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question_generator_old.py
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import re
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import random
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import os
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import sys
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import nltk
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from nltk.tokenize import sent_tokenize, word_tokenize
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from nltk.corpus import stopwords
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from nltk.probability import FreqDist
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from nltk.tag import pos_tag
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from collections import defaultdict
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import torch
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from transformers import pipeline, AutoModelForQuestionAnswering, AutoTokenizer
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import numpy as np
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# Simple NLTK data setup
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def setup_nltk():
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try:
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# Try to import required NLTK components
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sent_tokenize("Test")
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word_tokenize("Test")
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pos_tag(["test"])
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stopwords.words('english')
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return True
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except LookupError:
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try:
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import nltk
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nltk.download('punkt', quiet=True)
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nltk.download('stopwords', quiet=True)
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nltk.download('averaged_perceptron_tagger', quiet=True)
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nltk.download('wordnet', quiet=True)
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nltk.download('omw-1.4', quiet=True)
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return True
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except:
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return False
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# Initialize NLTK
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if not setup_nltk():
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print("Warning: Could not initialize NLTK. Some features may not work properly.")
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# Set up NLTK data path
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def setup_nltk():
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try:
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# Set NLTK data path to a local directory
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nltk_data = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), 'nltk_data')
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os.makedirs(nltk_data, exist_ok=True)
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nltk.data.path.append(nltk_data)
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# Download required NLTK data
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print("\n=== Downloading NLTK Data ===")
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# Download punkt tokenizer
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try:
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nltk.data.find('tokenizers/punkt')
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print("✓ punkt tokenizer is already available")
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except LookupError:
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print("Downloading punkt tokenizer...")
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nltk.download('punkt', download_dir=nltk_data)
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print("✓ Downloaded punkt tokenizer")
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# Download stopwords
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try:
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nltk.data.find('corpora/stopwords')
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print("✓ Stopwords are already available")
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except LookupError:
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print("Downloading stopwords...")
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nltk.download('stopwords', download_dir=nltk_data)
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print("✓ Downloaded stopwords")
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# Download averaged_perceptron_tagger
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try:
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nltk.data.find('taggers/averaged_perceptron_tagger')
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print("✓ POS tagger is already available")
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except LookupError:
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print("Downloading POS tagger...")
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nltk.download('averaged_perceptron_tagger', download_dir=nltk_data)
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print("✓ Downloaded POS tagger")
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# Download wordnet
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try:
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nltk.data.find('corpora/wordnet')
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print("✓ WordNet is already available")
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except LookupError:
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print("Downloading WordNet...")
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nltk.download('wordnet', download_dir=nltk_data)
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print("✓ Downloaded WordNet")
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# Download omw-1.4
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try:
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nltk.data.find('corpora/omw-1.4')
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print("✓ OMW-1.4 is already available")
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except LookupError:
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print("Downloading OMW-1.4...")
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nltk.download('omw-1.4', download_dir=nltk_data)
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print("✓ Downloaded OMW-1.4")
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# Test NLTK components
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print("\n=== Testing NLTK Components ===")
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sent_tokenize("This is a test.")
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word_tokenize("This is a test.")
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pos_tag(["test", "this", "is", "a", "sentence"])
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stopwords.words('english')
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print("\n=== NLTK Setup Completed Successfully ===\n")
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return True
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except Exception as e:
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print(f"\n⚠ Error during NLTK setup: {str(e)}")
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print("\nPlease try running these commands manually in a Python shell:")
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print("import nltk")
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print("nltk.download('punkt')")
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print("nltk.download('stopwords')")
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print("nltk.download('averaged_perceptron_tagger')")
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print("nltk.download('wordnet')")
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print("nltk.download('omw-1.4')\n")
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return False
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# Initialize NLTK
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if not setup_nltk():
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print("Failed to initialize NLTK. Some features may not work properly.")
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print("Trying to continue with limited functionality...\n")
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try:
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print(f"✓ {package} is already downloaded")
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except LookupError:
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print(f"Downloading {package}...")
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try:
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nltk.download(package, download_dir=nltk_data, quiet=False)
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# Verify download
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try:
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nltk.data.find(path)
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print(f"✓ Successfully downloaded {package}")
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except LookupError:
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print(f"⚠ Warning: {package} download verification failed")
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except Exception as e:
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print(f"⚠ Error downloading {package}: {str(e)}")
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if package == 'averaged_perceptron_tagger':
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print("⚠ This is a critical package. The application may not work properly.")
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print("\n=== NLTK Data Setup Complete ===\n")
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# Initialize NLTK data
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download_nltk_data()
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# Initialize NLTK components
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try:
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# Initialize tokenizers
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sent_tokenize("Initializing...")
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word_tokenize("Initializing...")
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# Initialize POS tagger
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from nltk.tag import pos_tag
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pos_tag(["test"])
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# Initialize stopwords
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stopwords.words('english')
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print("✓ NLTK components initialized successfully")
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except Exception as e:
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print(f"⚠ Error initializing NLTK components: {str(e)}")
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class QuestionGenerator:
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def __init__(self, model_name="deepset/roberta-base-squad2", use_transformers=True):
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"""
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Initialize the question generator with improved context understanding.
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Args:
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model_name (str): Name of the pre-trained model to use
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use_transformers (bool): Whether to use transformer models for better quality
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"""
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print("Initializing question generator with enhanced context understanding...")
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self.use_transformers = use_transformers
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self.stop_words = set(stopwords.words('english'))
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self.device = 'cuda' if torch.cuda.is_available() else 'cpu'
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if use_transformers:
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try:
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print("Loading question generation model...")
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self.qg_model = pipeline("text2text-generation",
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model="valhalla/t5-base-qa-qg-hl",
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device=0 if self.device == 'cuda' else -1)
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print("Question generation model loaded successfully!")
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except Exception as e:
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print(f"Error loading transformer model: {str(e)}")
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print("Falling back to rule-based generation.")
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self.use_transformers = False
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if not self.use_transformers:
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print("Using rule-based question generation.")
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self._init_rule_based_system()
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print("Question generator initialized successfully!")
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def _init_rule_based_system(self):
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"""Initialize the rule-based question generation system."""
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self.wh_words = ['what', 'when', 'where', 'who', 'whom', 'whose', 'which', 'why', 'how']
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self.aux_verbs = ['is', 'are', 'was', 'were', 'do', 'does', 'did', 'have', 'has', 'had', 'can', 'could', 'will', 'would', 'shall', 'should', 'may', 'might', 'must']
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self.important_pos_tags = {'NN', 'NNS', 'NNP', 'NNPS', 'VBG', 'VBN', 'JJ', 'JJR', 'JJS'}
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def _extract_key_phrases(self, text):
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"""Extract key phrases from text based on POS tagging."""
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words = word_tokenize(text)
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pos_tags = nltk.pos_tag(words)
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key_phrases = []
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current_phrase = []
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for word, tag in pos_tags:
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if tag in self.important_pos_tags:
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current_phrase.append(word.lower())
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elif current_phrase:
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if len(current_phrase) > 1: # Only consider phrases with at least 2 words
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key_phrases.append(' '.join(current_phrase))
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current_phrase = []
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return list(set(key_phrases)) # Remove duplicates
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def generate_question_from_sentence(self, sentence):
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"""Generate a question from a given sentence using rule-based approach."""
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words = word_tokenize(sentence)
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pos_tags = nltk.pos_tag(words)
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# Find the main verb and subject
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for i, (word, tag) in enumerate(pos_tags):
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if tag.startswith('VB'): # Verb
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# Find the subject before the verb
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for j in range(i-1, -1, -1):
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if pos_tags[j][1].startswith('NN'): # Noun
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subject = ' '.join([w for w, _ in pos_tags[j:i]])
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# Create a wh-question
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question = f"What {pos_tags[i][0]} {subject}?"
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return question
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# Fallback: create a what question about the main noun phrase
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for i, (word, tag) in enumerate(pos_tags):
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if tag.startswith('NN'): # Noun
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return f"What is {word}?"
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# Final fallback
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return f"What is the main idea of: {sentence[:50]}...?"
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def _analyze_text_structure(self, text):
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"""Analyze text structure to identify important concepts and relationships."""
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sentences = sent_tokenize(text)
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key_phrases = self._extract_key_phrases(text)
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# Find most important terms using frequency distribution
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words = [word.lower() for word in word_tokenize(text)
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if word.isalnum() and word.lower() not in self.stop_words]
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freq_dist = FreqDist(words)
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return {
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'sentences': sentences,
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'key_phrases': key_phrases,
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'top_terms': [word for word, _ in freq_dist.most_common(10)],
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'concept_map': self._build_concept_map(sentences, key_phrases)
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}
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def _build_concept_map(self, sentences, key_phrases):
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"""Build a simple concept map showing relationships between key phrases."""
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concept_map = defaultdict(list)
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for phrase in key_phrases:
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for sentence in sentences:
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if phrase in sentence.lower():
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# Find other key phrases in the same sentence
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related = [p for p in key_phrases if p != phrase and p in sentence.lower()]
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concept_map[phrase].extend(related)
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# Remove duplicates
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return {k: list(set(v)) for k, v in concept_map.items()}
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try:
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print("Attempting to load T5 model... This may take a few minutes on first run.")
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from transformers import T5ForConditionalGeneration, T5Tokenizer
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# Use smaller, faster model for web deployment
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model_name = "t5-base"
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print(f"Loading {model_name} model...")
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self.tokenizer = T5Tokenizer.from_pretrained(model_name)
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self.model = T5ForConditionalGeneration.from_pretrained(model_name)
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# Use CPU for more reliable deployment (avoid CUDA issues)
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self.device = torch.device("cpu")
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self.model.to(self.device)
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self.model.eval() # Set to evaluation mode
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self.use_transformers = True
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print(f"T5 model loaded successfully on {self.device}")
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except ImportError as e:
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print(f"Transformers library not installed: {e}")
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print("Install with: pip install transformers torch")
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self.use_transformers = False
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except Exception as e:
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print(f"Failed to load T5 model: {e}")
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print("Falling back to rule-based generation.")
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self.use_transformers = False
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def generate_questions(self, text, num_questions=5, context_window=3):
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"""
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Generate meaningful questions from the given text with better context understanding.
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Args:
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text (str): Input text to generate questions from
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num_questions (int): Number of questions to generate
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context_window (int): Number of sentences to consider as context
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Returns:
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list: List of generated questions with their context
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"""
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if not text.strip():
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return []
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# Analyze the text structure first
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analysis = self._analyze_text_structure(text)
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sentences = analysis['sentences']
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if not sentences:
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return []
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questions = []
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# Generate questions using different strategies
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if self.use_transformers and hasattr(self, 'qg_model'):
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# Use transformer-based generation for better quality
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for i in range(0, len(sentences), context_window):
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context = ' '.join(sentences[i:i+context_window])
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try:
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# Generate questions for this context window
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generated = self.qg_model(context, max_length=128, num_return_sequences=1)
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if generated and len(generated) > 0:
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question = generated[0]['generated_text'].strip()
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if question and question[-1] != '?':
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question += '?'
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questions.append({
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'question': question,
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'context': context,
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'type': 'comprehension'
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})
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if len(questions) >= num_questions:
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break
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except Exception as e:
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print(f"Error in transformer-based generation: {str(e)}")
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continue
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# Fallback to rule-based generation if needed
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if len(questions) < num_questions:
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for i, sentence in enumerate(sentences):
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if len(sentence.split()) < 5: # Skip very short sentences
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continue
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# Generate question using rule-based approach
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question = self._generate_question_from_sentence(sentence)
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# Get context (previous and next sentences)
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start = max(0, i-1)
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end = min(len(sentences), i+2)
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context = ' '.join(sentences[start:end])
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questions.append({
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'question': question,
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'context': context,
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'type': 'factual'
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})
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if len(questions) >= num_questions:
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break
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# Ensure we have enough questions
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if len(questions) < num_questions:
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# Generate some conceptual questions based on key phrases
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for phrase in analysis['key_phrases'][:num_questions - len(questions)]:
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questions.append({
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'question': f"Explain the concept of {phrase} in detail.",
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'context': f"The concept of {phrase} is important in this context.",
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'type': 'conceptual'
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})
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return questions[:num_questions]
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| 381 |
-
def _generate_with_transformers(self, sentence, max_length):
|
| 382 |
-
"""Generate question using T5 model."""
|
| 383 |
-
if not self.use_transformers or self.model is None:
|
| 384 |
-
return self._generate_with_rules(sentence)
|
| 385 |
-
|
| 386 |
-
try:
|
| 387 |
-
# Prepare input for T5 model
|
| 388 |
-
input_text = f"generate question: {sentence[:300]}" # Limit input length
|
| 389 |
-
|
| 390 |
-
# Tokenize input with error handling
|
| 391 |
-
inputs = self.tokenizer.encode(
|
| 392 |
-
input_text,
|
| 393 |
-
return_tensors="pt",
|
| 394 |
-
max_length=256, # Reduced for faster processing
|
| 395 |
-
truncation=True,
|
| 396 |
-
padding=True
|
| 397 |
-
)
|
| 398 |
-
|
| 399 |
-
if self.device:
|
| 400 |
-
inputs = inputs.to(self.device)
|
| 401 |
-
|
| 402 |
-
# Generate question with optimized parameters
|
| 403 |
-
with torch.no_grad():
|
| 404 |
-
outputs = self.model.generate(
|
| 405 |
-
inputs,
|
| 406 |
-
max_length=min(max_length, 64), # Increased output length
|
| 407 |
-
num_beams=4, # Increased beams for better quality
|
| 408 |
-
early_stopping=True,
|
| 409 |
-
do_sample=False, # Deterministic for consistency
|
| 410 |
-
pad_token_id=self.tokenizer.eos_token_id
|
| 411 |
-
)
|
| 412 |
-
|
| 413 |
-
# Decode and clean question
|
| 414 |
-
question = self.tokenizer.decode(outputs[0], skip_special_tokens=True)
|
| 415 |
-
cleaned_question = self.clean_question(question)
|
| 416 |
-
|
| 417 |
-
# Validate the generated question
|
| 418 |
-
if len(cleaned_question) < 10 or not cleaned_question.endswith('?'):
|
| 419 |
-
print("Generated question quality low, using rule-based fallback")
|
| 420 |
-
return self._generate_with_rules(sentence)
|
| 421 |
-
|
| 422 |
-
return cleaned_question
|
| 423 |
-
|
| 424 |
-
except Exception as e:
|
| 425 |
-
print(f"Transformer generation failed: {e}")
|
| 426 |
-
print("Falling back to rule-based generation")
|
| 427 |
-
return self._generate_with_rules(sentence)
|
| 428 |
-
|
| 429 |
-
def _generate_with_rules(self, sentence):
|
| 430 |
-
"""Generate question using rule-based approach."""
|
| 431 |
-
sentence = sentence.strip()
|
| 432 |
-
words = sentence.split()
|
| 433 |
-
|
| 434 |
-
# Enhanced question templates based on sentence patterns
|
| 435 |
-
question_templates = [
|
| 436 |
-
# What questions - most common
|
| 437 |
-
(lambda s: any(word in s.lower() for word in ['is', 'are', 'means', 'refers', 'definition', 'concept']),
|
| 438 |
-
lambda s: f"What {self._extract_predicate(s)}?"),
|
| 439 |
-
|
| 440 |
-
# Define/Explain questions
|
| 441 |
-
(lambda s: any(word in s.lower() for word in ['definition', 'meaning', 'concept', 'term']),
|
| 442 |
-
lambda s: f"Define {self._extract_main_subject(s)}."),
|
| 443 |
-
|
| 444 |
-
# How questions
|
| 445 |
-
(lambda s: any(word in s.lower() for word in ['process', 'method', 'way', 'procedure', 'algorithm']),
|
| 446 |
-
lambda s: f"How {self._extract_predicate(s)}?"),
|
| 447 |
-
|
| 448 |
-
# Why questions
|
| 449 |
-
(lambda s: any(word in s.lower() for word in ['because', 'reason', 'cause', 'purpose', 'important']),
|
| 450 |
-
lambda s: f"Why {self._extract_predicate(s)}?"),
|
| 451 |
-
|
| 452 |
-
# When questions
|
| 453 |
-
(lambda s: any(word in s.lower() for word in ['year', 'century', 'time', 'date', 'period', 'era']),
|
| 454 |
-
lambda s: f"When {self._extract_predicate(s)}?"),
|
| 455 |
-
|
| 456 |
-
# Where questions
|
| 457 |
-
(lambda s: any(word in s.lower() for word in ['place', 'location', 'country', 'city', 'region']),
|
| 458 |
-
lambda s: f"Where {self._extract_predicate(s)}?"),
|
| 459 |
-
|
| 460 |
-
# Who questions
|
| 461 |
-
(lambda s: any(word in s.lower() for word in ['person', 'people', 'scientist', 'author', 'researcher']),
|
| 462 |
-
lambda s: f"Who {self._extract_predicate(s)}?"),
|
| 463 |
-
|
| 464 |
-
# How questions
|
| 465 |
-
(lambda s: any(word in s.lower() for word in ['method', 'process', 'way', 'how']),
|
| 466 |
-
lambda s: f"How {self._extract_predicate(s)}?"),
|
| 467 |
-
|
| 468 |
-
# Why questions
|
| 469 |
-
(lambda s: any(word in s.lower() for word in ['reason', 'because', 'cause', 'why']),
|
| 470 |
-
lambda s: f"Why {self._extract_predicate(s)}?"),
|
| 471 |
-
|
| 472 |
-
# Default question
|
| 473 |
-
(lambda s: True,
|
| 474 |
-
lambda s: f"What can you tell me about {self._extract_main_subject(s)}?")
|
| 475 |
-
]
|
| 476 |
-
|
| 477 |
-
# Apply first matching template
|
| 478 |
-
for condition, template in question_templates:
|
| 479 |
-
if condition(sentence):
|
| 480 |
-
try:
|
| 481 |
-
question = template(sentence)
|
| 482 |
-
return self.clean_question(question)
|
| 483 |
-
except:
|
| 484 |
-
continue
|
| 485 |
-
|
| 486 |
-
# Fallback
|
| 487 |
-
return f"What is the main point about {words[0] if words else 'this topic'}?"
|
| 488 |
-
|
| 489 |
-
def _extract_main_subject(self, sentence):
|
| 490 |
-
"""Extract the main subject from a sentence."""
|
| 491 |
-
words = sentence.split()
|
| 492 |
-
# Look for capitalized words (likely proper nouns)
|
| 493 |
-
subjects = [word.strip('.,!?;:') for word in words if word[0].isupper() and len(word) > 2]
|
| 494 |
-
if subjects:
|
| 495 |
-
return subjects[0]
|
| 496 |
-
# Fallback to first few words
|
| 497 |
-
return ' '.join(words[:3]) if len(words) >= 3 else sentence
|
| 498 |
-
|
| 499 |
-
def _extract_predicate(self, sentence):
|
| 500 |
-
"""Extract predicate for question formation."""
|
| 501 |
-
sentence = sentence.lower()
|
| 502 |
-
# Remove common sentence starters
|
| 503 |
-
sentence = re.sub(r'^(the|this|that|these|those|a|an)\s+', '', sentence)
|
| 504 |
-
|
| 505 |
-
# Find verb patterns
|
| 506 |
-
if ' is ' in sentence:
|
| 507 |
-
parts = sentence.split(' is ', 1)
|
| 508 |
-
if len(parts) > 1:
|
| 509 |
-
return f"is {parts[1].strip('.,!?;:')}"
|
| 510 |
-
|
| 511 |
-
if ' are ' in sentence:
|
| 512 |
-
parts = sentence.split(' are ', 1)
|
| 513 |
-
if len(parts) > 1:
|
| 514 |
-
return f"are {parts[1].strip('.,!?;:')}"
|
| 515 |
-
|
| 516 |
-
# Default fallback
|
| 517 |
-
words = sentence.split()
|
| 518 |
-
if len(words) > 3:
|
| 519 |
-
return ' '.join(words[1:]).strip('.,!?;:')
|
| 520 |
-
return sentence.strip('.,!?;:')
|
| 521 |
-
|
| 522 |
-
def clean_question(self, question):
|
| 523 |
-
"""
|
| 524 |
-
Clean and format the generated question.
|
| 525 |
-
|
| 526 |
-
Args:
|
| 527 |
-
question (str): Raw generated question
|
| 528 |
-
|
| 529 |
-
Returns:
|
| 530 |
-
str: Cleaned question
|
| 531 |
-
"""
|
| 532 |
-
# Remove extra spaces
|
| 533 |
-
question = re.sub(r'\s+', ' ', question.strip())
|
| 534 |
-
|
| 535 |
-
# Ensure question ends with question mark
|
| 536 |
-
if not question.endswith('?'):
|
| 537 |
-
question += '?'
|
| 538 |
-
|
| 539 |
-
# Capitalize first letter
|
| 540 |
-
if question:
|
| 541 |
-
question = question[0].upper() + question[1:]
|
| 542 |
-
|
| 543 |
-
return question
|
| 544 |
-
|
| 545 |
-
def generate_multiple_questions(self, sentences, max_questions=5):
|
| 546 |
-
"""
|
| 547 |
-
Generate multiple questions from a list of sentences.
|
| 548 |
-
|
| 549 |
-
Args:
|
| 550 |
-
sentences (list): List of sentences to generate questions from
|
| 551 |
-
max_questions (int): Maximum number of questions to generate
|
| 552 |
-
|
| 553 |
-
Returns:
|
| 554 |
-
list: List of generated questions with their source sentences
|
| 555 |
-
"""
|
| 556 |
-
questions = []
|
| 557 |
-
|
| 558 |
-
for i, (score, sentence) in enumerate(sentences[:max_questions]):
|
| 559 |
-
try:
|
| 560 |
-
question = self.generate_question_from_sentence(sentence)
|
| 561 |
-
|
| 562 |
-
# Filter out low-quality questions
|
| 563 |
-
if self.is_valid_question(question):
|
| 564 |
-
questions.append({
|
| 565 |
-
'question': question,
|
| 566 |
-
'context': sentence,
|
| 567 |
-
'score': score,
|
| 568 |
-
'question_id': i + 1
|
| 569 |
-
})
|
| 570 |
-
except Exception as e:
|
| 571 |
-
print(f"Error generating question from sentence: {sentence[:50]}... Error: {e}")
|
| 572 |
-
continue
|
| 573 |
-
|
| 574 |
-
return questions
|
| 575 |
-
|
| 576 |
-
def is_valid_question(self, question):
|
| 577 |
-
"""
|
| 578 |
-
Check if a generated question is valid.
|
| 579 |
-
|
| 580 |
-
Args:
|
| 581 |
-
question (str): Generated question
|
| 582 |
-
|
| 583 |
-
Returns:
|
| 584 |
-
bool: True if question is valid
|
| 585 |
-
"""
|
| 586 |
-
# Basic validation criteria
|
| 587 |
-
if len(question) < 10: # Too short
|
| 588 |
-
return False
|
| 589 |
-
|
| 590 |
-
if len(question) > 200: # Too long
|
| 591 |
-
return False
|
| 592 |
-
|
| 593 |
-
# Must contain question words or end with question mark
|
| 594 |
-
question_words = ['what', 'who', 'when', 'where', 'why', 'how', 'which', 'is', 'are', 'do', 'does', 'did', 'can', 'could', 'would', 'should']
|
| 595 |
-
question_lower = question.lower()
|
| 596 |
-
|
| 597 |
-
has_question_word = any(word in question_lower for word in question_words)
|
| 598 |
-
ends_with_question_mark = question.endswith('?')
|
| 599 |
-
|
| 600 |
-
return has_question_word or ends_with_question_mark
|
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