"""
Download and prepare TrashNet dataset from GitHub.

Fetches the dataset-resized.zip, converts all images to numpy arrays
with consistent size, and splits into train/val/test sets.

Saved files:
    data/processed/X_train.npy, y_train.npy
    data/processed/X_val.npy,   y_val.npy
    data/processed/X_test.npy,  y_test.npy
    data/processed/classes.npy
"""

import io
import os
import sys
import zipfile
from pathlib import Path

import numpy as np
import requests
import torch
import yaml
from PIL import Image
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
from torch.utils.data import Dataset

# Add the project root to the python path
sys.path.append(str(Path(__file__).parent.parent))


def load_config(config_path="config.yaml"):
    with open(config_path, "r") as f:
        return yaml.safe_load(f)


config = load_config()
CLASSES = config["classes"]
SPLIT = config["split"]
IMG_SIZE = tuple(config["img_size"])
RANDOM_SEED = config["random_seed"]

os.makedirs(name="data", exist_ok=True)

GITHUB_URL = "https://github.com/garythung/trashnet/raw/master/data/dataset-resized.zip"
RAW_DIR = Path("data/raw")
OUT_DIR = Path("data/processed")


def download_and_extract() -> Path:
    """
    Automates data acquisition for reproducibility.
    Downloads the TrashNet ZIP from GitHub and extracts it to data/raw/.
    This ensures that anyone running the script gets the exact same starting data.
    """
    if (RAW_DIR / "dataset-resized").exists():
        print("[SKIP] Already extracted.")
        return RAW_DIR

    print("[DOWNLOAD] TrashNet from GitHub...")

    try:
        response = requests.get(GITHUB_URL, timeout=120)
        response.raise_for_status()

        with zipfile.ZipFile(io.BytesIO(response.content)) as zf:
            zf.extractall(RAW_DIR)
            print("[OK] Extraction done.")
    except Exception as e:
        print(f"[ERROR] Download failed: {e}")
        raise

    return RAW_DIR


def load_images(raw_path: Path) -> tuple[np.ndarray, np.ndarray]:
    """
    Data Standardization:
    Reads all images per class, resizes them to a uniform size (IMG_SIZE),
    and converts them to RGB. This creates a consistent input format for
    the neural network, regardless of the original image dimensions or formats.
    """
    images, labels = [], []

    for label_index, class_name in enumerate(CLASSES):
        class_dir = raw_path / "dataset-resized" / class_name
        if not class_dir.exists():
            print(f"[WARN] Folder not found: {class_dir}, skipping.")
            continue

        files = list(class_dir.glob("*.jpg")) + list(class_dir.glob("*.png"))
        print(f"[LOAD] {class_name}: {len(files)} images")

        for img_path in files:
            try:
                img = Image.open(img_path).convert("RGB")
                img = img.resize(IMG_SIZE)
                images.append(np.array(img, dtype=np.uint8))
                labels.append(label_index)
            except Exception as e:
                print(f"[WARN] Could not read {img_path}: {e}")

    return np.array(images), np.array(labels, dtype=np.int64)


def split_and_save(images: np.ndarray, labels: np.ndarray):
    """
    Evaluation Rigor:
    Splits the data into fixed Train, Validation, and Test sets.
    - Train: Used to update model weights.
    - Val: Used to tune hyperparameters and prevent overfitting.
    - Test: Used for final unbiased evaluation.
    Saving as .npy files makes loading much faster during training.
    """

    OUT_DIR.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
    train_ratio, val_ratio, test_ratio = SPLIT

    X_train, X_rest, y_train, y_rest = train_test_split(
        images, labels, test_size=(1 - train_ratio), stratify=labels, random_state=RANDOM_SEED
    )

    val_size = val_ratio / (val_ratio + test_ratio)
    X_val, X_test, y_val, y_test = train_test_split(
        X_rest, y_rest, test_size=(1 - val_size), stratify=y_rest, random_state=RANDOM_SEED
    )

    splits = {
        "X_train": X_train,
        "y_train": y_train,
        "X_val": X_val,
        "y_val": y_val,
        "X_test": X_test,
        "y_test": y_test,
    }

    for name, array in splits.items():
        path = OUT_DIR / f"{name}.npy"
        np.save(path, array)
        print(f"[OK] {name}.npy → {array.shape}  dtype={array.dtype}")

    np.save(OUT_DIR / "classes.npy", np.array(CLASSES))
    print(f"\n[DONE] Splits: " f"Train={len(y_train)} | Val={len(y_val)} | Test={len(y_test)}")


class TrashDataset(Dataset):
    """
    The Bridge to PyTorch:
    This class is REQUIRED because PyTorch's DataLoader expects a Dataset object.

    Why this class?
    1. Efficient Loading: It only loads specific images into RAM when needed (lazy loading).
    2. Data Augmentation: Allows on-the-fly transformations (rotation, flip, etc.) in __getitem__.
    3. Tensor Conversion: Handles the conversion from NumPy arrays to PyTorch Tensors.
    """

    def __init__(self, x_path: Path, y_path: Path, transform=None):
        """Loads the pre-processed .npy files once into memory."""
        self.X = np.load(x_path)
        self.y = torch.from_numpy(np.load(y_path))
        self.transform = transform

    def __len__(self):
        """Tells the DataLoader how many samples are in the dataset."""
        return len(self.X)

    def __getitem__(self, idx):
        """
        Fetches a single sample (image + label) at the given index.
        This is where preprocessing (transforms) happens during training.
        """
        img = self.X[idx]
        label = self.y[idx]

        if self.transform:
            img = self.transform(img)
        else:
            # Default: Convert [H, W, C] (0-255) to [C, H, W] (0.0-1.0) for
            # PyTorch
            img = torch.from_numpy(img).permute(2, 0, 1).float() / 255.0

        return img, label


if __name__ == "__main__":
    raw_path = download_and_extract()
    images, labels = load_images(raw_path)
    split_and_save(images, labels)