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Advanced caching strategies for MediGuard AI.
Implements multi-level caching with intelligent invalidation.
"""
import asyncio
import hashlib
import json
import logging
import pickle
from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
from collections.abc import Callable
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
from functools import wraps
from typing import Any
import redis.asyncio as redis
from src.settings import get_settings
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
class CacheBackend(ABC):
"""Abstract base class for cache backends."""
@abstractmethod
async def get(self, key: str) -> Any | None:
"""Get value from cache."""
pass
@abstractmethod
async def set(self, key: str, value: Any, ttl: int | None = None) -> bool:
"""Set value in cache."""
pass
@abstractmethod
async def delete(self, key: str) -> bool:
"""Delete key from cache."""
pass
@abstractmethod
async def clear(self, pattern: str | None = None) -> int:
"""Clear cache keys matching pattern."""
pass
@abstractmethod
async def exists(self, key: str) -> bool:
"""Check if key exists."""
pass
class RedisBackend(CacheBackend):
"""Redis cache backend with advanced features."""
def __init__(self, redis_url: str, key_prefix: str = "mediguard:"):
self.redis_url = redis_url
self.key_prefix = key_prefix
self._client: redis.Redis | None = None
async def _get_client(self) -> redis.Redis:
"""Get Redis client."""
if not self._client:
self._client = redis.from_url(self.redis_url)
return self._client
def _make_key(self, key: str) -> str:
"""Add prefix to key."""
return f"{self.key_prefix}{key}"
async def get(self, key: str) -> Any | None:
"""Get value from Redis."""
try:
client = await self._get_client()
value = await client.get(self._make_key(key))
if value:
# Try to deserialize
try:
return pickle.loads(value)
except (pickle.PickleError, json.JSONDecodeError):
return value.decode('utf-8')
return None
except Exception as e:
logger.error(f"Redis get error: {e}")
return None
async def set(self, key: str, value: Any, ttl: int | None = None) -> bool:
"""Set value in Redis."""
try:
client = await self._get_client()
# Serialize value
if isinstance(value, (str, int, float, bool)):
serialized = str(value).encode('utf-8')
else:
serialized = pickle.dumps(value)
await client.set(self._make_key(key), serialized, ex=ttl)
return True
except Exception as e:
logger.error(f"Redis set error: {e}")
return False
async def delete(self, key: str) -> bool:
"""Delete key from Redis."""
try:
client = await self._get_client()
result = await client.delete(self._make_key(key))
return result > 0
except Exception as e:
logger.error(f"Redis delete error: {e}")
return False
async def clear(self, pattern: str | None = None) -> int:
"""Clear keys matching pattern."""
try:
client = await self._get_client()
if pattern:
keys = await client.keys(self._make_key(pattern))
if keys:
return await client.delete(*keys)
else:
# Clear all with our prefix
keys = await client.keys(f"{self.key_prefix}*")
if keys:
return await client.delete(*keys)
return 0
except Exception as e:
logger.error(f"Redis clear error: {e}")
return 0
async def exists(self, key: str) -> bool:
"""Check if key exists."""
try:
client = await self._get_client()
return await client.exists(self._make_key(key)) > 0
except Exception as e:
logger.error(f"Redis exists error: {e}")
return False
async def close(self):
"""Close Redis connection."""
if self._client:
await self._client.close()
class MemoryBackend(CacheBackend):
"""In-memory cache backend for development/testing."""
def __init__(self, max_size: int = 1000):
self.cache: dict[str, dict] = {}
self.max_size = max_size
self._access_times: dict[str, float] = {}
async def _evict_if_needed(self):
"""Evict oldest entries if cache is full."""
if len(self.cache) >= self.max_size:
# Find least recently used key
oldest_key = min(self._access_times.items(), key=lambda x: x[1])[0]
del self.cache[oldest_key]
del self._access_times[oldest_key]
async def get(self, key: str) -> Any | None:
"""Get value from memory cache."""
if key in self.cache:
self._access_times[key] = asyncio.get_event_loop().time()
entry = self.cache[key]
# Check if expired
if entry['expires_at'] and datetime.utcnow() > entry['expires_at']:
del self.cache[key]
del self._access_times[key]
return None
return entry['value']
return None
async def set(self, key: str, value: Any, ttl: int | None = None) -> bool:
"""Set value in memory cache."""
await self._evict_if_needed()
expires_at = None
if ttl:
expires_at = datetime.utcnow() + timedelta(seconds=ttl)
self.cache[key] = {
'value': value,
'expires_at': expires_at,
'created_at': datetime.utcnow()
}
self._access_times[key] = asyncio.get_event_loop().time()
return True
async def delete(self, key: str) -> bool:
"""Delete key from memory cache."""
if key in self.cache:
del self.cache[key]
if key in self._access_times:
del self._access_times[key]
return True
return False
async def clear(self, pattern: str | None = None) -> int:
"""Clear keys matching pattern."""
if pattern:
import fnmatch
keys_to_delete = [k for k in self.cache.keys() if fnmatch.fnmatch(k, pattern)]
else:
keys_to_delete = list(self.cache.keys())
for key in keys_to_delete:
await self.delete(key)
return len(keys_to_delete)
async def exists(self, key: str) -> bool:
"""Check if key exists."""
return key in self.cache
class CacheManager:
"""Advanced cache manager with multi-level caching."""
def __init__(self, l1_backend: CacheBackend, l2_backend: CacheBackend | None = None):
self.l1 = l1_backend # Fast cache (e.g., memory)
self.l2 = l2_backend # Slower cache (e.g., Redis)
self.stats = {
'l1_hits': 0,
'l2_hits': 0,
'misses': 0,
'sets': 0,
'deletes': 0
}
async def get(self, key: str) -> Any | None:
"""Get value from cache (L1 -> L2)."""
# Try L1 first
value = await self.l1.get(key)
if value is not None:
self.stats['l1_hits'] += 1
return value
# Try L2
if self.l2:
value = await self.l2.get(key)
if value is not None:
self.stats['l2_hits'] += 1
# Promote to L1
await self.l1.set(key, value)
return value
self.stats['misses'] += 1
return None
async def set(self, key: str, value: Any, ttl: int | None = None,
l1_ttl: int | None = None, l2_ttl: int | None = None) -> bool:
"""Set value in cache (both levels)."""
self.stats['sets'] += 1
# Set in L1 with shorter TTL
l1_success = await self.l1.set(key, value, ttl=l1_ttl or ttl)
# Set in L2 with longer TTL
l2_success = True
if self.l2:
l2_success = await self.l2.set(key, value, ttl=l2_ttl or ttl)
return l1_success and l2_success
async def delete(self, key: str) -> bool:
"""Delete from all cache levels."""
self.stats['deletes'] += 1
l1_success = await self.l1.delete(key)
l2_success = True
if self.l2:
l2_success = await self.l2.delete(key)
return l1_success or l2_success
async def clear(self, pattern: str | None = None) -> int:
"""Clear from all cache levels."""
l1_count = await self.l1.clear(pattern)
l2_count = 0
if self.l2:
l2_count = await self.l2.clear(pattern)
return l1_count + l2_count
def get_stats(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
"""Get cache statistics."""
total_requests = self.stats['l1_hits'] + self.stats['l2_hits'] + self.stats['misses']
return {
**self.stats,
'total_requests': total_requests,
'hit_rate': (self.stats['l1_hits'] + self.stats['l2_hits']) / total_requests if total_requests > 0 else 0,
'l1_hit_rate': self.stats['l1_hits'] / total_requests if total_requests > 0 else 0,
'l2_hit_rate': self.stats['l2_hits'] / total_requests if total_requests > 0 else 0
}
class CacheDecorator:
"""Decorator for caching function results."""
def __init__(
self,
cache_manager: CacheManager,
ttl: int = 300,
key_prefix: str = "",
key_builder: Callable | None = None,
condition: Callable | None = None
):
self.cache = cache_manager
self.ttl = ttl
self.key_prefix = key_prefix
self.key_builder = key_builder or self._default_key_builder
self.condition = condition or (lambda: True)
def _default_key_builder(self, func_name: str, args: tuple, kwargs: dict) -> str:
"""Default key builder using function name and arguments."""
# Create a deterministic key from arguments
key_data = {
'args': args,
'kwargs': sorted(kwargs.items())
}
key_hash = hashlib.md5(json.dumps(key_data, sort_keys=True, default=str).encode()).hexdigest()
return f"{self.key_prefix}{func_name}:{key_hash}"
def __call__(self, func):
"""Decorator implementation."""
if asyncio.iscoroutinefunction(func):
return self._async_decorator(func)
else:
return self._sync_decorator(func)
def _async_decorator(self, func):
"""Decorator for async functions."""
@wraps(func)
async def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
# Check if caching should be applied
if not self.condition(*args, **kwargs):
return await func(*args, **kwargs)
# Build cache key
cache_key = self.key_builder(func.__name__, args, kwargs)
# Try to get from cache
cached_result = await self.cache.get(cache_key)
if cached_result is not None:
return cached_result
# Execute function and cache result
result = await func(*args, **kwargs)
await self.cache.set(cache_key, result, ttl=self.ttl)
return result
return wrapper
def _sync_decorator(self, func):
"""Decorator for sync functions."""
@wraps(func)
def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
# Check if caching should be applied
if not self.condition(*args, **kwargs):
return func(*args, **kwargs)
# Build cache key
cache_key = self.key_builder(func.__name__, args, kwargs)
# Try to get from cache (sync)
loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
cached_result = loop.run_until_complete(self.cache.get(cache_key))
if cached_result is not None:
return cached_result
# Execute function and cache result
result = func(*args, **kwargs)
loop.run_until_complete(self.cache.set(cache_key, result, ttl=self.ttl))
return result
return wrapper
# Global cache manager instance
_cache_manager: CacheManager | None = None
async def get_cache_manager() -> CacheManager:
"""Get or create the global cache manager."""
global _cache_manager
if not _cache_manager:
settings = get_settings()
# L1 cache (memory)
l1 = MemoryBackend(max_size=1000)
# L2 cache (Redis) if available
l2 = None
if settings.REDIS_URL:
try:
l2 = RedisBackend(settings.REDIS_URL)
logger.info("Cache: Redis backend enabled")
except Exception as e:
logger.warning(f"Cache: Redis backend failed, using memory only: {e}")
_cache_manager = CacheManager(l1, l2)
logger.info("Cache manager initialized")
return _cache_manager
# Decorator factory
def cached(
ttl: int = 300,
key_prefix: str = "",
key_builder: Callable | None = None,
condition: Callable | None = None
):
"""Factory function for cache decorator."""
async def decorator(func):
cache_manager = await get_cache_manager()
cache_decorator = CacheDecorator(
cache_manager, ttl=ttl, key_prefix=key_prefix,
key_builder=key_builder, condition=condition
)
return cache_decorator(func)
return decorator
# Cache invalidation utilities
class CacheInvalidator:
"""Utilities for cache invalidation."""
@staticmethod
async def invalidate_by_pattern(pattern: str):
"""Invalidate cache entries matching pattern."""
cache = await get_cache_manager()
count = await cache.clear(pattern)
logger.info(f"Invalidated {count} cache entries matching pattern: {pattern}")
return count
@staticmethod
async def invalidate_user_cache(user_id: str):
"""Invalidate all cache entries for a user."""
patterns = [
f"user:{user_id}:*",
f"*:user:{user_id}:*",
f"analysis:*:user:{user_id}",
f"search:*:user:{user_id}"
]
total = 0
for pattern in patterns:
total += await CacheInvalidator.invalidate_by_pattern(pattern)
return total
@staticmethod
async def invalidate_biomarker_cache(biomarker_type: str):
"""Invalidate cache entries for a biomarker type."""
pattern = f"*biomarker:{biomarker_type}:*"
return await CacheInvalidator.invalidate_by_pattern(pattern)
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