data/rag_knowledge/builtin_regions.json

{
    "Retrosplenial Area (RSP)": "The retrosplenial cortex is involved in spatial memory, navigation, and contextual memory. It integrates information from the hippocampus and visual cortex to form spatial representations.",
    "Anterior Cingulate Area (ACA)": "The anterior cingulate cortex plays roles in attention, error monitoring, conflict detection, emotional regulation, and decision-making. It connects limbic and prefrontal regions.",
    "Prelimbic Area (PL)": "The prelimbic cortex is part of the medial prefrontal cortex, involved in working memory, goal-directed behavior, fear expression, and emotional regulation.",
    "Infralimbic Area (ILA)": "The infralimbic cortex is involved in fear extinction, autonomic regulation, and emotional processing. It has reciprocal connections with the amygdala.",
    "Orbital Area (ORB)": "The orbitofrontal cortex is critical for reward-based decision making, value encoding, and behavioral flexibility. It integrates sensory and emotional information.",
    "Primary Somatosensory Area (SSp)": "The primary somatosensory cortex processes tactile information from the body including touch, pressure, temperature, and pain.",
    "Supplemental Somatosensory Area (SSs)": "The supplemental somatosensory area processes higher-order tactile information and is involved in texture discrimination and object recognition by touch.",
    "Primary Motor Area (MOp)": "The primary motor cortex directly controls voluntary movements by sending signals to muscles via the corticospinal tract.",
    "Secondary Motor Area (MOs)": "The secondary motor area (premotor cortex) is involved in movement planning, preparation, and the selection of appropriate motor programs.",
    "Primary Visual Area (VISp)": "The primary visual cortex (V1) processes basic visual features including orientation, spatial frequency, and color.",
    "Anterolateral Visual Area (VISal)": "The anterolateral visual area processes complex visual features and is part of the ventral visual stream involved in object recognition.",
    "Anteromedial Visual Area (VISam)": "The anteromedial visual area is part of the dorsal visual stream, involved in spatial processing and visuospatial attention.",
    "Posterior Parietal Association Area (PTLp)": "The posterior parietal cortex integrates sensory information for spatial awareness, attention, and sensorimotor transformations for reaching and grasping.",
    "Primary Auditory Area (AUDp)": "The primary auditory cortex processes basic acoustic features including frequency, intensity, and temporal patterns of sound.",
    "Dorsal Auditory Area (AUDd)": "The dorsal auditory area is part of the auditory 'where' pathway, processing spatial aspects of sound localization.",
    "Ventral Auditory Area (AUDv)": "The ventral auditory area is part of the auditory 'what' pathway, processing sound identity and complex spectral features.",
    "Temporal Association Area (TEa)": "The temporal association area integrates auditory and visual information for multisensory processing and is involved in social cognition.",
    "Perirhinal Area (PERI)": "The perirhinal cortex is critical for object recognition memory and serves as a gateway between neocortical areas and the hippocampus.",
    "Ectorhinal Area (ECT)": "The ectorhinal cortex is involved in the processing of contextual information and forms part of the parahippocampal region.",
    "Hippocampal Formation (HPF)": "The hippocampal formation is essential for episodic memory formation, spatial navigation, and memory consolidation. It includes the hippocampus proper, dentate gyrus, and subiculum.",
    "Entorhinal Area (ENT)": "The entorhinal cortex is the main interface between the hippocampus and neocortex. It contains grid cells for spatial navigation and is critical for memory encoding.",
    "Thalamus (TH)": "The thalamus is a major relay station for sensory and motor information. It routes signals between subcortical areas and the cortex and plays roles in consciousness, sleep, and alertness.",
    "Hypothalamus (HY)": "The hypothalamus regulates homeostatic functions including body temperature, hunger, thirst, circadian rhythms, and the autonomic nervous system. It controls the pituitary gland.",
    "Cerebellum (CB)": "The cerebellum coordinates voluntary movements, balance, and motor learning. It also contributes to cognitive functions including attention and language."
}