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| # | Paper | Strategy Used |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Tan et al. (2022) — Sentiment analysis with ensemble hybrid deep learning model, IEEE Access | A2: XGB+LGB Prediction Averaging |
| 2 | Bakasa & Viriri (2023) — Stacked ensemble deep learning for pancreas cancer classification, Frontiers in AI | A3: 2-Layer Stacking (LGB+XGB → Ridge meta) |
| 3 | Kumari & Toshniwal (2021) — XGBoost forest and DNN ensemble for solar irradiance forecasting, Journal of Cleaner Production | A4: Weighted Vote + Phase B RTGB inspiration |
| 4 | Emami & Martínez-Muñoz (2023) — A gradient boosting approach for training CNNs and DNNs, IEEE Open Journal of Signal Processing | A5: Sequential Residual Boosting |
| 5 | Badirli et al. (2020) — GrowNet: Gradient boosting neural networks, arXiv | A6: Feature-Split Specialist Ensemble |
| 6 | Thanka et al. (2023) — Hybrid approach for melanoma classification using VGG16 + LightGBM, Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine | Phase B: LightGBM as final classifier stage |
| 7 | Almulihi et al. (2022) — Ensemble learning based on CNN-LSTM and CNN-GRU hybrid, Diagnostics | Phase B: LSTM architecture design |
| 8 | Sharmin et al. (2023) — Hybrid ResNet50V2 + LightGBM for breast cancer detection, IEEE Access | Phase B: LGB+LSTM role split concept |
| # | Gap in Existing Research | How Our RTGB Fills It |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Most hybrids use fixed blend weights (e.g. simple average, soft voting) — same α for every sample | RTGB uses a per-sample learned gate α — the GateNet decides blend ratio dynamically based on input context |
| 2 | LSTM and LGB are trained independently on the same target — no information flows between them | RTGB's LSTM is trained on LGB's residuals, not raw targets — forced specialisation, explicit knowledge transfer |
| 3 | Stacking meta-learners (Ridge, XGB) take predictions as input only — ignore temporal context | GateNet takes predictions plus tabular context features — the gate is context-aware, not just prediction-aware |
| 4 | Most LGB+LSTM papers (wind, solar) do parallel training then late fusion | RTGB is sequential: LGB runs first, LSTM sees what LGB failed at — asymmetric roles by design |
| 5 | Residual boosting exists (GrowNet, GB-DNN) but uses homogeneous weak learners (all NNs or all trees) | RTGB mixes heterogeneous paradigms — gradient boosting for global structure, LSTM for temporal error patterns |
| 6 | Gate/attention mechanisms in hybrids are applied to features or sequence steps, not to model predictions | RTGB's gate operates at the prediction level — it is a learned meta-controller over two specialist outputs |
| 7 | Ablation studies rarely isolate the contribution of the blending layer | RTGB has built-in ablation: LGB-only, LGB+LSTM-corrected, and full RTGB are all logged — contribution of each stage is measurable |
| 8 | No wind forecasting paper combines residual transfer + adaptive gating in a single end-to-end pipeline | RTGB is the first tabular wind forecasting architecture to chain residual transfer → LSTM correction → learned per-sample gate |