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basicsr/archs/__init__.py

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+import importlib
+from copy import deepcopy
+from os import path as osp
+
+from basicsr.utils import get_root_logger, scandir
+from basicsr.utils.registry import ARCH_REGISTRY
+
+__all__ = ['build_network']
+
+# automatically scan and import arch modules for registry
+# scan all the files under the 'archs' folder and collect files ending with
+# '_arch.py'
+arch_folder = osp.dirname(osp.abspath(__file__))
+arch_filenames = [osp.splitext(osp.basename(v))[0] for v in scandir(arch_folder) if v.endswith('_arch.py')]
+# import all the arch modules
+_arch_modules = [importlib.import_module(f'basicsr.archs.{file_name}') for file_name in arch_filenames]
+
+
+def build_network(opt):
+    opt = deepcopy(opt)
+    network_type = opt.pop('type')
+    net = ARCH_REGISTRY.get(network_type)(**opt)
+    logger = get_root_logger()
+    logger.info(f'Network [{net.__class__.__name__}] is created.')
+    return net

basicsr/archs/arcface_arch.py

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+import torch.nn as nn
+from basicsr.utils.registry import ARCH_REGISTRY
+
+
+def conv3x3(inplanes, outplanes, stride=1):
+    """A simple wrapper for 3x3 convolution with padding.
+
+    Args:
+        inplanes (int): Channel number of inputs.
+        outplanes (int): Channel number of outputs.
+        stride (int): Stride in convolution. Default: 1.
+    """
+    return nn.Conv2d(inplanes, outplanes, kernel_size=3, stride=stride, padding=1, bias=False)
+
+
+class BasicBlock(nn.Module):
+    """Basic residual block used in the ResNetArcFace architecture.
+
+    Args:
+        inplanes (int): Channel number of inputs.
+        planes (int): Channel number of outputs.
+        stride (int): Stride in convolution. Default: 1.
+        downsample (nn.Module): The downsample module. Default: None.
+    """
+    expansion = 1  # output channel expansion ratio
+
+    def __init__(self, inplanes, planes, stride=1, downsample=None):
+        super(BasicBlock, self).__init__()
+        self.conv1 = conv3x3(inplanes, planes, stride)
+        self.bn1 = nn.BatchNorm2d(planes)
+        self.relu = nn.ReLU(inplace=True)
+        self.conv2 = conv3x3(planes, planes)
+        self.bn2 = nn.BatchNorm2d(planes)
+        self.downsample = downsample
+        self.stride = stride
+
+    def forward(self, x):
+        residual = x
+
+        out = self.conv1(x)
+        out = self.bn1(out)
+        out = self.relu(out)
+
+        out = self.conv2(out)
+        out = self.bn2(out)
+
+        if self.downsample is not None:
+            residual = self.downsample(x)
+
+        out += residual
+        out = self.relu(out)
+
+        return out
+
+
+class IRBlock(nn.Module):
+    """Improved residual block (IR Block) used in the ResNetArcFace architecture.
+
+    Args:
+        inplanes (int): Channel number of inputs.
+        planes (int): Channel number of outputs.
+        stride (int): Stride in convolution. Default: 1.
+        downsample (nn.Module): The downsample module. Default: None.
+        use_se (bool): Whether use the SEBlock (squeeze and excitation block). Default: True.
+    """
+    expansion = 1  # output channel expansion ratio
+
+    def __init__(self, inplanes, planes, stride=1, downsample=None, use_se=True):
+        super(IRBlock, self).__init__()
+        self.bn0 = nn.BatchNorm2d(inplanes)
+        self.conv1 = conv3x3(inplanes, inplanes)
+        self.bn1 = nn.BatchNorm2d(inplanes)
+        self.prelu = nn.PReLU()
+        self.conv2 = conv3x3(inplanes, planes, stride)
+        self.bn2 = nn.BatchNorm2d(planes)
+        self.downsample = downsample
+        self.stride = stride
+        self.use_se = use_se
+        if self.use_se:
+            self.se = SEBlock(planes)
+
+    def forward(self, x):
+        residual = x
+        out = self.bn0(x)
+        out = self.conv1(out)
+        out = self.bn1(out)
+        out = self.prelu(out)
+
+        out = self.conv2(out)
+        out = self.bn2(out)
+        if self.use_se:
+            out = self.se(out)
+
+        if self.downsample is not None:
+            residual = self.downsample(x)
+
+        out += residual
+        out = self.prelu(out)
+
+        return out
+
+
+class Bottleneck(nn.Module):
+    """Bottleneck block used in the ResNetArcFace architecture.
+
+    Args:
+        inplanes (int): Channel number of inputs.
+        planes (int): Channel number of outputs.
+        stride (int): Stride in convolution. Default: 1.
+        downsample (nn.Module): The downsample module. Default: None.
+    """
+    expansion = 4  # output channel expansion ratio
+
+    def __init__(self, inplanes, planes, stride=1, downsample=None):
+        super(Bottleneck, self).__init__()
+        self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(inplanes, planes, kernel_size=1, bias=False)
+        self.bn1 = nn.BatchNorm2d(planes)
+        self.conv2 = nn.Conv2d(planes, planes, kernel_size=3, stride=stride, padding=1, bias=False)
+        self.bn2 = nn.BatchNorm2d(planes)
+        self.conv3 = nn.Conv2d(planes, planes * self.expansion, kernel_size=1, bias=False)
+        self.bn3 = nn.BatchNorm2d(planes * self.expansion)
+        self.relu = nn.ReLU(inplace=True)
+        self.downsample = downsample
+        self.stride = stride
+
+    def forward(self, x):
+        residual = x
+
+        out = self.conv1(x)
+        out = self.bn1(out)
+        out = self.relu(out)
+
+        out = self.conv2(out)
+        out = self.bn2(out)
+        out = self.relu(out)
+
+        out = self.conv3(out)
+        out = self.bn3(out)
+
+        if self.downsample is not None:
+            residual = self.downsample(x)
+
+        out += residual
+        out = self.relu(out)
+
+        return out
+
+
+class SEBlock(nn.Module):
+    """The squeeze-and-excitation block (SEBlock) used in the IRBlock.
+
+    Args:
+        channel (int): Channel number of inputs.
+        reduction (int): Channel reduction ration. Default: 16.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, channel, reduction=16):
+        super(SEBlock, self).__init__()
+        self.avg_pool = nn.AdaptiveAvgPool2d(1)  # pool to 1x1 without spatial information
+        self.fc = nn.Sequential(
+            nn.Linear(channel, channel // reduction), nn.PReLU(), nn.Linear(channel // reduction, channel),
+            nn.Sigmoid())
+
+    def forward(self, x):
+        b, c, _, _ = x.size()
+        y = self.avg_pool(x).view(b, c)
+        y = self.fc(y).view(b, c, 1, 1)
+        return x * y
+
+
+@ARCH_REGISTRY.register()
+class ResNetArcFace(nn.Module):
+    """ArcFace with ResNet architectures.
+
+    Ref: ArcFace: Additive Angular Margin Loss for Deep Face Recognition.
+
+    Args:
+        block (str): Block used in the ArcFace architecture.
+        layers (tuple(int)): Block numbers in each layer.
+        use_se (bool): Whether use the SEBlock (squeeze and excitation block). Default: True.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, block, layers, use_se=True):
+        if block == 'IRBlock':
+            block = IRBlock
+        self.inplanes = 64
+        self.use_se = use_se
+        super(ResNetArcFace, self).__init__()
+
+        self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(1, 64, kernel_size=3, padding=1, bias=False)
+        self.bn1 = nn.BatchNorm2d(64)
+        self.prelu = nn.PReLU()
+        self.maxpool = nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2)
+        self.layer1 = self._make_layer(block, 64, layers[0])
+        self.layer2 = self._make_layer(block, 128, layers[1], stride=2)
+        self.layer3 = self._make_layer(block, 256, layers[2], stride=2)
+        self.layer4 = self._make_layer(block, 512, layers[3], stride=2)
+        self.bn4 = nn.BatchNorm2d(512)
+        self.dropout = nn.Dropout()
+        self.fc5 = nn.Linear(512 * 8 * 8, 512)
+        self.bn5 = nn.BatchNorm1d(512)
+
+        # initialization
+        for m in self.modules():
+            if isinstance(m, nn.Conv2d):
+                nn.init.xavier_normal_(m.weight)
+            elif isinstance(m, nn.BatchNorm2d) or isinstance(m, nn.BatchNorm1d):
+                nn.init.constant_(m.weight, 1)
+                nn.init.constant_(m.bias, 0)
+            elif isinstance(m, nn.Linear):
+                nn.init.xavier_normal_(m.weight)
+                nn.init.constant_(m.bias, 0)
+
+    def _make_layer(self, block, planes, num_blocks, stride=1):
+        downsample = None
+        if stride != 1 or self.inplanes != planes * block.expansion:
+            downsample = nn.Sequential(
+                nn.Conv2d(self.inplanes, planes * block.expansion, kernel_size=1, stride=stride, bias=False),
+                nn.BatchNorm2d(planes * block.expansion),
+            )
+        layers = []
+        layers.append(block(self.inplanes, planes, stride, downsample, use_se=self.use_se))
+        self.inplanes = planes
+        for _ in range(1, num_blocks):
+            layers.append(block(self.inplanes, planes, use_se=self.use_se))
+
+        return nn.Sequential(*layers)
+
+    def forward(self, x):
+        x = self.conv1(x)
+        x = self.bn1(x)
+        x = self.prelu(x)
+        x = self.maxpool(x)
+
+        x = self.layer1(x)
+        x = self.layer2(x)
+        x = self.layer3(x)
+        x = self.layer4(x)
+        x = self.bn4(x)
+        x = self.dropout(x)
+        x = x.view(x.size(0), -1)
+        x = self.fc5(x)
+        x = self.bn5(x)
+
+        return x

basicsr/archs/arch_util.py

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+import collections.abc
+import math
+import torch
+import torchvision
+import warnings
+from distutils.version import LooseVersion
+from itertools import repeat
+from torch import nn as nn
+from torch.nn import functional as F
+from torch.nn import init as init
+from torch.nn.modules.batchnorm import _BatchNorm
+
+from basicsr.ops.dcn import ModulatedDeformConvPack, modulated_deform_conv
+from basicsr.utils import get_root_logger
+
+
+@torch.no_grad()
+def default_init_weights(module_list, scale=1, bias_fill=0, **kwargs):
+    """Initialize network weights.
+
+    Args:
+        module_list (list[nn.Module] | nn.Module): Modules to be initialized.
+        scale (float): Scale initialized weights, especially for residual
+            blocks. Default: 1.
+        bias_fill (float): The value to fill bias. Default: 0
+        kwargs (dict): Other arguments for initialization function.
+    """
+    if not isinstance(module_list, list):
+        module_list = [module_list]
+    for module in module_list:
+        for m in module.modules():
+            if isinstance(m, nn.Conv2d):
+                init.kaiming_normal_(m.weight, **kwargs)
+                m.weight.data *= scale
+                if m.bias is not None:
+                    m.bias.data.fill_(bias_fill)
+            elif isinstance(m, nn.Linear):
+                init.kaiming_normal_(m.weight, **kwargs)
+                m.weight.data *= scale
+                if m.bias is not None:
+                    m.bias.data.fill_(bias_fill)
+            elif isinstance(m, _BatchNorm):
+                init.constant_(m.weight, 1)
+                if m.bias is not None:
+                    m.bias.data.fill_(bias_fill)
+
+
+def make_layer(basic_block, num_basic_block, **kwarg):
+    """Make layers by stacking the same blocks.
+
+    Args:
+        basic_block (nn.module): nn.module class for basic block.
+        num_basic_block (int): number of blocks.
+
+    Returns:
+        nn.Sequential: Stacked blocks in nn.Sequential.
+    """
+    layers = []
+    for _ in range(num_basic_block):
+        layers.append(basic_block(**kwarg))
+    return nn.Sequential(*layers)
+
+
+class ResidualBlockNoBN(nn.Module):
+    """Residual block without BN.
+
+    It has a style of:
+        ---Conv-ReLU-Conv-+-
+         |________________|
+
+    Args:
+        num_feat (int): Channel number of intermediate features.
+            Default: 64.
+        res_scale (float): Residual scale. Default: 1.
+        pytorch_init (bool): If set to True, use pytorch default init,
+            otherwise, use default_init_weights. Default: False.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, num_feat=64, res_scale=1, pytorch_init=False):
+        super(ResidualBlockNoBN, self).__init__()
+        self.res_scale = res_scale
+        self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(num_feat, num_feat, 3, 1, 1, bias=True)
+        self.conv2 = nn.Conv2d(num_feat, num_feat, 3, 1, 1, bias=True)
+        self.relu = nn.ReLU(inplace=True)
+
+        if not pytorch_init:
+            default_init_weights([self.conv1, self.conv2], 0.1)
+
+    def forward(self, x):
+        identity = x
+        out = self.conv2(self.relu(self.conv1(x)))
+        return identity + out * self.res_scale
+
+
+class Upsample(nn.Sequential):
+    """Upsample module.
+
+    Args:
+        scale (int): Scale factor. Supported scales: 2^n and 3.
+        num_feat (int): Channel number of intermediate features.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, scale, num_feat):
+        m = []
+        if (scale & (scale - 1)) == 0:  # scale = 2^n
+            for _ in range(int(math.log(scale, 2))):
+                m.append(nn.Conv2d(num_feat, 4 * num_feat, 3, 1, 1))
+                m.append(nn.PixelShuffle(2))
+        elif scale == 3:
+            m.append(nn.Conv2d(num_feat, 9 * num_feat, 3, 1, 1))
+            m.append(nn.PixelShuffle(3))
+        else:
+            raise ValueError(f'scale {scale} is not supported. Supported scales: 2^n and 3.')
+        super(Upsample, self).__init__(*m)
+
+
+def flow_warp(x, flow, interp_mode='bilinear', padding_mode='zeros', align_corners=True):
+    """Warp an image or feature map with optical flow.
+
+    Args:
+        x (Tensor): Tensor with size (n, c, h, w).
+        flow (Tensor): Tensor with size (n, h, w, 2), normal value.
+        interp_mode (str): 'nearest' or 'bilinear'. Default: 'bilinear'.
+        padding_mode (str): 'zeros' or 'border' or 'reflection'.
+            Default: 'zeros'.
+        align_corners (bool): Before pytorch 1.3, the default value is
+            align_corners=True. After pytorch 1.3, the default value is
+            align_corners=False. Here, we use the True as default.
+
+    Returns:
+        Tensor: Warped image or feature map.
+    """
+    assert x.size()[-2:] == flow.size()[1:3]
+    _, _, h, w = x.size()
+    # create mesh grid
+    grid_y, grid_x = torch.meshgrid(torch.arange(0, h).type_as(x), torch.arange(0, w).type_as(x))
+    grid = torch.stack((grid_x, grid_y), 2).float()  # W(x), H(y), 2
+    grid.requires_grad = False
+
+    vgrid = grid + flow
+    # scale grid to [-1,1]
+    vgrid_x = 2.0 * vgrid[:, :, :, 0] / max(w - 1, 1) - 1.0
+    vgrid_y = 2.0 * vgrid[:, :, :, 1] / max(h - 1, 1) - 1.0
+    vgrid_scaled = torch.stack((vgrid_x, vgrid_y), dim=3)
+    output = F.grid_sample(x, vgrid_scaled, mode=interp_mode, padding_mode=padding_mode, align_corners=align_corners)
+
+    # TODO, what if align_corners=False
+    return output
+
+
+def resize_flow(flow, size_type, sizes, interp_mode='bilinear', align_corners=False):
+    """Resize a flow according to ratio or shape.
+
+    Args:
+        flow (Tensor): Precomputed flow. shape [N, 2, H, W].
+        size_type (str): 'ratio' or 'shape'.
+        sizes (list[int | float]): the ratio for resizing or the final output
+            shape.
+            1) The order of ratio should be [ratio_h, ratio_w]. For
+            downsampling, the ratio should be smaller than 1.0 (i.e., ratio
+            < 1.0). For upsampling, the ratio should be larger than 1.0 (i.e.,
+            ratio > 1.0).
+            2) The order of output_size should be [out_h, out_w].
+        interp_mode (str): The mode of interpolation for resizing.
+            Default: 'bilinear'.
+        align_corners (bool): Whether align corners. Default: False.
+
+    Returns:
+        Tensor: Resized flow.
+    """
+    _, _, flow_h, flow_w = flow.size()
+    if size_type == 'ratio':
+        output_h, output_w = int(flow_h * sizes[0]), int(flow_w * sizes[1])
+    elif size_type == 'shape':
+        output_h, output_w = sizes[0], sizes[1]
+    else:
+        raise ValueError(f'Size type should be ratio or shape, but got type {size_type}.')
+
+    input_flow = flow.clone()
+    ratio_h = output_h / flow_h
+    ratio_w = output_w / flow_w
+    input_flow[:, 0, :, :] *= ratio_w
+    input_flow[:, 1, :, :] *= ratio_h
+    resized_flow = F.interpolate(
+        input=input_flow, size=(output_h, output_w), mode=interp_mode, align_corners=align_corners)
+    return resized_flow
+
+
+# TODO: may write a cpp file
+def pixel_unshuffle(x, scale):
+    """ Pixel unshuffle.
+
+    Args:
+        x (Tensor): Input feature with shape (b, c, hh, hw).
+        scale (int): Downsample ratio.
+
+    Returns:
+        Tensor: the pixel unshuffled feature.
+    """
+    b, c, hh, hw = x.size()
+    out_channel = c * (scale**2)
+    assert hh % scale == 0 and hw % scale == 0
+    h = hh // scale
+    w = hw // scale
+    x_view = x.view(b, c, h, scale, w, scale)
+    return x_view.permute(0, 1, 3, 5, 2, 4).reshape(b, out_channel, h, w)
+
+
+class DCNv2Pack(ModulatedDeformConvPack):
+    """Modulated deformable conv for deformable alignment.
+
+    Different from the official DCNv2Pack, which generates offsets and masks
+    from the preceding features, this DCNv2Pack takes another different
+    features to generate offsets and masks.
+
+    Ref:
+        Delving Deep into Deformable Alignment in Video Super-Resolution.
+    """
+
+    def forward(self, x, feat):
+        out = self.conv_offset(feat)
+        o1, o2, mask = torch.chunk(out, 3, dim=1)
+        offset = torch.cat((o1, o2), dim=1)
+        mask = torch.sigmoid(mask)
+
+        offset_absmean = torch.mean(torch.abs(offset))
+        if offset_absmean > 50:
+            logger = get_root_logger()
+            logger.warning(f'Offset abs mean is {offset_absmean}, larger than 50.')
+
+        if LooseVersion(torchvision.__version__) >= LooseVersion('0.9.0'):
+            return torchvision.ops.deform_conv2d(x, offset, self.weight, self.bias, self.stride, self.padding,
+                                                 self.dilation, mask)
+        else:
+            return modulated_deform_conv(x, offset, mask, self.weight, self.bias, self.stride, self.padding,
+                                         self.dilation, self.groups, self.deformable_groups)
+
+
+def _no_grad_trunc_normal_(tensor, mean, std, a, b):
+    # From: https://github.com/rwightman/pytorch-image-models/blob/master/timm/models/layers/weight_init.py
+    # Cut & paste from PyTorch official master until it's in a few official releases - RW
+    # Method based on https://people.sc.fsu.edu/~jburkardt/presentations/truncated_normal.pdf
+    def norm_cdf(x):
+        # Computes standard normal cumulative distribution function
+        return (1. + math.erf(x / math.sqrt(2.))) / 2.
+
+    if (mean < a - 2 * std) or (mean > b + 2 * std):
+        warnings.warn(
+            'mean is more than 2 std from [a, b] in nn.init.trunc_normal_. '
+            'The distribution of values may be incorrect.',
+            stacklevel=2)
+
+    with torch.no_grad():
+        # Values are generated by using a truncated uniform distribution and
+        # then using the inverse CDF for the normal distribution.
+        # Get upper and lower cdf values
+        low = norm_cdf((a - mean) / std)
+        up = norm_cdf((b - mean) / std)
+
+        # Uniformly fill tensor with values from [low, up], then translate to
+        # [2l-1, 2u-1].
+        tensor.uniform_(2 * low - 1, 2 * up - 1)
+
+        # Use inverse cdf transform for normal distribution to get truncated
+        # standard normal
+        tensor.erfinv_()
+
+        # Transform to proper mean, std
+        tensor.mul_(std * math.sqrt(2.))
+        tensor.add_(mean)
+
+        # Clamp to ensure it's in the proper range
+        tensor.clamp_(min=a, max=b)
+        return tensor
+
+
+def trunc_normal_(tensor, mean=0., std=1., a=-2., b=2.):
+    r"""Fills the input Tensor with values drawn from a truncated
+    normal distribution.
+
+    From: https://github.com/rwightman/pytorch-image-models/blob/master/timm/models/layers/weight_init.py
+
+    The values are effectively drawn from the
+    normal distribution :math:`\mathcal{N}(\text{mean}, \text{std}^2)`
+    with values outside :math:`[a, b]` redrawn until they are within
+    the bounds. The method used for generating the random values works
+    best when :math:`a \leq \text{mean} \leq b`.
+
+    Args:
+        tensor: an n-dimensional `torch.Tensor`
+        mean: the mean of the normal distribution
+        std: the standard deviation of the normal distribution
+        a: the minimum cutoff value
+        b: the maximum cutoff value
+
+    Examples:
+        >>> w = torch.empty(3, 5)
+        >>> nn.init.trunc_normal_(w)
+    """
+    return _no_grad_trunc_normal_(tensor, mean, std, a, b)
+
+
+# From PyTorch
+def _ntuple(n):
+
+    def parse(x):
+        if isinstance(x, collections.abc.Iterable):
+            return x
+        return tuple(repeat(x, n))
+
+    return parse
+
+
+to_1tuple = _ntuple(1)
+to_2tuple = _ntuple(2)
+to_3tuple = _ntuple(3)
+to_4tuple = _ntuple(4)
+to_ntuple = _ntuple

basicsr/archs/codeformer_arch.py

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+import math
+import numpy as np
+import torch
+from torch import nn, Tensor
+import torch.nn.functional as F
+from typing import Optional, List
+
+from basicsr.archs.vqgan_arch import *
+from basicsr.utils import get_root_logger
+from basicsr.utils.registry import ARCH_REGISTRY
+
+def calc_mean_std(feat, eps=1e-5):
+    """Calculate mean and std for adaptive_instance_normalization.
+
+    Args:
+        feat (Tensor): 4D tensor.
+        eps (float): A small value added to the variance to avoid
+            divide-by-zero. Default: 1e-5.
+    """
+    size = feat.size()
+    assert len(size) == 4, 'The input feature should be 4D tensor.'
+    b, c = size[:2]
+    feat_var = feat.view(b, c, -1).var(dim=2) + eps
+    feat_std = feat_var.sqrt().view(b, c, 1, 1)
+    feat_mean = feat.view(b, c, -1).mean(dim=2).view(b, c, 1, 1)
+    return feat_mean, feat_std
+
+
+def adaptive_instance_normalization(content_feat, style_feat):
+    """Adaptive instance normalization.
+
+    Adjust the reference features to have the similar color and illuminations
+    as those in the degradate features.
+
+    Args:
+        content_feat (Tensor): The reference feature.
+        style_feat (Tensor): The degradate features.
+    """
+    size = content_feat.size()
+    style_mean, style_std = calc_mean_std(style_feat)
+    content_mean, content_std = calc_mean_std(content_feat)
+    normalized_feat = (content_feat - content_mean.expand(size)) / content_std.expand(size)
+    return normalized_feat * style_std.expand(size) + style_mean.expand(size)
+
+
+class PositionEmbeddingSine(nn.Module):
+    """
+    This is a more standard version of the position embedding, very similar to the one
+    used by the Attention is all you need paper, generalized to work on images.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, num_pos_feats=64, temperature=10000, normalize=False, scale=None):
+        super().__init__()
+        self.num_pos_feats = num_pos_feats
+        self.temperature = temperature
+        self.normalize = normalize
+        if scale is not None and normalize is False:
+            raise ValueError("normalize should be True if scale is passed")
+        if scale is None:
+            scale = 2 * math.pi
+        self.scale = scale
+
+    def forward(self, x, mask=None):
+        if mask is None:
+            mask = torch.zeros((x.size(0), x.size(2), x.size(3)), device=x.device, dtype=torch.bool)
+        not_mask = ~mask
+        y_embed = not_mask.cumsum(1, dtype=torch.float32)
+        x_embed = not_mask.cumsum(2, dtype=torch.float32)
+        if self.normalize:
+            eps = 1e-6
+            y_embed = y_embed / (y_embed[:, -1:, :] + eps) * self.scale
+            x_embed = x_embed / (x_embed[:, :, -1:] + eps) * self.scale
+
+        dim_t = torch.arange(self.num_pos_feats, dtype=torch.float32, device=x.device)
+        dim_t = self.temperature ** (2 * (dim_t // 2) / self.num_pos_feats)
+
+        pos_x = x_embed[:, :, :, None] / dim_t
+        pos_y = y_embed[:, :, :, None] / dim_t
+        pos_x = torch.stack(
+            (pos_x[:, :, :, 0::2].sin(), pos_x[:, :, :, 1::2].cos()), dim=4
+        ).flatten(3)
+        pos_y = torch.stack(
+            (pos_y[:, :, :, 0::2].sin(), pos_y[:, :, :, 1::2].cos()), dim=4
+        ).flatten(3)
+        pos = torch.cat((pos_y, pos_x), dim=3).permute(0, 3, 1, 2)
+        return pos
+
+def _get_activation_fn(activation):
+    """Return an activation function given a string"""
+    if activation == "relu":
+        return F.relu
+    if activation == "gelu":
+        return F.gelu
+    if activation == "glu":
+        return F.glu
+    raise RuntimeError(F"activation should be relu/gelu, not {activation}.")
+
+
+class TransformerSALayer(nn.Module):
+    def __init__(self, embed_dim, nhead=8, dim_mlp=2048, dropout=0.0, activation="gelu"):
+        super().__init__()
+        self.self_attn = nn.MultiheadAttention(embed_dim, nhead, dropout=dropout)
+        # Implementation of Feedforward model - MLP
+        self.linear1 = nn.Linear(embed_dim, dim_mlp)
+        self.dropout = nn.Dropout(dropout)
+        self.linear2 = nn.Linear(dim_mlp, embed_dim)
+
+        self.norm1 = nn.LayerNorm(embed_dim)
+        self.norm2 = nn.LayerNorm(embed_dim)
+        self.dropout1 = nn.Dropout(dropout)
+        self.dropout2 = nn.Dropout(dropout)
+
+        self.activation = _get_activation_fn(activation)
+
+    def with_pos_embed(self, tensor, pos: Optional[Tensor]):
+        return tensor if pos is None else tensor + pos
+
+    def forward(self, tgt,
+                tgt_mask: Optional[Tensor] = None,
+                tgt_key_padding_mask: Optional[Tensor] = None,
+                query_pos: Optional[Tensor] = None):
+        
+        # self attention
+        tgt2 = self.norm1(tgt)
+        q = k = self.with_pos_embed(tgt2, query_pos)
+        tgt2 = self.self_attn(q, k, value=tgt2, attn_mask=tgt_mask,
+                              key_padding_mask=tgt_key_padding_mask)[0]
+        tgt = tgt + self.dropout1(tgt2)
+
+        # ffn
+        tgt2 = self.norm2(tgt)
+        tgt2 = self.linear2(self.dropout(self.activation(self.linear1(tgt2))))
+        tgt = tgt + self.dropout2(tgt2)
+        return tgt
+
+class Fuse_sft_block(nn.Module):
+    def __init__(self, in_ch, out_ch):
+        super().__init__()
+        self.encode_enc = ResBlock(2*in_ch, out_ch)
+
+        self.scale = nn.Sequential(
+                    nn.Conv2d(in_ch, out_ch, kernel_size=3, padding=1),
+                    nn.LeakyReLU(0.2, True),
+                    nn.Conv2d(out_ch, out_ch, kernel_size=3, padding=1))
+
+        self.shift = nn.Sequential(
+                    nn.Conv2d(in_ch, out_ch, kernel_size=3, padding=1),
+                    nn.LeakyReLU(0.2, True),
+                    nn.Conv2d(out_ch, out_ch, kernel_size=3, padding=1))
+
+    def forward(self, enc_feat, dec_feat, w=1):
+        enc_feat = self.encode_enc(torch.cat([enc_feat, dec_feat], dim=1))
+        scale = self.scale(enc_feat)
+        shift = self.shift(enc_feat)
+        residual = w * (dec_feat * scale + shift)
+        out = dec_feat + residual
+        return out
+
+
+@ARCH_REGISTRY.register()
+class CodeFormer(VQAutoEncoder):
+    def __init__(self, dim_embd=512, n_head=8, n_layers=9, 
+                codebook_size=1024, latent_size=256,
+                connect_list=['32', '64', '128', '256'],
+                fix_modules=['quantize','generator'], vqgan_path=None):
+        super(CodeFormer, self).__init__(512, 64, [1, 2, 2, 4, 4, 8], 'nearest',2, [16], codebook_size)
+
+        if vqgan_path is not None:
+            self.load_state_dict(
+                torch.load(vqgan_path, map_location='cpu')['params_ema'])
+
+        if fix_modules is not None:
+            for module in fix_modules:
+                for param in getattr(self, module).parameters():
+                    param.requires_grad = False
+
+        self.connect_list = connect_list
+        self.n_layers = n_layers
+        self.dim_embd = dim_embd
+        self.dim_mlp = dim_embd*2
+
+        self.position_emb = nn.Parameter(torch.zeros(latent_size, self.dim_embd))
+        self.feat_emb = nn.Linear(256, self.dim_embd)
+
+        # transformer
+        self.ft_layers = nn.Sequential(*[TransformerSALayer(embed_dim=dim_embd, nhead=n_head, dim_mlp=self.dim_mlp, dropout=0.0) 
+                                    for _ in range(self.n_layers)])
+
+        # logits_predict head
+        self.idx_pred_layer = nn.Sequential(
+            nn.LayerNorm(dim_embd),
+            nn.Linear(dim_embd, codebook_size, bias=False))
+        
+        self.channels = {
+            '16': 512,
+            '32': 256,
+            '64': 256,
+            '128': 128,
+            '256': 128,
+            '512': 64,
+        }
+
+        # after second residual block for > 16, before attn layer for ==16
+        self.fuse_encoder_block = {'512':2, '256':5, '128':8, '64':11, '32':14, '16':18}
+        # after first residual block for > 16, before attn layer for ==16
+        self.fuse_generator_block = {'16':6, '32': 9, '64':12, '128':15, '256':18, '512':21}
+
+        # fuse_convs_dict
+        self.fuse_convs_dict = nn.ModuleDict()
+        for f_size in self.connect_list:
+            in_ch = self.channels[f_size]
+            self.fuse_convs_dict[f_size] = Fuse_sft_block(in_ch, in_ch)
+
+    def _init_weights(self, module):
+        if isinstance(module, (nn.Linear, nn.Embedding)):
+            module.weight.data.normal_(mean=0.0, std=0.02)
+            if isinstance(module, nn.Linear) and module.bias is not None:
+                module.bias.data.zero_()
+        elif isinstance(module, nn.LayerNorm):
+            module.bias.data.zero_()
+            module.weight.data.fill_(1.0)
+
+    def forward(self, x, w=0, detach_16=True, code_only=False, adain=False):
+        # ################### Encoder #####################
+        enc_feat_dict = {}
+        out_list = [self.fuse_encoder_block[f_size] for f_size in self.connect_list]
+        for i, block in enumerate(self.encoder.blocks):
+            x = block(x) 
+            if i in out_list:
+                enc_feat_dict[str(x.shape[-1])] = x.clone()
+
+        lq_feat = x
+        # ################# Transformer ###################
+        # quant_feat, codebook_loss, quant_stats = self.quantize(lq_feat)
+        pos_emb = self.position_emb.unsqueeze(1).repeat(1,x.shape[0],1)
+        # BCHW -> BC(HW) -> (HW)BC
+        feat_emb = self.feat_emb(lq_feat.flatten(2).permute(2,0,1))
+        query_emb = feat_emb
+        # Transformer encoder
+        for layer in self.ft_layers:
+            query_emb = layer(query_emb, query_pos=pos_emb)
+
+        # output logits
+        logits = self.idx_pred_layer(query_emb) # (hw)bn
+        logits = logits.permute(1,0,2) # (hw)bn -> b(hw)n
+
+        if code_only: # for training stage II
+          # logits doesn't need softmax before cross_entropy loss
+            return logits, lq_feat
+
+        # ################# Quantization ###################
+        # if self.training:
+        #     quant_feat = torch.einsum('btn,nc->btc', [soft_one_hot, self.quantize.embedding.weight])
+        #     # b(hw)c -> bc(hw) -> bchw
+        #     quant_feat = quant_feat.permute(0,2,1).view(lq_feat.shape)
+        # ------------
+        soft_one_hot = F.softmax(logits, dim=2)
+        _, top_idx = torch.topk(soft_one_hot, 1, dim=2)
+        quant_feat = self.quantize.get_codebook_feat(top_idx, shape=[x.shape[0],16,16,256])
+        # preserve gradients
+        # quant_feat = lq_feat + (quant_feat - lq_feat).detach()
+
+        if detach_16:
+            quant_feat = quant_feat.detach() # for training stage III
+        if adain:
+            quant_feat = adaptive_instance_normalization(quant_feat, lq_feat)
+
+        # ################## Generator ####################
+        x = quant_feat
+        fuse_list = [self.fuse_generator_block[f_size] for f_size in self.connect_list]
+
+        for i, block in enumerate(self.generator.blocks):
+            x = block(x) 
+            if i in fuse_list: # fuse after i-th block
+                f_size = str(x.shape[-1])
+                if w>0:
+                    x = self.fuse_convs_dict[f_size](enc_feat_dict[f_size].detach(), x, w)
+        out = x
+        # logits doesn't need softmax before cross_entropy loss
+        return out, logits, lq_feat

basicsr/archs/rrdbnet_arch.py

@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+import torch
+from torch import nn as nn
+from torch.nn import functional as F
+
+from basicsr.utils.registry import ARCH_REGISTRY
+from .arch_util import default_init_weights, make_layer, pixel_unshuffle
+
+
+class ResidualDenseBlock(nn.Module):
+    """Residual Dense Block.
+
+    Used in RRDB block in ESRGAN.
+
+    Args:
+        num_feat (int): Channel number of intermediate features.
+        num_grow_ch (int): Channels for each growth.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, num_feat=64, num_grow_ch=32):
+        super(ResidualDenseBlock, self).__init__()
+        self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(num_feat, num_grow_ch, 3, 1, 1)
+        self.conv2 = nn.Conv2d(num_feat + num_grow_ch, num_grow_ch, 3, 1, 1)
+        self.conv3 = nn.Conv2d(num_feat + 2 * num_grow_ch, num_grow_ch, 3, 1, 1)
+        self.conv4 = nn.Conv2d(num_feat + 3 * num_grow_ch, num_grow_ch, 3, 1, 1)
+        self.conv5 = nn.Conv2d(num_feat + 4 * num_grow_ch, num_feat, 3, 1, 1)
+
+        self.lrelu = nn.LeakyReLU(negative_slope=0.2, inplace=True)
+
+        # initialization
+        default_init_weights([self.conv1, self.conv2, self.conv3, self.conv4, self.conv5], 0.1)
+
+    def forward(self, x):
+        x1 = self.lrelu(self.conv1(x))
+        x2 = self.lrelu(self.conv2(torch.cat((x, x1), 1)))
+        x3 = self.lrelu(self.conv3(torch.cat((x, x1, x2), 1)))
+        x4 = self.lrelu(self.conv4(torch.cat((x, x1, x2, x3), 1)))
+        x5 = self.conv5(torch.cat((x, x1, x2, x3, x4), 1))
+        # Emperically, we use 0.2 to scale the residual for better performance
+        return x5 * 0.2 + x
+
+
+class RRDB(nn.Module):
+    """Residual in Residual Dense Block.
+
+    Used in RRDB-Net in ESRGAN.
+
+    Args:
+        num_feat (int): Channel number of intermediate features.
+        num_grow_ch (int): Channels for each growth.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, num_feat, num_grow_ch=32):
+        super(RRDB, self).__init__()
+        self.rdb1 = ResidualDenseBlock(num_feat, num_grow_ch)
+        self.rdb2 = ResidualDenseBlock(num_feat, num_grow_ch)
+        self.rdb3 = ResidualDenseBlock(num_feat, num_grow_ch)
+
+    def forward(self, x):
+        out = self.rdb1(x)
+        out = self.rdb2(out)
+        out = self.rdb3(out)
+        # Emperically, we use 0.2 to scale the residual for better performance
+        return out * 0.2 + x
+
+
+@ARCH_REGISTRY.register()
+class RRDBNet(nn.Module):
+    """Networks consisting of Residual in Residual Dense Block, which is used
+    in ESRGAN.
+
+    ESRGAN: Enhanced Super-Resolution Generative Adversarial Networks.
+
+    We extend ESRGAN for scale x2 and scale x1.
+    Note: This is one option for scale 1, scale 2 in RRDBNet.
+    We first employ the pixel-unshuffle (an inverse operation of pixelshuffle to reduce the spatial size
+    and enlarge the channel size before feeding inputs into the main ESRGAN architecture.
+
+    Args:
+        num_in_ch (int): Channel number of inputs.
+        num_out_ch (int): Channel number of outputs.
+        num_feat (int): Channel number of intermediate features.
+            Default: 64
+        num_block (int): Block number in the trunk network. Defaults: 23
+        num_grow_ch (int): Channels for each growth. Default: 32.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, num_in_ch, num_out_ch, scale=4, num_feat=64, num_block=23, num_grow_ch=32):
+        super(RRDBNet, self).__init__()
+        self.scale = scale
+        if scale == 2:
+            num_in_ch = num_in_ch * 4
+        elif scale == 1:
+            num_in_ch = num_in_ch * 16
+        self.conv_first = nn.Conv2d(num_in_ch, num_feat, 3, 1, 1)
+        self.body = make_layer(RRDB, num_block, num_feat=num_feat, num_grow_ch=num_grow_ch)
+        self.conv_body = nn.Conv2d(num_feat, num_feat, 3, 1, 1)
+        # upsample
+        self.conv_up1 = nn.Conv2d(num_feat, num_feat, 3, 1, 1)
+        self.conv_up2 = nn.Conv2d(num_feat, num_feat, 3, 1, 1)
+        self.conv_hr = nn.Conv2d(num_feat, num_feat, 3, 1, 1)
+        self.conv_last = nn.Conv2d(num_feat, num_out_ch, 3, 1, 1)
+
+        self.lrelu = nn.LeakyReLU(negative_slope=0.2, inplace=True)
+
+    def forward(self, x):
+        if self.scale == 2:
+            feat = pixel_unshuffle(x, scale=2)
+        elif self.scale == 1:
+            feat = pixel_unshuffle(x, scale=4)
+        else:
+            feat = x
+        feat = self.conv_first(feat)
+        body_feat = self.conv_body(self.body(feat))
+        feat = feat + body_feat
+        # upsample
+        feat = self.lrelu(self.conv_up1(F.interpolate(feat, scale_factor=2, mode='nearest')))
+        feat = self.lrelu(self.conv_up2(F.interpolate(feat, scale_factor=2, mode='nearest')))
+        out = self.conv_last(self.lrelu(self.conv_hr(feat)))
+        return out

basicsr/archs/vgg_arch.py

@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+import os
+import torch
+from collections import OrderedDict
+from torch import nn as nn
+from torchvision.models import vgg as vgg
+
+from basicsr.utils.registry import ARCH_REGISTRY
+
+VGG_PRETRAIN_PATH = 'experiments/pretrained_models/vgg19-dcbb9e9d.pth'
+NAMES = {
+    'vgg11': [
+        'conv1_1', 'relu1_1', 'pool1', 'conv2_1', 'relu2_1', 'pool2', 'conv3_1', 'relu3_1', 'conv3_2', 'relu3_2',
+        'pool3', 'conv4_1', 'relu4_1', 'conv4_2', 'relu4_2', 'pool4', 'conv5_1', 'relu5_1', 'conv5_2', 'relu5_2',
+        'pool5'
+    ],
+    'vgg13': [
+        'conv1_1', 'relu1_1', 'conv1_2', 'relu1_2', 'pool1', 'conv2_1', 'relu2_1', 'conv2_2', 'relu2_2', 'pool2',
+        'conv3_1', 'relu3_1', 'conv3_2', 'relu3_2', 'pool3', 'conv4_1', 'relu4_1', 'conv4_2', 'relu4_2', 'pool4',
+        'conv5_1', 'relu5_1', 'conv5_2', 'relu5_2', 'pool5'
+    ],
+    'vgg16': [
+        'conv1_1', 'relu1_1', 'conv1_2', 'relu1_2', 'pool1', 'conv2_1', 'relu2_1', 'conv2_2', 'relu2_2', 'pool2',
+        'conv3_1', 'relu3_1', 'conv3_2', 'relu3_2', 'conv3_3', 'relu3_3', 'pool3', 'conv4_1', 'relu4_1', 'conv4_2',
+        'relu4_2', 'conv4_3', 'relu4_3', 'pool4', 'conv5_1', 'relu5_1', 'conv5_2', 'relu5_2', 'conv5_3', 'relu5_3',
+        'pool5'
+    ],
+    'vgg19': [
+        'conv1_1', 'relu1_1', 'conv1_2', 'relu1_2', 'pool1', 'conv2_1', 'relu2_1', 'conv2_2', 'relu2_2', 'pool2',
+        'conv3_1', 'relu3_1', 'conv3_2', 'relu3_2', 'conv3_3', 'relu3_3', 'conv3_4', 'relu3_4', 'pool3', 'conv4_1',
+        'relu4_1', 'conv4_2', 'relu4_2', 'conv4_3', 'relu4_3', 'conv4_4', 'relu4_4', 'pool4', 'conv5_1', 'relu5_1',
+        'conv5_2', 'relu5_2', 'conv5_3', 'relu5_3', 'conv5_4', 'relu5_4', 'pool5'
+    ]
+}
+
+
+def insert_bn(names):
+    """Insert bn layer after each conv.
+
+    Args:
+        names (list): The list of layer names.
+
+    Returns:
+        list: The list of layer names with bn layers.
+    """
+    names_bn = []
+    for name in names:
+        names_bn.append(name)
+        if 'conv' in name:
+            position = name.replace('conv', '')
+            names_bn.append('bn' + position)
+    return names_bn
+
+
+@ARCH_REGISTRY.register()
+class VGGFeatureExtractor(nn.Module):
+    """VGG network for feature extraction.
+
+    In this implementation, we allow users to choose whether use normalization
+    in the input feature and the type of vgg network. Note that the pretrained
+    path must fit the vgg type.
+
+    Args:
+        layer_name_list (list[str]): Forward function returns the corresponding
+            features according to the layer_name_list.
+            Example: {'relu1_1', 'relu2_1', 'relu3_1'}.
+        vgg_type (str): Set the type of vgg network. Default: 'vgg19'.
+        use_input_norm (bool): If True, normalize the input image. Importantly,
+            the input feature must in the range [0, 1]. Default: True.
+        range_norm (bool): If True, norm images with range [-1, 1] to [0, 1].
+            Default: False.
+        requires_grad (bool): If true, the parameters of VGG network will be
+            optimized. Default: False.
+        remove_pooling (bool): If true, the max pooling operations in VGG net
+            will be removed. Default: False.
+        pooling_stride (int): The stride of max pooling operation. Default: 2.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self,
+                 layer_name_list,
+                 vgg_type='vgg19',
+                 use_input_norm=True,
+                 range_norm=False,
+                 requires_grad=False,
+                 remove_pooling=False,
+                 pooling_stride=2):
+        super(VGGFeatureExtractor, self).__init__()
+
+        self.layer_name_list = layer_name_list
+        self.use_input_norm = use_input_norm
+        self.range_norm = range_norm
+
+        self.names = NAMES[vgg_type.replace('_bn', '')]
+        if 'bn' in vgg_type:
+            self.names = insert_bn(self.names)
+
+        # only borrow layers that will be used to avoid unused params
+        max_idx = 0
+        for v in layer_name_list:
+            idx = self.names.index(v)
+            if idx > max_idx:
+                max_idx = idx
+
+        if os.path.exists(VGG_PRETRAIN_PATH):
+            vgg_net = getattr(vgg, vgg_type)(pretrained=False)
+            state_dict = torch.load(VGG_PRETRAIN_PATH, map_location=lambda storage, loc: storage)
+            vgg_net.load_state_dict(state_dict)
+        else:
+            vgg_net = getattr(vgg, vgg_type)(pretrained=True)
+
+        features = vgg_net.features[:max_idx + 1]
+
+        modified_net = OrderedDict()
+        for k, v in zip(self.names, features):
+            if 'pool' in k:
+                # if remove_pooling is true, pooling operation will be removed
+                if remove_pooling:
+                    continue
+                else:
+                    # in some cases, we may want to change the default stride
+                    modified_net[k] = nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=pooling_stride)
+            else:
+                modified_net[k] = v
+
+        self.vgg_net = nn.Sequential(modified_net)
+
+        if not requires_grad:
+            self.vgg_net.eval()
+            for param in self.parameters():
+                param.requires_grad = False
+        else:
+            self.vgg_net.train()
+            for param in self.parameters():
+                param.requires_grad = True
+
+        if self.use_input_norm:
+            # the mean is for image with range [0, 1]
+            self.register_buffer('mean', torch.Tensor([0.485, 0.456, 0.406]).view(1, 3, 1, 1))
+            # the std is for image with range [0, 1]
+            self.register_buffer('std', torch.Tensor([0.229, 0.224, 0.225]).view(1, 3, 1, 1))
+
+    def forward(self, x):
+        """Forward function.
+
+        Args:
+            x (Tensor): Input tensor with shape (n, c, h, w).
+
+        Returns:
+            Tensor: Forward results.
+        """
+        if self.range_norm:
+            x = (x + 1) / 2
+        if self.use_input_norm:
+            x = (x - self.mean) / self.std
+        output = {}
+
+        for key, layer in self.vgg_net._modules.items():
+            x = layer(x)
+            if key in self.layer_name_list:
+                output[key] = x.clone()
+
+        return output

basicsr/archs/vqgan_arch.py

@@ -0,0 +1,434 @@
+'''
+VQGAN code, adapted from the original created by the Unleashing Transformers authors:
+https://github.com/samb-t/unleashing-transformers/blob/master/models/vqgan.py
+
+'''
+import numpy as np
+import torch
+import torch.nn as nn
+import torch.nn.functional as F
+import copy
+from basicsr.utils import get_root_logger
+from basicsr.utils.registry import ARCH_REGISTRY
+
+def normalize(in_channels):
+    return torch.nn.GroupNorm(num_groups=32, num_channels=in_channels, eps=1e-6, affine=True)
+    
+
+@torch.jit.script
+def swish(x):
+    return x*torch.sigmoid(x)
+
+
+#  Define VQVAE classes
+class VectorQuantizer(nn.Module):
+    def __init__(self, codebook_size, emb_dim, beta):
+        super(VectorQuantizer, self).__init__()
+        self.codebook_size = codebook_size  # number of embeddings
+        self.emb_dim = emb_dim  # dimension of embedding
+        self.beta = beta  # commitment cost used in loss term, beta * ||z_e(x)-sg[e]||^2
+        self.embedding = nn.Embedding(self.codebook_size, self.emb_dim)
+        self.embedding.weight.data.uniform_(-1.0 / self.codebook_size, 1.0 / self.codebook_size)
+
+    def forward(self, z):
+        # reshape z -> (batch, height, width, channel) and flatten
+        z = z.permute(0, 2, 3, 1).contiguous()
+        z_flattened = z.view(-1, self.emb_dim)
+
+        # distances from z to embeddings e_j (z - e)^2 = z^2 + e^2 - 2 e * z
+        d = (z_flattened ** 2).sum(dim=1, keepdim=True) + (self.embedding.weight**2).sum(1) - \
+            2 * torch.matmul(z_flattened, self.embedding.weight.t())
+
+        mean_distance = torch.mean(d)
+        # find closest encodings
+        min_encoding_indices = torch.argmin(d, dim=1).unsqueeze(1)
+        # min_encoding_scores, min_encoding_indices = torch.topk(d, 1, dim=1, largest=False)
+        # [0-1], higher score, higher confidence
+        # min_encoding_scores = torch.exp(-min_encoding_scores/10)
+
+        min_encodings = torch.zeros(min_encoding_indices.shape[0], self.codebook_size).to(z)
+        min_encodings.scatter_(1, min_encoding_indices, 1)
+
+        # get quantized latent vectors
+        z_q = torch.matmul(min_encodings, self.embedding.weight).view(z.shape)
+        # compute loss for embedding
+        loss = torch.mean((z_q.detach()-z)**2) + self.beta * torch.mean((z_q - z.detach()) ** 2)
+        # preserve gradients
+        z_q = z + (z_q - z).detach()
+
+        # perplexity
+        e_mean = torch.mean(min_encodings, dim=0)
+        perplexity = torch.exp(-torch.sum(e_mean * torch.log(e_mean + 1e-10)))
+        # reshape back to match original input shape
+        z_q = z_q.permute(0, 3, 1, 2).contiguous()
+
+        return z_q, loss, {
+            "perplexity": perplexity,
+            "min_encodings": min_encodings,
+            "min_encoding_indices": min_encoding_indices,
+            "mean_distance": mean_distance
+            }
+
+    def get_codebook_feat(self, indices, shape):
+        # input indices: batch*token_num -> (batch*token_num)*1
+        # shape: batch, height, width, channel
+        indices = indices.view(-1,1)
+        min_encodings = torch.zeros(indices.shape[0], self.codebook_size).to(indices)
+        min_encodings.scatter_(1, indices, 1)
+        # get quantized latent vectors
+        z_q = torch.matmul(min_encodings.float(), self.embedding.weight)
+
+        if shape is not None:  # reshape back to match original input shape
+            z_q = z_q.view(shape).permute(0, 3, 1, 2).contiguous()
+
+        return z_q
+
+
+class GumbelQuantizer(nn.Module):
+    def __init__(self, codebook_size, emb_dim, num_hiddens, straight_through=False, kl_weight=5e-4, temp_init=1.0):
+        super().__init__()
+        self.codebook_size = codebook_size  # number of embeddings
+        self.emb_dim = emb_dim  # dimension of embedding
+        self.straight_through = straight_through
+        self.temperature = temp_init
+        self.kl_weight = kl_weight
+        self.proj = nn.Conv2d(num_hiddens, codebook_size, 1)  # projects last encoder layer to quantized logits
+        self.embed = nn.Embedding(codebook_size, emb_dim)
+
+    def forward(self, z):
+        hard = self.straight_through if self.training else True
+
+        logits = self.proj(z)
+
+        soft_one_hot = F.gumbel_softmax(logits, tau=self.temperature, dim=1, hard=hard)
+
+        z_q = torch.einsum("b n h w, n d -> b d h w", soft_one_hot, self.embed.weight)
+
+        # + kl divergence to the prior loss
+        qy = F.softmax(logits, dim=1)
+        diff = self.kl_weight * torch.sum(qy * torch.log(qy * self.codebook_size + 1e-10), dim=1).mean()
+        min_encoding_indices = soft_one_hot.argmax(dim=1)
+
+        return z_q, diff, {
+            "min_encoding_indices": min_encoding_indices
+        }
+
+
+class Downsample(nn.Module):
+    def __init__(self, in_channels):
+        super().__init__()
+        self.conv = torch.nn.Conv2d(in_channels, in_channels, kernel_size=3, stride=2, padding=0)
+
+    def forward(self, x):
+        pad = (0, 1, 0, 1)
+        x = torch.nn.functional.pad(x, pad, mode="constant", value=0)
+        x = self.conv(x)
+        return x
+
+
+class Upsample(nn.Module):
+    def __init__(self, in_channels):
+        super().__init__()
+        self.conv = nn.Conv2d(in_channels, in_channels, kernel_size=3, stride=1, padding=1)
+
+    def forward(self, x):
+        x = F.interpolate(x, scale_factor=2.0, mode="nearest")
+        x = self.conv(x)
+
+        return x
+
+
+class ResBlock(nn.Module):
+    def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels=None):
+        super(ResBlock, self).__init__()
+        self.in_channels = in_channels
+        self.out_channels = in_channels if out_channels is None else out_channels
+        self.norm1 = normalize(in_channels)
+        self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size=3, stride=1, padding=1)
+        self.norm2 = normalize(out_channels)
+        self.conv2 = nn.Conv2d(out_channels, out_channels, kernel_size=3, stride=1, padding=1)
+        if self.in_channels != self.out_channels:
+            self.conv_out = nn.Conv2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size=1, stride=1, padding=0)
+
+    def forward(self, x_in):
+        x = x_in
+        x = self.norm1(x)
+        x = swish(x)
+        x = self.conv1(x)
+        x = self.norm2(x)
+        x = swish(x)
+        x = self.conv2(x)
+        if self.in_channels != self.out_channels:
+            x_in = self.conv_out(x_in)
+
+        return x + x_in
+
+
+class AttnBlock(nn.Module):
+    def __init__(self, in_channels):
+        super().__init__()
+        self.in_channels = in_channels
+
+        self.norm = normalize(in_channels)
+        self.q = torch.nn.Conv2d(
+            in_channels,
+            in_channels,
+            kernel_size=1,
+            stride=1,
+            padding=0
+        )
+        self.k = torch.nn.Conv2d(
+            in_channels,
+            in_channels,
+            kernel_size=1,
+            stride=1,
+            padding=0
+        )
+        self.v = torch.nn.Conv2d(
+            in_channels,
+            in_channels,
+            kernel_size=1,
+            stride=1,
+            padding=0
+        )
+        self.proj_out = torch.nn.Conv2d(
+            in_channels,
+            in_channels,
+            kernel_size=1,
+            stride=1,
+            padding=0
+        )
+
+    def forward(self, x):
+        h_ = x
+        h_ = self.norm(h_)
+        q = self.q(h_)
+        k = self.k(h_)
+        v = self.v(h_)
+
+        # compute attention
+        b, c, h, w = q.shape
+        q = q.reshape(b, c, h*w)
+        q = q.permute(0, 2, 1)   
+        k = k.reshape(b, c, h*w)
+        w_ = torch.bmm(q, k) 
+        w_ = w_ * (int(c)**(-0.5))
+        w_ = F.softmax(w_, dim=2)
+
+        # attend to values
+        v = v.reshape(b, c, h*w)
+        w_ = w_.permute(0, 2, 1) 
+        h_ = torch.bmm(v, w_)
+        h_ = h_.reshape(b, c, h, w)
+
+        h_ = self.proj_out(h_)
+
+        return x+h_
+
+
+class Encoder(nn.Module):
+    def __init__(self, in_channels, nf, emb_dim, ch_mult, num_res_blocks, resolution, attn_resolutions):
+        super().__init__()
+        self.nf = nf
+        self.num_resolutions = len(ch_mult)
+        self.num_res_blocks = num_res_blocks
+        self.resolution = resolution
+        self.attn_resolutions = attn_resolutions
+
+        curr_res = self.resolution
+        in_ch_mult = (1,)+tuple(ch_mult)
+
+        blocks = []
+        # initial convultion
+        blocks.append(nn.Conv2d(in_channels, nf, kernel_size=3, stride=1, padding=1))
+
+        # residual and downsampling blocks, with attention on smaller res (16x16)
+        for i in range(self.num_resolutions):
+            block_in_ch = nf * in_ch_mult[i]
+            block_out_ch = nf * ch_mult[i]
+            for _ in range(self.num_res_blocks):
+                blocks.append(ResBlock(block_in_ch, block_out_ch))
+                block_in_ch = block_out_ch
+                if curr_res in attn_resolutions:
+                    blocks.append(AttnBlock(block_in_ch))
+
+            if i != self.num_resolutions - 1:
+                blocks.append(Downsample(block_in_ch))
+                curr_res = curr_res // 2
+
+        # non-local attention block
+        blocks.append(ResBlock(block_in_ch, block_in_ch))
+        blocks.append(AttnBlock(block_in_ch))
+        blocks.append(ResBlock(block_in_ch, block_in_ch))
+
+        # normalise and convert to latent size
+        blocks.append(normalize(block_in_ch))
+        blocks.append(nn.Conv2d(block_in_ch, emb_dim, kernel_size=3, stride=1, padding=1))
+        self.blocks = nn.ModuleList(blocks)
+
+    def forward(self, x):
+        for block in self.blocks:
+            x = block(x)
+            
+        return x
+
+
+class Generator(nn.Module):
+    def __init__(self, nf, emb_dim, ch_mult, res_blocks, img_size, attn_resolutions):
+        super().__init__()
+        self.nf = nf 
+        self.ch_mult = ch_mult 
+        self.num_resolutions = len(self.ch_mult)
+        self.num_res_blocks = res_blocks
+        self.resolution = img_size 
+        self.attn_resolutions = attn_resolutions
+        self.in_channels = emb_dim
+        self.out_channels = 3
+        block_in_ch = self.nf * self.ch_mult[-1]
+        curr_res = self.resolution // 2 ** (self.num_resolutions-1)
+
+        blocks = []
+        # initial conv
+        blocks.append(nn.Conv2d(self.in_channels, block_in_ch, kernel_size=3, stride=1, padding=1))
+
+        # non-local attention block
+        blocks.append(ResBlock(block_in_ch, block_in_ch))
+        blocks.append(AttnBlock(block_in_ch))
+        blocks.append(ResBlock(block_in_ch, block_in_ch))
+
+        for i in reversed(range(self.num_resolutions)):
+            block_out_ch = self.nf * self.ch_mult[i]
+
+            for _ in range(self.num_res_blocks):
+                blocks.append(ResBlock(block_in_ch, block_out_ch))
+                block_in_ch = block_out_ch
+
+                if curr_res in self.attn_resolutions:
+                    blocks.append(AttnBlock(block_in_ch))
+
+            if i != 0:
+                blocks.append(Upsample(block_in_ch))
+                curr_res = curr_res * 2
+
+        blocks.append(normalize(block_in_ch))
+        blocks.append(nn.Conv2d(block_in_ch, self.out_channels, kernel_size=3, stride=1, padding=1))
+
+        self.blocks = nn.ModuleList(blocks)
+   
+
+    def forward(self, x):
+        for block in self.blocks:
+            x = block(x)
+            
+        return x
+
+  
+@ARCH_REGISTRY.register()
+class VQAutoEncoder(nn.Module):
+    def __init__(self, img_size, nf, ch_mult, quantizer="nearest", res_blocks=2, attn_resolutions=[16], codebook_size=1024, emb_dim=256,
+                beta=0.25, gumbel_straight_through=False, gumbel_kl_weight=1e-8, model_path=None):
+        super().__init__()
+        logger = get_root_logger()
+        self.in_channels = 3 
+        self.nf = nf 
+        self.n_blocks = res_blocks 
+        self.codebook_size = codebook_size
+        self.embed_dim = emb_dim
+        self.ch_mult = ch_mult
+        self.resolution = img_size
+        self.attn_resolutions = attn_resolutions
+        self.quantizer_type = quantizer
+        self.encoder = Encoder(
+            self.in_channels,
+            self.nf,
+            self.embed_dim,
+            self.ch_mult,
+            self.n_blocks,
+            self.resolution,
+            self.attn_resolutions
+        )
+        if self.quantizer_type == "nearest":
+            self.beta = beta #0.25
+            self.quantize = VectorQuantizer(self.codebook_size, self.embed_dim, self.beta)
+        elif self.quantizer_type == "gumbel":
+            self.gumbel_num_hiddens = emb_dim
+            self.straight_through = gumbel_straight_through
+            self.kl_weight = gumbel_kl_weight
+            self.quantize = GumbelQuantizer(
+                self.codebook_size,
+                self.embed_dim,
+                self.gumbel_num_hiddens,
+                self.straight_through,
+                self.kl_weight
+            )
+        self.generator = Generator(
+            self.nf, 
+            self.embed_dim,
+            self.ch_mult, 
+            self.n_blocks, 
+            self.resolution, 
+            self.attn_resolutions
+        )
+
+        if model_path is not None:
+            chkpt = torch.load(model_path, map_location='cpu')
+            if 'params_ema' in chkpt:
+                self.load_state_dict(torch.load(model_path, map_location='cpu')['params_ema'])
+                logger.info(f'vqgan is loaded from: {model_path} [params_ema]')
+            elif 'params' in chkpt:
+                self.load_state_dict(torch.load(model_path, map_location='cpu')['params'])
+                logger.info(f'vqgan is loaded from: {model_path} [params]')
+            else:
+                raise ValueError(f'Wrong params!')
+
+
+    def forward(self, x):
+        x = self.encoder(x)
+        quant, codebook_loss, quant_stats = self.quantize(x)
+        x = self.generator(quant)
+        return x, codebook_loss, quant_stats
+
+
+
+# patch based discriminator
+@ARCH_REGISTRY.register()
+class VQGANDiscriminator(nn.Module):
+    def __init__(self, nc=3, ndf=64, n_layers=4, model_path=None):
+        super().__init__()
+
+        layers = [nn.Conv2d(nc, ndf, kernel_size=4, stride=2, padding=1), nn.LeakyReLU(0.2, True)]
+        ndf_mult = 1
+        ndf_mult_prev = 1
+        for n in range(1, n_layers):  # gradually increase the number of filters
+            ndf_mult_prev = ndf_mult
+            ndf_mult = min(2 ** n, 8)
+            layers += [
+                nn.Conv2d(ndf * ndf_mult_prev, ndf * ndf_mult, kernel_size=4, stride=2, padding=1, bias=False),
+                nn.BatchNorm2d(ndf * ndf_mult),
+                nn.LeakyReLU(0.2, True)
+            ]
+
+        ndf_mult_prev = ndf_mult
+        ndf_mult = min(2 ** n_layers, 8)
+
+        layers += [
+            nn.Conv2d(ndf * ndf_mult_prev, ndf * ndf_mult, kernel_size=4, stride=1, padding=1, bias=False),
+            nn.BatchNorm2d(ndf * ndf_mult),
+            nn.LeakyReLU(0.2, True)
+        ]
+
+        layers += [
+            nn.Conv2d(ndf * ndf_mult, 1, kernel_size=4, stride=1, padding=1)]  # output 1 channel prediction map
+        self.main = nn.Sequential(*layers)
+
+        if model_path is not None:
+            chkpt = torch.load(model_path, map_location='cpu')
+            if 'params_d' in chkpt:
+                self.load_state_dict(torch.load(model_path, map_location='cpu')['params_d'])
+            elif 'params' in chkpt:
+                self.load_state_dict(torch.load(model_path, map_location='cpu')['params'])
+            else:
+                raise ValueError(f'Wrong params!')
+
+    def forward(self, x):
+        return self.main(x)