# smartheal_ai_processor.py
# Verbose, instrumented version — preserves public class/function names
# Turn on deep logging: export LOGLEVEL=DEBUG SMARTHEAL_DEBUG=1

import os
import time
import logging
from datetime import datetime
from typing import Optional, Dict, List, Tuple

# ---- Environment defaults ----
os.environ.setdefault("TOKENIZERS_PARALLELISM", "false")
os.environ.setdefault("CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES", "")
LOGLEVEL = os.getenv("LOGLEVEL", "INFO").upper()
SMARTHEAL_DEBUG = os.getenv("SMARTHEAL_DEBUG", "0") == "1"

import cv2
import numpy as np
from PIL import Image
from PIL.ExifTags import TAGS

# --- Logging config ---
logging.basicConfig(
    level=getattr(logging, LOGLEVEL, logging.INFO),
    format="%(asctime)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s",
)

def _log_kv(prefix: str, kv: Dict):
    logging.debug(prefix + " | " + " | ".join(f"{k}={v}" for k, v in kv.items()))

# --- Optional Spaces GPU stub (harmless) ---
try:
    import spaces as _spaces
    @_spaces.GPU(enable_queue=False)
    def smartheal_gpu_stub(ping: int = 0) -> str:
        return "ready"
    logging.info("Registered @spaces.GPU stub (enable_queue=False).")
except Exception:
    pass

UPLOADS_DIR = "uploads"
os.makedirs(UPLOADS_DIR, exist_ok=True)

HF_TOKEN = os.getenv("HF_TOKEN", None)
YOLO_MODEL_PATH = "src/best.pt"
SEG_MODEL_PATH = "src/segmentation_model.h5"   # optional
GUIDELINE_PDFS = ["src/eHealth in Wound Care.pdf", "src/IWGDF Guideline.pdf", "src/evaluation.pdf"]
DATASET_ID = "SmartHeal/wound-image-uploads"
DEFAULT_PX_PER_CM = 38.0
PX_PER_CM_MIN, PX_PER_CM_MAX = 5.0, 1200.0

# Segmentation preprocessing knobs
SEG_EXPECTS_RGB = os.getenv("SEG_EXPECTS_RGB", "1") == "1"  # most TF models trained on RGB
SEG_NORM = os.getenv("SEG_NORM", "0to1")                    # "0to1" | "imagenet"
SEG_THRESH = float(os.getenv("SEG_THRESH", "0.5"))

models_cache: Dict[str, object] = {}
knowledge_base_cache: Dict[str, object] = {}

# ---------- Lazy imports ----------
def _import_ultralytics():
    from ultralytics import YOLO
    return YOLO

def _import_tf_loader():
    import tensorflow as tf
    try:
        tf.config.set_visible_devices([], "GPU")  # keep TF on CPU
    except Exception:
        pass
    from tensorflow.keras.models import load_model
    return load_model

def _import_hf_cls():
    from transformers import pipeline
    return pipeline

def _import_embeddings():
    from langchain_community.embeddings import HuggingFaceEmbeddings
    return HuggingFaceEmbeddings

def _import_langchain_pdf():
    from langchain_community.document_loaders import PyPDFLoader
    return PyPDFLoader

def _import_langchain_faiss():
    from langchain_community.vectorstores import FAISS
    return FAISS

def _import_hf_hub():
    from huggingface_hub import HfApi, HfFolder
    return HfApi, HfFolder

# ---------- VLM (disabled by default) ----------
def generate_medgemma_report(
    patient_info: str,
    visual_results: Dict,
    guideline_context: str,
    image_pil: Image.Image,
    max_new_tokens: Optional[int] = None,
) -> str:
    if os.getenv("SMARTHEAL_ENABLE_VLM", "0") != "1":
        return "⚠️ VLM disabled"
    try:
        from transformers import pipeline
        pipe = pipeline(
            task="image-text-to-text",
            model="google/medgemma-4b-it",
            device_map=None,
            token=HF_TOKEN,
            trust_remote_code=True,
            model_kwargs={"low_cpu_mem_usage": True},
        )
        prompt = (
            "You are a medical AI assistant. Analyze this wound image and patient data.\n\n"
            f"Patient: {patient_info}\n"
            f"Wound: {visual_results.get('wound_type', 'Unknown')} - "
            f"{visual_results.get('length_cm', 0)}×{visual_results.get('breadth_cm', 0)} cm\n\n"
            "Provide a structured report with:\n"
            "1. Clinical Summary\n2. Treatment Recommendations\n3. Risk Assessment\n4. Monitoring Plan\n"
        )
        messages = [{"role": "user", "content": [
            {"type": "image", "image": image_pil},
            {"type": "text",  "text": prompt},
        ]}]
        out = pipe(text=messages, max_new_tokens=max_new_tokens or 600, do_sample=False, temperature=0.7)
        if out and len(out) > 0:
            try:
                return out[0]["generated_text"][-1].get("content", "").strip() or "⚠️ Empty response"
            except Exception:
                return (out[0].get("generated_text", "") or "").strip() or "⚠️ Empty response"
        return "⚠️ No output generated"
    except Exception as e:
        logging.error(f"❌ MedGemma generation error: {e}")
        return "⚠️ VLM error"

# ---------- Initialize CPU models ----------
def load_yolo_model():
    YOLO = _import_ultralytics()
    return YOLO(YOLO_MODEL_PATH)

def load_segmentation_model():
    load_model = _import_tf_loader()
    return load_model(SEG_MODEL_PATH, compile=False)

def load_classification_pipeline():
    pipe = _import_hf_cls()
    return pipe("image-classification", model="Hemg/Wound-classification", token=HF_TOKEN, device="cpu")

def load_embedding_model():
    Emb = _import_embeddings()
    return Emb(model_name="sentence-transformers/all-MiniLM-L6-v2", model_kwargs={"device": "cpu"})

def initialize_cpu_models() -> None:
    if HF_TOKEN:
        try:
            HfApi, HfFolder = _import_hf_hub()
            HfFolder.save_token(HF_TOKEN)
            logging.info("✅ HF token set")
        except Exception as e:
            logging.warning(f"HF token save failed: {e}")

    if "det" not in models_cache:
        try:
            models_cache["det"] = load_yolo_model()
            logging.info("✅ YOLO loaded (CPU)")
        except Exception as e:
            logging.error(f"YOLO load failed: {e}")

    if "seg" not in models_cache:
        try:
            if os.path.exists(SEG_MODEL_PATH):
                models_cache["seg"] = load_segmentation_model()
                m = models_cache["seg"]
                ishape = getattr(m, "input_shape", None)
                oshape = getattr(m, "output_shape", None)
                logging.info(f"✅ Segmentation model loaded (CPU) | input_shape={ishape} output_shape={oshape}")
            else:
                models_cache["seg"] = None
                logging.warning("Segmentation model file missing; skipping.")
        except Exception as e:
            models_cache["seg"] = None
            logging.warning(f"Segmentation unavailable: {e}")

    if "cls" not in models_cache:
        try:
            models_cache["cls"] = load_classification_pipeline()
            logging.info("✅ Classifier loaded (CPU)")
        except Exception as e:
            models_cache["cls"] = None
            logging.warning(f"Classifier unavailable: {e}")

    if "embedding_model" not in models_cache:
        try:
            models_cache["embedding_model"] = load_embedding_model()
            logging.info("✅ Embeddings loaded (CPU)")
        except Exception as e:
            models_cache["embedding_model"] = None
            logging.warning(f"Embeddings unavailable: {e}")

def setup_knowledge_base() -> None:
    if "vector_store" in knowledge_base_cache:
        return
    docs: List = []
    try:
        PyPDFLoader = _import_langchain_pdf()
        for pdf in GUIDELINE_PDFS:
            if os.path.exists(pdf):
                try:
                    docs.extend(PyPDFLoader(pdf).load())
                    logging.info(f"Loaded PDF: {pdf}")
                except Exception as e:
                    logging.warning(f"PDF load failed ({pdf}): {e}")
    except Exception as e:
        logging.warning(f"LangChain PDF loader unavailable: {e}")

    if docs and models_cache.get("embedding_model"):
        try:
            from langchain.text_splitter import RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
            FAISS = _import_langchain_faiss()
            chunks = RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter(chunk_size=1000, chunk_overlap=100).split_documents(docs)
            knowledge_base_cache["vector_store"] = FAISS.from_documents(chunks, models_cache["embedding_model"])
            logging.info(f"✅ Knowledge base ready ({len(chunks)} chunks)")
        except Exception as e:
            knowledge_base_cache["vector_store"] = None
            logging.warning(f"KB build failed: {e}")
    else:
        knowledge_base_cache["vector_store"] = None
        logging.warning("KB disabled (no docs or embeddings).")

initialize_cpu_models()
setup_knowledge_base()

# ---------- Calibration helpers ----------
def _exif_to_dict(pil_img: Image.Image) -> Dict[str, object]:
    out = {}
    try:
        exif = pil_img.getexif()
        if not exif:
            return out
        for k, v in exif.items():
            tag = TAGS.get(k, k)
            out[tag] = v
    except Exception:
        pass
    return out

def _to_float(val) -> Optional[float]:
    try:
        if val is None:
            return None
        if isinstance(val, tuple) and len(val) == 2:
            num, den = float(val[0]), float(val[1]) if float(val[1]) != 0 else 1.0
            return num / den
        return float(val)
    except Exception:
        return None

def _estimate_sensor_width_mm(f_mm: Optional[float], f35: Optional[float]) -> Optional[float]:
    if f_mm and f35 and f35 > 0:
        return 36.0 * f_mm / f35
    return None

def estimate_px_per_cm_from_exif(pil_img: Image.Image, default_px_per_cm: float = DEFAULT_PX_PER_CM) -> Tuple[float, Dict]:
    meta = {"used": "default", "f_mm": None, "f35": None, "sensor_w_mm": None, "distance_m": None}
    try:
        exif = _exif_to_dict(pil_img)
        f_mm = _to_float(exif.get("FocalLength"))
        f35 = _to_float(exif.get("FocalLengthIn35mmFilm") or exif.get("FocalLengthIn35mm"))
        subj_dist_m = _to_float(exif.get("SubjectDistance"))
        sensor_w_mm = _estimate_sensor_width_mm(f_mm, f35)
        meta.update({"f_mm": f_mm, "f35": f35, "sensor_w_mm": sensor_w_mm, "distance_m": subj_dist_m})

        if f_mm and sensor_w_mm and subj_dist_m and subj_dist_m > 0:
            w_px = pil_img.width
            field_w_mm = sensor_w_mm * (subj_dist_m * 1000.0) / f_mm
            field_w_cm = field_w_mm / 10.0
            px_per_cm = w_px / max(field_w_cm, 1e-6)
            px_per_cm = float(np.clip(px_per_cm, PX_PER_CM_MIN, PX_PER_CM_MAX))
            meta["used"] = "exif"
            return px_per_cm, meta
        return float(default_px_per_cm), meta
    except Exception:
        return float(default_px_per_cm), meta

# ---------- Segmentation helpers ----------
def _imagenet_norm(arr: np.ndarray) -> np.ndarray:
    # expects RGB 0..255 -> float
    mean = np.array([123.675, 116.28, 103.53], dtype=np.float32)
    std  = np.array([58.395, 57.12, 57.375], dtype=np.float32)
    return (arr.astype(np.float32) - mean) / std

def _preprocess_for_seg(bgr_roi: np.ndarray, target_hw: Tuple[int, int]) -> np.ndarray:
    H, W = target_hw
    resized = cv2.resize(bgr_roi, (W, H), interpolation=cv2.INTER_LINEAR)
    if SEG_EXPECTS_RGB:
        resized = cv2.cvtColor(resized, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB)
    if SEG_NORM.lower() == "imagenet":
        x = _imagenet_norm(resized)
    else:
        x = resized.astype(np.float32) / 255.0
    x = np.expand_dims(x, axis=0)  # (1,H,W,3)
    return x

def _to_prob(pred: np.ndarray) -> np.ndarray:
    p = np.squeeze(pred)
    pmin, pmax = float(p.min()), float(p.max())
    if pmax > 1.0 or pmin < 0.0:
        p = 1.0 / (1.0 + np.exp(-p))
    return p.astype(np.float32)

# ---- Robust mask post-processing (for "proper" masking) ----
def _fill_holes(mask01: np.ndarray) -> np.ndarray:
    # Flood-fill from border, then invert
    h, w = mask01.shape[:2]
    ff = np.zeros((h + 2, w + 2), np.uint8)
    m = (mask01 * 255).astype(np.uint8).copy()
    cv2.floodFill(m, ff, (0, 0), 255)
    m_inv = cv2.bitwise_not(m)
    # Combine original with filled holes
    out = ((mask01 * 255) | m_inv) // 255
    return out.astype(np.uint8)

# Global last debug dict (per-process) to attach into results
_last_seg_debug: Dict[str, object] = {}

def segment_wound(image_bgr: np.ndarray, ts: str, out_dir: str) -> Tuple[np.ndarray, Dict[str, object]]:
    """
    Attempts TF segmentation first; falls back to KMeans if needed.
    Returns (mask_uint8_0_255, debug_dict)
    """
    global _last_seg_debug
    _last_seg_debug = {}

    seg_model = models_cache.get("seg", None)
    used = "fallback_kmeans"
    reason = "no_model"
    heatmap_path = None
    saw_roi_path = None

    if seg_model is not None:
        try:
            ishape = getattr(seg_model, "input_shape", None)
            if not ishape or len(ishape) < 4:
                raise ValueError(f"Bad seg input_shape: {ishape}")
            th, tw = int(ishape[1]), int(ishape[2])
            x = _preprocess_for_seg(image_bgr, (th, tw))
            saw_roi = (cv2.cvtColor(image_bgr, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB) if SEG_EXPECTS_RGB else image_bgr)
            if SMARTHEAL_DEBUG:
                saw_roi_path = os.path.join(out_dir, f"roi_for_seg_{ts}.png")
                cv2.imwrite(saw_roi_path, (cv2.cvtColor(saw_roi, cv2.COLOR_RGB2BGR) if SEG_EXPECTS_RGB else saw_roi))

            # Inference
            pred = seg_model.predict(x, verbose=0)
            if isinstance(pred, (list, tuple)):
                pred = pred[0]
            p = _to_prob(pred)  # HxW
            p = cv2.resize(p, (image_bgr.shape[1], image_bgr.shape[0]))  # back to ROI size

            # Debug stats
            pmin, pmax, pmean = float(p.min()), float(p.max()), float(p.mean())
            _log_kv("SEG_PROB_STATS", {"min": pmin, "max": pmax, "mean": pmean})

            if SMARTHEAL_DEBUG:
                hm = (np.clip(p, 0, 1) * 255).astype(np.uint8)
                heat = cv2.applyColorMap(hm, cv2.COLORMAP_JET)
                heatmap_path = os.path.join(out_dir, f"seg_pred_heatmap_{ts}.png")
                cv2.imwrite(heatmap_path, heat)

            # Threshold
            thr = SEG_THRESH
            mask = (p >= thr).astype(np.uint8)  # 0/1
            pos = int(mask.sum())
            frac = pos / float(mask.size)
            logging.info(f"SegModel USED | thr={thr} pos_px={pos} pos_frac={frac:.4f} ex_rgb={SEG_EXPECTS_RGB} norm={SEG_NORM}")

            used = "tf_model"
            reason = "ok"

            _last_seg_debug = {
                "used": used,
                "reason": reason,
                "input_shape": ishape,
                "prob_min": pmin, "prob_max": pmax, "prob_mean": pmean,
                "threshold": thr,
                "positive_fraction": frac,
                "heatmap_path": heatmap_path,
                "roi_seen_by_model": saw_roi_path,
            }
            return (mask * 255).astype(np.uint8), _last_seg_debug

        except Exception as e:
            reason = f"model_failed: {e}"
            logging.warning(f"⚠️ Segmentation model prediction failed → fallback. Reason: {e}")

    # --- Fallback: KMeans (k=2), pick 'reddest' cluster in Lab a* ---
    Z = image_bgr.reshape((-1, 3)).astype(np.float32)
    criteria = (cv2.TERM_CRITERIA_EPS + cv2.TERM_CRITERIA_MAX_ITER, 10, 1.0)
    _, labels, centers = cv2.kmeans(Z, 2, None, criteria, 5, cv2.KMEANS_PP_CENTERS)
    centers_u8 = centers.astype(np.uint8).reshape(1, 2, 3)
    centers_lab = cv2.cvtColor(centers_u8, cv2.COLOR_BGR2LAB)[0]
    wound_idx = int(np.argmax(centers_lab[:, 1]))  # maximize a* (redness)
    mask = (labels.reshape(image_bgr.shape[:2]) == wound_idx).astype(np.uint8)

    pos = int(mask.sum()); frac = pos / float(mask.size)
    logging.info(f"KMeans USED | pos_px={pos} pos_frac={frac:.4f}")

    _last_seg_debug = {
        "used": used,
        "reason": reason,
        "kmeans_centers_bgr": centers.tolist(),
        "kmeans_centers_lab": centers_lab.astype(float).tolist(),
        "positive_fraction": frac,
        "heatmap_path": heatmap_path,
        "roi_seen_by_model": saw_roi_path,
    }
    return (mask * 255).astype(np.uint8), _last_seg_debug

# ---------- Measurement + overlay helpers ----------
def largest_component_mask(binary01: np.ndarray, min_area_px: int = 50) -> np.ndarray:
    num, labels, stats, _ = cv2.connectedComponentsWithStats(binary01.astype(np.uint8), connectivity=8)
    if num <= 1:
        return binary01.astype(np.uint8)
    areas = stats[1:, cv2.CC_STAT_AREA]
    if areas.size == 0 or areas.max() < min_area_px:
        return binary01.astype(np.uint8)
    largest_idx = 1 + int(np.argmax(areas))
    return (labels == largest_idx).astype(np.uint8)

def _clean_mask(mask01: np.ndarray) -> np.ndarray:
    """Open→Close→Fill holes→Largest component."""
    if mask01.dtype != np.uint8:
        mask01 = mask01.astype(np.uint8)
    k = np.ones((3, 3), np.uint8)
    mask01 = cv2.morphologyEx(mask01, cv2.MORPH_OPEN, k, iterations=1)
    mask01 = cv2.morphologyEx(mask01, cv2.MORPH_CLOSE, k, iterations=2)
    mask01 = _fill_holes(mask01)
    mask01 = largest_component_mask(mask01, min_area_px=30)
    return (mask01 > 0).astype(np.uint8)

def measure_min_area_rect(mask01: np.ndarray, px_per_cm: float) -> Tuple[float, float, Tuple]:
    contours, _ = cv2.findContours(mask01.astype(np.uint8), cv2.RETR_EXTERNAL, cv2.CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE)
    if not contours:
        return 0.0, 0.0, (None, None)
    cnt = max(contours, key=cv2.contourArea)
    rect = cv2.minAreaRect(cnt)
    (w_px, h_px) = rect[1]
    length_px, breadth_px = (max(w_px, h_px), min(w_px, h_px))
    length_cm = round(length_px / max(px_per_cm, 1e-6), 2)
    breadth_cm = round(breadth_px / max(px_per_cm, 1e-6), 2)
    box = cv2.boxPoints(rect).astype(int)
    return length_cm, breadth_cm, (box, rect[0])

def count_area_cm2(mask01: np.ndarray, px_per_cm: float) -> float:
    px_count = float(mask01.astype(bool).sum())
    return round(px_count / (max(px_per_cm, 1e-6) ** 2), 2)

def draw_measurement_overlay(
    base_bgr: np.ndarray,
    mask01: np.ndarray,
    rect_box: np.ndarray,
    length_cm: float,
    breadth_cm: float,
    thickness: int = 2
) -> np.ndarray:
    """
    Draws:
      1) Strong red mask overlay with white contour.
      2) Min-area rectangle.
      3) Two double-headed arrows:
           - 'Length' along the longer side.
           - 'Width'  along the shorter side.
    """
    overlay = base_bgr.copy()

    # --- Strong overlay from mask (tinted red where mask==1) ---
    mask255 = (mask01 * 255).astype(np.uint8)
    mask3 = cv2.merge([mask255, mask255, mask255])
    red = np.zeros_like(overlay); red[:] = (0, 0, 255)
    alpha = 0.55
    tinted = cv2.addWeighted(overlay, 1 - alpha, red, alpha, 0)
    overlay = np.where(mask3 > 0, tinted, overlay)

    # Draw wound contour
    cnts, _ = cv2.findContours(mask255, cv2.RETR_EXTERNAL, cv2.CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE)
    if cnts:
        cv2.drawContours(overlay, cnts, -1, (255, 255, 255), 2)

    if rect_box is not None:
        cv2.polylines(overlay, [rect_box], True, (255, 255, 255), thickness)
        pts = rect_box.reshape(-1, 2)

        def midpoint(a, b):
            return (int((a[0] + b[0]) / 2), int((a[1] + b[1]) / 2))

        # Edge lengths
        e = [np.linalg.norm(pts[i] - pts[(i + 1) % 4]) for i in range(4)]
        long_edge_idx = int(np.argmax(e))
        short_edge_idx = (long_edge_idx + 1) % 2  # 0/1 map for pairs below

        # Midpoints of opposite edges for arrows
        mids = [midpoint(pts[i], pts[(i + 1) % 4]) for i in range(4)]
        # Long side uses edges long_edge_idx and the opposite edge (i+2)
        long_pair = (long_edge_idx, (long_edge_idx + 2) % 4)
        # Short side uses the other pair
        short_pair = ((long_edge_idx + 1) % 4, (long_edge_idx + 3) % 4)

        def draw_double_arrow(img, p1, p2):
            cv2.arrowedLine(img, p1, p2, (0, 0, 0), thickness + 2, tipLength=0.05)
            cv2.arrowedLine(img, p2, p1, (0, 0, 0), thickness + 2, tipLength=0.05)
            cv2.arrowedLine(img, p1, p2, (255, 255, 255), thickness, tipLength=0.05)
            cv2.arrowedLine(img, p2, p1, (255, 255, 255), thickness, tipLength=0.05)

        def put_label(text, anchor):
            org = (anchor[0] + 6, anchor[1] - 6)
            cv2.putText(overlay, text, org, cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX, 0.7, (0, 0, 0), 4, cv2.LINE_AA)
            cv2.putText(overlay, text, org, cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX, 0.7, (255, 255, 255), 2, cv2.LINE_AA)

        # Draw arrows and labels
        draw_double_arrow(overlay, mids[long_pair[0]], mids[long_pair[1]])
        draw_double_arrow(overlay, mids[short_pair[0]], mids[short_pair[1]])
        put_label(f"Length: {length_cm:.2f} cm", mids[long_pair[0]])
        put_label(f"Width:  {breadth_cm:.2f} cm", mids[short_pair[0]])

    return overlay

# ---------- AI PROCESSOR ----------
class AIProcessor:
    def __init__(self):
        self.models_cache = models_cache
        self.knowledge_base_cache = knowledge_base_cache
        self.uploads_dir = UPLOADS_DIR
        self.dataset_id = DATASET_ID
        self.hf_token = HF_TOKEN

    def _ensure_analysis_dir(self) -> str:
        out_dir = os.path.join(self.uploads_dir, "analysis")
        os.makedirs(out_dir, exist_ok=True)
        return out_dir

    def perform_visual_analysis(self, image_pil: Image.Image) -> Dict:
        """
        YOLO detect → crop ROI → segment_wound(ROI) → clean mask →
        minAreaRect measurement (cm) using EXIF px/cm → save outputs.
        """
        try:
            px_per_cm, exif_meta = estimate_px_per_cm_from_exif(image_pil, DEFAULT_PX_PER_CM)
            image_cv = cv2.cvtColor(np.array(image_pil.convert("RGB")), cv2.COLOR_RGB2BGR)

            # --- Detection ---
            det_model = self.models_cache.get("det")
            if det_model is None:
                raise RuntimeError("YOLO model not loaded")
            results = det_model.predict(image_cv, verbose=False, device="cpu")
            if (not results) or (not getattr(results[0], "boxes", None)) or (len(results[0].boxes) == 0):
                try:
                    import gradio as gr
                    raise gr.Error("No wound could be detected.")
                except Exception:
                    raise RuntimeError("No wound could be detected.")

            box = results[0].boxes[0].xyxy[0].cpu().numpy().astype(int)
            x1, y1, x2, y2 = [int(v) for v in box]
            x1, y1 = max(0, x1), max(0, y1)
            x2, y2 = min(image_cv.shape[1], x2), min(image_cv.shape[0], y2)
            roi = image_cv[y1:y2, x1:x2].copy()
            if roi.size == 0:
                try:
                    import gradio as gr
                    raise gr.Error("Detected ROI is empty.")
                except Exception:
                    raise RuntimeError("Detected ROI is empty.")

            out_dir = self._ensure_analysis_dir()
            ts = datetime.now().strftime("%Y%m%d_%H%M%S")

            # --- Segmentation (model-first + KMeans fallback) ---
            mask_u8_255, seg_debug = segment_wound(roi, ts, out_dir)
            mask01 = (mask_u8_255 > 127).astype(np.uint8)

            # Robust post-processing to ensure "proper" masking
            if mask01.any():
                mask01 = _clean_mask(mask01)
                logging.debug(f"Mask postproc: px_after={int(mask01.sum())}")

            # --- Measurement ---
            if mask01.any():
                length_cm, breadth_cm, (box_pts, _) = measure_min_area_rect(mask01, px_per_cm)
                surface_area_cm2 = count_area_cm2(mask01, px_per_cm)
                # Final annotated ROI with mask + arrows + labels
                anno_roi = draw_measurement_overlay(roi, mask01, box_pts, length_cm, breadth_cm)
                segmentation_empty = False
            else:
                # Graceful fallback if seg failed: use ROI box as bounds
                h_px = max(0, y2 - y1); w_px = max(0, x2 - x1)
                length_cm = round(max(h_px, w_px) / px_per_cm, 2)
                breadth_cm = round(min(h_px, w_px) / px_per_cm, 2)
                surface_area_cm2 = round((h_px * w_px) / (px_per_cm ** 2), 2)
                anno_roi = roi.copy()
                cv2.rectangle(anno_roi, (2, 2), (anno_roi.shape[1]-3, anno_roi.shape[0]-3), (0, 0, 255), 3)
                cv2.line(anno_roi, (0, 0), (anno_roi.shape[1]-1, anno_roi.shape[0]-1), (0, 0, 255), 2)
                cv2.line(anno_roi, (anno_roi.shape[1]-1, 0), (0, anno_roi.shape[0]-1), (0, 0, 255), 2)
                box_pts = None
                segmentation_empty = True

            # --- Save visualizations ---
            original_path = os.path.join(out_dir, f"original_{ts}.png")
            cv2.imwrite(original_path, image_cv)

            det_vis = image_cv.copy()
            cv2.rectangle(det_vis, (x1, y1), (x2, y2), (0, 255, 0), 2)
            detection_path = os.path.join(out_dir, f"detection_{ts}.png")
            cv2.imwrite(detection_path, det_vis)

            roi_mask_path = os.path.join(out_dir, f"roi_mask_{ts}.png")
            cv2.imwrite(roi_mask_path, (mask01 * 255).astype(np.uint8))

            # ROI overlay (clear mask w/ white contour, no arrows)
            mask255 = (mask01 * 255).astype(np.uint8)
            mask3   = cv2.merge([mask255, mask255, mask255])
            red     = np.zeros_like(roi); red[:] = (0, 0, 255)
            alpha   = 0.55
            tinted  = cv2.addWeighted(roi, 1 - alpha, red, alpha, 0)
            if mask255.any():
                roi_overlay = np.where(mask3 > 0, tinted, roi)
                cnts, _ = cv2.findContours(mask255, cv2.RETR_EXTERNAL, cv2.CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE)
                cv2.drawContours(roi_overlay, cnts, -1, (255, 255, 255), 2)
            else:
                roi_overlay = anno_roi

            seg_full = image_cv.copy()
            seg_full[y1:y2, x1:x2] = roi_overlay
            segmentation_path = os.path.join(out_dir, f"segmentation_{ts}.png")
            cv2.imwrite(segmentation_path, seg_full)

            segmentation_roi_path = os.path.join(out_dir, f"segmentation_roi_{ts}.png")
            cv2.imwrite(segmentation_roi_path, roi_overlay)

            # Annotated (mask + arrows + labels) in full-frame
            anno_full = image_cv.copy()
            anno_full[y1:y2, x1:x2] = anno_roi
            annotated_seg_path = os.path.join(out_dir, f"segmentation_annotated_{ts}.png")
            cv2.imwrite(annotated_seg_path, anno_full)

            # --- Optional classification ---
            wound_type = "Unknown"
            cls_pipe = self.models_cache.get("cls")
            if cls_pipe is not None:
                try:
                    preds = cls_pipe(Image.fromarray(cv2.cvtColor(roi, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB)))
                    if preds:
                        wound_type = max(preds, key=lambda x: x.get("score", 0)).get("label", "Unknown")
                except Exception as e:
                    logging.warning(f"Classification failed: {e}")

            # Log end-of-seg summary
            seg_summary = {
                "seg_used": seg_debug.get("used"),
                "seg_reason": seg_debug.get("reason"),
                "positive_fraction": round(float(seg_debug.get("positive_fraction", 0.0)), 6),
                "threshold": seg_debug.get("threshold", SEG_THRESH),
                "segmentation_empty": segmentation_empty,
                "exif_px_per_cm": round(px_per_cm, 3),
            }
            _log_kv("SEG_SUMMARY", seg_summary)

            return {
                "wound_type": wound_type,
                "length_cm": length_cm,
                "breadth_cm": breadth_cm,
                "surface_area_cm2": surface_area_cm2,
                "px_per_cm": round(px_per_cm, 2),
                "calibration_meta": exif_meta,
                "detection_confidence": float(results[0].boxes.conf[0].cpu().item())
                    if getattr(results[0].boxes, "conf", None) is not None else 0.0,
                "detection_image_path": detection_path,
                "segmentation_image_path": segmentation_path,
                "segmentation_annotated_path": annotated_seg_path,
                "segmentation_roi_path": segmentation_roi_path,
                "roi_mask_path": roi_mask_path,
                "segmentation_empty": segmentation_empty,
                "segmentation_debug": seg_debug,
                "original_image_path": original_path,
            }
        except Exception as e:
            logging.error(f"Visual analysis failed: {e}", exc_info=True)
            raise

    # ---------- Knowledge base + reporting ----------
    def query_guidelines(self, query: str) -> str:
        try:
            vs = self.knowledge_base_cache.get("vector_store")
            if not vs:
                return "Knowledge base is not available."
            try:
                retriever = vs.as_retriever(search_kwargs={"k": 5})
                docs = retriever.get_relevant_documents(query)
            except Exception:
                retriever = vs.as_retriever(search_kwargs={"k": 5})
                docs = retriever.invoke(query)
            lines: List[str] = []
            for d in docs:
                src = (d.metadata or {}).get("source", "N/A")
                txt = (d.page_content or "")[:300]
                lines.append(f"Source: {src}\nContent: {txt}...")
            return "\n\n".join(lines) if lines else "No relevant guideline snippets found."
        except Exception as e:
            logging.warning(f"Guidelines query failed: {e}")
            return f"Guidelines query failed: {str(e)}"

    def _generate_fallback_report(self, patient_info: str, visual_results: Dict, guideline_context: str) -> str:
        return f"""# 🩺 SmartHeal AI - Comprehensive Wound Analysis Report
## 📋 Patient Information
{patient_info}
## 🔍 Visual Analysis Results
- **Wound Type**: {visual_results.get('wound_type', 'Unknown')}
- **Dimensions**: {visual_results.get('length_cm', 0)} cm × {visual_results.get('breadth_cm', 0)} cm
- **Surface Area**: {visual_results.get('surface_area_cm2', 0)} cm²
- **Detection Confidence**: {visual_results.get('detection_confidence', 0):.1%}
- **Calibration**: {visual_results.get('px_per_cm','?')} px/cm ({(visual_results.get('calibration_meta') or {}).get('used','default')})
## 📊 Analysis Images
- **Original**: {visual_results.get('original_image_path', 'N/A')}
- **Detection**: {visual_results.get('detection_image_path', 'N/A')}
- **Segmentation**: {visual_results.get('segmentation_image_path', 'N/A')}
- **Annotated**: {visual_results.get('segmentation_annotated_path', 'N/A')}
## 🎯 Clinical Summary
Automated analysis provides quantitative measurements; verify via clinical examination.
## 💊 Recommendations
- Cleanse wound gently; select dressing per exudate/infection risk
- Debride necrotic tissue if indicated (clinical decision)
- Document with serial photos and measurements
## 📅 Monitoring
- Daily in week 1, then every 2–3 days (or as indicated)
- Weekly progress review
## 📚 Guideline Context
{(guideline_context or '')[:800]}{"..." if guideline_context and len(guideline_context) > 800 else ''}
**Disclaimer:** Automated, for decision support only. Verify clinically.
"""

    def generate_final_report(
        self,
        patient_info: str,
        visual_results: Dict,
        guideline_context: str,
        image_pil: Image.Image,
        max_new_tokens: Optional[int] = None,
    ) -> str:
        try:
            report = generate_medgemma_report(
                patient_info, visual_results, guideline_context, image_pil, max_new_tokens
            )
            if report and report.strip() and not report.startswith(("⚠️", "❌")):
                return report
            logging.warning("MedGemma unavailable/invalid; using fallback.")
            return self._generate_fallback_report(patient_info, visual_results, guideline_context)
        except Exception as e:
            logging.error(f"Report generation failed: {e}")
            return self._generate_fallback_report(patient_info, visual_results, guideline_context)

    def save_and_commit_image(self, image_pil: Image.Image) -> str:
        try:
            os.makedirs(self.uploads_dir, exist_ok=True)
            ts = datetime.now().strftime("%Y%m%d_%H%M%S")
            filename = f"{ts}.png"
            path = os.path.join(self.uploads_dir, filename)
            image_pil.convert("RGB").save(path)
            logging.info(f"✅ Image saved locally: {path}")

            if HF_TOKEN and DATASET_ID:
                try:
                    HfApi, HfFolder = _import_hf_hub()
                    HfFolder.save_token(HF_TOKEN)
                    api = HfApi()
                    api.upload_file(
                        path_or_fileobj=path,
                        path_in_repo=f"images/{filename}",
                        repo_id=DATASET_ID,
                        repo_type="dataset",
                        token=HF_TOKEN,
                        commit_message=f"Upload wound image: {filename}",
                    )
                    logging.info("✅ Image committed to HF dataset")
                except Exception as e:
                    logging.warning(f"HF upload failed: {e}")

            return path
        except Exception as e:
            logging.error(f"Failed to save/commit image: {e}")
            return ""

    def full_analysis_pipeline(self, image_pil: Image.Image, questionnaire_data: Dict) -> Dict:
        try:
            saved_path = self.save_and_commit_image(image_pil)
            visual_results = self.perform_visual_analysis(image_pil)

            pi = questionnaire_data or {}
            patient_info = (
                f"Age: {pi.get('age','N/A')}, "
                f"Diabetic: {pi.get('diabetic','N/A')}, "
                f"Allergies: {pi.get('allergies','N/A')}, "
                f"Date of Wound: {pi.get('date_of_injury','N/A')}, "
                f"Professional Care: {pi.get('professional_care','N/A')}, "
                f"Oozing/Bleeding: {pi.get('oozing_bleeding','N/A')}, "
                f"Infection: {pi.get('infection','N/A')}, "
                f"Moisture: {pi.get('moisture','N/A')}"
            )

            query = (
                f"best practices for managing a {visual_results.get('wound_type','Unknown')} "
                f"with moisture '{pi.get('moisture','unknown')}' and infection '{pi.get('infection','unknown')}' "
                f"in a diabetic status '{pi.get('diabetic','unknown')}'"
            )
            guideline_context = self.query_guidelines(query)

            report = self.generate_final_report(patient_info, visual_results, guideline_context, image_pil)

            return {
                "success": True,
                "visual_analysis": visual_results,
                "report": report,
                "saved_image_path": saved_path,
                "guideline_context": (guideline_context or "")[:500] + (
                    "..." if guideline_context and len(guideline_context) > 500 else ""
                ),
            }
        except Exception as e:
            logging.error(f"Pipeline error: {e}")
            return {
                "success": False,
                "error": str(e),
                "visual_analysis": {},
                "report": f"Analysis failed: {str(e)}",
                "saved_image_path": None,
                "guideline_context": "",
            }

    def analyze_wound(self, image, questionnaire_data: Dict) -> Dict:
        try:
            if isinstance(image, str):
                if not os.path.exists(image):
                    raise ValueError(f"Image file not found: {image}")
                image_pil = Image.open(image)
            elif isinstance(image, Image.Image):
                image_pil = image
            elif isinstance(image, np.ndarray):
                image_pil = Image.fromarray(image)
            else:
                raise ValueError(f"Unsupported image type: {type(image)}")

            return self.full_analysis_pipeline(image_pil, questionnaire_data or {})
        except Exception as e:
            logging.error(f"Wound analysis error: {e}")
            return {
                "success": False,
                "error": str(e),
                "visual_analysis": {},
                "report": f"Analysis initialization failed: {str(e)}",
                "saved_image_path": None,
                "guideline_context": "",
            }