Chemistry.json

    {
    "chapters": [
        {
            "chapter": "Some Basic Concepts in Chemistry",
            "total_hours": "8",
            "subtopics": [
                {"subtopic": "Matter and its nature", "subtopic_hours": "1"},
                {"subtopic": "Dalton's Atomic Theory", "subtopic_hours": "1"},
                {"subtopic": "Concept of atom, molecule, element, and compound", "subtopic_hours": "1"},
                {"subtopic": "Laws of chemical combination", "subtopic_hours": "1"},
                {"subtopic": "Atomic and molecular masses", "subtopic_hours": "1"},
                {"subtopic": "Mole concept", "subtopic_hours": "1"},
                {"subtopic": "Molar mass", "subtopic_hours": "1"},
                {"subtopic": "Percentage composition", "subtopic_hours": "1"},
                {"subtopic": "Empirical and Molecular Formulae", "subtopic_hours": "1"},
                {"subtopic": "Chemical equations and stoichiometry", "subtopic_hours": "1"}
            ]
        },
        {
            "chapter": "Atomic Structure",
            "total_hours": "12",
            "subtopics": [
                {"subtopic": "Nature of electromagnetic radiation", "subtopic_hours": "1"},
                {"subtopic": "Photoelectric effect", "subtopic_hours": "1"},
                {"subtopic": "Spectrum of thehydrogen atom", "subtopic_hours": "1"},
                {"subtopic": "Bohr model of a hydrogen atom - itspostulates, derivation of the relations for the energy of the electron and radii of the different orbits, limitations of Bohr's model", "subtopic_hours": "1"},
                {"subtopic": "Dual nature of matter", "subtopic_hours": "1"},
                {"subtopic": "de Broglie's relationship", "subtopic_hours": "1"},
                {"subtopic": "Heisenberg uncertainty principle", "subtopic_hours": "1"},
                {"subtopic": "Elementary ideas of quantum mechanics", "subtopic_hours": "1"},
                {"subtopic": "The quantum mechanical model of the atom", "subtopic_hours": "1"},
                {"subtopic": "Concept of atomic orbitals as one-electron wave functions", "subtopic_hours": "1"},
                {"subtopic": "Various quantum numbers (principal, angular momentum, and magnetic quantum numbers) and their significance", "subtopic_hours": "1"},
                {"subtopic": "Shapes of s, p, and d - orbitals, electron spin, and spin quantum number:", "subtopic_hours": "1"},
                {"subtopic": "Aufbau principle, Pauli's exclusion principle and Hund's rule", "subtopic_hours": "1"},
                {"subtopic": "Electronic configuration of elements, and extra stability of half-filled and completely filled orbitals", "subtopic_hours": "1"}
            ]
        },
        {
            "chapter": "Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure",
            "total_hours": "21",
            "subtopics": [
                {"subtopic": "Kossel-Lewis approach to chemical bond formation", "subtopic_hours": "1.7"},
                {"subtopic": "Ionic Bonding: Formation of ionic bonds, factors affecting the formation of ionic bonds", "subtopic_hours": "1.7"},
                {"subtopic": "Ionic Bonding: Calculation of lattice enthalpy", "subtopic_hours": "1.7"},
                {"subtopic": "Covalent Bonding: Concept of electronegativity, Fajans rule, dipole moment", "subtopic_hours": "1.7"},
                {"subtopic": "Covalent Bonding: Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) theory and shapes of simple molecules.", "subtopic_hours": "1.7"},
                {"subtopic": "Quantum mechanical approach to covalent bonding: Valence bond theory - its important features", "subtopic_hours": "1.7"},
                {"subtopic": "The concept of hybridization involving s, p, and d orbitals, Resonance.", "subtopic_hours": "1.7"},
                {"subtopic": "Resonance.", "subtopic_hours": "1.7"},
                {"subtopic": "Molecular Orbital Theory - Its important features. LCAOs", "subtopic_hours": "1.7"},
                {"subtopic": "Molecular Orbital Theory - Types of molecular orbitals(bonding, antibonding), sigma and pi-bonds", "subtopic_hours": "1.7"},
                {"subtopic": "Orbital electronic configurations of homonuclear diatomic molecules", "subtopic_hours": "1.7"},
                {"subtopic": "The concept of bond order, bond length, and bond energy", "subtopic_hours": "1.7"},
                {"subtopic": "Idea of metallic bonding", "subtopic_hours":"1.7"},
                {"subtopic": "Hydrogen bonding and its applications", "subtopic_hours":"1.7"}
            ]
        },
        {
            "chapter": "Chemical Thermodynamics",
            "total_hours": "15",
            "subtopics": [
                {"subtopic": "Fundamentals of thermodynamics: System and surroundings, extensive and intensive properties", "subtopic_hours": "2.1"},
                {"subtopic": "Fundamentals of thermodynamics: State functions, Entropy, types of processes", "subtopic_hours": "2.1"},
                {"subtopic": "Fundamentals of thermodynamics: System and surroundings, extensive and intensive properties, state functions, Entropy, types of processes", "subtopic_hours": "2.1"},
                {"subtopic": "The first law of thermodynamics - Concept of work, heat internal energy and enthalpy, heat capacity", "subtopic_hours": "2.1"},
                {"subtopic": "Hess law of constant heat summation", "subtopic_hours": ""},
                {"subtopic": "Enthalpies of bond dissociation, combustion, formation, atomization, sublimation, phase transition, hydration, ionization, and solution.", "subtopic_hours": "2.1"},
                {"subtopic": "The second law of thermodynamics - Spontaneity of processes; S of the universe and G of the system as criteria for spontaneity", "subtopic_hours": "2.1"}
            ]
        },
        {
            "chapter": "Solutions",
            "total_hours": "15",
            "subtopics": [
                {"subtopic": "Different methods for expressing the concentration of solution - molality, molarity, mole fraction, percentage", "subtopic_hours": "3"},
                {"subtopic": "Raoults Law - Ideal and non-ideal solutions", "subtopic_hours": "3"},
                {"subtopic": "Vapour pressure - composition, plots for ideal and nonideal solutions", "subtopic_hours": "3"},
                {"subtopic": "Colligative properties of dilute solutions - a relative lowering of vapour pressure, depression of freezing point, the elevation of boiling point and osmotic pressure;", "subtopic_hours": "3"},
                {"subtopic": "Determination of molecular mass using colligative properties; Abnormal value of molar mass, vant Hoff factor and its significance", "subtopic_hours": "3"}
            ]
        },
        {
            "chapter": "Equilibrium",
            "total_hours": "18",
            "subtopics": [
                {"subtopic": "Equilibria involving physical processes: Solid-liquid, liquid-gas and solid-gas equilibria, Henry's law", "subtopic_hours": "2.5"},
                {"subtopic": "Equilibrium involving chemical processes: Law of chemical equilibrium, equilibrium constants (Kp and Kc) and their significance", "subtopic_hours": "2.5"},
                {"subtopic": "The significance of G in chemical equilibrium", "subtopic_hours": "2.5"},
                {"subtopic": "Factors affecting equilibrium concentration, pressure, temperature, the effect of catalyst; Le Chateliers principle.", "subtopic_hours": "2.5"},
                {"subtopic": "Ionic equilibrium: Weak and strong electrolytes, ionization of electrolytes, various concepts of acids and bases (Arrhenius. Bronsted - Lowry and Lewis) and their ionization", "subtopic_hours": "2.5"},
                {"subtopic": "Acid-base equilibria (including multistage ionization) and ionization constants, ionization of water. pH scale, common ion effect, hydrolysis of salts and pH of their solutions", "subtopic_hours": "2.5"},
                {"subtopic": "The solubility of sparingly soluble salts and solubility products, and buffer solutions.", "subtopic_hours": "2.5"}
            ]
        },
        {
            "chapter": "Redox Reactions and Electrochemistry",
            "total_hours": "18",
            "subtopics": [
                {"subtopic": "Electronic concepts of oxidation and reduction, redox reactions, oxidation number, rules for assigning oxidation number, and balancing of redox reactions.", "subtopic_hours": "2"},
                {"subtopic": "Electrolytic and metallic conduction, conductance in electrolytic solutions,", "subtopic_hours": "2"},
                {"subtopic": "Molar conductivities and their variation with concentration: Kohlrausch law ", "subtopic_hours": "2"},
                {"subtopic": "Electrochemical cells - Electrolytic and Galvanic cells, different types of electrodes,", "subtopic_hours": "2"},
                {"subtopic": "Electrode potentials including standard electrode potential, half-cell and cell reactions", "subtopic_hours": "2"},
                {"subtopic": "EMF of a Galvanic cell and its measurement: Nernst equation and its applications", "subtopic_hours": "2"},
                {"subtopic": "Relationship between cell potential and Gibbs' energy change", "subtopic_hours": "2"},
                {"subtopic": "Dry cell and lead accumulator, Fuel cells.", "subtopic_hours": "2"}
            ]
        },
        {
            "chapter": "Chemical Kinetics",
            "total_hours": "8",
            "subtopics": [
                {"subtopic": "Rate of a chemical reaction, factors affecting the rate of reactions: concentration, temperature, pressure, and catalyst", "subtopic_hours": "2"},
                {"subtopic": "Elementary and complex reactions, order and molecularity of reactions, rate law, rate constant and its units", "subtopic_hours": "2"},
                {"subtopic": "Differential and integral forms of zero and first-order reactions, their characteristics and half-lives", "subtopic_hours": "2"},
                {"subtopic": "The effect of temperature on the rate of reactions, Arrhenius theory, activation energy and its calculation, collision theory of bimolecular gaseous reactions", "subtopic_hours": "2"}
            ]
        },
        {
            "chapter": "Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties",
            "total_hours": "14",
            "subtopics": [
                {"subtopic": "Modern periodic law and present form of the periodic table", "subtopic_hours": "7"},
                {"subtopic": "s, p. d and f block elements, periodic trends in properties of elements atomic and ionic radii, ionization enthalpy, electron gain enthalpy, valence, oxidation states, and chemical reactivity", "subtopic_hours": "7"}
            ]
        },
        {
            "chapter": "P Block Elements",
            "total_hours": "17",
            "subtopics": [
                {"subtopic": "Electronic configuration and general trends in physical and chemical properties of elements across the periods and down the groups for Group-13 to Group-18 Elements", "subtopic_hours": "8.5"},
                {"subtopic": "Unique behaviour of the first element in each group", "subtopic_hours": "8.5"}
            ]
        },
        {
            "chapter": "D and F Block Elements",
            "total_hours": "6",
            "subtopics": [
                {"subtopic": "Electronic configuration, occurrence and characteristics, general trends in properties of the first-row transition elements", "subtopic_hours": "1.5"},
                {"subtopic": "Preparation, properties, and uses of K2Cr2O7, and KMnO4.", "subtopic_hours": "1.5"},
                {"subtopic": "Lanthanoids - Electronic configuration, oxidation states, and lanthanoid contraction", "subtopic_hours": "1.5"},
                {"subtopic": "Actinoids - Electronic configuration and oxidation states", "subtopic_hours": "1.5"}
            ]
        },
        {
            "chapter": "Coordination Compounds",
            "total_hours": "14",
            "subtopics": [
                {"subtopic": "Introduction to coordination compounds", "subtopic_hours": "2"},
                {"subtopic": "Werner's theory; ligands, coordination number, denticity, chelation", "subtopic_hours": "2"},
                {"subtopic": "IUPAC nomenclature of mononuclear co-ordination compounds", "subtopic_hours": "2"},
                {"subtopic": "Isomerism", "subtopic_hours": "2"},
                {"subtopic": "Bonding-Valence bond approach and basic ideas of Crystal field theory", "subtopic_hours": "2"},
                {"subtopic": "Colour and magnetic properties", "subtopic_hours": "2"},
                {"subtopic": "Importance of co-ordination compounds", "subtopic_hours": "2"}
            ]
        },
        {
            "chapter": "Purification and Characteristics of Organic Compounds",
            "total_hours": "3",
            "subtopics": [
                {"subtopic": "Purification - Crystallization, sublimation, distillation, differential extraction, and chromatography", "subtopic_hours": "0.75"},
                {"subtopic": "Qualitative analysis - Detection of nitrogen, sulphur, phosphorus, and halogens", "subtopic_hours": "0.75"},
                {"subtopic": "Quantitative analysis - Estimation of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, halogens, sulphur, and phosphorus.", "subtopic_hours": "0.75"},
                {"subtopic": "Calculations of empirical formulae and molecular formulae", "subtopic_hours": "0.75"}
            ]
        },
        {
            "chapter": "Some Basic Principles of Organic Chemistry",
            "total_hours": "20",
            "subtopics": [
                {"subtopic": "Tetravalency of carbon: Shapes of simple molecules - hybridization", "subtopic_hours": "2"},
                {"subtopic": "Classification of organic compounds based on functional groups - halogens, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulphur", "subtopic_hours": "2"},
                {"subtopic": "Isomerism - structural and stereoisomerism.", "subtopic_hours": "2"},
                {"subtopic": "Nomenclature (Trivial and IUPAC)", "subtopic_hours": "2"},
                {"subtopic": "Covalent bond fission - Homolytic and heterolytic", "subtopic_hours": "2"},
                {"subtopic": "Free radicals, carbocations, and carbanions", "subtopic_hours": "2"},
                {"subtopic": "Stability of carbocations and free radicals, electrophiles, and nucleophiles.", "subtopic_hours": "2"},
                {"subtopic": "Inductive effect, electromeric effect, resonance, and hyperconjugation.", "subtopic_hours": "2"},
                {"subtopic": "Common types of organic reactions - Substitution, addition, elimination, and rearrangement", "subtopic_hours": "2"}
            ]
        },
        {
            "chapter": "Hydrocarbons",
            "total_hours": "20",
            "subtopics": [
                {"subtopic": "Classification, isomerism, IUPAC nomenclature.", "subtopic_hours": "1.25"},
                {"subtopic": "General methods of preparation, properties, and reactions", "subtopic_hours": "1.25"},
                {"subtopic": "Alkanes - Conformations: Sawhorse and Newman projections", "subtopic_hours": "1.25"},
                {"subtopic": "Alkanes - Mechanism of halogenation of alkanes.", "subtopic_hours": "1.25"},
                {"subtopic": "Alkenes - Geometrical isomerism", "subtopic_hours": "1.25"},
                {"subtopic": "Alkenes - Mechanism of electrophilic addition", "subtopic_hours": "1.25"},
                {"subtopic": "Alkenes - Addition of hydrogen, halogens, water, hydrogen halides (Markownikoffs and peroxide effect)", "subtopic_hours": "1.25"},
                {"subtopic": "Alkenes - Ozonolysis and polymerization.", "subtopic_hours": "1.25"},
                {"subtopic": "Alkynes - Acidic character", "subtopic_hours": "1.25"},
                {"subtopic": "Alkynes - Addition of hydrogen, halogens, water, and hydrogen halides", "subtopic_hours": "1.25"},
                {"subtopic": "Alkynes - Polymerization", "subtopic_hours": "1.25"},
                {"subtopic": "Aromatic hydrocarbons - Nomenclature", "subtopic_hours": "1.25"},
                {"subtopic": "Aromatic hydrocarbons - Benzene structure and aromaticity", "subtopic_hours": "1.25"},
                {"subtopic": "Aromatic hydrocarbons - Mechanism of electrophilic substitution: halogenation, nitration.", "subtopic_hours": "1.25"},
                {"subtopic": "Friedel-Craft's alkylation and acylation", "subtopic_hours": "1.25"},
                {"subtopic": "Directive influence of the functional group in monosubstituted benzene", "subtopic_hours": "1.25"}
            ]
        },
        {
            "chapter": "Organic Compounds Containing Halogens",
            "total_hours": "8",
            "subtopics": [
                {"subtopic": "General methods of preparation, properties, and reactions", "subtopic_hours": "2"},
                {"subtopic": "Nature of C-X bond", "subtopic_hours": "2"},
                {"subtopic": "Mechanisms of substitution reactions", "subtopic_hours": "2"},
                {"subtopic": "Uses: Environmental effects of chloroform, iodoform freons, and DDT.", "subtopic_hours": "2"}
            ]
        },
        {
            "chapter": "Organic Compounds Containing Oxygen",
            "total_hours": "17",
            "subtopics": [
                {"subtopic": "General methods of preparation, properties, reactions, and uses", "subtopic_hours": "1"},
                {"subtopic": "Alcohols: Identification of primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols", "subtopic_hours": "1"},
                {"subtopic": "Alcohols: mechanism of dehydration", "subtopic_hours": "1"},
                {"subtopic": "Phenols: Acidic nature, electrophilic substitution reactions", "subtopic_hours": "1"},
                {"subtopic": "Phenols: halogenation, nitration, sulphonation, Reimer - Tiemann reaction.", "subtopic_hours": "1"},
                {"subtopic": "Ethers: Structure.", "subtopic_hours": "1"},
                {"subtopic": "Aldehyde and Ketones: Nature of carbonyl group;", "subtopic_hours": "1"},
                {"subtopic": "Aldehyde and Ketones: Nucleophilic addition to >C=O group", "subtopic_hours": "1"},
                {"subtopic": "Aldehyde and Ketones: Relative reactivities of aldehydes and ketones", "subtopic_hours": "1"},
                {"subtopic": "Aldehyde and Ketones: Nucleophilic addition reactions (addition of HCN. NH3, and its derivatives", "subtopic_hours": "1"},
                {"subtopic": "Aldehyde and Ketones: Oxidation using Grignard Reagent", "subtopic_hours": "1"},
                {"subtopic": "Aldehyde and Ketones: Reduction (Wolf Kishner and Clemmensen)", "subtopic_hours": "1"},
                {"subtopic": "Aldehyde and Ketones: the acidity of -H", "subtopic_hours": "1"},
                {"subtopic": "Aldehyde and Ketones: aldol condensation", "subtopic_hours": "1"},
                {"subtopic": "Aldehyde and Ketones: Cannizzaro reaction, Haloform reaction", "subtopic_hours": "1"},
                {"subtopic": "Aldehyde and Ketones: Chemical tests to distinguish between aldehydes and Ketones.", "subtopic_hours": "1"},
                {"subtopic": "Carboxylic Acids: Acidic strength and factors affecting it", "subtopic_hours": "1"}


            ]
        },
        {
            "chapter": "Organic Compounds Containing Nitrogen",
            "total_hours": "4",
            "subtopics": [
                {"subtopic": "General methods of preparation. Properties, reactions, and uses", "subtopic_hours": "1"},
                {"subtopic": "Amines: Nomenclature, classification, structure and basic nature", "subtopic_hours": "1"},
                {"subtopic": "Identificationof primary, secondary, and tertiary amines", "subtopic_hours": "1"},
                {"subtopic": "Diazonium Salts: Importance in synthetic organic chemistry.", "subtopic_hours": "1"}
            ]
        },
        {
            "chapter": "Biomolecules",
            "total_hours": "10",
            "subtopics": [
                {"subtopic": "General introduction and importance of biomolecules", "subtopic_hours": "1"},
                {"subtopic": "Carbohydrates - Classification: aldoses and ketoses", "subtopic_hours": "1"},
                {"subtopic": "Carbohydrates - Monosaccharides and constituent monosaccharides of oligosaccharides", "subtopic_hours": "1"},
                {"subtopic": "Proteins - Elementary idea of amino acids, peptide bond, polypeptides", "subtopic_hours": "1"},
                {"subtopic": "Proteins - Primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure (qualitative idea only)", "subtopic_hours": "1"},
                {"subtopic": "Proteins - Denaturation of proteins, enzymes.", "subtopic_hours": "1"},
                {"subtopic": "Vitamins - Classification and functions.", "subtopic_hours": "1"},
                {"subtopic": "Nucleic Acids - Chemical constitution of DNA and RNA.", "subtopic_hours": "1"},
                {"subtopic": "Hormones (General introduction)", "subtopic_hours":"1"}
            ]
        }
    ]
}