Dockerfile

FROM ubuntu:22.04

ENV DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive

# Install QEMU hardware emulators and noVNC web proxy
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y \
    qemu-system-x86 \
    qemu-utils \
    novnc \
    websockify \
    wget \
    curl \
    sudo \
    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

RUN useradd -m -u 1000 vmuser && \
    echo "vmuser ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL" >> /etc/sudoers

RUN ln -s /usr/share/novnc/vnc.html /usr/share/novnc/index.html

USER vmuser
WORKDIR /home/vmuser

# Download a lightweight Linux ISO to boot (Example: Tiny Core Linux)
RUN wget -O /home/vmuser/os.iso http://www.tinycorelinux.net/14.x/x86_64/release/CorePure64-14.0.iso

# Create Virtual Hard Drive (10 GB)
RUN qemu-img create -f qcow2 /home/vmuser/hdd.qcow2 10G

# Startup script to run QEMU with built-in VNC, then link it to noVNC on port 7860
RUN echo '#!/bin/bash\n\
# Run QEMU Virtual Machine with 2 Cores and 2GB RAM\n\
qemu-system-x86_64 \\\n\
    -m 2048M \\\n\
    -smp 2 \\\n\
    -hda /home/vmuser/hdd.qcow2 \\\n\
    -cdrom /home/vmuser/os.iso \\\n\
    -boot d \\\n\
    -vnc localhost:0 \\\n\
    -device e1000,netdev=net0 \\\n\
    -netdev user,id=net0 \\\n\
    -nodefaults &\n\
\n\
sleep 2\n\
# Expose the QEMU VNC display over web port 7860\n\
websockify --web=/usr/share/novnc/ 7860 localhost:5900\n\
' > /home/vmuser/start.sh

RUN chmod +x /home/vmuser/start.sh

EXPOSE 7860
CMD ["/home/vmuser/start.sh"]