app/database/factories/AvisoFactory.php

<?php

namespace Database\Factories;

use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\Factory;
use App\Models\Aviso;
use App\Models\Alumno;
use App\Models\Persona;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;

/**
 * @extends \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\Factory<\App\Models\Model\Aviso>
 */
class AvisoFactory extends Factory
{
    protected $model = Aviso::class;
    /**
     * Define the model's default state.
     *
     * @return array<string, mixed>
     */
    public function definition(): array
    {
        return [
            'id_alumno' => Alumno::inRandomOrder()->first()->id_alumno ?? 1,
            'persona_id'=>$this->faker->unique()->numberBetween(1,DB::table('personas')->count()),
            'mensaje'=>$this->faker->sentence(),
            'fecha'=>$this->faker->date()
        ];
    }
}