knowledge_base.py

# ==========================================
# STATIC KNOWLEDGE BASE
# Curated factual statements used as a
# guaranteed evidence source for basic claims.
# Queried via embedding similarity before
# live fetches (RSS, GDELT, etc.)
# ==========================================

KNOWLEDGE_BASE = [
    # ── Astronomy & Space ──────────────────────────────────────────────────
    {"text": "The Earth revolves around the Sun, completing one orbit approximately every 365.25 days.", "source": "KnowledgeBase"},
    {"text": "The Sun is the star at the center of our Solar System, and all planets including Earth orbit around it.", "source": "KnowledgeBase"},
    {"text": "The Moon orbits the Earth, not the Sun directly.", "source": "KnowledgeBase"},
    {"text": "The Solar System consists of the Sun and eight planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.", "source": "KnowledgeBase"},
    {"text": "Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun and is known as the Red Planet.", "source": "KnowledgeBase"},
    {"text": "Jupiter is the largest planet in the Solar System.", "source": "KnowledgeBase"},
    {"text": "The speed of light in a vacuum is approximately 299,792,458 metres per second (about 3×10⁸ m/s).", "source": "KnowledgeBase"},
    {"text": "Light from the Sun takes approximately 8 minutes to reach Earth.", "source": "KnowledgeBase"},
    {"text": "A black hole is a region of spacetime where gravity is so strong that nothing, not even light, can escape.", "source": "KnowledgeBase"},
    {"text": "The universe is estimated to be approximately 13.8 billion years old.", "source": "KnowledgeBase"},

    # ── Physics ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    {"text": "Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius (212°F) at standard atmospheric pressure (sea level).", "source": "KnowledgeBase"},
    {"text": "Water freezes at 0 degrees Celsius (32°F) at standard atmospheric pressure.", "source": "KnowledgeBase"},
    {"text": "Absolute zero is −273.15°C (0 Kelvin), the lowest possible temperature.", "source": "KnowledgeBase"},
    {"text": "Gravity on Earth causes objects to accelerate downward at approximately 9.8 m/s².", "source": "KnowledgeBase"},
    {"text": "Einstein's theory of special relativity establishes that E=mc², where energy equals mass times the speed of light squared.", "source": "KnowledgeBase"},
    {"text": "Sound travels faster in water than in air.", "source": "KnowledgeBase"},
    {"text": "Electricity travels at close to the speed of light through a conductor.", "source": "KnowledgeBase"},
    {"text": "Newton's first law of motion states that an object at rest stays at rest unless acted upon by an external force.", "source": "KnowledgeBase"},

    # ── Chemistry & Biology ────────────────────────────────────────────────
    {"text": "The chemical formula for water is H₂O, consisting of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.", "source": "KnowledgeBase"},
    {"text": "DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) carries the genetic information in all living organisms.", "source": "KnowledgeBase"},
    {"text": "Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert sunlight into food, producing oxygen as a byproduct.", "source": "KnowledgeBase"},
    {"text": "Humans have 46 chromosomes arranged in 23 pairs.", "source": "KnowledgeBase"},
    {"text": "Oxygen is essential for human respiration; humans cannot survive without it for more than a few minutes.", "source": "KnowledgeBase"},
    {"text": "Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is a greenhouse gas that contributes to global warming when present in excessive amounts.", "source": "KnowledgeBase"},
    {"text": "The periodic table organizes all known chemical elements by their atomic number.", "source": "KnowledgeBase"},
    {"text": "Gold's chemical symbol is Au and its atomic number is 79.", "source": "KnowledgeBase"},
    {"text": "Penicillin, discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1928, was the world's first antibiotic.", "source": "KnowledgeBase"},

    # ── Mathematics ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    {"text": "Pi (π) is approximately 3.14159 and represents the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter.", "source": "KnowledgeBase"},
    {"text": "The Pythagorean theorem states that in a right-angled triangle, a² + b² = c², where c is the hypotenuse.", "source": "KnowledgeBase"},
    {"text": "A prime number is a natural number greater than 1 that has no positive divisors other than 1 and itself.", "source": "KnowledgeBase"},
    {"text": "Zero (0) is an even number.", "source": "KnowledgeBase"},
    {"text": "The square root of 144 is 12.", "source": "KnowledgeBase"},

    # ── World Geography ────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    {"text": "The capital of France is Paris.", "source": "KnowledgeBase"},
    {"text": "The capital of the United States of America is Washington, D.C.", "source": "KnowledgeBase"},
    {"text": "The capital of India is New Delhi.", "source": "KnowledgeBase"},
    {"text": "The capital of China is Beijing.", "source": "KnowledgeBase"},
    {"text": "The capital of Japan is Tokyo.", "source": "KnowledgeBase"},
    {"text": "The capital of the United Kingdom is London.", "source": "KnowledgeBase"},
    {"text": "The capital of Russia is Moscow.", "source": "KnowledgeBase"},
    {"text": "The capital of Australia is Canberra, not Sydney.", "source": "KnowledgeBase"},
    {"text": "The Nile is the longest river in the world, flowing through northeastern Africa.", "source": "KnowledgeBase"},
    {"text": "Mount Everest is the highest mountain on Earth, located in the Himalayas on the Nepal-Tibet border.", "source": "KnowledgeBase"},
    {"text": "The Amazon River is the largest river by water volume in the world, located in South America.", "source": "KnowledgeBase"},
    {"text": "The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest ocean on Earth.", "source": "KnowledgeBase"},
    {"text": "Australia is both a country and a continent.", "source": "KnowledgeBase"},
    {"text": "Africa is the second-largest continent in the world by both area and population.", "source": "KnowledgeBase"},

    # ── History ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    {"text": "World War II lasted from 1939 to 1945 and was the deadliest conflict in human history.", "source": "KnowledgeBase"},
    {"text": "World War I started in 1914 and ended in 1918.", "source": "KnowledgeBase"},
    {"text": "The United States declared independence on July 4, 1776.", "source": "KnowledgeBase"},
    {"text": "Neil Armstrong was the first human to walk on the Moon on July 20, 1969, during the Apollo 11 mission.", "source": "KnowledgeBase"},
    {"text": "The moon landing in 1969 was real; NASA's Apollo 11 mission successfully landed astronauts on the Moon.", "source": "KnowledgeBase"},
    {"text": "The Berlin Wall fell in 1989, leading to the reunification of Germany.", "source": "KnowledgeBase"},
    {"text": "The French Revolution began in 1789 and fundamentally changed the political landscape of France and Europe.", "source": "KnowledgeBase"},
    {"text": "India gained independence from British rule on August 15, 1947.", "source": "KnowledgeBase"},
    {"text": "Christopher Columbus reached the Americas in 1492.", "source": "KnowledgeBase"},
    {"text": "The Wright Brothers, Orville and Wilbur Wright, made the first successful powered airplane flight in 1903.", "source": "KnowledgeBase"},

    # ── Technology ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    {"text": "The World Wide Web was invented by Tim Berners-Lee in 1989.", "source": "KnowledgeBase"},
    {"text": "Artificial Intelligence (AI) as a field was founded in the 1950s; the term was coined at the Dartmouth Conference in 1956.", "source": "KnowledgeBase"},
    {"text": "Artificial intelligence was not invented in 2020; it has been a field of research since the 1950s.", "source": "KnowledgeBase"},
    {"text": "The first iPhone was released by Apple in 2007.", "source": "KnowledgeBase"},
    {"text": "Python is a high-level programming language first released in 1991, created by Guido van Rossum.", "source": "KnowledgeBase"},

    # ── Health ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    {"text": "The human body has 206 bones in adults.", "source": "KnowledgeBase"},
    {"text": "The heart pumps blood throughout the human body; an average adult heart beats 60–100 times per minute.", "source": "KnowledgeBase"},
    {"text": "Vaccines work by training the immune system to recognize and fight specific pathogens.", "source": "KnowledgeBase"},
    {"text": "COVID-19 is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus and was declared a pandemic by the WHO in March 2020.", "source": "KnowledgeBase"},
]