"""
infrastructure/processing/scipy_cardiogan_preprocessor.py
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
SciPy implementation of CardioGANSignalPreprocessor.
"""
from __future__ import annotations

import numpy as np
from scipy.interpolate import interp1d
from scipy.signal import butter, filtfilt

from src.domain.exceptions.pipeline_exceptions import PreprocessingError
from src.domain.interfaces.services.cardiogan_preprocessor import CardioGANSignalPreprocessor
from src.shared.constants import (
    CARDIOGAN_ORIG_FS,
    CARDIOGAN_TARGET_FS,
    CARDIOGAN_WINDOW_SAMPLES,
    CARDIOGAN_OVERLAP,
    VGTLNET_WINDOW_SIZE,
)
from src.shared.logger import get_logger

logger = get_logger(__name__)


class SciPyCardioGANPreprocessor(CardioGANSignalPreprocessor):
    """
    CardioGAN signal preprocessor using SciPy for resampling, filtering, and windowing.
    """

    def preprocess_ppg(self, ppg_raw: np.ndarray) -> np.ndarray:
        """
        Full CardioGAN preprocessing pipeline:
            1. Resample: 125 Hz -> 128 Hz
            2. Filter:   Butterworth bandpass 1-8 Hz (order=4)
            3. Normalize: Z-score (per-subject)
            4. Segment:  512-sample sliding windows with 10% overlap
            5. Normalize: Min-max normalize per window to [-1, 1]
        """
        try:
            ppg_flat = ppg_raw.flatten().astype(np.float32)
            if len(ppg_flat) == 0:
                raise PreprocessingError("preprocess_ppg", "PPG signal array is empty")

            # 1. Resample 125 Hz -> 128 Hz
            ppg_128 = self._resample_signal(
                ppg_flat, CARDIOGAN_ORIG_FS, CARDIOGAN_TARGET_FS
            )

            # 2. Filter: Butterworth 1-8 Hz
            ppg_filt = self._bandpass_butter(
                ppg_128, CARDIOGAN_TARGET_FS, low=1.0, high=8.0
            )

            # 3. Z-score normalization
            ppg_norm = self._zscore_normalize(ppg_filt)

            # 4. Segment into windows
            ppg_wins = self._segment_windows(
                ppg_norm, CARDIOGAN_WINDOW_SAMPLES, CARDIOGAN_OVERLAP
            )

            if len(ppg_wins) == 0:
                raise PreprocessingError(
                    "preprocess_ppg",
                    f"PPG signal length {len(ppg_flat)} is too short to form any segment of size {CARDIOGAN_WINDOW_SAMPLES}"
                )

            # 5. Min-max normalize per window to [-1, 1]
            ppg_wins = self._minmax_normalize(ppg_wins, -1.0, 1.0)
            return ppg_wins

        except Exception as e:
            if isinstance(e, PreprocessingError):
                raise e
            raise PreprocessingError("preprocess_ppg", f"Unexpected error: {e}") from e

    def postprocess_ecg(self, ecg_windows_128: np.ndarray) -> np.ndarray:
        """
        Downsamples ECG signals from 128 Hz back to 125 Hz and trims/pads to 224 samples.
        """
        try:
            if len(ecg_windows_128) == 0:
                raise PreprocessingError("postprocess_ecg", "ECG windows batch is empty")

            ecg_segments_out = []
            for win in ecg_windows_128:
                # Downsample from 128 -> 125 Hz
                n_orig = len(win)
                n_target = int(n_orig * CARDIOGAN_ORIG_FS / CARDIOGAN_TARGET_FS)
                t_orig = np.linspace(0, 1, n_orig, endpoint=False)
                t_target = np.linspace(0, 1, n_target, endpoint=False)
                interp_fn = interp1d(t_orig, win, kind="linear", fill_value="extrapolate")
                ecg_win_125 = interp_fn(t_target).astype(np.float32)

                # Trim or pad to VGTLNET_WINDOW_SIZE (224 samples)
                if len(ecg_win_125) >= VGTLNET_WINDOW_SIZE:
                    ecg_segments_out.append(ecg_win_125[:VGTLNET_WINDOW_SIZE])
                else:
                    padded = np.zeros(VGTLNET_WINDOW_SIZE, dtype=np.float32)
                    padded[:len(ecg_win_125)] = ecg_win_125
                    ecg_segments_out.append(padded)

            return np.array(ecg_segments_out, dtype=np.float32)

        except Exception as e:
            if isinstance(e, PreprocessingError):
                raise e
            raise PreprocessingError("postprocess_ecg", f"Unexpected error: {e}") from e

    # ── Helper Processing Methods ───────────────────────────────────────────────

    @staticmethod
    def _resample_signal(sig: np.ndarray, orig_fs: int, target_fs: int) -> np.ndarray:
        n_orig = len(sig)
        duration = n_orig / orig_fs
        n_target = int(duration * target_fs)
        t_orig = np.linspace(0, duration, n_orig, endpoint=False)
        t_target = np.linspace(0, duration, n_target, endpoint=False)
        interp_fn = interp1d(t_orig, sig, kind="linear", fill_value="extrapolate")
        return interp_fn(t_target).astype(np.float32)

    @staticmethod
    def _bandpass_butter(sig: np.ndarray, fs: int, low: float, high: float) -> np.ndarray:
        nyq = fs / 2.0
        b, a = butter(4, [low / nyq, high / nyq], btype="band")
        return filtfilt(b, a, sig).astype(np.float32)

    @staticmethod
    def _zscore_normalize(sig: np.ndarray) -> np.ndarray:
        mu = np.mean(sig)
        std = np.std(sig)
        if std < 1e-8:
            return (sig - mu).astype(np.float32)
        return ((sig - mu) / std).astype(np.float32)

    @staticmethod
    def _segment_windows(sig: np.ndarray, win_len: int, overlap: float) -> np.ndarray:
        step = int(win_len * (1.0 - overlap))
        n_windows = max(0, (len(sig) - win_len) // step + 1)
        if n_windows == 0:
            return np.empty((0, win_len), dtype=np.float32)
        return np.stack([sig[i * step : i * step + win_len] for i in range(n_windows)]).astype(np.float32)

    @staticmethod
    def _minmax_normalize(windows: np.ndarray, low: float, high: float) -> np.ndarray:
        mins = windows.min(axis=-1, keepdims=True)
        maxs = windows.max(axis=-1, keepdims=True)
        rng = maxs - mins
        rng[rng < 1e-8] = 1.0
        normalized = (windows - mins) / rng
        return (normalized * (high - low) + low).astype(np.float32)