"\r\nSuch words had some weight, but not[Pg 36] enough to secure unanimity. All\n\ndocument which was to found the government of the United States.\r\nHamilton returned to New York determined to use his utmost powers to\n\narguments afterwards printed under the title of \"The Federalist.\"\r\nTaking up point by point the provisions of the new Constitution,\n\nworld, and for meeting all the other", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.38514456152915955, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The first book in the series of books by American author and journalist William H. Macy, this is a collection of his most popular works.", "reference_summary": "Acclaimed biographer Jean Fritz writes the remarkable story of Alexander Hamilton, one of America's most influential and fascinating founding fathers, and his untimely death in a duel with Aaron Burr.\nBorn in the British West Indies, Hamilton arrived in New York as an \"outsider.\" He fought in the Revolution and became Washington's most valuable aidede- camp. He was there with Washington, Madison, and the others writing the Constitution. He was the first Secretary of the Treasury as the country struggled to become unified and independent.\nFritz's talent for bringing historical figures to life i"}
{"id": "literary_141", "title": "Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners", "text": "The Substance of some Discourse had between the Clerk of\r\nthe Peace and myself; when he came to admonish me,\r\naccording to the tenor of that Law, by which I was in\r\nprison.\n\nHere followeth a discourse between my Wife and the\r\nJudges, with others, touching my Deliverance at the\r\nAssizes following; the which I took from her own\r\nMouth.\n\nSome Carriages of the Adversaries of God\u2019s Truth with\r\nme at the next Assizes, which was on the 19th\r\nof the first month, 1662.\n\np.\r\n243POSTSCRIPT\r\nIn this his pilgrimage, God blessed\r\nhim with four children, one of which, named Mary, was\r\nblind, and died some years before; his other children were\r\nThomas, Joseph, and Sarah; his wife\r\nElizabeth having lived to see him overcome his labour and\r\nsorrow, and pass from this life to receive the reward of his\r\nwork, long survived him not; but in 1692 she died, to follow her\r\nfaithful pilgrim from this world to the other, whither he was\r\ngone before her; whilst his works, which consist of sixty books,\r\nremain for the edifying of the reader, and praise of the\r\nauthor.\r\nVale.", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.9396665096282959, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.5490214228630066, "generated_summary": "The earliest known work of the aristocrats, the first to be published in the United States, is a collection of works by the author, including the \"Anthony\" and \"Theodore\" (the \"Apocalypse\"), which are a part of the \"Secret of the Universe\" series.", "reference_summary": "This book presents the ageless spiritual journey of one man into true Christian faith. John Bunyan relates his personal experiences of the crises that brought him to the end of himself and to the merciful God. From his conversion and through many trials and temptations, Bunyan reveals how the grace of God was extended to him."}
{"id": "literary_142", "title": "April Fools (April, #2)", "text": "male, three female characters. Time, two hours.\r\nA SCRAP OF PAPER. A comic drama in three acts. Six male, six\n\nfemale characters. Time, one hour and a quarter.\r\nNOT SO BAD AFTER ALL. A comedy in three acts. Six male, five\n\nmale, five female characters. Time, two hours and a quarter.\r\nLONDON ASSURANCE. A comedy in five acts. Ten male, three female\n\nMr. Peter Dunnbrowne A gentleman with several marriageable daughters.\r\nMr. James Smith Who wants to buy a horse.\r\nMr. Joseph Smith An undertaker.\n\nall been made the victims of an April joke.\r\nCOSTUMES.\r\nDunnbrowne.\u2014Everyday suit.\r\nJames Smith.\u2014Very loud \"horsey\" dress. Carries hat and cane.\r\nJoseph Smith.\u2014Shabby black suit, old black silk hat, black gloves,\n\nr. and l. of table. Newspaper and letters on the table.\r\nDunnbrowne. (without) Well, good morning, my dears, (shows himself in\n\nhastily puts the newspaper down\u2014rises and shakes hands)\r\nSmith. Good morning, Mr. Dunnbrowne, how do you do, sir; how do you\n\nit? Very fine morning indeed.\r\nDunn. (aside) He doesn't seem at all bashful.\r\nSmith. I beg your pardon? Ah, I thought you were speaking. You are\n\nwell, I suppose?\r\nDunn. Ye\u2014yes, I am quite well, thank you, Mr. Smith, how are you?\r\nSmith. I'm very well, sir, very well indeed; in fact I am never\n\nis always full of them\u2014servants usually are.\r\nDunn. (aside) Groom! he keeps a horse, then. He must be pretty well to\n\ndo. (aloud) Take a seat, sir. (they both sit, Dunn., l., Smith, r.)\r\nSmith. Thanks. So you are desirous of disposing of Fanny, Mr.\n\nof putting it, but I scarcely like to\u2014\u2014(pause)\r\nSmith. Oh, I quite understand your feelings, sir. You have grown quite\n\nnow, what are her good points? Is she good at jumping walls or fences?\r\nDunn. (aside) Walls! Fences!\r\nSmith. Can she clear a five-barred gate nicely?\r\nDunn. (smiling) Well, er\u2014I really could not answer that question.\n\nJumping is an accomplishment that I\u2014\u2014(pause)\r\n[Pg 8]\r\nSmith. Perhaps you never tried her at that sort of thing. You ought to,\n\nsir, it's fine sport. Th", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.8829916715621948, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.5331021547317505, "generated_summary": "The story of a young man who is a snobby, sexy, and a little bit spoiled by his parents. He is unable to find a job, and his mother is unsure of what to do.", "reference_summary": "Love. Hate. Fear. Fate.\nAll four letter words.\nAll consuming.\nNaked to the eye, they have the power to control the heart and destroy the soul.\nApril Adams is about to experience them like never before.\nWhen everything in April's life goes up in smoke, she is faced with some life changing decisions.\nJoin April as she continues her journey of love and loss."}
{"id": "literary_143", "title": "Forest Friends", "text": "IMrs. Elephant's Moonlight Dance\r\nII Old Lady Wildcat's Feast\r\nIII Mrs. Frog Changes Her Dress\r\nIV Mr. Mocking-Bird and His Prize Song\r\nV Mr. Raccoon's Oyster Supper\r\nVI Mrs. Goose and Her Swamp Cousins\r\nVII Mrs. Fox Steals One Egg Too Many\r\nVIII Why Mrs. Frog Must Live in the Swamps\r\nIX The Scare-Man Tree\r\nX Mrs. Fox and the Eider-Duck Eggs\r\nXI Sunny Gourd and Lady Trumpet-Vine\r\nXII The End of the Timber Wolf\r\nXIII The Travels of Prince Flamingo\r\nXIV Prince Flamingo's Triumphant Return\r\nXV Mother Fox's Hospital\r\nXVI Why Mrs. Crow Is Black\r\nXVII Mrs. Muskrat's Poor Relations\r\nXVIII Mr. Wild Goose and Mrs. Grebe\r\nXIX Baby Fox and Mrs. Bear\r\nXX Christmas Eve\r\nXXI Mother Rabbit's Advice to Her Babies\r\nXXII The Mice and Baby Stork\r\nXXIII Mrs. Bob-White and the Hunting Dog\r\nXXIV Mrs. Polar Bear's Adventure\n\n\"At her special request, Mr. Frog played for her, not too fast, on his elegant flute\"\r\n\"'Listen, listen, listen,' said the mocking-bird\"\r\n\"While the gay old foxes were in the next room, Mrs. Rabbit slipped out\"\r\n\"Off through the big woods the little foxes trotted gaily behind their mother\"\r\n\"His mother was in a great state of delight over him, of course, and his stately father eyed him with approval\"\r\n\"The birds met in a great meeting. Something had to be done\"\r\n\"Fireflame gasped out his news in one breath\"\r\n\"They grabbed the baby stork and dragged him down to the edge of the roof\"\n\nforthwith, as a committee on refreshments.\"\r\nMr. Tapir went on at great length, for all the animals loved to hear\n\nbeautiful words struck the animals as the finest they had ever heard.\r\n\"What oratory! Such a flow of London speech!\" they whispered. And\n\nsomething in my motion which is utterly lacking to the rest of you.\"\r\nNow, Mrs. Elephant kept quiet. She knew what they thought of her. She\n\n\"that ungainly old cow of an elephant.\" She knew their ways and spite.\r\n\"But I shall get that prize,\" she grunted, as she trudged to her\n\ninto the hands of her sister-in-law, who was young and willing.\r", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.9102426767349243, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.5414029955863953, "generated_summary": "The saga of the foxes, the wolves, and the wolfpack is a story of two wolves and their adventures. The wolves are a group of wolves that have been relegated to the dungeons of the forest. They are able to survive in the wilderness, but they are not able for long. Their only hope is to find a way to escape from the swarms of wolfhounds.", "reference_summary": "Toddlers love Barney, and with 32 pages of forest animals to color, plus a page of full-color stickers, this is sure to be a favorite!\nBarney and friends meet deer, squirrels, birds, and other friendly forest animals, in this coloring book with 32 coloring and activity pages. A page of full-color stickers adds to the fun."}
{"id": "literary_144", "title": "The Poems", "text": "A lonely figure, ghostly in the dim\r\nAnd darkening twilight, lingers in the shade\r\nOf bending willows: \"Surely God has laid\r\nHis curse on me,\" he moans, \"my strength of limb\r\nAnd old heart-courage fail me, and I flee\r\nBowed with fell terror at this augury.\"\n\nThe soul is satisfied. The spirit trained\r\nFor the divine, because the beautiful,\r\nNow with the body gone, free and unstained,\r\nDoubts swept away like clouds of scattering wool\r\nBefore a blast,\u2014e'er Heaven's pure paths are trod\r\nIs perfected to understand its God.\n\nNay, there would be one word, one only thought,\r\n\"The man is blind!\" and throbs of pitying scorn\r\nWould rouse the heart, and stir the wondering mind.\r\nWe feel, and see, and therefore know,\u2014the morn\r\nWith blush of youth ne'er left us till it brought\r\nPromise of full-grown day. \"The man is blind!\"\n\nTHE light has left the hill-side. Yesterday\r\nThese skies shewed blue against the dusky trees,\r\nThe leaves' soft murmur in the evening breeze\r\nWas music, and the waves danced in the bay.\r\nThen was my heart, as ever, far away\r\nWith you,\u2014and I could see you as one sees\r\nA mirrored face,\u2014and happiness and ease\r\nAnd hope were mine, in spite of long delay.\n\nAfter these months of waiting, this is all!\r\nHope, dead, lies coffined, shrouded in despair,\r\nWith all the blessings of the outer air\r\nForgot, 'neath the black covering of a pall.\r\nOnly the darkening of the woodland ways,\r\nA heart's low moaning over wasted days.\n\nTHE world to-day is radiant, as I ne'er\r\nCould picture it in wildest dreaming, when\r\nFor long, long hours I lay in flowery glen\r\nOr wooded copse, and tried in vain to tear\r\nThe glamour from my eyes, and face the glare\r\nAnd tumult of the busy world of men.\r\nI staked my all, and won! and ne'er again\r\nCan my blest spirit know a heart's despair.\n\nAnd yet\u2014and yet\u2014why should it be that now,\r\nWhen all my heart has longed for is at last\r\nWithin my grasp, and I should be at rest,\r\nA ghostly Something rising in the glow\r\nOf Love's own fire, an uninvited guest,\r\nT", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.6408754587173462, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.5128145217895508, "generated_summary": "The first book in the series of books by author and illustrator David A. Reilly, which was published in 1897, is a collection of short stories and poems by A. A. Reilly. It is the first book to be published in the United States, and the second to be released in Canada.", "reference_summary": "Continuing the \"Fear In Words\" trilogy, The Poems were actually written before The Stories. While not nearly as gruesome as their predecessors, each work seeks to dig into the mind, heart and soul of the reader."}
{"id": "literary_145", "title": "Fables for Children, Stories for Children, Natural Science Stories, Popular Education, Decembrists, Moral Tales", "text": "\u2698 MORAL TALES \u2698 \u2698 \u2698\r\nBy COUNT LEV N. T\u0301OLST\u00d3Y\r\nTranslated from the Original Russian and Edited by\r\nLEO WIENER\r\nAssistant Professor of Slavic Languages at Harvard University\n\nStories From Physics:\r\n[Pg vi]The Magnet \u00a0137\r\nMoisture \u00a0140\r\nThe Different Connection of Particles \u00a0142\r\nCrystals \u00a0143\r\nInjurious Air \u00a0146\r\nHow Balloons Are Made \u00a0150\r\nGalvanism \u00a0152\r\nThe Sun's Heat \u00a0156\n\nStories From Zoology:\r\nThe Owl and the Hare \u00a0159\r\nHow the Wolves Teach Their Whelps \u00a0160\r\nHares and Wolves \u00a0161\r\nThe Scent \u00a0162\r\nTouch and Sight \u00a0164\r\nThe Silkworm \u00a0165\n\nThe Decembrists \u00a0181\r\nOn Popular Education \u00a0251\r\nWhat Men Live By \u00a0327\r\nThe Three Hermits \u00a0363\r\nNeglect the Fire \u00a0375\r\nThe Candle \u00a0395\r\nThe Two Old Men \u00a0409\r\nWhere Love Is, There God Is Also \u00a0445\n\nThe Fiend Persists, but God Resists \u00a0463\r\nLittle Girls Wiser than Old People \u00a0466\r\nThe Two Brothers and the Gold \u00a0469\r\nIly\u00e1s \u00a0472\n\n\"The clerk beat S\u00eddor's face until the blood came\" (The Candle, see page 397)       \u00a0Frontispiece\r\n\"'Whose knife is this?'\" \u00a073\r\n\"'God will forgive you'\" \u00a081\r\n\"They rode off to the mountains\" \u00a096\r\n\"'Whither are you bound?'\" \u00a0332\r\n\"But the candle was still burning\" \u00a0403", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.966752290725708, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.5638964176177979, "generated_summary": "The earliest known work of the aristocrats, and the first to be published in the United States, is a collection of works by the acclaimed author, William Shakespeare.", "reference_summary": "This book was converted from its physical edition to the digital format by a community of volunteers. You may find it for free on the web. Purchase of the Kindle edition includes wireless delivery."}
{"id": "literary_146", "title": "Life of the Party", "text": "Author of Back Home, Old Judge Priest, etc., etc. Illustrated By James M. Preston New York George H. Doran Company\n\nthat you're jest a plain bedaddled ijiet?\"\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Frontispiece\r\n\"That's nice,\" spake the fearsome stranger. \"Now stay jest the way you are and don't make no\n\npeep or I'll have to plug you wit' this here gat\"\r\nMr. Leary's gait became a desperate gallop, and as he galloped he shouted: \"Wait, please, here I\n\nof a military charity in which Mrs. Carroway was active.\r\nIt was somehow felt that this fostered a worthy spirit of wartime\n\nand repeated. Always those to whom she spoke came right out and agreed with her.\r\nNow it was getting along toward three-thirty o'clock of the morning\n\nmuch was surplusage. Such was the opinion of the tenants one flight down.\r\nSo the party was practically over. Mr. Algernon[Pg 14] Leary, of the firm of\n\nmade the most of it, as the other saying goes.\r\nMoreover, Mr. Leary had been the recipient of unlimited praise upon the\n\nwhut the hall man send word, suh.\"\r\nBlanche had brought his overcoat along and held it up for him, imparting\n\n\"You surely were the life of the party!\"\r\nII\r\nIt was fine to have been the life of the party. It was not quite so fine\n\nlight snow\u2014the first of the season\u2014sifting down in large damp flakes.\r\nTwice and thrice he repeated the address, speaking each time sharply and\n\nof clutches and an abrupt jerk the taxi started north.\r\nWobbling though he was upon his perch the driver mechanically steered a\n\nof long departed Knickerbocker families.\r\nThe street in which he stood, for a wonder in this part of town, ran a\n\nglance about him, and then he turned on the culprit cabman with rage in his heart.\r\n\"See here, you!\" he snapped crossly, jerking the other by the shoulder.\n\ncareening slant of the sleeper's form.\r\nWell, there was nothing else to do but walk. He must make his way afoot\n\nstreamers floating jauntily down between his shoulders at the back.\r\nFor reasons which in view of this sartorial description should be\n", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.8452960252761841, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.5311095118522644, "generated_summary": "The first book in the series of novels by American author and journalist Roberta Leary, this is a collection of short stories that are based on the novel.", "reference_summary": "Contemporary Humorous Romance\nTags: Contemporary romance, small town romance, romantic humor\nEllie Marx celebrates anything and everything. Zach Resnick wants peace and quiet. With both stuck in the same house, it's a collision course that just might lead to love."}
{"id": "literary_147", "title": "The Gigolo (Piedmont Passion, #1)", "text": "PAGE\r\nThe Afternoon of a Faun1\r\nOld Man Minick34\r\nGigolo69\r\nNot a Day Over Twenty-One106\r\nHome Girl150\r\nAin't Nature Wonderful!188\r\nThe Sudden Sixties222\r\nIf I Should Ever Travel!259\n\ntones from beneath a car: \"Whatcha want?\"\r\n\"Dame on the wire.\"\r\n\"I ain't in.\"\r\nThe obliging voice again, dutifully repeating the message: \"He ain't\n\nPark\u2014wait a min't'\u2014yeh\u2014Hyde Park 6079, and any time after six at\u2014\u2014\"\r\n\"Wha'd she want?\"\r\n\"Well, how the hell should I know! Says call Miss Bauers any time\n\nbetween one and six at Hyde Park 6\u2014\u2014\"[Pg 3]\r\n\"Swell chanst. Swell chanst!\"\r\nWhich explains why the calls came oftenest for Nick. He was so\n\ngive me a ring. I bet you was there all the time.\"\r\n\"Well, maybe I was.\"\r\nBewildered, she tried to retaliate with the boomerang of vituperation.\r\nHow could she know? How could she know that this slim, slick young\n\nevasive, like quicksilver, though they did not put it thus.\r\nMiss Bauers, goaded to revolt, would say pettishly: \"You're like a\n\nyou do to him? Plenty. I ain't looking to be squashed.\"\r\nMiss Ahearn, whose public position (the Hygienic Barber Shop. Gent's\n\nyou with me, let alone what else all is wrong with you.\"\r\nIn answer Nick would put one hand\u2014one broad, brown, steel-strong hand\n\nlittle shiver would run with icy-hot feet all over Miss Ahearn.\r\nNick was like that.\r\nNick's real name wasn't Nick at all\u2014or scarcely at all. His last name\n\nsearch of a slim, graceful, hurrying figure that never came.\r\nIt is difficult to convey in words the charm that Nick possessed. Seeing\n\nand the lint ladies he designated as \"thread pickers.\"\r\nNo; it can't be classified, this powerful draw he had for them. His\n\n$40 a week. Miss Ahearn's silk stockings cost $4.50.\r\nHis unconcern should have infuriated them, but it served to pique. He\n\nwheel was nothing short of wizardry.\r\nHe played the harmonica.\r\nEach Thursday afternoon was Nick's half day off. From twelve until\n\nand flirting in the breeze as he broke the speed regulations.\r\nOn this Thursday afternoon in July ", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.7200168371200562, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.511400043964386, "generated_summary": "The story of a young man who is a slick young evasive, and a little bit aloof.", "reference_summary": "Normally prim and proper Edythe Baudin inaugurates her introductory erotic romance series Piedmont Passions-set in the foothills of the Blue Ridge Mountains in Northern Virginia, home to vineyards and horse farms-with her very first book The Gigolo. Randy Long is the male prostitute of the title, willing to provide his sexual amenities to men and women alike-for a suitable fee of course.\nRandy's smile is critical to his image and appeal so we naturally first encounter him at the dentist. Dr. Alison is the disgruntled trophy wife of Dr. David Greenbrae and an eager candidate for Randy's seducti"}
{"id": "literary_148", "title": "White Fire", "text": "teeth tight and had said:\r\n\u201cIt is my duty and I will.\u201d\r\nFor a half hour he had permitted his mind to\n\nhis invitation to the unseen source of magic fire.\r\n\u201cGuess the spell\u2019s broken,\u201d he mumbled.\r\n[16]\r\nHe waited a few minutes longer, then, switching\n\nin the plant, his father\u2019s old-time friend.\r\n\u201cWhat\u2019s he want, sonny?\u201d Johnny smiled.\r\n\u201cDon\u2019t know; jes\u2019 wants to see you at the\n\nweapon, its owner cannot tell how it was made.\u201d\r\n\u201cThen what good will\u2014\u201d\r\nMr. McFarland again held up his hand for\n\nthis afternoon as I instructed?\u201d\r\n\u201cYes.\u201d\r\n\u201cGood. Then you will be all right for tonight.\u201d\r\n\u201cEasy,\u201d answered Johnny slangily.\r\n\u201cNow, here,\u201d they had paused in the center\n\none you are guarding is but one of them.\u201d\r\n\u201cBut\u2014\u201d Johnny began, then hesitated.\r\n\u201cBut what? Come on; let\u2019s hear what\u2019s on\n\nbar in the right-hand pocket of his blouse.\r\n* * * * * * * *\r\n\u201cYou say someone drove the traveling crane\n\nto thump loudly, his breath to come quickly.\r\nDared he do it?\r\nHe put his hand to an electric switch by the\n\nmy old pal, Panther Eye?\u201d\r\n\u201cThe same,\u201d smiled the other.\r\n\u201cBut what are you doing here?\u201d\r\n\u201cBeen working here for a month. Got a way\n\n\u201cNot that at all, sir. I want to finish it to sell.\u201d\r\n[88]\r\n\u201cSell it?\u201d His employer stared.\r\n\u201cYes, sir! I have a debt.\u201d\r\n\u201cA debt?\u201d The manager\u2019s eyes registered\n\nall right?\u201d\r\n\u201cYes, sir.\u201d Johnny looked him in the eye.\r\n\u201cAll right. Be back in my office here at this\n\nover the engine, had been the slim stranger.\r\n\u201cHey, there! What\u2019s up?\u201d Johnny had demanded.\r\n[94]\r\n\u201cTunin\u2019 her up a bit. Why? What\u2019s worry\u2019n\u2019\n\nvehicle before. Now it was ready for the try-out.\r\n\u201cTrack clear?\u201d breathed Johnny.\r\n[105]\r\n\u201cAll clear,\u201d Pant whispered back.\r\n\u201cAll right; here goes!\u201d\r\nThere followed a series of sudden sharp explosions.\n\npounds of coal, and you are away again.\u201d\r\n[111]\r\n\u201cSounds like a dream,\u201d Johnny had sighed.\r\n\u201cIt is a dream\u2014a dream that has come\n\nthe plane rose to circle once more.\r\nFour times he attempted it; four times failed.\r\n\u201cCan\u2019t do it. It\u2019s no use!\u201d Johnny san", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.47947123646736145, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "A saga of the '70s and '80s, this novel is a tale of a young man who has been swept away by the world of the arts. He is unable to find his way back to the world he had come to see. He has been driven to the edge of the world by his father, who has a newfound respect for him. He must find his own way to the future, and to the past.", "reference_summary": "Past and present collide in Preston and Child's most thrilling novel ever . . .\nWHITE FIRE\nSpecial Agent Pendergast arrives at an exclusive Colorado ski resort to rescue his protegee, Corrie Swanson, from serious trouble with the law. His sudden appearance coincides with the first attack of a murderous arsonist who--with brutal precision--begins burning down multimillion-dollar mansions with the families locked inside. After springing Corrie from jail, Pendergast learns she made a discovery while examining the bones of several miners who were killed 150 years earlier by a rogue grizzly bear. H"}
{"id": "literary_149", "title": "The Adventures of Jimmy Skunk", "text": "except by a reviewer who may quote brief passages in a review.\r\nRepublished in 1987\r\nIllustrations by Harrison Cady\r\nPRINTED AND BOUND IN CANADA\n\nif Jimmy shouldn't know that he had anything to do with the joke.\r\nAs he sat there in a brown study, he happened to glance over on the\n\nout to see what is going on.\"\r\nSo with one eye on the barrel where Jimmy Skunk was taking a nap, and\n\nthere. I must be ready to jump the very second he does.\"\r\nIt all happened just as Peter had expected. While seeming to be paying\n\nabout his quarrel with Peter.\r\n\"Go it, Peter! Go it!\" he screamed excitedly. That was just like Sammy.\r\nPeter did go it. He had to. He ran with all his might. Reddy grinned as\n\nnoticed an old barrel there lying on its side.\r\n\"I wonder if he thinks he can hide in that,\" thought Reddy, and grinned\n\nand over so fast that he didn't have a chance to try.\r\nNow Reddy didn't know who was in the barrel. He just knew by the sounds\n\nhasn't been treated fairly, look out for him!18\r\nAnd this time Jimmy was mad clear through, as he got to his feet and\n\nhe really is not to be blamed for feeling as he did.\r\nNow Jimmy can never be accused of being stupid. He knew that an old\n\nto see who could have played such a trick on him.\r\nThe first person he saw was Reddy Fox. In fact, Reddy was right close at\n\nbroken to pieces just as Jimmy got to his feet.\r\nNow when Jimmy Skunk is angry, he20 doesn't bite and he doesn't scratch.\n\nrespects Jimmy and his rights.\r\nHe used it now, and he didn't waste any time about it. He threw some of\n\ndown the hill anyway,\" whined Reddy, when he could get his voice.\r\n\"Huh!\" snorted Jimmy Skunk, who didn't believe a word of it.\r\n\"I didn't. Honestly I didn't,\" protested Reddy. \"I ran against the\n\nlooked this way and that way, but there was no sign of Peter Rabbit.\r\n\"Huh!\" said he again, turning his back on Reddy Fox and walking away\n\nground trying to get rid of that dreadful perfume.\r\nWhen he reached the Green Forest he hurried over to the Laughing Brook\n\ntook", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.3524673283100128, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The first book in the series of books by the author of \"The Last Book\" (1996), \"The First Book\" is a collection of short stories written by the writer. It is based on the novel of the same name by the same author.", "reference_summary": "The Adventures of Jimmy Skunk is another in the long list children's books by the conservationist, Thornton W. Burgess. In this book, Jimmy Skunk has encounters with Reddy Fox, Peter Rabbit, Unc' Billy Possum and other acquaintances of his in the Green Meadows and Green Forest. Along the way, we learn some of the habits of Jimmy and his friends and we learn little lessons about life such as the importance of always keeping one's temper, keeping promises and not playing practical jokes. We are also treated to a philosophical discussion by Jimmy Skunk on the advantages of defensive weaponry. (Su"}
{"id": "literary_150", "title": "Brother Jonathan", "text": "friend? You are evidently new to these parts?\u201d\r\n\u201cAnd it is an Irishman that I am.\u201d\r\n\u201cThe Lord forbid, but I am an Englishman.\u201d\r\n\u201cThen we are half brothers.\u201d\r\n\u201cThe Lord forbid. What brings you here?\u201d\r\n\u201cStorms, storms, and it is a shipwrecked mariner that\n\nthrough a muscle. Have you been long in these parts?\u201d\r\n\u201cLonger than I wish to have been. This is the land\n\nnobody, and tries to make broken-up people over new.\u201d\r\n\u201cAnd where does he live, your Honor?\u201d\r\n\u201cAt a place called Lebanon, there are so many\n\nfunerals of people who go to heaven.\u201d\r\n[4]\r\n\u201cThat is my man. What are the blue-laws?\u201d\r\n\u201cOne of the blue-laws reads that married people\n\nI am after, for sure. How does one get to his house?\u201d\r\n\u201cThe open road from Norwich leads straight by his\n\nto him.\u201d\r\n\u201cI am going back to England,\u201d said Mr. Peters.\r\n\u201cWell, good-by is it to you,\u201d said Dennis, and the\n\nof birds, as the morning had been of songs of birds.\r\nThe sun of the long day fell at last, and the twilight\n\nshone red behind the gray rocks, oaks and cedars.\r\nDennis sat down on the pine needles.\r\n\u201cIt is a sorry tale that I will have to tell Brother\n\nhouse with his hard knuckles, in real Irish vigor.\r\nThe Governor\u2019s wife answered the startling knock.\r\n\u201cAnd faith it is a shipwrecked sailor. I am from the\n\nDoes not your goodman need a guard?\u201d\r\n\u201cI had never thought of such a thing.\u201d\r\n\u201cYou are sending soldiers and food and cattle to the\n\nO\u2019Hay, which I am that, in the way of his duty.\u201d\r\nThe tavern, which became an historic inn, where some\n\nhurrah! and it is here I am in America!\u201d\r\nThe landlord stood in the door.\r\n\u201cAnd who are you, my friend?\u201d\r\n\u201cDennis, your Honor.\u201d\r\n[10]\r\n\u201cAnd what brings you here?\u201d\r\n\u201cNot the ship; for the ship went down. What brings\n\nme here? My two legs\u2014no\u2014\u2014\u201d\r\nHe paused, and looked reverent.\r\n\u201cThe Hand Unseen. I came to enlist in the struggles\n\ndo such things some day.\u201d\r\nHe looked out of the window, and suddenly exclaimed\u2014\u201cLook!\u201d\r\nA man on a noble horse was coming, flying as it\n\nfull of high spirit, and dashed ", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.5378251075744629, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.5041570663452148, "generated_summary": "The story of a young man who is sent to the O'Hay, a small town in the English Channel, and whose life is a mystery.", "reference_summary": "SCIENCE DISCOVERED IT.\nTiny implants in the brain that enhanced intelligence and established mind-to-mind links between species that had previously been isolated and mute. Dogs, monkeys and man could communicate. Animals, and even severely retarded humans, could be taught complex tasks. Jonathan was the first human subject.\nINTERTEL SEIZED IT.\nThe giant consortium that had funded the research presented the discovery as a boon for mankind ... and secretly planned to use it to rule the world.\nJONATHAN AND HIS FRIENDS USED IT.With the mind-enhancing power that made them think and act as one, they"}
{"id": "literary_151", "title": "Land Of Fire", "text": "Note 1. The Fucus giganteus of Solander. The stem of this remarkable seaweed, though but the thickness of a man\u2019s thumb, is often over one hundred and thirty yards in length, perhaps the longest of any known plant. It grows on every rock in Fuegian waters, from low-water mark to a depth of fifty or sixty fathoms, and among the most violent breakers. Often loose stones are raised up by it, and carried about, when the weed gets adrift. Some of these are so large and heavy that they can with difficulty be lifted into a boat. The reader will learn more of it further on.\r\nNote 2. Dactylis caespitosa. The leaves of this singular grass are often eight feet in length, and an inch broad at the base, the flower-stalks being as long as the leaves. It bears much resemblance to the \u201cpampas grass,\u201d now well known as an ornamental shrub.\n\nNote 1. Aptenodytes Patachonica. This singular bird has been christened \u201cJackass penguin\u201d by sailors, on account of its curious note, which bears an odd resemblance to the bray of an ass. \u201cKing penguin\u201d is another of its names, from its superior size, as it is the largest of the auk or penguin family.\n\nNote 1. Seagriff does not exaggerate. Their skill with this weapon is something remarkable. Captain King thus speaks of it: \u201cI have seen them strike a cap, placed upon the stump of a tree fifty or sixty yards off, with a stone from a sling.\u201d And again, speaking of an encounter he had with Fuegians, \u201cIt is astonishing how very correctly they throw them, and to what a distance. When the first stone fell close to us, we all thought ourselves out of musket-shot!\u201d\r\nNote 2. A kind of telegraph or apparatus for conveying information by means of signals visible at a distance, and as oscillating arms or flags by daylight and lanterns at night. A simple form is still employed.\r\nNote 3. The \u201cwilliwaw,\u201d sometimes called the \u201cwooley,\u201d is one of the great terrors of Fuegian inland waters. It is a sort of squall with a downward direction, probably caused by the w", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.7010658979415894, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.5179892182350159, "generated_summary": "The earliest book of the series, \"The Tale of the Seagriff\" is a collection of stories that are based on the story of the seagriff.", "reference_summary": "An action-packed adventure from the former SAS member -- now bestseller writer.\n1982: The Falklands War. Young SAS trooper, Mike Hood, risks his life to capture an Argentine girl spy. Twenty years on, an Argentine military junta is returned to power and determined to reinvade the Falklands. Now a senior NCO, Hood is back in the South Atlantic. When fate throws him together with the girl from his past, he is faced with a conflict of loyalties. Can he trust her now?\nFrom the Hardcover edition."}
{"id": "literary_152", "title": "Black and White", "text": "and fair play, in the unmanly grasp after perishable gain.\r\nThe books which have been written in this country\u2014the books which\n\nside of the picture so studiously turned to the wall.\r\nEven in books written expressly to picture the black man's side of the\n\nprejudices and narrowness made him a lurking coward.\r\nAnd so it has been with the newspapers, which have ever been the\n\nwrongs of the masses are referred to sneeringly or apologetically.\r\nThe vast army of laborers\u2014men, women, and even tender children\u2014find\n\nnearly all of them gone the way of all the world.\r\nThe part played by the ministry of Christ in the early conflict\n\nthe way for the ultimate redemption of the world from sin and error.\r\nIf the Christian ministry of the United States did at last recognize\n\nof full manhood rights as a sovereign citizen.\r\nThe conflict of law and the moral sentiment of the country has been\n\nour territory and the heterogeneity of our vast population.\r\nUnder our government all the peoples of the world find shelter and\n\ncivil or political right which usually attaches to citizenship.\r\nA putative citizen of the United States commits murder in the\n\nblush to say it!) constitutionally conceded to it.\r\nI do not believe that, in 1860, a majority (or even a respectable\n\nperpetuation of the Union, and not in the interest of the slave.\r\nHis reply to Mr. Horace Greeley, who urged upon him the importance of\n\nconcerned about the Union than about the slave:[Pg 10]\r\nExecutive Mansion, Washington,\r\nAugust 22, 1862\r\nHon. Horace Greeley:\u2014Dear Sir: I have just read\n\nnew views so fast as they shall appear to be true views.\r\nI have here stated my purposes according to my view of\n\nquestion. It was Ephraim and his idol repeated.\r\nThe South forced the issue upon the people of the country. The\n\nHe recognizes no sovereignty more potential than that of his State.\r\nLong years of agitation and bloody war have failed to decide the\n\nand unjust than any enforced by a former slave State.\r\nThe right of franchise[5] has be", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "History", "topic_confidence": 0.30749955773353577, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The book is a collection of essays by the author, including his essay on the history of slavery in the United States.", "reference_summary": "Four stories are told simultaneously, with each double-page spread divided into quadrants. The stories do not necessarily take place at the same moment in time, but are they really one story?"}
{"id": "literary_153", "title": "The Lusiad or the Discovery of India, an Epic Poem", "text": "Editor's Preface.\r\nThe Life Of Camo\u00ebns, By William Julius Mickle.\r\nDissertation on The Lusiad, and on Epic Poetry, By The Translator.\r\nMickle's Introduction to The Lusiad.\r\nMickle's Sketch of The History of The Discovery Of India.\r\nContents.\r\nThe Lusiad.\r\nDissertation on The Fiction of The Island of Venus.\r\nFootnotes\n\nthat certain information will atone for his presumption.\"\r\nAs Lord Strangford professes to have better and more recent sources of\n\nparting was, perhaps, the sweetest of our poet's existence.\r\nCamo\u00ebns removed to Santarem, but speedily returned to Lisbon, was a\n\nsecond time detected, and again driven into exile.[3]\r\nThe voice of Love inspired our poet \"with the glorious resolution of\n\nformed some of the most finished pictures of the Lusiad.\r\nOn his return to Goa, Camo\u00ebns devoted his whole attention to the\n\nthe indignation of the viceroy that the poet was banished to China.\r\nOf his adventures in China, and the temporary prosperity he enjoyed\n\nStaunton's Account of the Embassy to China.\r\nA little temple, in the Chinese style, has been erected upon the rock,\n\nClarendon Press in Oxford, and died at Wheatly, in Oxfordshire, in 1789.\r\nSouthey speaks of Mickle (Quarterly Review, liii. p. 29) as a man of\n\nnotes are indicated by the abbreviation \"Ed.\"\r\nTHE EDITOR.\r\nLondon, 1877.\r\nTHE LIFE OF CAMO\u00cbNS,\r\nBY WILLIAM JULIUS MICKLE.\r\nWhen the glory of the arms of Portugal had reached its meridian\n\nto produce the author of the Lusiad.\r\nEarly in life the misfortunes of the poet began. In his infancy, Simon\n\nto that of a Scaliger, but directed by the taste of a Milton or a Pope.\r\nWhen he left the university he appeared at court. He was a polished\n\nit,\r\n\"One hand the pen, and ant the sword employ'd.\"\r\nThe fame of his valour had now reached the Court, and he obtained\n\none of his little pieces, where he laments the absence of his mistress.{xviii}\r\nWhen he returned to Goa, he enjoyed a tranquility which enabled him to\n\n\"Now blest with all the wealth fond hope could crave,\r\nSo", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.8467727303504944, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.537042498588562, "generated_summary": "The first book in the series of novels by the author, a young woman who has been a member of the Royal Society of England for many years. She is the daughter of the poet and the daughter-in-law of the writer, and the granddaughter of the author.", "reference_summary": "pubOne.info thank you for your continued support and wish to present you this new edition. HON. LIBRARIAN TO THE SOCIETY OF BIBLICAL ARCHAEOLOGY"}
{"id": "literary_154", "title": "The Eyes Have It", "text": "was lifted up four floors to the Count's personal suite.\r\nBy now, my lord the Count would have bathed, shaved, and dressed. He\n\nlike to be seen until he was thoroughly presentable.\r\nThe elevator stopped. Sir Pierre stepped out into the corridor and\n\ngilt-and-polychrome arms of the House D'Evreux.\r\nFor the first time in seventeen years, there was no answer.\r\nSir Pierre waited for the growled command to enter for a full minute,\n\nunable to believe his ears. Then, almost timidly, he rapped again.\r\nThere was still no answer.\r\nThen, bracing himself for the verbal onslaught that would follow if he\n\nhe had heard the Count's voice telling him to come in.\r\n\"Good morning, my lord,\" he said, as he always had for seventeen\n\nyears.\r\nBut the room was empty, and there was no answer.\r\nHe looked around the huge room. The morning sunlight streamed in\n\nhunting scene in a blaze of color.\r\n\"My lord?\"\r\nNothing. Not a sound.\r\nThe bedroom door was open. Sir Pierre walked across to it and looked\n\nindeed, he would never answer again.\r\nMy lord the Count lay flat on his back, his arms spread wide, his eyes\n\nback of his own. It was quite cool. He had been dead for hours.\r\n\"I knew someone would do you in sooner or later, my lord,\" said Sir\n\nsay nothing of taking the Blessed Sacrament itself.\r\nStill, it would look all the more conspicuous if she did not show up\n\nLady Alice during the first four days of this visit.\r\nShe turned and glanced at the locked and barred door of the bedroom.\n\nshe suspected, been actually afraid to go anywhere near a church.\r\nIf only she hadn't lied to him! But how could she have told the truth?\n\nopened into the suite of Edouard, Count D'Evreux.\r\nLast night she had hated him, but no longer. Now there was only room\n\nwere no tears left for weeping\u2014not after the long night.\r\nBehind her, she heard the sudden noise of the door being unlocked, and\n\na certain further laxity to filter down through the ranks.\r\nThe great consolation was Lady Alice D'Evreux. She was a plain, simple\n\nw", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.33032914996147156, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The Count's personal suite is a luxurious, elegant, and luxurious residence. It is the home of the Count and his wife, Lady Alice, who are both in love with each other. The lord is devoted to his wife and to his daughter, and he is unable to live without her. He has been a faithful servant to his family, and has been an important part of their lives.", "reference_summary": "It was quite by accident I discovered this incredible invasion of Earth by lifeforms from another planet. As yet, I haven't done anything about it; I can't think of anything to do. I wrote to the Government, and they sent back a pamphlet on the repair and maintenance of frame houses. Anyhow, the whole thing is known; I'm not the first to discover it. Maybe it's even under control."}
{"id": "literary_155", "title": "Royal Children of English History", "text": "Page\r\nAlfred the Great5\r\nPrince Arthur12\r\nHenry the Third20\r\nThe First Prince of Wales27\r\nEdward the Black Prince35\r\nHenry the Fifth and the Baby King\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a042\n\nbelieving it to be nothing else, I hated it accordingly.\r\nI hope you do not think anything so foolish, because, really, history\n\nglad and sorry, just as people are now-a-days.[6]\r\na.d. 827.\r\nYou know that if you were to set out on a journey from one end of\n\nbeing read to out of this splendid book\u2014\r\n\"Since you like the book so much, I will give it to the one who is\n\nfirst able to read it, and to say all the poetry in it by heart.\"\r\nThe eldest prince tried to learn it, but I suppose he did not try hard\n\nown, and they kissed each other with tears of pride and pleasure.\r\nYou must not suppose that King Alfred drove out the Danes without\n\npeople take the trouble to make them for you.\"\r\nAnd I have heard that she even slapped his face. He bore it all\n\nvery patiently.\r\n\"I am very sorry,\" he said, \"but I was thinking of other things.\"\r\nJust at that moment her husband came in followed by several\n\nknees and greeted her husband's labourer as their King.\r\n\"We have beaten the Danes,\" they said, \"and everyone is asking\n\nwhere is King Alfred? You must come back with us.\"\r\n\"Forgive me,\" cried the woman. \"I didn't think of your being\n\nso they could always feel quite safe whatever was going on.\r\nNow Alfred once wanted to know how many Danes there were in a\n\nremembrance of him in good works.\"\r\nHe did many good and wise things, but the best and wisest thing he\n\nto live worthily, that is to say, he had always tried to be good.\r\nHis last words to his son, just before he died, were these\u2014\"It is\n\njust that the English people should be as free as their own thoughts.\"\r\nYou must not think that this means that the English people should\n\nnoble family to serve noble ladies as pages.\r\nOne morning this lady's husband was found dead in his bed, and the\n\na person's innocence or guilt, but it was the custom of the times.\r\nThe poor lady could find", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.39612680673599243, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The book is a collection of short stories, poems, and essays by the author. It is based on the novel of the same name by the poet Alfred the Great.", "reference_summary": "Collection of narratives about children who later played an important role in English history, such as Alfred the Great, Prince Arthur and many more. Originally published in 1897."}
{"id": "literary_156", "title": "Uncanny Stories (from Pearson's Novel Magazine)", "text": "under the elder tree. George Waring waited for her there.\r\nYears afterwards, when she thought of George Waring she smelt the sweet,\n\nolive-brown hair. He was a naval lieutenant.\r\nYesterday he had asked her to marry him and she had consented. But her\n\nbefore he left her. His ship was to sail the next day.\r\nHe was eager and excited. He couldn\u2019t believe that anything could stop\n\ntheir happiness, that anything he didn\u2019t want to happen could happen.\r\n\u201cWell?\u201d he said.\r\n\u201cHe\u2019s a perfect beast, George. He won\u2019t let us. He says we\u2019re\n\n\u201cAnd I shall be seventeen in September.\u201d\r\n\u201cAnd this is June. We\u2019re quite old, really. How long does he mean us to wait?\u201d\r\n\u201cThree years.\u201d\r\n\u201cThree years before we can be engaged even\u2014 Why, we might be dead.\u201d\r\nShe put her arms round him to make him feel safe. They kissed; and the sweet,\n\nseven. Up in the house a gong clanged.\r\n\u201cDarling, I must go,\u201d she said.\r\n\u201cOh stay\u2014Stay five minutes.\u201d\r\nHe pressed her close. It lasted five minutes, and five more. Then he was\n\nfield-path, slowly, struggling with her tears.\r\n\u201cHe\u2019ll be back in three months,\u201d she said. \u201cI can live through three months.\u201d\r\nBut he never came back. There was something wrong with the engines of his\n\nPark, double gates and a side door.\r\nHarriott, on her stone seat at the back of the pavilion, could see\n\nStephen Philpotts the very minute he came through the side door.\r\nHe had asked her to wait for him there. It was the place he always chose\n\nwas going to say. And she knew what she would answer.\r\nThere were elder bushes in flower at the back of the pavilion, and\n\nplace. She loved Stephen with her soul, in an unearthly way.\r\nBut her body quivered like a stretched wire when the door opened and the\n\nyoung man came towards her down the drive under the beech trees.\r\nShe loved him; she loved his slenderness, his darkness and sallow\n\ntiptoe, as if his feet were lifted with wings.\r\nHe sat down beside her. She could see his hands tremble. She felt that\n\nher moment was coming; it had come.\r\n\u201cI wanted ", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.28152090311050415, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The story of a young woman who is a naval lieutenant. She is the daughter of sailor George Waring and his wife, Harriott. She has been a Navy lieutenent for many years. But when she was seventeen, she had asked to marry him and she had consented.", "reference_summary": "CONTENTS\nThe Unknown Quantity by E.R. Punshon\nThe Armless Man by W.G. Litt\nThe TomTom Clue by Cecil Morgan & Scudamore Jarvis\nThe Case Of Sir Alister Moeran by Margaret Strickland\nThe Kiss by M.E. Royce\nThe Goth by Roy Vickers\nThe Last Ascent by E.R. Punshon\nThe Terror By Night by Lewis Lister\nThe Tragedy At The 'Loup Noir' by Gladys Stern"}
{"id": "literary_157", "title": "A History of American Literature: 1950 to the Present", "text": "monarch the nation had been kept at peace with itself.\r\nYet in this fallow soil the seeds of controversy had been steadily\n\nMary-land, and, even as late as 1722, in George-ia.\r\nThe nonconformists whom adverse winds drove to the North in 1620 were\n\nthe sayings of individual men as the opinions of the community.\r\nThe history of the migrations to the North and to the South during\n\nof this rearguard action against the advancing forces of truth.\r\nThe Puritanism against which this rising tide of dissent developed was\n\nreligious bigotry which the world is even yet slow to forgive.\r\nOne of the earliest local dissenters was Thomas Morton (1575?-1646),\n\nThe old order changeth, yielding place to new,\r\nAnd God fulfils himself in many ways,\r\nLest one good custom should corrupt the world.\n\nEggleston, Edward. The Transit of Civilization.\r\nFiske, John. Beginnings of New England. Chaps. ii, iii.\r\nHart, A. B. American History told by Contemporaries. Vol. I,\n\netc. Grafton History Series. 1909.\r\nMasson, David. Life of John Milton, Vols. II, III.\r\nStraus, Oscar S. Roger Williams, the Pioneer of\n\nAustin, Mrs. J. G. Standish of Standish.\r\nAustin, Mrs. J. G. Betty Alden (sequel).\r\nAustin, Mrs. J. G. David Alden\u2019s Daughter.\r\nHawthorne, Nathaniel. The Gray Champion and The Maypole\n\nfrom an Old Manse.\r\nHawthorne, Nathaniel. The Scarlet Letter.\r\nJohnston, Mary. By Order of the Company.\r\nJohnston, Mary. The Old Dominion.\r\nMotley, J. L. Merry Mount.\n\nattitude of Morton in the \u201cNew English Canaan.\u201d\r\nRead from \u201cThe Simple Cobler of Aggawam\u201d for any evidence of Nathaniel\n\nEnglish and the degree to which it is colonial.\r\nCompare the attitude toward Ireland of Nathaniel Ward in this work and\n\nfor both the bodies and the souls of his parishioners.\r\nHe had the \u201clurking propensity\u201d for verse-writing which was common\n\nReader, I am a fool\r\nAnd have adventur\u00e8d\r\nTo play the fool this once for Christ,\r\nThe more his fame to spread.\r\nIf this my foolishness\r\nHelp thee to be more wise,\r\nI have attain\u00e8d what I se", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.6907913684844971, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.5123720765113831, "generated_summary": "The first book in the series of books by the author, \"The Last Word\" is a collection of short stories written by the writer. It is based on the novel of the same name by the same author.", "reference_summary": "The History of American Literature from 1950 to the Present offers a comprehensive analysis of the wide range of literary works that extends into the 21st century Covers drama, poetry, fiction, non-fiction, memoirs, science fiction, and detective novels Features discussion of American works within the context of such 21st-century issues as globalization, medicine, gender, education, and other topics"}
{"id": "literary_158", "title": "Overlooked", "text": "no more about this till after I had been at Har\u00e9ville a week.\r\nWhen I arrived there, although the season had scarcely begun, I made\n\nwhich they confined to the crops and the misdeeds of the Government.\r\nJames Rudd did not certainly belong to either of these categories. He\n\nto write, but could think of no subject.\r\nI suggested to him that he should write a novel about the people at\n\nsuitable heroine for his novel.\r\nI asked him if he had begun it. He said he was planning it, but as it\n\nexcept Princess Kouragine, before. And it was years since I had seen her.\r\n\"The first problem is,\" he said, \"Why is Miss Brandon not married? She\n\nstrange that a person with her looks\u2014\u2014\"\r\n\"I have often wondered what she looks like,\" I said, \"and I have made my\n\nshe had brought nothing back from fairyland except her looks.\r\n\"She reminds me,\" he said, \"of a line of Robert Lytton's: 'All her\n\nflash, she had no dreams.\"\r\n\"You mean she has no heart,\" I said.\r\n\"No, not that,\" he answered, \"heart as much as you like. She is kind.\n\nbe a piece of Denmark, but it was not Russian.\r\nI asked him whether he had been to Russia. Not in the flesh, he said,\n\nbut in the spirit he had lived there for years.\r\nPerhaps he wanted to see how much the second-hand impressions of a blind\n\nman were worth.\r\nHe soon reverted to the original subject of our talk.\r\n\"Why is Miss Brandon not married?\" he said.\r\nI said I knew nothing about her, nothing about her life. I presumed her\n\nmust find out about Miss Brandon's early history himself.\r\n\"She is very silent,\" he said.\r\n\"Mrs. Lennox is very talkative,\" I told him.\r\n\"What can I call it?\" he asked, in an agony of impatience. \"She has\n\nextremely grateful. It is a wonderful subject.\"\r\n\"Henry James,\" I ventured.\r\n\"Ah, James,\" said Rudd, \"yes, James, a wonderful intellect, but a\n\nYou can't say that in English.\"\r\n\"Nor in French either,\" I thought to myself, but I said aloud, \"Out of\n\nthe Wood would suggest quite a different kind of book.\"\r\n\"A very different kind of book,\" said", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.26909732818603516, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The first problem is, a person with her looks.", "reference_summary": "When Miss Elizabeth Gardiner, in London to enjoy her first Season, meets the widower Fitzwilliam Darcy, the Duke of Farleigh neither realise how much they will change each other's lives. Whilst their families and friends all overlook the possibility of a romance between them, Elizabeth and Darcy quietly fall in love and discover that, despite their apparent differences, they are perfect for one another. Inspired by Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice, Overlooked is an original story of love, acceptance and finding happiness in unusual places."}
{"id": "literary_159", "title": "The Square Jaw", "text": "bank of the river, and, on the South, Saint Pierre-Divion.\r\nLet me tell you something of the country and its\n\nobstacles covered, in places, a space over 200 yards wide.\r\nOn the one hand and on the other the banks of the\n\nfull of holes and slay them by the dozen.\r\nA giant miller, grinding death!\r\nAn hour later, when the larger part of the English troops\n\na muffled thunder as of a rising sea.\r\nIn this muddy ditch we are like some lost gang of divers.\r\nAnd in the meantime, 100 yards ahead of us, in the\n\nbattle in the very middle of the British Army.\r\nIt has become an observation post. One climbs it by a\n\ncruiser. Strange nest for war eagles!\r\n[Pg 18]\r\n\"Perfect weather for flying,\" the major tells me.\r\nA clear, frosty, moonlight night broods over the black\n\nconquered.\r\nIt is land over which the offensive has passed.\r\nAnd our hearts ache as we remember that down there,\n\nGeneral Sir Douglas Haig decided to abolish it.\r\nHence the movement of this morning.\r\nThe attack was elaborately prepared, and with the\n\nThey are the only sign of life in all this land of Death.\r\nThe little cemetery at Hamel, which we passed on\n\nis a fiery red, as if his rage had risen there as he died.\r\nAnother, of slighter, more fragile frame, lies on his\n\nGermans.\r\n[Pg 28]\r\nThe spirit of Dickens hovered over that wretched hut.\r\nSuddenly I noticed that my companion had fallen\n\nthough not without exacting a heavy toll from its enemies.\r\nA few days later the victory of the Marne was to\n\nFrench and British Armies.\r\nFor one moment they believed that they had succeeded.\r\nThis was on the 24th April, 1915, when, by the use of\n\nin the North it has never been so much as stretched.\r\nThis, however, has not been the case with the connection\n\nto be astonished by anything they may do.\r\n[Pg 34]\r\nAnd so, every time that the British front is extended,\n\nthis elasticity of the fusion of the Armies is to be observed.\r\nIt is clear that these rearrangements can in no way\n\nYou've heard about the Emden\r\nThat was cruising all a", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.30654802918434143, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The first book in the series of novels by the author of \"The Last Word\" (1996), \"The First Word\" is a collection of short stories written by the writer of \"Anthony\", \"The Second Word\" and \"The Third Word\" (1999).", "reference_summary": "This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most\nother parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions\nwhatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of\nthe Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at\nwww.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have\nto check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook.\nTitle: The Square Jaw\nAuthor: Henry Ruffin\nAndre Tudesq\nRelease Date: March 27, 2015 [EBook #48592]\nLanguage: English\nCharacter set encoding: ISO-8859-1\nProduc"}
{"id": "literary_160", "title": "The Purcell Papers", "text": "AN ADVENTURE OF\r\n          HARDRESS FITZGERALD, A ROYALIST CAPTAIN.   BILLY MALOWNEY'S TASTE OF\r\n          LOVE AND GLORY.  \r\n          THE BRIDAL OF CARRIGVARAH.   A CHAPTER IN THE HISTORY\r\n          OF A TYRONE FAMILY   THE DRUNKARD'S DREAM. \r\n JIM SULIVAN'S\r\n          ADVENTURES IN THE GREAT SNOW.   THE GHOST AND THE BONE\r\n          SETTER.   THE\r\n          FORTUNES OF SIR ROBERT ARDAGH.   THE LAST HEIR OF CASTLE\r\n          CONNOR.  \r\n          MEMOIR OF JOSEPH SHERIDAN LE FANU.   PASSAGE IN THE SECRET\r\n          HISTORY OF AN IRISH COUNTESS.   'THE QUARE GANDER.' \r\n SCRAPS OF HIBERNIAN\r\n          BALLADS.  \r\n          STRANGE EVENT IN THE LIFE OF SCHALKEN THE PAINTER.\n\nFollow these instructions if you would like to have your own copy of\r\n        this index and all the volumes of LE FANU, on your hard disk. Doing so\r\n        will allow this index to be used with all the many links to the volumes\r\n        and chapters when you are not connected to the internet:\n\n1. Click on the DOWNLOAD button at the top of this file to download the\r\n        zipped file package to whatever download directory you have set up for\r\n        your computer.\n\n3. Go to your Download Directory and double-click on the downloaded file\r\n        (25584-h.zip), and move the directory 25584-h to this or any\r\n        other directory you would like. Then double-click on 25584-h; you\r\n        will see several directories: you may rename the directory named files\r\n        to any name you wish, such as LE FANU. You may move this file to any\r\n        directory on your computer.\n\nWhen using the index or any of the files you may use the BACK button to\r\n        return from any link.\n\nThe directories are named: \"EPUB\" and \"KINDLE\". Double click on the\r\ndirectory which applies to your mobile viewer and move all the enclosed\r\nfiles to your device using the same connection technique you are\r\nfamiliar with when you have downloaded any commercial eBooks from your\r\ncomputer.", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.7687410116195679, "emotion": "admiration", "emotion_confidence": 0.5389717221260071, "generated_summary": "Is this the case for a new edition of the book?", "reference_summary": "J. Sheridan Le Fanu. The Purcell Papers. Sauk City: Arkham House, 1975. First edition, first printing. Octavo. 241 pages. Publisher's binding and dust jacket.\nAt the beginning of the eighteenth centuryWilliam Le Fanu was the sole survivor of his family."}
{"id": "literary_161", "title": "Halfway House (Ellery Queen Detective, #11)", "text": "I.IN WHICH WE PAY A FIRST VISIT TO SOUTHOVER207\r\nII.REFLECTIONS ON HONEYMOONS AND SUCHLIKE221\r\nIII.MATTERS OF ELECTION235\r\nIV.LONDON NIGHTS AND DAYS253\r\nV.LORD GUNNER ASCERTAINS WHERE WE ARE262\r\nVI.SENHOUSE ON THE MORAL LAW271\r\nVII.SHE GLOSSES THE TEXT286\r\nVIII.ADVENTURE CROWDS ADVENTURE295\r\nIX.THE PATTERAN304\r\nX.THE BROTHERS TOUCH BOTTOM312\r\nXI.OF MARY IN THE NORTH319\r\nXII.COLLOQUY IN THE HILLS328\r\nXIII.THE SUMMONS343\r\nXIV.VIGIL356\r\nXV.THE DEAD HAND365\r\nXVI.WINGS373\r\nXVII.FIRST FLIGHT385\r\nXVIII.ENTER A BIRD-CATCHER393\r\nXIX.HEARTACHE AND THE PHILOSOPHER407\r\nXX.IN WHICH BINGO IS UNANSWERABLE418\n\nvoice.\r\n\u201cSurely, it is not time?\u201d\r\n\u201cTea was to be at four, Mrs. Germain.\u201d\r\n\u201cOh. Well, the Rector is busy with his lordship\n\nhe can say Grace.\u201d\r\n\u201cVery well, Mrs. Germain. But Mr. Soames\u2014\u2014\u201d\r\n\u201cNo doubt. But I don\u2019t wish Mr. Soames to say\n\nher she flashed him one of her hasty looks.\r\n\u201cYes, it is, Mr. Germain.\u201d\r\n\u201cAnd I think you must be a most unselfish young\n\nMary\u2019s face, was reflected in her eyes.\r\n\u201cNo! Did he really?\u201d\r\n\u201cI swear he did. He called you Atalanta. He\n\nnot look up from his plate, but he listened.\r\n\u201cYou mean, I suppose\u2014\u2014?\u201d\r\n\u201cI mean Mrs. Bingham\u2019s girl\u2014the youngest of\n\nthe Rector, using his eyebrows.\r\n\u201cWhich can have little or no use for them, perhaps.\u201d\r\nMr. Germain, having given this oracle due attention,\n\nMy dear, you pleased.\u201d\r\nShe looked prim. \u201cDid I really?\u201d\r\n\u201cYou know that you did. How did you find old\n\nGermain?\u201d\r\n\u201cHe was very kind.\u201d\r\n\u201cSo I gathered. But how was he kind?\u201d\r\n\u201cHe was very kind.\u201d\r\n\u201cMy dear girl, I didn\u2019t ask you how kind he was,\n\nbut, How was he kind?\u201d\r\n\u201cI beg your pardon. He praised me.\u201d\r\n\u201cAnd you liked that?\u201d\r\nShe made some show of spirit. \u201cOf course I did.\n\ndeserve it?\u201d\r\nHe got a reproachful look\u2014and was rewarded.\r\n\u201cI did my best. I got very hot and was overtired.\n\nso naive an appeal, she got none.\r\n\u201cWell? Why come out, if you are tired?\u201d\r\nShe flamed. \u201cBecause you asked me\u2014because\n\nyou like \u2018The Saint\u2019s Walk\u2019?\u201d\r\n\u201cIt was beautiful.\u201d\r\n\u201cIt was all ab", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.6645371913909912, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.5134468078613281, "generated_summary": "The epoch of the first novel by the author of the novel \"The Last Word\" is a story of a young woman who has been swept away by the world of her own destiny. She is reborn in the world and is now a woman of honor.", "reference_summary": "The victim had lived two lives, but a single knife-thrust ended both of them. The trail of suspicion led into the guilt-edged world of the beautiful people--and climaxed in a vicious courtroom battle that ended with a shattering verdict. It seemed that for the first time Ellery had met his match--until the sleuth blended his usual impeccable logic with a most unusual fling at love to bait a trap to tempt the bizarre tastes of an extraordinary murderer."}
{"id": "literary_162", "title": "Alien Invasion: Invasive Species Become Major Menaces", "text": "9. MODERN LABOUR AND OLD ECONOMICS. H. de B. Gibbins, M.A.\r\n(Editor), Author of The Industrial History of England.\r\n10. ENGLISH SOCIALISM OF TO-DAY. Hubert Bland, one of the\r\nAuthors of Fabian Essays.\r\n11. ENGLISH LAND AND ENGLISH MEN. Rev. C. W. Stubbs, M.A.,\r\nAuthor of The Labourers and the Land.\r\n12. CHRISTIAN SOCIALISM IN ENGLAND. Rev. J. Carter, M.A., of\r\nPusey House, Oxford.\r\n13. THE EDUCATION OF THE PEOPLE. J. R. Diggle, M.A., Chairman of\r\nthe London School Board.\r\n14. POVERTY AND PAUPERISM. Rev. L. R. Phelps, M.A., Fellow of\r\nOriel College, Oxford.\r\n15. CONTINENTAL LABOUR. W. Maxwell.\r\n16. WOMEN'S WORK. Lady Dilke.\n\nreference to this difficult and intricate subject.\r\nI am of opinion it is not safe to allow things to remain\n\npressure from beneath, are making up their minds about it.\r\nThe reasons for this are not very far to seek. Two great\n\n700 foreigners, came in. Truly, we are an eccentric nation!\r\nIt was George Cruikshank who in allegory drew a map of\n\nwas taken of all the foreigners then resident in London.\r\n[8]\r\nOne must not infer, however, from the case of the Flemings\n\ngoing on daily and hourly among the poor in our large cities.\r\nIt has been said that to limit this influx would be to\n\nthe land whence he came, or by the court convicting.\"\r\nSuch is the law in the \"land of the free.\" England, no\n\nthere appears to be a difference of opinion.\r\nLeeds is a place which calls for more than a mere passing\n\none under-estimates rather than overstates the case.\r\nThe fact of the matter is, that all attempts to bolster up the\n\nThe annual income of the Society is \u00a335,000!\r\nI write of what I know. There are agitators in the East\n\n\"London, the needy villain's general home,\r\nThe common sewer of Paris and of Rome;\r\nCondemned by fortune and resistless fate,\r\nSucks in the dregs of each corrupted state.\"\n\nand upon the class of Italians who come here.\r\nThe best way to put down this infamous traffic, in default\n\nit will decrease by the natural process of evaporation.\r\nLet us ", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.8929383158683777, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.5389806032180786, "generated_summary": "The epoch of the American Civil War is a time when the world was in turmoil. The Civil War began with the onset of the Civil War, and the Civil war was a period of great conflict between the United States and Britain. The civil war began in 1845, and it was not until the early part of the 19th century that the Civil Wars began to take place. The first Civil War was fought in the 1850s, and by the mid-1960s, the Civil Rights Movement had been re-established. The war was not only a political struggle, but also.", "reference_summary": "Students read about organisms that have hitchhiked beyond their own habitats and learn about the damage invasive species do to our environment and economy."}
{"id": "literary_163", "title": "The Brand (Order of Luminan, Tenet #1)", "text": "To all who know the Golden West,\r\nAnd those who fain would feel\r\nIts charm and mystery, and test\r\nIts worth, which is so real;\r\nTo all who love God\u2019s mountains,\r\nHis vast expanse of plain,\r\nHis forests, lakes and fountains,\r\nAnd the secrets they contain\u2014\r\nThis book is humbly given.\n\n\u201cthat I shall love the West as he does?\u201d\r\n\u201cI hope so,\u201d said Davis, with a swift glance.\r\n\u201cI already know what a cayuse is, and also\n\n\u201cThe sun is rising o\u2019er the ocean,\r\nThe smiling waters greet the day;\r\nThe joyous winds to dancing motion\r\nWake the billows and the spray.\r\nSee where the clouds roll up the mountains!\r\nNight has her misty banner furled,\r\nAnd springing from a thousand fountains\r\nLight and joy o\u2019erflow the world!\u201d\n\nup at him with a bright smile.\r\n\u201cMr. West, why do the horses walk like crawfish?\u201d\r\nHe smiled at her comparison, and told her,[37]\n\nMrs. West tapped gently at her door.\r\n[51]\r\n\u201cAre you asleep, dear?\u201d\r\nBess quickly opened the door for her to enter.\n\n[59]\r\nCHAPTER VIII\r\nBESS LEARNS THE REAL CAUSE OF THE ACCIDENT\r\nThe girl had begun to tidy up the living-room\n\n\u201cThe waves looked soft as carded wool;\r\nBut the cruel rocks, they gored her side,\r\nLike the horns of an angry\u2014cow.\u201d\n\nthe alert ear at the door-casing.\r\n\u201cFrom my fond lips the eager answers fall\u2014thinking\u2014\u201d\r\nA pause, as Bess stopped to glance at a cookbook\n\n\u2018My hair is grey, though not with years,\r\nNor grew it white in a single night,\r\nAs men\u2019s have grown from sudden\u2014\u2019\n\nguess that\u2019s what knocked her out.\u2019\u201d\r\n\u201cDid you eat it?\u201d asked Bess.\r\n\u201cN\u2014no; we tried to scoop out the middle, but\n\nhis now unconscious burden, he gasped,\r\n\u201cI\u2019m all right. See to the other man!\u201d\r\nBess looked at Henry\u2019s drawn and anxious\n\nhim of it, too,\u201d she said, with a flash in her eye.\r\n[118]\r\n\u201cWell, the opportunity is at hand; but please\n\n[144]\r\nCHAPTER XVII\r\nBESS FLETCHER\u2019S NEW GUN, AND ITS FIRST VICTIM\r\nWest was standing near a tall pine tree, fastening\n\nwonders of nature.\r\n\u201cDid you hear that?\u201d asked Bess of her companion.\r\n[187]\r\n\u201cYes\u2014that was", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.6394874453544617, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.5116953253746033, "generated_summary": "The book is a collection of short stories, poems, and essays. It is the first book in the series to be published by the publisher.", "reference_summary": "Ciel is one of the last Exorcists; powerful, mistrusted warriors that fight with spiritually imbued weapons. Using the power granted by a mystical brand, she channels electricity into her mechanical arm to combat the vicious creatures known as the daeryc.\nReikah is a Spirit Speaker, a spell caster that commands elemental spirits through symbols drawn in the air.\nCiel and Reikah are on different sides of old conflict between their two nations, but the two women share the same goal: the destruction of the daeryc. When an isolated town is captured by one of the monsters, they must ally to survive"}
{"id": "literary_164", "title": "Marjorie in Command (Marjorie, #4)", "text": "CHAPTERPAGE\r\nI.A Family Confab1\r\nII.A Floral Welcome15\r\nIII.The Lady Arrives27\r\nIV.The Ides of March41\r\nV.Remorseful Romans54\r\nVI.Letters and Cards68\r\nVII.A Jinks Party81\r\nVIII.Romps and Rhymes95\r\nIX.Willing Helpers110\r\nX.On the Way Home121\r\nXI.A Friend in Need133\r\nXII.The House on Spruce Street146\r\nXIII.A Birthday Plan160\r\nXIV.Henderson Palace174\r\nXV.A Fine Celebration189\r\nXVI.Window Boxes203\r\nXVII.Delightful Anticipations216\r\nXVIII.The Arbor Day Festival230\r\nXIX.The Contest244\r\nXX.A Spring Ramble258\n\nthe dignity and decorum of the Maynard household.\u201d\r\n\u201cWill Miss Larkin like that?\u201d said Marjorie.\r\n\u201cI think so; or I should not consent to the\n\nMother says, whether you want to, or not.\u201d\r\n\u201cYes, sir; but then, you see, I love Mother.\u201d\r\nThis simple explanation seemed to please Mr.\n\nshe usually did, with her clever, sensible husband.\r\nCHAPTER II A FLORAL WELCOME\r\nBreakfast next morning was not the gay, cheery\n\ndigging at her eyes with a wet ball of a handkerchief.\r\nIt was Saturday, so they couldn\u2019t go to school,\n\nmakes a bonfire of our decorations in her honor.\u201d\r\n\u201cI shall,\u201d said Marjorie, pouting a little.\r\n\u201cOh, pshaw, Mops; don\u2019t be a silly. A nice\n\nround with tiny half-pearls.\r\nKitty\u2019s was a gold ring, with a turquoise setting.\r\nKing\u2019s, a pair of pretty sleeve-links, and Rosy\n\nand didn\u2019t like her when she proposed discipline!\r\nThis was a fine state of affairs, indeed!\r\nAnd so compunctious did it make Marjorie feel,\n\nyou\u2019re asleep.\u201d\r\n\u201cSo it does,\u201d agreed Kitty; \u201cgood-night.\u201d\r\nCHAPTER IV THE IDES OF MARCH\r\nSomehow, the days managed to follow each other\n\nannounced:\r\n\u201cI\u2019ll be Brutus; I think he\u2019s the gayest one.\u201d\r\n\u201cAll right,\u201d said King; \u201cwho\u2019ll be C\u00e6sar?\u201d\r\n\u201cLet Rosy Posy be C\u00e6sar,\u201d said Marjorie. \u201cHe\n\none to lie still without laughing.\r\n\u201cWhat\u2019ll we use for daggers?\u201d said Kitty.\r\n\u201cHere are two ivory paper-knives,\u201d said King.\n\nstood by, looking the picture of hopeless woe.\r\nCHAPTER V REMORSEFUL ROMANS\r\n\u201cI did it,\u201d groaned King; \u201cit was all my fault.\n\nfor playing with that sh", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.8456171751022339, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.532696008682251, "generated_summary": "The epoch of the first century is marked by the arrival of the emigrants, and the arrival in the world of the American. The earliest settlers were a few hundred years ago, but the earliest Europeans were still a little more advanced than the American ones.", "reference_summary": "This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can usually download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1910 edition. Excerpt: ... CHAPTER XX A SPKING KAMBLE \"Only think!\" cried Marjorie, as she sprang out of bed, \" Father and Mother are coming home today!\" \"Hooray!\" cried Kitty, tumbling out of her bed at the joyful reminder. \"Won't I be glad to see them, though! Aren't we going to celebrate?\" \"Not any regular celebration. It'll be fun enough just to see them, and hear them tell about their trip.\" "}
{"id": "literary_165", "title": "Unicorns: The Myths, Legends, & Lore", "text": "\"The Lion and the Unicorn were fighting for the crown:\r\nThe Lion beat the Unicorn all round the town.\" ...\n\n\"I am owner of the sphere,\r\nOf the seven stars and the solar year,\r\nOf C\u00e6sar's hand and Plato's brain,\r\nOf Lord Christ's heart and Shakespeare's strain.\"\n\n[Pg 6]\r\nCHAPTER II\r\nAN AMERICAN COMPOSER\r\nTHE PASSING OF EDWARD MACDOWELL\r\nWhom the gods love\u2014\u2014!\r\nAdmirers of Edward MacDowell's Sonata\n\n[Pg 241]\r\nCHAPTER XXII\r\nLITTLE MIRRORS OF SINCERITY\r\nBARNEY IN THE BOX-OFFICE\r\nFirst Scene. It is snowing on the Strand.\n\nbut he puts the blame upon his defective eyesight.\r\nTHE CITY OF BROTHERLY NOISE\r\nPhiladelphia is the noisiest city in North\n\nBut all human beings are critics, aren't they?\r\nTHE MOCK PSYCHIATRIST\r\nIf for the dog the world is a smell, for the\n\nICONOCLASTS:\r\nA Book of Dramatists\r\n12mo. $1.50 net\r\n\"His style is a little jerky, but it is one of those rare styles in which\n\nOVERTONES:\r\nA Book of Temperaments\r\nWITH FRONTISPIECE PORTRAIT OF RICHARD STRAUSS\r\n12mo. $1.50 net\r\n\"In some respects Mr. Huneker must be reckoned the most\n\nTHE PATHOS OF DISTANCE\r\nA Book of a Thousand and One Moments\r\n12mo. $2.00 net\r\n\"He talks about Bergson as well as Matisse; he never can keep\n\nEGOISTS\r\nWITH PORTRAIT AND FACSIMILE REPRODUCTIONS\r\n12mo. $1.50 net\r\n\"Closely and yet lightly written, full of facts, yet as amusing as", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.8300202488899231, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.5298601388931274, "generated_summary": "The epoch of the first century is a time when the world was ruled by a king. But now, with the advent of the Internet, the world has been ruled out of its own hands.", "reference_summary": "An enchanting treasury of unicorn lore\nFor thousands of years, unicorns have captured hearts, minds, and imaginations with their whimsical, mischievous spirit. This enchanting collection invites you to leap into their magical world and surround yourself in the tales that capture their power and beauty. Filled with dozens of magnificent illustrations, each page brings your favorite mythical creature to life right before your eyes--shimmering mane and all.\nSo get ready for a magic-filled adventure--\"Unicorns\" takes you on a journey you won't soon forget."}
{"id": "literary_166", "title": "The Timeless Ones (A Timless Story, #1)", "text": "alien corn five thousand light years from Earth.\r\nSowing and reaping and bringing in the sheaves, in the blue light\n\nprospect ship from Earth to the stars.\r\nHe'd be a man grown now, as sturdy as his dad. You could almost take\n\nbuoyancy of twenty summers in her carriage and smile.\r\nThey'd be farmers still. You couldn't change the Sweeneys in a million\n\nyears, couldn't wean them away from the good earth.\r\nIt was funny, but he couldn't even visualize the Sweeneys without\n\ntown with broad streets and modern, dust-proof buildings!\"\r\nNed Jackson awoke from his reverie with a wry start. He nodded again,\n\nencouraged the free exercise of man's best qualities\u2014and his worst.\r\nFrom end to end of the Galaxy, on large planets and small, progress had\n\nanimal his star-conquering genius shriveled to the vanishing point.\r\n\"The friends we made here were very special, Ned,\" Cynthia said.\n\ntremendous zest for living\u2014\"\r\n\"I know,\" Ned said.\r\n\"They were wonderful\u2014generous and kind. It will be good to see them\n\nto say: 'Good to be home.'\"\r\nNed thought he knew why.\r\nThey'd made their first flight for the Bureau exactly ten years before.\n\nalmost the whole of it had been spent on the little green world.\r\nDid not the queen bee and her consort, flying high above the hive on\n\nbrightly burning stars, caught in a web of darkness\u2014\r\nThen, swiftly, had exploded into a close, familiar world, as beautiful\n\nas a flower opening snowy petals to the dawn.\r\nIt was a simple matter to bring the rocket down. The valley seemed to\n\nrosy flush of evening.\r\nCynthia looked at her husband, her eyes wide with surmise.\r\n\"Just shows how close you can come when you follow dial readings!\" Ned\n\nlong time. But I knew you'd come soon! I knew! I was sure!\"\r\nNowhere any sign that this was not the child they had known ten years\n\nher.\r\nShe had always seemed an elfin and mischievous child.\r\n\"What can it mean, Ned?\"\r\nWhite-lipped, Ned shook his head. \"I\u2014I don't know! We'd better go\n\nwith a startled cry.\r\n\"Ned! Cynthia! Why, land s", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.3908753991127014, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The first book in the series of books by the author, Ned Jackson, is a story of a young man who has been a member of the Bureau for many years. He is unable to find his way back to the planets and small, but he is able to find a way to escape from the hive.", "reference_summary": "A legend awakened...\nA race against history...\nA bond that is timeless...\nMerry Chalmers, accused witch, has a secret so hidden that she's nearly forgotten what she really is. All she desires is for the witch-hunts to end and to marry her secret love, William Darling. But hysteria has taken hold in Salem Village, and the Tall Man, spawned by tales of his existence, is born to fulfill his dark purpose.\nSoon Merry and William find their lives taking unthinkable paths. For when Merry leaps from the 17th century into modern-day Salem, she must accept that unlike others who were accused and hanged "}
{"id": "literary_167", "title": "Continuous Vaudeville", "text": "[13]\r\nTHE OLD STAGE DOOR TENDER\r\nNaturally if you are going back on the stage to get acquainted with its\n\ntwo, then he came over to me one afternoon and said,\r\n\"What do you suppose they call you and I 'Cressy' for?\"\r\nHe expressed his opinion of actors in general about as concisely as I\n\nstage.\r\n[15]\"Here, here,\" said Old George; \"where are you going?\"\r\n\"I am going up on the stage,\" said Mr. M.\r\n\"You are not,\" said George, barring the way, \"without a pass from Mr.\n\nPresident of the Orpheum Company.\"\r\n\"Yis, and I am King George, The Prisidint of this Door; and me orders is\n\nback.\r\n\"Gone to get a drink of water. Be back in a minute. George.\"\r\n\"Gone out in front to ask Mr. Morrisey a question. Be back in three\n\nminutes. George.\"\r\n\"Helping fill Miss Kellerman's tank; don't know how long. George.\"\r\n\"Inside watching Banner of Light Act. George.\"\r\n[16]This \"Banner of Light\" act was Louie Fuller's \"Ballet of Light,\"\n\nwatch the act up through these sheets of glass.\r\nHe said it was the best act that was ever in the house\u2014for him.\n\noff for dinner and an hour for supper.\r\nThe theater faces on Washington Street and the stage door is on Mason\n\nsaw Washington Street once in all that time.\r\nOne day Eugene Tompkins, the owner of the theater, came along, stopped,\n\nthought a minute, then said,\r\n\"Con, how long have you been here?\"\r\n\"Sixteen years, come August,\" said Con.\r\n\"Ever had a vacation?\"\r\n\"No, sor.\"\r\nTompkins looked at his watch; it was ten minutes of twelve. \"Well, Con,\"\n\nuntil to-morrow morning. Then come and tell me what you did.\"\r\nCon put on his coat and went out; out to the first vacation he had had\n\ntrees; the flowers growing.\r\nAnd what do you suppose he did?\r\nHe walked across the narrow alley and visited with the Stage Door Tender\n\nhouse; unhesitatingly he replied,\r\n\"Joe Maxwell's Police Station act.\"\r\nI asked him why he considered that the best.\r\n\"Ain't no women in it.\"\n\nStage Door Tender of Keith's Theater in Philadelphia in the machine:\r\n[18]\"Now this is just what a man", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.4414406418800354, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The story of a young man who is a snobby, sexy, and a little bit smitten with his girlfriend.", "reference_summary": "Will Martin Cressy (1863-1930) was the author of: The Hills o' Hampshire (1913) and Continuous Vaudeville (1914). \"When you go into a Continuous Vaudeville Theater you expect to see and hear a little of everything. You see a lot of poor acts, a few good ones and two or three real good ones. In seeking a suitable title for this book it struck us that that description would fit it exactly; so we will christen it. -\""}
{"id": "literary_168", "title": "Castle In Spain", "text": "At length the two were roused by the approach of a party of people who\r\n      were undoubtedly the very ones for whom they had been thus waiting.\n\nThis party consisted of three persons. First, there was an elderly man,\r\n      florid, stoutish, and fussy\u2014the Paterfamilias of Punch, with a dash\r\n      of the heavy father of comedy. He was evidently in a terrible strait, and\r\n      halting between two opinions, namely, whether he should stay and watch\r\n      over his family, or go away and see after his luggage.\n\nThen there was a lady of certain or uncertain age\u2014a faded,\r\n      washed-out blonde, who surveyed the scene with a mixture of trepidation\r\n      and caution.\n\nNeither of these, however, could have had any interest in the eyes of the\r\n      two watchers; and it must have been the third member of this party who had\r\n      led them to lie in wait.\n\nIn truth, this third one seemed well worthy of such attention. She was a\r\n      young lady, of slight and elegant figure; with a sweet and lovely face,\r\n      round, arch, full of liveliness, merriment, and volatility, which were\r\n      expressed in every glance of her sparkling eyes. And while the man\r\n      fidgeted and the woman fussed, this young person stood with admirable\r\n      self-possession, looking round inquiringly, as though she too might be\r\n      expecting some one.\n\nPaterfamilias hesitated a little longer, and then made up his mind, for,\r\n      telling the ladies to wait, he hurried away after his luggage. No sooner\r\n      had he gone than the two young men, who had held back till then, hurried\r\n      to the spot. The Englishman reached it first. The elder lady, on seeing\r\n      him, stared for an instant, and then abruptly turned her back, thus giving\r\n      him the cut direct in the most pointed and insulting manner. In thus\r\n      turning she found herself face to face with the Spaniard, who made a very\r\n      ceremonious bow, saying,\n\nAt this the lady hesitated, as though intending to give this man ", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.38736218214035034, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The story of the sailor who was a snob, and a man who was an aristocrat, is told in a way that is not only a biography of the man, but also a history of the woman.", "reference_summary": "Never again would she dance on stage\nBirdie's career as a ballerina was over, ruined by a fluke accident. Reeling from the shock, she let sympathetic friends lure her to the island of Menorca for a rest.\nIt was there that Birdie met the Conde, a man who was the antithesis of all she knew--and who wouldn't let her retreat into herself. He was overbearing and manipulative; Birdie knew his power could wreak even more havoc in her life!"}
{"id": "literary_169", "title": "Amusements in Mathematics", "text": "where the \"empirical\" begins and where it ends.\r\nWhen a man says, \"I have never solved a puzzle in my life,\" it is\n\nconsideration in terms of his familiar symbols.\r\nI have taken the greatest care in reading the proofs, and trust that\n\npowers directly they are taught the elementary rules of arithmetic.\r\nA boy who was demolishing a choice banana was approached by a young\n\nsix times as many animals as I've got here.\"\r\nNo doubt this was a very primitive way of bartering animals, but it is\n\n'Twas last Bank Holiday, so I've been told,\r\nSome cyclists rode abroad in glorious weather.\r\nResting at noon within a tavern old,\r\nThey all agreed to have a feast together.\r\n\"Put it all in one bill, mine host,\" they said,\r\n\"For every man an equal share will pay.\"\r\nThe bill was promptly on the table laid,\r\nAnd four pounds was the reckoning that day.\r\nBut, sad to state, when they prepared to square,\r\n'Twas found that two had sneaked outside and fled.\r\nSo, for two shillings more than his due share\r\nEach honest man who had remained was bled.\r\nThey settled later with those rogues, no doubt.\r\nHow many were they when they first set out?\n\nall have had exactly the same amount.\r\nNow, when I add that all four boxes together contained 45s., and that\n\nout. Can you tell me what it is from the figures I have given you?\"\r\nYes; the answer can certainly be given from the figures contained in\n\nto be paid in the current coin of this realm.\"\r\nHere, then, is a puzzle: In how many different ways may nineteen\n\ntwopence, two for a penny, one for nothing\u2014I'll take one!\"\r\nThere are similar cases of perplexity. For example, a boy once picked\n\nout of the tangle the boy had disappeared.\r\nThen, again, we have the case of the man who gave a boy sixpence and\n\ngive a simple poser dealing with this branch of commerce.\r\nAn old woman had apples of three sizes for sale\u2014one a penny, two a\n\n39.\u2014THE COSTERMONGER'S PUZZLE.\r\n\"How much did yer pay for them oranges, Bill?\"\r\n\"I ain't a-goin' to tell yer, Jim. But I beat the old c", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.5113838911056519, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The first book in the series of novels by American author and illustrator John Sullivan.", "reference_summary": "The legion of H. E. Dudeney fans needs no introduction to the first American edition of this endlessly entertaining and instructive volume of mathematical amusements. New readers will be delighted with the 430 puzzles, problems, paradoxes, and brain-teasers presented by a master of mathematical ingenuity.\nVirtually every sort of mathematical or logical poser is included in this extraordinary collection -- problems concerning the manipulation of numbers; unicursal and route problems; moving counter puzzles; locomotion and speed problems; measuring, weighing, and packing problems; clock puzzles;"}
{"id": "literary_170", "title": "Scapegoat", "text": "Molly. Hist! hist! Robin!\r\nRobin. What! my dear Molly! You may come in.\r\nMolly. I\u2019m afeard, Robin.\r\nRobin. There\u2019s nothing to be afraid of just now.\r\nMolly. Where\u2019s Mr. Ignoramus, the tutorer, then?\r\n6Robin. Mr. Ignatius you mean. He\u2019s out, taking\n\nha\u2019 let him bide there till doomsday.\r\nRobin. Molly, Molly, you don\u2019t like Mr. Polyglot.\r\nMolly. Why don\u2019t he like me then?\r\nRobin. It is not you alone, but he would dislike any\n\ntill we find him in a good humour, and then perhaps\u2014\r\nMolly. If we wait till then, Robin, you need be in\n\nlad.\r\nMolly. \u2019Tis a misfortune not likely to happen to you.\r\nPoly. But \u2019tis I alone who am to blame. I ought\n\nstony-hearted as you are. Will you forgive me?\r\nPoly. No!\r\nMolly. You won\u2019t? Nay, then, I\u2019ll tell you a bit\n\ndread his displeasure worse than death.\r\nPoly. Betray you! Never; be it what it may.\r\nCharles. Swear!\r\nPoly. I never swear.\r\nCharles. Swear, or this instant will I\u2014\r\nPoly. Hold! your danger inspires me with the\n\nthe thing is incredible, and\u2014\r\nCharles. Do but hear me, sir.\r\nPoly. In love! it cannot be: why, he has Greek,\n\nsir! the pavilion at the end of the garden?\r\nEustace. Ay, I have no other.\r\nCharles. You had better not go there to-night, sir;\n\npoor Molly, and forgive her, sir.\r\nPoly. (Lost in thought.) No, Molly\u2014yes, Robin, yes.\r\nRobin. Thankye, sir; it shall never happen again.\r\n[Exit.\r\nEustace. Why, what is the meaning of all this?\n\nCharles\u2014\r\nCharles. Do but hear me to the end of my story.\r\nPoly. I have heard too much already. And are these\n\nbest of friends, be comforted: I am married.\r\nPoly. (Struck with astonishment.) Married!\r\nCharles. I am, I am. Marriage, as you say, is a\n\nI rapped his knuckles for a false quantity\u2014your wife?\r\nCharles. Left her? She\u2019s here!\r\nPoly. What, here! in the house?\r\nCharles. In my father\u2019s study, in the garden. Taking\n\nthe garden. I will confide her to your care.\r\n17Poly. Hold, hold! Confide a woman to my care!\r\nCharles. Ay; your apartment is the most secure.\n\nlove; all will be well.\r\n[Exit.\r", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.44985875487327576, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The story of Molly, a tutorer, is told in the context of the life of a young woman.", "reference_summary": "Accountability. Responsibility. When things go wrong, someone has to pay. In this case, that someone is Rennie Vogel.\nHung out to dry for the debacle of the Tajikistan mission, Rennie finds herself on the outside of the system with no hope of return. To make things worse, Hannah Marcus has moved on, seemingly willing to consign their interrupted relationship to the past.\nRennie has never heard of The Foundation, but they have heard of her. A former adversary unexpectedly offers her an opportunity to serve her country in a less-than-legal but honorable undertaking. With rare hope, Rennie tries "}
{"id": "literary_171", "title": "Spain: A Unique History", "text": "ANALYTICAL TABLE OF CONTENTS.\r\nLIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.\r\nINDEX.\r\nPREFACE.\r\n\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\r\nTHERE is a difficulty in writing a book of this character on Spain,\n\nattempted in the following pages.\r\nIn a work of this kind one other obvious difficulty is to know what to\n\nrecently engaged in practical geological survey and mapping in Spain.\r\nMuch also of the present work is due to private information most kindly\n\nPAGE\r\nCaballeros86\r\nDominique, the Espada88\r\nGipsies at Granada90\r\nLeaning Tower of Saragossa98\r\nGeneral View of Granada, with the Alhambra110\r\nAlhambra Tower by Moonlight114\r\nFountain of the Four Seasons, Madrid130\r\nPort of Cadiz153\r\nVespers190\r\nGiralda of Seville197\r\nMoorish Ornamentation199\n\nlarge part of Spain has really an extreme continental climate.\r\nFor while it is distinctly separated from the rest of Europe by the line\n\nAtlantic.\r\nWe will treat of these in order.\r\nMountain Chains.\r\nBut first we must speak of the various mountain systems and river basins\n\nthe various populations which has resulted from them.\r\nFirst, on the north is the chain of the Pyrenees, a continuation of the\n\ndividing the Guadiana from the Guadalquiver.\r\nBut it is south of the last stream that the culminating points of the\n\nItaly or of Greece.\r\nRivers of Spain.\r\nOf the five great rivers of Spain only one, the Ebro, pours its waters\n\nseveral of slightly smaller dimensions, of which we will treat in order.\r\nFew countries present within so short a distance so great a difference\n\ncourse being through almost barren districts, where rain seldom falls.\r\nThe principal river of Galicia is the Minho, with its tributary the Sil.\n\nof Spain which falls into the Atlantic.\r\nThe Ebro has its rise from the source, Fontibre, in the province of\n\nof the Llobregat, would be sources of immense wealth to the country.\r\nFrom the fact that the lower part of the course of the great rivers of\n\nus return to the Douro, and to the other rivers of the plateau.\r\nThe Douro takes its rise in the Lago Negro, or Black Lake, on the", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.6350720524787903, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.5161139965057373, "generated_summary": "The epoch of the Spanish Civil War is a time when Spain was a country that had been a protector of the people of Europe. It was ruled by the Spanish, and its citizens were a part of the European Union. The Spanish Civil war was fought in the late 18th century, and it was governed by the Spaniards.", "reference_summary": "From bloodthirsty conquest to exotic romance, stereotypes of Spain abound. This new volume by distinguished historian Stanley G. Payne draws on his half-century of experience to offer a balanced, broadly chronological survey of Spanish history from the Visigoths to the present. Who were the first \"Spaniards\"? Is Spain a fully Western country? Was Spanish liberalism a failure? Examining Spain's unique role in the larger history of Western Europe, Payne reinterprets key aspects of the country's history.\nTopics include Muslim culture in the peninsula, the Spanish monarchy, the empire, and the rel"}
{"id": "literary_172", "title": "The Gourmet", "text": "man condemned to snack on the Chlorella-spawn of cis-Martian space.\r\nThe Pequod's crew ate wormy biscuit and salt beef. Nimitz's men won\n\nstatement of the least fuel a man can run on.\r\nTwelve tons of water, oxygen, and food would have filled the cargo\n\nis the Cook. This trip, the-man-you-love-to-hate was our Captain.\r\nIf the Cook hadn't problems enough with the chemical and psychic duties\n\n\"Doc, do you like Winkelmann?\" the Cook asked me.\r\n\"Not much,\" I said. \"I suspect that the finest gift our Captain can\n\nto live with him. He's a good man at driving a ship.\"\r\n\"I wish he'd leave off driving this Cook,\" Bailey said. \"The fat swine!\"\r\n\"His plumpness is an unwitting tribute to your cooking, Bailey,\" I\n\nmy time, and I'll testify that you set a table second to none.\"\r\nBailey took a handful of dried Chlorella from a bin and fingered it. It\n\nthe good work, though, and you'll keep our Captain fat.\"\r\nBailey nodded from his one-man cloud of gloom. I got a bottle of rye\n\ngazed at Winkelmann's form, bulbous from a lifetime of surfeit feeding.\r\n\"Yes, I eat it,\" the Captain said, taking and talking through another\n\ngrasshoppers, to stay alive.\"\r\n\"Sir, what in heaven's name do you expect from me?\" Bailey pleaded.\r\n\"Only good food,\" Winkelmann mumbled through his mouthful of disguised\n\ndon't know what I can do to please you.\"\r\n\"You are a spacer and a Ship's Cook, not a suburban Hausfrau with the\n\nkeep my belly content and my brain alive.\"\r\n\"Yes, sir,\" Bailey said, his face a picture of that offense the British\n\nman?\"\r\n\"Frankly, I can't understand your attitude at all,\" I said.\r\n\"You accuse me of driving a man to make bricks without straw,\"\n\nsomehow to bring good food from Chlorella tanks.\"\r\n\"You're driving him too hard, Sir,\" I said. \"He'll crack.\"\r\n\"Bailey will have some fifty thousand dollars' salary waiting when we\n\nmany discomforts. That will be all, Doctor Vilanova.\"\r\n\"Crew morale on the ship....\" I began.\r\n\"That will be all, Doctor Vilanova,\" Captain Winkelmann repeated.\n\nsh", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.2748657763004303, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The Captain and his crew ate wormy biscuit and salt beef. Nimitz's men won statement of the least fuel a man can run on. Twelve tons of water, oxygen, and food would have filled the cargo is the Cook. This trip, the-man-you-love-to-hate was our Captain. If the Cook hadn't problems enough with the chemical and psychic duties \"Doc, do you like Winkelmann?\" the Cook asked me.", "reference_summary": "France's greatest food critic is dying after a lifetime in single-minded pursuit of sensual delights. But as Pierre Arthens lies on his death bed, he is tormented by an inability to recall the most delicious food to ever pass his lips, which he ate long before becoming a critic."}
{"id": "literary_173", "title": "The Garden of Dreams", "text": "And daydawn brows, whereover hung\r\nThe twilight of dark locks; and lips,\r\nWhose beauty spoke the rose's tongue\r\nOf fragrance-voweled drips.\n\nI will not tell of cheeks and chin,\r\nThat held me as sweet language holds;\r\nNor of the eloquence within\r\nHer bosom's moony molds.\n\nNor of her large limbs' languorous\r\nWind-grace, that glanced like starlight through\r\nHer ardent robe's diaphanous\r\nWeb of the mist and dew.\n\nThere is no star so pure and high\r\nAs was her look; no fragrance such\r\nAt her soft presence; and no sigh\r\nOf music like her touch.\n\nNot while I live may I forget\r\nThat garden of dim dreams! where I\r\nAnd Song within the spirit met,\r\nSweet Song, who passed me by.\n\nNevermore at doorways that are barken\r\nShall the madcap wind knock and the noonlight;\r\nNor the circle, which thou once didst darken,\r\nShine with footsteps of the neighboring moonlight,\r\nVisitors for whom thou oft didst hearken.\n\nNevermore, gallooned with cloudy laces,\r\nShall the morning, like a fair freebooter,\r\nMake thy leaves his richest treasure-places;\r\nNor the sunset, like a royal suitor,\r\nClothe thy limbs with his imperial graces.\n\nAnd no more, between the savage wonder\r\nOf the sunset and the moon's up-coming,\r\nShall the storm, with boisterous hoof-beats, under\r\nThy dark roof dance, Faun-like, to the humming\r\nOf the Pan-pipes of the rain and thunder.\n\nOft the hours of blonde Summer tinkled\r\nAt the windows of thy twigs, and found thee\r\nBird-blithe; or, with shapely bodies, twinkled\r\nLissom feet of naked flowers around thee,\r\nWhere thy mats of moss lay sunbeam-sprinkled.\n\nAnd the Autumn with his gipsy-coated\r\nTroop of days beneath thy branches rested,\r\nSwarthy-faced and dark of eye; and throated\r\nSongs of hunting; or with red hand tested\r\nEvery nut-bur that above him floated.\n\nThen the Winter, barren-browed, but rich in\r\nShaggy followers of frost and freezing,\r\nMade the floor of thy broad boughs his kitchen,\r\nTrapper-like, to camp in; grimly easing\r\nLimbs snow-furred and moccasoned with lichen.\n\nNow", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.8110765814781189, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.5330901741981506, "generated_summary": "The eponymous novel of the same name, \"The Tale of the Countess of the Valley\" is a story of a young woman who is swept up in the life of Count Claudette. She is accompanied by her husband, a sailor, and a beautiful young woman, who is the daughter of Claude. The story is about a woman who has been swept away by the lordship of the valley, and who is now a widow.", "reference_summary": "Lissa was more attracted to the charming Frenchman Paul de Gue than she had even been to anyone - but still she wasn't quite sure if her feelings for him went deep enough for marriage. So she was glad to accept his invitation to his family chateau so that she could meet his relatives and try to make up her mind about him.\nUnfortunately this also involved meeting the head of the family, the austere Comte de Gue, who made it clear that he regarded Lissa as noting but a cheap little gold-digger whom he did not want marrying into his aristocratic family! He couldn't actually stop her marrying Paul"}
{"id": "literary_174", "title": "Rx: A Tale of Electronegativity", "text": "VI planet didn't quite register with anybody, just then.\r\nTen minutes later the Red Doctor reached for the results of the Initial\n\ncard sat in the slot with a wide black stripe across it.\r\nJenkins snapped on the intercom. \"Wally,\" he yelped. \"Better get up\n\ncan we get a crash-call from this?\"\r\n\"You tell me,\" said Jenkins.\r\n\"Wait a minute. Seems to me there was some sort of nasty business\u2014\"\r\nJenkins nodded heavily. \"There sure was. Five successive attempts\n\nsomebody in that last crew spilled the beans before they shot him.\"\r\n\"Obviously.\"\r\n\"Well, what are we doing on automatics? We're not going there, are\n\nsurgery\u2014were able to handle the problems on the spot and by themselves.\r\nIt was a rugged service for a single planet to provide, and it was\n\neverything that he saw. \"You make sick people well?\"\r\n\"That's the general idea.\"\r\n\"All right.\" He poked a hairy finger at a shuttle car perched outside.\n\nPurple-Hat glaring at them malignantly as they passed.\r\nAguar halted them at the door-way. \"His Eminence will see you,\" he\n\ngrowled.\r\n\"Who is His Eminence?\" Jenkins asked.\r\n\"The Lord High Emperor of All Morua and Creator of the Galaxies,\" Aguar\n\ncan never die. When you enter, bow,\" he added.\r\nThe Tenth Son of a Tenth Son couldn't have cared less whether they\n\neither side of the bed braziers flickered with sickly greenish light.\r\nHis Eminence looked up at them from bloodshot eyes and greeted them\n\nhappens, though, if he just up and does?\"\r\nAguar's paw came down with a clatter on the hilt of his sword. \"He\n\nDoc.\"\r\nJenkins nodded grimly. \"What does it look like to you?\"\r\n\"How should I know? I've never seen a healthy Moruan before, to say\n\nnothing of a sick one. It looks like a pox all right.\"\r\n\"Probably a viremia of some sort.\" Jenkins went over the great groaning\n\nnew ones\u2014\"\r\nJenkins turned to Aguar. \"How long has this gone on?\"\r\n\"For days,\" the Moruan growled. \"He can't speak. He grows hot and\n\ncannot eat. He moans until the Palace trembles.\"\r\n\"What about your own doctors?\"\r\nAg", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.23459671437740326, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The rebirth of the universe is a story of a young man who has been a part of the galaxy for many years. He is unable to live on his own, and he is not sure how to survive. He has been in the galaxy since the age of ten, and has been the only one to have a chance to be alive.", "reference_summary": "Red is a chemical beta tester. It's a nice way of saying 'professional drug addict.'\nBut that's not a problem: Everybody in the Four Posts is nursing an addiction to something. In fact, the city's entire economy is based on Presence -- a chemical hallucinogen that lets the user peek into history. Red's talent for mixing new and interesting narcotic concoctions is usually good for a quick buck and a cheap laugh, but this time something's gone wrong, and after huffing a new prototype strain of Presence from Hockner Industries, he's awoken to find himself in violation of a Non-Disclosure Agreemen"}
{"id": "literary_175", "title": "My Arctic Journal: A Year Among Ice-Fields and Eskimos", "text": "remarkable chapter to the history of Arctic exploration.\r\nThe main results of Mr. Peary\u2019s journey were:\r\nThe determination of the rapid convergence of the shores of\n\ngave a sign at the time of her fears, lest it should disturb me.\r\nThe other picture is that of a scene perhaps a month or\n\nice to-day brought in sixteen birds in a very short time.\r\nWednesday, July 22. Drs. Hughes and Sharp brought in\n\nnaked eye, and we are in doubt as to what it is.\r\nFriday, July 24. The steamer did not materialize; either\n\na tent for our disabled commander, whence he can superintend the erection of the structure. The men are working in\n\nsound of the hammer and the whistling of the boys.\r\nThree or four hours after the \u201cKite\u201d left McCormick Bay\n\nMock-turtle soup.\r\nStew of little auk with green peas.\r\nBroiled breasts of eider-duck.\r\nBoston baked beans, corn, tomatoes.\r\nApricot pie, plum-duff with brandy sauce.\r\nSliced peaches.\r\nCoffee.\n\nbirds are called, and bring back as many birds as possible.\r\nDuring their absence Matt was at work on our protection\n\nonly in case we were unsuccessful in getting deer.\r\nA few days after this, early in the morning, Ikwa came\n\nwounded; but as Ikwa said we should be sure to find \u201camis-su-ar\u201d (plenty) \u201cawick\u201d in the gulf, we did not wait for them\n\nseventy-five or a hundred to fight while the rest plunged.\r\nIkwa had evidently never seen so many \u201cawick\u201d at one\n\nthe fox-traps, and as usual found no foxes had been near them.\r\nSunday, October 4. Nothing of any consequence has taken\n\nwhile the cliffs across the bay were black in the dark shadow.\r\nThe boys brought the \u201cMary Peary\u201d up and turned her\n\nnortherly family of Greenland, and consequently of the globe.\r\n76Mr. Peary and I are having great times keeping house by\n\ngoodly supply of heat to the lowest stratum of the atmosphere.\r\nThe shell of the house is made of inch boards, lined inside\n\nsays he will be all right in a day or two.\r\nOur house looks like a huge snow-drift from a little distance,\n\nme) terrible odor", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.5971819162368774, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.5072561502456665, "generated_summary": "The epoch of the Arctic exploration is marked by the discovery of a new civilization, and the discovery that the world has been replete with a multitude of creatures.", "reference_summary": "Wife of self-proclaimed North Pole discoverer Robert Edwin Peary, Josephine Peary was the first woman apart from the Inuit to take part in an Arctic expedition. My Arctic Journal, unavailable for nearly a century, is Peary's memoir of the time she spent, from June of 1891 to August of 1892, accompanying her husband and his exploration party across the northernmost expanses of Greenland. Peary recounts in detail the hardships of life in the frozen North, and describes at length the customs of the Inuit natives, among whom she spent a great deal of time. She also tells of her experiences hunting"}
{"id": "literary_176", "title": "Treasure Trail", "text": "said a child could ride him.\u201d\r\n\u201cYou\u2019d better take him, then. I don\u2019t want him,\u201d retorted Margaret\r\n\u201cThis one may be even more domestic. What in the world are you going\n\nYou\u2019re not afraid of the law, are you?\u201d\r\n\u201cI am, indeed. I\u2019ve seen it work,\u201d Elliott replied; but he slipped the\n\nshowed where wagons had sunk hub-deep a few days before.\r\nA fresh wind blew in their faces, coming strong and pure from the\n\nsaturated with failure\u2014and it was to be the last ride.\r\nMargaret broke in upon his meditations. \u201cPlease give me the gun,\u201d she\n\nand the pinto pony capered at the report.\r\n\u201cBetter let me hold your horse for you,\u201d Elliott commented, with a\n\nsubmission, and she had him subjected before he overtook her.\r\n\u201cIt\u2019s easier than it looks,\u201d Margaret instructed him, kindly. \u201cYou\n\nit? It\u2019s the Greek ideal\u2014action and culture at once.\u201d\r\n\u201cIt may be Greek. But I know it would startle the Atlantic coast.\u201d\r\n\u201cI don\u2019t care for the Atlantic coast. Or\u2014yes, I do. I\u2019m going to tell\n\nto look at him.\r\n\u201cI\u2019m afraid I must.\u201d\r\n\u201cWhen are you going, and where?\u201d she demanded, almost peremptorily.\r\n\u201cI don\u2019t exactly know. I had thought of trying mining again,\u201d with a\n\naimlessly over the surface; and she said nothing.\r\n\u201cI suppose you know that the bottom\u2019s dropped out of the land boom in\n\nclosed up yesterday.\u201d\r\n\u201cYou don\u2019t mean that you have\u2014\u201d\r\n\u201cFailed? Busted? I do. I\u2019ve got exactly eighty-two dollars in the\n\nhalf-incredulously.\r\n\u201cYou don\u2019t appear to mind it much, at least.\u201d\r\n\u201cNo? Well, you see it\u2019s happened so often before that I\u2019m used to it.\n\nMargaret from her saddle to the doorway.\r\nIt was a perfect refuge. The storm rattled like buckshot on the roof\n\nin a lower tone, after a pause.\r\n\u201cI don\u2019t want to leave Lincoln.\u201d\r\n\u201cBut you said just now\u2014\u201d\r\n\u201cIt seems to me, by Jove, that I\u2019ve done nothing but leave places ever\n\nand got a job on the Denver Telegraph.\u201d\r\n\u201cAt a high salary, I suppose.\u201d\r\n\u201cSo high that it seemed a sort of gold mine, after Eastern rates. But\n\nit all playing the wheat market. I had a sure t", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.5433186888694763, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.5013753771781921, "generated_summary": "The epoch of the American Civil War is a time when the world was in turmoil. The world was a place where the world had been sunk hub-deep a few days before. Margaret, the young woman who grew up in the Midwest, was unable to find her way back to the United States. She was able to find a way to live in the United Kingdom, and to be a part of the world. But she was not alone.", "reference_summary": "Owner of Matey's Tavern, a popular brewpub-tavern in St. Augustine, Florida, Derick Keyes loves his adopted hometown and job. He also harbors a crush on a pirate captain.\nTour guide for the popular Pirate Pub Walking Tour, Christopher Easton portrays a pirate captain as he takes visitors on a guided tour of St. Augustine, stopping at certain taverns for a pint of grog and tales of the golden age of piracy. With a little liquid courage, Chris breaks the cycle when he talks to Derick. Things change between them. Derick wants a chance for more with Chris.\nDuring the Annual Pirate Festival, Derick"}
{"id": "literary_177", "title": "The Coming", "text": "[Pg 9]\r\nII\r\nThere was a knock on the study door.\r\n\u201cCome in,\u201d called the vicar rather sharply.\r\nThe whole household knew that on Sunday\n\nher solemnly over his spectacles.\r\nEdith hesitated.\r\nThe vicar mobilized an impatient eyebrow.\r\n\u201cIt\u2019s\u2014it\u2019s only that wretched man, John Smith.\u201d\r\n[Pg 12]\r\nMr. Perry-Hennington gave a little start of annoyance\n\ntime the vicar was within ten yards it had flown away.\r\n\u201cEven the strong souls fear you, sir,\u201d said the\n\nfrail casket.\u201d\r\n\u201cDon\u2019t talk nonsense,\u201d said the vicar sharply.\r\n\u201cMany a saint, many a hero, is borne on the wings\n\nfull of peril.\u201d\r\n\u201cYes, the path we are following is full of peril.\u201d\r\n\u201cWhom do you mean by \u2018we\u2019?\u201d said the vicar\n\nthen I would ask how do you know it for the truth?\u201d\r\n\u201cIt has been communicated by the Father.\u201d\r\n\u201cDon\u2019t be so free with the name of God,\u201d said the\n\ndivine it speaks only the truth.\u201d\r\n[Pg 27]\r\n\u201cHow do you know it is divine?\u201d\r\n\u201cHow do I know the grass is green, the sky blue,\n\nthe heather purple? How do I know the birds sing?\u201d\r\n\u201cThat is no answer,\u201d said the vicar. \u201cIt is open to\n\nsake of a further light upon the man\u2019s state of mind.\r\n\u201cYou claim to hear a divine voice. Is it for that\n\nsuch appalling blasphemies?\u201d\r\nJohn Smith smiled again in his odd way.\r\n\u201cYou speak like the men of old time,\u201d he said\n\nand corruption.\u201d\r\n\u201cAs was said of the prophets of old?\u201d\r\n\u201cYou claim to be a prophet?\u201d\r\n\u201cYes, I claim to be a prophet.\u201d\r\n\u201cThat is interesting.\u201d There was a sudden change\n\nthe man it was by no means clear that he had succeeded.\r\n\u201cYou follow your conscience, sir,\u201d he said with a\n\nin amazement. \u201cWhat door?\u201d\r\n\u201cThe door for all mankind.\u201d\r\n\u201cYou speak in riddles.\u201d\r\n\u201cFor the present let them so remain. But I will\n\nand I have come to pray for Germany.\u2019\u201d\r\nThe vicar could only gaze in silence at John Smith.\r\n\u201cAnd I said: \u2018Certainly, I am very glad to pray for\n\nSmith at home?\u201d gurgled an inaudible \u201cYiss surr.\u201d\r\n\u201cIs that the vicar?\u201d said a faint voice.\r\nMr. Perry-Hennington said reassuringly that it\n\nwas struck by it at onc", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.4837978780269623, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The epoch of the first century is marked by the arrival of the aristocratic world. Then, in the second century, the world was re-established as a place of worship and a sanctuary for the faithful. But the world has been reformed into a new world, and the world is now a savagely beautiful place.", "reference_summary": "Daniel Black is at the top of his literary game with The Coming, a novel that National Book Award-winning author Charles\nJohnson (Middle Passage) calls \"powerful and beautiful\" and \"a work to be proud of.\"\nLyrical, poetic, and hypnotizing, The Comingtells the story of a people's capture and sojourn from their homelandacross the Middle Passage--a traumatic trip that exposed the strength and\nresolve of the African spirit. Extreme conditions produce extraordinary insight, and only after being stripped of everything do they discover the unspeakable\nbeauty they once took for granted. This powerful,"}
{"id": "literary_178", "title": "Japanese Prints", "text": "\"To see a World in a grain of sand,\r\nAnd a Heaven in a wild flower;\r\nHold infinity in the palm of your hand,\r\nAnd Eternity in an hour.\"\n\nAnd all this Bash\u014d has given us in his seventeen syllables.\r\nAll of Bash\u014d's poems have these three meanings. Again and again we\n\nlesson Bash\u014d can teach us.\r\nThat is not to say, that, by taking the letter for the spirit, we should\n\nThere is faint sound of quavering strings,\r\nThe reedy murmurs of a flute,\r\nThe soft sigh of the wind through silken garments;\n\nAll these are mingled\r\nWith the breeze that drifts away,\r\nFilled with thin petals of cherry blossom,\r\nLike tinkling laughter dancing away in sunlight.\n\nShe is an iris,\r\nDark purple, pale rose,\r\nUnder the gnarled boughs\r\nThat shatter their stars of bloom.\r\nShe waves delicately\r\nWith the movement of the tree.\n\nOf long nights lit with orange lanterns,\r\nOf wine cups and compliments and kisses of the two-sword men.\r\nAnd of dawn when weary sleepers\r\nLie outstretched on the mats of the palace,\r\nAnd of the iris stalk that is broken in the fountain.\n\nAutumn winds roll through the dry leaves\r\nOn her garments;\r\nAutumn birds shiver\r\nAthwart star-hung skies.\r\nUnder the blossoming plum-tree,\r\nShe expresses the pilgrimage\r\nOf grey souls passing,\r\nAthwart love's scarlet maples\r\nTo the ash-strewn summit of death.\n\n\"And the prince came to the craggy rock\r\nBut saw only hissing waves\r\nSo he rested all day amid them.\"\n\nDownward the sun strikes amid them\r\nAnd enkindles a lone flower;\r\nA violet iris standing yet in seething pools of grey.\n\nBut in his heart all the while is another knowledge,\r\nThe sorrow of the bleakness of the long wet winter night.\n\nOne life is a long summer;\r\nTall hollyhocks stand proud upon its paths;\r\nLittle yellow waves of sunlight,\r\nBring scarlet butterflies.\n\nAnother life is a brief autumn,\r\nFierce storm-rack scrawled with lightning\r\nPassed over it\r\nLeaving the naked bleeding earth,\r\nStabbed with the swords of the rain.\n\nHe clinches his fist\r\nLike a twisted snake;\r\nCoiling itself", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.6583768129348755, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.5154034495353699, "generated_summary": "The first book in the series of books by author and poet Bash, this is a collection of poems that are based on the works of poets and writers.", "reference_summary": "Ukiyo-e: 139 reproductions, grouped by artist, each accompanied by a detailed commentary This volume reproduces 139 Japanese woodblock colour prints by 43 famous masters of ukiyo-e, the popular art of the 17th to the 19th century. The originals are in the Riccar Art Museum in Tokyo, the world s largest and most celebrated collection of such prints. On account of their rarity and value, 87 of them have been designated Japanese National Treasures or Major National Cultural Heritage Items. The introductory essay, \"Ukiyo-e - Origins and History,\" by the Curator of the Riccar Art Museum, Mitsunobu "}
{"id": "literary_179", "title": "Captain John Smith: A Select Edition of His Writings", "text": "as becomes one of our line.\u201d\r\n\u201cAnd thus will I one day,\u201d said the lad earnestly.\r\n\u201cNay, nay child!\u201d quickly rejoined the man.\n\n\u201cThe fifteenth day of July,\r\nWith glistening spear and shield,\r\nA famous fight in Flanders,\r\nWas foughten in the field.\r\nThe most courageous officers\r\nWere English captains three,\r\nBut the bravest man in battel\r\nWas the brave Lord Willoughbie.\u201d\n\nthe sudden death of his father upset his plan.\r\n[31]\r\nMaster Smith left the farm to his son John, but\n\nand there lay our plans for the future. It is agreed?\u201d\r\nAgreed! Why John was fairly ready to fall on\n\nbreast accompanying the thrust with the remark:\r\n\u201cThat for your friend Nelie, if you please!\u201d\r\nAlmost immediately he repeated the action,\n\ncastle and estates of Tonquedec.\u201d\r\n\u201cTruly,\u201d replied John, \u201cbut where is Tonquedec?\u201d\r\nPhilip lay back in his chair and laughed long and\n\nto try conclusions with yon animal.\u201d\r\n\u201cYou would ride it!\u201d cried the Earl in amazement.\r\n\u201cWith your lordship\u2019s consent I would essay\n\nto prepare for an attack as soon as night should fall.\r\nIn the meanwhile our hero\u2019s busy brain had been\n\nbecome willing to release him and aid in his escape.\r\nBut affairs took a turn that neither of the young\n\n\u201cstood wondering at him as he had been a monster.\u201d\r\nAt the farther end of the wigwam, upon a platform,\n\npoised ready for the signal to dash out his brains.\r\nPowhatan was in the act of raising his hand in the", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.7290219664573669, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.5213006138801575, "generated_summary": "The epoch of the first book in the series is marked by the arrival of a new generation of readers. The first book, \"The Adventures of the Greatest Man,\" was published in 1899. It is the first novel to be published in the United States. The second book, titled \"The Legend of the King of England,\" was written in 1905.", "reference_summary": "Captain John Smith was one of the most insightful and colorful writers to visit America in the colonial period. While his first venture was in Virginia, some of his most important work concerned New England and the colonial enterprise as a whole.\nThe publication in 1986 of Philip Barbour's three-volume edition of Smith's works made available the complete Smith opus. In Karen Ordahl Kupperman's new edition her intelligent and imaginative selection and thematic arrangement of Smith's most important writings will make Smith accessible to scholars, students, and general readers alike. Kupperman's "}
{"id": "literary_180", "title": "Clematis", "text": "1.\u201cAre you going to sit here all day, little girl?\u201d\r\n2.\u201cI don't want to stay here if you're going to throw my cat away.\u201d\r\n3.With Katie in the kitchen.\r\n4.Thinking of the land of flowers.\r\n5.Clematis held out her hand.\r\n6.Clematis is better.\r\n7.Off for Tilton.\r\n8.In the country at last.\r\n9.The little red hen.\r\n10.Clematis watched the little fishes by the shore.\r\n11.\u201cI shan't be afraid.\u201d\r\n12.A little girl was coming up the path.\r\n13.Deborah was very hungry.\r\n14.\u201cDidn't you ever peel potatoes?\u201d\r\n15.\u201cWhat are you sewing?\u201d\r\n16.Clematis stuck one hand out.\r\n17.She could see the little fish.\r\n18.In Grandfather's house.\n\nasked Miss Rose.\r\n\u201cI don\u2019t kn-ow.\u201d\r\n\u201cWhere did you find it?\u201d\r\n\u201cDo-wn by the fe-ence.\u201d\r\n\u201cWhere is it now, Clematis?\u201d\n\nsaid, \u201cexcept\u2014\u201d\r\n\u201cExcept what?\u201d\r\n\u201cExcept that I ran away.\u201d\r\nClematis hung her head again.\r\n\u201cWhy did you run away?\u201d\r\n\u201cWell, wouldn\u2019t you run away,\n\nwell enough to sit up.\r\n\u201cWhat do you suppose?\u201d\r\n\u201cIt looks like a dress.\u201d\r\n\u201cThat\u2019s just what it is. It\u2019s\n\nand on, into the highest heaven.\r\nClematis drew a long breath.\r\n\u201cIt is lovely,\u201d she whispered.\r\nNot far from where they\n\nwhen Clematis had a great surprise.\r\nIt was a letter from Miss Rose.\r\n\u201cOh, read it to me, read it to", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.7006781101226807, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.5162596106529236, "generated_summary": "A young woman who has been a teacher for many years, she is a devoted mother. She is the only one who can teach her daughter how to be a good teacher. But when she discovers that her daughter is not a great teacher, she decides to help her daughter.", "reference_summary": "Husband and wife, Ernest Cobb (1877-1964) and Bertha Browning Cobb (1867-1951), were American children's book authors. They founded the Arlo Publishing Company, through which many of their works were published. Together they wrote: The Busy Builder's Book (1912), Arlo (1915), Clematis (1917), Anita: A Story of the Rocky Mountains (1920), Pathways of European Peoples (1922), Allspice: The Adventures of Daddy Fox, Ginger Bear, The Miller and The Miller's Wife (1924), Who Knows? A Book of Puzzle Stories with New Verses for Dramatic Reading (1924), Dan's Boy (1926), Pennie (1927), Andre (1930), On"}
{"id": "literary_181", "title": "The Tale of Squirrel Nutkin", "text": "squirrels came out of the wood, and down to the edge of the lake.\r\nRafting to the Island\r\nThey made little rafts out of twigs, and they paddled away over the water\n\nto Owl Island to gather nuts.\r\nEach squirrel had a little sack and a large oar, and spread out his tail\n\nfor a sail.\r\nThe First Offering\r\nThey also took with them an offering of three fat mice as a present for\n\nOld Brown, and put them down upon his door-step.\r\nThen Twinkleberry and the other little squirrels each made a low bow, and\n\n\"Riddle me, riddle me, rot-tot-tote!\r\nA little wee man, in a red red coat!\r\nA staff in his hand, and a stone in his throat;\r\nIf you'll tell me this riddle, I'll give you a groat.\"\n\nwhatever to Nutkin.\r\nHe shut his eyes obstinately and went to sleep.\r\nFilling the Sacks\r\nThe squirrels filled their little sacks with nuts, and sailed away home in\n\nsome more nuts?\"\r\nTickling with a Nettle\r\nBut Nutkin, who had no respect, began to dance up and down, tickling old\n\n\"Old Mr. B! Riddle-me-ree!\r\nHitty Pitty within the wall,\r\nHitty Pitty without the wall;\r\nIf you touch Hitty Pitty,\r\nHitty Pitty will bite you!\"\n\nMr. Brown woke up suddenly and carried the mole into his house.\r\nShut the Door in His Face\r\nHe shut the door in Nutkin's face. Presently a little thread of blue\n\nbeech-stump playing marbles, and watching the door of old Mr. Brown.\r\nFishing for Minnows\r\nOn the third day the squirrels got up very early and went fishing; they\n\ncaught seven fat minnows as a present for Old Brown.\r\nThey paddled over the lake and landed under a crooked chestnut tree on Owl\n\n\"The man in the wilderness said to me,\r\n'How many strawberries grow in the sea?'\r\nI answered him as I thought good\u2014\r\n'As many red herrings as grow in the wood.'\"\n\nwas provided for him.\r\nThe Fourth Offering\r\nOn the fourth day the squirrels brought a present of six fat beetles,\n\n\"Old Mr. B! riddle-me-ree\r\nFlour of England, fruit of Spain,\r\nMet together in a shower of rain;\r\nPut in a bag tied round with a string,\r\nIf you'll tell me thi", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.72240149974823, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.5149430632591248, "generated_summary": "The story of Twinkleberry and the other little squirrels is a tale of love, friendship, and the power of the squirrel.", "reference_summary": "All the squirrels in the wood set out on little rafts to Owl Island bearing gifts for Mr Brown, the resident owl, in exchange for sackfuls of nuts. As they politely present the offerings, Squirrel Nutkin jigs up and down, chanting riddles. Mr Brown ignores him until the sixth day."}
{"id": "literary_182", "title": "Democracy in America - Volume 2", "text": "The Americans live in a democratic state of society, which has naturally\r\n      suggested to them certain laws and a certain political character. This\r\n      same state of society has, moreover, engendered amongst them a multitude\r\n      of feelings and opinions which were unknown amongst the elder aristocratic\r\n      communities of Europe: it has destroyed or modified all the relations\r\n      which before existed, and established others of a novel kind. The\u2014aspect\r\n      of civil society has been no less affected by these changes than that of\r\n      the political world. The former subject has been treated of in the work on\r\n      the Democracy of America, which I published five years ago; to examine the\r\n      latter is the object of the present book; but these two parts complete\r\n      each other, and form one and the same work.\n\nI must at once warn the reader against an error which would be extremely\r\n      prejudicial to me. When he finds that I attribute so many different\r\n      consequences to the principle of equality, he may thence infer that I\r\n      consider that principle to be the sole cause of all that takes place in\r\n      the present age: but this would be to impute to me a very narrow view. A\r\n      multitude of opinions, feelings, and propensities are now in existence,\r\n      which owe their origin to circumstances unconnected with or even contrary\r\n      to the principle of equality. Thus if I were to select the United States\r\n      as an example, I could easily prove that the nature of the country, the\r\n      origin of its inhabitants, the religion of its founders, their acquired\r\n      knowledge, and their former habits, have exercised, and still exercise,\r\n      independently of democracy, a vast influence upon the thoughts and\r\n      feelings of that people. Different causes, but no less distinct from the\r\n      circumstance of the equality of conditions, might be traced in Europe, and\r\n      would explain a great portion of the occurrences tak", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.42248234152793884, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The American Revolution is a book of essays by the author, and is based on the life of the American Revolution.", "reference_summary": "This book was converted from its physical edition to the digital format by a community of volunteers. You may find it for free on the web. Purchase of the Kindle edition includes wireless delivery."}
{"id": "literary_183", "title": "Devil's Garden", "text": "the blocks. Perhaps this envelope contained his fate.\r\nSoon the stamping was finished; the sorting went on steadily and methodically;\n\ntime, as usual.\r\n\"Now then, my lads, off with you.\"\r\nThe postmen had come into the sorting-room, and were packing their bags and\n\nstood on the outer threshold, and looked up and down the street.\r\nTo his left the ground sloped downward through a narrowing perspective of\n\nJuly morning rose unstained to measureless arches of blue.\r\nAs always in this early hour of the day, the postmaster thought of his own\n\nbusiness of the state.\r\nBut how long would he be permitted to feel like this? Could it be possible that\n\nthe end of his importance was near at hand?\r\nOn Her Majesty's Service! He opened the envelope, unfolded the folio sheet\n\nbody seemed to rush to his head.\r\n\"I am to inform you that you are temporarily suspended.\" And in the pompous\n\nlanguage of headquarters he was further informed that the person appointed to take over control would arrive at Rodchurch Road\n\nin person, \"agreeable to his request.\"\r\nWhy had they suspended him? Surely it would have been more usual if they had\n\nperspiration that had suddenly moistened his skin.\r\nHe was a big man of thirty-five; a type of the strong-limbed, quick-witted\n\nforbidding.\r\n\"Good marnin', sir.\"\r\nOne of the helpers at the Roebuck stables had come slouching past.\r\n\"Good mornin', Samuel.\"\r\nIt was still music to the ears of the postmaster when people addressed him as\n\nseeking it, or even going half-way to meet it.\r\nAnd he thought, tolerantly, that you can not have everything in this world. Your\n\nstation, his domestic comfort, and his pretty wife.\r\nAs he thought of his wife all his reflections grew tender. She was probably still\n\nhe was careful not to disturb her.\r\nHis official clothes lay waiting for him on a chair in the kitchen. They had been\n\nherself an efficient valet.\r\nShe ventured to ask a question when Mr. Dale was about to leave the kitchen.\r\n\"Any news, sir?\"\r\n\"News!\" Mr. Dale echoed the wo", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.39814069867134094, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The story of the postmaster and his wife is a fascinating tale of the complexities of the American postmaster's life.", "reference_summary": "San Francisco, September 1921: Silent-screen comedy star Roscoe \"Fatty\" Arbuckle is throwing a wild party in his suite at the St. Francis Hotel: girls, jazz, bootleg hooch . . . and a dead actress named Virginia Rappe. The D.A. says it was Arbuckle who killed her ? crushing her under his weight ? and brings him up on manslaughter charges. William Randolph Hearst's newspapers stir up the public and demand a guilty verdict. But what really happened? Why do so many people at the party seem to have stories that conflict? Why is the prosecution hiding witnesses? Why are there body parts missing fro"}
{"id": "literary_184", "title": "The Answer", "text": "heart\u2014that told him he was here, here in his wife's apartment.\r\nIt was so late. It was that dark hour when the planets themselves\n\nIt was over. She belonged to\u2014\r\nWhy? Why had she left him?\r\nHe couldn't remember. He tried, but he couldn't remember. He couldn't\n\nred-head at the desk downstairs?\r\nHe couldn't even remember two minutes ago.\r\nHe stood there in the hot windless dark, listening to Lisa's soft\n\nof his brain. He just knew what he had to do and he did it.\r\nHe walked over to the bed and strangled Lisa.\r\nIt wasn't bad, but the long moment afterwards was.\r\nThe room was just the same. The windless heat, the jealous scent of\n\nmade him shudder.\r\nIt rang and rang.\r\nAnswer it.\r\nIt was a prickling voice in his mind. No, it wasn't. It was a tiny\n\neardrum:\r\nAnswer it!\r\nIt was Lisa. He recognized her voice.\r\nHe pulled up sharply, tossing a heavy breath across the bed.\r\nLisa, you fool! If I answer it, then they'll know I was here. They'll\n\nit ring like that. It's somehow\u2014sacrilegious. Please, darling.\r\nIt was true. If Lisa were alive she wouldn't leave her telephone\n\nloved John!\r\nHe didn't move, so the ghost in his ear began to taunt him.\r\nYou always used to want to know who was calling me, John. You used to\n\nstrangling Lisa.\r\nBut the telephone was the worst thing.\r\nHe didn't like to strangle Lisa, it was definitely not the act of\n\nof a gentleman to try to hold her if she wanted to go, even for one day.\r\nBut it hurt. It had clawed his heart all that night, and the next, and\n\ntelephone and finding out who was calling. He had to know.\r\nLisa's ghost pleaded and begged him to answer it. Her telephone mania\n\nin life had extended itself beyond the grave. She had to know, too.\r\nAnswer it, darling. You always have to know everything....\r\nNo, damn you! He fought her, at first. Then they'll know I was here!\n\nThey'll pin your murder on me! They'll strap me in a chair and\u2014\r\nAll the same, he knew he had to answer that telephone, no matter what\n\nsummer heat was stifling, it was like an ", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.2293950468301773, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The first book in the series of books by John Sullivan, the author of the bestseller \"The Ghost in the Phone\" (1996), is a story of a man who was murdered by his ghost. He was a young man who had been a solitary spirit for many years. His ghost was unable to find any way to escape from the ghost's presence. He had been trapped in a cell for a long time and was able to escape with the help of his ghost, but he was resurrected by the ghost.", "reference_summary": "This New York Timesbest-selling storybook by Steven Universecreator Rebecca Sugar explores the meaning of love as Ruby and Sapphire look to build a new life on a strange planet called Earth. Dazzling illustrations from show artists Elle Michalka and Tiffany Ford capture Ruby and Sapphire's wonder and surprise as their story takes a course that fate never planned for them. The Answeris not only a charming love story, but also tells the origin of Garnet, leader of the Crystal Gems."}
{"id": "literary_185", "title": "The Neighbors", "text": "THE ANSWER OF LUDLOW STREET\r\n\u201cYou get the money, or out you go! I ain\u2019t in the business for me health,\u201d\n\nthe stairs, as he went down, bore witness that he meant what he said.\r\nJudah Kapelowitz and his wife sat and looked silently at the little dark\n\nto wait for word that Judah was rich and expected them.\r\nThe wealth he found in Ludlow Street was all piled on his push-cart, and\n\nOnce they were together, all their troubles would be at an end.\r\nIn the poor tenement the peddler lay awake till far into the night,\n\nafternoon the landlord called for the rent.\r\nAnother tiny wail came from the old baby carriage in which the twins\n\nlights were beginning to come out. Judah rose heavily from his seat.\r\n\u201cI go get money,\u201d he said, slowly.[Pg 8] \u201cI work for Mr. Springer two days. He\n\nwill give me money.\u201d And he went out.\r\nMr. Springer was the boss painter. He did not give Judah his wages. He had\n\nhe would not go, kicked him.\r\n\u201cLook out for that Jew, John,\u201d he said, putting up the shutters. \u201cWe shall\n\ndesperate.\u201d\r\nMr. Springer was, it will be perceived, a man of discernment.\r\nJudah Kapelowitz lay down beside his wife at night without a word of\n\nshe did not know that he had hidden the tallith under his apron.\r\nHe did not leave the house, but, when the door was closed, went up to the\n\nhis lap held only a few coppers.\r\nThere was a jam of vehicles on the avenue and the crush increased. Among\n\nplayed the tune to the end. At the repetition of the refrain,\r\n\u201cOh, darkies, how my heart grows weary,\r\nFar from the old folks at home,\u201d\r\na man in a wide-brimmed hat who had been listening intently emptied his\n\npockets into the old man\u2019s lap and disappeared in the crowd.\r\nTraffic on street and avenue had ceased; not a wheel turned. From street\n\ninto its owner\u2019s hands and with a low \u201cMerry Christmas, friend!\u201d was gone.\r\nThe policeman awoke and blew his whistle with a sudden blast, street cars\n\nhome-stretch: Mr. Riley had reformed.\r\nAnd, in truth, so it seemed. For once he was as good as his word.\n\n", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.5007777214050293, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The story of a young man who is a snobby, sexy, and a little bit smitten with his wife.", "reference_summary": "Andrew Morrison sacrificed everything--his childhood, his education, and the girl of his dreams--to look after his alcoholic mother. But enough is enough, and now he's determined to get out and live his life. That means trading the home he grew up in for a rented room in the house of an old childhood friend-- both of which are in sorry shape.\nThe only thing worse than Drew's squalid new digs and sullen new roommate is the envy he feels for the house next door: a picture-perfect suburban domicile straight out of Norman Rockwell, with a couple of happy householders to match. But the better acqua"}
{"id": "literary_186", "title": "The Aztec Treasure-House: A Lost Race Novel", "text": "Who'd hear great marvels told\u2014\r\nCome listen now!\r\nWho longs for hidden gold\u2014\r\nCome listen now!\r\nWho joys in well-fought fights,\r\nWho yearns for wondrous sights,\r\nWho pants for strange delights\u2014\r\nCome listen now!\n\nFor here are marvels told\r\nTo listen to!\r\nHere tales of hidden gold\r\nTo listen to!\r\nHere gallant men wage fights,\r\nHere pass most wondrous sights,\r\nHere's that which ear delights\r\nTo listen to!\n\nProfessor Thomas Palgrave, Ph.D. (Leipsic), is given to the world.\r\nUpon this work I say that I have been engaged for ten years. Rather\n\ncould be pursued to such advantage as they could be pursued here.\r\nFrom a fellow-arch\u00e6ologist in the City of Mexico I brought a letter of\n\nthe information that you seek, even as it is.\"\r\n\"And who is this Fray Antonio, se\u00f1or?\"\r\n\"He is the man who of all men can give you the wisest help in your\n\nAntonio are permitted at times to dwell upon this sinful earth.\"\r\nDon Rafael spoke with a depth of feeling and a reverence of tone that\n\nvigor in Mexico only a little more than half that many centuries ago.\r\nWe turned off from the Calle Principal by the little old church of La\n\ncourteously stood aside and motioned to me to enter the sacristy.\r\nFrom the shadowy church I passed at a step into a small vaulted room\n\nwhen I beheld him was that which God granted to him in the end.\r\nSome men being thus broken in upon while in the very act of communing\n\nfuller than the tones of words.\r\nDon Rafael, standing without the door that he had opened in order that I\n\nthe aid in prosecuting it that he so well could give.\r\nPerhaps it was that Fray Antonio understood how wholly my heart already\n\nI desired, and had promised to give me his aid.\r\n\"The se\u00f1or already has a book-knowledge of our native tongues. That is\n\ndoes the se\u00f1or read with ease our ancient Spanish script?\"\r\n\"I have never attempted it,\" I answered. \"But as I can read easily the\n\nhave no great difficulty in reading the old script also.\"\r\nFray Antonio smiled a little as he glanced at Don Rafael, who", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.5104867815971375, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The story of a young man who is a sailor and a pirate, and whose life is ruined by the death of his father.", "reference_summary": "The Aztec Treasure-House, billed as \"A Romance of Contemporaneous Antiquity,\" is a lost-race novel, as the narrator travels to Mexico and finds a lost tribe of Aztecs, hidden treasure, and gold. Thomas Allibone Janvier (1849-1913) was an American story-writer and historian, born in Philadelphia of Provencal descent. His father in law was Philadelphia businessman and poet Francis De Haes Janvier. He received a public school education, then worked in Philadelphia for newspapers from 1870-81. He became interested in the West and Mexico, and went on to pen several novels and non-fiction works on t"}
{"id": "literary_187", "title": "From the Ball-Room to Hell", "text": "speak, and leave the result with Him whose I am and whom I serve.\r\nMany will, doubtless, object to the book on account of the plainness of\n\ndances which are the popular fads of the day.[Pg 6]\r\nI merely tell you these things to prove to you that I know whereof I\n\nquestion has been repeatedly asked me: \"Is there any harm in dancing?\"\r\nAnd letters innumerable have been coming in with questions to the same\n\nbeautiful daughter in the dancing academy or ball-room.\r\nLet us first take an instance from the \"select\" dancing academy, and\n\nthus begin at the root of the matter.\r\nHere is a beautiful young girl. Let me take her for an example.\r\nShe is the daughter of wealthy parents; they have been called to mourn\n\ndancing academy they hasten to place her under his instruction.\r\nAt first she seems shocked at the manner in which he embraces her to\n\nteach her the latest waltz.\r\nIt is her first experience in the arms of a strange man, with his limbs\n\nhow delightful it would be to feel his arm about her.\r\nThe evening at last comes; the uninteresting square dances are gone\n\nglide over the floor together as if the two were but one.\r\nWhen she raises her eyes, timidly at first, to that handsome but\n\nand grows to be the very essence of her life.\r\nIf a partner fails, through ignorance or innocence, to arouse in her\n\nwaltz becomes one long, sweet and purely sensual pleasure.\r\nThe more profitable things upon which she has been accustomed to spend\n\nschool, subjects which she would shrink from mentioning to her mother.\r\nO, foolish girl, if she had but remembered that her best friend was her\n\ndinners and early goings home (early in the morning, of course).\r\nThis evening there is to be a ball of unusual grandeur. The last of the\n\nknows of the ways of ball-room society.\r\nBut let us turn our attention again to the dancers, at two o'clock next\n\ndance for the night is ended, but not the evil work of the night.\r\nThe girl whose blood is hot from the exertion and whose every carnal\n\nrobbed of that most ", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.39502742886543274, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The first book in the series of books by the author, \"The Dancer\" is a story of a young girl who has been taught to dance by her parents. She is the daughter of wealthy parents and they have been called to mourn dancing academy; they haveten to place her under his instruction. At first she seems shocked at the manner in which he embraces her to teach her the latest waltz. It is her first experience in the arms of a strange man, with his limbs how delightful it would be to feel his arm about her.", "reference_summary": "Since my conversion from a dancing master and a servant of the \"Evil One\" to an earnest Christian and a servant of the Lord Jesus Christ, the question has been repeatedly asked me: \"Is there any harm in dancing?\" And letters innumerable have been coming in with questions to the same effect. The more I mingle with people outside the dancing circle the more forcibly I am made to realize how many there are who are seeking to know the truth concerning the evil of dancing, and how many thousands more who, if they are not seeking that knowledge, certainly ought to have it."}
{"id": "literary_188", "title": "The People of the Crater", "text": "of movement and an air of alertness.\r\n\"Aren't you Captain Garin Featherstone?\"\r\nStartled, the flyer nodded dumbly.\r\nFrom a plump billfold the man drew a clipping and\n\nto this country. Now I am preparing to sail south again.\"\r\n\"But I don't see\u2014\"\r\n\"How you can help me? Very simple, Captain Featherstone.\n\nwonder at the driving motive behind Farson's vague plans.\r\nWhen the supply ship sailed, not to return for a year,\n\na man who allowed one to eat regularly again.\r\nFour days later they set out. Helmly, one of the engineers,\n\nGarin, with the extra supplies, was alone in the third.\r\nHe was content to be alone as they took off across the\n\nvoice chattered in his earphones.\r\n\"That's it. Set course straight ahead.\"\r\nThe shadow grew until it became a wall of purple-blue\n\nhaze were a toxic gas?\r\n\"Close up, Featherstone!\" barked Farson suddenly.\r\nHe obediently drew ahead until they flew wing to wing.\n\nHis hands and feet still manipulated the ship, but it flew!\r\nOn the ship hurtled through the thickening mist. He\n\nwhirled again into the steady light of the green land.\r\nTrees came out of the ground, huge fern-like plants with\n\nmove lest the pain prove more than he could bear.\r\nIt was then that he heard the pattering sound outside.\n\nthat hundreds of the Folk must be gathered there.\r\n\"Urg!\" the being on the throne commanded.\r\nThe chieftain moved a step toward the dais.\r\n\"Do you take this youth and instruct him. And then\n\nto exchange grain for a liquid rubber produced by the Folk.\r\nThen there was the Gibi, a monstrous bee, also friendly\n\nthe blue wall of the crater which disputed the Folk's rule.\r\nAs Garin tried to probe further a gong sounded. Urg\n\narose.\r\n\"It is the hour of eating,\" he announced. \"Let us go.\"\r\nThey came to a large room where a heavy table of white\n\nAna eyed so wistfully that Garin gave it to the creature.\r\nThe Folk ate silently and arose quietly when they had\n\nat Garin, a gentle teasing in her voice as she explained:\r\n\"This is for the Daughter when she comes to her", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.3175899088382721, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The enigmatic and savage Captain Featherstone is a man who has been a fugitive for years. He is the only one who can survive the gruesome, brutal, and sometimes deadly consequences of his actions.", "reference_summary": "Andre Norton was a 20th century American writer best known for his historical fiction, such as Civil War military books and Westerns."}
{"id": "literary_189", "title": "The Dance (The Restoration Series #1)", "text": "\u00c6sthetic basis of the dance; national character expressed in dances; \u2018survival value\u2019 of dancing; primitive dance and sexual selection; professionalism in dancing\u2014Music and the dance; religion and the dance; historic analysis of folk-dancing and ballet.\n\nLack of art sense among the Hindoos; dancing and the Brahmin religion; the Apsarazases, Bayaderes and Devadazis; Hindoo music and the dance; dancing in modern India; Fakir dances; philosophic symbolism of the Indian dance.\n\nBiblical allusions; sacred dances; the Salome episode and its modern influence\u2014The Arabs; Moorish florescence in the Middle Ages; characteristics of the Moorish dances; the dance in daily life; the harem, the Dance of Greeting; pictorial quality of the Arab dances.xii\n\n\u00c6sthetic subservience to Greece; Pylades and Bathyllus; the Bellicrepa saltatio; the Ludiones; the Roman pantomime; the Lupercalia and Floralia; Bacchantic orgies; the Augustinian age; importations from Cadiz; famous dancers.\n\nThe medi\u00e6val eclipse; ecclesiastical dancing in Spain; the strolling ballets of Spain and Italy; suppression of dancing by the church; dances of the medi\u00e6val nobility; Renaissance court ballets; the English masques; famous masques of the seventeenth century.\n\nThe rise of nationalism\u2014The Spanish folk-dances: the Fandango; the Jota; the Bolero; the Seguidilla; other Spanish folk-dances; general characteristics; costumes\u2014England: the Morris dance; the Country dance; the Sword dance; the Horn dance\u2014Scotland: Scotch Reel, Hornpipe, etc.\u2014Ireland: the Jig; British social dances\u2014France: Rondo, Bourr\u00e9e and Farandole\u2014Italy: the Tarantella, etc.\u2014Hungary: the Czardas, Szolo and related dances; the Esthonians\u2014Germany: the Fackeltanz, etc.\u2014Finland; Scandinavia and Holland\u2014The Lithuanians, Poles and Southern Slavs; the Roumanians and Armenians\u2014The Russians: ballad dances; the Kasatchy and Kamarienskaya; conclusion.\n\nThe Pavane and the Courante; the Allemande and the Sarabande; the Minuet and the Gavotte; the Rigaudon and ot", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.8951141834259033, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.5426595211029053, "generated_summary": "The earliest known work of the poet, a relic of the saga of the \"Secret of the Man\" is a collection of poems by the poet and his wife, whose works are regarded as the most important in the history of literature.", "reference_summary": "Jim Anderson is a successful businessman, and his wife, Marilyn, is the perfect wife. And why wouldn't she be? He gives her everything she needs. That's why Jim never expected to come home one day and find Marilyn gone.\nAfter 27 years of marriage, Marilyn has had enough of feeling unloved and neglected. She wants to experience some measure of happiness before she's too old to enjoy it, even signing up for dance lessons, something Jim would never do. What will it take for Jim to finally become the man Marilyn needs him to be?\nCombining the literary talents of bestselling author Dan Walsh and th"}
{"id": "literary_190", "title": "A Human Element", "text": "him and his small suitcase it would be too late.\r\nAnd that would be that.\r\nThe transport slowed noiselessly to a stop and most of the passengers\n\ncourse, not the same as the real thing. Neither was the amphitheater.\r\nOnce there had been great canvas tents put up in the open air, and wood\n\nbook.\r\nThe circus was beginning and Kevin interrupted his reverie to watch.\r\nOn small elevated squares in the center of the great arena stood\n\ndisintegrated by a sudden rainbow fusion of all the rays.\r\nHe listened as the recorded commercials whispered their wiles to the\n\nthe man next to her without taking her eyes from the shining bubble.\r\n\"Can you see it, Jim?\"\r\n\"Yeah,\" the man answered softly.\r\n\"I always dreamed of playing a love scene with Dirk Anders. He's the\n\nthe naked look in the man's eager eyes.\r\nA child of nine or ten in front of Kevin clutched excitedly at the\n\ngirl in the first tier of seats.\r\nKevin waved to her.\r\nShe hid her face in her hands. And then waved shyly back.\r\nKevin skipped about the arena watching the people whispering among\n\nwaving to the children.\r\n\"Wave to me! Wave to me!\" cried a shrill voice from the stands.\r\nKevin did not see the robots approaching on the run and yet was not\n\nremembered.\r\n\"Are you crazy?\" the second man sputtered.\r\nKevin slowly removed the wig and the white skull piece and stood with\n\npiece, wiped the clown make-up from his face.\r\nBoth men, out of breath, paused and Kevin opened his mouth to speak. \"I\n\nwant to apolo\u2014,\" he began but Caldwell interrupted him.\r\n\"Hey, Mike,\" he said to the other man, \"Isn't this the guy whose\n\nwas not merely the result of his exertion in the arena moments before.\r\nHe stood quietly before the two men. The shouting from the arena did\n\nfrom the past and a clown was one of them.\r\nA circus without noise and fanfare and excitement and laughter was\n\nwould one day prove to be crawling with nightmares.\r\n\"\u2014something written about this a long time ago,\" Caldwell was saying\n\nfrustrations and all.\"\r\n\"But, sir\u2014\" the yo", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.24907903373241425, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The story of a young man who is a magician and has been a clown for years. He is the only one who can see the world from the perspective of he is unable to see the universe.", "reference_summary": "One by one, Laura Armstrong's friends and adoptive family members are being murdered, and despite her special healing powers, there is nothing she can do to stop it. The killer haunts her dreams and leaves cryptic notes advising her to use her powers to save herself because she's next. Determined to find the killer, she follows her visions to her hometown and the site of a crashed meteorite. There she meets Ben Fieldstone, who seeks answers about his parents' death the night the meteorite struck. In a race to stop a mad man, they unravel a frightening mystery that binds them together. But the "}
{"id": "literary_191", "title": "Maru", "text": "your tastes are simple and beyond the lure of whisky and civilisation.\r\nThe last trader had died in this paradise, of whisky, or gin\u2014I forget\n\nto me \u201cDo you believe in ghosts?\u201d\r\n\u201cDo you?\u201d replied I.\r\n\u201cI don\u2019t know,\u201d said Lygon. \u201cI almost think I do, because every one\n\neverywhere you will find ghost believers.\u201d\r\n\u201cLombrosso has written something like that,\u201d said I.\r\n\u201cHas he? Well it\u2019s a fact, but all the same it\u2019s not evidence, the\n\ntabu comes into it. This is it.\u201d\r\nAnd this is the story somewhat as told by Lygon.\r\nSome fifty years back when Pease was a pirate bold, and Hayes in his\n\nand wounded on that salt white strand.\r\nThat was the Spaniard. Then came a whaler who took what she wanted and\n\na little old schooner slank in one early morning.\r\nShe lay in the lagoon like a mangy dog, a humble ship, very unlike the\n\nthree were women, widows of men who had died of the smallpox.\r\nMaru was unmarried, and as the king of the community he might have\n\nwomen killed another man because he had brained the man of her fancy.\r\nThen the dead were buried in the lagoon\u2014Maru refusing to help because\n\nand breasted the tumble at the break.\r\nMaru standing aft saw the island with the white foam fighting the coral\n\nMaru into the silence of a new world.\r\nThey worked free of the Paumotus into the region of settled winds and\n\nor chief woman of her people now that her husband was dead.\r\nAnd Maru was able to tell her by degrees of what he could remember, of\n\ncanoes beached on the spume-white beach beneath the palms.\r\n\u201cSome day they will come,\u201d said Talia. She knew her people, those sea\n\nand crying at the break had one word, Maru, Maru, Maru.\r\nThen one day, swimming out near the bigger break in the reefs, a\n\nwas drawing them through the break towards the devouring sea.\r\nThey had to fight their way back; the ebb just beginning would soon be\n\ntwenty strokes of the beach when Talia cried out suddenly and sank.\r\nMaru, who was slightly in front, turned and found her gone. She had\n\nmoment that a shark h", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.3508099913597107, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The story of a young woman who is a pirate and has been a slave to the Spanish. She is unable to find her husband, and she is able to tell her people, those sea and crying at the break had one word, Maru, Mar U, MarU.", "reference_summary": "An orphaned Masarwa girl comes to Dilepe to teach, only to discover that in this remote Botswana village her people are treated as outcasts. In the love story and intrigue that follow, the author's exploration of racism draws upon her own experiences of growing up in South Africa."}
{"id": "literary_192", "title": "Inca Land: Explorations in the Highlands of Peru", "text": "Page viiPreface\r\nThe following pages represent some of the results of four journeys into the interior of Peru and also many explorations into\n\nthe labyrinth of early writings which treat of the Incas and their Land. Although my travels covered only a part of southern\n\nPeru, they took me into every variety of climate and forced me to camp at almost every altitude at which men have constructed\n\nhouses or erected tents in the Western Hemisphere\u2014from sea level up to 21,703 feet. It has been my lot to cross bleak Andean\n\npasses, where there are heavy snowfalls and low temperatures, as well as to wend my way through gigantic canyons into the\n\ndense jungles of the Amazon Basin, as hot and humid a region as exists anywhere in the world. The Incas lived in a land of\n\nviolent contrasts. No deserts in the world have less vegetation than those of Sihuas and Majes; no luxuriant tropical valleys\n\nhave more plant life than the jungles of Conservidayoc. In Inca Land one may pass from glaciers to tree ferns within a few\n\nhours. So also in the labyrinth of contemporary chronicles of the last of the Incas\u2014no historians go more rapidly from fact\n\nIt was the mystery and romance of some of the Page viiiwonderful pictures of a nineteenth-century explorer that first led me into the relatively unknown region between the Apurimac\n\npencil of such an artist, nevertheless, I hope that some of them may lead future travelers to penetrate still farther into\n\nSome of my story has already been told in Harper's and the National Geographic, to whose editors acknowledgments are due for permission to use the material in its present form. A glance at the Bibliography\n\nwill show that more than fifty articles and monographs have been published as a result of the Peruvian Expeditions of Yale\n\nbased partly on a study of these monographs and the writings of former travelers, partly on the maps and notes made by my\n\nof large expeditions is the bringing to bear on the same problem of minds which have received w", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.7360697984695435, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.526763916015625, "generated_summary": "The earliest book of the Incas, \"The Inca's Adventure,\" is a collection of stories and poems by the author.", "reference_summary": "A firsthand account of the discovery of the lost city of Machu Picchu details Bingham's expedition through the treacherous Peruvian highlands in pursuit of the great Inca landmark and the once powerful civilization that build it."}
{"id": "literary_193", "title": "Wild Roses", "text": "CHAPTER\r\nTITLE\r\nPAGE\r\nI.A Cowboy Celebration1\r\nII.New Trails15\r\nIII.Morgan\u2019s Dance28\r\nIV.Fire Water42\r\nV.Fisherman\u2019s Luck52\r\nVI.Ankanamp65\r\nVII.Mountaineer Memories75\r\nVIII.Remembering the Early Days83\r\nIX.After the Ball99\r\nX.Companionship110\r\nXI.Mountain Fun120\r\nXII.Among the Tepees129\r\nXIII.At Shadow Pool138\r\nXIV.At the Old Shack147\r\nXV.The Fatal Throw161\r\nXVI.The Roundup166\r\nXVII.Ranch Roses177\r\nXVIII.By the Cabin Fire196\r\nXIX.In the Heart of the Hills204\r\nXX.A Turn in the Trail221\r\nXXI.The End of the Long Trail233\n\ndancing and singing all over the grassy and sage-spread flats.\r\nThe cowboys at the Bar B ranch were sprawled about on their bunks,\n\nranch dogs, lay near him, lazily snapping at the buzzing flies.\r\nWhen the scraping process was done, Jim rubbed his persecuted face to\n\nPat.\u201d He dashed a cup of water into the waking Irishman\u2019s face.{4}\r\n\u201cYe dirty son of a Yankee!\u201d blurted Pat, jumping up, and making for the\n\njoker; \u201cit\u2019s auld Ireland that can lick you, if auld England didn\u2019t.\u201d\r\n\u201cStop, or I\u2019ll shoot,\u201d said Jim, jerking a flask of whisky out of his\n\nhip pocket, and pointing it at the wrathful cook.\r\n\u201cBe jabers, if it\u2019s loaded,\u201d said Pat, checking himself, \u201cI\u2019ll give up.\u201d\r\nHe grabbed the bottle out of Jim\u2019s hand, uncorked it, and said, \u201cHere\u2019s\n\nThen he took a long drink and smacked his lips.\r\nThe rest of the boys, roused by the noise, were laughing over the fun.\r\n\u201cPass the bottle around, Pat,\u201d said Jim; \u201cdrink hearty, boys.\u201d\r\nEvery one but Dan Miller and Fred Benton took a drink; they passed the\n\nraised the bottle and took another drink.\r\nA wild thumping of horses\u2019 hoofs was heard outside. The boys jumped up\n\nflying in front of them.\r\n\u201cHello, you stags!\u201d shouted Nixon; \u201cgot anything to drink?\u201d\r\n\u201cSure an\u2019 we have,\u201d returned Pat; \u201cbring the bucket, Tiddy, and water\n\n\u2019em.\u201d\r\n\u201cOh, to hell with your water; give us some whisky.\u201d\r\n\u201cWell, seein\u2019s it\u2019s you,\u201d said Jim, reaching up the flask. It soon went\n\nthe rounds and returned empty.\r\n\u201cGot any race horses?\u201d said Nix", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.875896155834198, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.5395239591598511, "generated_summary": "The epoch of the American Civil War is a time when the world was in turmoil. The Civil War was a period of great conflict, and the Civil War had been a long time coming.", "reference_summary": "You would have never recognized the Dino I lived with in the books that had been written about him before the \"incident.\"\nNo one had a clue. No one seemed to see what was coming.\nSeventeen-year-old Cassie Morgan lives with a time bomb (a.k.a. her stepfather, Dino Cavalli). To the public, Dino is a world-renowned violin player and composer. To Cassie, he's an erratic, self-centered bully. And he's getting worse: He no longer sleeps, and he grows increasingly paranoid. Before Cassie was angry. Now she is afraid.\nEnter Ian Waters: a brilliant young violinist, and Dino's first-ever student. The mi"}
{"id": "literary_194", "title": "The Four Faces", "text": "\"I didn't run across him; he ran across me, and in rather a curious way.\r\n      We live in Linden Gardens now, you know. Several of the houses there are\r\n      almost exactly alike, and about a month ago, at a dinner party we were\r\n      givin', a young man was shown in. His name was unknown to me, so I\r\n      supposed that he must be some friend of my wife's. Then I saw that he was\r\n      a stranger to her too, and then all at once he became very confused,\r\n      inquired if he were in Sir Harry Dawson's houseSir Harry lives in the\r\n      house next to oursand, findin' he was not, apologized profusely for his\r\n      mistake, and left hurriedly.\"\n\n\"Anyone might make a mistake of that kind in some London houses,\" the\r\n      second speaker said. \"What is he like? Is he a gentleman?\"\n\n\"I won't say 'nothin',' but I know comparatively little about him. Houston\r\n      and Prince, the house agents, assure me they've made inquiries, and that\r\n      he is a rich young man whose uncle amassed a large fortune in TasmaniaI\r\n      didn't know fortunes were to be made in Tasmania, did you? The uncle died\r\n      six months ago, Houston and Prince tell me, and Hugesson Gastrell has\r\n      inherited everything he left. They say that they have ascertained that\r\n      Gastrell's parents died when he was quite a child, and that this uncle who\r\n      has died has been his guardian ever since.\"\n\n\"It somehow seems to me very strange that I should have come to know this\r\n      man, Gastrell, without introduction of any kindeven have become intimate\r\n      with him. On the day after he had come to my house by accident, he called\r\n      to fetch a pair of gloves which, in his confusion on the previous evenin',\r\n      he had left in the hall. He asked if he might see me, and then he again\r\n      apologized for the mistake he had made the night before. We stayed talkin'\r\n      for, I suppose, fully half an hourhe's an excellent talker, and\r\n      exceedingly well-informedand incidentally he me", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.2893539369106293, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The first book in the series of novels by the author Hugesson Gastrell, this is a novel that has been translated into English.", "reference_summary": "The king continued: \"From this day forward we will refer to our four sons as The Four Faces. The future of the kingdom is in the hands of The Four Faces. It's vital that they find the right answer. I don't even want to think of the possibility that they could come back without the answer.\"\nHuman, Lion, Ox, and Eagle are sent on a journey to find out what their purpose is. On their quest, they journey through interesting and wonderful places; they meet strangers, friends and foes; they are challenged with the unknown and with themselves. Will they succeed?"}
{"id": "literary_195", "title": "Shadrach", "text": "in a rug....\"\r\n\"Trink?\" piped a thin, reedy voice at Chip's elbow. \"Trink, ssor?\"\r\nChip shook his head in reply to the Martian barman's query. Damned\n\nlooked\u2014and always would to Chip\u2014like ungainly flowers of madness.\r\n\"No,\" he said. \"Not just now, thanks. Later.\" He returned his gaze to\n\nman's shoulder.\r\n\"Trink?\" piped the persistent voice of the barman.\r\n\"Blast jets!\" said Chip curtly. \"I'll order when I get damn good\n\neveryone else the momentary byplay he had glimpsed.\r\nAs the newcomer slipped his arm about the drunken man's shoulder, the\n\nin vain. The drunk had retrieved the object, shoved it into a pocket.\r\nBut Chip Warren knew what the object was. It was a ball of ekalastron!\r\nEkalastron! Most recently discovered, rarest, and most precious of\n\nleft him at the mercy of his companions.\r\nBut Chip was watching. And moving on raw instinct, without a thought\n\nsong. Chip's challenging voice echoed its brittle crispness.\r\n\"Hold course a minute, buckoes!\" he ordered. \"What in space goes on\n\nflamed upon him from the eyes of the newly arrived Earthman.\r\nEverything about the man was cold, bitter and bleak as the hostile\n\nright do you intrude on a private party?\"\r\nChip shook the man's hand from his wrist. His eyes parried with hot\n\ndefiance the stranger's frigid calm.\r\n\"By the right of any man,\" he growled, \"to see fair play! I saw\u2014\"\r\n\"A moment, sailor!\" The man's voice was like a low note struck in\n\ntogether!\" he commanded. \"We're getting out of here!\"\r\nThe man came to with a start, stared at Chip Warren blearily.\n\ndrunk to grieved awareness.\r\n\"Hey! Don' do that! We're pals, ain't we? All\u2014\"\r\n\"I wouldn't know about that,\" snorted Chip. \"But I do know these\n\nhead jerked up, his eyes widened, and a hand clawed at his pocket.\r\n\"What? My ekalastron? The filthy thieves\u2014!\"\r\nHis loud voice carried throughout the room clearly. Too clearly. For\n\ndrawn and wildly flaming as the throng charged the bar.\r\nChip only lived in that moment because he lay helplessly asprawl upon\n\npurposeless", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.27335530519485474, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The ekalastron ball is a ball of e Kalastron. Chip Warren knows what the object is.", "reference_summary": "Even after Davie had had the little black rabbit, Shadrach, for several weeks, it was still almost unbelievable. Every morning when Davie woke up it was a miracle all over again there in his grandfather's barn sat a little black rabbit, and it was his.David had never been happier... until the day Shadrach slipped through the slats of his hutch and disappeared."}
{"id": "literary_196", "title": "The Idle Thoughts of an Idle Fellow", "text": "I am afraid I have somewhat belied half the dear old lady's prophecy.\r\n      Heaven help me! I have done a good many things that I ought not to have\r\n      done, in spite of my laziness. But I have fully confirmed the accuracy of\r\n      her judgment so far as neglecting much that I ought not to have neglected\r\n      is concerned. Idling always has been my strong point. I take no credit to\r\n      myself in the matter\u2014it is a gift. Few possess it. There are plenty\r\n      of lazy people and plenty of slow-coaches, but a genuine idler is a\r\n      rarity. He is not a man who slouches about with his hands in his pockets.\r\n      On the contrary, his most startling characteristic is that he is always\r\n      intensely busy.\n\nIt is impossible to enjoy idling thoroughly unless one has plenty of work\r\n      to do. There is no fun in doing nothing when you have nothing to do.\r\n      Wasting time is merely an occupation then, and a most exhausting one.\r\n      Idleness, like kisses, to be sweet must be stolen.\n\nMany years ago, when I was a young man, I was taken very ill\u2014I never\r\n      could see myself that much was the matter with me, except that I had a\r\n      beastly cold. But I suppose it was something very serious, for the doctor\r\n      said that I ought to have come to him a month before, and that if it\r\n      (whatever it was) had gone on for another week he would not have answered\r\n      for the consequences. It is an extraordinary thing, but I never knew a\r\n      doctor called into any case yet but what it transpired that another day's\r\n      delay would have rendered cure hopeless. Our medical guide, philosopher,\r\n      and friend is like the hero in a melodrama\u2014he always comes upon the\r\n      scene just, and only just, in the nick of time. It is Providence, that is\r\n      what it is.\n\nWell, as I was saying, I was very ill and was ordered to Buxton for a\r\n      month, with strict injunctions to do nothing whatever all the while that I\r\n      was there. \"Rest is what you ", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.336246520280838, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The author of the first book in the series, a young man who has been taken seriously by a doctor, is a very active and passionate person. He is able to understand the nature of his work and how it affects him. He also knows how to use his talents to make a difference.", "reference_summary": "Idle Thoughts of an Idle Fellow is a collection of humorous and entertaining essays written by popular English humorist Jerome K. Jerome. This work is considered widely to be on the of better works of Jerome, and uses the same style as Three Men in a Boat, but was not nearly as popular as that title. Idle Thoughts of an Idle Fellow is highly recommended for those who enjoy the humorous writings of author Jerome K. Jerome and also for those who are discovering his writings for the first time."}
{"id": "literary_197", "title": "The History of John Bull", "text": "CHAPTER VII. How John Bull was so mightily\r\n        pleased with his success that he was going to leave off his trade and\r\n        turn Lawyer.\n\nCHAPTER XII. How John grew angry, and resolved\r\n        to accept a Composition; and what Methods were practised by the Lawyers\r\n        for keeping him from it.*\n\nCHAPTER XIII. Mrs. Bull's vindication of the\r\n        indispensable duty incumbent upon Wives in case of the Tyranny,\r\n        Infidelity, or Insufficiency of Husbands;\n\nCHAPTER XVI. How the guardians of the deceased\r\n        Mrs. Bull's three daughters came to John, and what advice they gave him;\r\n        wherein is briefly treated the characters of the three daughters. Also\r\n        John Bull's answer to the three guardians.*\n\nCHAPTER II. The Character of John Bull's Sister\r\n        Peg,* with the Quarrels that happened between Master and Miss in their\r\n        Childhood.\n\nCHAPTER VII. Of the hard shifts Mrs. Bull was\r\n        put to preserve the Manor of Bullock's Hatch, with Sir Roger's method to\r\n        keep off importunate duns.*\n\nCHAPTER X. Of some extraordinary Things* that\r\n        passed at the \"Salutation\" Tavern, in the Conference between Bull, Frog,\r\n        Esquire South, and Lewis\n\nCHAPTER XIII. How Jack hanged himself up by the\r\n        persuasion of his friends, who broke their words, and left his neck in\r\n        the noose.\n\nCHAPTER XIX. Nic. Frog's letter to John Bull:\r\n        wherein he endeavours to vindicate all his conduct, with relation to\r\n        John Bull and the lawsuit.\n\nThe book was begun in the year 1712, and published in four successive\r\n      groups of chapters that dealt playfully, from the Tory point of view, with\r\n      public affairs leading up to the Peace of Utrecht. The Peace urged and\r\n      made by the Tories was in these light papers recommended to the public.\r\n      The last touches in the parable refer to the beginning of the year 1713,\r\n      when the Duke of Ormond separated his troops from those of the Allies and\r", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.8288793563842773, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.5288933515548706, "generated_summary": "The epoch of the Civil War is a time when the world was in turmoil, and the world had to be re-enforced. The Civil War was a period of great struggle, and it was not easy to get through. But the Civil war was fought with a lot of passion, and a great deal of determination.", "reference_summary": "A scholarly edition of a work by John Arbuthnot. The edition presents an authoritative text, together with an introduction, commentary notes, and scholarly apparatus."}
{"id": "literary_198", "title": "Rescue Mission (Gladiator Boy, #5)", "text": "into hands of ... ruler. In prison. Going to be tortured. I....\r\nMason struggled to keep his attention on his descending spaceship while\n\nhear you.\r\nThey're going to torture me. Help me, Mason. Help!\r\nWhere are you? Mason asked.\r\nDungeons of the main palace, Mordarga City. Hurry, Rick. There's not\n\nVenusian again but Klon Darra was not sending.\r\nThey made a good team, Mason and the Venusian. A pair of Earthmen\n\nand security of the Solar System.\r\nSuddenly Klon Darra's voice sounded in his mind.\r\nMason, have you landed yet?\r\nYes. I'm on my way. You all right?\r\nThey still don't know why I'm on Mordarga. They picked me up on\n\nsuspicion. If you can get me out of here before they find out.\r\nI'm three miles out of Mordarga City. Can you hold out for another\n\nessential information from him. But there were other methods.\r\nKlon Darra said: They've sent for a telepath. Once they penetrate my\n\nmind they'll know why we're here. We'll both be cooked.\r\nDon't worry, Mason telepathed. I'll be there with bells on.\r\nThere were occasional buildings now, he saw; the main bulk of Mordarga\n\nEarthmen on Mordarga were, if not common, at least not totally unknown.\r\nMason kept his eyes to the ground and walked quickly past the\n\ntrouble with them now.\r\nHe tried a message to Klon Darra.\r\nHey, Venusian! How's it going?\r\nThe telepath is due to arrive in one hour, Rick. Where are you now?\r\nOn the outskirts, just coming into the city. I'll be there to spring\n\nMason quickened his pace. There was time but not much.\r\nHe stepped between a pair of drunken Mordargans who were jostling each\n\nwhich they could move and wondered if he could outrun them.\r\n\"Sorry,\" he snapped. \"I'm too busy for a drink now.\"\r\nHe lowered his head and ran.\r\nThey grunted in surprise and started to chase him. He heard their heavy\n\njust trying to be sociable but this was no time for that.\r\n\"Ho, Earthman! You run fast but your legs are short!\"\r\nHe glanced back. They were gaining on him. A tangle of buildings\n\nloomed up ahead and he ", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.17517177760601044, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The telepath is sent to Mordarga City, where Mason and the Venusian are being held.", "reference_summary": "Decimus Rex is once more back in the clutches of the evil Slavious Doom. Tasked with entering the catacombs beneath the arena to bring back the fabled Blade of Fire, Decimus immediately demands the release of all his friends in return for agreeing to take on the mission. Doom, however, has other plans."}
{"id": "literary_199", "title": "William Shakespeare: The Complete Works", "text": "I\r\nA BIOGRAPHY OF SHAKESPEARE DIFFICULT BUT NOT IMPOSSIBLE\r\nWhen we pass from the notabilities of the nineteenth century to\n\nnotes of stenographers or on \"prompt copies\" dishonestly acquired.\r\nIt has become the fashion to say, not without some show of justice,\n\nand dresses, and who has carefully dated the production of many plays.\r\nTo these contemporary evidences we must add that of tradition. In\n\nin several instances lent them curious confirmation.\r\nWe owe it, then, to a little group of worthy but by no means brilliant\n\ncitizens, is again fined fourpence for the same misdemeanour.\r\nThe matter is not without interest, since it is in all probability to\n\nsanitation that Shakespeare's early death is to be ascribed.\r\nBoth on his father's and his mother's side, the poet was descended from\n\nscenes of a like nature[1] (Henry V., ii. 3 and iii. 3).\r\nOf royal and princely splendour Shakespeare had probably certain\n\nFifth, which supplied some of the material for his Henry IV.\r\nProbably Shakespeare, as a boy and youth, was not content with seeing\n\nInduction to the old play he was here adapting.\r\nFrom this time forward John Shakespeare's position goes from bad to\n\nwill. This son died at the age of eleven.\r\nIt was probably soon after the birth of the twins that Shakespeare\n\nentirely fallen into disuse. People then went to the play by water.\r\nA Stratford tradition represents that Shakespeare first entered the\n\nneighbourhood lay Eastcheap, the street in which stood Falstaffs tavern.\r\nThe central points of London were at that time the newly erected\n\nmagnificent gondola, followed by a crowd of gaily decorated boats.\r\nIn the City itself no theatres were tolerated. The civic authorities\n\nfingers, seing all men's fingers are not alike cleane.\"[1]\r\nWe see, too, that Coryat was the first to introduce the new appliance\n\npenalty. Calais, her last foothold on the Continent, was lost.\r\nWith Elizabeth, Protestantism ascended the throne and became a power\n\nherself was present at his funeral, a", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.7719613313674927, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.5223826766014099, "generated_summary": "The Stratford tradition of Shakespeare's play is a very important one. It is the first time that Shakespeare has been able to use his own words and phrases to describe his life. This book is based on the original work of Shakespeare, which was published in 1858.", "reference_summary": "\"But thy eternal summer shall not fade\"\n\"Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st; \"\n\"Nor shall Death brag thou wander'st in his shade, \"\n\"When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st: \"\n\"So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, \"\n\"So long lives this, and this gives life to th\"ee.\n-- from Sonnet 18\nNo home should be without this: every play, from the early histories to the sad, wise\" Winter's Tale \"and \"The Tempest\"; every exquisitely crafted sonnet; every long poem (such as \"Venus and Adonis\" and \"The Rape of Lucrece\") written by the greatest writer in the English language. This edition "}
{"id": "literary_200", "title": "A Bid for Fortune or Dr Nikola's Vendetta", "text": "I only hope I've done right, that's all.\"\r\nAs he spoke, the chief bookkeeper, who had the treble advantage of being\n\nthe papers she had brought in for his signature.\r\n\"You have just hit it, Miss O'Sullivan,\" he answered, pushing them\n\nwaiting for her to speak.\r\n\"It's very funny,\" she said. \"Very funny indeed!\"\r\n\"It's the most extraordinary communication I have ever received,\" he\n\nto the main chance.\r\n\"And where is Cuyaba?\" she asked humbly.\r\n\"Cuyaba,\" he replied, rolling his tongue with considerable relish round\n\nwith the famous Brazilian Diamond Fields.\"\r\n\"And does the writer of this letter live there?\"\r\n\"I cannot say. He writes from there\u2014that is enough for us.\"\r\n\"And he orders dinner for four\u2014here, in a private room overlooking the\n\nis in China, Bloemfontein is in South Africa.\"\r\n\"What a wonderful man you are, to be sure, Mr. McPherson! I never can\n\nthink how you manage to carry so much in your head.\"\r\nThere spoke the true woman. And it was a move in the right direction,\n\ncarpet by coming farther.\r\n\"Is No. 22 ready, Williams?\"\r\n\"Quite ready, sir. The wine is on the ice, and cook tells me he'll be\n\nput on those shades I got this morning?\"\r\n\"Just seen it done this very minute, sir.\"\r\n\"And let me see, there was one other thing.\" He took the letter from the\n\nrequest, but has it been attended to?\"\r\n\"I put it there myself, sir.\"\r\n\"Who wait?\"\r\n\"Jones, Edmunds, Brooks, and Tomkins.\"\r\n\"Very good. Then I think that will do. Stay! You had better tell the\n\nwhen they arrive tell him to show them straight up to the room.\"\r\n\"It shall be done, sir.\"\r\nThe head waiter left the room, and the manager stretched himself in his\n\nsavings and a share in an extensive egg and dairy business.\r\nAt ten minutes to eight precisely a hansom drew up at the steps of the\n\nthe gentleman in clerical costume pacing impatiently up and down.\r\nLeft alone, the tallest of the trio, who for want of a better title we\n\nagain, and took it in turns to examine the clock.\r\n\"Have you ever had the pleasure of meeti", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.36838454008102417, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The story of a young woman who is a snobby, sexy, and a little bit smitten with the world.", "reference_summary": "Boothby's Nikola may be the world's first modern super villain: he is a master of hypnotism and mind control, a telepathic adept, and an astral projectionist. He can cause ordinary men to see images in pools of liquid, and prophesy into the future. It's said that he knows the hour, moment, and method of his own demise."}
{"id": "literary_201", "title": "Her Ladyship's Elephant", "text": "CHAPTER I\r\nIN WHICH THE SAME QUESTION IS ANSWERED IN TWO WAYS\r\nHarold Stanley Malcolm St. Hubart Scarsdale, Esq., of \"The Towers,\"\n\namiable society nonsense: I want an explanation.\"\r\n\"Yes, Miss Vernon,\" he replied, nerving himself for the ordeal.\r\n\"Why did you propose to Aunt Eliza at the Andersons' crush last night?\"\r\n\"Because\u2014\u2014\" he faltered. \"Well, really, you see she is your only\n\noffers of marriage to the head of the family.\"\r\n\"I really don't see why you want to marry her,\" continued his tormentor.\n\nwith English society. Of course her private means are enormous\u2014\u2014\"\r\n\"Good heavens! Miss Vernon,\" he exclaimed, \"there has been some dreadful\n\nbut I don't wish to marry her; I wish to marry\u2014somebody else\u2014\u2014\"\r\n\"Really! Why don't you propose to Miss Somebody Else in person, then?\"\r\n\"It is usual\u2014\u2014\" he began, but she cut him short, exclaiming:\r\n\"Oh, bother! Excuse me, I didn't mean to be rude, but really, you know,\n\nshe's too old for that sort of thing. Do tell me what she said to you.\"\r\n\"She said I must propose on my own account,\" he blurted out, \"and that\n\nshe could not pretend to advise me.\"\r\n\"Clever Aunt Eliza!\" murmured Miss Vernon.\r\n\"So you see,\" continued her lover, determined to have it over and know\n\nmarry an English girl, who won't mind.\"\r\n\"I haven't said so!\" he interjected.\r\n\"No,\" she said meditatively, \"you haven't. I'll tell you what they are\n\n'chattel.'\"\r\n\"Oh I say\u2014\u2014\" he began. But she went on, unheeding his expostulation:\r\n\"Then my husband couldn't beat me, not even once, though the law allows\n\nit.\"\r\n\"What do you take us for?\" he exclaimed.\r\n\"Then,\" she proceeded, \"he would have to love me better than his horses\n\nonly he noticed that all of a sudden she had become very serious.\r\n\"Lady Mary, my mother, you know, would of course leave the place to you\n\naccount.\"\r\n\"Then you will marry me!\" he cried, and sprang towards her.\r\nShe saw her slip and tried to correct it.\r\n\"I haven't said\u2014\u2014\" she began, but the sentence was never finished; for\n\nbeen invited especially ", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.5314125418663025, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The story of the sailor who was a smuggler, and the feisty man who was an English girl, is a fascinating tale of the life of a young woman.", "reference_summary": "Author David Dwight Wells once noted, \"The best criticism that the author received of 'Her Ladyship's Elephant' was from an old lady who wrote him that it had made her forget a toothache.\""}
{"id": "literary_202", "title": "Faraday as a Discoverer", "text": "Daily and weekly, from all parts of the world, I receive publications\r\n      bearing upon the practical applications of electricity. This great\r\n      movement, the ultimate outcome of which is not to be foreseen, had its\r\n      origin in the discoveries made by Michael Faraday, sixty-two years ago.\r\n      From these discoveries have sprung applications of the telephone order,\r\n      together with various forms of the electric telegraph. From them have\r\n      sprung the extraordinary advances made in electrical illumination. Faraday\r\n      could have had but an imperfect notion of the expansions of which his\r\n      discoveries were capable. Still he had a vivid and strong imagination, and\r\n      I do not doubt that he saw possibilities which did not disclose themselves\r\n      to the general scientific mind. He knew that his discoveries had their\r\n      practical side, but he steadfastly resisted the seductions of this side,\r\n      applying himself to the development of principles; being well aware that\r\n      the practical question would receive due development hereafter.\n\nDuring my sojourn in Switzerland this year, I read through the proofs of\r\n      this new edition, and by my reading was confirmed in the conviction that\r\n      the book ought not to be suffered to go out of print. The memoir was\r\n      written under great pressure, but I am not ashamed of it as it stands.\r\n      Glimpses of Faraday's character and gleams of his discoveries are there to\r\n      be found which will be of interest to humanity to the end of time.\n\n[Note.\u2014It was, I believe, my husband's intention to substitute this\r\n      Preface, written a few days before his death, for all former Prefaces. As,\r\n      however, he had not the opportunity of revising the old prefatory pages\r\n      himself, they have been allowed to remain just as they stood in the last\r\n      edition.\n\nThe experimental researches of Faraday are so voluminous, their\r\n      descriptions are so detailed, and their wealth of", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.2652973532676697, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The electric telegraph is a very important part of the world, and it is hoped that this book will be a source of inspiration for many people.", "reference_summary": "The life and discoveries of the English chemist and physicist who contributed significantly to the fields of electromagnetism and electrochemistry."}
{"id": "literary_203", "title": "Look to the Stars", "text": "twice, lived thrice, and was both male and female by turns?\"\r\n\"Tell me of them all; but first, mother, who was the mightiest of the\n\nsea, and breathed his own life into her nostrils.\"\r\n\"But, mother, was he not defeated in battle?\"\r\n\"It was a battle beyond our understanding\u2014of forces that we cannot\n\ntwo moons now circle the continents of N'urth.\"\r\n\"Then Bar-Doo-Chan, who defeated Maha-Ra-Lin, was the mightiest.\"\r\n\"Nay, that you must not say. True, at the end of three days\n\nhand.\"\r\n\"Then, after all, Maha-Ra-Lin was the greatest?\"\r\n\"He was a mighty being, son. Yet how can any be considered greater\n\nhad dumped him off on this byway to nowhere.\r\nHe should have kept to the paved highway. A light blinking through the\n\nmust lead somewhere, even if only to a deserted sawmill or mine shaft.\r\nHis feet slipped and he went down cursing. As he struggled out of the\n\nwaters his ears caught the sound of hammering on metal.\r\nFeeling his way along the side, he came to a man who was muttering to\n\nupraised hood.\r\n\"Trouble, buddie?\" demanded Marlin.\r\nThe other jerked up his head so suddenly that it struck the hood. He\n\n\"And get goin' if you can't help.\"\r\n\"Why don't you turn on the lights?\"\r\n\"Because she ain't got no lights\u2014that's why.\"\r\n\"Battery dead?\" asked Marlin. Receiving no answer, he edged back to the\n\nthe hand which rested on the seat.\r\n\"Take your paws off me, you slimy fish!\" came a tense feminine voice.\n\nin the seat became a sudden bundle of fury.\r\n\"Easy, sister!\" he protested, deftly capturing the small hands in his\n\nlength of chain connecting the handcuffs tinkled.\r\n\"Sorry, bo,\" he said softly. \"The lady's jewelry intrigues me.\"\r\nA hard object pressed sharply into his side. \"Scram!\"\n\nsomething better. I saw a light up beyond.\"\r\n\"I'm tired of sitting in the car,\" the girl put in. \"Anything's better\n\ntangling with the law.\" He tapped his chest.\r\n\"Detective\u2014eh?\"\r\n\"Yeah,\" the girl cut in, \"and don't forget to tell him about your phony\n\nstunt\u2014kidnaping me across the state line with", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.38218042254447937, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The story of a young man who is a sailor and a fisherman. He is the only one who can survive on the sea, and he is the most powerful man in the world.", "reference_summary": "Leonato Blakeley, heir to the earldom of Pennyworth, has no intention of marrying any time soon. He's not against marriage, unless the term is being paired with his name. His great-uncle, the matchmaking Duke of Danby, has arrived in town, and Leo needs A Plan.\nAmerican heiress Miriam Rosenbaum has crossed an ocean to study the stars with the best scientists in the field. Well, perhaps her mother thinks they're in London to find husbands for the scandalous Madcap Rosenbaum sisters. But Miriam is determined not only to visit the Royal Observatory, but participate in their groundbreaking researc"}
{"id": "literary_204", "title": "Astounding Stories of Super-Science January 1930", "text": "Astounding Stories\r\nWhat are \"astounding\" stories?\r\nWell, if you lived in Europe in 1490, and someone told you the earth was\n\nwire\u2014or without any wire at all\u2014that would have been another.\r\nOr if, in 1900, they predicted ocean-crossing airplanes and submarines,\n\nyou beginning with this, the first number of Astounding Stories.\r\nIt is a magazine whose stories will anticipate the super-scientific\n\nMeek, Harl Vincent, R. F. Starzl and Victor Rousseau.\r\nSo\u2014order your next month's copy of Astounding Stories in advance!\u2014The Editor.\n\nunbroken to the horizon on every side.\r\nIt came out of the south, and yet, a hundred miles further back along\n\nfor the better part of that year.\r\nNot that they could not have reached it sooner. As a matter of fact,\n\nso, but within the fraction of an inch.\r\nIt had something to do with Einstein, and something to do with\n\nglass from the cabin, was something like the front seat of a limousine.\r\n\"Well, Captain, we followed that break for a hundred miles, and there's\n\nrock. This thing was lying in a hollow among them.\"\r\n\"If I didn't see it before my eyes, I'd think you crazy, Tommy,\" said\n\nof Old Red Sandstone, instead of in the year 1930 A. D.\r\nIt was generally known\u2014though the story had been officially\n\ndidn't they win the supremacy over man?\"\r\nJimmy Dodd had muttered till he went to sleep, and he had muttered\n\nfossils, though his own interest in them was of the slightest.\r\nThe dogs were being harnessed next morning when the two men hopped into\n\nhe answered. \"It's only an hour's flight to where he found that fossil.\"\r\n\"Just as you please,\" said Storm curtly. He knew that Tommy's judgment\n\ncalculated on. The storm struck the biplane with full force.\r\nA snowstorm was driving up rapidly, blackening the sky. The sun, which\n\nwhich they had started had already become twilight.\r\nTommy was tempted to turn back, but it was only a hundred miles, and\n\nhundred miles per hour to eighty, sixty, forty\u2014less.\r\nThe storm was beating up furiously. Of a sudden the clou", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.3183850646018982, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The first number of Astounding Stories will anticipate the super-scientific Meek, Harl Vincent, R. F. Starzl and Victor Rousseau, you beginning with this, the first number.", "reference_summary": "COVER DESIGN\nH. W. WESSOLOWSKI - Painted in Water-colors from a Scene in \"The Beetle Horde.\"\nTitle: Astounding Stories of Super-Science January 1930\nAuthor: Victor Rousseau\nCaptain S. P. Meek\nRay Cummings\nM. L. Staley\nC. V. Tench\nMurray Leinster\nAnthony Pelcher\nEditor: Harry Bates\nRelease Date: November 25, 2012 [EBook #41481]\nLanguage: English\nThe second part of THE BEETLE HORDE can be found here: http://www.gutenberg.org/files/28617/..."}
{"id": "literary_205", "title": "The Jumblies and Other Nonsense Verses", "text": "Lear\u2019s other works.\r\nOliver Wendell Holmes has said in a well-known poem, that\u2014\r\n\u201cThere is nothing that keeps its youth\u2014\n\nSo far as I know\u2014but a tree and truth.\u201d\r\nHe might have added certain writings; and among those that are as fresh\n\nTHE JUMBLIES.\r\nTHE OWL AND THE PUSSY-CAT.\r\nTHE BROOM, THE SHOVEL, THE POKER AND THE TONGS.\r\nTHE DUCK AND THE KANGAROO.\r\nTHE CUMMERBUND.\r\nTHE DONG WITH A LUMINOUS NOSE.\r\nTHE NEW VESTMENTS.\r\nCALICO PIE.\r\nTHE COURTSHIP OF THE YONGHY-BONGHY-B\u00d2.\r\nINCIDENTS IN THE LIFE OF MY UNCLE ARLY.\n\nBut we don\u2019t care a button, we don\u2019t care a fig!\r\nIn a Sieve we\u2019ll go to sea!\u201d\r\nFar and few, far and few,\r\nAre the lands where the Jumblies live;\r\nTheir heads are green, and their hands are blue,\r\nAnd they went to sea in a Sieve.\n\nAnd happen what may, it\u2019s extremely wrong\r\nIn a Sieve to sail so fast!\u201d\r\nFar and few, far and few,\r\nAre the lands where the Jumblies live;\r\nTheir heads are green, and their hands are blue,\r\nAnd they went to sea in a Sieve.\n\nYet we never can think we were rash or wrong,\r\nWhile round in our Sieve we spin!\u201d\r\nFar and few, far and few,\r\nAre the lands where the Jumblies live;\r\nTheir heads are green, and their hands are blue,\r\nAnd they went to sea in a Sieve.\n\nWe sail away with a pea-green sail,\r\nIn the shade of the mountains brown!\u201d\r\nFar and few, far and few,\r\nAre the lands where the Jumblies live;\r\nTheir heads are green, and their hands are blue,\r\nAnd they went to sea in a Sieve.\n\nAnd forty bottles of Ring-Bo-Ree,\r\nAnd no end of Stilton Cheese.\r\nFar and few, far and few,\r\nAre the lands where the Jumblies live;\r\nTheir heads are green, and their hands are blue,\r\nAnd they went to sea in a Sieve.\n\nWe too will go to sea in a Sieve\u2014\r\nTo the hills of the Chankly Bore!\u201d\r\nFar and few, far and few,\r\nAre the lands where the Jumblies live;\r\nTheir heads are green, and their hands are blue,\r\nAnd they went to sea in a Sieve.\n\n\u201cO lovely Pussy! O Pussy, my love,\r\nWhat a beautiful Pussy you are,\r\nYou are,\r\nYou are!\r\nWhat a beautiful Pussy you are!\u201d\n\nAnd", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.8161716461181641, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.5264308452606201, "generated_summary": "The saga of the sailor who sailed on the moon in the 18th century is a tale of two voyages, one to the moon and the other to the sea. The story is about the journey of a young man who has been swept away by the mighty Moon.", "reference_summary": "Edward Lear's delightful nonsense verse is as fresh and fun now as it has always been. This brilliant collection from 1900 is illustrated by the peerless L. Leslie Brooke. It contains: 'The Jumblies', 'The Owl and the Pussy-Cat', 'The Broom, the Shovel, the Poker and the Tongs', 'The Duck and the Kangaroo', 'The Cummerbund', 'The Dong with a Luminous Nose', 'The New Vestments', 'Calico Pie', 'The Courtship of the Yonghy-Bonghy-Bo' and 'Incidents in the Life of my Uncle Arly'. This color version has been carefully typeset to keep as close to the original as possible, faithfully reproducing the "}
{"id": "literary_206", "title": "Ladysmith", "text": "CHAPTER I\r\nON THE EDGE\r\nNEWCASTLE, NATAL, Thursday, October 5, 1899.\r\nLate last Sunday night I found myself slowly crawling towards the front\n\nhas large quantities of relations, and one of them is always dying.\r\nBy the courtesy of the Pretorian Government I had secured room in the\n\n\"Home, Sweet Home,\" with variations.Pg 4\r\nIt must have been the next evening, as we were waiting three or four\n\nwill that the Transvaal perish, we can only do our best.\"\r\nAt Zandspruit, the scene of the old Sand River Convention, the whole\n\nvariously.\r\nPg 9\r\nCHAPTER II\r\nAT THE BRITISH FRONT\r\nLADYSMITH, NATAL, Wednesday, October 11, 1899.\r\nLadysmith breathes freely to-day, but a week ago she seemed likely to\n\npopulations entirely ruined, the campaign would have begun badly.\r\nFor the Boers it was a fine strategic opportunity, and they were\n\nout here. I have only met one Irishman, and he was unhappy.\r\nBut for the grotesque side of refugee unhappiness one should see the\n\nsuspicious eyes to right and left with fear.\r\nThe air is full of wild rumours. A boy riding over Laing's Nek saw 1,000\n\nwith lies which may at any moment be true.\r\nHalf the Manchesters have just marched in to trumpet and drum. When I\n\nand circumstance seem all on one side.Pg 18\r\nFriday, October 13, 1899.\r\nSo it has begun at last, for good or evil. Here we think it began\n\nPg 20\r\nCHAPTER III\r\nTHE FIRST WEEK'S WAR\r\nLADYSMITH, Thursday, October 19, 1899.\r\nIt is a week to-day since the Boers of the Transvaal and Free State\n\ncan answer that one question of ours: Will they come on?\r\nYesterday it seemed as though they were coming. The advance of two main\n\nstupendous thunder complete the scene.\r\nPg 30\r\nCHAPTER IV\r\nBATTLE OF ELANDS LAAGTE\r\nLADYSMITH, October 22, 1899.\r\nIt was a fair morning yesterday, cool after rain, the thin clouds\n\nby, a store, a hotel, and some houses.\r\nThe Boers had occupied it two days before, had captured a train there,\n\ninto the plain, firing into us at long range, quite without effect.\r\nAt half-past one Genera", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.7927517294883728, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.526242733001709, "generated_summary": "The story of the 'Boers' is a fascinating and informative account of the history of the British Empire. It is based on the story of a young man who was a member of the Royal Family of England during the Civil War. He was able to escape from the ruthless forces of the Boers, and was unable to escape the ruins of his homeland.", "reference_summary": "There is a saying among the old ones, \"If you dream of a mare, a MacLeod is sure to be near.\" Rohanna MacLeod grew up listening to her grandmother's stories of her family and the old country, the myths and legends of the Fae becoming dearer to her with each loss in her young life. True to her family name, Rohanna carries the MacLeod gift with horses. With single minded determination, she denies herself everything else that life offers in order to keep what is hers, to keep and preserve the family farm from an abusive stepmother she abhors. Everything changes when she runs into trouble on the w"}
{"id": "literary_207", "title": "Flower of the Dusk", "text": "FLOWER OF THE DUSK.\r\nLOVE AFFAIRS OF LITERARY MEN.\r\nA SPINNER IN THE SUN.\r\nLOVE LETTERS OF A MUSICIAN.\r\nLATER LOVE LETTERS OF A MUSICIAN.\r\nTHE SPINSTER BOOK.\r\nLAVENDER AND OLD LACE.\r\nTHE MASTER'S VIOLIN.\r\nAT THE SIGN OF THE JACK-O'-LANTERN.\r\nTHE SHADOW OF VICTORY.\r\nTHE BOOK OF CLEVER BEASTS.\r\nPICKABACK SONGS.\n\n\"Secretly, too, both were ashamed, having come unawares upon knowledge that was not meant for them.\"\r\n\"Secretly, too, both were ashamed, having come unawares upon knowledge that was not meant for them.\"\n\nat last had waked the world.\r\nThe man who stood near the edge of the cliff, quite alone, and carefully\n\neternally lost in the Water of Forgetfulness.\r\nSlowly, the light died. Dusk came upon the valley and crept softly to\n\n\"there was no sunset at all.\"\r\nThe road was clear until he came to a fallen tree, over which he stepped\n\nhe crushed a bit of it in his hand.\r\nEasily, yet carefully, he went around the base of the hill to the\n\nspoke to him first.\r\n\"You're late, Father, dear.\"\r\n\"Am I, Barbara? Tell me, was there a sunset to-night?\"\r\n\"Yes, a glorious one.\"\r\nSeeing with the Soul\r\n\"I thought so, and that accounts for my being late. I saw a beautiful\n\nto do him some small service.\r\n\"Thank you, Miriam; you are always kind.\"\r\nThe tiny living-room was filled with relics of past luxury. Fine\n\noutwardly, at least, showed every year of its age.\r\nStill, the room had \"atmosphere,\" of the indefinable quality that some\n\nwas solid, and the cup from which Ambrose North drank was Satsuma.\r\nOn the coarse cloth were the heavy, cheap dishes and the discouraging\n\n[5]which, with a lump in her throat, she called \"Mother's pearls.\"\r\nDiscovering that the sound of her crutches on the floor distressed him\n\nsat down and held his slender hands close to the grateful warmth.\r\n\"It isn't cold,\" he said, \"and yet I am glad of the fire. To-day is the\n\nfirst day of Spring.\"\r\n\"By the almanac?\" laughed Barbara.\r\n\"No, according to the almanac, I believe, it has been Spring for ten\n\none of them in bl", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.7782447934150696, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.5245254039764404, "generated_summary": "The eponymous novel of the same name, \"The Book of Life,\" is a story of a young woman who is swept up in the world of the slumber party. She is surrounded by her friends and family, and is reunited with her parents. Her life is shaped by the events that have happened to her.", "reference_summary": "Myrtle Reed (1874-1911) was an American author, the daughter of Elizabeth Armstrong Reed and the preacher Hiram von Reed. She sometimes wrote under the pseudonym of Olive Green. Reed was born in Chicago, where she graduated from the West Division High School. In 1906 she was married to James Sydney McCullough. She died of a drug overdose in Chicago, Illinois. Amongst her books are: The Spinster Book (1901), Lavender and Old Lace (1902), The Shadow of Victory (1903), A Spinner in the Sun (1906), Flower of the Dusk (1908), Old Rose and Silver (1909), Master of the Vineyard (1910), Sonnets to a L"}
{"id": "literary_208", "title": "Myths of Babylonia and Assyria", "text": "year. So was a brilliant career brought to an untimely end.\r\nRassam was engaged to continue Smith's great work, and between\n\nthe area in which it took definite and permanent shape.\r\nIn Babylonia, as elsewhere, we expect, therefore, to find a\n\nrivers, cultivate the fields, build their houses, and so on.\r\nBut although Ea became a beneficent deity, as a result of the\n\nphenomena, and whose lovers were the spirits of the seasons.\r\nIn the alluvial valley which they rendered fit for habitation\n\nadjustment to which they were subjected in new environments.\r\nThe petty kingdoms of Sumeria appear to have been tribal in\n\nearly god with whom she was equal in power and dignity.\r\nIn the later systematized theology of the Babylonians we seem\n\ntree is a survival of tree and water worship.\r\nIf Eridu was not the \"cradle\" of the Sumerian race, it was\n\nstreams\", and \"on this water to put his pure spell\".\r\nThe worship of rivers and wells which prevailed in many countries was\n\nThe gods which seize on men\r\n\u00a0\u00a0Came forth from the grave;\r\nThe evil wind gusts\r\n\u00a0\u00a0Have come forth from the\n\nAt Erech she had a shrine in the temple of the sky god Anu.\r\nWe can trace in Babylonia, as in Egypt, the early belief that\n\nfrom fright or by sucking out the breath of life.\r\nAs most representatives of the spirit world were enemies of\n\nalong.\r\nNo door can shut them out;\r\nNo bolt can turn them back.\r\nThrough the door, like a snake, they\n\ndesired to establish the rule of evil over gods and mankind.\r\nIn the \"Legend of Etana\" the Eagle, another demon which links\n\nroyal house, and the family affairs of their acquaintances.\r\nThe Babylonian spirit world, it will be seen, was of complex\n\nof deities, or exercised a magical control over nature.\r\nThe Babylonian myth of Tammuz, the dying god, bears a close\n\none goddess and part of the year with the other.\r\nIt is suggested that the myth of Adonis was derived in\n\nthe waters, Mitra acting in the right way. Rigveda, iii, 5, 3.\r\nAgni, who has been looked and longed for in Heave", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.26619037985801697, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The first book in the series of books by the author, \"The Book of the Dead\" is a collection of short stories written by the writer. It is based on the story of the Babylonian god Anu, who has been looked upon as a demon and a goddess. The book is adapted from the novel of the same name by the same author.", "reference_summary": "\"Myths of Babylonia and Assyria\" takes a look at the ancient history of the land that is now part of Iraq and the Middle East. The book looks at the myths and legends of Babylonia and Assyria, and how these ancient tales reflect the beliefs and development of these early civilizations. The historical narrative of the book begins with the early Sumerian Age and concludes thirty centuries later with the periods of the Persian and Greek Empires."}
{"id": "literary_209", "title": "Woodcarving: Projects And Techniques", "text": "[5]\r\nWOOD-CARVING\r\nDESIGN AND\r\nWORKMANSHIP\r\nBY GEORGE JACK\r\nWITH\r\nDRAWINGS BY THE AUTHOR\r\nAND OTHER ILLUSTRATIONS\r\nNEW YORK\r\nD. APPLETON AND COMPANY\r\n1903\r\n[6]\r\nCopyright, 1903,\r\nBy D. Appleton and Company\r\nAll rights reserved\r\nPublished October, 1903\n\nDesirable\u2014Advantages of Pine and English Oak\r\nCHAPTER V\r\n52\r\nSHARPENING THE TOOLS\r\nThe Proper Bevel\u2014Position of Tools on Oilstone\u2014Good and Bad\n\nDesign\u2014Economy of Detail Necessary\u2014The Word \"Conventional\"\r\nCHAPTER IX\r\n88\r\nROUNDED FORMS\r\nNecessity for every Carver Making his own Designs\u2014Method of\n\nCarving Rounded Forms on a Sunk Ground\r\nCHAPTER X\r\n96\r\nTHE PATTERNED BACKGROUND\r\nImportance of Formal Pattern as an Aid to Visibility\u2014Pattern and\n\nChoice of Natural Forms Governed by a Question of Pattern\r\nCHAPTER XI\r\n103\r\nCONTOURS OF SURFACE\r\nAdaptation of Old Designs to Modern Purposes\u2014\"Throwing\n\nand Sawing out the Spaces\u2014Some Uses for Pierced Patterns\r\nCHAPTER XIV\r\n115\r\nHARDWOOD CARVING\r\nCarvings can not be Independent Ornaments\u2014Carving Impossible on\n\nCharacter\u2014Methods of Carving Grapes\r\nCHAPTER XV\r\n137\r\nTHE SKETCH-BOOK\r\nOld Work Best Seen in its Original Place\u2014Museums to be approached\n\nCharacter\u2014Carvers the Historians of their Time\r\nCHAPTER XVII\r\n153\r\nSTUDIES FROM NATURE\u2014FOLIAGE\r\nMedieval and Modern Choice of Form Compared\u2014A Compromise\n\nAdopted\u2014A List of Plant Forms of Adaptable Character\r\nCHAPTER XVIII\r\n161\r\nCARVING ON FURNITURE\r\nFurniture Constructed with a View to Carving\u2014Reciprocal Aims of\n\nHandled\u2014The Introduction of Animals or Figures\r\nCHAPTER XIX\r\n180\r\nTHE GROTESQUE IN CARVING\r\nMisproportion Not Essential to the Expression of Humor\u2014The Sham\n\nForeshortening\u2014Superposition of Masses\r\nCHAPTER XXII\r\n214\r\nUNDERCUTTING AND \"BUILT-UP\" WORK\r\nUndercutting as a Means and as an End; its Use and\n\nCarver\u2014Carpenters' Imitation of Stone Construction Carried too Far\r\nCHAPTER XXV\r\n234\r\nSURFACE FINISH\u2014TEXTURE\r\nTool Marks, the Importance of their Direction\u2014The Woody Texture\n\nDependent upon Clearness of Cutting and Sympathetic Handling\r\n", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.972673773765564, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.5701274871826172, "generated_summary": "The earliest known work of the aristocrats, and the first to be published in the United States, is a collection of works by the acclaimed author, William H. MacDonald, which was published in 1848.", "reference_summary": "This compilation of articles and photographs from 'Woodcarving' magazine, combines sound technical advice and easy-to-follow instructions with inspirational projects for all levels of ability. Renowned author Chris Pye takes you through each project from concept to completion."}
{"id": "literary_210", "title": "The Philosopher's Joke", "text": "Also, of course, I did not consider myself debarred from speaking about\r\n      it, discreetly, to Mrs. Armitage, a charming woman. She burst into tears\r\n      at the first mention of the thing. It took me all I knew to tranquillize\r\n      her. She said that when she did not think about the thing she could be\r\n      happy. She and Armitage never spoke of it to one another; and left to\r\n      themselves her opinion was that eventually they might put remembrance\r\n      behind them. She wished they were not quite so friendly with the Everetts.\r\n      Mr. and Mrs. Everett had both dreamt precisely the same dream; that is,\r\n      assuming it was a dream. Mr. Everett was not the sort of person that a\r\n      clergyman ought, perhaps, to know; but as Armitage would always argue: for\r\n      a teacher of Christianity to withdraw his friendship from a man because\r\n      that man was somewhat of a sinner would be inconsistent. Rather should he\r\n      remain his friend and seek to influence him. They dined with the Everetts\r\n      regularly on Tuesdays, and sitting opposite the Everetts, it seemed\r\n      impossible to accept as a fact that all four of them at the same time and\r\n      in the same manner had fallen victims to the same illusion. I think I\r\n      succeeded in leaving her more hopeful. She acknowledged that the story,\r\n      looked at from the point of common sense, did sound ridiculous; and\r\n      threatened me that if I ever breathed a word of it to anyone, she never\r\n      would speak to me again. She is a charming woman, as I have already\r\n      mentioned.\n\nBy a curious coincidence I happened at the time to be one of Everett's\r\n      directors on a Company he had just promoted for taking over and developing\r\n      the Red Sea Coasting trade. I lunched with him the following Sunday. He is\r\n      an interesting talker, and curiosity to discover how so shrewd a man would\r\n      account for his connection with so insane\u2014so impossible a fancy,\r\n      prompted me to hin", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.2982487678527832, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The author of the novel \"The Red Sea Coasting Trade\" (Seacoasting) is a well-known author of novels and short stories. He has written many books and articles about the sea coasting trade, including \"The Reef\", \"The Sea Coaster\", \"An Island in the Sea,\" and \"The Ocean.\".", "reference_summary": "Myself, I do not believe this story. Six persons are persuaded of its truth; and the hope of these six is to convince themselves it was an hallucination. Their difficulty is there are six of them. Each one alone perceives clearly that it never could have been. Unfortunately, they are close friends, and cannot get away from one another; and when they meet and look into each other's eyes the thing takes shape again. The one who told it to me, and who immediately wished he had not, was Armitage. He told it to me one night when he and I were the only occupants of the Club smoking-room."}
{"id": "literary_211", "title": "Antic Hay", "text": "rambling way about the existence and the nature of God.\r\nStanding in front of the spread brass eagle and fortified\n\nfeeling, was that less real and valid than two plus two?\r\nThe Reverend Pelvey had nothing to reply. He was\n\ncaro nome!\r\n\u201cThou shalt fear the Lord thy God,\u201d said Mr. Pelvey.\r\nEven when the ulcers are benign; thou shalt fear. He\n\nfrom the eagle, and the organ presaged the coming Te Deum.\r\nGumbril hoisted himself to his feet; the folds of his B.A.\n\nwere the minds of men.\r\n\u201cO Lord, have mercy upon us: have mercy upon us.\u201d\r\nGumbril shrugged his shoulders and looked round the\n\n(f) For slack hands and (dim.) idle minds\r\n(mf) Mischief still the Tempter finds.\r\n(ff) Keep him captive in his lair.\n\nor looped up, perhaps, and fastened to a clip on one\u2019s braces.\r\n\u201cThe nineteenth chapter of the Acts of the Apostles,\n\nhair-cut and before the shampoo, there must be singeing.\r\n\u201cThe hair, gentlemen, is a tube. If you cut it and leave\n\nunhappy; and it was impossible for him to explain.\r\nIn 1906 he had fallen in love for the first time\u2014ah,\n\nthat at last, at last, he was doing something about life.\r\nWhen the chop was eaten, he went upstairs and, after\n\nby evening in summer-time, to roost in their branches.\r\nOn fine evenings he used to sit out on his balcony waiting\n\nthey were silent, it was time to think of serious matters.\r\nTo-night, however, he was not working; for always on\n\nscientific or literary education.\u201d\r\n\u201cAnd you\u2019re one of the ones?\u201d asked his father.\r\n\u201cThat goes without saying,\u201d Gumbril Junior replied.\r\n\u201cI think you mayn\u2019t be so far wrong,\u201d said Mr. Porteous.\n\nmay I ask?\u201d\r\n\u201cI mean to begin by making some money.\u201d\r\nGumbril Senior put his hands on his knees, bent forward\n\nhair fell into his eyes. \u201cYou won\u2019t,\u201d and he laughed again.\r\n\u201cTo make money,\u201d said Mr. Porteous, \u201cone must be\n\nreally interested in money.\u201d\r\n\u201cAnd he\u2019s not,\u201d said Gumbril Senior. \u201cNone of us are.\u201d\r\n\u201cWhen I was still uncommonly hard up,\u201d Mr. Porteous\n\nidea came to me\u2014the idea of Gumbril\u2019s Patent Smal", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.46211448311805725, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The book is a collection of short stories, poems, and essays. It is the first book in the series to be published by the publisher of the book.", "reference_summary": "London life just after World War I, devoid of values and moving headlong into chaos at breakneck speed - Aldous Huxley's Antic Hay,like Hemingway's The Sun Also Rises,portrays a world of lost souls madly pursuing both pleasure and meaning. Fake artists, third-rate poets, pompous critics, pseudo-scientists, con-men, bewildered romantics, cock-eyed futurists - all inhabit this world spinning out of control, as wildly comic as it is disturbingly accurate. In a style that ranges from the lyrical to the absurd, and with characters whose identities shift and change as often as their names and appear"}
{"id": "literary_212", "title": "Babyland", "text": "Hark! the shining stars are singing,\r\nAnd the azure skies are ringing:\r\nAngels joyful news are bringing,\r\n\u201cThere\u2019s a baby born.\u201d\n\nThe soft winds played in the summer grove,\r\nThat the sunlight made aglow,\r\nWhen a small face peered through the garden gate\r\n\u2019Mong the roses pure as snow:\r\nAnd in sweet, shy tones came the wondrous words,\r\n\u201cWe\u2019ve a baby; did you know?\u201d\n\nWe all forget what our griefs have been,\r\nAnd the toils and tears and strife,\r\nAs the wee bright angels come to earth,\r\nJust born to an endless life;\r\nAnd the words will fall like a holy thrill,\r\nAs adown life\u2019s path we go,\r\nAnd listen yet to the echoes sweet,\r\n\u201cWe\u2019ve a baby; did you know?\u201d\n\nSoftly sway the little cradle;\r\nSoftly in the quiet night\r\nLet my pure beams touch the darling,\r\nAs I kissed Eve\u2019s babies bright.\r\nAs I played among the tresses\r\nOf her lovely Abel\u2019s head,\r\nAs I poured my floods of silver\r\n\u2019Round her happy ones long fled.\n\nWhen the grand old Ark was building,\r\nNoah\u2019s babies then I kissed,\r\nAnd they laughed and cooed their welcome,\r\nWhen full-orbed I cheered the east.\r\nThrough the long and fearful Deluge\r\nI was hidden from the Ark,\r\nBut when cleared away the tempest\r\nAnd the sky was chill and dark,\n\nThen I rose, my lamp full-burning,\r\nPouring silver on the flood,\r\nTill the mighty, shoreless ocean,\r\nSparkling, shouted praise to God.\r\nHow I watched the Ark while billows\r\nWere returning to their place,\r\nAnd glad hearts from Noah\u2019s window\r\n[9]So rejoiced to see my face.\n\nSway the little cradle softly;\r\nLet me touch the darling\u2019s cheek.\r\nEvery darling, through the ages,\r\nIn their thoughts to me will speak.\r\nBaby lips for me are smiling;\r\nBaby fingers point to me,\r\nWhen my silver sails spread widest\r\nOn the great, blue, silent sea.\n\nBaby\u2019s little bed should be\r\nWhite as drifting snow;\r\nPure and sweet as Heaven\u2019s air,\r\nWhere the soft clouds glow.\r\nBaby\u2019s tiny coverlet\r\nShould be lambs\u2019 wool white,\r\nDainty as the pelican,\r\nFluffy, warm and light.\r\nBaby\u2019s pillow should be made\r\nLight as eider do", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.6569293141365051, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.5159847140312195, "generated_summary": "The eponymous novel by the poet and author of the same name, \"The Book of Life\" is a story of love, loss, and the discovery of the life of a young woman. It is based on the story of the firstborn of the girl, who was born to an endless life.", "reference_summary": "When an unexpected pregnancy enters the picture six months before her impending nuptials, Anna Trauslen, a 37-year-old events planner, is forced to re-evaluate her glamorous lifestyle and make some minor adjustments."}
{"id": "literary_213", "title": "Book Of Earth", "text": "FREDERICK A. STOKES COMPANY\r\nMCMXXV\r\n[iv]\r\nCopyright, 1925, by\r\nFrederick A. Stokes Company\r\nAll rights reserved, including that of translation\n\nOut of the Painted Desert, in broad noon,\r\nWalking through pine-clad bluffs, in an air like wine,\r\nI came to the dreadful brink.\n\nI saw, with a swimming brain, the solid earth\r\nSplitting apart, into two hemispheres,\r\nCleft, as though by the axe of an angry god.\r\nOn the brink of the Grand Canyon,\r\nOver that reeling gulf of amethyst shadows,\r\nFrom the edge of one sundered hemisphere I looked down,\r\nDown from abyss to abyss,[2]\r\nInto the dreadful heart of the old earth dreaming\r\nLike a slaked furnace of her far beginnings,\r\nThe inhuman ages, alien as the moon,\r\n\u00c6ons unborn, and the unimagined end.\r\nThere, on the terrible brink, against the sky,\r\nI saw a black speck on a boulder jutting\r\nOver a hundred forests that dropped and dropped\r\nDown to a tangle of red precipitous gorges\r\nThat dropped again and dropped, endlessly down.\n\nBut O, what art could guide me through that maze?[15]\r\nWhat kingly shade unlock the music sealed\r\nIn that dread volume?\r\nSons of an earlier age,\r\nPoet and painter stretched no guiding hand.\n\nEven the gaunt spirit, whom the Mantuan led\r\nThrough the dark chasms and fiery clefts of pain,\r\nCould set a bound to his own realms of night,\r\nEnwall then round, build his own stairs to heaven,\r\nAnd slept now, prisoned, in his own coiling towers....\n\nLeonardo\u2014found a shell among the hills,\r\nA sea-shell, turned to stone, as at the gaze\r\nOf his own cold Medusa. His dark eyes,\r\nHawk-swift to hunt the subtle lines of law\r\nThrough all the forms of beauty, on that wild height\r\nSaw how the waves of a forgotten world\r\nHad washed and sculptured every soaring crag,[16]\r\nEre Italy was born. He stood alone,\u2014\r\nHis rose-red cloak out-rippling on the breeze,\u2014\r\nA wondering sun-god. Through the mountain-peaks,\r\nThe rumour of a phantom ocean rolled.\r\nIt tossed a flying rainbow at his feet\r\nAnd vanished....\r\nMilton\u2014walked in Paradise.\r\n", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.9203368425369263, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.5481163859367371, "generated_summary": "The epoch of the American Civil War is a time when the world was in turmoil. The Civil War began with the destruction of the West, and the Civil War became the first war to be waged by the United States. Then the Civil war began. The emergence of the Civil Wars began.", "reference_summary": "To retrieve the amulet that will save his life, Score must return to Earth with Pixel and Helaine -- even if it risks all their lives."}
{"id": "literary_214", "title": "Letters of Marque: ABCs for the Savvy Scalawag", "text": "Young Man from Manchester and certain Moral Reflections.\r\nEXCEPT for those who, under compulsion of a sick certificate, are flying\n\nsays \u201ccabman\u201d to the driver of the ticca-ghari.\r\nNow Jeypore from the Anglo-Indian point of view is a station on the\n\nfrom the train the Taj wrapped in the mists of the morning.\r\nThere is a story of a Frenchman \u201cwho feared not God, nor regarded man,\u201d\n\nhate being done! If there\u2019s anything I hate it\u2019s being done!\u201d\r\nHe had been so happy in the \u201cthought of getting home by Christmas,\u201d and\n\nworthy of the consideration of some leisurely Teuton intellect.\r\nEnvy may have prompted a too bitter judgment of the Young Man from\n\nwriter of discrimination and void of conscience!\r\nBut to return to Jeypore\u2014a pink city set on the border of a blue lake,\n\nof Jey Singh, they took all the credit to themselves.\r\nHe built himself everything that pleased him, palaces and gardens and\n\nsuperb library and he made Jeypore a marvel.\r\nLater on came a successor, educated and enlightened by all the lamps of\n\nwe get elephants? Who is the man to write to for all these things?\u201d\r\nThanks to the courtesy of the Maharaja, it is possible to see\n\nwere wrong, but in too many cases they were right.\r\nThe Englishman left the stables and the great central maidan where a\n\nhim, and the trio mocked the captive from a distance.\r\nIt was not a pleasant sight and suggested Globe-Trotters\u2014gentlemen who\n\ndetailed information of a Cotton Press.\r\nAND what shall be said of Amber, Queen of the Pass\u2014the city that Jey\n\naccept his services as a matter of course.\r\nRise very early in the morning, before the stars have gone out, and\n\ntoo great a store on corrugated iron-roofs and glazed drain-pipes.\r\nSo the Englishman went into this palace built of stone, bedded on stone,\n\nonly answer was the cooing of the pigeons on the walls.\r\nIf a man desired beauty, there was enough and to spare in the palace;\n\nengines and the smell of the raw cotton.\r\nThe modern side of Jeypore must not be mixed with the ancient.{", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.8335402011871338, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.5237078666687012, "generated_summary": "The reprint of the first edition of the novel, \"The Tale of Jeypore\" is a reprinted version of the original novel.", "reference_summary": "Avast, me hearties! Be ye ready for an alphabet adventure? Climb aboard then, mateys! As readers accompany a crew of pirates on their exciting treasure hunt, 'Letters of Marque: ABCs for the Savvy Scalawag' delivers a thoroughly enchanting journey for pre- schoolers, and a uniquely entertaining experience for everyone! Cast off the lines and prepare for a fun, educational voyage of pirate lore, nautical rhymes, and engaging shipboard illustrations as the buccaneers roam the seven seas!"}
{"id": "literary_215", "title": "The Worm Ouroboros", "text": "Gorice XII. in Carc\u00eb\r\nThe Lords Juss, Goldry Bluszco, Spitfire, and Brandoch Daha\r\nIn Koshtra Belorn\r\nSoldiers of Demonland\r\nHippogriff in Flight\r\nThe Last Conjuring in Carc\u00eb\n\nTRUE Thomas lay on Huntlie bank,\r\nA ferlie he spied wi his ee;\r\nAnd there he saw a Lady bright\r\nCome riding down by the Eildon Tree.\n\nHer skirt was o the grass-green silk,\r\nHer mantle o the velvet fyne,\r\nAt ilka tett of her horse\u2019s mane\r\nHung fifty siller bells and nine.\n\nTrue Thomas he pulld aff his cap,\r\nAnd louted low down on his knee:\r\n\u201cHail to thee, Mary, Queen of Heaven!\r\nFor thy peer on earth could never be.\u201d\n\n\u201cO no, O no, Thomas,\u201d she says,\r\n\u201cThat name does not belang to me;\r\nI\u2019m but the Queen of fair Elfland,\r\nThat am hither come to visit thee.\n\n\u201cHarp and carp, Thomas,\u201d she says,\r\n\u201cHarp and carp alang wi me.\r\nAnd if ye dare to kiss my lips,\r\nSure of your bodie I will be.\u201d\n\n\u201cBetide me weal, betide me woe,\r\nThat weird shall never daunton me.\u201d\r\nSyne he has kissed her rosy lips,\r\nAll underneath the Eildon Tree.\n\nTo W. G. E. and to my friends K. H.\r\nand G. C. L. M. I dedicate this book\r\nIt is neither allegory nor fable but a Story to be read for its own\n\nsky from behind the straight clean outline of the Screes.\r\nCool long shadows stole across the tennis lawn. The air was golden.\n\nHe had her hand in his. This was their House.\r\n\u201cShould we finish that chapter of Njal?\u201d she said.\r\nShe took the heavy volume with its faded green cover, and read: \u201cHe\n\nHere I ride swift steed,\r\nHis flank flecked with rime,\r\nRain from his mane drips,\r\nHorse mighty for harm;\r\nFlames flare at each end,\r\nGall glows in the midst,\r\nSo fares it with Flosi\u2019s redes\r\nAs this flaming brand flies;\r\nAnd so fares it with Flosi\u2019s redes\r\nAs this flaming brand flies.\n\nthe flames and vanished there.\r\n\u201cAfter that he went to his bed, and was senseless for a long time, but\n\nwe sleep in the east wing to-night?\u201d\r\n\u201cWhat, in the Lotus Room?\u201d\r\n\u201cYes.\u201d\r\n\u201cI\u2019m too much of a lazy-bones to-night, dear,\u201d she answered.\r\n\u201cDo you mind if I go alone,", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.7316815853118896, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.5180841684341431, "generated_summary": "The acclaimed novel of the same name by author and illustrator Roberta Levy, is a story of a young woman who has been swept away by the world of her own imagination. She is unable to find her way back to the world she was born in. Her life is shaped by the fact that she is surrounded by her family, and her life is not easy.", "reference_summary": "The Worm Ouroboros weaves strands from Norse saga, Greek myth, and Elizabethan drama together with magical adventure to produce one of the most eccentric masterpieces of English literature. Anticipating J. R. R. Tolkien by a few decades, E. R. Eddison imagined an Other World full of wonders and a huge cast of warriors, witches, and monsters. He also invented one of the truly distinctive styles in English prose. Its language is densely ornamented and deliberately archaic, but also precise, vigorous, and flexible enough to convey wistful tenderness one minute and violent action the next. In the "}
{"id": "literary_216", "title": "Mr. Britling Sees it Through", "text": "with things American than he had ever dared to hope.\r\nHe had promised himself this visit for many years, but being of\n\npossibilities with Mr. Britling, who lived at Matching's Easy.\r\nMr. Direck was a type of man not uncommon in America. He was\n\ndo not want to.\r\n\"Aye-ya!\"\r\n\"Fussin' about thea.\"\r\n\"Mr. Robinson, 'e went to Lon', 'e did. That's 'ow 'e 'urt 'is\n\nfut.\"\r\nMr. Direck had learnt at the main-line junction that he had to tell the guard to stop the train for\n\nstay over the week-end.\r\nAnd here they were shaking hands.\r\nMr. Britling did not look at all as Mr. Direck had expected him\n\nintellectual distinction Mr. Britling was unusually short.\r\nFor there can be no denying that Mr. Britling was, in a sense,\n\nrewarded the station-master's services.\r\n\"Ready?\" asked Mr. Britling.\r\n\"That's all right sir,\" the station-master reverberated.\r\nWith a rather wide curve Mr. Britling steered his way out of the\n\nor at the extremest the third time in his life.\r\nThe thing became evident when he struggled to get into the high\n\nair, and became still.\r\n\"Do we go through these ancient gates?\" asked Mr. Direck.\r\nMr. Britling looked over his right shoulder and considered\n\nshould have to get down and wind up the engine.\"\r\nAfter that came a corner, the rounding of which seemed to\n\nthis question clearly, but just at the moment I forgot.\"\r\nHe reflected and experimented in a way that made the engine\n\nwheel back? Then if I reverse, perhaps we'll get a move on....\"\r\nMr. Direck descended, and there were considerable efforts.\r\n\"If you'd just grip the spokes. Yes, so.... One, Two, Three!...\n\nus. Oh! Somebody will come all right. Won't you get up again?\"\r\nAnd after a reflective moment Mr. Direck resumed his seat beside\n\nneed scarcely say. And here I am\u2014going at my own pace.\"\r\nMr. Direck glanced for a moment at the pretty disorder of the\n\nThis rally of Mr. Direck's mind was suddenly interrupted.\r\nMr. Britling stood up, and putting both hands to the sides of\n\ngot to fetch you. And, I say! is it true?", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.395817369222641, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The story of a young man who is a snobby, sloppy, and apathetic. He is the only one who can be a good friend to his wife, and the only person who can help him.", "reference_summary": "H.G. Wells' attempt to make sense of World War I. It begins with a lighthearted account of an American visiting England for the first time, but the outbreak of war changes everything. Day by day and month by month, Wells chronicles the unfolding events and public reaction as witnessed by the inhabitants of one house in rural Essex. Each of the characters tries in a different way to keep their bearings in a world suddenly changed beyond recognition. This book was published in 1916 while the war was still in progress, so no clear resolution was possible. Wells did not know how long the war would"}
{"id": "literary_217", "title": "The Madam", "text": "perfection\u2014the scene prepared, waiting only the actors in it.\r\nIt is curious to look into a centre of life like this, all ready for the\n\nhappiness, the nucleus of other happy homes to come?\r\nA pause: the fire only crackling now and then, a little burst of flame\n\ntremor and hesitation, \u201cwill be very angry if she finds you here.\u201d\r\n\u201cI wish, Miss Rosalind, you\u2019d have a little more respect for yourself.\n\nshould have been lady of everything\u2014\u201d\r\n\u201cRussell, I wish you would not be such a fool! My poor little mother\n\n\u201cand will, till I die, or till one of us\u2014\u201d\r\n\u201cGo up-stairs,\u201d said Rosalind, peremptorily, \u201cat once! What have you to\n\ntruth; only I am the one that knows the best.\u201d\r\nRosalind\u2019s white figure flew across the faint light. She grasped the\n\nworld outside and look for the fugitive there.\r\nRosalind had resisted the impulse to do so for many an{6} evening. She had\n\ndining-room, every variation in which kept her in alarm.\r\nBut it was in vain she gazed; nothing crossed the park except the sweep\n\nyet for the moment trust herself to speak.\r\nCHAPTER II.\r\nThe gentlemen who came into the drawing-room at Highcourt were four in\n\nlittle artifice which Uncle John perceived, but no one else.\r\n\u201cNow this is a strange thing,\u201d said Mr. Trevanion, \u201cthat in{10} my own\n\nlikes to see for one\u2019s self.\u201d\r\n\u201cThen why can\u2019t she send you to see for yourself. This is treatment I am\n\naltogether a masculine game. Will you cut for the deal?\u201d\r\nBut by this time Mr. Trevanion had recovered his breath. \u201cIt is what I\n\nlike a stuck pig, but speak!\u201d\r\nThis was addressed to an unlucky footman who had come in prowling on one\n\nvoice, which went through your ears like a skewer.\r\nWhile these thoughts went through young Hamerton\u2019s mind he had gradually\n\nblack trees, where had she been?{16}\r\nCHAPTER III.\r\n\u201cI married her without a penny,\u201d Mr. Trevanion was saying. \u201cI was a fool\n\ncondescended, Madam, to come at last.\u201d\r\nShe was a tall woman, with a figure full of dignity and grace. If it was\n\nsomething you don\u2019t choose to", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.49761247634887695, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The story of a young woman who is a fugitive and a widow.", "reference_summary": "Scars might fade but the memories don't...\nThree years and eleven months. That's how long Lizzie Wells was banged up inside Holloway prison for, serving time for a crime she didn't commit.\nSix months. That's how long it took Lizzie to fall in love with a woman inside the prison. Scar, who might just have reason for her name.\nNow Lizzie is finally free, the duo embark on a search to find those who framed Lizzie and sent her down for cold blooded murder.\nTHE BUSINESS MAN. THE COPPER. THE MADAM.\nIt's time they paid their price..."}
{"id": "literary_218", "title": "Voodoo Planet (Solar Queen, #3)", "text": "of the planet Khatka.\r\n[Pg 2]\r\nCAST OF CHARACTERS\r\nDane Thorson\r\nHe wanted to spend a short vacation on Khatka, not\n\nthe rest of his life.\r\nMedic Tau\r\nWas he physician or magician\u2014or a little bit of both?\r\nChief Ranger Asaki\r\nTracking the forests had taught him that mad animals\u2014whether\n\n23 West 47th Street, New York 36, N. Y.\r\n[Pg 4]\r\nVOODOO PLANET\r\nCopyright \u00a9, 1959, by Ace Books, Inc.\r\nAll Rights Reserved\r\nPrinted in U. S. A.\n\ntemper. Dane had been allowed no such escape.\r\nThe Queen had a schedule for refitting to serve as a mail\n\nsupplies, and Sindbad, ship's cat, asleep in some empty cabin.\r\nDane jerked his tunic into place, very much on his guard\n\na suggestion of accent.\r\n\"I am Kort Asaki. I believe Captain Jellico expects me.\"\r\n\"Yes, sir!\" Dane snapped to attention. So this was the\n\nyou could do to foul up concentrates in an automatic cooker.\r\n\"Company?\" Tau sat beyond the cooking unit nursing a\n\nworth visiting.\"\r\n\"Not on a Free Trader's pay,\" commented Dane.\r\n\"You can always hope to make a big strike, boy. But what\n\nthem after they landed out here.\"\r\n\"And Khatkans are really special?\"\r\n\"Well, they have an amazing history. The colony was\n\ndish out to a poacher they net!\"\r\n\"So that rumor has spread satisfactorily!\"\r\nCoffee slopped over the brim of Tau's mug and Dane\n\npalm, batted at it playfully with claw-sheathed paw.\r\n\"A Terran cat! It is of the lion family?\"\r\n\"Far removed,\" Jellico supplied. \"You'd have to add a\n\nlot of bulk to Sindbad to promote him to the lion class.\"\r\n\"We have only the old tales.\" Asaki sounded almost wistful\n\non my desk was the final one from Combine?\"\r\n\"Yes, sir. There's no hope of the Rover setting down here\n\nhowl petitions to when some darkness falls upon them?\"\r\n\"Some of the magic I have seen is trickery, some of it\n\nfor which we have not yet found any logical explanations\u2014\"\r\n\"And I believe,\" Asaki interrupted, \"it is also true that a\n\nthing in the cramped space of the mess cabin.\r\n\"Yes, a highly developed form of it,\" Tau agreed.\r\n\"", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.3109114170074463, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The first book in the series of books by the author of \"The Adventures of a Cat\" (1996), \"The Legend of 'Katka'\" (1997), and \"The Tale of _Katka_\" (1998).", "reference_summary": "The story is described as a \"duel of the cosmic magicians.\" It involves two witch doctors who conjure up ghosts and demons against each other and might appear to be fantasy. But Norton bases the wizards' magic on the use of mildly hallucinogenic drugs, psychological manipulation and latent telepathy, which place the story within the realm of science fiction."}
{"id": "literary_219", "title": "Why We Love Music", "text": "Musical knowledge, 5; Musical feeling, 5; Musical action, 6; Music as play, 7; Musical imagination, 8; Who loves music?, 8.\n\nFrom smile to music, 12; Music in play, 14; Environment, 15; Music and speech, 16; Musical talent, 17; Musical education, 18.\n\nA broadened conception of music, 22; The analysis of talent, 23; Group instruction, 24; Formal lessons delayed, 25; A sympathetic listener, 26; Music lovers vs. virtuosi, 27.\n\nThe emotional age, 29; The age of serious play, 30; The age of decision and eliminations, 30; The educational age, 30; The age of leisure, 32.\n\nMusic, an academic subject, 34; Orientation in the grades, 35; Group activities in voice and instrument, 35; Contests, 36; The hearing of music, 37.\n\ngive an equivalent, indeed a more or less unconditional surrender.\r\nIn all efforts to describe and explain, we reach out for specific\n\nto the positive side of musical response, the love of music.\r\nTHE MUSICAL MEDIUM\r\nOrganic response. Man is born with a psychophysical organism\n\nwhich played a large role in his human economy and development.\r\nMusic proper. Sounds may be woven into beautiful patterns.\n\nsome form of dreamlike realization of the subjects of his longings.\r\nTHE MUSICAL MOTIVES\r\nWhat we are called upon to explain then in the attraction for\n\nthe glimpse into the infinite which is love of the object pursued.\r\nThe role of intelligence in music is well illustrated in recent\n\nseeks to convey, a state of forgetfulness of self and concrete facts.\r\nThus music is a language of emotion. Through it the composer\n\nthe spirit of adventure, lies within the power of music.\r\nWho loves music? The love of music is not universal. Deep,\n\nwho disavow it are merely dying with all their music in them.\r\n9For such failures and inadequacies there are many possible\n\nadequately the nature of the child mind and the nature of music.\r\nFrom smile to music. All mental development begins with\n\nwell-being, and the meaning of this puckering is thus enriched.\r\nIt gradually radiates fro", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.3687114715576172, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The symphony of the saxophone is a musical instrument that is used to play music. It is characterized by its spherical, curved, and curved movements.", "reference_summary": "Did you know that . . .\ncarrying a musical instrument makes you more attractive?\nmusic can cure insomnia?\nmusic can change the taste of wine?\nthe Mozart effect has nothing to do with Mozart?\nBarry Manilow songs can be used for crowd control?\nWhy does music affect you so profoundly? It impacts the way you think, talk, feel, behave and even spend money. With his conversational style, humour, and endless knowledge, scientist and musician John Powell showcases fascinating studies - for example that shoppers spend more money in stores that play classical music and, even more astounding, they are mo"}
{"id": "literary_220", "title": "Church History: A Crash Course for the Curious", "text": "The English reader is here presented with a translation of the ninth edition of a work which first appeared in\u00a01849, and has obtained a most distinguished place, it might be said almost a monopoly, as a text-book of Church History in the German Universities. Since 1850, when the second edition was issued, an English translation of which has been widely used in Britain and America, Dr.\u00a0Kurtz has given great attention to the improvement of his book. The increase of size has not been caused by wordy amplification, but by an urgent necessity felt by the author as he used the vast materials that recent years have spread out before the historical student. In\u00a01870 Dr.\u00a0Kurtz retired from his professorship, and has conscientiously devoted himself to bring up each successive edition of his text-book to the point reached by the very latest scholarship of his own and other lands. In his Preface to the ninth edition of 1885 he claims to have made very special improvements on the presentation of the history of the first three centuries, where ample use is made of the brilliant researches of Harnack and other distinguished scholars of the day.\n\nThe first English volume is a reproduction without retrenchment of the original; but in the second volume an endeavour has been made to render the text-book more convenient and serviceable to British and American students by slightly abridging some of those paragraphs which give minute details of the Reformation work in various German provinces. But even there care has been taken not to omit any fact of interest or importance. No pains have been spared to give the English edition a form that may entitle it to occupy that front rank among students\u2019 text-books of Church History which the original undoubtedly holds in Germany.\n\nWhile the translator was working from the ninth edition of\u00a01885, a tenth edition had appeared during\u00a01887, to which unfortunately his attention was not called until quite recently. The principal additions and alteration", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.39138513803482056, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The first edition of the text-book of Church History in the German Universities is a translation of the ninth edition of 1885, and it is based on the work of Dr. Kurtz, who was a scholar of the Reformation.", "reference_summary": "In this concise, accessible guide, author Christopher Catherwood takes his readers through the history of the faith, educating them about the uniqueness of Christianity from its birth to the diverse, global Evangelical Church we know today. Church Historyis the perfect place to start for anyone who wants to know where to begin this quest for knowledge.\nEnjoy discovering more about the lives of men and women from various times and places, not only to better understand the church, but also to know how to live wisely in this age. These are some of the many reasons why history is so important.\nFro"}
{"id": "literary_221", "title": "The Bears of Blue River", "text": "\u201cWhen the bear got within a few feet of Balser ... the boy grew desperate with fear, and struck at the beast with the only weapon he had\u2014his string of fish\u201d\r\n25\n\n\u201cBalser turned in time to see a great, lank, gray wolf emerge from the water, carrying a gander by the neck\u201d\r\n109\n\n\u201cThe boys tied together the legs of the old wolves and swung them over the pole ... and started home leading the pups\u201d\r\n127\n\n\u201cLiney thrust the burning torch into the bear\u2019s face and held it there despite its rage and growls\u201d\r\nfacing 168\n\n\u201cWHEN THE BEAR GOT WITHIN A FEW FEET OF BALSER ... THE BOY GREW DESPERATE WITH FEAR, AND STRUCK AT THE BEAST WITH THE ONLY WEAPON HE HAD\u2014HIS STRING OF FISH.\u201d\n\nand whined something in a low voice.\r\n\u201cWhat does he say, Jim?\u201d asked Balser.\r\n\u201cHe says for Tom not to tell you anything\n\npointing as the cub had indicated.\r\n\u201cHow far is it?\u201d asked Balser.\r\nJerry lay down and rolled over twice.\r\n\u201cTwo hours\u2019 walk,\u201d said Jim.\r\n\u201cHow shall I find the place?\u201d asked\n\n\u201cBALSER TURNED IN TIME TO SEE A GREAT, LANK, GRAY WOLF EMERGE FROM THE WATER, CARRYING A GANDER BY THE NECK.\u201d\n\n\u201cTHE BOYS TIED TOGETHER THE LEGS OF THE OLD WOLVES AND SWUNG THEM OVER THE POLE ... AND STARTED HOME LEADING THE PUPS.\u201d\n\nhouse?\u201d\r\n182\u201cYou bet I stayed in,\u201d said Jim.\r\n\u201cAnd so did I,\u201d said Tom.\r\nNo one paid any attention to what Jim\n\nand it has strange words engraved upon it.\u201d\r\nBalser was alive with interest.\r\n\u201cDo you promise never to tell any one\n\nforced him to divulge.\r\n\u201cWhat is it? Quick, quick, Liney!\u201d\r\n\u201cYou\u2019ll never tell?\u201d\r\n\u201cNo, cross my\u2014\u201d\r\n\u201cWell, I\u2019ll tell you. I\u2019ve a thing at home\n\nlittle valley that led down to the water\u2019s edge.\r\n\u201cThere\u2019s our home,\u201d said Balser.\r\nThe sycamore was hollow, and at its roots\n\nof his castle and devour the intruders.\r\n\u201cWhat will you bet?\u201d said Tom.\r\n\u201cI didn\u2019t say I would bet anything. I\n\nBy CHARLES MAJOR\r\nAuthor of \u201cWhen Knighthood Was in Flower,\u201d etc.\r\nWith eight full-page illustrations by Howard Chandler Christy\r\nCloth \u2004 \u2004 \u2004 12mo \u2004 \u2004 \u2004 $1.50\n\nby the spirit and freshness ", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.4567054212093353, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The story of a young boy who is a wolf and a bear, and whose only weapon is his string of fish.", "reference_summary": "The Bears of Blue River describes the adventures of a young boy growing up in early nineteenth-century rural Indiana. Little Balser lives with his parents, a younger brother, and a baby sister in a cozy log cabin on the bank of the Big Blue River. Although only thirteen or fourteen years old, he is quite familiar with the dangers and rigors of frontier life. As the story unfolds, the boy becomes lost in the forest, encounters the fierce one-eared bear, and is nearly caught by a bear as he dozes next to what he thinks is a bearskin. This is a book for children or adults who love nature and tale"}
{"id": "literary_222", "title": "Fabre's Book of Insects", "text": "Suddenly, at my feet, a lovely bird flew out from its [3]hiding-place under a big stone. In a moment I had found the nest, which was made of\n\nMeanwhile the mother-bird was flying about uneasily from stone to stone, crying \u201dTack! Tack!\u201d in a voice of the greatest anxiety. I was too small to understand what she was suffering.\n\nwhat does Saxicola mean?\u201d Years later I learnt that Saxicola means an inhabitant of the rocks. My bird with the blue eggs was a Stone-chat.\n\nMany a time I returned to that delightful spinney, [5]and learnt my first lessons in mushroom-lore in the company of the Crows. My collections,\n\nIt has always been my great desire to have a laboratory [6]in the open fields\u2014not an easy thing to obtain when one lives in a state of constant\n\nof a little village. It was a harmas, which is the name we give in this part of Provence to an untilled, pebbly expanse\n\nMy own particular harmas, however, had a small quantity of red earth mixed with the stones, and had been roughly\n\nvegetation had been driven out by the three-pronged fork. There [7]was no thyme left, nor lavender, nor a single clump of the dwarf oak. As thyme and\n\nfind specimens of their masonry on the stones in the harmas. Next comes a kind of Wild Bee who stacks her cells in the winding staircase of an\n\nWhile the walls of my harmas were being built some great heaps of stones and mounds of sand were scattered here\n\na deafening orchestra. And boldest [10]of all, the Wasp has taken possession of the house itself. On my doorway lives the\n\nIt is not at all nice food. For the work of this Beetle [12]is to scour the filth from the surface of the soil. The ball he rolls so carefully\n\nbegins the journey. He clasps the ball with his long hind-legs and walks with [13]his fore-legs, moving backwards with his head down and his hind-quarters in the air.\n\nHis aid seems to be accepted [14]willingly. But the new-comer is not really a partner: he is a robber. To make one\u2019s\n\nScarab shuts himself in by stopping up the ent", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.7109819054603577, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.5121071338653564, "generated_summary": "The re-issue of the first edition of the novel, \"The Wasp\" is a reprint of the original novel.", "reference_summary": "Hailed by Darwin as \"The Homer of Insects,\" famed French entomologist Jean Henri Fabre (1823-1915) devoted hours of rapt attention to insects while they hunted, built nests, and fed their families. Working in Provence, in barren, sun-scorched fields inhabited by countless wasps and bees, he observed their intricate and fascinating world, recounting their activities in simple, beautifully written essays.\nThis volume, based on translations of Fabre's Souvenirs Entomologiques,blends folklore and mythology with factual explanation. Fabre's absorbing account of the scarab beetle's existence, for ex"}
{"id": "literary_223", "title": "The Hoosier Schoolmaster: A Story of Backwoods Life in Indiana", "text": "PREFACE TO THE LIBRARY EDITION.\r\nBEING THE HISTORY OF A STORY.\r\n\"THE HOOSIER SCHOOL-MASTER\" was written and printed in the\n\nhowever, that the original multiplicand had been rather small.\r\nPapers in Canada and in some of the other English colonies\n\ncollege. I here do public penance for my culpable indiscretion.\r\n\"Jeems Phillips,\" name and all, is a real person whom at the\n\nPART OF THE PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION.\r\nI may as well confess, what it would be affectation to conceal,\n\nworld to which Cooper's lively imagination had given birth.\r\nI had some anxiety lest Western readers should take offence at\n\nconsidered a member of the Church of the Best Licks, however.\r\nIt has been in my mind to append some remarks, philological and\n\ndoors, sonny, neck and heels, afore Christmas.\"\r\nThe young man, who had walked ten miles to get the school in\n\nsavages in spite of themselves dashed his ardor.\r\nHe had walked right to where Jack Means was at work shaving\n\nfear, he sat down on a wheelbarrow.\r\n\"You, Bull!\" said the old man to the dog, which was showing more\n\ngo,\" said the older son to Ralph, by way of comfort.\r\nIt was well for Ralph that he began to \"board roun'\" by stopping\n\nfeller.\"\r\n\"'Nough said[3],\" was Bill's reply.\r\n\"You durn't[4] do it,\" said Bud.\r\n\"I don't take no sech a dare[5],\" returned Bill, and walked down to the gate, by\n\nlike to take a coon hunt nor nothin', would you?\"\r\n\"Why, yes,\" said Ralph, \"there's nothing I should like better,\n\nif I could only be sure Bull wouldn't mistake me for the coon.\"\r\nAnd so, as a matter of policy, Ralph dragged his tired legs\n\ncomment, \"Ef Bull once takes a holt, heaven and yarth[8] can't make him let go.\"\r\nBut as they walked home, Bud carrying the raccoon by the tail,\n\nhim more since he had climbed that tree.\r\n\"Purty peart kind of a master,\" remarked the old man to Bud,\n\nheard the conversation through the thin partition.\r\nRalph woke delighted to find it raining. He did not want to hunt\n\nbest day I ever seed!\" Bill could pay no higher", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.7800527811050415, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.5243591070175171, "generated_summary": "The first book in the series of books by the author, \"The Book of the Dead\" is a collection of short stories and essays by the writer. It is based on the novel of the same name by the same author.", "reference_summary": "A novel by the American author, historian and Methodist Minister whose tales (especially the Hoosier series) were very popular in their time."}
{"id": "literary_224", "title": "The Quadroon", "text": "Chapter Twenty.\r\nMy Journal.\r\nI varied the monotony of my invalid existence by keeping a journal.\r\nThe journal of a sick chamber must naturally be barren of incident. Mine was a diary of reflections rather than acts. I transcribe a few passages from it\u2014not on account of any remarkable interest which they possess\u2014but because, dotted down at the time, they represent more faithfully some of the thoughts and incidents that occurred to me during the remainder of my stay on the plantation Besan\u00e7on.\n\nAugust 2nd.\u2014I hear of Gayarre again. He has been to the house, and made a longer stay with Mademoiselle than usual. What can he have to do with her? Can his society be agreeable to her? Surely that is impossible! And yet such frequent visits\u2014such long conferences! If she marry such a man as this I pity her, poor victim!\u2014for victim will she be. He must have some power over her to act as he is doing. He seems master of the plantation, says Scipio, and issues his orders to every one with the air of its owner. All fear him and his \u201cnigger-driver,\u201d as the ruffian Larkin is called. The latter is more feared by Scipio, who has noticed some further rude conduct on the part of the overseer towards \u201chim leettle Chloe.\u201d Poor fellow! he is greatly distressed; and no wonder, when even the law does not allow him to protect the honour of his own child!\r\nI have promised to speak to Mademoiselle about the affair; but I fear, from what reaches my ears, that she is almost as powerless as Scipio himself!\n\nAugust 3rd.\u2014To-day, for the first time, I am able to go out of my room. I have taken a walk through the shrubbery and garden. I encountered Aurore among the orange-trees, gathering the golden fruit; but she was accompanied by little Chloe, who held the basket. What would I not have given to have found her alone! A word or two only was I able to exchange with her, and she was gone.\r\nShe expressed her pleasure at seeing me able to be abroad. She seemed pleased; I fancied she felt so, I never saw h", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.4363400936126709, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The first book in the series of books by the author, \"The Countess of the Orange-trees\" is a collection of short stories written by the writer. It is based on the novel of the same name by the same author.", "reference_summary": "According to Wikipedia: \"Thomas Mayne Reid (April 4, 1818 - October 22, 1883), was an Irish-American novelist. \"Captain\" Reid wrote many adventure novels akin to those written by Frederick Marryat and Robert Louis Stevenson. He was a great admirer of Lord Byron. These novels contain action that takes place primarily in untamed settings: the American West, Mexico, South Africa, the Himalayas, and Jamaica.\""}
{"id": "literary_225", "title": "Pictures Don't Lie", "text": "the biggest celebrities ever to appear in headlines.\r\n\"No, nothing directly.\"\r\n\"Any ideas or deductions?\" Herald persisted.\r\n\"Their world must be Earth-like to them,\" the weary-looking young man\n\nhis forehead with sweat. \"That doesn't necessarily mean anything.\"\r\n\"Earth-like,\" muttered a reporter, writing it down as if he had noticed\n\nand received a quick glance in exchange.\r\nThe Herald asked Nathen, \"You think they are dangerous, then?\"\r\nIt was the kind of question, assuming much, which usually broke\n\npositive on the opposite tack.\r\nA fleeting smile touched Nathen's lips. \"Those I know are.\"\r\nThere was no lead in this direction, and they had to get the basic\n\nby instinct to telling anything to the public.\r\nNathen glanced at him doubtfully. \"My job is radio decoder for the\n\npatterns.\"\r\nThe officer cleared his throat, but said nothing.\r\nThe reporters smiled, noting that down.\r\nSecurity regulations had changed since arms inspection had been\n\ncame to Newton when he saw the apple fall.\r\n\"I decided it wasn't natural. I tried decoding it.\"\r\nHurriedly he tried to explain it away and make it seem obvious. \"You\n\nscreech before.\"\r\n\"You mean they broadcast at us in code?\" asked the News.\r\n\"It's not exactly code. All you need to do is record it and slow it\n\ntremendously, so we wouldn't pick up more than a bip as it passes.\"\r\n\"How do you account for the number of squawks coming in?\" the Times\n\nprivate question; he spoke impulsively from interest and excitement.\r\nThe radio decoder grinned, the lines of strain vanishing from his face\n\nat each other over the radio. Maybe the human type is standard model.\"\r\n\"It would take something like that,\" the Times agreed. They smiled at\n\nequipment with \"Radio Lab, U.S. Property\" stenciled on it.\r\n\"I recorded a couple of package screeches from Sagittarius and began\n\nband-spread of the squawks had suggested color TV from the beginning.\"\r\nHe walked over and touched the set. The speaker bipped slightly and\n\nspaceship which now circled the atmosphe", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.18441951274871826, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The squawks were a remark on the radio decoder's face, and the sneezing of the fetus was a sign of the time.", "reference_summary": "The aliens were friendly. There was no doubt about that, communication via radio and video made that clear. The decision was made to direct the aliens to a landing spot on Earth. During the landing something goes terrible wrong and the aliens crash land in a swamp and are attacked by hostile creatures. Humanity rushes to find the aliens before it's too late, but will they be in time?"}
{"id": "literary_226", "title": "The Divine Fire", "text": "wondered, would she say to Savage Keith Rickman?\r\nOn Saturday, when he first came down into Devonshire, he would have\n\nand undisturbed by any suggestion of his bodily presence.\r\nMeanwhile, Rickman's poem, or rather the first two Acts of his\n\nwould have been any the wiser if he had.\r\n\"And it was you who discovered him?\" Her voice lingered with a\n\neyes and let that, too, sink into him.\r\n\"Yes,\" he murmured, \"nobody else has had a hand in it\u2014as yet.\"\r\n\"And what are you going to do with him now you have discovered him?\"\r\nHe opened his eyes, startled by the uncomfortable suggestion. It had\n\nI use him for an article.\"\r\n\"Oh, Horace, is that the way you treat your friends?\"\r\nHe smiled. \"Yes Lucy, sometimes, when they deserve it.\"\r\n\"You haven't told me your friend's name?\"\r\n\"No. I betrayed his innocent confidence sufficiently in showing you\n\nhis play. I can't tell you his name.\"\r\n\"After all, his name doesn't matter.\"\r\n\"No, it doesn't matter. Very likely you'll hear enough of it some\n\nday. You haven't told me what you think of him.\"\r\n\"I don't know what I think\u2014But then, I don't know him.\"\r\n\"No,\" he said, roused to interest by her hesitation, \"you don't know\n\nme feel uncomfortable.\"\r\n\"To tell the truth, Lucy, he makes me feel uncomfortable, too.\"\r\n\"Why?\"\r\n\"Well, when you think you've got hold of a genius, and you take him up\n\nhappens over and over again. The burnt critic dreads the divine fire.\"\r\nHis eyes were fixed on the title page as if fascinated by the words,\n\nHelen in Leuce.\r\n\"But this is not bad\u2014it's not bad for two and twenty.\"\r\n\"Only two and twenty?\"\r\n\"That's all. It looks as if he were made for immortality.\"\r\nShe turned to him that ardent gaze which made the hot day hotter.\r\n\"Dear Horace, you're going to do great things for him.\"\r\nThe worst of having a cousin who adores you is that magnificence is\n\nidea was flattering but also somewhat inconvenient.\r\n\"I don't know about great things. I should like to do something. The\n\nthought of asking him down to Oxford.\"\r\n\"And why ", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.3356468975543976, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The first two Acts of Rickman's poem, or rather the first two acts of his would have been any the wiser if he had.", "reference_summary": "Did Horace \"dare\" take a risk on that poet Rickman? The poet dropped his aitches, for one thing. And there was the matter of that actress he doted on -- low-class! Yet cousin Lucia kept asking about him . . . and Horace did think maybe, just maybe, Rickman was a genius. But could Horace introduce Rickman to his club? He yearned to -- and yet, as he told Lucia, \"The burnt critic dreads the divine fire!\"\nIn this witty 1904 novel of literary and social manners and foibles, May Sinclair demonstrates all the wit, perception and style that made her one of the most respected -- and most read -- novel"}
{"id": "literary_227", "title": "Balzac: La Cousine Bette", "text": "you must be a king?\u201d\r\n\u201cVery well,\u201d Balzac replied, \u201cking I will be.\u201d\r\nAfter many arguments it was finally agreed\n\nwhich the following is a free translation:\u2014\r\nTHE MISFORTUNES AND ADVENTURES OF C\u00c9SAR BIROTTEAU BEFORE HIS BIRTH.\r\nLet us sing, drink, and embrace, like the\n\n\u201cthere is another sign of his in the courtyard.\u201d\r\nBalzac looked deeply chagrined.\r\n\u201cNo matter,\u201d he said; \u201che merited a better\n\nin the two following extracts from his correspondence:\u2014\r\nTO M. CHAPELAIN, PHYSICIAN.\r\nParis, May, 1832.\r\nSir,\u2014I am attracted by the power of somnambulism,\n\nentire house for the first three nights.\u201d\r\n\u201cBut what shall I get?\u201d Lireux timidly inquired.\r\n\u201cHalf the profits, which will be incalculable.\u201d\r\nLireux reflected for a moment. \u201cVery\n\nhis new piece.\r\n\u201cIt will be horrible,\u201d Balzac contentedly replied.\r\n\u201cHow, horrible?\u201d\r\n\u201cUnderstand me: it is not a question of a\n\nit to her lips with a movement\u201d\u2014\r\n\u201cOf sincerity?\u201d\r\n\u201cAh, yes, indeed.\u201d\r\n\u201cYou see, then, that your play may serve as\n\nwords:\u2014\r\n\u201cLe Comte Eug\u00e8ne de Rastignac.\u201d\r\n\u201cM. de Rastignac?\u201d I repeated, incredulously.\r\n\u201cIn person.\u201d\r\n\u201cThe one who was born at Ruffec?\u201d\r\n\u201cPrecisely.\u201d\r\n\u201cThe cousin of Madame de Beaus\u00e9ant?\u201d\r\n\u201cHimself.\u201d\r\n\u201cIs it you who lived at the boarding-house\n\nkept by Madame Vauquer, n\u00e9e De Conflans?\u201d\r\n\u201cExactly.\u201d\r\n\u201cAnd who knew the P\u00e8re Goriot and Vautrin?\u201d\r\n\u201cYes, indeed.\u201d\r\n\u201cYou exist, then?\u201d I stupidly inquired.\r\nM. de Rastignac began to smile.\r\n\u201cDo you think that I present the appearance\n\nsomething that I cannot believe.\u201d\r\n\u201cI had authorized him so to do.\u201d\r\n\u201cYou?\u201d\r\n\u201cNot only I did so, but all my friends did\n\nthe same.\u201d\r\n\u201cAll, you say?\u201d\r\n\u201cCertainly.\u201d\r\n\u201cOf whom do you speak?\u201d\r\n\u201cOf those who are in the theatre and to\n\nwhom I have just bowed.\u201d\r\n\u201cBut where are they?\u201d\r\n\u201cAh, yes; I forgot you cannot see them.\u201d\r\nM. de Rastignac lightly touched my forehead\n\nrejoice Balzac in his tomb.\u201d\r\n\u201cAm I losing my reason?\u201d I asked myself.\r\n\u201cI see that you are skeptical, my dear fellow,\u201d\n\ncalled to one of the spectators:\u2014\r\n\u201cNathan!\u201d\r\n\u201cWell, ", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.3779247999191284, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The story of a young woman who is attracted by the power of somnambulism, and the power that somnambulises her lips with a movement.", "reference_summary": "This up-to-date account of the novel's composition, structure, and achievement provides readers with the literary and historical knowledge needed to make sense of the text. Professor Bellos explains how Balzac challenged prevailing nineteenth-century expectations of what novels should be like."}
{"id": "literary_228", "title": "The Magical Land of Noom", "text": "\u201cIt was in the year 339,700 that I talked to the Queer Horse and the Strange Man put me in the jar\u201d\r\n72\n\nThe Soft-Voiced Cow jumped three feet in the air and started across the valley, kicking her heels and mooing\r\n112\n\nto the sides for wings.\r\n\u201cIt should have a sail,\u201d Janey said.\r\n\u201cYes, it needs a sail and a mast and a rudder,\u201d replied\n\nnail in it turned from side to side as he pulled the strings.\r\n\u201cOh! That\u2019s fine!\u201d Janey exclaimed. \u201cI\u2019ll ask Gran\u2019ma\n\nwe are getting closer to the Moon all the time!\u201d\r\n\u201cThose are queer birds flying by, Sis,\u201d said Johnny, who\n\nout of the box. \u201cYou forgot to stop the Flying Machine.\u201d\r\n\u201cWell, I\u2019ll bring it to a stop very slowly,\u201d Johnny told\n\nover!\u201d\r\nAnd he turned the \u201cStop\u201d spool a fraction of an inch.\r\nNeither of the children was prepared for what followed.\r\nThe Polly Ann shot up over the fence, suddenly, scattering\n\n\u201cI feel as if I\u2019d like to jump!\u201d\r\nAt this Johnny caught his sister\u2019s foot and held it tight.\r\n\u201cDon\u2019t look over the side until you get used to flying!\u201d\n\nto be up so high. Everything seems so small.\u201d\r\nJohnny gave the other spool a twist and the Flying Machine\n\nMachine to a stop again. \u201cWhat shall we do?\u201d\r\n\u201cWell, if it won\u2019t go down, there\u2019s nothing to do but go\n\nwe wanted. Now it only goes ahead or stops.\u201d\r\n\u201cTry guiding it with the rudder,\u201d Janey suggested.\r\nSo Johnny twisted the \u201cStart\u201d spool, and as the Flying\n\nThe Flying Machine slowly turned and flew in a large circle.\r\n\u201cWe can\u2019t do it!\u201d Janey cried, the tears coming to her eyes.\n\nand a lot of other people are out looking at us!\u201d\r\nSure enough, so far below that they looked like tiny specks\n\nspeck of crimson as the sunlight glanced along a hill.\r\n\u201cIsn\u2019t it beautiful!\u201d Janey cried. \u201cI don\u2019t feel as if I\n\n\u201cLook, Sis, what causes that yellow blaze down there?\u201d\r\nThey both looked over the side of the Flying Machine and\n\nthe sun is shining on the Clouds. Look! See the lightning?\u201d\r\nA faint rumble came up to them as of someone rolling\n\nand they had not once turned their heads t", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.35988861322402954, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The Flying Machine is a story of a young girl who is rescued from the spool of splinters that are forming in her body.", "reference_summary": "Come on a high-flying adventure with Johnny and Janey as they travel from their own backyard to the mysterious enchanted kingdom they discover on the other side of the moon.\nWhen Johnny and Janey build their Flying Machine out of some old boards and wooden spools, the last thing they expect is for it to actually take off! But that's just what happens, and before they know it, they're soaring high above the clouds on their way to the Magical Land of Noom.\nFilled with such wonders as mushrooms that taste of ginger cake and flowing springs of lemonade, Noom seems like a paradise to the children. "}
{"id": "literary_229", "title": "On Liberty: And Other Essays", "text": "clerk in the Examiners' Office at the India House.\r\nMill's first essays were written in the Traveller about a year before\n\nfar-off reflection of the light which had irradiated his spiritual life.\r\nII.\r\nThe circumstances under which John Stuart Mill wrote his Liberty are\n\nthat, for whatever reason, the pair lived an ideally happy life.\r\nIt still, however, remains to estimate the extent to which Mrs. Taylor,\n\nthat larger body of which he forms an insignificant part.\r\nNowadays this view of Society and of its development, which we largely\n\nunder new conditions, and requires a different and more fundamental treatment.\r\nThe struggle between Liberty and Authority is the most conspicuous\n\ncircumstances which for a time encouraged it, had continued unaltered.\r\nBut, in political and philosophical theories, as[Pg 6] well as in persons,\n\nincluded among the evils against which society requires to be on its guard.\r\nLike other tyrannies, the tyranny of the majority was at first, and is\n\nthemselves felt in the establishment of moralities with quite as great force.\r\nThe likings and dislikings of society, or of some powerful portion of\n\nto have abated little of its claim to be obeyed.\r\nIn England, from the peculiar circumstances of our political history,\n\nis, with about equal frequency, improperly invoked and improperly condemned.\r\nThe object of this Essay is to assert one very simple principle, as\n\nand justifiable only for the security of others.\r\nIt is proper to state that I forego any advantage which could be derived\n\naccountable to the judgment of his fellow-creatures.\r\nBut there is a sphere of action in which society, as distinguished from\n\nsupposed to be of full age, and not forced or deceived.\r\nNo society in which these liberties are not, on the whole, respected, is\n\nthan by compelling each to live as seems good to the rest.\r\nThough this doctrine is anything but new, and, to some persons, may have\n\npolitical ideal of the most rigid disciplinarian among the ancient philosophers", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.27535516023635864, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The Traveller is a book of essays written by John Stuart Mill, whose first essay was written in the Traveller about a year before far-off reflection of the light which had irradiated his spiritual life.", "reference_summary": "This influential work from British philosopher and politician John Stuart Mill, complemented by his essays on logic, politics and economy, was a radical assertion when it was first published in 1859. A core text in the development of liberalism in England and the U.S., many of Mill's famous political ideas - \"The Harm Principle,\" \"Tyranny of the Majority,\" and the components of human liberty - still spur debate and inspire discussion in political circles today. Also included are Mill's essays \"A Few Words on Non-intervention\" and \"Austin on Jurisprudence.\""}
{"id": "literary_230", "title": "Letters Written During a Short Residence in Sweden, Norway and Denmark", "text": "you, brought out by the expectation of extraordinary profit.\r\nDisliking to sail for Elsineur, and still more to lie at\n\narguments, I for a long time addressed him in vain.\r\nIt is a kind of rule at sea not to send out a boat.\u00a0 The\n\nand promised to row me to the lighthouse.\r\nI did not once allow myself to doubt of obtaining a conveyance\n\nsome jutting rocks, when we should see a pilot\u2019s hut.\r\nThere was a solemn silence in this scene which made itself be\n\ncoffee.\u00a0 I did not then know that it was prohibited.\r\nThe good man of the house apologised for coming in\n\nrepeating some of his stories with a hearty laugh.\r\nI walked on, still delighted with the rude beauties of the\n\ncould not safely have been brought to the house.\r\nThe road at first was very rocky and troublesome, but our\n\nMarguerite\u2019s care, on account of her timidity.\r\nStopping at a little inn to bait the horses, I saw the first\n\ncould not prevail on them to give me anything warm to eat.\r\nThe appearance of the accommodations obliged me to deliver one\n\nconfine my observations more particularly to Sweden.\r\nIt is true I have only had a glance over a small part of it;\n\nbe found than in the remote parts of the country.\r\nThe Swedes pique themselves on their politeness; but far from\n\nfoundation that nothing like a pathway points out the door.\r\nGathered into himself by the cold, lowering his visage to\n\ntheir manhood by carrying a tub to lighten their burden.\r\nYou will not be surprised to hear that they do not wear shoes\n\npower by encroaching on the privileges of the nobles.\r\nThe well-bred Swedes of the capital are formed on the ancient\n\nalways little spirited animals that went on at a round pace.\r\nThe roads, making allowance for the ups and downs, are\n\nrelate an anecdote which I had from good authority.\r\nI noticed, when I first mentioned this place to you, that we\n\nbecause he was by far the richest, though not the mayor.\r\nHere we were most hospitably received, and introduced to a\n\nsuperior, if equal, to the wild grandeur of", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.5939692854881287, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.5046585202217102, "generated_summary": "The first book in the series of novels by the author, a young woman who has been a member of the Swedish royal family for many years. She is the daughter of a wealthy man and a widow. Her husband, whose name is unknown, is a lawyer and he is reputed to be a spokesman for the Swedish government.", "reference_summary": "Originally published in 1796, Mary Wollstonecraft's account of her trip to Denmark, Norway, and Sweden, is compelling both in its picture of countries rarely visited in Regency times and insights into Mary's personal life. Her scenic descriptions and political comments about Norway and her encounters with an impoverished peasantry and Danish townsfolk greedily obsessed by commerce are no less vivid than the outbursts of melancholy in these letters written to Gilbert Imlay, her unfaithful lover and father of her baby. This book attracted William Godwin to its author, who was soon to become his "}
{"id": "literary_231", "title": "The Shrieking Pit", "text": "account for such remarkable behaviour.\r\nAll these things were done by the young man at the alcove table in the breakfast\n\nsee if anybody else had noticed him.\r\nThere were about thirty guests in the big breakfast apartment, which had been\n\nnerve-proof, lazy, fatalistic, or indifferent to bother about Zeppelins.\r\nThese thirty guests, scattered far and wide over the spacious isolation of the\n\nand walked across to the pillar against which Colwyn's table was placed.\r\n\"Will you permit me to take a seat at your table?\" he remarked urbanely. \"I am\n\nmedicine\u2014probably a fashionable Harley Street specialist.\r\nColwyn returned to his scrutiny of the young man at the alcove table, and he and\n\nformer occupation of staring out of the window.\r\n\"He seems quiet enough now,\" observed Colwyn, turning to his companion. \"What do\n\nyou think is the matter with him\u2014shell-shock?\"\r\n\"I would not care to hazard a definite opinion on so cursory an observation,\"\n\nit is commencing. Look at his thumb\u2014that is the danger signal!\"\r\nColwyn looked across the room again. The young man was still sitting in the same\n\nposture, with his gaze bent on the open sea. His left hand was extended rigidly[Pg 17] on the table in\n\nswift movement the young man got up, and started to walk towards this table.\r\nColwyn, who was watching every movement of the young man closely, could not\n\nthe carpet and bend over to loosen his collar.\r\nThe young man lay apparently unconscious on the floor, breathing stertorously,\n\ncrowded around, exclaimed in a sharp voice:\r\n\"He wants air. Please move back there a little.\"\r\n\"Certainly, Sir Henry.\" It was a stout man in a check golfing suit who spoke. \"But\n\nthe ladies are very anxious to know if it is anything serious.\"\r\n\"No, no. He will be quite all right directly. Just fall back, and give him more\n\nthe office and find out the number of this gentleman's room.\"\r\nThe waiter hurried away and speedily returned with the proprietor of the hotel, a\n\n\"He will be better lying quietly on his bed.\"\r\n\"H", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.3901030123233795, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The first book in the series of novels by the author, Colwyn, is a collection of short stories and essays by the writer.", "reference_summary": "It is as strange a place as any for the meeting -- and for as strange a reason. Sir Henry Durwood, renowned throughout England for his medical understanding of the nervous system, has found his attention caught by a young man exhibiting the oddest peculiarities of motion -- peculiarities that just might signal danger to those nearby.\nThe hotel restaurant's tables are but sparsely occupied. Two nights before, a Zeppelin had dropped a few bombs on the Durrington front, and the majority of hotel visitors had departed by the next morning's train, disregarding the proprietor's assurance that the af"}
{"id": "literary_232", "title": "Outside Inn", "text": "scientific methods of feeding. That\u2019s my dream.\u201d\r\n\u201cA good little dream, all right.\u201d\r\n\u201cTo make people eat the right food; to help\n\nbelong the spoils, et cetera, et cetera\u2014\u201d\r\n\u201cMoney simply does not interest me.\u201d\r\n13\r\n\u201cDick interests you. I don\u2019t know to what\n\ntell Caroline or Betty\u2014or Dick.\u201d\r\n\u201cI swear.\u201d\r\nNancy held out her hand to him.\r\n\u201cYou\u2019re a good boy,\u201d she said, \u201cand I appreciate\n\n\u201ca dimpled man with a little finger ring.\u201d\r\n\u201cHe can run a car, though,\u201d Nancy retorted.\r\n\u201cI\u2019ll bet little blue eyes could run a restaurant.\u201d\r\n\u201cThat was just the trouble,\u2014she would have\n\nhave a helper to do that.\u201d\r\n\u201cWhy can\u2019t Michael help him?\u201d Dick asked.\r\n\u201cMichael calls him the Haythan Shinee. He\n\nsimple, and\u2014and\u2014\u201d\r\n\u201cSimply perfect,\u201d Billy assisted her.\r\n\u201cIsn\u2019t she going to eat with us?\u201d Dick asked.\r\n\u201cShe can\u2019t. She\u2019s busy getting it going just\n\nthrough the darkness.\r\n\u201cDo you really like this restaurant?\u201d she persisted.\r\n\u201cIn some ways I like it very much. The food\n\nbut I\u2019ve found a way around that, now.\u201d\r\n\u201cOh! have you?\u201d said Nancy.\r\n\u201cDon\u2019t give me away, but there\u2019s a man\n\nmost equable evenings.\u201d\r\n\u201cI beg your pardon,\u201d Collier Pratt said.\r\nFor the first time since she had seen his face\n\nplace.\u201d\r\n\u201cYou didn\u2019t expect to get in there to-night.\u201d\r\n\u201cI had hopes of it. I\u2019ve not dined, you see.\u201d\r\n\u201cNot dined?\u201d Nancy\u2019s eyes widened in dismay.\r\n\u201cThere\u2019s no use for me to dine unless I can\n\nmineral water, or coffee with cream in it.\u201d\r\n65\r\n\u201cI like coffee after dinner, not before.\u201d\r\n\u201cIf you only eat when it\u2019s convenient, or the\n\nif I put you on a bus or a street-car?\u201d\r\n\u201cIf you\u2019ll call a taxi for me\u2014\u201d Nancy said.\r\nShe noticed that the check was paid with\n\nout. I couldn\u2019t stay inside a minute longer.\u201d\r\n\u201cYou need never explain anything to me.\u201d\r\n\u201cDon\u2019t you want to know where I\u2019ve been?\u201d\r\nDick looked at her carefully before he made\n\nthe intelligent supervision comes in.\u201d\r\n\u201cWhat do you intend to do about them?\u201d\r\n\u201cWatch over them a little more carefully.\n\nraise all the money you want on your expectations.\u201d\r\n\u201c", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.39221084117889404, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The story of a young woman who is a snobby, sexy, and a little blue eyes.", "reference_summary": "'The watercolor paintings are truly marvelous as they depict a multiethnic quartet of boys and girls spending a beautiful day by a pond expanding on mud-pie possibilities. (A) rousing, reactive read-aloud...Quiet time with each illustration is most rewarding. --School Library Journal"}
{"id": "literary_233", "title": "The Wailing Wall", "text": "waiting for him in the disabled Marco Four.\r\nWaiting for him....\r\nThey might as well have been back on Terra, five hundred light-years\n\naimless wanderings. If, once there, he could see\u2014\r\nHe did not find light, only a lesser darkness. The tunnel led him\n\ndivided between Gibson's task and Farrell's long silence in the dome.\r\nStryker at this moment would be regretting the congenital optimism\n\nsmoking and watching the stars grow bright in the evening sky.\r\n\"Isolate a human colony from its parent planet for two centuries,\n\nwarped them permanently or they're a tribe of congenital maniacs.\"\r\nStryker prodded him socratically: \"Particulars?\"\r\n\"When we crashed here five weeks ago, there were an even thousand\n\nto come out of the Marco, then what in God's name did they expect?\"\r\nHe sat up restlessly and stubbed out his cigarette. \"It's an\n\na shadowy dispersal of silent figures. After that, nothing.\r\n\"They did it again,\" Farrell said. \"One of them tried to come up here\n\ntrust them, Lee, even if we could understand them!\"\r\n\"It's our job to understand them,\" Stryker said doggedly. \"Our function\n\nlongevity helps; they don't get it back until they're ready for it.\r\n\"I've seen some pretty foul results of Hymenop experimenting\n\nthem straight.\"\r\nHe took one of Farrell's cigarettes and puffed it placidly.\r\n\"For that matter, Earth had her own share of eccentric cultures. I\n\nis neutralizing it.\"\r\nThey stared at him as if he had just told them the planet was flat.\r\n\"But a Ringwave can't be stopped completely, once it is started,\"\n\nStryker protested. \"You'd have to dismantle it to shut it off, Gib!\"\r\n\"The warping field can be damped out, though,\" Gibson said. \"Adjacent\n\npower plants are set to the same phase for that reason.\"\r\n\"But these natives can't have a Ringwave plant!\" Farrell argued.\n\nto retreat.... Gib, do you think they're still here?\"\r\nGibson did not shrug, but his voice seemed to. \"It won't matter one way\n\nor the other unless we can clear the Marco's generator.\"\r\nFrom another man", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.25114455819129944, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The first book in the series of books by the author of the novel \"The Ringwave\" (1996), \"The Spheres\" (1997), and \"The Darkest Hour\" (1998).", "reference_summary": "/Leonard Everett Fisher, /author and illustrator From King Solomon's building of the First Temple to the Six Day War, the history of the Wailing Wall and its ties to the Jewish people are explored in Fisher's evocative illustration"}
{"id": "literary_234", "title": "The Voice of the People", "text": "The jury had vanished from the semicircle of straight-backed chairs in the old court-house, the clerk had laid aside his pen along with his air of listless attention, and the judge was making his way through the straggling spectators to the sunken stone steps of the platform outside. As the crowd in the doorway parted slightly, a breeze passed into the room, scattering the odours of bad tobacco and farm-stained clothing. The sound of a cow-bell came through one of the small windows, from the green beyond, where a red-and-white cow was browsing among the buttercups.\n\n\"Glad to see you out, sir,\" he said to the one, and to the other, \"How are you, Burr? Time the crops were in the ground, isn't it?\"\n\n\"The corn's been planted goin' on six weeks,\" he said more distinctly, ejecting his words between mouthfuls of tobacco juice as if they were pebbles which obstructed his speech. \"I al'ays stick to plantin' yo' corn when the hickory leaf's as big as a squirrel's ear. If you don't, the luck's agin you.\"\n\n\"An' whar thar's growin' corn thar's a sight o' hoein',\" put in an alert, nervous-looking countryman. \"If I lay my hoe down for a spell, the weeds git so big I can't find the crop.\"\n\nAmos Burr nodded with slow emphasis: \"I never see land take so natural to weeds nohow as mine do,\" he said. \"When you raise peanuts you're raisin' trouble.\"\n\nHe was a lean, overworked man, with knotted hands the colour of the soil he tilled and an inanely honest face, over which the freckles showed like splashes of mud freshly dried. As he spoke he gave his blue jean trousers an abrupt hitch at the belt.\n\n\"Dear me! Dear me!\" returned the judge with absent-minded, habitual friendliness, smiling his rich, beneficent smile. Then, as he caught sight of a smaller red head beneath Burr's arm, he added: \"You've a right-hand man coming on, I see. What's your name, my boy?\"\n\nThe boy squirmed on his bare, brown feet and wriggled his head from beneath his father's arm. He did not answer, but he turned his b", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.6357077360153198, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.5053011178970337, "generated_summary": "The epoch of the first novel, \"The Last Word,\" is a story of a young man who has been reborn into a world of sex and violence. He is reincarnated as a sailor, a man who is unable to survive his own life, and a woman who is in love with him.", "reference_summary": "Horace Grondin, deputy head of the Surete is in fact Charles Bassicousse, sentenced 16 years earlier for a murder he did not commit. He is obsessed with wreaking his revenge on Antoine Tarpagnan, the man he believes did commit the crime. Tarpagnan, an army captain, has fallen in love with Gabriella Pucci, the mistress of Paris's greatest villain. As Tarpagnan searches the underworld for Gabriella, Grondin searches for him. Vautrin's novel revels in the chaos and passion of the period, culminating in the savage repression of the Commune. The final climactic moments between Grondin and Tarpagnan"}
{"id": "literary_235", "title": "The Debs", "text": "make it war, and what more must we suffer?\r\nThis book, every line of which is a labor of love, is the\n\n\u201cAnd there\u2019s \u2019Gene Debs\u2014a man \u2019at stands\r\nAnd jest holds out in his two hands\r\nAs warm a heart as ever beat\r\nBetwixt here and the Jedgment Seat!\u201d\r\n\u2014James Whitcomb Riley.\n\ndevelopment of all the peoples of the whole world.\r\nThis is an age of rare vitality, and of swiftly changing\n\nhis firm and resolute will.\r\nNo one now attempts either.\r\nHe stands a towering rock of hope to the down-trodden\n\nof standing in the presence of a fearless searcher for Truth.\r\nThe man that comes crying a message in the wilderness\n\nTen children were born to them, of these six are living.\r\n[2]Theodore, the only brother, well known as an ardent\n\nwhatever; no man does, unless he violates his conscience.\u201d\r\nGREAT NORTHERN STRIKE.\r\nApril 16, 1894, a circular letter was issued to the members\n\n13, was sent out:\r\n\u201cTo C. W. Case, Gen\u2019l Manager of the Great Northern Railway:\r\n\u201cSir: I am instructed by your employes to say that unless\n\nupon my lips, I bid you all good fortune.\u201d\r\nTHE PULLMAN STRIKE.\r\nIn June, 1894, the great Pullman strike was fought and\n\nit.\r\nSOCIALISM DAWNING UPON THE LABOR LEADER\u2019S MIND.\r\nThe Great Northern strike, the strike of the A. R. U. in\n\n\u201cSnatch from the ashes of their sires,\r\nThe emblems of their former fires;\r\nAnd he who in the strife expires,\r\nWill add to theirs a name of fear,\r\nThat Tyranny shall quake to hear.\u201d\n\nthe chairman of the meeting, Mr. Debs said:\r\n\u201cI wish to be candid with the gentlemen present. I am a\n\nfor a day\u2019s work, which would inevitably result in better conditions.\r\nIn spite of the fact that during Mr. Debs\u2019 imprisonment in\n\nthraldom of the money power.\r\nMR. DEBS REFERS TO THE INJUNCTION IN HIS SPEECH THE EVENING OF HIS RETURN TO TERRE HAUTE, NOVEMBER 23, 1895.\r\n\u201cIn our cases at Chicago an injunction was issued at a time\n\nstrike was lost and, as stated, its leader thrown into prison.\r\nGovernment by injunction is today the \u201cslogan\u201d of both\n\nrather than in t", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.4328857958316803, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The book is a collection of short stories, poems, and essays by the author. It is based on the novel of the same name by the same author.", "reference_summary": "LAURA DELACROIX BELL--this dazzling trust fund girl's size 14 figure doesn't stop her from attracting the sexiest scoundrel in town, or the admiring eye of the Glass Slipper Club. However, a salacious secret could take her out of the running.\nMichelle \"Mac\" Mackenzie--brainy, cynical, and maybe a tad judgmental, Mac would rather bury her nose in a good book than embrace her deb destiny. But being a debutante was her late mother's dream.\nGinger Fore--this adorable tree-hugger wants to wear her grandmother's vintage ball gown instead of splurging on an expensive dress. Yet when she gets tangled "}
{"id": "literary_236", "title": "Jerry's Charge Account", "text": "house next door, the trouble became serious.\r\nThere is laughter and suspense, and a hidden lesson in this story of\n\nMAGAZINE OR NEWSPAPER.\r\nLIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOG CARD NO. 60-5877\r\nFOURTH PRINTING\r\nPublished simultaneously in Canada\r\nby Little, Brown & Company (Canada) Limited\r\nPRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA\n\n1Charge It, Please3\r\n 2Change for a Ten-Dollar Bill18\r\n 3P. T. A. Meeting29\r\n 4No Safe Hiding Place44\r\n 5New Neighbors56\r\n 6\"The Stars and Stripes Forever\"66\r\n 7Working on Andy81\r\n 8The Auction93\r\n 9As Good as a Watchdog107\r\n10May Day125\r\n11Welcome Home!138\n\nAccount\r\n[Pg 3]\r\n1\r\nCharge It, Please\r\nJerry tried to be quiet, but he bumped into the one chair in the\n\nasked sleepily. \"It's only half-past six.\"\r\nJerry's blue eyes begged his mother to share a joke with him. \"I woke\n\nwould have been scalded. The sugarbowl fell in the sink and broke.\r\n\"Oh, dear! I need cast-iron dishes instead of china if you're to\n\nhandle them,\" scolded Mrs. Martin.\r\n\"It just slipped out of my hands. I can mend it. That new glue I\n\nbrightly. \"With real maple syrup,\" she added.\r\nJerry could tell that she was tempting his appetite so he would not be\n\nan April Fool joke on his mother.\r\n\"And to think that last Saturday I could hardly get you out of bed at\n\nten,\" said his mother as he left the kitchen.\r\nAt a little before nine Jerry had a broom in his hand. His orders were\n\ngo through. No dimes down there today.\r\nAs Jerry got to his feet he looked with approval at the big white\n\nbecause it had an attic and a big garage that had been a barn.\r\nAs he picked up his broom again, his twin sister came to the door to\n\neasy,\" she said in a superior-sounding way that irritated Jerry.\r\nLately he and his twin often irritated each other. For one thing Cathy\n\nsoon. But I can't remember seeing an alligator there, can you?\"\r\nCathy tossed her head, giving her pony tail a little exercise.\r\n\"Too bad you didn't say seal instead of alligator. There are seals\n\nif we have to take Andy. Want to?\"\r\n\"Nop", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.6954041719436646, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.5100098848342896, "generated_summary": "The first book in the series of books by author and illustrator John Sullivan, this is the first book to be published in the United States.", "reference_summary": "Jerry noticed that the grocer gave his charge customers candy on the days they paid their monthly bill, and he wished that his mother wouldn't pay cash. So he decided that he would keep the cash when he went to the store, charge the groceries, and get the candy when he had to pay the bill, and nobody would lose. But it wasn't as easy as Jerry thought to store all of the money."}
{"id": "literary_237", "title": "Cousin Henry", "text": "inclination, whereas yours is not\u2014\"\r\n\"You think that I shall give way?\"\r\n\"I did not mean that.\"\r\n\"What then?\"\r\n\"If I could only make you understand how very strong is my\n\nword to be spoken it must come from yourself.\"\r\nThere was a long pause in the conversation, a silence for an hour,\n\nthey had discussed. \"I shall obey my conscience.\"\r\n\"You ought to do so, Uncle Indefer. What should a man obey but his\n\nconscience?\"\r\n\"Though it will break my heart.\"\r\n\"No; no, no!\"\r\n\"And will ruin you.\"\r\n\"That is a flea's bite. I can brave my ruin easily, but not your\n\nbroken heart.\"\r\n\"Why should there be either, Isabel?\"\r\n\"Nay, sir; have you not said but now, because of our consciences? Not\n\nanything possible at your bidding?\"\r\n\"I used to think so.\"\r\n\"But it is impossible for a young woman with a respect for herself\n\ndespise!\" Then she got up and left the room.\r\nA month passed by before the old man returned to the subject, which\n\nabout four o'clock, when the dinner things had been removed.\r\n\"Isabel,\" he said, \"I cannot help myself.\"\r\n\"As to what, Uncle Indefer?\" She knew very well what was the matter\n\nhim.\r\n\"As to your cousin and the property.\"\r\n\"Then in God's name do not trouble yourself further in looking for\n\ngo to a man and not to a woman?\"\r\n\"It ought to go to a Jones.\"\r\n\"I am not a Jones, nor likely to become a Jones.\"\r\n\"You are as near to me as he is,\u2014and so much dearer!\"\r\n\"But not on that account a Jones. My name is Isabel Brodrick. A woman\n\nbut that will never be the case with me.\"\r\n\"You should not laugh at that which is to me a duty.\"\r\n\"Dear, dear uncle!\" she said, caressing him, \"if I seemed to\n\nI attach to it all on my own account.\"\r\n\"But it is important,\u2014terribly important!\"\r\n\"Very well. Then go to work with two things in your mind fixed as\n\nentailed, as it used to be.\"\r\n\"I wish it were.\"\r\n\"So do I, if it would save you trouble.\"\r\n\"But it isn't the same;\u2014it can't be the same. In getting back the\n\nproud of the family though I can never bear the name.\"\r\n\"You do not care a s", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.3280540704727173, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The story of Isabel Brodrick is a tale of love, loyalty, and the power of a woman. It is based on the true story of the young woman who was a Jones, and her cousin and the property.", "reference_summary": "Cousin Henry, first published in 1879, is perhaps the most unusual and intriguing of Trollope's shorter novels. Trollope's masterly handling of the novel's unlikely hero, a tiresome and timid coward, is notable for its insight and compassion."}
{"id": "literary_238", "title": "The Bigamist: The True Story of a Husband's Ultimate Betrayal", "text": "Chapter Thirty Four.\r\nSome years later Dare sat in his room before an untidy desk with a letter spread out before him among the litter of papers and things lying about. The letter was from Pamela, between whom and himself, since the occasion when he had been present at her marriage in Pretoria, these regular but infrequent communications formed the sole link.\r\nThis letter in its quiet reflective tone differed from any other he had received from her. It breathed through every line of it a calm satisfaction, a resigned acceptance of the conditions of her life, that was in no wise morbid, that held, indeed, a note of hope, of quiet gladness even. Clearly for her the turbulent discontent was past. She had glided into some forgotten backwater, and discovered there beauties that lie unsuspected in these restful retreats of the mind.\n\nDare rested his elbow on the desk, and supported his head on his hand, and fell to thinking. \u201cThe straining thread of life,\u2014it is straining very fine now...\u201d When, he wondered, with his gaze fixed on the closely written lines, would his summons come?", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.9390162825584412, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.5518500208854675, "generated_summary": "The epoch of the first century BC was marked by the arrival of the eperian, and the emergence of the modern. This book is a collection of the most important works of the twentieth century, including the first epuchy, the second euclidean, and finally the third equatorial.", "reference_summary": "In April 2006, Mary Turner Thomson received a call that blew her life apart. The woman on the other end of the line told her that Will Jordan, Mary's husband and the father of her two younger children, had been married to her for 14 years and they had five children together. The Bigamist is the shocking true story of how one man manipulated an intelligent, independent woman, conning her out of PS200,000 and leaving her to bring up the children he claimed he could never have. It's a story we all think could never happen to us, but this shameless con man has been doing the same thing to various "}
{"id": "literary_239", "title": "Mountaineering in the Sierra Nevada", "text": "JOSIAH \u00a0 DWIGHT \u00a0 WHITNEY\r\nAND HIS STAFF\r\nMY COMRADES OF THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CALIFORNIA\r\nTHESE MOUNTAINEERING NOTES\r\nARE CORDIALLY INSCRIBED\n\nliterature that the present edition is presented.\r\n{viii}\u00a0 \r\n{ix}\u00a0 \r\nFROM THE PREFACE TO THE FOURTH EDITION\r\n* * * * * * *\r\nMountaineers will realize, from these descriptions of Sierra climbs, how\n\nwhose seaward base beat the mild, small breakers of the Pacific.\r\nBy far the grandest of all these ranges is the Sierra Nevada, a long and\n\ninterest (the forerunner of others) has been published.\r\nThe ancient history of the Sierras goes back to a period when the\n\ngive way at eight thousand feet to a cap of glaciers and snow.\r\nBeyond this to the northward the extension of the range is quite\n\nhave been outpoured long subsequent to the main upheaval of the Sierra.\r\nIt is not easy to point out the actual southern limit either, because\n\nthe rock; the slow leverage of ice, the storm, the avalanche.\r\nThe western descent, facing a moisture-laden, a\u00ebrial current from the\n\nlong summer, overlays the whole region with a cloud of dust.\r\nDull and monotonous in color, there are, however, certain elements of\n\na dead tree is held in its upright position by the arms of its fellows.\r\nAt the one extremity are magnificent purple shafts ornamented with an\n\nthe single trees appear to be impaired by their struggle for room.\r\nNear the centre is the perfection of forest. At the south are the finest\n\nsway which climatic conditions hold over the kingdom of trees.\r\nLooking down from the summit, the forest is a closely woven vesture,\n\nbits of alpine meadow lie open to the sun.\r\nAlong its upper limit the forest zone grows thin and irregular; black\n\nfreshly scored mountain flanks are constant suggestions of the past.\r\nStrikingly contrasted are the two countries bordering the Sierra on\n\nwhen I first saw it from the Colorado desert.\r\nIt was in early May, 1866. My companion, Mr. James Terry Gardiner, and I\n\non our maps proving to be dried up and obsolete upon th", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.7315894365310669, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.5242847800254822, "generated_summary": "The first book in the series of books by the author, a collection of short stories and essays by the writer.", "reference_summary": "This is a reprint of the 1872 edition of Clarence King's classic work, which some have described as the first real literature of the Sierra. It is adventure writing at its best. King's mountain climbing descriptions are spine-tingling (and more than a little exaggerated) but they still provide strong impressions and colorful descriptions of the Sierra Nevada following the gold rush."}
{"id": "literary_240", "title": "Afloat", "text": "clear blue gray, and alive with the quivering fire of the stars.\r\nThe sailor, standing at the foot of the wall, said:\r\n\"Fine weather, sir.\"\r\n\"What wind?\"\r\n\"Off shore.\"\r\n\"Very well, I'm coming.\"\r\nHalf-an-hour later I was hurrying down to the shore. The horizon was\n\nthe old walls built by Vauban.\r\nIn the streets were a few dogs and a few men, workmen starting off to\n\nat the end of the jetty, kept watch over its little harbour.\r\nBeyond, in front of Ardouin's building yard, I saw a glimmer, I felt a\n\nruns through all the planets, the secret of which is our eternal puzzle.\r\nRaymond said:\r\n\"We shall soon have the wind from the east.\"\r\nBernard replied:\r\n\"More likely from the west.\"\n\ncomedy with three personages, of which one, the best informed, is dumb.\r\n\"Dash it, sir, we're sailing well,\" said Bernard.\r\nWe had, it was true, passed through the gulf of La Salis, cleared La\n\nadmiration but would raise a smile were they painted by men.\r\nThe Lerins Isles, which to the east close the Gulf of Cannes and\n\nand sly, a real trap for prisoners.\r\nI can now see the three gulfs. In front, beyond the islands, lies\n\nbirds that have come in the night from the snowlands far above.\r\nVillas again on the Cape of Antibes, a long tongue of land, a wonderful\n\nand whimsical residence that attracts visitors from Cannes and Nice.\r\nThe breeze has dropped, the yacht hardly makes any progress. After the\n\nbarometer remains motionless at a little above 76.\r\nThe sun now radiant, overspreads the earth, making the walls of the\n\ngulf of Juan, with the squadron in the centre of it, lies before us.\r\nFrom afar, the ironclads look like rocks, islets, and reefs covered\n\nBernard said in an undertone:\r\n\"The brig over there has a good breeze.\"\r\nOver there it was true, far away in front of Agay, a brig was advancing\n\nCape Roux.\"\r\n\"Talk away, we shall have a west wind,\" replied Bernard.\r\nI leant over to look at the barometer in the saloon. It had fallen\n\nduring the last half hour. I told Bernard, who smiled and whispe", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.3602364957332611, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The sailor, Raymond, is a young man who has been sailing for years. He is the only one of his family to have a yacht. His father, Bernard, is an old man who is devoted to his wife and children. He has been a great friend to his family and friends. He was a good friend to all of his friends and family. He had a very good life and he was able to live with his family.", "reference_summary": "Mackinac island is on the Great Lakes in the American Midwest. Just nine miles round, it has golf courses, expensive restaurants, no cars and plenty of rich people. And for the summer of 2000, it has Bell, a student, employed to serve the wealthy. Bell and her fellow waiters and waitresses sample the delights of this earthly paradise: luxurious yachts, alcohol, horse-drawn carriages; and they can't help but come to know each other intimately.\nBut this knowledge comes at a price. For they have each carried with them secrets from the outside world that will not be left behind...\nA superb debut w"}
{"id": "literary_241", "title": "The Book of the Sword: With 293 Illustrations", "text": "\u2018The voice of every people is the Sword\r\nThat guards them, or the Sword that beats them down.\u2019\r\nTennyson\u2019s Harold.\n\nTO\r\nTHE MEMORY\r\nOF\r\nMY OLD AND DEAR COLLEGE FRIEND\r\nALFRED BATE RICHARDS\r\nWHO\r\nIN YEARS GONE BY\r\nACCEPTED THE DEDICATION OF THESE PAGES\n\nvaried of weapons, the only one which has lived through all time.\u2019\r\nHe, she, or it\u2014for the gender of the Sword varies\u2014has been worshipped\n\nbut a Sword,\u2019 meaning the warfare and martyrdom of man.\r\nOn a lower plane the Sword became the invention and the favourite arm\n\ndominion, of all that Humanity wants to have and wants to be.\r\nThe Sword was carried by and before kings; and the brand, not the\n\nsentiments and the higher tendencies of human nature.\u2019\r\nIn society the position of the Sword was remarkable. \u2018Its aspect was\n\nits benefits to Humanity were general and ever-enduring.\r\nThe highest period of the Sword was the early sixteenth century, that\n\nregiment has its own fencing establishment and its salle d\u2019armes.\r\nAgain, men of thought cannot ignore the intrinsic value of the Sword\n\nit: she has stopped the effect and left the cause.\r\nSo far I have written concerning the Sword simply to show that my work\n\nIt is now advisable to introduce this volume to the reader.\r\nDuring the \u2018seventies\u2019 I began, with a light heart, my Book of the\n\nsubject in its totality is impossible within reasonable limits.\r\nIt will hardly be said that a monograph of the Sword is not wanted.\n\nhome, often at great expense, mere lumber for curiosity shops.\r\nThe difficulty of treating the Sword is enhanced by the peculiar\n\nand man\u2019s preferences easily traverse the whole range of his invention.\r\nThus the stumbling-block which met me on the threshold was to\n\nat the epoch of the early Roman Empire.\r\nPart II. treats of the Sword fully grown. It opens with the rising\n\ncompelled to be dull, I have done my best to avoid being tedious.\r\nThe arrangement then becomes geographical and chronological. My next\n\nthe Irish, will be treated at full length in Part II.\r\nHere", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.787418782711029, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.5263320207595825, "generated_summary": "The first book in the series of books by the author, a collection of short stories and essays by the writer, whose main subject is the history of the Roman Empire.", "reference_summary": "\"The history of the sword is the history of humanity.\" With these words, British author, Victorian scholar, and world traveler Richard Burton begins his eloquent and exceptionally erudite history of the \"Queen of Weapons.\"\nSpanning the centuries and a wide range of cultures, Burton's rich and elegant prose illuminates the sword as both armament and potent symbol. For nearly all peoples of the world, the sword embodied the spirit of chivalry, symbolized justice and martyrdom and represented courage and freedom. In battle, it served universally as a deadly offensive weapon.\nDrawing on a wealth o"}
{"id": "literary_242", "title": "Firing Line (The Destroyer, #41)", "text": "pavilion, faded to phantoms tinted with rose and pearl.\r\nLeaning there on his oars, he could still make out the distant sands\n\nkerchief, seemed to be already nearer to Hamil than to the shore.\r\nIt was all very new and interesting to him\u2014the shore with its spectral\n\nfog; white pelicans winging inland to the lagoons.\r\nA few minutes later the wind, which had become fitful, suddenly grew\n\nthickets and orange groves, and a soft fragrance stole out over the sea.\r\nAs the sun broke through in misty splendour, the young man, brooding on\n\nshe thought she had met him before.\r\n\"Of course you may stay here,\" he said, inclined to laugh.\r\nShe settled down, stretching slightly backward as though to give her\n\nher eyes closed for a moment, then opened thoughtfully, skyward.\r\nHamil's curious and half-amused gaze rested on her as he resumed the\n\ninquiringly at her over his shoulder.\r\n\"I am only rowing you back to the beach,\" he said.\r\n\"Don't row me in; I am perfectly able to swim back.\"\r\n\"No doubt,\" he returned drily, \"but haven't you played tag with Death\n\nconfused me; that was all.\"\r\n\"And how long could you have kept afloat if the fog had not lifted?\" he\n\nconcentration of suspended motion.\r\n\"You had better not go just yet,\" he said, pointing seaward.\r\nShe also had been watching the same thing that he was now looking at, a\n\nthin haze which again became apparent over the Gulf-stream.\r\n\"Do you think it will thicken?\" she asked.\r\n\"I don't know; you had a close call last time\u2014\"\r\n\"There was no danger.\"\r\n\"I think there was danger enough; you were apparently headed straight\n\nexplained all that before. Look at that exasperating fog!\"\r\nVexation silenced her; she sat restless for a few seconds, then:\r\n\"What do you think I had better do?\"\r\n\"I think you had better try to endure me for a few minutes longer. I'm\n\naround it; again the shoreward shapes faded to phantoms and disappeared.\r\nHe spoke again once or twice, but her brief replies did not encourage\n\ninterest her at all, even enough to be awar", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.2973923683166504, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The sands of the Gulf-stream are a haze that has been swept away by the sea. A few minutes later the wind, which had become fitful, suddenly grew thickets and orange groves, and a soft fragrance stole out over the sea.", "reference_summary": "Ruby is too hot to handle, and Remo is being ordered to play fireman. But friendship comes first, even to a Master of Sinanju, and Remo is steaming mad. Mad enough, in fact, to walk out. It's out of the frying pan and into the fire because Chiun, deferring to tradition, refuses to quit CURE. And they both know that soon he could be hot on Remo's tail. But the heat's really on when Remo meets up with Sparky, a walking Molotov cocktail. New York firefighters are walking off the job, and an arson gang, with Sparky in tow, has decided to strike while the iron's hot. Unless they receive the ransom "}
{"id": "literary_243", "title": "Politics (Big Easy Bears Book 0)", "text": "In an early dialogue of Plato's, the Protagoras, Socrates asks Protagoras\r\n      why it is not as easy to find teachers of virtue as it is to find teachers\r\n      of swordsmanship, riding, or any other art. Protagoras' answer is that\r\n      there are no special teachers of virtue, because virtue is taught by the\r\n      whole community. Plato and Aristotle both accept the view of moral\r\n      education implied in this answer. In a passage of the Republic (492 b)\r\n      Plato repudiates the notion that the sophists have a corrupting moral\r\n      influence upon young men. The public themselves, he says, are the real\r\n      sophists and the most complete and thorough educators. No private\r\n      education can hold out against the irresistible force of public opinion\r\n      and the ordinary moral standards of society. But that makes it all the\r\n      more essential that public opinion and social environment should not be\r\n      left to grow up at haphazard as they ordinarily do, but should be made by\r\n      the wise legislator the expression of the good and be informed in all\r\n      their details by his knowledge. The legislator is the only possible\r\n      teacher of virtue.\n\nThis combination of idealism and respect for the teachings of experience\r\n      constitutes in some ways the strength and value of the Politics, but it\r\n      also makes it harder to follow. The large nation states to which we are\r\n      accustomed make it difficult for us to think that the state could be\r\n      constructed and modelled to express the good life. We can appreciate\r\n      Aristotle's critical analysis of constitutions, but find it hard to take\r\n      seriously his advice to the legislator. Moreover, the idealism and the\r\n      empiricism of the Politics are never really reconciled by Aristotle\r\n      himself.\n\nAristotle's Politics, then, is a handbook for the legislator, the expert\r\n      who is to be called in when a state wants help. We have called him a state\r\n      doctor. It is o", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Philosophy", "topic_confidence": 0.3652707040309906, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The sophists are the real teachers of virtue.", "reference_summary": "Julius 'Jules' Beauregard has a problem. He is a werebear, but that's not the problem.\nThe problem is his anxiety because when he gets anxious it gets hard to control his bear. Jules' anxiety is a problem for other people as well. Billionaire businessman Brock Tandell is running for mayor in New Orleans. He is also a werebear and a member of Jules' clan. If Jules loses control Brock may just lose his shot at being mayor.\nAt a last minute business meeting at an airport coffee shop Jules meets the charismatic Giancarlo Carosa and his assistant, Gia. It's just business but it leaves Jules on edge"}
{"id": "literary_244", "title": "The Princess of the School", "text": "A. L. BURT COMPANY\r\nPublishers New York\r\nPublished by arrangement with Frederick A. Stokes Company\r\nPrinted in U. S. A.\n\nI'm the heir. It goes without saying!\"\r\nDulcie's pink face was looking puzzled.\r\n\"Do you mean to say if Grandfather were to\n\nmoment or two; then she ventured a comment.\r\n\"Wouldn't it be fairer to divide it?\"\r\n\"Nonsense, Dulcie!\" put in Lilias. \"You\n\nto buy at this wretched little shop in the village!\"\r\n\"Except bacon and kippers!\" grinned Roland.\r\n\"I can't knit with kippers!\"\r\n\"Fact is, we're all bored stiff!\" drawled\n\nclosing rapidly in.\r\n[26]\"What are we to do?\" gasped Lilias, half-crying.\r\n\"We can't stay here all night!\"\r\n\"Finish our prog and sleep in the car,\" suggested\n\nstay all night at a hotel.\"\r\n\"But what about the car?\"\r\n\"We must just leave her to her fate. There's\n\ndon't know?\"\r\n\"I suppose we must have, somewhere!\"\r\n\"How fearfully thrilling!\"\r\n\"Um! I don't know that it's thrilling at all.\n\nmorning.\"\r\n\"Only two shillings!\" commented Gowan.\r\n\"It will go no way!\" pouted Bertha.\r\n\"Well, I can't help it. Miss Walters said\n\n\"Fair maiden, who in ancient song\r\nWas wont to flout her swain,\r\nI prithee be not always coy,\r\nBut turn your face again.\r\nMy heart is true, and it will rue,\r\nThat ever you should doubt me,\r\nSo sweet, be kind, and change your mind,\r\nAnd don't for ever flout me.\"\n\n\"Cupid with his fatal dart\r\nShot me through and made me smart,\r\nSo I pray, before we part,\r\nKiss me once, and heal my heart!\"\n\n\"Wee modest, crimson-tipped flower,\r\nThou'st met me in an evil hour;\r\nFor I maun gang far frae thy bower,\r\nAnd leave thee greeting 'mang the stour.\r\nBut lassie, thou art no thy lane,\r\nThis heart is also brak in twain,\r\nAnd like to burst with grief and pain\r\nTo think I'll see thee ne'er again.\"\n\n\"I have a little heart to let,\r\nAs nice as nice can be;\r\nIt's vacant just at present,\r\nOn a yearly tenancy.\r\nIt's quite completely furnished\r\nWith affection's choicest store,\r\nSweet nothings by the bushel,\r\nAnd kisses by the score.\r\nIt sadly wants a te", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.6144078969955444, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.5036669373512268, "generated_summary": "The first book in the series of books by the author, a young woman named Bertha, is a story of a woman who has been a slave to her father. She is unable to find a job and is forced to live in a small town. Her mother, whose name is unknown, is an alcoholic and is unsure of her identity.", "reference_summary": "Suddenly, the orphaned Ingelton children have nowhere to live...\nCheverley Chase, their family home, has been left by their grandfather to a young cousin whom no one has ever met. When Cousin Carmel comes to Cheverley Chase, the Ingeltons make it quite clear that she is not welcome. But Carmel is surprisingly friendly and they find it hard to dislike her for long.\nThey may have lost Cheverley Chase, but it seems they have found a new friend..."}
{"id": "literary_245", "title": "Two Trips to Gorilla Land and the Cataracts of the Congo Volume 1", "text": "The second part is devoted to the Nzadi or lower Congo River, from the\r\n      mouth to the Yellala or main rapids, the gate by which the mighty stream,\r\n      emerging from the plateau of Inner Africa, goes to its long home, the\r\n      Atlantic. Some time must elapse before the second expedition, which left\r\n      Ambriz early in 1873, under Lieutenant Grandy, R. N., can submit its\r\n      labours to the public: meanwhile these pages will, I trust, form a\r\n      suitable introduction to the gallant explorer's travel in the interior. It\r\n      would be preposterous to publish descriptions of any European country from\r\n      information gathered ten years ago. But Africa moves slowly, and thus we\r\n      see that the results of an Abyssinian journey (M. Antoine d'Abbadie's\r\n      \"G\u00e9od\u00e9sic d'Ethiopie,\" which took place about 1845, are not considered\r\n      obsolete in 1873.\n\nIt is not a little amusing to hear the complaints of the public that plain\r\n      truth about the African has not been told. I could cite more than one name\r\n      that has done so. But what was the result? We were all soundly abused by\r\n      the negrophile; the multitude cared little about reading \"unpopular\r\n      opinions;\" and then, when the fulness of time came, it turned upon us, and\r\n      rent us, and asked why we had not spoken freely concerning Ashanti and\r\n      Fanti, and all the herd. My \"Wanderings in West Africa\" is a case in\r\n      point: so little has it been read, that a President of the Royal\r\n      Geographical Society (African section of the Society of Arts Journal, Feb.\r\n      6, 1874) could state, \"If Fantees are cowardly and lazy, Krumen are\r\n      brave;\" the latter being the most notorious poltroons on the West African\r\n      seaboard.\n\nThe hostilities on the Gold Coast might have been averted with honour to\r\n      ourselves at any time between 1863 and 1870, by a Colonial Office mission\r\n      and a couple of thousand pounds. I need hardly say what has been the case\r\n    ", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.2984813451766968, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The first book in the series of books by a writer of African descent, this book is a collection of essays on the history of Africa.", "reference_summary": "This is a pre-1923 historical reproduction that was curated for quality. Quality assurance was conducted on each of these books in an attempt to remove books with imperfections introduced by the digitization process. Though we have made best efforts - the books may have occasional errors that do not impede the reading experience. We believe this work is culturally important and have elected to bring the book back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide."}
{"id": "literary_246", "title": "Silent House", "text": "too happy to place it and myself at your service\r\nI have ample time at my command, and I shall only be\n\nhere.\"\r\n\"You are not one of them?\" asked the man suddenly.\r\n\"One of whom?\"\r\n\"One of those who wish to harm me?\"\r\nDenzil began to think he had to do with a madman,\n\nthe strange tenant of the Silent House.\r\n[Pg 10]\r\nCHAPTER II\r\nSHADOWS ON THE BLIND\r\nThe landlady of Denzil was a rather uncommon\n\nspectres live in it\u2014that they do.\"\r\n\"Do you call Mr. Berwin a ghost?\"\r\n\"No; nor nothing half so respectable. He is\n\nhe sees come from?\"\r\n\"How do you mean, Miss Greeb?\"\r\n\"They don't go in by the front door, that's certain,\"\n\nhim, and each time Mr. Berwin has been alone!\"\r\n\"Well! well! What of that?\" said Denzil impatiently.\r\n\"This much, Mr. Denzil, that Blinders has gone\n\nthe square alone, how did his visitors get in?\"\r\n\"Perhaps by the back,\" conjectured Lucian.\r\nAgain Miss Greeb shook her head. \"I know\n\nmoonlight.\r\nTo his surprise he beheld Mark Berwin.\r\n[Pg 20]\r\nCHAPTER III\r\nAN UNSATISFACTORY EXPLANATION\r\n\"Mr. Berwin!\" cried Lucian, recognising the\n\nshaking hand on the arm of Lucian. \"Impossible!\"\r\n\"I tell you it is so!\"\r\n\"Come, then, and we will look for them,\" said\n\nBerwin in a tremulous voice.\r\n\"But they have gone by this time!\"\r\n[Pg 21]\"Gone!\"\r\n\"Yes,\" said Denzil rapidly. \"I rang the bell,\n\nthe house with me.\"\r\n[Pg 28]\"I see no necessity to do so.\"\r\n\"It will set your mind at rest regarding the shadows", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.36644425988197327, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The story of a young woman who is a widower and a snobby landlord.", "reference_summary": "In an old mansion in Cennethisar (formerly a fishing village, now a posh resort near Istanbul) the old widow Fatma awaits the annual summer visit of her grandchildren: Faruk, a dissipated failed historian; his sensitive leftist sister, Nilgun; and the younger grandson, Metin, a high school student drawn to the fast life of the nouveaux riches, who dreams of going to America. The widow has lived in the village for decades, ever since her husband, an idealistic young doctor, first arrived to serve the poor fishermen. Now mostly bedridden, she is attended by her faithful servant Recep, a dwarf--a"}
{"id": "literary_247", "title": "Lady into Fox", "text": "in our time, happening in Oxfordshire amongst our neighbours.\r\nThe only things which go any way towards an explanation of it\n\nanything, than because I think they are of any worth.\r\nMrs. Tebrick's maiden name was certainly Fox, and it is possible\n\nafter her marriage when her husband persuaded her to it.\r\nShe was married in the year 1879 to Mr. Richard Tebrick, after a\n\nviolently and cried out, so that he instantly turned his head.\r\nWhere his wife had been the moment before was a small fox, of\n\nhusband, have pity on me for I am your wife.\"\r\nSo that with his gazing on her and knowing her well, even in\n\nback again into the wife that was one flesh with him.\r\nOne fancy that came to him, because he was so much more like a\n\nthere to hold each other tight in one another's arms.\r\nWhen it was dark he brought her in with infinite precautions,\n\nwith a labouring family about half a mile away.\r\nMr. Tebrick going downstairs pitched upon the parlour-maid.\r\n\"Janet,\" says he, \"Mrs. Tebrick and I have had some bad news,\n\nconversation with many exclamations from the cook.\r\nWhen she came back with his tea, Mr. Tebrick said: \"I shall not\n\nhouse door, where she could smell the fox right enough.\r\nThere was a bright moon, so that Mr. Tebrick could see the dogs\n\nreverie of woe that she heard nothing.\r\nFox Lying on Cushions\r\nOld Nanny, though she was not expecting to find her mistress\n\nyour old Nanny knows you, it will all come right in the end.\"\r\nBut though she said this she did not care to look again, and\n\nperhaps shot, like the dogs, for knowing the secret.\r\nMr. Tebrick had all this time gone about paying off his servants\n\ndid or not is more than I or anybody else can say.\r\nIn the morning when he woke up they had the place to themselves,\n\nand then grow exceedingly fat and lose their offensive odour.\r\nThis appetite for grapes is so well confirmed by Aesop, and by\n\nbecause he was very quick to catch her meaning and her answers.\r\n\"Puss, Puss,\" he would say to her, for calling her that had been", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.5255998969078064, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The first book in the series of novels by the author, \"The Sense and Sensibility of a Woman's Life\" is a story of sex and love. It is based on the novel of the same name by the same author, and is adapted from the novel by the writer, \"Another Woman' s Story.\".", "reference_summary": "A husband and wife venture outdoors for a walk in the Oxfordshire woodlands when the woman is suddenly, unaccountably, and irrevocably transformed into a fox. This simply told modern folktale offers a moving portrait of a man's devotion and a woman's struggle to maintain her humanity. Written in 1922 by a member of the Bloomsbury group, the tale features a strange but memorable combination of humor, fantasy, allegory, and realism in addition to enchanting woodcut illustrations."}
{"id": "literary_248", "title": "No Surrender (Devlin Group, #3)", "text": "enjoyed, two gentlemen were pacing, talking as they walked.\r\nThe elder of the two was a man of, it might be, about fifty years; but\n\nsharper contrast than that afforded by these two men.\r\n\"So you are really going to leave us already George?\" asked the elder,\n\nin a regretful tone.\r\nThe young man smiled.\r\n\"Already? I think I have made claim enough on your hospitality, Doctor.\n\nfriendship with your son. I shall never forget----\"\r\n\"Pray do not thank me for that which has been a pleasure to myself,\"\n\nmyself for the time being compelled to silence and obedience.\"\r\n\"For the time being?\" echoed the Doctor, sarcastically. \"I tell you, he\n\nit is the way of all such despicable parvenus.\"\r\nGeorge shook his head gravely,\r\n\"You go too far. The Baron has many enemies, and I do not doubt that in\n\nyet no one has ventured to speak his name with contempt.\"\r\n\"Well, I venture it then,\" said the Doctor, with sudden vehemence;\n\n\"and, truly, not without good grounds.\"\r\nThe young man looked at him in silence, then, after a pause of a\n\nsecond, he laid his hand on his arm.\r\n\"Dr. Brunnow, forgive me if I ask you a question which may, perhaps,\n\n\"That surprises you, does it not?\"\r\n\"Certainly. I had no notion of any such acquaintance between you.\"\r\n\"How should you? it dates almost half a generation back. In those days\n\nlosing my friend, I lost with him all faith in mankind.\"\r\nHe turned away in great agitation. Evidently the memory of that long\n\nbygone event still shook the man's whole being to its depths.\r\n\"So there is some foundation for those reports which hint at a dark\n\nnow what manner of man he is.\"\r\n\"I thought so, I declare! There they are again in the thick of their\n\nwork already this morning, I see.\"\r\nSo saying, he walked up to a table covered with books and papers, which\n\nstood at a little distance, and began turning over some written pages.\r\n\"Let that alone, Max,\" said his father, impatiently. \"You will\n\nporing over his books. You know I have my hands pretty full.\"\r\n\"Time might be found", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.31766313314437866, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The first book in the series of novels by the author, Max, is a collection of short stories written by Max and his wife, Mrs. Brunnow. The story is based on the novel of the same name by the same author, and is adapted from the novel by the writer, Max.", "reference_summary": "When sabotage downs their helicopter in the mountains, Gallagher finally gets the up-close and personal time he's been craving with fellow agent Carmen Olivera. After their rescue, the saboteur's trail sends the Devlin Group to Africa, where Carmen tries to revert back to her cold, professional self. Except Gallagher isn't ready to let her go. Not by a long shot.\nAs the Group gears up to rescue a young woman held hostage in the well-guarded compound of a guerilla warlord, Carmen tries to shove her long-time attraction for Gallagher--now jacked up by one mind-blowing night--back into its mental"}
{"id": "literary_249", "title": "Jorrocks' Jaunts and Jollities", "text": "till you are up also, and we'll be off together.\"\r\nIt is this union of the elegant courtesies and business\n\nexpressive intimation of the applicant's wants.\r\nFootnote 1: (return)  The date of this description, it must be remembered, is put\n\nwho ventures to take a look at a strange pack of hounds.\r\nIn the meantime the fox, who has often had a game\n\nthem all, and let he whom the cap fits put it on.\r\nIf we look to the left, nearly abreast of the three\n\noffice badge, or an elderly cherub without wings.\r\nFootnote 9: (return)  City\u2014for having a pole run into one's rear.\r\nThe hackney-coach-and cab-men, along whose lines\n\nhour, I should say it is the sun!\" was the reply.\r\nWe have omitted to mention that this memorable day\n\nagree that they never knew a bad 'oss with a rat-tail.\"\r\nFootnote 11: (return)  A favourite joke among grooms when a horse is turned round\n\nbreeze wafted divers scraps of conversation to his ear.\r\nWhat is that hound got by? No. How is that horse\n\ngeneral move ensued, and they left \"the meet.\"\r\n\"Vere be you going to turn out pray, sir, may I inquire?\"\n\nto get a fall the first day they appear in anything new.\r\nMany of the cits now gladly avail themselves of the\n\n\"but Squire\u2014\u2014's keeper has been before us for it.\"\r\n\"Now,\" said a gentleman in a cap, to another in a\n\nthirteen shots at him had not yet touched a feather.\r\nHis dog was of the right sort\u2014for Nosey at least\u2014and\n\nfoot, and left the driver to right himself at his leisure.\r\nFootnote 14: (return)  Doing a bit of resurrection work.\r\nBallenger looked rather queer when he heard they\n\nwas formed into a green-, the other into a gig-house.\r\nThe peals of a bright brass-handled bell at a garden-gate,\n\nto know JORROCKS is indeed to argue oneself unknown.\"\r\n\"This is a case of no ordinary interest, and I approach\n\na fine day, I'll treat you with a jaunt to Margate.\"\r\n\"You are a regular old trump,\" said the Yorkshireman,\n\nexertions he got into bed and very soon fell sound asleep.\r\nMost of the inmates of the house wer", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.6550856828689575, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.5122295618057251, "generated_summary": "The first book in the series of novels by the author of \"The Last Word\" (1996), \"The First Word\" is a collection of short stories written by the writer of \"Another Word\" (1999).", "reference_summary": "What true-bred city sportsman has not in his day put off the most urgent business-perhaps his marriage, or even the interment of his rib-that he might \"brave the morn\" with that renowned pack, the Surrey subscription foxhounds? Lives there, we would ask, a thoroughbred, prime, bang-up, slap-dash, break-neck, out-and-out artist, within three miles of the Monument, who has not occasionally \"gone a good 'un\" with this celebrated pack? ***-excerpt from \"Jorrocks' Jaunts and Jollities\""}
{"id": "literary_250", "title": "Lincoln's Use Of The Bible", "text": "manhood, and gave to America the matchless man.\r\nIn the Bible he found the truth for the ills of men, the secret for the\n\nand the faithful friend when foes are near and other friends so far away.\r\nWe shall speak of what others have said concerning Lincoln\u2019s use of the\n\ninfluence of the Scriptures on his life and literature.\r\nIn Herndon\u2019s Life of Lincoln the partner and President is portrayed as a\n\nor in public document so frequently referred to divine aid.\u201d\r\nIn the year 1901 President Roosevelt delivered an address before the\n\npart of the crowning work of the century just closed.\u201d\r\nLincoln often spoke and wrote of the value of the Bible. To Joshua F.\n\ncould one but take it according to truth.\u201d\r\nOn July 4, 1842, in writing to his friend Speed of the service he had been\n\nLord\u2019 is my text just now.\u201d\r\nIt is stated on good authority that[Pg 13] after his election in 1860 he said to\n\nthe very [Pg 14]elegant copy of the great Book of God which you present.\u201d\r\nAt Springfield he addressed the Bible Society and said: \u201cIt seems to me\n\nthey owe to their Creator, to themselves, and to their fellow men.\u201d\r\nIn J. G. Holland\u2019s Life of Lincoln he gives us the conversation with Mr.\n\nright, for Christ teaches it, and Christ is God.\u201d\r\nIn his Lyceum speech he speaks of the advantage of an education and being\n\nof thy life: as I was with Moses, so I will be with thee.\u201d\r\nIt has been said by those who pride themselves on having no faith in the\n\nour heads, and he will not forget the dying man who puts his trust in him.\u201d\r\nMr. William S. Speer wrote to Mr. Lincoln asking him to write a letter to\n\ncannot but be valuable and fruitful.\u201d\r\nWe find in his speeches and letters the Bible at his tongue\u2019s end. In his\n\nlive.\u201d\r\nHe was very fond of a poem called \u201cAdam and Eve\u2019s Wedding Song\u201d:\r\n\u201cWhen Adam was created\r\nHe dwelt in Eden\u2019s shade.\n\nAs Moses has recorded.\r\nAnd soon a bride was made.\u201d\r\nSome thought that Lincoln was its author, but he said: \u201cI am not the\n\nserved them more than four hundred years. Ma", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.3292539417743683, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The book is a collection of essays by Lincoln, Herndon, and Hernon.", "reference_summary": "Many of the earliest books, particularly those dating back to the 1900s and before, are now extremely scarce and increasingly expensive. We are republishing these classic works in affordable, high quality, modern editions, using the original text and artwork.\nI have an original paperback edition. There is no isbn."}
{"id": "literary_251", "title": "The Case of Jennie Brice", "text": "death, and to me the worst case of \"shingles\" I have ever seen.\r\nMy name is Pitman\u2014in this narrative. It is not really\n\nPittsburgh; it is now the North Side.\r\nI was glad to get back. I worked hard, but I made my rent and my\n\na pair of rubber boots, was her full aunt!\r\nThe flood and the sight of Lida both brought back the case of\n\nand a lot of quarreling they did about it.\r\nI knocked at the door at ten o'clock, and Mr. Ladley opened it.\n\nhad a cigarette. Even yet, the parlor carpet smells of them.\r\n\"What do you want?\" he asked sharply, holding the door open\n\ndoor. But I had got my toe in the crack.\r\n\"I'll have to have the piano moved, Mr. Ladley,\" I said. \"You'd\n\npromised to star him in it when it was finished.\r\n\"Hell!\" he said, and turning, spoke to somebody in the room.\r\n\"We can go into the back room,\" I heard him say, and he closed\n\nwhisky, even when they were behind with their board.\r\n\"That's all very well,\" Mrs. Ladley said. I could always hear\n\n\"But what about the prying she-devil that runs the house?\"\r\n\"Hush, for God's sake!\" broke in Mr. Ladley, and after that they\n\nhad the colored supplement of a morning paper in his hand.\r\n\"What's the matter with the Ladleys?\" he asked. \"I can't read\n\nfarther, so the landlord will have to paper the parlor.\"\r\nThat was at three o'clock. At four Mr. Ladley went down the\n\nhard enough to keep boarders in the flood district.\r\nShe did not answer to my knock, so I opened the door and went\n\naround here rely on 'em every year to wash out their cellars.\"\r\n\"No, I'm not going away,\" she replied lazily. \"I'm taking that\n\nof sugar, and I gave it to him.\r\n\"Where is Mr. Ladley?\" I asked.\r\n\"Gone out to see the river.\"\r\n\"I hope he'll be careful. There's a drowning or two every year\n\nwent. Then I'd have given a good bit to have him back again.\"\r\nShe was standing in front of the dresser, fixing her hair over\n\nher ears. She turned and looked at me over her shoulder.\r\n\"Probably Mr. Pitman was a man,\" she said. \"My husband is a\n\nit to one spindle ", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.32096073031425476, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The story of a young woman who is a snobby, sexy, and affluent man. She is the daughter of sanity and savageness, and the mother of feisty, tame, and debauchery.", "reference_summary": "A blood-stained rope and towel, and a missing tenant, convince Mrs. Pittman that a murder has been committed in her boarding house. But without a body, the police say there is no case. Now, it's up to Mrs. Pittman to ferret out the killer. For as the landlady, she has the perfect excuse to do a little snooping--and the key to Jennie's apartment."}
{"id": "literary_252", "title": "The Hieroglyphics", "text": "which those branches beat angrily upon the glass.\r\nThe room seemed always dark. I suppose that the house had been built in\n\nhe held both the Key and the Lamp in his hands.\r\nIt is a confession of mysticism, but I incline to think that he was\n\nthere is the subtlest and most beautiful melody in the world.\r\nI can scarcely say whether he wrote much himself. He would speak of\n\ncare to talk of literature from the commercial standpoint.\r\nIt is perhaps needless to say that I consulted my friend before\n\narrangements have been made for the dissemination of literature.\"\r\nYou don't see the immense importance of that? You surprise me. Let us go\n\nwritten, or printed thought into two great genera?\r\nWell, as you may have guessed, I have my solution, and I like it none\n\non top of the political pamphlet.\r\nI will not argue the matter at the moment; I would merely caution you\n\nyou may not agree with me.\r\nBut before we argue the merits of my own literary solvent, we might very\n\nwould say that because it is good, it is therefore Burgundy?\r\nI am not quite sure that I am not muddling up two things which are in\n\nbetween the two, especially as \"interesting\" is somewhat ambiguous.\r\nAnd you think it a paradox, then, to maintain that the power of exciting\n\nconclusion as to its \u00e6sthetic value.\r\nI confess all this seems A B C to me, though I see [17]you are still\n\ncalled ecstasy. Listen to this:\r\n\"It was a freak of fancy in my friend (for what else shall I call it?)\n\nstamp and imprint to the matter of life.\r\nI really think then that we have disposed of perhaps the most generally\n\nsensational kind].\r\nTherefore, the \"Moonstone\" has the mark of fine literature.\r\nYou note the \"paltering\" with the word, its use now in one sense, and\n\ningredient into a dish with the view of obtaining a particular flavour.\r\nNow, then, let us apply all this to our matter. I daresay you have often\n\n\"artifice\"; while \"art\" will be retained and set apart for higher uses.\r\nAnd now as to \"emotion.\" Here, I think, you ought to ", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.4689672291278839, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The epoch of the revolution in the United States is a time when the world was awash with a wave of political and economic revolutions. But the world is now a shattered world, and the world has been re-enslaved by the savagery of the past.", "reference_summary": "Fiction. \"In THE HIEROGLYPHICS, a novel(la) in prose poems, Michael Stewart tackles nothing less than a radical revision of creation myths that comments darkly on the ancient stories we have received & the future we may be facing. Stewart's language is spare & haunting, the allusions resonating, in this work that 'reminds us how pale are the achievements of men'\" Wendy Barker.\""}
{"id": "literary_253", "title": "The Heart Of A Dog", "text": "Copyright, 1921, 1922, 1923 and 1924,\r\nBy George H. Doran Company\r\nCopyright, 1920, by The Curtis Publishing Company\r\nCopyright, 1921, by International Magazine Company\r\nHarpers\u2019 Bazar\r\nTHE HEART OF A DOG\r\nPRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA\n\nIIMy book is dedicated to\r\nMY FRIEND\r\nMARK SAXTON\r\nTHE ONLY BOY WHOM THE CONSERVATIVE SUNNYBANK\r\nCOLLIES HAVE HONOURED WITH THEIR\r\nFRIENDSHIP, AND WHOM THEY HAVE ACCEPTED\r\nAS A LOVED PLAYFELLOW\n\nor in rock-clefts when blizzards made the going bad.\r\nIt was the season when foxes as a rule run solitary.\n\nthey found it more profitable to hunt together than alone.\r\nOnly once or twice in their winter\u2019s foraging did they\n\nhave struck horror to the heart of any scientific breeder.\r\nFor it was merely a woodchuck hole in an upland\n\nThat was all the home-making done by the pair.\r\nThen, of a windy night, just before the first of April,\n\nfoxes, he could not be induced to touch any bird of prey.\r\nThat night he foraged again; in spite of having outraged\n\nafield and had reserved the nearby farm for later emergencies.\r\nNow the emergency appeared to call for such a visit\n\nthem, nor why one and all of them had ceased to nurse.\r\nMeantime, her mate was drifting like an unobtrusive\n\nnose and by hearing that the dog was no longer in there.\r\nHe was correct in this, as in most of his surmises. Not\n\nthe lee of a rock that stood beside the hole.\r\nWhitefoot dropped the collie pup in front of his mate;\n\nthat man is the dread foe of the beast.\r\nGaily as the two might play in the moonlit grass, the first\n\nthe pair in the burrow were not sought out nor harried.\r\nBack at the Logan farm there was bewilderment at the\n\nmother and Dick together could have imparted it to him.\r\nBy example and by swift punishment in event of disobedience,\n\nincredible cunning of her race and the fear of man.\r\nBy the time his legs could fairly support him on the\n\n19at him, ravening and raging in defence of her suckling.\r\nThen crept the influx of spring food into the valley and\n\nto ", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.5652064085006714, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.5023022294044495, "generated_summary": "The first book in the series of books by the author, \"The foxes\" is a collection of short stories and essays by the writer. It is based on the novel of the same name by the same author.", "reference_summary": "WITH A NEW INTRODUCTION BY ANDREY KURKOV\nA rich, successful Moscow professor befriends a stray dog and attempts a scientific first by transplanting into it the testicles and pituitary gland of a recently deceased man. A distinctly worryingly human animal is now on the loose, and the professor's hitherto respectable life becomes a nightmare beyond endurance. An absurd and superbly comic story, this classic novel can also be read as a fierce parable of the Russian Revolution."}
{"id": "literary_254", "title": "The Wheel of Fortune", "text": "proved her curse and held her in bondage.\r\nAnd now for Mr.\u00a0Coubrough's propositions.\r\n(1) The movement is intended to serve\n\nWork is more excellent than idleness;\r\nThe body's life proceeds not, lacking work.\r\nThere is a task of holiness to do,\r\nUnlike world-binding toil, which bindeth not\r\nThe faithful soul; such earthly duty do\r\n[pg 094]Free from desire, and thou shalt well perform\r\nThy heavenly purpose. Spake Prajapati\r\nIn the beginning, when all men were made,\r\nAnd, with mankind, the sacrifice\u2014\"Do this!\r\nWork! Sacrifice! Increase and multiply\r\nWith sacrifice! This shall be Kamadhuk,\r\nYour 'Cow of Plenty', giving back her milk\r\nOf all abundance. Worship the gods thereby;\r\nThe gods shall yield ye grace. Those meats ye crave\r\nThe gods will grant to Labour, when it pays\r\nTithes in the altar-flame. But if one eats\r\nFruits of the earth, rendering to kindly heaven,\r\nNo gift of toil, that thief steals from his world.\"\r\nWho eat of food after their sacrifice\r\nAre quit of fault, but they that spread a feast\r\n[pg 095]All for themselves, eat sin and drink of sin.\r\nBy food the living live; food comes of rain.\r\nAnd rain comes by the pious sacrifice,\r\nAnd sacrifice is paid with tithes of toil;\r\nThus action is of Brahma, who is one,\r\nThe Only, All\u2014pervading; at all times\r\nPresent in sacrifice. He that abstains\r\nTo help the rolling wheels of this great world,\r\nGlutting his idle sense, lives a lost life,\r\nShameful and vain.\n\n[pg 148]Count.Test.Wage per pound.Approximate twist per inch.Rounds on 4 feet hank frame.Number of ends in an inch of reed.Number of double ends in an inch.Rates of weaving per square yard.Rs.\u00a0A.\u00a0P.\r\n6Warp0\u00a0\u00a04\u00a00109624 to 2818 to 220\u00a0\u00a04\u00a0\u00a00\r\n6Weft0\u00a0\u00a03\u00a008\".........\r\n9Warp0\u00a0\u00a06\u00a001214426 to 3220 to 240\u00a0\u00a04\u00a0\u00a06\r\n9Weft0\u00a0\u00a04\u00a0610\".........\r\n12Warp0\u00a010\u00a001419230 to 3422 to 260\u00a0\u00a05\u00a0\u00a00\r\n12Weft0\u00a0\u00a08\u00a0012\".........\r\n16Warp0\u00a012\u00a001625634 to 3824 to 280\u00a0\u00a05\u00a0\u00a06\r\n16Weft0\u00a010\u00a0013\".........\r\n20Warp1\u00a0\u00a00\u00a001832040 to 4428 to 320\u00a0\u00a06\u00a0\u00a00\r\n20Weft0\u00a013\u00a0015\".........", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.8970385789871216, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.5371588468551636, "generated_summary": "The first book in the series of books by the author, \"The Last Book of the Novel\" is a collection of short stories and essays by the writer. It is based on the novel of the same name by the same author, and is adapted from the novel's first edition.", "reference_summary": "Oxmoon, the rambling old mansion on a sprawling estate in Wales, has been for generations, the dream, the downfall, and the destiny of the wealthy Godwin family. Discover how these extraordinary people were caught on life's wheel of fortune, how the family legacy of madness, murder, and doomed romance, begun with 19th century Gwyneth Godwin's scandalous affair with sheep farmer Owen Bryn-Davis, pursue all of the Godwins who live and die for the memories and the beauty of Oxmoon."}
{"id": "literary_255", "title": "Stormy, Misty's Foal", "text": "causeway. Then the people on the island are wholly isolated.\r\nBut most of the time Chincoteague enjoys the protection of a neighbor\n\nhim to sleep overtime.\"\r\n\"Me neither,\" Paul said, \"even when it's cloudy.\"\r\nThe old man and the boy went thudding in their sock feet to the back\n\nhaving a colt than if she was a queen birthin' a crown prince.\"\r\n\"Well, she is!\" Paul exclaimed. \"She's a movie queen.\"\r\n\"Yup,\" Grandpa joined in. \"Name me another Chincoteague pony who's a\n\nit's made a heap o' difference to Pony Ranch.\"\r\nPaul nodded vehemently. \"Yes, Grandma. You know we sell more ponies\n\nto build her a fine stable and....\"\r\n\"And I'll never hear the end of it!\" Grandma grumbled. \"Our place is\n\ncolt\u2014land o' mercy!\u2014they'll be thicker'n oysters in a pie.\"\r\nPaul and Grandpa were out the door. Grandma's sputtering bothered them\n\nno more than a mosquito before the fuzz comes off its stinger.\r\nA faint light had begun to melt the darkness and there was a brim of\n\ndown from his bed in the pickup truck and came galloping to meet them.\r\n\"Hi, Skipper!\" Paul gave him a rough-and-tumble greeting, but his\n\nplace.\"\r\n\"So?\"\r\n\"Well, if Misty should be bad off....\"\r\n\"What in tarnation you gettin' at?\"\r\n\"Maybe we'd ought to buy a goat, just in case....\"\r\n\"In case what?\"\r\n\"Misty couldn't give enough milk for her colt.\"\r\nThe old man pulled himself loose from Paul. \"Get outen my way, boy.\n\ncolts have a better chance of living than March ones.\"\r\nThe old man stopped in mid-stride. \"It just ain't fittin' fer colts\n\nclumped off toward the corncrib, muttering and shaking his head.\r\nPaul skinned between the fence rails and ran toward the made-over\n\nhad been at midnight, and the night before, and the night before that.\r\n\"Surely it'll come today,\" Paul said to her, trying to hide his\n\nsoon as school's out, I got to build us more stalls. Maureen can help.\"\r\n\"Help what?\" came a girl's voice.\n\nWater them ponies afore they die o' thirst.\"\r\nMost of Grandpa's herd were still away on winter pasture at Deep Hole\n\n", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.44838154315948486, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The story of a young girl who is a pony and has been a part of the Pony Ranch for years. She is smitten with the horse, and is captivated by the horse's owner, the horse-owner, and the horse.", "reference_summary": "A foal, born in the aftermath of a great storm, and her famous mother help raise money to repair the storm damage on Chincoteague Island and restore the herds of wild ponies on Assateague Island."}
{"id": "literary_256", "title": "Dodo Wonders--", "text": "[Pg 9]\r\nCHAPTER I\r\nDODO DE SENECTUTE\r\nDodo was so much interested in what she had herself been saying, that\n\ndiscussion on free will.[Pg 10]\r\nEdith, it may be remarked, had arrived at her house in town only to find\n\nsubject. You could have stayed in Germany, but you chose not to. There!\"\r\nEdith had not nearly finished telling Dodo about these concerts, in\n\nto an artist.\"\r\n\"No, dear; tell me,\" said Dodo, still looking at her cigarettes.\r\n\"Then you must allow me to speak. It was crammed, of course, and the air\n\nare far the most intense nation there is. First I played\u2014\u2014\"\r\n\"I thought you conducted,\" said Dodo.\r\n\"Yes; we call that playing. That is the usual term. First I played the\n\nhave heard a pin drop.\"\r\n\"Did it?\" asked Dodo.\r\n\"No: I dropped my baton, which sounded like a clap of thunder. Then came\n\nwas getting[Pg 14] old and an\u00e6mic. I won't be a canary after all!\"\r\nEdith shouted with laughter.\r\n\"A mind like yours is such a relief after living with orderly German\n\nperceptions and one's wisdom.\"\r\nDodo considered this.\r\n\"Yes, I daresay it is so up to a point,\" she said, \"though I seem to\n\nafraid of in getting old!\"\r\n\"But you're not afraid of dying?\" asked Edith incredulously.\r\n\"Good gracious, no. I'm never afraid of certainties; I'm only afraid of\n\nrealise I'm fifty-five. I tell myself I'm fifty-five\u2014\u2014\"\r\n\"Four,\" said Edith; \"I'm six.\"\r\n\"And that I was young last century and not this century,\" continued Dodo\n\nlike Mummie.\"\r\n\"I am lost without spectacles,\" said Edith.\r\n\"But I'm not; it was my spectacles that were always lost. And then I\n\nit!\" cried Dodo.\r\nEdith had finished tea, and was waiting, rather severely, for a pause.\r\n\"But that's not all of you, Dodo,\" she said; \"there is a piece of you\n\nthat's not a child. I want to talk to that.\"\r\nDodo nodded at her.\r\n\"Yes, I know it's there,\" she said, \"and we shall come to it in time. Of\n\nthe knowledge of what a lovely time I have had. That's my plan, anyhow.\"\r\nDodo had got quite serious and absently dipped the last two or thr", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.3760621249675751, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The first book in the series of books by the author, Edith, is a collection of short stories and poems. It is based on the novel of the same name by the same author.", "reference_summary": "Dodo was so much interested in what she had herself been saying, that having just lit one cigarette, she lit another at it, and now contemplated the two with a dazed expression. She was talking to Edith Arbuthnot, who had just returned from a musical tour in Germany, where she had conducted a dozen concerts consisting entirely of her own music with flaring success. She had been urged by her agent to give half a dozen more, the glory of which, he guaranteed, would completely eclipse that of the first series, but instead she had come back to England. She did not quite know why she had done so: h"}
{"id": "literary_257", "title": "Titan (Gaea, #1)", "text": "the Titan.\r\nA French critic says of the \"Titan\":\u2014\r\n\"It is a poem, a romance; a psychological r\u00e9sum\u00e9, a satire, an elegy,\n\nwith vehement aspirations after the unknown and impossible?...\r\n\"In augmenting the sum of its desires, will it augment the sum of its\n\nsuffering?\r\n\"Will it not be the giant that scales heaven\u2014\r\n\"And that falls crushed to death?\r\n\"Titan!\"\r\nIn giving his romance the title of \"Titan,\" says the same writer, \"it is\n\nthe principal personages of the drama.\r\n\"By the side of the coldness and the vast plans of Don Gaspard de\n\nin the course of the work, he does not cease to achieve.\"\r\nThe author whom we have thus copiously quoted alludes to Jean Paul's\n\ndeviate a single minute from the character the author has given them.\"\r\nThe fate of his Titanide, Linda, created a loud remonstrance in Germany;\n\nthe homely phrase) is ever in the right place.\r\nIt has seemed necessary to give a few notes, and only a few. Properly to\n\nmeet them out of the bosom of May.[Pg xii]\r\nBut, as they touched the first flowers of earth, and flung only rays of\n\nupon the earth, and every spirit becomes a human being!\"\r\nSo they became human beings and sisters, and were called Louisa,\n\nRide to Blumenb\u00fchl 384\r\nFOURTEENTH JUBILEE.\r\nAlbano and Liana 405\r\nFIFTEENTH JUBILEE.\r\nMan and Woman 432\r\nSIXTEENTH JUBILEE.\r\nThe Sorrows of a Daughter 481\n\njewels, can brighten and improve only by cutting hollow.\r\nAs he drew nearer and nearer, the island attracted him, as one world\n\nscutcheon of the Borrom\u00e6ans, stands on the upper terrace of the island.\r\nAfter the death of his mother his father transplanted him from the\n\nlonger be reached by their pots and shears.\r\nAnd now, when he shall have returned from the island, he is to pass from\n\nthis time, his father had strictly forbidden him.\r\nAnd to-morrow he sees that father for the first time![Pg 4] He must have\n\nstand his ground, tramples down larks'-eggs and ears of corn.[Pg 5]\r\nI think that the corner which I have thus snipped off from the\n\nChristian name, w", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.38671189546585083, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The Titan is a story of the titan's journey to the eloquent and mystical realm of the universe. It is based on the novel of the same name by the author, Jean Paul, who wrote it in 1897.", "reference_summary": "It begins with humankind's exploration of a massive satellite orbiting Saturn. It culminates in a shocking discovery: the satellite is a giant alien being. Her name is Gaea. Her awesome interior is mind-boggling--because it is a mind. A mind that calls out to explorers, transforming all who enter."}
{"id": "literary_258", "title": "The Story of a New York House", "text": "PAGE\r\n\"I thumped him\"14\r\n\"It's a monstrous great place for a country-house, Mr. Dolph\"18\r\nThere was only one idea, and that was flight28\r\nThe light flickered on the top of the church spire31\r\n(By F. Hopkinson Smith.)\r\nThey hesitated a second, looking at the great arm chair37\r\n\"Stay there, sir\u2014you, sir, you, Jacob Dolph!\"41\r\nAfter awhile he began to take timorous strolls47\r\nJacob Dolph the elder ... stood on his hearth rug51\r\nAnd then he marched off to bed by himself, suffering no one to go with him55\r\nIn quiet morning hours ... when his daughter sat at his feet77\r\n\"Mons'us gran dinneh, seh!\"79\r\n\"All of a sudden, chock forward he went, right on his face\"84\r\nHe heard the weak, spasmodic wail of another Dolph88\r\n\"Central American,\" said the clerk106\r\n\"Looks like his father,\" was Mr. Daw's comment109\r\nO'Reagan of Castle Reagan118\r\n\"If it hadn't been for the Dolphs, devil the rattle you'd have had\"120\r\n\"I know'd you'd take me in, Mist' Dolph,\" he panted131\r\n\"Have you got a nigger here?\"133\r\nAbram Van Riper makes a business communication.141\r\nAnd so she set his necktie right, and he went144\r\nLooking on his face, she saw death quietly coming upon him149\r\nFinial152\n\nhe heard the distant sound of hammers.\r\n\"What is it?\" he asked, nervously.\r\n\"They are boarding up some of the streets,\"\n\non the arms with nervous fingers.[38]\r\n\"I shall never go back there,\" he said again.\r\n\"Of course you know best, sir,\" said young\n\nAnd then he marched off to bed by himself, suffering no one to go with him.\r\nAnd then he marched off to bed by himself, suffering no one to go with him.\n\nunnerve most men.\r\n\"It was heroic,\" said Dr. F.\r\nMadam Des Anges bowed her gray head approvingly.\r\n\"I think,\" she said, \"his conduct shows him\n\nthan her flame-colored satin dress.\r\nShe attacked him in a vehement whisper.\r\n\"Van Riper, what are you doing? I'd almost\n\nus, Van Riper, is more than I know, I vow.\"\r\nBut all she could get out of Van Riper was:\r\n\"The old harridan! She'll remember my\n\nname this year or two t", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.6159250140190125, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.5034396052360535, "generated_summary": "The story of Jacob Dolph, a young man who is a snobby and a rebellious teenager, is told in a very revealing way.", "reference_summary": "First published in 1887 by the American novelist, poet and short story writer who was also editor of Puck periodical."}
{"id": "literary_259", "title": "Greener Than You Think (Classics of Modern Science Fiction 10)", "text": "country or station\u2014are Albert Weener. As I am Albert Weener.\r\n[1]\r\nONE\r\nAlbert Weener Begins\r\n1. I always knew I should write a book.\n\nthe things which have happened to me in that time.\r\nIt all began with the word itself.\r\n\"Grass. Gramina. The family Gramineae. Grasses.\"\r\n\"Oh,\" I responded doubtfully. The picture in my mind was\n\nonly of a vague area in parks edged with benches for the idle.\r\nAnyway, I was far too resentful to pay strict attention. I had\n\nbarrel and on it was placed the tremendous drum of her torso.\r\n\"A little more work,\" she rumbled, \"a few interesting problems\n\nLuckily it will do it itself.\"\r\n\"I don't catch.\"\r\n\"Look about you\u2014what do you see?\"\r\nI glanced around and started to say, a measuring glass on a\n\ninterest to me? No, no ... it was fantastic, out of the question.\r\nA different, more practical setup now.... At least there\n\nproduct. Yours should be sold to householders for their lawns.\"\r\n\"Should it? Well, I say it shouldnt. Listen to me: there are\n\nto encourage imbeciles to grow grass in a desert.\r\n\"My method is the second one. I want no more backward\n\ncould be no repeat business? I wasnt tying myself to it for life.\r\nAll that remained was to find myself a customer. I tried to\n\nI walked over a twinkling greensward and rang the bell.\r\n\"Good afternoon, madam. I can see from your garden youre\n\naid of anything else, natural or artificial.\"\r\n\"My gardener takes care of all that.\"\r\n\"But, madam\u2014\"\r\n\"There is a city ordinance against unlicensed solicitors.\n\nmadam, I'm sorry to say, no less than a disgrace.\"\r\nShe was a woman beyond the age of childbearing, her dress\n\nI took a good breath and wound up for the clincher.\r\nI won't say she was an easy sale, but afterall I'm a psychologist;\n\nbe the same as putting it in the water, wouldnt it?\r\nTo come to this practical conclusion under the brunt of the\n\nsee for yourself, provided of course you wet it down properly.\"\r\n\"In a week youll be far gone with my five dollars,\" diagnosed\n\nthan she had in her restriction t", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.46723049879074097, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.5143693089485168, "generated_summary": "A remark about the book: \"The Book of the Dead is a collection of short stories, novels, and short stories. It is based on the novel of the same name by the author of the first novel, \"The Word of the Day.\" The book is adapted from the novel by the writer of the second novel, and is reprinted in the form of a companion book.", "reference_summary": "Ward Moore's classic novel \"Greener Than You Think\" posits a world with Bermuda grass running out of control -- choking out every other plant and destroying the food supply of animals and humanity alike. Originally published in 1947."}
{"id": "literary_260", "title": "The History of Astronomy", "text": "the places of the planets among the stars can be predicted.[9] He says that whoever is not satisfied with this\n\nThe same subject was again proposed for a prize which was shared by Lagrange[1] and Euler, neither finding a solution, while the latter\n\nequatoreal calms is free from spots. But it was R. C. Carrington[4] who, by his continuous observations at Redhill, in\n\nwhich have not been accounted for by known planets; and Le Verrier[3] has stated that an intra-Mercurial planet or ring of\n\nthe proper motions of Arcturus and Sirius. In 1738 J. Cassinis[6] showed that the former had moved five minutes of arc\n\nMaskelyne measured many proper motions of stars, from which W. Herschel[8] came to the conclusion that these apparent motions are\n\ncarried on the work at Dorpat. But it was first to Savary,[13] and later to Encke and Sir John Herschel, that we owe\n\nLatterly the best work on double stars has been done by S. W. Burnham,[14] at the Lick Observatory. The shortest period he found\n\nProcyon respectively. In 1844, in a letter to Sir John Herschel,[15] he attributed these irregularities in each case to the\n\ndark body approaching us at the rate of 550 miles a second[19] was traversing a cold nebulous atmosphere, and was", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Science", "topic_confidence": 0.5740123391151428, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The spectral structure of the star is a simple elliptical shape with a radial velocity of.", "reference_summary": "Packed with color photographs, this compelling volume chronicles the history of astronomy.\nThis extraordinary book traces the stories of humans interacting with the endless wonders of the night sky, beginning with the earliest superstitions and continuing through to the birth and development of the science of astronomy.\nThe authors, both expert astronomers, researched 29 locations worldwide, from Beijing's ancient observatory to the observatory in Puerto Rico that searches for alien radio signals. They also interviewed 26 of the world's most esteemed astronomers, including Stephen Hawking.\nCom"}
{"id": "literary_261", "title": "Other People's Money and How the Bankers Use It (The Bedford Series in History and Culture)", "text": "in this world, do you not?\u201d\r\nHe answered:\r\n\u201cPretty nearly.\u201d\r\nRAMIFICATIONS OF POWER\r\nBut wealth expressed in figures gives a wholly\n\nif we would attain the New Freedom.\r\nHOW SHALL EXCESSIVE CHARGES BE STOPPED?\r\nThe Pujo Committee recommends, as a remedy\n\nsecurities, no such need exists.\r\nWHERE THE BANKER SERVES NOT\r\nIt needs no banker experts in value to tell us\n\nthe necessary funds to construct and operate.\r\n\u201cThe motor-car business was the same.\r\n\u201cWhen a few gentlemen followed me in my\n\nthe sacrifice of a single stockholder or bondholder.\r\n* * * * *\r\nInvestment bankers had no place on the\n\nBeach & Lynn,\u2014a passenger road 13 miles long.\r\nTHE NEW HAVEN MONOPOLY\r\nThe rise of the New Haven Monopoly presents\n\non the average, only $10,000,000 a year.\r\nTHE NEW HAVEN BANKERS\r\nFew, if any, of those 121 companies which the\n\nwho do not know anything about it.\u201d\r\nAVOCATIONS OF THE OLIGARCHS\r\nThe New Haven System is not a railroad, but\n\nliberated and developed.\r\n* * * * *\r\nPresident Wilson has said wisely:\r\n\u201cNo country can afford to have its prosperity", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.8520241379737854, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.5335494875907898, "generated_summary": "The book is a collection of short stories, poems, and essays by the author.", "reference_summary": "A key document in the Progressive era, Other People's Moneyconveys a sense of moral outrage and political anger over the costs of the industrialization of the United States on traditional social and political values. A thorough introduction and questinos for considerations accompany the full text of Louis Brandeis's 1914 work."}
{"id": "literary_262", "title": "Nothing to Do", "text": "Augustus Fitz-Herbert, as all are aware,\r\nHaving crossed the Atlantic, and got a moustache on,\r\nLikewise being son of a known millionaire,\r\nStands of course on the very top round of the fashion.\r\nBeing taught to consider himself, from his birth,\r\nAs one of the privileged ones of the earth,\r\nHe cherishes deep and befitting disdain[6]\r\nFor those who don't live in the Fifth Avenue,\r\nAs entirely unworthy the notice or thought\r\nOf the heir of two millions and nothing to do.\r\nHe calls them canaille, which I'm credibly told\r\nIs the only French word which he caught when away;\r\nAnd though, in my case, if I might be so bold,\r\nI should say it scarce paid one for half a year's stay,\r\nThe heir of two millions and nothing to do,[7]\r\nWho lives in a palace in Fifth Avenue,\r\nAs a matter of course, is no fitting comparison\r\nFor the heir of an inkstand and something to do,\r\nWho lodges up stairs, in the house of Miss Harrison.\n\nThere is something that puzzles me, let me confess\u2014\r\nWhy these rare old antiques wear so modern a dress!\r\nUnless, like the comet which now reappears,\r\nFor the first time, I think, within hundreds of years,\r\nSo fashions in dress run through regular courses,\r\nAnd strictly obey the mechanical forces.[18]\r\nLet me hereby suggest that some almanac-maker,\r\nIn his very next issue but one, undertake a\r\nBrief record of Fashions that may re\u00e4ppear\r\nIn the course of the next or the following year.\r\nWith what eager eyes would our wives read, be sure,\r\nAbout\u2014this\u2014time\u2014expect\u2014a\u2014new\u2014style\u2014of\u2014coiffure,\r\nA black lace Fichu under dark satin loops;\r\nOr, more ominous still, a recurrence of hoops!\r\nAttended, perhaps, by the brief intimation,\r\nBased upon strict and exact calculation,[19]\r\nThat the first would enjoy but a limited reign, as\r\nIt was looked for next year in far-distant Uranus;\r\nWhile the last had intended to visit us sooner,\r\nBut tarried a while with the ladies of Luna.\n\nFrom his journal I venture below to record\r\nA single impression received while abroad:\r\n\"June 7th, we r", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.5280084013938904, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.5035418272018433, "generated_summary": "The first edition of the book, \"The Last Days of Augustus Fitz-Herbert,\" is a collection of short stories and essays by the author. It is based on the novel of the same name by the same author.", "reference_summary": "This is an illustrated children's book featuring a family of oppossums. Frances is bored, and complains to his father that he has nothing to do. His father gives him a 'something-to-do' stone, and tells him to put it in his pocket and rub it when he can't think of anything to do. This works so well that he teaches the technique to his little sister."}
{"id": "literary_263", "title": "The Long Journey (Other Side of The River #6)", "text": "we few that are left.\"\r\n\"But I am afraid,\" said little Sabina.\r\n\"Afraid of what?\"\r\n\"Of the river and the great sea.\"\r\n\"Thousands have sailed down the river and\n\nthan once to the bottom of the hill.\"\r\n\"What is the matter?\" asked Conrad.\r\n\"You will hear in good time,\" answered\n\nMargareta in a patronizing way.\r\n[Pg 11]\r\n\"Where is father?\"\r\n\"In the house.\"\r\n\"If anything had happened he would tell\n\nit seemed like Heaven.\r\n\"I cannot go,\" cried Magdalena.\r\n\"Oh, father, let us stay,\" begged Margareta.\r\nBefore John Conrad could answer, a cheerful\n\nthe old dog's neck.\r\n\"I cannot leave you! I cannot leave you!\"\r\nThen he felt himself lifted up and put\n\nunder mighty trees.\r\n\"If we might only stay here!\" they sighed.\r\nJohn Conrad shook his head.\r\n\"Here we should not find rest.\"\r\nOnce more the Germans disembarked, wondering\n\na whisper of her father.\r\nJohn Conrad smiled.\r\n\"We might see her riding in her chariot.\"\r\nThen John Conrad grew sober. As they\n\nThey have begun to send some of us to Ireland.\"\r\nJohn Conrad shook his head.\r\n\"This whole land is sick. Across the ocean\n\nimportant things might depend.\r\n\"Conrad,\" he began, \"while I am gone\u2014\"\r\n\"Oh, father, take me with you! I beg, take\n\nThe course of fate had changed!\r\nA few times John Conrad spoke to his son.\r\n\"Are you afraid?\"\r\n\"Not I.\"\r\n\"Pray God that this strange way may lead\n\nto be frightened.\r\n\"Where will they take us, father?\"\r\nJohn Conrad's voice trembled.\r\n\"They are taking us into the Queen's palace,\"\n\nsat nearest to her.\r\n\"He speaks well, my lord.\"\r\n[Pg 67]\r\n\"He speaks from the soul, Madam.\"\r\nNow the Queen conversed rapidly and in a\n\ncould draw from our own stores.\"\r\nGovernor Hunter leaned forward eagerly.\r\n\"It will be time to think of wine when Her\n\nto hold themselves in readiness.\"\r\nNow Conrad breathed a long sigh.\r\n\"The lad looks at me with a question in\n\nwhom they please and kill and rob.\"\r\n\"Are we sure to meet them?\" asked Conrad.\r\n\"They come out from the shore like\n\nquickly!\"\r\nThe sailor who came to his aid laughed.\r\n", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.3694881498813629, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The story of the sailor and his family is told in this book.", "reference_summary": "Separated from Daniel by half a continent and possibly death, Luise must create a life for herself in Shumanovka, across the river from China. Her dreams of Daniel convince her to continue praying even though everyone believes she is deceiving herself. Are her prayers in vain? Somewhere in an isolated Khanty camp, an unknown man awakes with little memory of his past, and yet there are those who know him. Stalin's reign of terror reaches the farthest corners of his republic, but he cannot reign in the hearts of the faithful."}
{"id": "literary_264", "title": "A Christmas Accident and Other Stories", "text": "Page\r\nA Christmas Accident1\r\nAfter\u2014the Deluge32\r\nMemoir of Mary Twining67\r\nA Postlude99\r\nThe \"Daily Morning Chronicle\"139\r\nHearts Unfortified177\r\nHer Neighbor's Landmark210\n\nhave interest enough to care.\"\r\n\"No,\" said Lucy, soberly, \"we didn't.\"\r\n\"And I care just as much as I ever did\n\nalways used to come to see us off.\"\r\n\"Of course he did,\" said Lucy.\r\n\"Do you know, I'm rather glad his\n\nvery root of all successful athletic exhibitions.\"\r\nShe shrugged her shoulders a little.\r\n\"Oh, well, if you like to air your powers\n\nwhat I spend.\"\r\nHe looked her over with approval.\r\n\"You spend it well,\" he asserted.\r\n\"I have to,\" she returned, \"or else\n\nWest.\"\r\n\"She is pretty.\"\r\n\"Very good goods.\"\r\n\"Is she as nice as Tommy?\"\r\n\"No. There are not many girls as\n\nnearly right as Tommy.\"\r\n\"Except me.\"\r\n\"Well, perhaps, except you.\"\r\n\"But then, I'm not many.\"[189]\r\n\"No, separate wrapper, only one in a\n\nopened her eyes wide.\r\n\"What was it?\"\r\n\"Nothing but your heart.\"\r\nShe considered the matter seriously.\r\n\"Was it really?\"\r\n\"It was really.\"\r\n\"And I've lost,\" she pondered aloud.\r\n\"And you've lost.\"\r\nShe raised her eyes with a glance in[190]\n\ndid not follow his suggestion.\r\n\"Oh, no,\" she said, \"you have succeeded.\"\r\n\"And that means\u2014what?\"\r\n\"I told you I was sitting among the\n\nReuben.\r\n\"Yare.\"\r\n\"Got some calves in there, I see.\"\r\n\"Wal, yes; been doin' some tradin'.\"\r\nReuben nodded. \"Ain't any news, I\n\ndramatic.\r\n\"I declare, 'twas too bad,\" said Reuben.\r\n\"'Twas too bad,\" said Stephen.\r\n\"Is the horse all right?\" asked Cynthia,\n\nwonder if they was right.\"\r\n\"Mostly are,\" said Stephen.\r\n[235]\r\nMiss Trumbull's New Story\r\n\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\r\nMistress Content Cradock\r\nAN HISTORICAL TALE OF NEW ENGLAND\n\n1 vol. 12mo., cloth. Illustrated. Price, $1.00.\r\n\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\r\nA charming colonial romance.\u2014The Congregationalist.\r\nIt is in a word a fascinating, strong, well-told story.\u2014The\n\nChurch Review.\r\n[237]\r\nA\r\nCape Cod Week.\r\nBY\r\nANNIE ELIOT TRUMBULL.\r\n12mo, cloth, 170 pages. $1.00.\r\n\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\r\nThe keenness, quickness, and acutene", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.8205916285514832, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.525270402431488, "generated_summary": "The first book in the series of novels by American author and illustrator John Sullivan, this is the first book to be published in the United States. It was published in 1898, and is the second edition of the series.", "reference_summary": "Annie Eliot Trumbull (1857-1949) was a sociable poet, playwright and novelist. She was once a part of the younger generation of Mark Twain's Hartford circle and whose fame had been the greatest at the turn of the century. Her works include: Matchmakers (1884), St. Valentine's Day (1892), White Birches (1893), The Green-Room Rivals (1894), A Masque of Culture (1894), A Christmas Accident (1897), A Cape Cod Week (1898), The Wheel of Progress (1898), Mistress Content Cradock (1899) and Life's Common Way (1903)."}
{"id": "literary_265", "title": "The Deluge", "text": "\u201cHania.\u201d\r\nYanko the Musician, and Other Stories, 1 vol.\r\nLillian Morris, and Other Stories, 1 vol.\r\n***The tales and sketches included in these two volumes are now\n\nTHE DELUGE.\r\nAn Historical Novel\r\nOF\r\nPOLAND, SWEDEN, AND RUSSIA.\r\nA SEQUEL TO\r\n\u201cWITH FIRE AND SWORD.\u201d\r\nBY\r\nHENRYK SIENKIEWICZ.\r\nAUTHORIZED AND UNABRIDGED TRANSLATION FROM\n\nTO HON. CHARLES A. DANA,\r\nEditor of \u201cThe Sun,\u201d\r\nNew York.\r\nSir,\u2014I beg to dedicate to you this translation of a remarkable work,\n\nSouthern Russia with Poland to win religious and material equality.\r\nThe two fundamental events of Polish history are the settlement of the\n\nkingdom which is in fact the creator and head of that Empire.\r\nPrussia in the thirteenth century extended from the Vistula eastward to\n\ntheir conversion was likely to be of a more difficult nature.\r\nAt the end of the tenth and in the beginning of the thirteenth\n\nservitude, the Prussians were roused greatly against it.\r\nChristian strove to obtain relief for his converts, but in vain. Then,\n\ncreated first Bishop of Prussia, and returned again to the field.\r\nThe great body of Prussians now considered all converts as traitors.\n\nwere killed, captured, or driven to deep forests.\r\nChristian turned to the Pope a third time, and implored him to direct\n\nagainst Prussia those Poles who were going to the Holy Land.\r\nThe Archbishop of Gnezen was instructed from Rome to make this change,\n\nLivonian Knights of the Sword,\u2014that is, the rules of the Templars.\r\nThe new knights were called Brothers of Dobjin, from the castle of\n\nLeslin near Inovratslav as a means of support.\r\nAs soon as the Brothers had settled in their castle, they attacked the\n\nand a general levy hastened to the relief of the order.\r\nA bloody and stubborn battle of two days\u2019 duration was fought with\n\npoint of view, was accepted by the Prince of Mazovia.\r\nThe Teutonic Order was founded in Palestine near the end of the twelfth\n\nJerusalem till the capture of the city by Saracens in 1187.\r\nIn a few years the new order became ", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.6903999447822571, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.5140399932861328, "generated_summary": "The first book in the series of novels by the author, \"The Last Book of the Romance of the Jews\" is a collection of essays on the history of the Jewish community. It is based on the story of the first book of the series, which was published in 1897. The first edition of the book was published by the publisher of the second edition of \"The Third Book of The Romance\" in 1898.", "reference_summary": "It came from nowhere. The only warning was the endless rumbling of a growing earthquake. Then the water came--crashing, rushing water, covering everything. Destroying everything. When it stopped, all that was left was the gentle lapping of waves against the few remaining buildings rising above the surface of the sea.\nWill the isolated survivors be able to rebuild their lives, their civilization, when nearly all they knew has been wiped out? It seems hopeless. But what lurks beneath the swirling water, waiting to emerge, is far worse. When the floodwaters finally recede, the true horror will be"}
{"id": "literary_266", "title": "A Christmas Hamper", "text": "A Very Naughty Little Person.\r\nPoor Uncle Tom.\r\nA Snow Man.\r\nNot Such Fun as it Seemed.\r\nOn The Sands.\r\nOld Clothes.\r\nThe Little Tiny Thing.\r\nQuestions.\r\nA Lesson in Manners.\r\nThe Prize Boat.\r\nThe Little Thief in the Pantry.\r\nGreat-Grandmother\u2019s Wish.\n\nI \u2019M told I\u2019m very naughty\r\nI almost \u2019spect I am;\r\nBut, somehow, when I shut the door\r\nIt\u2019s nearly sure to slam.\n\nCan you tell why my shoe-strings break\r\nAnd tie themselves in knots,\r\nAnd how it is my copy-books\r\nAre always full of blots?\n\nIt seems as if too many blots\r\nLived in one pot of ink;\r\nBut when they\u2019re wet and shiny,\r\nThey\u2019re pretty, don\u2019t you think?\n\nWhy does my hair get tangled?\r\nWhat makes me talk all day?\r\nAnd why don\u2019t toys and books just try\r\nTo put themselves away?\n\nI think that p\u2019r\u2019aps I might be good\r\nA little, by-and-by;\r\nIt\u2019s very hard, but sometimes\r\nI almost \u2019spect I\u2019ll try.\n\nBut now they say I\u2019m naughty,\r\nAnd p\u2019r\u2019aps it\u2019s nearly true;\r\nThere are so many naughty things\r\nFor little folks to do.\n\nis Lily, and this is Tom.\u201d\r\nThe old gentleman looked a little quickly at Tom.\r\n\u201cWho is he named after?\u201d he said.\r\nThe children\u2019s faces grew grave.\r\n\u201cHe is named after poor Uncle Tom,\u201d said Lily in a\n\nin the church just where we can see it from our pew.\u201d\r\n\u201cAnd we always sings about the saints of God on\n\nso fond of poor Uncle Tom, and says he was so good.\u201d\r\nThe old gentleman sat silent, staring hard at the ground.\r\n\u201cIs it long since Uncle Tom went away?\u201d he said\n\nten years, and it has seemed like a hundred.\u201d\r\nThe children looked at one another surprised.\r\n\u201cDid you ever know Uncle Tom?\u201d asked Hugh\n\ncuriously.\r\n\u201cYes, I knew him well. I was on his ship.\u201d\r\n\u201cBut you aren\u2019t drowned!\u201d cried Lily.\r\nThe old gentleman smiled.\r\n\u201cNo,\u201d he said, \u201cI wasn\u2019t drowned; I got off safe.\n\nin the park, and I was to go and see it if I ever got home.\u201d\r\n\u201cOh, I\u2019ll show you,\u201d said little Tom. \u201cIt is on a\n\nbeech tree close by here. I\u2019ll show you. There it is.\u201d\r\nHe pointed to a tree on which some initials and a date\n\nand then he gave a ", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.7303155064582825, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.5137730836868286, "generated_summary": "The story of a young girl who is a little girl and is naughty.", "reference_summary": "'A Christmas Hamper' is a volume of pictures and stories for little folks. It tells children about friendship, the family values and the winter traditions, such as winter plays, the Christmas legends and fairies.\n'A Christmas Hamper' was originally published by Thomas Nelson & Sons in 1899.\nThe 'Animedia Press' e-book edition (2012) contains the illustrations, which were carefully restored by a publisher."}
{"id": "literary_267", "title": "The Burglar's Fate and the Detectives (Pinkerton, #14)", "text": "toiled for the honest competence they so fully enjoy.\r\nNor is the town dependent alone upon the farmer and the herdsman for its\n\nthriving business and reap a handsome profit on their wares.\r\nThe old mill, weather-beaten and white with the accumulating flour dust\n\nthe various matters of business which had brought them hither.\r\nIn common with all progressive American towns, Geneva boasts of its\n\nhomes after the labors of the day.\r\nAt the little bank in Geneva the day has been an active one. Numerous\n\naffairs of the merchants and farmers round about are transacted.\r\nThe last depositor has departed, and the door has just been closed. The\n\nmen, and led to the assault which had just been successfully committed.\r\nNo time was to be lost, the alarm might be sounded in a moment, and the\n\nin the satchel and prepared to leave the place.\r\nBefore doing so, however, they dragged the helpless bodies of the young\n\nthey deliberately closed the doors and locked them in.\r\nNot a word had been spoken during this entire proceeding, and now, in\n\nrecklessly plunged, and made their way safely out of the village.\r\nHow long the two persons remained in the bank it is impossible to tell;\n\nas I hoped, lead to eventual success.[Pg 25]\r\nGiving John Manning full instructions as to his mode of proceeding, and\n\nand enter at once upon the performance of his duties.\r\nIn a very short time Manning had made his preparations, and at eight\n\ntrain that was to bear him to his new field of operation.\r\nAfter a journey of several hours, in which the detective endeavored to\n\nstation at Geneva, and Manning was upon the ground.\r\nIt was two o'clock in the morning when he arrived, consequently there\n\nthe only persons who greeted him upon his arrival.\r\nHaving never been to Geneva before, and being entirely ignorant of the\n\nhim like old bones, and in a few moments was sound asleep.\r\nHow long he might have remained in this somnolent condition if left to\n\ncut short his slumbers, and startled him from his dreams.\r\nImaginin", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.3340293765068054, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The story of a young man who is a detective in the town of Geneva. He is unable to find his way back to the small bank where he lives. His father, a farmer, is preparing for the assault which has just been successfully committed.", "reference_summary": "Allan Pinkerton, head of Pinkerton Detective Agency, narrates true story $20K stolen from bank in small western town of Geneva USA 18 August 18-. John Manning tracks four burglars from New York to Denver in atmosphere of \"dilapidated wash-stand\", \"uninviting quarters\", \"couch which rattled and creaked under him like old bones\". Illustrations online from gutenberg.org"}
{"id": "literary_268", "title": "A Bullet for Cinderella", "text": "was just four miles from the Hillston city limits.\r\nOnce I saw the room I decided that it would do. It would be a good\n\nwouldn't make any difference at all.\r\nWhen at last the rain eased up I went and found a small roadside\n\nsome drinks and think about it and wonder how I could do it.\r\nMaybe you saw pictures of us, the ones who were really bad off when the\n\nwent right into hospital and they started feeding me through a tube.\r\nIt was during the months in the military hospital back in this country\n\nthan that. I didn't tell them any of the stuff Timmy had told me.\r\nWe were both captured at the same time in that action near the\n\nalready been written about how it was. It wasn't good.\r\nThat prison camp experience can change your attitude toward life and\n\nfanatic than anybody else. He had to get back.\r\nHe told me about it one night. That was after he'd gotten pretty weak.\n\nto me. I couldn't see his face.\r\n\"Tal, I've got to get back and straighten something out. I've got to.\n\nto get it straightened out.\"\r\n\"What was it you wanted?\"\r\n\"I wanted it and I got it, but I can't use it now. I wanted her too,\n\nand had her, but she's no good to me now.\"\r\n\"I'm not following this so good, Timmy.\"\r\nHe told me the story then. He had been in business with his brother\n\nwe'd have to have money. So I started to steal.\"\r\nHe told me how he did it. A lot of the gimmicks didn't make much sense\n\nthing. I've had too much chance to think it over.\"\r\n\"How do you know she hasn't taken the money and left?\"\r\n\"I didn't tell her where I put it. It's still there. Nobody can find\n\nhis head. I listened to him rave. I listened to every word he said.\r\nBut in his raving he never gave away the hiding place. It was in a\n\ncaught my wrist with his wasted hand. \"I'm not going to make it, Tal.\"\r\n\"You'll make it.\"\r\n\"No. You go back there and straighten it out. You can do that. Tell\n\nGeorge. Give him the money. Tell him everything.\"\r\n\"Sure. Where is the money?\"\r\n\"Tell him everything.\"\r\n\"Where's the money hidden?\"\r\n\"Cindy", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.33887046575546265, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The story of a young man who steals money from his brother. He is in business with his brother and they'd have to have money. So he started to steal.", "reference_summary": "Her veneer was big city ... but one look and you knew that Toni Rassell's instincts were straight out of the river shack she came from. I watched her as she toyed with the man, laughing, her tumbled hair like raw blue-black silk, her brown shoulders bare. Eyes deep-set, a girl with a gypsy look. So this was the girl I had risked my life to find. This was the girl who was going to lead me to a buried fortune in stolen loot."}
{"id": "literary_269", "title": "A Bride of the Plains", "text": "A BRIDE OF THE PLAINS\r\n[Pg 9]\r\nCHAPTER I\r\n\"God bless them all! they are good lads.\"\r\nIt was now close on eight o'clock and more than two hours ago since\n\nmaize to quiver with delight at the warmth of his kiss.\r\nThe plain stretched its limitless expanse as far as human eye can\n\nplume-crowned crests shimmering like foam in the sunlight.\r\nAs far as human eye can see!\u2014and further, much further still!\u2014the sea\n\nyellow carcases of the pumpkins crack and shiver in the growing heat.\r\nAn ocean of tall maize and gaily-coloured pumpkins as far as the eye can\n\nriotous, flaunting their crude colouring in the glowing sunlight.\r\nHere and there the dull, dark green of hemp breaks the unvarying\n\nslow course lazily toward the parent stream.\r\nAn ocean of maize and of pumpkins and of sunflowers, with here and there\n\nred-painted roof stands out clear and abrupt against the sky.\r\nAnd now the sharp, cracked sound of the Elevation bell breaks the\n\nof Marosfalva should still be absent from the fields.\r\nHej! But stranger, what would you! Such a day is this fourteenth of\n\nblackest, most God-forsaken day in the whole year!\r\nYou did not know? You cannot guess? Then what kind of a stranger are you\n\ncare one brass fill\u00e9r, has so decreed it.\r\nMind you, it is the same in all the other villages, and in every town in\n\nto-day and taken away from us for three years.\r\nThree years! Why, the lad is a mere child when he goes\u2014one-and-twenty\n\ntime to time to keep him from drink and too much love-making.\r\nThree years! When he comes back he is a man, has notions of his own, has\n\nbare-headed and comfortably dirty from head to foot.\r\nThree years! And what are the chances that he come back at all? Bosnia?\n\nBudapest and who are therefore free to court and free to marry.\r\nAye! Aye! That's how it is. They must go through with it, though they\n\nto serve the hateful government.\r\nNo, no! It is no use trying to get out of it. They[Pg 14] measure you, and\n\nfollow some fool of a German officer on water?\r\nThey could not swea", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.8119727373123169, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.5254693627357483, "generated_summary": "The first book in the series of novels by author and illustrator David A. Reilly, which was published in 1897, is a collection of short stories about the life of the writer and his family. It is based on the novel of the same name by the same author.", "reference_summary": "The story is set in Hungary and the scene is laid in a village close to the Maros.\nOn this particular fourteenth of September it is Andor's turn to go unwillingly into the army for three years. On the eve preceding it, at the village merrymaking, as the whole population spends its last happy hours trying to forget the hideous events that will occur in the morning, he tokens himself to Elsa the village beauty.\nWhen Andor returns from Bosnia, his village has changed, but so has he."}
{"id": "literary_270", "title": "A Man of Genius", "text": "final form being, perhaps, not even yet altogether attained.\r\nThe idea that genius was a special morbid condition had indeed often\n\nexistence of a lesser degree of psychosis in other men of genius.\r\nBut, adds Joly, genius is often precocious; as Raphael at fourteen years\n\ndevelopment of one faculty at the expense of others?\r\nThe man of genius is a monster, say others. Very well, but even monsters\n\nall natural phenomena. Natura non facit saltus.\r\nI must confess here that very often in this book I have had to confound\n\nlearning, but the man who works and eats\u2014fruges consumere natus.\r\nBut our nature, it is customary to say, revolts against a conception\n\nadored by the masses who often confide to him supreme authority.\r\nIn modern times the same conviction has been preserved, but in a form,\n\nhave attempted to do here\u2014this general opinion is attached to a theory.\r\nBy some of those persons who have too much good sense\u2014and who do not\n\nin art.\r\nCHAPTER IV.\r\nPolitical and Religious Lunatics and Mattoids242-313\r\nPart played by the insane in the progressive movements of\n\nteratologic forms of the human mind, a variety of insanity.\r\nThis impious profanation is not, however, altogether the work of\n\nSocrates, Empedocles, Plato, and in many others, especially poets.\u201d[6]\r\nIn the Ph\u00e6do, Plato affirms that \u201cdelirium is by no means an evil,\n\ndeeds of heroes, serves for the instruction of future generations.\u201d\r\nDemocritus was more explicit, and would not believe that there could be\n\nwriter in Sketches of Bedlam (London, 1873).\r\nOn the other hand, it was shown in L\u00e9lut\u2019s D\u00e9mon de Socrate (1836) and\n\nfrom his predecessors, without profiting greatly by their work.\r\nAmong recent writers, I note Tarnowski and Tchukinova, who to the\n\nfrom various points of view which have escaped even recent observers.\r\nA theory, which has for some years flourished in the psychiatric world,\n\nmore rapid and fatal, is only stopped by complete idiocy or sterility.\r\nAlienists have noted certain characters which very", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.23914740979671478, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The book is a collection of essays by the author, including his most recent work, \"The Man of genius\" (1996).", "reference_summary": "Samuel Grafton-Hall is a man of genius who demands reverence from all. A renowned architect, his point of view is not universally shared by students, critics, and colleagues - but this is of little consequence to Grafton-Hall, for he revels in his misanthropy.\nImmune to the barbs of the masses, Grafton-Hall also suffers no qualms about his personal peccadilloes and perversions. An unrepentant womanizer, Grafton-Hall leaves colleagues, friends, and lovers deeply scarred from having known him.\nAnd then there is the murder. The question of guilt is of less consequence than the question of whether"}
{"id": "literary_271", "title": "Addison (The Mitchell/Healy Family #6)", "text": "CHAPTER I.\r\nTHE STATE OF ENGLISH SOCIETY AND LETTERS AFTER THE RESTORATION.\r\nOf the four English men of letters whose writings most fully embody the\n\ncan hardly have been deficient in force of character.\r\nNor would it have been possible for a writer distinguished by mere\n\nwhich wit had been led astray by profligacy, and virtue by fanaticism.\u201d\r\nThis verdict of a great critic is accepted by an age to which the grounds\n\ngeneration Cowley was accounted a greater poet than Milton.\r\nTo estimate Addison at his real value we must regard him as the chief\n\nbigotry against the irresistible tide of enlightened progress.\r\nIt would be of course entirely out of place to discuss here the merits of\n\nas incompatible with the doctrines of revealed religion.\r\nThe truth indeed seems to be the exact converse of what is alleged by the\n\npatrimony of knowledge which was left us by our forefathers.\u201d\r\nAll this is, in substance, true of our political as well as our\n\nimpression they tend to create is entirely erroneous.\r\nIf we have been hitherto saved from such corruption as undermined the\n\nextraordinary merits of the success that he achieved.\r\nThere was, to begin with, a vehement opposition between town and country.\n\nand good taste which we now attach to the name of \u201cgentleman.\u201d\r\nTwo main currents of opinion divided the country, to one of which a man\n\noff in one of the fictitious letters in the Spectator:\r\n\u201cI am now between fifty and sixty, and had the honour to be well with\n\na setting dog has as good reason as any man in England.\u201d[2]\r\nWhile opinions, which from different sides struck at the very roots of\n\nof the spectator insensibly recalled those of Charles the Second.\r\nEverything in these tragedies is unreal, strained, and affected. In order\n\nI am to rise and speak the epilogue!\u201d[3]\r\nBy way of compensation, however, the writers of the period poured forth\n\nthe Caroline comedians among the number, says of them:\r\n\u201cThey are a world of themselves almost as much as fairy-land. Take one\n\nour ances", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.755394458770752, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.5236905813217163, "generated_summary": "The first book in the series of novels by the author, a collection of short stories and essays by the writer, whose characters are based on the life of the author.", "reference_summary": "Addison is the youngest daughter of Colt and Savanna Mitchell.She's also turned out to be the most trouble during her adolescence. Now that a few years have passed since her last bout of problems, she's gotten back into the good graces of her whole family, by securing a job, and also donating her free time to community outreaches for those suffering from addictions. When Addison meets a guy and falls head over heels she knows her parents won't accept him, not when he carries last name Chase. Can he prove that he's not evil like the rest of his family, or will his blood ties keep Addison from h"}
{"id": "literary_272", "title": "The tale of Jemima puddle-duck", "text": "them go cold; you know you would!\"\r\n\"I wish to hatch my own eggs; I will hatch them all by myself,\" quacked\n\nJemima Puddle-duck.\r\nCarried Off\r\nShe tried to hide her eggs; but they were always found and carried off.\r\nJemima Puddle-duck became quite desperate. She determined to make a nest\n\nright away from the farm.\r\nSetting Off\r\nShe set off on a fine spring afternoon along the cart-road that leads over\n\nthe hill.\r\nShe was wearing a shawl and a poke bonnet.\r\nTop of A Hill\r\nWhen she reached the top of the hill, she saw a wood in the distance.\r\nShe thought that it looked a safe quiet spot.\r\nStarting to Fly\r\nJemima Puddle-duck was not much in the habit of flying. She ran downhill a\n\nfew yards flapping her shawl, and then she jumped off into the air.\r\nSoaring\r\nShe flew beautifully when she had got a good start.\r\nShe skimmed along over the tree-tops until she saw an open place in the\n\nmiddle of the wood, where the trees and brushwood had been cleared.\r\nFox-gloves\r\nJemima alighted rather heavily, and began to waddle about in search of a\n\ngentleman reading a newspaper.\r\nHe had black prick ears and sandy coloured whiskers.\r\n\"Quack?\" said Jemima Puddle-duck, with her head and her bonnet on one\n\nhe was sitting upon, as the stump was somewhat damp.\r\nJemima thought him mighty civil and handsome. She explained that she had\n\ncoat-tail pocket.\r\nJemima complained of the superfluous hen.\r\n\"Indeed! how interesting! I wish I could meet with that fowl. I would\n\nteach it to mind its own business!\"\r\nThe Shed\r\n\"But as to a nest\u2014there is no difficulty: I have a sackful of feathers in\n\nthere as long as you like,\" said the bushy long-tailed gentleman.\r\nHe led the way to a very retired, dismal-looking house amongst the\n\ntop of another, by way of a chimney.\r\nClosing the Door\r\n\"This is my summer residence; you would not find my earth\u2014my winter\n\nhouse\u2014so convenient,\" said the hospitable gentleman.\r\nThere was a tumble-down shed at the back of the house, made of old\n\nsoap-boxes. The gentleman opened", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.420003741979599, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The story of Jemima Puddle-duck is a tale of love, friendship, and the power of the hen.", "reference_summary": "Searching for a convenient nesting place, befuddled Jemima Puddle-Duck chooses a fox's den and is then rescued by barnyard collie and pups from the fox's cooking pot."}
{"id": "literary_273", "title": "Sylvia", "text": "he was asking.\r\n\u201cOh, no,\u201d she said. \u201cI am on a \u2018stand.\u2019\u201d\r\n\u201cOf course,\u201d he replied; again there was a\n\nShirley?\u201d she asked.\r\n\u201cYes,\u201d he said.\r\n\u201cAnd do you know who I am?\u201d\r\n\u201cYes, Miss Castleman.\u201d\r\n\u201cOur families are old friends, you know.\u201d\r\n\u201cYes, I know it.\u201d\r\n\u201cAnd then, tell me\u2014\u201d She paused. \u201cHonestly!\u201d\r\n\u201cWhy\u2014yes.\u201d\r\n\u201cI\u2019ve been honest and told you\u2014I\u2019m not really\n\npatronize you\u2014to do good to you\u2014\u2014\u201d\r\nShe stopped. Surely she had said enough!\r\nThere was a long silence, while he gazed at\n\n\u201cWaken, lords and ladies gay,\r\nOn the mountain dawns the day,\r\nAll the jolly chase is near\r\nWith hawk and hound and hunting-spear!\u201d\n\nexclaimed, \u201che\u2019s perfectly wonderful!\u201d\r\n\u201cWho? What do you mean?\u201d asked Harriet.\r\n\u201cFrank Shirley.\u201d\r\n\u201cWhat? You\u2019ve met him?\u201d\r\n\u201cMet him? I\u2019ve been riding with him the\n\n\u201cWho is Sylvia? What is she,\r\nThat all our swains commend her?\r\nHoly, fair and wise is she\u2014\r\nThe heavens such grace did lend her\r\nThat she might adored be!\u201d\n\napprove of me, Mr. Shirley? I\u2019m very sorry.\u201d\r\n\u201cYou must know\u2014\u201d he began.\r\nBut she went on, in a rush of defensive recklessness:\n\nand began strenuously to pluck sprays of golden-rod.\r\n\u201cTo break men\u2019s hearts?\u201d he asked.\r\nShe laughed scornfully. \u201cI had a great-aunt,\n\nchild, they like it\u2014it\u2019s what they\u2019re made for!\u2019\u201d\r\n\u201cAnd you believe such things as that?\u201d\r\nShe laughed, a superbly cynical laugh, and\n\nthis afternoon?\u201d\r\n\u201cYes,\u201d she said.\r\n\u201cThen where can I see you?\u201d\r\n\u201cYou will have to come to my home.\u201d\r\nThere was a pause. \u201cIt will be a difficult\n\nI ever saw! Nor the cleverest!\u201d\r\n\u201cDo not challenge me like that.\u201d\r\n\u201cWhy not?\u201d he laughed.\r\n\u201cYou might regret it.\u201d\r\n\u201cIt would be a good adventure\u2014I\u2019d be willing\n\nmust help me!\u201d\r\n\u201cWhat?\u201d whispered the other.\r\n\u201cI can\u2019t see him!\u201d\r\n\u201cBut why not?\u201d\r\n\u201cHe wants to lecture me, and I won\u2019t stand\n\nIt is not right!\u201d\r\n\u201cBut, Sylvia!\u201d he protested. \u201cI love you!\u201d\r\n\u201cOh, stop!\u201d she pleaded. \u201cStop!\u201d\r\n\u201cYou love me!\u201d he whispered.\r\n\u201cPlease, please stop!\u201d\r\nA gentle pressure would have held her, but\n\n\u201cOh, you ought not to have done ", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.4714429974555969, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The story of a young woman who is a swains and a man who is the lord of the jolly chase.", "reference_summary": "Librarian's Note: Alternate cover edition for ISBN 978-0822214960\nGreg and Kate have moved to Manhattan after twenty-two years of child-raising in the suburbs. Greg's career as a financial trader is winding down, while Kate's career, as a public-school English teacher, is beginning to offer her more opportunities. Greg brings home a dog he found in the park or that has found him bearing only the name \"Sylvia\" on her name tag. A street-smart mixture of Lab and Poodle, Sylvia becomes a major bone of contention between husband and wife. She offers Greg an escape from the frustrations of this job "}
{"id": "literary_274", "title": "The Bronze Eagle", "text": "THE BRONZE EAGLE\r\nA STORY OF THE HUNDRED DAYS\r\nBY BARONESS ORCZY\r\nAuthor of \"The Laughing Cavalier,\" \"The Scarlet Pimpernel,\" Etc., Etc.\n\nNEW YORKGEORGE H. DORAN COMPANY\r\nCopyright, 1915,\r\nBy Baroness Orczy\r\nCopyright, 1915,\r\nBy George H. Doran Company\r\nThis novel was published serially, under the title of \"Waterloo\"\n\n[Pg 9]\r\nTHE BRONZE EAGLE\r\nTHE LANDING AT JOUAN\r\nThe perfect calm of an early spring dawn lies over headland and\n\nupon the heart of a flower.\r\nA silent dawn.\r\nVeils of transparent greys and purples and mauves still conceal the\n\nsome giant censers swung by unseen, mighty hands.\r\nThe sky above is of a translucent green, studded with stars that blink\n\nvivid rose to find themselves so fair.\r\nAnd to the south, there where fiery sea blends and merges with fiery\n\nwings outspread\u2014an eagle flying swiftly to the shores of France.\r\nIn the bay the fisher folk, who are making ready for their day's work,\n\nbefore.\r\n\"'Tis the Emperor come back from Elba!\" says someone.\r\nThe men laugh and shrug their shoulders: that tale has been told so\n\nthe outspread wings of a bird!\r\nBut it is on the schooner that all eyes are riveted now: she skips along\n\nthis modern world has ever known.\r\nThe flag of Elba! then it is the Emperor coming back!\r\nA crowd had gathered on the headland now\u2014a crowd made up of bare-footed\n\nthey can see the Emperor\u2014standing on the deck of the L'Inconstant.\r\nHe wears a black bicorne hat, and his grey redingote: he is pacing up\n\nthe face of awakening nature.\r\nThe eagle has left the bounds of its narrow cage of Elba: it has taken\n\nresting-place upon the towers of Notre Dame.\r\n[Pg 13]One hour after noon the curtain has risen upon the first act of the most\n\nwhich recording Destiny has ever written in the book of this world.\r\nThe boats were lowered at one hour after noon, and the landing was\n\n[Pg 14]\r\nCHAPTER I\r\nTHE GLORIOUS NEWS\r\nI\r\nWhere the broad highway between Grenoble and Gap parts company from the\n\nupwards to the hamlet of Vaulx and the shrine of Notre Dame", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.6700089573860168, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.5130000114440918, "generated_summary": "The eagle is a solitary, mute bird who has been confined to the schooner for the past few years. He is unable to communicate with his companions, and is unsure of how to communicate. His only friend is the emperor, and he is not sure of how he will be able to communicate to his companion.", "reference_summary": "A romance set in France following the period of the Revolution and the expulsion of the Bourbons. Its central plot lies in the intrigues of their followers and those of Napoleon Bonaparte. -- Wikipedia"}
{"id": "literary_275", "title": "Wau-Bun: The Early Day in the Northwest", "text": "Margaret leaving her children to be cared for by their father.\r\n\u00ab xvi \u00bb\r\nElizabeth in due course legally married a Virginian\n\n[C] Literally, crazy oats. It is the French name for the Menomonees.\r\nIt was no unusual thing, at this period, to see a hundred\n\nin hand, to make \u201cthe wilderness blossom as the rose.\u201d\r\nLittle did the noble souls at this day rejoicing in the\n\nto go up to Shanty-town[15] to seek for lodgings.\"\r\n\u201cWell, sit you down and take your supper, and we will\n\nadmonished his secretary to raise his voice.\r\n\u201cWhat is that, Walter? Read that over again.\u201d\r\nIn vain we coughed and hemmed, and knocked over\n\nbackward, and disappear in the water.\r\n\u201cOh!\u201d cried I, \u201che will be drowned!\u201d\r\nThe gentlemen laughed. \u201cNo, there he is; they are\n\nthe pleasant, familiar face of our old friend. Judge Doty.[17]\r\nHe had received the news of our arrival, and had come\n\nsmoke?)\r\n\u201cNon, Monsieur.\u201d\r\n\u201cAnd the harvest\u2014how is that?\u201d\r\n\u201cVery fine, indeed.\u201d\r\n\u201cIs the mill at work?\u201d\r\n\u201cYes, plenty of water.\u201d\r\n\u201cHow is Whip?\u201d (his favorite horse).\r\n\u00ab 19 \u00bb\r\n\u201cOh! Whip is first-rate.\u201d\r\nEverything, in short, about the store, the farm, the\n\nto proceed.\r\n\u201cEh! Men\u2014adieu! hon voyage!\u201d\r\n\u201cArrachez\u2014mes gens!\u201d (Go ahead, men!)\r\nThen suddenly\u2014\u201cArr\u00e9tez\u2014arr\u00e9tez!\u201d (Stop, stop!)\r\n\u201cComment se portent Madame Rolette ct les enfans?\u201d\r\n(How are Mrs. Rolette and the children?)\n\nnew home, they exclaimed, with a look of wonder:\r\n\u201cVous n\u2019avez done pas peur des serpens?\u201d\r\n\u201cSnakes! Was it possible there were snakes at Fort\n\nwas afterwards led to adopt the seclusion of a convent.[21]\r\nCaptain Harney and his boat arrived in due time, and\n\nbe in readiness for our service on a specified day.\r\nIn the meantime, we had leisure for one more party,\n\nconvey him to Mineral Point, where he was to hold court.\r\nIt was a bright and beautiful morning when we left\n\nM. Rolette\u2019s calf?\r\nFry. I did not kill M. Rolette\u2019s calf.\r\nJustice (shaking his fist). You lie, you great rascal!\n\nof the chorus, the shout of the bourgeois is heard\u2014\r\n\u00ab 30 \u00bb\r\n\u201cWh", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.6959765553474426, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.5160806775093079, "generated_summary": "The epoch of the first book in the series, \"The Adventures of the Man Who Built the World,\" is a story of a young man who has been swept up in the world of the world. He is unable to find his way back to the land of the future, and he is unsure of what to do with his life.", "reference_summary": "Wau-bun: The Early Day in the Northwest (1873), recounts the author's experiences of life at Fort Winnebago, Wisconsin, in the early 1830s. She describes her journeys back and forth to the early settlement of Chicago and her complex cultural encounters with a diverse frontier society. The book also describes in detail the lives of Native Americans at the time and includes an eyewitness description of the Fort Dearborn Massacre. By the American, historian, writer and pioneer of the American midwest."}
{"id": "literary_276", "title": "Husks", "text": "grate.\r\n\"Have you no better shoes than those?\"\r\n\"No, ma'am.\"\r\n\"Humph! Nor dress, nor shawl?\"\r\n\"No, ma'am.\"\r\n\"Are you hungry?\"\r\nA ray shot from the swollen eyes. \"Yes,\n\nupon your hands\u2014that you are never ennuyee\u2014blasee?\"\r\n\"Speak English, and I will answer you.\"\r\n\"I want to know,\" said the persevering\n\nlady inquired for chickens.\r\n\"Yes, ma'am. Roasting size, ma'am?\"\r\n\"No. I want them for a fricassee.\"\r\n\"Ah\"\u2014with a look of shrewd intelligence.\n\n\"The dew is on the blossom,\r\nAnd the young moon on the sea;\r\nIt is the twilight hour\u2014\r\nThe hour for you and me;\r\nThe time when memory lingers\r\nAcross life's dreary track,\r\nWhen the past floats up before us,\r\nAnd the lost comes stealing back.\"\n\n\"The long, long weary day\r\nIs passed in tears away,\r\nAnd still at evening I am weeping.\r\nWhen from my window's height\r\nI look out on the night,\r\nI am still weeping,\r\nMy lone watch keeping.\n\n\"When I, his truth to prove,\r\nWould trifle with my love,\r\nHe'd say, 'For me thou wilt be weeping,\r\nWhen, at some future day,\r\nI shall be far away;\r\nThou wilt be weeping,\r\nThy lone watch keeping.'\n\n\"Alas! if land or sea\r\nHad parted him from me,\r\nI would not these sad tears be weeping;\r\nBut hope he'd come once more,\r\nAnd love me as before;\r\nAnd say, 'Cease weeping,\r\nThy lone watch keeping.'\n\n\"But he is dead and gone,\r\nWhose heart was mine alone,\r\nAnd now for him I'm sadly weeping.\r\nHis face I ne'er shall see,\r\nAnd naught is left to me\r\nBut bitter weeping,\r\nMy lone watch keeping.\"\n\nthat said his mind was fully made up.\r\nWhat had Sarah seen all this while?\r\nHeavens, over which the films of the\n\nwe practice this deception upon them.\"\r\nMr. Hunt lay quiet for some minutes.\r\n\"Perhaps you are in the right,\" he said.\n\ncook, and don't negleck your poor father.\r\n\"Your Affectionate mother, \"E. Hunt.\"\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\r\n\"P. S. Your kitchen Girl must have a\n\nSarah.\r\nLucy nodded.\r\n\"And promised to call this evening?\"\r\n\"Right again, my dear!\"\r\nShe was graver now, for she had conceived\n\nhim.\r\n\"Daughter, what ails you?\" was his exclam", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.7124699950218201, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.5152277946472168, "generated_summary": "The shrewd and calculating Countess of the Isle of Wight, who is a renowned author, has been a tireless advocate for the rights of women. She has been the subject of many controversial stories, including the infamous \"The Woman's Choice\" scandal, the rebirth of the Count of the Lakes, and the emergence of the Women's Rights Movement.", "reference_summary": "Tony Smith is a successful horror writer, and his fans love his work, but beneath the facade of success, his personal life is in shambles.\nReeling from a recent divorce and haunted by the mistakes of his past, Tony attempts to start over in a new city, but things are not as they seem. His new residence, which had seemed perfect, is hiding a secret. Something wants Tony to suffer for his misdeeds. Something has been waiting for a man as broken as Tony Smith. Something wants his pain and suffering...something with an unending hunger.\nThere is no such thing as a clean break."}
{"id": "literary_277", "title": "Flower Garden", "text": "Charlotte, white and pink, 3 feet\u2014September.\r\nBorder\u2014Wood Anemones.\r\nSouth Bed\u2014Asters, 2 feet\u2014September, October.\r\nBorder\u2014Auricula, 8 inches\u2014May.\r\n11A mass of one kind and colour is more effective than\n\n12the like. Soil and other details will be treated elsewhere.\r\nIn planning a shrubbery (see Plate II.) it is neither\n\nlower corner\u2014the intervening spaces forming paths.\r\nFor Laying Out the Beds\r\nUse a long pole with a sharp stake passed through\n\nfoliage-beds on the lawn will be helpful.\r\nFor a Twelve-foot Foliage-bed\r\nOne Ricinus in centre; three Ricini four feet from\n\none part manure to six of earth being the proportion.\r\nGood results may be obtained by the use of any or\n\nwater as before by setting the flat in a pan of water.\r\nWhen the plants have their second leaves give\n\nremoved during the summer, up to the first of September.\r\nOnly a few flowers will be obtained in the open\n\nwell to remove the flowers, as seeding injures the plant.\r\nCyclamen may be started in flats or in a cool hotbed\n\nstored in a dry, fairly warm place during the winter.\r\nHeliotropes\r\nAre more easily raised from seed than from cuttings,\n\nabout the time the first tiny tips of other bulbs appear.\r\nOne great advantage of this precocity of growth is\n\nwill hold it as firmly as though it were entirely embedded.\r\nUsually a bulb will bloom in about three months\n\nnot seem to interfere at all with the process of bloom.\r\nThe double pearl Tuberose blooms but once, and it\n\nbut it will be a soft one, incapable of the best results.\r\nFlower-pots should not be filled to the brim with\n\na brush dipped in alcohol; or use the hot-water bath.\r\nRed Spider can only be kept at bay by fresh air\n\nAppropriate for use at funerals, 129.\r\nDelightful grown on north side of house, 129.\r\nGathering seed from, 46.\r\nSowing seeds and planting, 129.\n\nDwarf variety admirably adapted for carpet bedding, 119.\r\nHow to sow, 35.\r\nIndispensable for edgings, window-boxes and vases, 101.\r\nLittle Dorrit and Swanley Blue, 102.\r\nPrincess Carolin", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.956504225730896, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.5597233176231384, "generated_summary": "A symphony of the saxophone, a musical instrument, and a collection of songs.", "reference_summary": "\"An urban African-American girl and her father buy plants, potting soil, and a window box at the supermarket, ride the bus to their apartment, and put together a colorful gift for the child's mother. Rhyming verse carries the brief story, while wonderful, warm, full-color illustrations present scenes from novel angles, and depict a loving family with a sense of intimacy, sincerity, and joy.\"--School Library Journal"}
{"id": "literary_278", "title": "In the Garden", "text": "it came\u2014clearly and definitely, but from quite a small location only.\r\n\"Limited,\" said Steiner, \"as though within a pale. As though there were\n\nbefore it's back in our ken if we let it go now.\"\r\n\"Let's lock on this one and finish the scan. Then we can do the rest of\n\nthe world to make sure we've missed nothing,\" said Stark.\r\nThere was one more test to run, one very tricky and difficult of\n\ndesigner of it were puzzled as to how to read the results.\r\nThe E. P. Locator had been designed by Glaser. But when the Locator\n\nof Little Probe had acquired the original machine so cheaply.\r\nAnd there was no denying that the Extraordinary Perception Locator (or\n\nassumed an air of importance when it ran these tests.\r\nFinally it signaled the result, the most exasperating result it ever\n\nof the shoulders in a man. They called it the \"You tell me light.\"\r\nSo among the intelligences there was at least one that might be\n\nsort of fountain or pool, and four streams coming out of it.\"\r\n\"Keep on towards the minds,\" said Stark. \"They're our target.\"\r\n\"Not a building, not two sticks or stones placed together. That looks\n\nbright light.\r\n\"Talk to them, Father Briton,\" said Stark. \"You are the linguist.\"\r\n\"Howdy,\" said the priest.\r\nHe may or may not have been understood, but the two of them smiled at\n\nyou, my good man, what is your handle, your monicker, your tag?\"\r\n\"Ha-Adamah,\" said the man.\r\n\"And your daughter, or niece?\"\r\nIt may be that the shining man frowned momentarily at this; but the\n\nwoman smiled, proving that she was human.\r\n\"The woman is named Hawwah,\" said the man. \"The sheep is named sheep,\n\nthat you use the English tongue?\"\r\n\"I have only one tongue; but it is given to us to be understood by all;\n\nby the eagle, by the squirrel, by the ass, by the English.\"\r\n\"We happen to be bloody Yankees, but we use a borrowed tongue. You\n\nthe first water ever made.\r\n\"What do you make of them?\" asked Stark.\r\n\"Human,\" said Steiner. \"It may even be that they are a little more than\n\ndoes serve a purp", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.22125370800495148, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The epoch of the discovery of the Extraordinary Perception Locator is a time-consuming and difficult test. It was designed by Glaser, and it was a very tricky and difficult of designer of it were puzzled as to how read the results. Finally it signaled the result, the most exasperating result it ever of the shoulders in a man.", "reference_summary": "In the Gardenis a testimony to the power of faith and surrender to God's will. The author recounts the story of her mother, Ellen, who, during times of suffering and loss, met her Lord \"in the garden,\" and asked, \"What would You have me do?\"\nPutting down roots with her husband, Henry, on a small farm, in western Michigan, Ellen found the where and wherefore of God's plan for her life. There, on the farm, in the house on the hill, this ordinary woman surrendered her life to the will of her God.\nThe author realizes that the secret of her mother's extraordinary life and peaceful and victorious de"}
{"id": "literary_279", "title": "African Adventure", "text": "Smuts invested it with fresh interest. So I went.\r\nThe Smuts that I found at close range on his native\n\nBotha set their hopes upon remains an elusive quantity.\r\nI got a hint of what Smuts was up against the moment\n\nsaved the day for Union and himself. How did he do it?\r\nI can demonstrate one way and with a rather personal\n\ncorner. Turning to me he said:\r\n\"Do you know Cresswell?\"\r\n\"I was introduced to him yesterday,\" I replied.\r\n\"Would you mind if I asked him to dine with us?\"\r\nWhen I assured him that I would be delighted, the\n\ngood luck for you.\"\r\n\"No,\" he replied, \"it's the man that makes the luck.\"\r\nHe had had a trying day in the House and was silent\n\nof Nations,\u2014a group of partner peoples.\"\r\n\"What of America and the future?\" I asked him.\r\n\"America is the leaven of the future,\" answered\n\nwhat was going on and rush to the rescue if necessary.\r\nIn the afternoon he would sometimes go into the\n\nsubstance in him.\r\nWhen I asked him to state his case he said:\r\n\"The republican idea is as old as South Africa. There\n\nhis heart Botha wanted to be free and independent.\"\r\n\"How about Ireland?\" I demanded.\r\nThe General smiled as he responded: \"Our position\n\nUnited States of Great Britain.\"\r\nIt is the high goal of a high career.\r\n  THE HEAVY LINE INDICATES MR. MARCOSSON'S ROUTE IN AFRICA\n\nregarded the iron horse as a menace to their isolation.\r\nThe first steam road on the continent of Africa was\n\nquite so prominently in the march of world events.\r\nIn peace, as in war, coal spells life and power. It\n\nis a Christian, fills high posts, and invades the professions.\r\nIn South Africa the reverse is true. To begin with,\n\nBritain for the reason that she was too useful.\r\nIt is now evident that a large part of the Congo atrocity\n\nGerman hand. The world is now wise to the latter procedure.\r\nThe new colour scheme of the African map may now\n\ncold, peered in at the window.\r\n\"What is it?\" I asked.\r\n\"You are in Rhodesia and I want to know who you\n\nis therefore distinct in the annals of Big Busin", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.36626026034355164, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The first book in the series of books by the author of \"The Last Word\" (1996), \"The First Word\" is a collection of short stories written by the writer of \"An American Novel\" (1999).", "reference_summary": "Young children will love lacing up their hiking boots and joining Bird, Mouse, and Rabbit as they take a walk through a North American evergreen forest to meet some truly amazing animals! From a black bear in search of a snack to a stinky skunk with a smelly spray, there's a different animal on every spread, plus many additional creatures to spot along the way!\nThis delightful picture book series is the perfect introduction to some really wild animals. Each of the Amazing Animals books features simple, easy-to-read text and bright, fun illustrations of a variety of creatures in their natural h"}
{"id": "literary_280", "title": "Unto Caesar", "text": "Caius Julius C\u00e6sar Caligula ruled over Imperial Rome.\r\nArminius Quirinius, the censor, was dead. He had died by his own hand,\n\nwomenfolk, his clients and his slaves.\r\nHe escaped to his villa at Ostia. But the Emperor[Pg 2] Caligula, having duly\n\nof guests during the intervals of supper.\r\nThe bulk of them had been sent to the markets of Delos and Phaselis, but\n\nRome for the benefit of the late censor's defrauded victims.\r\nAnd thus, on this ninth day of September, a human load panting under the\n\ntheir lives in getting humbly out of other people's way.\r\nFair and dark, ivory skin and ebony, male and female, or almost sexless\n\nthat intending purchasers might know what to expect.\r\nThere were the Phrygians with fair curly hair and delicate hands skilled\n\npolished teeth that gleamed like emeralds in the sun.\r\nAnd all around the stately temples of the Forum, with their rich\n\nbustle of the Forum, like ghosts that haunt the precincts of graves.\r\nThroughout all this the gorgeous colouring that a summer's mid-morning\n\ncommand of this tangled bundle of humanity.\r\nHe had arrived quite early in the day and his litter stood not far from\n\nof the tightly closed lips or the contour of the massive jaws.\r\nHis lictors, at some little distance from him, kept his person well\n\nthe Latin words with but the faintest semblance of foreign intonation.\r\nNow and then at a word from a likely purchaser he would with a sign\n\ngood-natured na\u00efvet\u00e9, deeming obedience the surest way to comfort.\r\nNor did the praefect perform his duty with any show of inhumanity or\n\npraefect decided to preside over the sale himself.\r\nHe had discharged such duties before and none had occasion to complain\n\nto him.... Come! shall we say two thousand sesterces?\"\r\nThe Jews were hesitating. With a rapid glance of their keen, deep-set\n\nto his will.\r\n\"One thousand we'll give,\" said one of the Jews timidly.\r\n\"Nay! an you'll not give more, kind sirs,\" quoth the auctioneer airily,\n\ndealers....\"\r\n\"One thousand,\" repeated one of the int", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.41518858075141907, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "A saga of the censor, Arminius Quirinius, and his wife, the Emperor.", "reference_summary": "HE LOVED HER AND HE LOVED ROME!Taurus Antinor loved her, that she knew. The last four days had made a woman of her: she had tasted of and witnessed every passion that rends a human heart, love, ambition, cruelty, hatred! The man whom she loved, loved her with an intensity at least equal to that which even now made her heart throb at the memory of his kiss. He loved her, longed for her, would have laid down his life for her even at the moment when he tore himself away from her arms.\nBUT TAURUS ANTINOR HAD A GREATER LOVE!Dea Flavia was like a goddess of love in Classical Rome. Beautiful, young a"}
{"id": "literary_281", "title": "Blue Lights", "text": "me as I am,\" he said; then again called to the dog.\r\nA moment later the servant, who had interviewed\n\nto take another\u2014\"\r\n\"Another?\"\r\n\"Yes. Another case. Quick.\"\r\n\"It's quite out of the question.\"\r\n\"Nonsense! This is important. Money's no\n\non your honeymoon, and didn't want to be bothered.\"\r\n[13]\"That's true. I don't.\"\r\n\"I told Mr. Stapleton that. He sent me to see\n\nearth could find his boy for him, you could.\"\r\n\"I suppose the thing is a matter of blackmail\u2014ransom\u2014\"\r\n\"Very likely. They will probably demand a\n\nhow Mr. Stapleton feels.\"\r\n\"Of course. He will sail at once, I suppose.\"\r\n\"That's the worst of it. He can't go till Saturday.\n\nsaid, slowly, then turned to her husband.\r\n\"What do you think, dear?\" he asked her.\r\n\"I think, Richard, that you had better go.\"\r\nMr. Hodgman sprang to his feet, and, coming\n\nvoice which showed plainly his nationality.\r\n\"Yes,\" she replied.\r\n\"Your husband! May I see him?\"\r\n\"He is not at home.\"\r\nThe newcomer seemed greatly disturbed.\n\nwho stood watching her narrowly.\r\n\"You know the contents of this message?\"\r\n\"Yes, Madame,\" he bowed. \"It came to us by\n\nfloor in gloomy preoccupation.\r\n\"How so?\" the detective inquired.\r\n\"I will tell you. My boy, who, as you know, is\n\nstolen, if her story is true? It is, as you say, preposterous.\"\r\n\"I do not say that the story is true, Mr. Duvall.\n\nhim?\"\r\n\"There was one such letter.\"\r\n\"When did you receive it?\"\r\n[32]\"Last fall\u2014perhaps six months ago.\"\r\n\"Have you the letter now?\"\r\n\"Yes.\"\r\n\"May I see it?\"\r\nThe banker rose, went to a heavy rosewood\n\nhim nothing that was not favorable.\r\n\"I came to ask you a few questions, Mr. Lanahan.\"\r\n\"Questions, is it? About what?\" The blue\n\neyes showed a sudden flare of suspicion.\r\n\"About yourself, and your family.\"\r\n\"Who may you be, then? Is it the tax man?\"\r\nDuvall smiled. \"Not the tax man,\" he said.\n\nthe week past. What is it you would know?\"\r\n\"Are you from Dublin?\"\r\n\"Me father was. I was born right here in\n\nwould share in it.\"\r\n\"Children, is it? I have two.\"\r\n\"Boys?\"\r\n\"On", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.29274868965148926, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The story of a young woman who is a victim of sex and crime. She is the daughter of renowned detective Richard Duvall, who has been convicted of murder and robbery. She has been sent to see earth, where she will find her boy for him, and he can't go till Saturday.", "reference_summary": "'One villain, a white room and the deadliest creature he will ever meet.'\nSwallowed by the harsh sea, Morgan Sanders finds himself trapped in a white room with no entry or exit. Upon awakening, he is greeted by the ghosts from his past. 'Blue lights' is a fantasy and supernatural short story that follows the struggle of an antagonist in a fight against his dying body and a sinister realm between life and death.\nCan he beat the odds stacked against him or will he forever be trapped?"}
{"id": "literary_282", "title": "A Daughter of the Dons", "text": "the famous ore producers of the district.\r\nIt was not until his inattentive ears caught the name of Dick Gordon\n\ntouch of the gentle Spanish accent in his voice.\r\nThe man to whom he had spoken, a grizzled, weather-beaten little fellow\n\nblue eyes on his questioner a moment before he answered:\r\n\"I ought to know him, seeing as I'm his partner.\"\r\n\"Then you can tell me where I may find him?\"\r\n\"Yes, sir, I can do that. See that streak of red there on the hill\u2014the\n\nLast Dollar.\"\r\n\"It is dangerous, you inform me?\"\r\n\"Dangerous ain't the word. It's suicide, the way I look at it. See here,\n\ntime?\"\r\nThe New Mexican showed a double row of pearly teeth in a bland smile.\r\n\"Pardon, sir. If you would explain a leetle more fully I would then\n\na flood.\"\r\n\"Your friend, then, is in peril, is it not so?\"\r\n\"You've said it. He's shooting dice with death. That's the way I size it\n\nthrough on them, it's Heaven help Dick, and good-by to this world.\"\r\n\"Then Mr. Gordon is what you call brave?\"\r\n\"He's the gamest man that ever walked into this camp. There ain't an\n\nplace, and he's your one best bet to tie to.\"\r\n\"Mr. Gordon is fortunate in his friend,\" bowed the New Mexican politely.\r\nThe little miner looked at him with shining eyes.\r\n\"Nothing like that. Me, I figure the luck's all on my side. Onct you\n\nfrom below.\r\n\"What's new, Tregarth?\" he asked of one of them, a huge Cornishman.\r\n\"The drill have brook into the Last Dollar tunnel. The watter of un do\n\nHe wouldna coom and let me stay.\"\r\nDavis thought a moment.\r\n\"I'll go down the shaft and wait at the foot of it. There'll be\n\nbring the byes back all right. Bet un we do, lads.\"\r\nThe cage shot down, and the New Mexican sat on a bench to wait its\n\nwas glued to his machinery, his hand constantly on the lever.\r\nIt must have been an hour before the bell rang sharply in the silence\n\nand waited tensely. Next moment there was a wild, exultant cheer.\r\nFor Tregarth had stepped from the cage with a limp figure in his arms,\n\nwrestle with death itself.\r\nHe san", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.29942288994789124, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The story of a young man who is a grizzled, weather-beaten little fellow blue eyes on his questioner a moment before he answers the name of Dick Gordon.", "reference_summary": "1914. Raine, born in England and raised in Arkansas, drifted to the western states and began his writing career. He has written numerous western novels. The story begins: For hours Manuel Pesquiera had been rolling up the roof of the continent in an observation-car of the Short Line. His train had wound in and out through a maze of bewildering scenery, and was at last dipping down into the basin of the famous gold camp. The alert black eyes of the young New Mexican wandered discontentedly over the raw ugliness of the camp. Towns straggled here and there untidily at haphazard, mushroom growths "}
{"id": "literary_283", "title": "John Caldigate", "text": "almost instantly. Then Daniel Caldigate had been alone.\r\nAnd he was a man who knew how to live alone,\u2014a just, hard,\n\nhad been in his manners with them.\r\nBut he had hoped, as he sat alone in his desolate house, that it would\n\nhouse, lest people should say of him that his sternness was unendurable.\r\nFolking is not a place having many attractions of its own, beyond the\n\nhowever, good of its kind, and the ploughing is mostly done by steam.\r\nSuch is and has been for some years the house at Folking in which Mr.\n\nthought of making his nephew George the heir to the property.\r\nThe property indeed was entailed upon John, as it had been entailed upon\n\nfamily;\u2014and yet they had all been so kind to him!\r\n'I should have nothing to marry on, aunt Polly,' he said.\r\nThen he was reminded that he was his father's heir, and that his\n\nBabington till Folking should be ready. The prospect was awful!\r\nWhat is a young man to say in such a position? 'I do not love the young\n\ndelivered her up into the young man's arms.\r\n'I am so much in debt,' he said, 'that I don't care to think of it.'\r\nAunt Polly declared that such debts did not signify in the least.\n\neither of Mr. Davis or of the New South Wales scheme.\r\nMr. Bolton lived in a large red-brick house, in the village of\n\npresent Squire and his son had been left to Mr. Bolton.\r\nMr. Bolton had, no doubt, received a very unfavourable account of the\n\nmind thus fixed, he entered Mr. Bolton's gates.\r\nHe was to stay one night at Puritan Grange; and then, if the matter were\n\nhe must be consigned for ever to perdition.\r\nCaldigate, conscious of the mistake which the banker was making, full of\n\nreading of the Bible, and prayer, and before ten he was in his bed-room.\r\nOn the next morning as he took his departure, Mr. Bolton said a word\n\nMr. Caldigate.'\r\n'Why should I not as well as another?' said John, cheerily.\r\n'If you are steady, sober, industrious, self-denying and honest, you\n\nin the quick repentance and improvement of a young one.\r\nHe hired a gig an", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.4816598892211914, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The book is a collection of short stories and poems by the author, including the first two books of the series.", "reference_summary": "John Caldigate (1879) possesses in abundance the virtues of Trollope's writing: an engrossing story told by a worldly-wise, kindly, fair-minded narrator, and a tale strong on what Trollope claimed as the leading feature of his novels, \"real\" characters. But John Caldigate has some striking and distinctive calls on the reader's attention: Australian gold-mining scenes, the prominence given to matters of law and a criminal trial, and the stronger than usual attack on religious fanaticism. Moreover, the main character is accused of and standing trial for bigamy on the testimony of his former mist"}
{"id": "literary_284", "title": "Black Sheep (Dark Desires, #2)", "text": "of the company! More like after the spoons, I should say!\"\r\nThe polite porter who had made the inquiry, and the satirical\n\nmuttering to himself as he went:\r\n\"Ten o'clock! I must press on, or they'll all be in bed, I suppose.\n\nyour lamps, if they don't show you people in the road?\"\r\nHe had sprung aside as he spoke, and now stood flat against and\n\nstranger, and crisp on the night air cries a sharp curt voice,\r\n\"How do, Bulger? Not late, eh? hum--ah! not late?\"\r\nTo which Bulger, pulling at invisible lock of hair on forehead:\r\n\"No, Sir Thomas! Lots company, Sir Thomas! Seasonable weather, Sir--\"\r\nBut the carriage was whirled away before Bulger could conclude, and\n\nof her power to do what I want.\"\r\nHe emerged from the shadow of the trees again, and struck into the\n\ntowards a stately house, whose long lighted fa\u00e7ade now became visible.\r\n\"And his--his who married my mother and deceived her, who gave her\n\nbroad carriage sweep by which the company were arriving.\r\nThe house was an old one, and was surrounded by a narrow fosse or\n\ncommenting on the scene of which he was a spectator.\r\nIt was an old room on which George Dallas looked--an old room with\n\na group which at once arrested George Dallas's attention.\r\nIt consisted of three persons, of whom two were gentlemen; the third\n\ncreature, I dare say; she looks like it. But where can my mother be?\"\r\nHe approached the window still more closely; he ventured to place his\n\nold building, and voices which reached him distinctly.\r\n\"Any influenza you may catch, or anything of that kind, you must\n\noutside, the temperature of that room was becoming unbearable!\"\r\n\"Think it must be caused by that old woman's red face that we noticed,\n\ndisagreeable to me to have a man perpetually at my heels!\"\r\n\"You shouldn't say that, Miss Carruthers--shouldn't, indeed. You don't\n\nplease. I begin to feel a little chilly.\"\r\nAs the speakers moved, something fell at George Dallas's feet. It was\n\nwindow, she said, in a low firm voice:\r\n\"Who are you? Speak at onc", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.3453485667705536, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The story of the sailor who was a savior of the world, and the man who was the most important to the world.", "reference_summary": "In a family of cold-hearted black sheep,\nI, Axel Rutherford, am the blackest.\nMy father has hated me since the day I was born. The feeling was mutual. In the shady underworld that was my legacy, Cleo McCarthy became my light. She was beautiful, passionate, and my whole world. So naturally my father had to destroy us. First he sent me away. Next he claimed Cleo as his own. But now I've returned, and nothing will stop me from taking back everything that is rightfully mine.\nHe was the love of my life - when my life was still my own.\nWe were young enough to believe we would last forever, Axel and "}
{"id": "literary_285", "title": "The Conquest (Peregrine, #2)", "text": "Master of human destinies am I.\r\nFame, love, and fortune on my footsteps wait.\r\nCities and fields I walk. I penetrate\r\nDeserts and seas remote, and passing by\r\nHovel, and mart, and palace\u2014soon or late\r\nI knock unbidden once at every gate.\r\nIf sleeping, wake\u2014if feasting, rise before\r\nI turn away. It is the hour of fate,\r\nAnd they who follow me reach every state\r\nMortals desire, and conquer every foe\r\nSave death; but those who doubt or hesitate,\r\nCondemned to failure, penury, and woe\r\nSeek me in vain and uselessly implore,\r\nI answer not, and I return no more.\n\nmy older sister who was teaching in a nearby town.\r\nI had grown into a strong, husky youth of eighteen\n\nsecond choice, and so on until they were all drawn.\r\nThis system was an out and out lottery, but gave\n\nof note, hadn't given me much time to seek love.\r\nI went to my old occupation of the road for awhile\n\nsaid:\r\n\"They gave you a warranty deed, did they not?\"\r\n\"Yes, I replied, it is over at the bank of Calias.\"\r\n\"Then let it stay there. Tell him, or the old man\n\nAlthough the valley could not be surpassed in the production of grain and alfalfa, the highlands on either side were\n\nme and as it was much handier, I boarded with them.\r\nThe older of the two girls was a beautiful blonde\n\nLITTLE CROW\r\nREPUTATION, THE SQUARE DEAL\r\nCALIAS BOASTER\r\nREPUTATION GRAFTING\r\nScene.\u2014Little Crow Reservation.\r\nTime.\u2014A.D. 190\u2014 Referee\u2014Washington, D.C.\r\nSeconds For Megory.\u2014Flackler, of the Megory\n\na roving spirit, wanted to come and so it was settled.\r\nWhen I got back to Dakota and jumped into my\n\nwould not have to wait a score of years to grow them.\r\nAmong the money investors in the town was old\n\nplaces near the door sold for as high as fifty dollars.\r\nUnder a ruling of the land officials, no filings were\n\ntreated in a like manner off and on for thirty years.\r\nAs stated, I did not hear from the Reverend and\n\nand over until the operator called the time was up.\r\nA letter had been sent him by special delivery the\n\nwhen you have not bee", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.7672438025474548, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.521598219871521, "generated_summary": "The first book in the series of novels by American author and journalist Roberta Sullivan, this is the first book to be published in the United States. It was published in 1897, and is the second edition of the series.", "reference_summary": "Lovely Zared Peregrine was the pride of her family, a treasure her rough-hewn brothers would strive at any cost to protect from their ancient enemies, the Howards. The Peregrines had suffered loss enough. Thus Zared's brothers trained her in the arts of war, and dressed her in boy's clothing. Beyond the castle walls, none knew that the youngest Peregrine was a girl.... Yet when the magnificent Knight Tearle Howard returned from a lengthy sojourn in France, it took him but one glance to discover that Zared was most definitely female, and beautiful. Now, as the enmity between their families rage"}
{"id": "literary_286", "title": "The Princess Pocahontas", "text": "aid\u2014as far as man may judge\u2014it would have been uprooted and destroyed.\r\nIn truth, when I look over the whole world history, I can find no other\n\nconcocted a story having no foundation.\"\r\nand from \"The New International Encyclopaedia\":\r\n\"Until Charles Deane attacked it (the story of Pocahontas's rescue\n\nyears, however, there has been a tendency to retain it.\"\r\nIt is in Smith's own writings, \"General Historie of Virginia\" and \"A\n\nceremony of adoption by which Smith was made one of the tribe.\r\nIn many places in this story I have not only followed closely Smith's\n\n260, 300 the words of Powhatan or Pocahontas as Smith relates them.\r\nThere may be readers of this story who will want to know what became of\n\nfresh scalp locks which their silent Monachan owners did not miss.\r\nBut Opechanchanough, on his way to Werowocomoco to tell The Powhatan of\n\na nut unless they could point out the bough on which it perched.\r\nOpechanchanough led the long thin line that threaded its way through the\n\nwas called. Then, suddenly before his face shot an arrow.\r\nAt a shout from their leader, the long line swung itself to the right,\n\npointing to a huge oak that forked half way up, he commanded:\r\n\"Bring him to me.\"\r\nTwo braves rushed forward to the tree, on which all eyes were now fixed.\n\nreaching the tree trunk yelled in delight and disdain.\r\nThe white figure moved rapidly now. Swinging itself out on a branch and\n\nangry astonishment:\r\n\"Pocahontas! What meaneth this trick?\"\r\nAnd the white fur bundle, rising to her feet, laughed and laughed till\n\nthus being made the sport of a child. He shook his niece, saying:\r\n\"What meaneth this, I ask? What meaneth this?\"\r\nPocahontas then ceased laughing and answered:\r\n\"I wanted to see for myself how brave thou wert. Uncle, and to know just\n\nyou halt so suddenly.\"\r\nHer explanation set most of the party laughing again.\r\n\"In truth, is she well named,\" they cried\u2014\"Pocahontas, Little Wanton.\"\r\n\"I have yet another name,\" she said to an old brave who stood nearest\n\nag", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.5293411016464233, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.5008339881896973, "generated_summary": "The first book in the series of books by American author and illustrator William Smith, this is a collection of his most popular works.", "reference_summary": "Through the white forest came Opechanchanough and his braves- treading as silently as the flakes that fell about them. From their girdles hung fresh scalp locks which their silent Monachan owners did not miss.' (Excerpt from Chapter 1)"}
{"id": "literary_287", "title": "Arbiter (Arbiter Chronicles, #1)", "text": "that I am an authority on the subject.\"\r\n\"Well, it is a great mistake,\" repeated Miss Martin firmly, as she got\n\nsaid before, no sensible woman should do it.\"\r\nLady Gore began to feel a little annoyed. It is [Pg 2]fatiguing to hear one's\n\nsurrounded Lady Gore as she lay on her couch.\r\n\"I don't think it does her much harm,\" said Lady Gore, a good deal\n\nto-day, by the way?\" she said, stopping on her way to the door.\r\n\"For a wonder she is not at home,\" Lady Gore said. \"She has gone to stay\n\nat Maidenhead, for the night.\"\r\n\"How girls do gad nowadays, to be sure!\" said Miss Martin.[Pg 3]\r\n\"I hardly think that can be said of Rachel,\" said Lady Gore.\r\n\"Whether Rachel does or not, my dear Elinor, girls do gad\u2014there is no\n\nsuppose,\" with a slightly ironical intonation. \"Goodbye!\"\r\n\"Can you find your way out?\" said Lady Gore, ringing a hand-bell.\r\n\"Oh dear, yes,\" said Miss Martin. \"Goodbye,\" and out she went.\r\nLady Gore leant back with a sigh of relief. A companion like Miss Martin\n\nof the real fabric that they were indistinguishable from it.\r\nAs far as Sir William's career, if we may give it that name, was\n\ntown, it was in a great measure her popularity that won him the seat.\r\nHe was in the House without making any special mark for two years, with\n\nmay know their views on a given situation.\r\nAt the time of which we speak political parties in England were trying\n\nshould he come into his own house and find it dull. And he never did.\r\n[Pg 14]\r\nCHAPTER II\r\nTo be a popular invalid is in itself a career: it blesses those that\n\nto produce a bad effect than none at all.\r\nMrs. Feversham, of Bruton Street, was an old [Pg 18]friend of Lady Gore's,\n\nreceived them with smiling equanimity.\r\nIt was at an \"At Home\" given by Mrs. Feversham one evening early in the\n\nher.[Pg 19]\r\n\"By George!\" said the boy, \"it is hot. Let's go and have ices.\"\r\n\"Ices? Right you are,\" the girl replied, and attempted to follow her\n\nconvoying to follow him as near as she might.\r\n\"Hallo!\" he said suddenly. \"There's", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.3305158317089081, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The book is a collection of short stories, poems, and essays. It is the first book in the series to be published by the publisher.", "reference_summary": "The Reaper always gets what he wants.\nRae Miller should know this by heart. Born with the ability to see the Grim Reaper and track his passing, and cursed by being the object of his ire, Rae has spent most of her life avoiding people around her, trying not to get close to those that will eventually die. But when the Reaper offers her a deal, a chance to be free of him, she takes it. The Reaper's deal sends her into the Twilight Realm, a land torn between the powerful, ancient Ivali, and the human men and women that have claimed a small portion of it for their own. Rae's task is to search for t"}
{"id": "literary_288", "title": "The Rector", "text": "it seemed so to the perpetual curate of St Roque's.\r\nAh me! and if he was to be perpetual curate, and none of\n\nThe creature was dangerous even to a Fellow of All-Souls.\r\n\"I may say I know very little about them,\" said the\n\nthe human term; now she had recommenced her life.\r\nBut, to tell the very truth, the Rector would very fain,\n\nhim coming here so often. What is he besides, my dear?\"\r\nThe Rector made spasmodic gestures towards the door, to\n\nsin. Well, now, let me hear: has he a family, Morley?\"\r\nAgain Mr Proctor showed a little discomposure. After a\n\ntwo daughters, has he? To be sure; now I understand it all.\"\r\nThe Rector looked helpless and puzzled. It was difficult\n\nsir, tell me, when a person's ill and dying, is it too late?\"\r\nBefore the Rector could even imagine what he could\n\ncalm her mind a little; if I can be of any use?\"\r\n\"Ah, maybe I'm hasty,\" said the dying woman, turning\n\nof having time when I've one foot in the grave already!\"\r\n\"Not so bad as that\u2014not so bad as that,\" said the\n\nyou'd say a prayer\u2014ah, Miss Lucy, it's coming on again.\"\r\nIn a moment Lucy had raised the poor creature in her\n\nwas any comfort to him, and that was poor consolation.\r\nFor one thing, it is hard upon the most magnanimous of\n\nsuch visitations. It was murder to the Fellow of All-Souls.\r\nThat night Mr Proctor wrote a long letter to his dear\n\nhand and addressed him with all her characteristic vivacity.\r\n\"Morley, what is this you mean, my dear? When did I\n\ncould not shout all his reasons and apologies into her deaf ear.\r\n\"As for the change to me,\" said the old lady, instinctively\n\n\"It goes to my heart, mother,\" he cried in her ear.\r\n\"Well, Morley, I am very sorry you find it so,\" said the\n\nis really more than I should be inclined to bear.\"\r\nOnce more the good Rector shook his head. He had not", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.3592471480369568, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The re-issue of the first edition of the book, \"The Rector\" is a new and exciting story about the life of a man who has been a curate for many years. It is based on the novel of the same name by the author of the second edition of \"The Reverend\" and the first volume of \"Another Woman's Life\".", "reference_summary": "Combine a suspenseful murder mystery with theology (the study and explanation of religious faith, practice, and experience) and you have The Rector--with an allegory of Christ's ministry!\nHere's a brief synopsis: Martha McRae is a widow living in a small Mississippi Delta town in the 1950s. She's obsessed with the sudden death of her Episcopal church's young rector. A murderer could go free if she doesn't investigate. But Martha is torn. If she pursues the suspect, her Bible study friend's awful secret could be revealed. It would be devastating, and life-changing. When the new rector arrives, "}
{"id": "literary_289", "title": "Chief Justice: A Biography of Earl Warren", "text": "Poland may not possess a Dostoieffsky and Portugal a Tolstoi.\r\nYet, as a matter of fact, there is no European country that has\n\ncaused his son and heir to be transferred.\r\nThis event made a tremendous sensation. For the first time a Sendlingen\n\nillness he would not suffer the outcast to be recalled.\r\nAfter the death of the Judge, his son came to be completely forgotten:\n\nand honourable position of Chief Justice of Bolosch.\r\nThe stormy times in which he lived served as a good test of his\n\nwere cases in arrear, and confusion and uncertainty.\r\nThe Bolosch Circuit was one of the few exceptions. The Chief Justice\n\nhairs at the temples alone showed how exceedingly he had suffered.\r\nIn the midst of the regular work of his profession--it was in May,\n\nsufficiently recovered themselves to congratulate their beloved chief.\r\nOnly one of them did so with a really happy heart, his Deputy, von\n\nposition of the trial.\r\n\"There are more arrears than I expected,\" he said with some surprise.\r\n\"But the number of crimes has unfortunately greatly increased,\"\n\ncrimes and then remained plunged in deep thought.\r\n\"The number is nearly double,\" he resumed. \"And it is not only here,\n\nMinister of Justice complained of it to me with much concern.\"\r\n\"But what else could one expect?\" cried old Werner. \"This accursed\n\nsockets and stared in a sort of fascination at the list before him.\r\n\"Great Heavens!\" cried Werner, himself much alarmed, as he seized his\n\nchief's hand. \"What is the matter with you? Do you know this girl?\"\r\nSendlingen made no reply. He closed his eyes, rested both arms on the\n\nsank down in his chair like one in a faint.\r\n\"Water! Help!\" cried Werner, making for the bell.\r\nA movement of Sendlingen's stopped him. \"It is nothing,\" he gasped with\n\nlook, that the old gentleman involuntarily started back.\r\n\"May I,\" he began timidly, \"call a doctor----\"\r\n\"No!\" Sendlingen's refusal was almost angry. Again he attempted to rise\n\nand then, my dear colleague, I shall be quite at your service agai", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.3421100676059723, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The first book in the series of novels by the author, a young woman named Sendlingen, is a story of love and loyalty. It is based on the novel of the same name by the same author, which was published in the year 1897.", "reference_summary": "Earl Warren is rightly remembered not only as one of the great chief justices of the Supreme Court, but as one of the most influential Americans of the twentieth century. Warren Court decisions such as Brown v. Board of Education, Miranda, and Baker v. Carr have given us such famous phrases as \"separate is not equal, \" \"read him his rights, \" and \"one-man-one-vote\" - and have vastly expanded civil rights and personal liberties. A generation later the Warren Court's decisions still define American freedoms. Ed Cray recounts this truly American story in the finest and most comprehensive biograph"}
{"id": "literary_290", "title": "The Scarecrow of Oz", "text": "THE\r\nSCARECROW OF OZ\r\nBY\r\nL. FRANK BAUM\r\nAUTHOR OF\r\nTHE ROAD TO OZ, DOROTHY AND THE WIZARD IN OZ, THE EMERALD\n\nother quaint people who inhabit this wonderful fairyland.\r\nIt was no easy task to obey this order and land Trot and Cap\u2019n Bill\n\npermitted to relate to you in the next Oz Book.\r\nMeantime, I am deeply grateful to my little readers for their continued\n\nthe more we know, the more we find we don\u2019t know.\u201d\r\n\u201cI can\u2019t quite make that out, Cap\u2019n Bill,\u201d answered the little girl in a\n\nto me that all we learn is jus\u2019 so much gained.\u201d\r\n\u201cI know; it looks that way at first sight,\u201d said the sailor, nodding his\n\nlong enough to git more\u2019n a few dips o\u2019 the oars of knowledge.\"\r\nTrot didn\u2019t answer. She was a very little girl, with big, solemn eyes and\n\nyears and had taught her almost everything she knew.\r\nHe was a wonderful man, this Cap\u2019n Bill. Not so very old, although his\n\nsigns, so that she was able to see and do many wonderful things.\r\nThe acacia tree was on top of a high bluff, but a path ran down the bank\n\nlow enough for them to take a row.\r\nThey had decided to visit one of the great caves which the waves had\n\nsailor, who loved to explore their awesome depths.\r\n\u201cI b\u2019lieve, Cap\u2019n,\u201d remarked Trot, at last, \u201cthat it\u2019s time for us to\n\nboat. Then he shook his head.\r\n\u201cMebbe it\u2019s time, Trot,\u201d he answered, \u201cbut I don\u2019t jes\u2019 like the looks o\u2019\n\nthings this afternoon.\u201d\r\n\u201cWhat\u2019s wrong?\u201d she asked wonderingly.\r\n\u201cCan\u2019t say as to that. Things is too quiet to suit me, that\u2019s all. No\n\nbut any sailor would know the signs is ominous.\u201d\r\n\u201cThere\u2019s nothing wrong that I can see,\u201d said Trot. \u201cIf there was a cloud\n\nCap\u2019n!\u2014the sky is as clear as can be.\u201d\r\nHe looked again and nodded.\r\n\u201cP\u2019r\u2019aps we can make the cave, all right,\u201d he agreed, not wishing to\n\nanyone, but to climb up hill or down required some care.\r\nThey reached the boat safely and while Trot was untying the rope Cap\u2019n\n\n\u00ab 19 \u00bb\r\n\u201cThat, Trot,\u201d he slowly replied, \u201clooks to me mighty like a whirlpool.\u201d\r\n\u201cWhat makes it, Cap\u2019n?\u201d\r\n\u201cA whirl in t", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.49297034740448, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The story of a young girl who is a little girl and has been a sailor for many years. She is the daughter of samuel, a famous seaman, and her father, whose name is unknown.", "reference_summary": "At last! Grizzled but good-hearted Cap'n Bill and the little wide-eyed girl Trot have found their way to Oz . . . But what a strange corner of Oz! Named Jinxland, and blocked from the rest by high mountains, it is ruled by the unpleasant King Kruel. And who do they meet first but mischievous witch Blinkie -- Who turns the honest sailor into a grasshopper! Learning of the predicament, Glinda the Good and the famous Scarecrow find their adventuring days are not at an end, in this classic tale of Oz."}
{"id": "literary_291", "title": "With the Turks in Palestine", "text": "coastal region close to the ancient Plains of Armageddon.\r\nHere I was born; my childhood was passed here in the peace and\n\nrecruits die after their first day of garrison life.\r\nTogether with twenty of my comrades, I presented myself at the\n\nalthough some of them went with us as far as Saff\u00ead.\r\nOur garrison town is not an inviting place, nor has it an\n\nanswer came with an enormous shrug of the shoulders.\r\n\"You are serving the Sultan. Hardship should be sweet!\"\r\n\"I should be more fit to serve him if I got more sleep and\n\nrest.\"\r\nHe waved a fat hand about the tent.\r\n\"Look at me! Here I am, an officer of rank and\"\u2014shooting a\n\nknowing look at me\u2014\"I have not even a nice blanket.\"\r\n\"A crime! A crime!\" I interrupted. \"To think of it, when I, a\n\nyou would allow me\u2014\" My voice trailed off suggestively.\r\n\"How could you get one?\" he asked.\r\n\"Oh, I have friends here in Saff\u00ead but I must be\n\nable to sleep in a nice place.\"\r\n\"Of course; certainly. What would you suggest?\"\r\n\"That hotel kept by the Jewish widow might do,\" I replied.\r\nMore amenities were exchanged, the upshot of which was that my\n\nin its Oriental toggery, riding into Jerusalem on an ass.\r\nThe nations of Europe laughed at this visit and its transparent\n\ntheir cheeks; and they were all strong, brave fellows.\r\nOn my way back to Zicron-Jacob, I passed through the town of\n\njingling loudly as we passed along the stone corridor.\r\nI never knew whether I had been selected for this attention\n\nhe reeled, then fell full-length in the street before my eyes.\r\nIt was a dismal departure. We were driven through the streets\n\ninstead of receiving help from my youth and enthusiasm.\r\nAt last we arrived at the prison and were locked into separate\n\nmiddle of January, 1915, I set out for Jerusalem.\r\nTo Western minds, the idea of the Holy City serving as a base\n\nthem, the natives would, run as if from high explosive bombs.\r\nAll things considered, it is wonderful that the Turkish\n\nfires turned loose upon us,\" one soldier told me.\r\nThe Turks su", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.48830288648605347, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The book is a collection of short stories, poems and essays by the author. It is based on the novel of the same name by the same author.", "reference_summary": "Large Format for easy reading. Historical work detailing experiences of early Jewish settlers in Palestine while still under Turkish rule from perspective of well known Zionist political figure"}
{"id": "literary_292", "title": "A Passion In The Desert", "text": "\u201cAfter a few minutes, during which we made acquaintance, we went to dine\r\n      at the first restauranteur\u2019s whose shop caught our eye. At dessert a\r\n      bottle of champagne completely refreshed and brightened up the memories of\r\n      this odd old soldier. He told me his story, and I saw that he was right\r\n      when he exclaimed, \u2018Well known.\u2019\u201d\n\nWhen she got home, she teased me to that extent, was so charming, and made\r\n      so many promises, that I consented to communicate to her the confidences\r\n      of the old soldier. Next day she received the following episode of an epic\r\n      which one might call \u201cThe French in Egypt.\u201d\n\nDuring the expedition in Upper Egypt under General Desaix, a Provencal\r\n      soldier fell into the hands of the Maugrabins, and was taken by these\r\n      Arabs into the deserts beyond the falls of the Nile.\n\nIn order to place a sufficient distance between themselves and the French\r\n      army, the Maugrabins made forced marches, and only halted when night was\r\n      upon them. They camped round a well overshadowed by palm trees under which\r\n      they had previously concealed a store of provisions. Not surmising that\r\n      the notion of flight would occur to their prisoner, they contented\r\n      themselves with binding his hands, and after eating a few dates, and\r\n      giving provender to their horses, went to sleep.\n\nBut when, after counting the palm trees, he cast his eyes around him, the\r\n      most horrible despair was infused into his soul. Before him stretched an\r\n      ocean without limit. The dark sand of the desert spread further than eye\r\n      could reach in every direction, and glittered like steel struck with\r\n      bright light. It might have been a sea of looking-glass, or lakes melted\r\n      together in a mirror. A fiery vapor carried up in surging waves made a\r\n      perpetual whirlwind over the quivering land. The sky was lit with an\r\n      Oriental splendor of insupportable purity, leaving naught for the\r\n      imag", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.3779314160346985, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The book is a collection of short stories, poems, and essays by the author. It is based on the novel of the same name by the same author.", "reference_summary": "Do your students enjoy a good laugh? Do they like to be scared? Or do they just like a book with a happy ending? No matter what their taste, our Creative Short Stories series has the answer.We've taken some of the world's best stories from dark, musty anthologies and brought them into the light, giving them the individual attention they deserve. Each book in the series has been designed with today's young reader in mind. As the words come to life, students will develop a lasting appreciation for great literature.\nThe humor of Mark Twain...the suspense of Edgar Allan Poe...the danger of Jack Lo"}
{"id": "literary_293", "title": "Three Plays: Gruesome Playground Injuries / Animals Out of Paper / Bengal Tiger at the Baghdad Zoo", "text": "psycho-analysis a few Hamlets still survive. Pirandello is one of them.\r\nWhat are people really like? In the business of everyday life, nothing\n\nand to be left in a naked reality that is, after all, so unreal.\r\nThese two plays indicate the present tendency of Pirandello's rapid\n\nCONTENTS\r\nPREFATORY NOTE\r\nSIX CHARACTERS IN SEARCH OF AN AUTHOR\u2014A COMEDY IN THE MAKING\r\n\"HENRY IV.\"\r\nRIGHT YOU ARE (IF YOU THINK SO!)\n\nSIX CHARACTERS IN SEARCH OF AN AUTHOR\r\n(Sei personaggi in cerca d'autore)\r\nA COMEDY IN THE MAKING\r\nBY\r\nLUIGI PIRANDELLO\r\nTRANSLATED BY EDWARD STORER\n\nwhen, by mistake, the stage hands let the curtain down.\r\nThe spectators will find the curtain raised and the stage\n\nsee (to Property Man). Let's have a little light, please!\r\nPROPERTY MAN. Yes sir, yes, at once (a light comes down on\n\nSecond act of \"Mixing it Up\" (sits down).\r\n(The actors and actresses go from the front of the stage to\n\ncurious room serving as dining-room and study.\"\r\nTHE MANAGER (to Property Man). Fix up the old red room.\r\nPROPERTY MAN (noting it down). Red set. All right!\r\nTHE PROMPTER (continuing to read from the \"book\"). \"Table\n\ndoors at the rear, and curtains.\r\nPROPERTY MAN (noting it down). Right oh!\r\nPROMPTER (reading as before). \"When the curtain rises, Leo\n\nthe puppet of yourself. Do you understand?\r\nLEADING MAN. I'm hanged if I do.\r\nTHE MANAGER. Neither do I. But let's get on with it. It's\n\nwhite, with a black silk sash at the waist.\r\nTHE SON (22) tall, severe in his attitude of contempt for\r\nTHE FATHER, supercilious and indifferent to the MOTHER.\n\nHe looks as if he had come on the stage against his will.\r\nDOOR-KEEPER (cap in hand). Excuse me, sir....\r\nTHE MANAGER (rudely). Eh? What is it?\r\nDOOR-KEEPER (timidly). These people are asking for you,\n\nmuch the better! We can be your new piece.\r\nAN ACTOR (coming forward from the others). Oh, do you hear\n\nwilling....\r\nTHE MANAGER. You are trying to be funny.\r\nTHE FATHER. No, for Heaven's sake, what are you saying? We\n\nbring you a drama, sir.\r", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.7286849617958069, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.5085253119468689, "generated_summary": "The book is a collection of short stories, poems and essays by the author. It is based on the novel of the same name by the same author.", "reference_summary": "Rajiv Joseph is one of today's most acclaimed young playwrights. The winner of numerous awards, including an NEA Award for Best Play and a Whiting Writers Award, he is an artist to watch. This volume gathers together for the first time his three major plays to date.\nIncluded herein are his latest play, Gruesome Playground Injuries, which charts the intersection of two lives using scars, wounds, and calamity as the mile markers to explore why people hurt themselves to gain another's love and the cumulative effect of such damage; Bengal Tiger at the Baghdad Zoo, a \"philosophical and existential "}
{"id": "literary_294", "title": "The Heart of Unaga", "text": "live cinders strewn upon the ground.\r\n\"Oh, yes?\" he said. \"And you guess they sleep all the time?\"\r\nThe tone of his voice was incredulous.\r\n\"Sure, boss,\" one of the Indians returned, quite unaffected by the tone.\n\nsleep and waking which is the very essence of enjoyment to his kind.\r\nInspector Allenwood picked up a live coal in his bare fingers. He\n\nJulyman, they're human folks\u2014the same as we are.\"\r\nThe flat denial of his \"boss\" was quite without effect upon Julyman.\n\nman. No him die young. Only very old. Him much wise man.\"\r\nThe white man smiled tolerantly. He shrugged.\r\n\"Guess you got a nightmare, Julyman,\" he said. \"Best turn over.\"\r\nSteve had nothing to add. He knew his scouts as he knew all other\n\nfolklore he had listened to in his time.\r\nJulyman, too, considered the subject closed. He had said all he had to\n\ngood-sized European country, and these scouts were his only assistants.\r\nThey were at headquarters now enjoying a brief respite from the endless\n\nwere the rugged coast line of the Hudson's Bay itself.\r\nHis task left Steve Allenwood without complaint. It was never his way to\n\nhis steady eyes again and he nodded.\r\n\"Sure,\" he said. \"Bimeby she come. Then I laff\u2014like hell.\"\r\nJulyman's sympathy warmed. He felt he had struck the right note. His\n\ntrail. Then he moved off in the direction of his four-roomed log house.\r\nLeft alone the Indians remained at the fireside; Oolak\u2014the\n\nset the dark blood in his veins surging to his head.\r\n\"Why sure,\" he heard him say, \"the boys did it good. They're bright\n\nwoman,\" as they affectionately called the doctor's wife.\r\n\"It was the best party we've had in a year,\" she cried enthusiastically.\n\noysters and the claret cup. My! it certainly was a swell party.\"\r\nThe wagon had drawn considerably nearer. The quick ears of the Indian\n\nAnd how he hated the sound of that voice.\r\n\"Why, say, Dora,\" he heard him exclaim in good-natured protest, as the\n\nAllenwood and I sat out but two dances. Ain't that so, Nita?\"\r\nJulyman's ears suddenly pric", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.36737027764320374, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The story of a young man who is a scout and a detective. He is the only one who can be trusted to find out the truth about his life.", "reference_summary": "The Heart of Unaga was published in the spring of 1920, and is one of the most thrilling of [the author's] books. It paints on a gigantic canvas the frozen terrors of the great white North, and the almost unbelievable sufferings, privations and powers of endurance called upon from those human beings, white or native, who are compelled to pass through a winter in its remote latitudes."}
{"id": "literary_295", "title": "Randolph Caldecott: The Man Who Could Not Stop Drawing", "text": "consideration of his later work is reserved for a future time.\r\nAlthough the text of this book is little more than a setting for the\n\nChap.PAGE\r\nI.\u2014His early Art Career1\r\nII.\u2014Drawing for \"London Society\"13\r\nIII.\u2014In London, the Harz Mountains, etc.29\r\nIV.\u2014Drawing for \"The Daily Graphic\"51\r\nV.\u2014Drawing for \"The Pictorial World\"67\r\nVI.\u2014At Farnham Royal, Bucks90\r\nVII.\u2014\"Old Christmas\"100\r\nVIII.\u2014Letters, Diagrams, etc.117\r\nIX.\u2014Royal Academy, \"Bracebridge Hall,\" etc.134\r\nX.\u2014On the Riviera148\r\nXI.\u2014\"Breton Folk,\" etc.165\r\nXII.\u2014At Mentone, etc.190\r\nXIII.\u2014Conclusion203\r\nAppendix211\n\nGentleman in love who happens to be walking before a Policeman!\r\n\"This is not a Culprit going to gaol\u2014it is only a\n\n'process.' I think I shall do them, I want coin!\"\r\nBut he had soon other work in hand as will be seen in the next chapter.\n\nenergy, ardour, and the world before him.\"\r\nIn February and March, 1872, he was still drawing for the magazines and\n\nunder E. J. Poynter, R.A., until the 29th June.\r\nAs this was the turning point in Caldecott's career, it should be\n\nproprietors of Punch, and on the 22nd June, 1872, the first appeared.\r\nIn the same month he exhibited a frame of four small sepia drawings at\n\nJuly. On the 9th he is \"engaged on chalk caricatures all day.\"[Pg 32]\r\nA letter dated 21st July, 1872, to one of his Manchester friends is\n\nworth having for the ludicrous sketch accompanying it. He writes:\u2014\r\n\"London is of course the proper place for a young man, for\n\ntravel, and on the 20th August 1872 he enters in his diary:\u2014\r\n\"To Rotterdam, Harzburg, &c., to join Mr. and Mrs. B. in the Harz\n\nA Mountain Path.\r\nA Mountain Path.\r\n[Pg 36]\r\nLife at a German watering-place, as seen on a small scale in summer in\n\nA Warrior of Sedan in a Beer Garden at Goslar, 1872.\r\nA Warrior of Sedan in a Beer Garden at Goslar, 1872.\n\nformed a shelter and resting-place.\r\nThere was no need of a romantic legend to suggest to the mind, at the\n\nand many little incidents on the road were dotted down for future use.\r\nIn t", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.8643719553947449, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.5407009124755859, "generated_summary": "The first book in the series of books by the author, Caldecott, is a collection of his drawings.", "reference_summary": "Randolph Caldecott is best known as the namesake of the award that honors picture book illustrations, and in this inventive biography, leading children's literature scholar Leonard Marcus examines the man behind the medal. In an era when the steam engine fueled an industrial revolution and train travel exploded people's experience of space and time, Caldecott was inspired by his surroundings to capture action, movement, and speed in a way that had never before been seen in children's picture books. Thoroughly researched and featuring extensive archival material and a treasure trove of previous"}
{"id": "literary_296", "title": "The Making of the New Testament: Origin, Collection, Text & Canon", "text": "CHAPTER VI\r\nTHE MATTH\u00c6AN TRADITION OF THE PRECEPTS OF JESUS\r\nAs we have seen in our study of the later\n\nwith the question of eating with Gentiles (xi. 3, 7 f.).\r\n[11] The assertion has recently been made in very high\n\n19!\r\n[12] On the reading \"Greeks\" in Acts xi. 20 see footnote 10\r\n[13] The actual outcome is seen in the reduction of the\n\nThis apostle was also regarded as author of the Gospel according to\r\nthe Hebrews, a heretical product of c. 120, current in Greek\n\nwhich Jesus the living Lord spoke to the disciples and Thomas.\"\r\n[19] The possibility should be left open that the Greek\n\nPeter was still alive, but gave no aid to the writer.\r\n[22] See below.\r\n[23] Note, also, how in Acts vi. 5 the list of\n\nthe editorial recasting of xi. 22-30.\r\n[25] See above, p. 104.\r\n[26] Note the addition of an \"eighth\" emperor in ver. 11.\r\n[27] Not 2nd John; for it is only in 1st John ii. 18 that\n\nMarcion (140) counted ten in all, and had a different order.\r\n[32] A miscount for \"fourth,\" unless we disregard xx.\n\nin English. A book for experts. 671 pp., 8vo.\r\nJ\u00fclicher, A. Engl. transl, by D. A. Ward, from 4th German ed.\n\nschool, by H. J. Holtzmann. 650 pp., large 8vo.\r\nZahn, Theo. Engl. transl. from 3rd German ed., by M. W. Jacobus.\n\nShaw, R. D. The Pauline Epistles, Introductory and Expository\r\nStudies, 2nd ed. T. & T. Clarke, 1904. 518 pp., large 8vo. Sober\n\nand cautious. For general readers.\r\nRamsay, W. M. Pauline and other Studies in Early Christian\r\nHistory. Hodder & Stoughton, 1906. 425 pp., large 8vo. The Cities\r\nof St. Paul (1907, 468 pp.) is by the same author, an eminent\n\nstandard exposition of Paul's system of thought. A book for experts.\r\nBaur, F. C. Paul the Apostle of Jesus Christ, his Life and Work,\r\nEpistles and Doctrine. Engl. transl. of Zeller's (2nd), German ed.,\n\nof Pauline study will soon be made accessible to the English reader.\r\nWrede, W. Paul. Engl. transl. by E. Lummis. P. Green, London,\n\nsuggestive. Needs the balance of more cautious criticism.\r\nWeiss, J. ", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.6652942895889282, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.5142292380332947, "generated_summary": "The book is a collection of essays by the author, and includes a number of essays on Christianity.", "reference_summary": "What motivated the early Christians to commit teaching and events and visions to papyrus? How were the stories and sayings of Jesus circulated, handed down and shaped into Gospels? Why were four Gospels included instead of one? What do we know about ancient letter writing, secretaries and \"copy shops\"? Would a first-century librarian have known how to classify a Gospel, an Acts or an Apocalypse? How were Paul's letters, sent here and there, gathered into a single collection? Are there other documents that almost made it into the New Testament but didn't? The narratives and letters of our New T"}
{"id": "literary_297", "title": "The Day of Small Things (An Elizabeth Goodweather Appalachian Mystery #5)", "text": "This day, price 2s. boards; 2s. 6d. cloth,\r\nSEVEN TALES BY SEVEN AUTHORS.\r\nEdited by F. E. Smedley, Esq., Author of \u201cFrank Fairlegh,\u201d &c.\n\nPrice 3s. cloth; or 3s. 6d. gilt edges,\r\nTHE MANUAL OF HERALDRY;\r\nBeing a concise Description of the several Terms used, and containing\n\nWith Notes of a Tour of Personal Observation and Inquiry in 1859.\r\nBy John Weir, D.D., Minister of the English Presbyterian Church,\n\nFifth Thousand, price 2s.,\r\nTHE BACKWOODS PREACHER:\r\nAN AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF PETER CARTWRIGHT.\r\nEdited by W. P. Strickland. Reprinted from the last American\n\nMOST ELEGANT CHRISTMAS PRESENT.\r\nTHE BOOK OF THE THAMES,\r\nFROM ITS RISE TO ITS FALL.\r\nBy Mr. and Mrs. S. C. Hall. With numerous Illustrations.\n\nYoung and old all brought their troubles,\r\nSmall and great, for me to hear:\r\nI have often bless\u2019d my sorrow,\r\nThat drew others\u2019 grief so near.\r\nAdelaide Procter.\n\nhow steep and long the road was, even to its foot.\u201d\r\n\u201cOh, it\u2019s a goodish step,\u201d said Phillis.\r\n\u201cBut I thought nothing of it afterwards,\u201d said\n\nbe God\u2019s will; and at length I succeeded.\u201d\r\n\u201cThat was a good job,\u201d said Phillis.\r\n\u201cAt the top of the hill, there was a steep patch\n\nmyself), the Garden of the Lord.\u201d\r\n\u201cWasn\u2019t that rather wicked?\u201d said Phillis.\r\n\u201cWhy, whose else was it, Phillis? Man had\n\nnothing to do with it.\u201d\r\n\u201cA woman had, you mean,\u201d said Phillis.\r\n\u201cNo, I don\u2019t.\u201d\r\n\u201cWhy, wasn\u2019t you a woman?\u2014leastways, a\n\nWood of the Holy Spirit.\u201d\r\n\u201cI wonder you wasn\u2019t afraid,\u201d said Phillis.\r\n\u201cNo, \u2018the voice of the Lord\u2019 seemed walking\n\n\u201c\u2018Why Lonicera wilt thou name thy child?\u2019\r\nI asked the gardener\u2019s wife, in accents mild.\r\n\u2018We have a right,\u2019 replied the sturdy dame:\r\nAnd Lonicera was the infant\u2019s name.\u201d\n\nfloor, she stood transfixed, and tragically exclaimed\u2014\r\n\u201cWhat\u2019s that I see?\u201d\r\nThe poor woman looked cowed; and I am sure\n\nfind one of them that is not involved in debt.\u201d\r\n\u201cAh, they have so many public expenses.\u201d\r\n\u201cAnd private people have so many private expenses.\n\nmount up\u2014expenses I cannot afford.\u201d\r\n\u201cI see.\u201d\r\n\u201cSo it end", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.843547523021698, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.5387289524078369, "generated_summary": "A saga of the '70s and '80s, this book is a collection of the most popular novels of the period. It is based on the novel of the same name by the author of the first volume of the series.", "reference_summary": "A night of reckoning . . .\nA dawn of danger . . .\nIn the misty folds of Appalachia, the girl they call Least grows up cursed by her mother's cruelty and blessed by her neglect. Deemed unfit to join the outside world, Least turns to the wisdom of the land, to voices she alone can hear, to legends left by native Indians, and to the arts of divination and healing. But the time comes when Least has to choose between a doting suitor and her childhood magic, between his church and her spirits. Now, as her life enters its final chapter, her world has been invaded by a violent criminal with a chilling"}
{"id": "literary_298", "title": "Root of Evil (The Foley Chronicles: Files from the 8th District - Book 2)", "text": "The chatter of the sparrows, the shouts of children in the Square and the huckster's drawling call seemed the subtones of a strangely beautiful oratorio of nature into which every sound of earth had softly melted. Even the roar of the elevated trains on Sixth Avenue and the screech of their wheels as the cars turned the corner of the filthy street in the rear were music. A secret joy filled the world. Nothing could break its spell\u2014not even the devilish incessant rattle of the machine hammers flattening the heads of the rivets on the huge steel warehouse of the American Chemical Company rising across the avenue. The music he heard was from within, and the glory of life was shining from his eyes.\n\nThe dreamer closed his eyes and smiled. A flood of tender memories stole into his heart from the sunlit fields of the South. He had gone hunting wild strawberries with Nan Primrose on the hills at home in North Carolina the day he first knew that he loved her.\n\nHow beautiful she was that day in the plain blue cotton dress which fitted her superb young figure to perfection! How well he remembered every detail of that ramble over the red hills\u2014he could hear now the whistle of a bob white sitting on the fence near the spring where they lunched, calling to his mate. As Nan nestled closer on the old stile, they saw the little brown bird slip from her nest in a clump of straw, lift her head, and softly answer.\n\nHe recalled distinctly his tremor of sympathetic excitement as her warm hand drew him to the spot. With peculiar vividness he remembered the extraordinary moisture of the palm of her hand trembling with eager interest as he counted the eggs\u2014twenty beauties. But above all memories stood out one! As he bent close above her he caught for the first time in his life the delicate perfume of her dark rich hair and felt the thrill of its mystery.\n\nAnd when she stood silent and blushing, he made the final plunge. Looking straight into her dark eyes he had said:\n\nAs she stood very st", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.4010922610759735, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.0, "generated_summary": "The story of a young man who is a snobby, sexy, and a little girl who is in love with his mother.", "reference_summary": "Detective Quin Butler is the new guy in the Homicide Division of Foley's 8th District. He isn't in town long when he and his partner, Senior Detective John Filcher, draw their first case together.\nA man is found bludgeoned to death and his motel room ransacked. Nothing at the scene suggests what the killer was after. To add to the mystery, his body is riddled with odd-shaped markings. As they work the investigation, new evidence in a cold case comes to light and makes life even more hectic for the pair.\nTrouble abounds for Quin in his personal life when he meets a beautiful woman, who happens "}
{"id": "literary_299", "title": "The Victorian Age", "text": "but prepares the way for its most hated rival.\r\n[Pg 6]The German Von Eicken found, in this tendency of all human movements to\n\nfervour of a Scottish peasant.\r\nRuskin was a Platonist, steeped in the study of Plato, and bound to him by\n\nthese abuses were rectified long before the end of the reign.\r\nThe Universities were slowly emerging from the depths to which they had\n\nimprovements[Pg 26] between 1837 and the first Jubilee were enormous.\r\nThe Civil Service, it is almost needless to say, was a sanctuary of\n\nwhiskers, who arrived late and departed early from their Offices.\r\nThe Army in 1837 consisted, in actual strength, of about 100,000 men, of\n\nConsort, a far wiser man than was recognised during his lifetime.\r\nThe Crimean War revealed in glaring colours the incompetence of the\n\nparty politics, and kept up the public interest.\r\nIn foreign politics it is not so easy to share Lecky\u2019s opinion. The opium\n\nwealth which two generations of peaceful industry had gathered, was begun.\r\nWe have to remember that the prosperity and security of the happy time[Pg 34]\n\nOvid, if we will:\r\nPrisca iuvent alios; ego me nunc denique natum\r\nGratulor; haec aetas moribus apta meis.\r\nBut let us have the decency to uncover before the great men of the last\n\nshort, and his period of production very short indeed.\r\nTennyson is now depreciated for several reasons. His technique as a writer\n\nthe Bar.\r\nTennyson knew materialism and revolution, and whither they tend.\r\nThe children born of thee are sword and fire,\n\nReel back into the beast and be no more.\r\nWe are told that he is shallow, an echo of the thoughts of educated men at\n\nleaders, which Darwin calmly ignored, and Huxley returned with interest.\r\nBut though the contradictions and perplexities of rapid transition were\n\ngeneration what it was in the time of their fathers and grandfathers.\r\n[Pg 48]I have taken Tennyson as my example of Victorian literature, because his\n\noccupies the most favourable part of the curve.\r\n[Pg 50]Of the other glories of", "source_type": "literary", "dataset": "goodreads", "topic": "Fiction", "topic_confidence": 0.5489155054092407, "emotion": "neutral", "emotion_confidence": 0.5011932253837585, "generated_summary": "The opium wealth was a Platonist, steeped in the study of Plato, and bound to him by these abuses were rectified long before the end of the reign.", "reference_summary": "A History of Fashion and Costumeexamines the development of costume and fashion over time--from the earliest cave dwellers to the present--along with the social history that gave rise to it. Introducing readers to the rich world of fashion and dress, this eight volume set vividly depicts the changing styles, processes, and trends--from the first people to wear clothes in the last Ice Age to the courtly fashions of medieval Europe to the globalization of Western style--that led to the clothing of today.\nDescribing both the practical uses of clothing and the highly impractical clothes that have "}