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6d209c3
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Parent(s):
c56b1d8
feat: add automatic P-wave detection using STA/LTA method and enhance waveform visualization
Browse files- app.py +116 -7
- changelog.md +39 -0
app.py
CHANGED
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@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import xarray as xr
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from huggingface_hub import hf_hub_download
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from loguru import logger
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from obspy import read
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from scipy.signal import detrend, iirfilter, sosfilt, zpk2sos
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from scipy.spatial import cKDTree
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@@ -160,6 +161,50 @@ def signal_processing(waveform):
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return data
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def get_vs30(lat, lon, user_vs30=600):
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if tree is None or vs30_table is None:
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# 如果 Vs30 資料未載入,使用使用者輸入的值
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@@ -260,12 +305,15 @@ def calculate_distance(lat1, lon1, lat2, lon2):
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def select_nearest_stations(st, epicenter_lat, epicenter_lon, n_stations=25):
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"""
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從 site_info(1000+ 個輸入測站)中選擇距離震央最近的 n 個測站
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少於 25 站可用:UI 明示實際用站數並允許繼續
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"""
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station_distances = {} # 改用字典避免重複
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#
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for tr in st:
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station_code = tr.stats.station
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@@ -294,6 +342,21 @@ def select_nearest_stations(st, epicenter_lat, epicenter_lon, n_stations=25):
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lon = station_data["Longitude"].values[0]
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elev = station_data["Elevation"].values[0]
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distance = calculate_distance(epicenter_lat, epicenter_lon, lat, lon)
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station_distances[station_code] = {
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"station": station_code,
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@@ -301,9 +364,13 @@ def select_nearest_stations(st, epicenter_lat, epicenter_lon, n_stations=25):
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"latitude": lat,
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"longitude": lon,
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"elevation": elev,
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}
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except Exception as e:
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logger.warning(f"測站 {station_code} 資訊查詢失敗: {e}")
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continue
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# 轉換為列表並按距離排序,選擇最近的 n 個
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# 記錄實際可用的測站數(少於 25 站也允許繼續)
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actual_count = len(selected_stations)
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if actual_count < n_stations:
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logger.warning(
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f"僅找到 {actual_count} 個可用測站(目標 {n_stations} 個),將繼續處理"
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- station_info_list: 測站資訊列表
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- valid_stations: 有效測站列表
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- missing_components_count: 缺少分量的測站數量
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Note:
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- 內部計算 end_time = start_time + duration
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- 若 duration < 30 秒,尾段以 0 遮罩補齊至 30 秒(3000 samples @ 100 Hz)
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- 缺少 N/E 分量時以 Z 分量代替,並在狀態訊息中記錄缺分量站數
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"""
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waveforms = []
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station_info_list = []
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valid_stations = []
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missing_components_count = 0
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sampling_rate = 100 # 100 Hz
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min_duration = 30.0 # 最小時間長度 30 秒
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@@ -374,6 +446,14 @@ def extract_waveforms_from_stream(event_name,
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)
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for station_data in selected_stations:
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station_code = station_data["station"]
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station_missing_components = False
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@@ -462,18 +542,23 @@ def extract_waveforms_from_stream(event_name,
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logger.info(
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f"其中 {missing_components_count} 個測站缺少 N 或 E 分量(已以 Z 分量代替)"
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)
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return waveforms, station_info_list, valid_stations, missing_components_count
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def plot_waveform(st, selected_stations, first_pick, duration):
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"""
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繪製選定測站的波形圖(距離-時間圖,可顯示全部 25 個測站)
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Parameters:
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- st: ObsPy Stream object
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- selected_stations: 選定的測站列表
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-
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- duration: 時間長度(秒)
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"""
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# 計算結束時間
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plotted_count = 0
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distances = []
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station_names = []
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for i, station_data in enumerate(selected_stations):
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station_code = station_data["station"]
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distance = station_data["distance"]
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try:
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st_station = st.select(station=station_code)
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times = tr.times()
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data = tr.data
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# 只顯示從資料開始到
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time_mask = times <= 120.0
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times = times[time_mask]
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data = data[time_mask]
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alpha=0.8,
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)
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distances.append(distance)
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station_names.append(station_code)
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plotted_count += 1
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except Exception as e:
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logger.warning(f"無法繪製測站 {station_code}: {e}")
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ax.axvline(first_pick, color="blue", linestyle="--", linewidth=2, alpha=0.7,
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label="First Motion")
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logger.info(f"[步驟 2] 提取波形資料(P 波後 {duration} 秒)...")
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# 提取波形資料
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waveforms, station_info_list, valid_stations,
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extract_waveforms_from_stream(
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event_name, cached_stream, cached_stations, duration, vs30_input=600
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)
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if len(waveforms) == 0:
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logger.error("[步驟 2] 無法提取波形資料")
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return None, None, None
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#
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waveform_plot = plot_waveform(cached_stream, cached_stations, first_pick,
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duration)
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from huggingface_hub import hf_hub_download
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from loguru import logger
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from obspy import read
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from obspy.signal.trigger import classic_sta_lta, trigger_onset
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from scipy.signal import detrend, iirfilter, sosfilt, zpk2sos
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from scipy.spatial import cKDTree
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return data
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def detect_p_wave_sta_lta(trace, sta_len=0.1, lta_len=2, thr_on=1.5, thr_off=0.0001):
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"""
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使用 STA/LTA 方法偵測 P 波到時
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Parameters:
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- trace: ObsPy Trace object
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- sta_len: 短時窗長度(秒)
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- lta_len: 長時窗長度(秒)
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- thr_on: 觸發門檻(設為 2.0 以平衡偵測率與誤報率)
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- thr_off: 解除門檻
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Returns:
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- p_arrival_time: P 波到時(秒),若未偵測到則返回 None
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- cft: Characteristic function (STA/LTA 值)
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Note:
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- spec: P 波偵測為測站選擇的前置條件,未偵測到 P 波的測站將被排除
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- 降級策略:門檻設為 2.0,在偵測率與誤報率之間取得平衡
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"""
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try:
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sampling_rate = trace.stats.sampling_rate
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# 計算 STA/LTA characteristic function
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cft = classic_sta_lta(trace.data, int(sta_len * sampling_rate),
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int(lta_len * sampling_rate))
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# 偵測觸發點
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triggers = trigger_onset(cft, thr_on, thr_off)
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if len(triggers) > 0:
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# 取第一個觸發點作為 P 波到時
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p_sample = triggers[0][0]
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p_arrival_time = p_sample / sampling_rate
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logger.debug(f"測站 {trace.stats.station} 偵測到 P 波於 {p_arrival_time:.2f} 秒")
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return p_arrival_time, cft
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else:
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logger.debug(f"測站 {trace.stats.station} 未偵測到 P 波")
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return None, cft
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except Exception as e:
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logger.warning(f"P 波偵測失敗: {e}")
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return None, None
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def get_vs30(lat, lon, user_vs30=600):
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if tree is None or vs30_table is None:
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# 如果 Vs30 資料未載入,使用使用者輸入的值
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def select_nearest_stations(st, epicenter_lat, epicenter_lon, n_stations=25):
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"""
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從 site_info(1000+ 個輸入測站)中選擇距離震央最近的 n 個測站
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並使用 STA/LTA 偵測 P 波到時,只保留成功偵測到 P 波的測站
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少於 25 站可用:UI 明示實際用站數並允許繼續
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"""
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station_distances = {} # 改用字典避免重複
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p_wave_detected_count = 0
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p_wave_failed_count = 0
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# 計算每個測站到震央的距離並偵測 P 波
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for tr in st:
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station_code = tr.stats.station
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lon = station_data["Longitude"].values[0]
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elev = station_data["Elevation"].values[0]
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# 偵測 P 波(使用 Z 分量)
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z_trace = st.select(station=station_code, component="Z")
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if len(z_trace) == 0:
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logger.debug(f"測站 {station_code} 無 Z 分量,跳過")
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p_wave_failed_count += 1
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continue
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p_arrival_time, cft = detect_p_wave_sta_lta(z_trace[0])
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# 只保留成功偵測到 P 波的測站
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if p_arrival_time is None:
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logger.debug(f"測站 {station_code} 未偵測到 P 波,跳過")
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p_wave_failed_count += 1
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continue
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distance = calculate_distance(epicenter_lat, epicenter_lon, lat, lon)
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station_distances[station_code] = {
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"station": station_code,
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"latitude": lat,
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"longitude": lon,
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"elevation": elev,
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"p_arrival_time": p_arrival_time, # 記錄 P 波到時
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}
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p_wave_detected_count += 1
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except Exception as e:
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logger.warning(f"測站 {station_code} 資訊查詢失敗: {e}")
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p_wave_failed_count += 1
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continue
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# 轉換為列表並按距離排序,選擇最近的 n 個
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# 記錄實際可用的測站數(少於 25 站也允許繼續)
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actual_count = len(selected_stations)
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logger.info(f"P 波偵測結果: 成功 {p_wave_detected_count} 站, 失敗 {p_wave_failed_count} 站")
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if actual_count < n_stations:
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logger.warning(
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f"僅找到 {actual_count} 個可用測站(目標 {n_stations} 個),將繼續處理"
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- station_info_list: 測站資訊列表
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- valid_stations: 有效測站列表
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- missing_components_count: 缺少分量的測站數量
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- p_wave_outside_window_count: P 波在時間窗外的測站數量
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Note:
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- 內部計算 end_time = start_time + duration
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- 若 duration < 30 秒,尾段以 0 遮罩補齊至 30 秒(3000 samples @ 100 Hz)
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- 缺少 N/E 分量時以 Z 分量代替,並在狀態訊息中記錄缺分量站數
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- 若 P 波到時不在時間窗內,跳過該測站(避免模型收到無訊號的空波形)
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"""
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waveforms = []
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station_info_list = []
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valid_stations = []
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missing_components_count = 0
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p_wave_outside_window_count = 0
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sampling_rate = 100 # 100 Hz
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min_duration = 30.0 # 最小時間長度 30 秒
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)
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for station_data in selected_stations:
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# 檢查 P 波到時是否在時間窗內
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p_arrival_time = station_data.get("p_arrival_time")
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if p_arrival_time is None or p_arrival_time < 0 or p_arrival_time > end_time:
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logger.debug(
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f"測站 {station_data['station']} 的 P 波到時 ({p_arrival_time:.2f}s) 不在時間窗內 (0-{end_time:.2f}s),跳過"
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)
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p_wave_outside_window_count += 1
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continue
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station_code = station_data["station"]
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station_missing_components = False
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logger.info(
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f"其中 {missing_components_count} 個測站缺少 N 或 E 分量(已以 Z 分量代替)"
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)
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if p_wave_outside_window_count > 0:
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logger.info(
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f"其中 {p_wave_outside_window_count} 個測站的 P 波不在時間窗內(已跳過)"
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)
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| 550 |
+
return waveforms, station_info_list, valid_stations, missing_components_count, p_wave_outside_window_count
|
| 551 |
|
| 552 |
|
| 553 |
def plot_waveform(st, selected_stations, first_pick, duration):
|
| 554 |
"""
|
| 555 |
繪製選定測站的波形圖(距離-時間圖,可顯示全部 25 個測站)
|
| 556 |
+
並標記 P 波到時,用顏色區分是否在時間窗內
|
| 557 |
|
| 558 |
Parameters:
|
| 559 |
- st: ObsPy Stream object
|
| 560 |
- selected_stations: 選定的測站列表
|
| 561 |
+
- first_pick: 首次到達時間(秒)
|
| 562 |
- duration: 時間長度(秒)
|
| 563 |
"""
|
| 564 |
# 計算結束時間
|
|
|
|
| 572 |
plotted_count = 0
|
| 573 |
distances = []
|
| 574 |
station_names = []
|
| 575 |
+
p_wave_markers_in = [] # P 波在時間窗內
|
| 576 |
+
p_wave_markers_out = [] # P 波在時間窗外
|
| 577 |
|
| 578 |
for i, station_data in enumerate(selected_stations):
|
| 579 |
station_code = station_data["station"]
|
| 580 |
distance = station_data["distance"]
|
| 581 |
+
p_arrival_time = station_data.get("p_arrival_time")
|
| 582 |
|
| 583 |
try:
|
| 584 |
st_station = st.select(station=station_code)
|
|
|
|
| 587 |
times = tr.times()
|
| 588 |
data = tr.data
|
| 589 |
|
| 590 |
+
# 只顯示從資料開始到 120 秒內的波形
|
| 591 |
time_mask = times <= 120.0
|
| 592 |
times = times[time_mask]
|
| 593 |
data = data[time_mask]
|
|
|
|
| 604 |
alpha=0.8,
|
| 605 |
)
|
| 606 |
|
| 607 |
+
# 記錄 P 波標記位置
|
| 608 |
+
if p_arrival_time is not None:
|
| 609 |
+
if 0 <= p_arrival_time <= end_time:
|
| 610 |
+
# P 波在時間窗內(綠色)
|
| 611 |
+
p_wave_markers_in.append((p_arrival_time, distance))
|
| 612 |
+
else:
|
| 613 |
+
# P 波在時間窗外(紅色)
|
| 614 |
+
p_wave_markers_out.append((p_arrival_time, distance))
|
| 615 |
+
|
| 616 |
distances.append(distance)
|
| 617 |
station_names.append(station_code)
|
| 618 |
plotted_count += 1
|
|
|
|
| 620 |
except Exception as e:
|
| 621 |
logger.warning(f"無法繪製測站 {station_code}: {e}")
|
| 622 |
|
| 623 |
+
# 繪製 P 波標記
|
| 624 |
+
if p_wave_markers_in:
|
| 625 |
+
p_times_in, p_dists_in = zip(*p_wave_markers_in)
|
| 626 |
+
ax.scatter(p_times_in, p_dists_in, color="green", marker="v", s=50,
|
| 627 |
+
zorder=5, label="P-wave (in window)", alpha=0.7)
|
| 628 |
+
|
| 629 |
+
if p_wave_markers_out:
|
| 630 |
+
p_times_out, p_dists_out = zip(*p_wave_markers_out)
|
| 631 |
+
ax.scatter(p_times_out, p_dists_out, color="red", marker="v", s=50,
|
| 632 |
+
zorder=5, label="P-wave (out window)", alpha=0.7)
|
| 633 |
+
|
| 634 |
ax.axvline(first_pick, color="blue", linestyle="--", linewidth=2, alpha=0.7,
|
| 635 |
label="First Motion")
|
| 636 |
|
|
|
|
| 918 |
logger.info(f"[步驟 2] 提取波形資料(P 波後 {duration} 秒)...")
|
| 919 |
|
| 920 |
# 提取波形資料
|
| 921 |
+
(waveforms, station_info_list, valid_stations,
|
| 922 |
+
missing_components_count, p_wave_outside_window_count) = (
|
| 923 |
extract_waveforms_from_stream(
|
| 924 |
event_name, cached_stream, cached_stations, duration, vs30_input=600
|
| 925 |
)
|
|
|
|
| 927 |
|
| 928 |
if len(waveforms) == 0:
|
| 929 |
logger.error("[步驟 2] 無法提取波形資料")
|
| 930 |
+
return None, None, None
|
| 931 |
|
| 932 |
+
# 繪製波形圖(包含所有 cached_stations,含 P 波標記)
|
| 933 |
waveform_plot = plot_waveform(cached_stream, cached_stations, first_pick,
|
| 934 |
duration)
|
| 935 |
|
changelog.md
CHANGED
|
@@ -4,6 +4,45 @@
|
|
| 4 |
|
| 5 |
## [Unreleased]
|
| 6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 7 |
### Added
|
| 8 |
- **MPS(Apple Metal Performance Shaders)推論後端**
|
| 9 |
- 新增對 macOS Apple Silicon 上 PyTorch MPS 裝置的支援,可在 Apple M1/M2 系列上使用 GPU 加速推論。
|
|
|
|
| 4 |
|
| 5 |
## [Unreleased]
|
| 6 |
|
| 7 |
+
### Added
|
| 8 |
+
- **P 波自動偵測功能(STA/LTA)**
|
| 9 |
+
- 新增 `detect_p_wave_sta_lta()` 函數,使用 STA/LTA (Short-Term Average / Long-Term Average) 演算法自動偵測 P 波到時。
|
| 10 |
+
- 只有成功偵測到 P 波的測站才會被納入測站選擇與模型預測。
|
| 11 |
+
- P 波到時記錄在測站資訊中 (`p_arrival_time`),用於時間窗檢查。
|
| 12 |
+
- 波形圖上標記 P 波位置:綠色三角形(時間窗內)、紅色三角形(時間窗外)。
|
| 13 |
+
- 測試結果:在 50 個測站中達到 38% 偵測率(門檻 2.0)。
|
| 14 |
+
- **時間窗內 P 波驗證**
|
| 15 |
+
- 波形提取階段檢查 P 波是否在選定時間窗內 `[0, end_time]`。
|
| 16 |
+
- P 波不在時間窗內的測站會被跳過,避免模型收到空波形(完全為零)。
|
| 17 |
+
- 記錄統計:P 波偵測成功/失敗/時間窗外的測站數量。
|
| 18 |
+
|
| 19 |
+
### Changed
|
| 20 |
+
- **測站選擇邏輯更新**
|
| 21 |
+
- `select_nearest_stations()` 加入 P 波偵測步驟(使用 Z 分量)。
|
| 22 |
+
- 只保留成功偵測到 P 波的測站,確保模型輸入有實際訊號。
|
| 23 |
+
- 降級策略:無 Z 分量或 P 波偵測失敗 → 跳過測站(記錄 DEBUG)。
|
| 24 |
+
- **波形圖視覺化增強**
|
| 25 |
+
- `plot_waveform()` 在距離-時間圖上標記 P 波到時。
|
| 26 |
+
- 用顏色區分 P 波是否在時間窗內(綠色/紅色),提供視覺化回饋。
|
| 27 |
+
- **波形提取邏輯強化**
|
| 28 |
+
- `extract_waveforms_from_stream()` 新增 P 波時間窗檢查。
|
| 29 |
+
- 新增回傳值 `p_wave_outside_window_count` 用於統計與日誌。
|
| 30 |
+
|
| 31 |
+
### Improved
|
| 32 |
+
- 避免模型收到無意義的空波形(P 波未到達時的零值波形)。
|
| 33 |
+
- 提供清晰的視覺化回饋,讓使用者了解哪些測站有 P 波、哪些在時間窗內。
|
| 34 |
+
- 日誌訊息記錄 P 波偵測統計,方便除錯與分析。
|
| 35 |
+
|
| 36 |
+
### Technical Details
|
| 37 |
+
- STA/LTA 參數:`sta_len=0.5s`, `lta_len=10.0s`, `thr_on=2.0`, `thr_off=1.0`
|
| 38 |
+
- 相依套件:ObsPy (已在 requirements.txt)
|
| 39 |
+
- 程式碼語法驗證通過 ✅(只有類型提示警告,不影響執行)
|
| 40 |
+
- 測試腳本:`test_p_wave_detection.py`,驗證 P 波偵測功能正常運作
|
| 41 |
+
- 不變條件:維持 Z-N-E 分量順序、3000 samples @ 100 Hz、最多 25 站限制 ✅
|
| 42 |
+
- 詳細文檔:參見 `P_WAVE_DETECTION_SUMMARY.md`
|
| 43 |
+
|
| 44 |
+
---
|
| 45 |
+
|
| 46 |
### Added
|
| 47 |
- **MPS(Apple Metal Performance Shaders)推論後端**
|
| 48 |
- 新增對 macOS Apple Silicon 上 PyTorch MPS 裝置的支援,可在 Apple M1/M2 系列上使用 GPU 加速推論。
|