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| Artificial Intelligence | |
| Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a branch of computer science that aims to create | |
| intelligent machines capable of performing tasks that typically require human intelligence. | |
| The term "Artificial Intelligence" was coined by John McCarthy in 1956 at the | |
| Dartmouth Conference. This conference is widely considered the birthplace of AI as a field. | |
| Types of AI: | |
| - Narrow AI (Weak AI): Designed for specific tasks like voice recognition or playing chess | |
| - General AI (Strong AI): Hypothetical AI with human-like general intelligence | |
| - Superintelligent AI: Hypothetical AI surpassing human intelligence in all domains | |
| Machine Learning is a subset of AI that enables systems to learn from data without | |
| being explicitly programmed. Deep Learning is a subset of Machine Learning using | |
| neural networks with multiple layers. | |
| Key milestones in AI history: | |
| - 1950: Alan Turing proposed the Turing Test for machine intelligence | |
| - 1997: IBM's Deep Blue defeated world chess champion Garry Kasparov | |
| - 2011: IBM Watson won Jeopardy! against human champions | |
| - 2016: Google DeepMind's AlphaGo defeated Go world champion Lee Sedol | |
| - 2022: ChatGPT was released by OpenAI, demonstrating advanced language capabilities | |
| Neural networks are computing systems inspired by biological neural networks in | |
| the brain. They consist of interconnected nodes (neurons) organized in layers. | |
| Common applications of AI include: | |
| - Natural Language Processing (NLP) for text and speech understanding | |
| - Computer Vision for image and video analysis | |
| - Autonomous vehicles and robotics | |
| - Medical diagnosis and drug discovery | |
| - Recommendation systems for content and products | |
| The AI winter refers to periods of reduced funding and interest in AI research. | |
| The first AI winter occurred from 1974 to 1980, and the second from 1987 to 1993. | |