Physics.json

    {
    "chapters": [
        {
            "chapter": "Physics and Measurement",
            "total_hours": "4",
            "subtopics": [
                {"subtopic": "Units of measurements, System of Units, SI Units", "subtopic_hours": "1"},
                {"subtopic": "Fundamental and derived units", "subtopic_hours": "1"},
                {"subtopic": "Least count, significant figures, Errors in measurements", "subtopic_hours": "1"},
                {"subtopic": "Dimensions of Physics quantities, dimensional analysis, and its applications", "subtopic_hours": "1"}
            ]
        },
        {
            "chapter": "Kinematics",
            "total_hours": "17",
            "subtopics": [
                {"subtopic": "Frame of reference, motion in a straight line, Position-time graph, speed and velocity", "subtopic_hours": "4.5"},
                {"subtopic": "Uniform and non-uniform motion, average speed and instantaneous velocity", "subtopic_hours": "4.5"},
                {"subtopic": "Uniformly accelerated motion, velocity-time, position-time graph", "subtopic_hours": "4.5"},
                {"subtopic": "Scalars and Vectors, Vector Addition and subtraction, scalar and vector products", "subtopic_hours": "4.5"}
            ]
        },
        {
            "chapter": "Laws of Motion",
            "total_hours": "12",
            "subtopics": [
                {"subtopic": "Force and inertia, Newton’s First law of motion", "subtopic_hours": "2.5"},
                {"subtopic": "Momentum, Newton’s Second Law of motion, Impulses", "subtopic_hours": "2.5"},
                {"subtopic": "Newton’s Third Law of motion. Law of conservation of linear momentum and its applications", "subtopic_hours": "2.5"},
                {"subtopic": "Static and Kinetic friction, laws of friction, rolling friction", "subtopic_hours": "2.5"},
                {"subtopic": "Dynamics of uniform circular motion: centripetal force and its applications", "subtopic_hours": "2.5"}
            ]
        },
        {
            "chapter": "Work, Energy and Power",
            "total_hours": "9",
            "subtopics": [
                {"subtopic": "Work done by a constant force and a variable force", "subtopic_hours": "2"},
                {"subtopic": "Kinetic and potential energies, work-energy theorem, power", "subtopic_hours": "2"},
                {"subtopic": "Potential energy of spring, conservation of mechanical energy", "subtopic_hours": "2"},
                {"subtopic": "Conservative and non-conservative forces", "subtopic_hours": "2"},
                {"subtopic": "Elastic and inelastic collisions in one and two dimensions", "subtopic_hours": "2"}
            ]
        },
        {
            "chapter": "Rotational Motion",
            "total_hours": "13",
            "subtopics": [
                {"subtopic": "Centre of mass of a two-particle system, Centre of mass of a rigid body", "subtopic_hours": "2"},
                {"subtopic": "Basic concepts of rotational motion; moment of a force; torque, angular momentum", "subtopic_hours": "2"},
                {"subtopic": "Conservation of angular momentum and its applications", "subtopic_hours": "2"},
                {"subtopic": "Moment of inertia, radius of gyration, values of moments of inertia for simple geometrical objects", "subtopic_hours": "2"},
                {"subtopic": "Parallel and perpendicular axes theorems, and their applications", "subtopic_hours": "2"},
                {"subtopic": "Equilibrium of rigid bodies, rigid body rotation and equations of rotational motion", "subtopic_hours": "2"},
                {"subtopic": "Comparison of linear and rotational motions", "subtopic_hours": "2"}
            ]
        },
        {
            "chapter": "Gravitation",
            "total_hours": "6",
            "subtopics": [
                {"subtopic": "The universal law of gravitation", "subtopic_hours": "1"},
                {"subtopic": "Acceleration due to gravity and its variation with altitude and depth", "subtopic_hours": "1"},
                {"subtopic": "Kepler’s law of planetary motion", "subtopic_hours": "1"},
                {"subtopic": "Gravitational potential energy; gravitational potential", "subtopic_hours": "1"},
                {"subtopic": "Escape velocity", "subtopic_hours": "1"},
                {"subtopic": "Motion of a satellite, orbital velocity, time period, and energy of satellite", "subtopic_hours": "1"}
            ]
        },
        {
            "chapter": "Properties of Solids and Liquids",
            "total_hours": "24",
            "subtopics": [
                {"subtopic": "Elastic behavior, Stress-strain relationship, Hooke's Law", "subtopic_hours": "2.5"},
                {"subtopic": "Young's modulus, bulk modulus, and modulus of rigidity", "subtopic_hours": "2.5"},
                {"subtopic": "Pressure due to a fluid column; Pascal's law and its applications", "subtopic_hours": "2.5"},
                {"subtopic": "Effect of gravity on fluid pressure", "subtopic_hours": "2.5"},
                {"subtopic": "Viscosity. Stokes' law. terminal velocity, streamline, and turbulent flow.critical velocity", "subtopic_hours": "2.5"},
                {"subtopic": "Bernoulli's principle and its applications", "subtopic_hours": "2.5"},
                {"subtopic": "Surface energy and surface tension, angle of contact, excess of pressure across a curved surface", "subtopic_hours": "2.5"},
                {"subtopic": "Application of surface tension - drops, bubbles, and capillary rise", "subtopic_hours": "2.5"},
                {"subtopic": "Heat, temperature, thermal expansion; specific heat capacity, calorimetry; change of state, latent heat", "subtopic_hours": "2.5"},
                {"subtopic": "Heat transfer conduction, convection, and radiation", "subtopic_hours": "2.5"}
            ]
        },
        {
            "chapter": "Thermodynamics",
            "total_hours": "6",
            "subtopics": [
                {"subtopic": "Thermal equilibrium, zeroth law of thermodynamics, the concept of temperature", "subtopic_hours": "1.5"},
                {"subtopic": "Heat, work, and internal energy", "subtopic_hours": "1.5"},
                {"subtopic": "The first law of thermodynamics, isothermal and adiabatic processes", "subtopic_hours": "1.5"},
                {"subtopic": "The second law of thermodynamics: reversible and irreversible processes", "subtopic_hours": "1.5"}
            ]
        },
        {
            "chapter": "Kinetic Theory of Gases",
            "total_hours": "5",
            "subtopics": [
                {"subtopic": "Equation of state of a perfect gas, work done on compressing a gas", "subtopic_hours": "1"},
                {"subtopic": "Kinetic theory of gases - assumptions, the concept of pressure", "subtopic_hours": "1"},
                {"subtopic": "Kinetic interpretation of temperature: RMS speed of gas molecules: Degrees of freedom", "subtopic_hours": "1"},
                {"subtopic": "Law of equipartition of energy and applications to specific heat capacities of gases", "subtopic_hours": "1"},
                {"subtopic": "Mean free path", "subtopic_hours": "1"},
                {"subtopic": "Avogadro's number", "subtopic_hours": "1"}
            ]
        },
        {
            "chapter": "Oscillations and Waves",
            "total_hours": "17",
            "subtopics": [
                {"subtopic": "Oscillations and periodic motion time period, frequency, displacement as a function of time", "subtopic_hours": "1.5"},
                {"subtopic": "Periodic functions", "subtopic_hours": "1.5"},
                {"subtopic": "Simple harmonic motion (S.H.M.) and its equation; phase", "subtopic_hours": "1.5"},
                {"subtopic": "Oscillations of a spring - restoring force and force constant: energy in S.H.M. - Kinetic and potential energies", "subtopic_hours": "1.5"},
                {"subtopic": "Simple pendulum - derivation of expression for its time period", "subtopic_hours": "1.5"},
                {"subtopic": "Wave motion", "subtopic_hours": "1.5"},
                {"subtopic": "Longitudinal and transverse waves, speed of the traveling wave", "subtopic_hours": "1.5"},
                {"subtopic": "Displacement relation for a progressive wave", "subtopic_hours": "1.5"},
                {"subtopic": "Principle of superposition of waves, reflection of waves", "subtopic_hours": "1.5"},
                {"subtopic": "Standing waves in strings and organ pipes, fundamental mode, and harmonics", "subtopic_hours": "1.5"},
                {"subtopic": "Beats", "subtopic_hours": "1.5"}
            ]
        },
        {
            "chapter": "Electrostatics",
            "total_hours": "24",
            "subtopics": [
                {"subtopic": "Electric charges: Conservation of charge", "subtopic_hours": "1.5"},
                {"subtopic": "Coulomb's law forces between two point charges, forces between multiple charges: superposition principle and continuous charge distribution", "subtopic_hours": "1.5"},
                {"subtopic": "Electric field: Electric field due to a point charge, Electric field lines", "subtopic_hours": "1.5"},
                {"subtopic": "Electric dipole, Electric field due to a dipole", "subtopic_hours": "1.5"},
                {"subtopic": "Torque on a dipole in a uniform electric field", "subtopic_hours": "1.5"},
                {"subtopic": "Electric flux", "subtopic_hours": "1.5"},
                {"subtopic": "Gauss's law and its applications to find field due to infinitely long uniformly charged straight wire uniformly charged infinite plane sheet, and uniformly charged thin spherical shell", "subtopic_hours": "1.5"},
                {"subtopic": "Electric potential and its calculation for a point charge, electric dipole and system of charges: Equipotential surfaces, Electrical potential energy of a system of two point charges and electric dipole in an electrostatic field", "subtopic_hours": "1.5"},
                {"subtopic": "Conductors and insulators", "subtopic_hours": "1.5"},
                {"subtopic": "Free charges and bound charges inside a conductor", "subtopic_hours": "1.5"},
                {"subtopic": "Dielectrics and electric polarization", "subtopic_hours": "1.5"},
                {"subtopic": "Capacitance, combination of capacitors in series and in parallel", "subtopic_hours": "1.5"},
                {"subtopic": "Capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with and without dielectric medium between the plates", "subtopic_hours": "1.5"},
                {"subtopic": "Energy stored in a capacitor", "subtopic_hours": "1.5"},
                {"subtopic": "Van de Graaff generator", "subtopic_hours": "1.5"}
            ]
        },
        {
            "chapter": "Current Electricity",
            "total_hours": "11",
            "subtopics": [
                {"subtopic": "Electric current", "subtopic_hours": "1"},
                {"subtopic": "Flow of electric charges in a metallic conductor", "subtopic_hours": "1"},
                {"subtopic": "Ohm's law, electrical resistance, V-I characteristics (linear and non-linear)", "subtopic_hours": "1"},
                {"subtopic": "Electrical energy and power, electrical resistivity and conductivity", "subtopic_hours": "1"},
                {"subtopic": "Carbon resistors, color code for carbon resistors", "subtopic_hours": "1"},
                {"subtopic": "Series and parallel combinations of resistors", "subtopic_hours": "1"},
                {"subtopic": "Temperature dependence of resistance", "subtopic_hours": "1"},
                {"subtopic": "Kirchhoff's laws and simple applications", "subtopic_hours": "1"},
                {"subtopic": "Wheatstone bridge", "subtopic_hours": "1"},
                {"subtopic": "Metre bridge", "subtopic_hours": "1"},
                {"subtopic": "Potentiometer - principle and its applications", "subtopic_hours": "1"}
            ]
        },
        {
            "chapter": "Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism",
            "total_hours": "11",
            "subtopics": [
                {"subtopic": "Biot - Savart law and its application to current-carrying circular loop", "subtopic_hours": "1"},
                {"subtopic": "Ampere's law and its applications to infinitely long current carrying straight wire and solenoid", "subtopic_hours": "1"},
                {"subtopic": "Force on a moving charge in uniform magnetic and electric fields", "subtopic_hours": "1"},
                {"subtopic": "Cyclotron", "subtopic_hours": "1"},
                {"subtopic": "Force on a current-carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field", "subtopic_hours": "1"},
                {"subtopic": "Force between two parallel current-carrying conductors - definition of ampere", "subtopic_hours": "1"},
                {"subtopic": "Torque experienced by a current loop in a magnetic field: moving coil galvanometer, its current sensitivity, and conversion to ammeter and voltmeter", "subtopic_hours": "1"},
                {"subtopic": "Current loop as a magnetic dipole and its magnetic dipole moment", "subtopic_hours": "1"},
                {"subtopic": "Magnetic dipole moment of a revolving electron", "subtopic_hours": "1"},
                {"subtopic": "Magnetic field intensity due to a magnetic dipole (bar magnet) along its axis and perpendicular to its axis", "subtopic_hours": "1"},
                {"subtopic": "Torque on a magnetic dipole (bar magnet) in a uniform magnetic field", "subtopic_hours": "1"},
                {"subtopic": "Bar magnet as an equivalent solenoid, magnetic field lines", "subtopic_hours": "1"},
                {"subtopic": "Earth's magnetic field and magnetic elements", "subtopic_hours": "1"},
                {"subtopic": "Para-, dia- and ferro - magnetic substances", "subtopic_hours": "1"},
                {"subtopic": "Magnetic susceptibility and permeability, Hysteresis", "subtopic_hours": "1"},
                {"subtopic": "Electromagnets and permanent magnets", "subtopic_hours": "1"}
            ]
        },
        {
            "chapter": "Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents",
            "total_hours": "18",
            "subtopics": [
                {"subtopic": "Electromagnetic induction; Faraday's laws, Induced emf and current; Lenz's Law", "subtopic_hours": "2"},
                {"subtopic": "Eddy currents", "subtopic_hours": "2"},
                {"subtopic": "Self and mutual inductance", "subtopic_hours": "2"},
                {"subtopic": "Alternating currents, peak and RMS value of alternating current/voltage", "subtopic_hours": "2"},
                {"subtopic": "Reactance and impedance; LC oscillations (qualitative treatment only)", "subtopic_hours": "2"},
                {"subtopic": "LCR series circuit, resonance; power in AC circuits, wattless current", "subtopic_hours": "2"},
                {"subtopic": "AC generator and transformer", "subtopic_hours": "2"},
                {"subtopic": "Electromagnetic waves: Characteristics of electromagnetic waves", "subtopic_hours": "2"},
                {"subtopic": "Transverse nature of electromagnetic waves", "subtopic_hours": "2"},
                {"subtopic": "Electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, X-rays, gamma rays) including elementary facts about their uses", "subtopic_hours": "2"}
            ]
        },
        {
            "chapter": "Optics",
            "total_hours": "34",
            "subtopics": [
                {"subtopic": "Reflection and refraction of light at plane and spherical surfaces, mirror formula", "subtopic_hours": "2"},
                {"subtopic": "Total internal reflection and its applications", "subtopic_hours": "2"},
                {"subtopic": "Deviation and dispersion of light by a prism; Lens Formula", "subtopic_hours": "2"},
                {"subtopic": "Magnification; Power of a Lens", "subtopic_hours": "2"},
                {"subtopic": "Combination of thin lenses in contact", "subtopic_hours": "2"},
                {"subtopic": "Microscope and astronomical telescope (reflecting and refracting) and their magnifying powers", "subtopic_hours": "2"},
                {"subtopic": "Wave optics: wavefront and Huygens' principle", "subtopic_hours": "2"},
                {"subtopic": "Reflection and refraction of plane wave at a plane surface using wavefronts", "subtopic_hours": "2"},
                {"subtopic": "Proof of laws of reflection and refraction using Huygens' principle", "subtopic_hours": "2"},
                {"subtopic": "Interference, Young's double slit experiment and expression for fringe width", "subtopic_hours": "2"},
                {"subtopic": "Coherent sources and sustained interference of light", "subtopic_hours": "2"},
                {"subtopic": "Diffraction due to a single slit", "subtopic_hours": "2"},
                {"subtopic": "Rayleigh's criterion of resolution", "subtopic_hours": "2"},
                {"subtopic": "Resolving power of microscopes and astronomical telescopes", "subtopic_hours": "2"},
                {"subtopic": "Polarization", "subtopic_hours": "2"},
                {"subtopic": "Plane polarized light; Brewster's law, uses of plane polarized light and Polaroids", "subtopic_hours": "2"}
            ]
        },
        {
            "chapter": "Dual Nature of Matter and Radiation",
            "total_hours": "6",
            "subtopics": [
                {"subtopic": "Dual nature of radiation", "subtopic_hours": "1.5"},
                {"subtopic": "Photoelectric effect, Hertz and Lenard's observations; Einstein's photoelectric equation", "subtopic_hours": "1.5"},
                {"subtopic": "Particle nature of light; Matter waves-wave nature of particles, de Broglie relation", "subtopic_hours": "1.5"},
                {"subtopic": "Davisson-Germer experiment", "subtopic_hours": "1.5"}
            ]
        },
        {
            "chapter": "Atoms and Nuclei",
            "total_hours": "15",
            "subtopics": [
                {"subtopic": "Alpha-particle scattering experiments", "subtopic_hours": "1.5"},
                {"subtopic": "Rutherford's model of atom", "subtopic_hours": "1.5"},
                {"subtopic": "Bohr model, energy levels, hydrogen spectrum", "subtopic_hours": "1.5"},
                {"subtopic": "Composition and size of nucleus, atomic masses, isotopes, isobars", "subtopic_hours": "1.5"},
                {"subtopic": "Radioactivity", "subtopic_hours": "1.5"},
                {"subtopic": "Alpha, beta and gamma particles/rays and their properties", "subtopic_hours": "1.5"},
                {"subtopic": "Radioactive decay law, half-life and mean life of radioactivity, binding energy per nucleon and its variation with mass number", "subtopic_hours": "1.5"},
                {"subtopic": "Mass-energy relation, mass defect", "subtopic_hours": "1.5"},
                {"subtopic": "Fission and fusion", "subtopic_hours": "1.5"}
            ]
        },
        {
            "chapter": "Electronic Devices",
            "total_hours": "10",
            "subtopics": [
                {"subtopic": "Semiconductors; semiconductor diode: I-V characteristics in forward and reverse bias", "subtopic_hours": "1.5"},
                {"subtopic": "Diode as a rectifier; special purpose p-n junction diodes: LEDs, photodiodes, solar cells, and Zener diode and their characteristics", "subtopic_hours": "1.5"},
                {"subtopic": "Zener diode as a voltage regulator", "subtopic_hours": "1.5"},
                {"subtopic": "Junction transistor, transistor action", "subtopic_hours": "1.5"},
                {"subtopic": "Characteristics of a transistor, transistor as an amplifier (common emitter configuration) and oscillator", "subtopic_hours": "1.5"},
                {"subtopic": "Logic gates (OR, AND, NOT, NAND and NOR)", "subtopic_hours": "1.5"},
                {"subtopic": "Transistor as a switch", "subtopic_hours": "1.5"}
            ]
        },
        {
            "chapter": "Communication Systems",
            "total_hours": "10",
            "subtopics": [
                {"subtopic": "Propagation of electromagnetic waves in the atmosphere; Sky and space wave propagation", "subtopic_hours": "1"},
                {"subtopic": "Need for modulation", "subtopic_hours": "1"},
                {"subtopic": "Amplitude modulation, production and detection of amplitude modulation", "subtopic_hours": "1"},
                {"subtopic": "Basic elements of a communication system (block diagram only)", "subtopic_hours": "1"},
                {"subtopic": "Bandwidth of signals (speech, TV and digital data)", "subtopic_hours": "1"},
                {"subtopic": "Bandwidth of transmission medium", "subtopic_hours": "1"},
                {"subtopic": "Basic concepts of Analog and Digital communication", "subtopic_hours": "1"},
                {"subtopic": "Introduction to mobile telephony", "subtopic_hours": "1"}
            ]
        }
    ]
}